PBS NewsHour; August 10, 2018 6:00pm-7:01pm PDT

Captioning sponsored by NEWSHOUR PRODUCTIONS, LLC

>> Brangham: GOOD EVENING. I'M WILLIAM BRANGHAM. JUDY WOODRUFF IS ON VACATION. ON THE NEWSHOUR TONIGHT: A NEW CHAPTER FOR SOFI. THE STORY OF A LITTLE GIRL REUNITED WITH HER FAMILY AFTEREK OF SEPARATION. PLUS, BEYOND CHARLOTTESVILLE. ONE YEAR AFT THE DEADLY PROTESTS, WE STEP BACK AND AS FOLLOWED THAT WHITE NATIONALIST RALLY. AND,T'S FRIDAY. DAVID BROOKS AND RUTH MARCUS BREAK DOWN A PACKED WEEK OF POLITICAL NEWS. ALL THAT AND MORE, ON TONIGHT'S PBS NEWSHOUR.

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>> Brangham: THE FOCUS OF CALIFORNIA'S NIGHTMARISH FIRE S SEASON HFTED AGAIN, WITH EMERGENCIES NOW DECLARED SOUTH OF LOS ANGELES. GOVERNOR JERRY BROWN TOOK THAT STEP LATE THURSDAY IN ORANGE AND RIVERSIDE COUNTIES. SOME 20,000 PEOPLE HAVE BEEN EVACUATED, AND MORE THAN 1,000 FIREFIGHTERS ARE ON THE SCENE. MEANWHILE, IN NORTHERN CALIFORNIA, THE MENDOCINO COMPLEX FIRE-- BIGGEST IN STATE HISTORY-- IS NOW 50% CONTAINED. AND, YOSEMITE NATIONAL PARK WILL REOPEN ON TUESDAY, AFTER HEAVY SMOKE CLOSED IT FOR TWWEEKS. SENATE CONFIRMATION HEARINGS WILL BEGIN SEPTEMBER 4 FOR U.S. SUPREME COURT NOMINEE BRETT KAVANAUGH. THE CHAIR OF THE SENATE JUDICIARY COMMITTEE ANNOUNCED THE PLAN TODAY, AND ID THE HEARINGS WILL LAST THREE TO FOUR DAYS. REPUBLICANS ARE PUSHING TO GET KAVANAUGH CONFIRMED BEFORE THE COURT'S NEW SESSION BEGINS, ON IATOBER 1. RUAS ISSUED A STERN WARNING TODAY, RESPONDING TO A NEW ROUND OF U.S. SANCTIONS. THE PENALTIES ARE IN RESPONSE TO THE NERVE-AGENT ATTACK ON A FORMER RUSSIAN DOUBLE-AGENT, SERGEI SKRIPAL, AND HIS DAUGHTER, IN ENGLAND. TODAY, TOURING THE BERING SEA REGION, PRIME MINISTER DMITRY MEDVEDEV TOLD WASHINGTON NOT TO GO TOO FAR.ed

>> ( transl ): IF SOMETHING LIKE A BAN ON BANK OPERATIONS OR CURRENCY USE FOLLOWS, IT WILL T AMOUA DECLARATION OF ECONOMIC WAR. AND IT WILL WARRANT A RESPONSE WITH E MEANS AND, IF NECESSARY, OTHER MEANS. OUR AMERICAN FRIENDS SHOULD UNDERSTAND THAT.

>> Brangham:HOSE U.S. SANCTIONS SENT THE RUSSIAN RUBLE PLUMMETING TO A TWO-YEAR LOW DAY. LATER, THE STATE DEPARTMENT SAID SECRETARY OF STATE MIKE POMPEO SPOKE TO THE RUSSIAN FOREIGN MINISTER IN A PHONE CALL, AND TOLD HIM THE U.S. WANTS BETTER RELATIONS. IN GAZA, A CEASE-FIRE APPEARED TO BE HOLDING BETWEEN ISRAEL AND THE PALESTINIAN MILITANT GROUP HAMAS. IT FOLLOWED A BURST OF VIOLENCE THIS WEEK, WHEN HAMAS FIRED ROCKETS INTO IAEL, AND THE ISRAELIS POUNDED GAZA WITH AIR STRIKES. TODAY, THOUSANDS OF PALESTINIAN PROTESTERS GATHERED AT THE BORDER. SOME BURNED TIRES AND THREW ROCKS.EA GAZA'SH MINISTRY SAID TWO PALESTINIANS WERE KILLED BY ISRAELI FIRE, INCLUDING AME PAC. GOVERNMENT FORCES IN AFGHANISTAN PRRUGGLED TODAY TO BEAT BACK A TALIBAN ATTACK ON INCIAL CAPITOL. AT LEAST 14 AFGHAN POLICEMEN WERE KILLED. IT HAPPENED JUST 75 MILES SOUTH OF KABULIN GHAZNI. FICIALS SAY THE TALIBAN HID INSIDE HOMES, THEN ATTACKED, AROUND 2:00 A.M.OM VIDE LOCAL MEDIA SHOWED SMOKE RISING ABOVE ROOFTOPS, AND LMPOUNDS ABLAZE. THE CITY WAS UNDKDOWN, AS GUNFIRE CONTINUED THROUGH THE DAY. THOUSANDS OF M PROTESTED IN NORTHWESTERN CHINA TODAY, AGAINST THE DESTRUCTION OF A LOCAL MOSQUE. IT'S PART OF A BROADER GOVERNMENT CRACKDOWNN RELIGION BY THE CHINESE GOVERT. VIDEO ON SOCIAL MEDIA SHOWED ALL RAY THAT BEGAN THURSDAY IN FRONT OF THEOSQUE IN WEIZHOU. AUTHORITIES CLAIM THE SITE LACKED PROPER PERMITS. BACK IN THIS COUNTRY, PLAYERS ON SEVERAL N.F.L. TEAMS PROTESTED DURING THE NATIONAL ANTHEM AT PRE-SEASON GAMES LAST NIGHT. SOME RAISED THEIR FISTS OR TOOK A KNEE IN SILENT DEMONSTRATIS AGAINST RACIAL INJUSTICE.

>> THERE ARE A TON OF PEOPLE WHO LOOK TO US AS MOTIVATION OR LOOK TO US FOR INSPIRATION, AND CAN SEE THAT, YOU KNOW, WHEN THEY HAVE PEOPLE WHO ARE FIGHTI FOR THEM OR ADVOCATING FOR THEM, IT GIVES THOSE PEOPLE WHO DO THIS WORK DAY TO DAY, THE UGLY GRIND OF FIGHTING AGAINST SYSTEMOF OPPRESSION, THEY DRAW MOTIVATION.

>> Brangham: THE N.F.L. AND THE PLAYERS UNION ARE WORKING ON A POLICY FOR THIS SEASON REGARDING ANTHEM PROTESTS. BUT, PRESIDENT TRUMP RENEWED HIS CRITICISM, TWEETING THAT LAST NIGHT'S PROTESTERS, "WANTED TO SHOW THEIR 'OUTRAGE' AT SOMETHING THAT MOST OF THEM ARE UNABLE TO DEFINE." AND ON WALL STREET, STOCKS SLUMPED ON THE WORRIES ABOUT FINANCIAL TROUBLES IN RKEY. THE DOW JONES INDUSTRIAL AVERAGE LOST 196 POINTS TO CLOSE AT 25,313. THE NASDAQ FELL 52 POINTS, AND THE S&P 500 GAVE UP 20. STILL TO COME ON THE NEWSHOUR: A YOUNG GIRL IS REUNITED WITH HER FAMILY AFTER BEING FORCIBLY SEPARATED. TURKEY'S CURRENCY CRISIS HITSHA RD AMID NEW U.S. TARIFFS. WHITE NATIALISTS PLAN A RALLY., IN D.C A YEAR AFTER THE DEADLY CHLOTTESVILLE RALLY. AND, MUCH MORE.

>> Brangham: WE START TONIGHT WITH AN UPDATE ON THE IMMIGRANT CHILDREN TAKEN FROM THEIR FAMILIES BY U.S. OFFICIALS WHEN THEY TRIED TO ENTER THIS COUNTRY. AMNA NAWAZ WAS REPORTING ON THE BORDER EARLIER THIS SUMMER WHEN A YOUNG GIRL NAMED SOFI AND HER GRANDMOTHER CAME LEGALLY TO A U.S. CHECKPOINT, TRIED TO APPLY FOASYLUM, AND WERE THEN SEPARATED. BUT LATE YESTERDAY IN CALIFORNIA, THEIR STORY TOOK A HAPPIER TURN. AMNA WAS THERE, AND HAS THIS UPDATE.

>> Reporter: FOR WEEKS, ANA HAS WAITED, WONDERING AND RRYING ABOUT HER DAUGHTER. BUT NOW, THE WAIT IS OVER. ON THURSDAY, THREE-YEAR-OLD SOFI WAS REUNITEDITH HER FAMILY IN CALIFORNIA, SEVEN WEEKS AFTER BEING SEPARATED BY U.S. OFFICIALS AT THE MEXICAN BORDER IN TEXAS.

>> ( translated ): I FEEL GOOD, VERY GOOD, TO SEE HER WITH MY MOM, ANDO KNOW THAT SHE'LL NOW BE WITH US AND SHE WON'T APART FROM ME.

>> Reporter: WE FIRST MET SOFI INERUNE, AT THIS MIGRANT SHE IN JUAREZ, MEXICO, WITH HER GRANDMOTHER AND GUARDIAN, ANGELICA. GELICA SAID HER FAMILY H --EN TARGETED-- SOME, MURD BY A MEXICAN CARTEL. HER DAUGHTERS, INCLUDING SOFI'S MOTHER, HAD ALREADY FLED TO THE U.S. AE NEXT MORNING, ANGELICA SOFI CROSSED LEGALLY INTO EL PASO, SEEKING ASYLUM. SOON AFTER, THEY WE SEPARATED.

>> ( translated ): AN IMMIGRATION OFFICER TOLD ME, RLOU'RE GOING TO ENTER WITH YOUR FAMILY, BUT THE ILL BE SENT TO A PLACE TO GO THROUGH A PROCESS SO SHE CAN BE WITH HER M."

>> Reporter: AS ANGELICA MADE HER WAY TO CALIFORNIA TO JOIN HER FAMILY, SOFI WAS SENT TO A SHELTER ACROSS THE COUNTRY, IN PENNSYLVANIA. FOR SEVEN WEEKS, SOFI'S FAMILY SORKED TO GET HER BACK THROUGH THE U.S. GOVERNMEN REUNIFICATION PROCESS. FOR SEVEN WEEKS, THEY NAVIGATED THE PAPER TRAIL, SUBMITTING DOCUMENTS AND DATAINCLUDING FINGERPRINTS. FOR SEVEN WEEKS, SOFI'S LY FAMILY CONTACT WAS MOMENTS LIKE THIS-- BRIEF CALLS, BEGGING TO COME HOME. ON WEDNESDAY, ANOTHER CALL. SOFI WAS BEING RELEASED AND FLOWN TO SAN FRANCISCO THE NEXT DAY. ON HER WAY TO THE AIRPORT, ANA WORRIES ABOUT WHAT HER DAUGHTER HAS BEEN THROUGH.

>> ( translated ): SHE CRIED ALL THE TIME, TOLD ME SHE DIDN'T WANT TO BE THERE. ONE TIME, SHE DIDN'T SOUND OKAYT SHE COULDNPEAK CLEARLY AND THEY WERE GIVING HER A BAD LOOK, TEEY WOULD SCOLD HER. AND SHE WANTED T ME SOMETHING BUT COULDN'T, BECAUSE THEY WOULD SCOLD HER. SO THAT HAD ME VERY WORRIED.

>> Reporter: THIS WAS SOFI'S FIRST TIME AWAY FROM HER FAMILY. HER FIRST TIME ON AN A PLANE. CRADLED IN HER MOTHER'S ARMS FOR THE FIRST TIME IN WEEKS, SHESE COLLAPINTO TEARS. ( CRYING ) SOFI IS SHOWERED WITH GIFTS. WELCOMED BHER BABY BROTHER. AFTER THEIR FIRST DAY REUNITED, IS RELIEVED TO SEE THE SOFI SHE REMEMBERS, RUNNINGAR ND AND PLAYING WITH HER COUSINS. OWSHE IS SLIGHTLY TALLER N. HER HAIR IS FINALLY LONG ENOUGH TO PULL INTO PIGTAILS. ANGELICA WORRIES, THOUGH, ABOUT THE UNFAMILIAR FLASHES THEY'VE SEEN SFAR. A PASSING REFERENCE SOFI MADE TO "MEDICINE" SHE WAS GIVEN AT THE SHELTER. A BRIEF MENTION OF "PUNISHMENT" FOR CRYING OR REFUSING TO EAT.

>> WE HAVEN'T ASKED HER MANY QUESTIONS BECAUSE SHE SAYS THAT IT WAS A BAD PLACE. Y ASK HERO EVENTUA LITTLE BY LITTLE HOW SHE WAS TREATED. I THINK THAT, WITH TIME, WE NEED TO LET HER KNOW THAT THEY SEPARATED HER FROM US FOR SOME TIME. WE WANT TO TAKE HER TO SEE A THERAPIST, FOR HER TO BE EXAMINED, TO SEE HOW SHE IS, HOW HER HEALTH IS, BECAUSE SHE LOOKS GOOD NOW, BUT WHO KNOWS HOW SHE WILL REACT LATER ON.

>> Reporter: SEVEN WEEKS AGO, ANGELICA WALKED ACROSS A B DER SEEKING REFUGE FOR HER FAMILY. TODAY, SHE SAYS, SHE'LL CONTINUE ON THAT JOURNEY UNTIL SHE KNOWS SOFI CAN BE SAFE.

>> Brangham: AND AMNA JOINS ME NOW FROM CALIFORNIA. AMNA, IT'S SUCH WONDERFUL REPORTING TO SEE SOFI REUNITED WITH HER FAMILY. ANK YOU FOR BRINGING US THIS REPORTING. I HAVE TO WONDER, THOUGH, AFTER SEVEN WEEKS APART FROM HER FAMILY, HOW IS SHE GOING TO BE TOMORROW, TWO WEEKS FROM NOW, TWO MOHS FROM NOW?

>> Nawaz: THAT IS THE BIG QUESTION RIGHTLLOW. NOBODY RKNOWS. THERE HAVE BEEN SOME HINTS THE FAMILY HAS SEEN THAT HAVE GIMEN THEM SOME S OF CONCERN. SOFI MADE REFERENCE TO BEING PUNISHED SOMETIMES IF SHE CRIED TOO MUCH OR DIDN'T EAT HER FOOD. SHE MADE ANOTHER REFERENCE TO BEING GIVEN MEDICATION SHE ALSO HAS BAGS UNDER HER EYES THAT HER FAMILY MENTIONED THEY NOTICED. THEY ASKED HER WHY THAT WAS, WASN'T SHE SLEEPING WELL? SHE SAYS, WE SLEPT ALL DAY. SO HER FAMILY IS NOW CONCERNED, HREE-YEAR-OLD SLEEPING ALL DAY. AND HOW WAS SHE TREATED DURING A HER TIY FROM US. THEY HAVE A LOT OF QUESTIONS. THEY'RE GOING TO SEE OVER TIME THEY WILL TRY TO PULL SOME OF THAT INFORMATION OUT OF HER. THEY DON'T WANT TO FOCUS ON THAT. OBVIOUSLY RIGHT NOW THEY WANT HER TO GET COMFORTABLE TO, GET BACK WITH THE FAMILY TO, REMEMBER SHE IS LOVED AND SHE WAS MISSED. THEY HAVE REAL CONCERNS BASED ON INFORMATION FROM THE MEDICAL COMMUNITY. THE VERY ACT OF FORCIBLY SEPARATING CHILDREN, PARTICULARLY THIS YOUNG, FROMRE THEIR IVES, THAT'S DEEPLY TRAUMATIC AND IN SOME WAYS IRREVERSIBLE. SOFI IS JUST THREE.EN LITTLE THINGS OU ARE TREE CAN HAVE A REALLY BIG IMPACT. THIS WAS NO LITTLE THING SHE LIVED THROUGH. SO A LOT OF QUESTIONS AHEAD FOR HER.YO

>> Brangham: DHAVE ANY SENSE AS TO WHY SHE WAS RELEASED NOW?

>> THIS ISRANOTHER HEAD HER TO BE HONEST. THE FAMILY HAD BEEN NAVIGATINGES THE PRSTEP BY STEP, SOMEWHAT RESPONDING TO PIECEMEAL REQUTS ALONG THE WAY, FINGERPRINTS AND SO ON. WE KNOW THAT WE HAVE BEEN PROVIDING SUSTAINED ATTENTION AS A NATIONAL MEDIA NETWORK. A O KNOW THAT THERE'S A VOLUNTEER GROUP THAT'S BEEN PROVIDING A LOT OF PRESSURE WORKING WITH THE GOVERNMENT AGENCY THAT HAS CUSTODY OF THE CHILDREN, TRYING TO FIGURE OUT A CHECK LIST.AT O YOU NEED TO GET SOFI RELEASED. WE ALSO KNOW THAT THE SENATOR'S OFFICE, WHICH REPRESENTS THE STATE IN WHICH SOFI IS BEING HELD, GOT INVOLVED AFTER HE CAUGHT WIND OF SOFI'S STORY, AS WELL. THERE IS ALSO A PRO BONO ATTORNEY WORKING OSC OF SAN FRAN SO WE'RE SORT OF APPLYING PRESSURE AND HIGHLIGHTING THE STORY OVER SEVERAL WEEKS, THAT WE DON'T KNOW WHY ALL OF A SUDDEN, WILLIAM, IN THE LAST FEW DAYS, RANDOMLY IT SEEM, THE GOVERNMENT AGENCY CALLED AND SAID ON WEDNESDAY, WE'RE RELEASING HER TOMORROW. NOW, IF WE WERE TO TRACE IT BACK, LAST WEEK WE DID REPORT THAT THE VOLUNTEER GROUP WAS PLANNING TO FLY MOM OUT FROM SAN FRANCISCO TO PENNSYLVANIA. BASICALLY TO RAISE A FUSS TO, KEPLY PRESSURE TO SAY, I'VE DONE EVERYTHING YOU'VE ME TO DO. PLEASE TELL ME WHEN I CAN GET MY DAUGHTER BACK. R AFTER THAT WORTED, THE PROCESS ACCELERATED SOMEWHAT. BUT WE HAVE NO IDEA. BECAUSE THERE'S VERY L INSIGHT. THERE'S VERY LITTLE TRANSPARENCY TO HOW THIS PROCESS WORKS. SO THE CHAOS IN WHICH IT UNFOLDED IN EVEN THE LAST FINAL MINUTES ISMBLEMATIC OF THE ENTIRE SYSTEM AN HOW CHAOTIC IT HAS BEEN THROUGHOUT.

>> Brangham: OBVIOUSLY THIS IS A WONDERFUL SING REUNION OF ONE GIRL BACK WITH HER FAMILY. WHAT ABOUT ALL THE OTHERLL CHILDREN WHO SEMAIN IN CUSTODY?

>> Nawaz: IT'S A GOOD POINT. SOFI, REMEMBER, ONE OF THOUSANDS OF CHILDREN WHO WERE SEPARATED AT THE BORDER FROM HER FAMILY. THE LATEST DATA FROM THE GOVERNMENT SAYS THERE ARE OVER 500 CHILDREN STILL IN GOVERNMENT CUSTODY, OVER 300 WHOSE PARENTS HAVE ALREADY LEFT THE COUNTRY. I MENTIONED THAT CHAOS EARLIER, WILLIAM. THIS IS DEEPLY AND WELL ILLUSTRATED. A MOTHER AND HER DAUGHTER HAD BEEN DETAINED TOGETHER AFTER BEING SEPARATED AND THEN REUNIFIED. MID-FLIGHT ON A DEPORTATION FLIGHT BACK TO EL SALVADOR, THE JUDGE WHO IN WASHINGTON, D.C., WAS HEARING A CASE ABOUT HER AND POTENTIALLY DEPORTED FAMILIES REALIZED THEY WERE BEING PORTED AND SAID, YOU HAVE TO TURN HER AROUND. THIS IS OUTRAGEOUS SOME THE GOVERNMENT HAD TOTOP THAT PLANE WHEN IT LANDED IN EL SALVADOR. THE MOTHER AND DAUGHTER NEVERAN DE. THEY WERE TURNED BACK AROUND AND PUT INTO FAMILY DETENTION IN TEXAS THAT. JUDGE THREATENED TO HOLD ATTORNEY GENERAL JEFF SESSIONS IN CONTEMPT IF THAT WASN'T BREAKTHROUGH BACK. CHAOS IS THE ONLY WORD WE HAVE FOR HOTHIS PROCESS IS FOLDING. THERE IS NO SET PATH FORWARD FOR THOSE HUNDREDS OF CHILDRENTILL GOVERNMENT CUSTODY. IT LOOK LIKE THE COURTS ARE WHERE THESE BATTLES ARE GOING TF GHT MOVING FORWARD.

>> Brangham: THE NEWS HOUR'S AMNA NAWAZ, THANK YOU SO MUCH.

>> Brangham: TODAY, PRESIDENT TRUMP TURNED A SIMMERING WITH TURKEY TO A BOIL. HE TWEETED THIS MORNING THAT HE WOULD DOUBLE TARIFFS ON TURKISH STEEL AND ALUMINUM RAND WROTE, "OATIONS WITH TURKEY ARE NOT GOOD AT THIS TIME!" TURKEY IS A MEMBER OF NATO, AND TSA MAJOR PLAYER IN EVERY T ACROSS THE MIDDLE EAST. THE TENSIONS NOW BETWEEN THE TWO ALLIES IS THE HIGHEST IT'S BEEN IN DECADES. HERE'S FOREIGN AFFAIRS CORRESPONDENT NICK SCHIFRIN.

>> Reporter: IN FRONT OF A FAITHFUL, FLAG-WAVING CROWD, TURKEY'S PRESIDENT TODAY DELIVERED DEFIANCE. RECEP TAYYIP ERDOGAN SRKEY WAS AT WAR, AND THE FIGHT WOULD BE WAGED BY EVERY TURK.

>> ( translated ): IF THERE'S ANYONE THAT HAS DOLLARS, EUROS OR GOLD UNDER YOUR PILLOWS, THEY SHOULD GO TO OUR BANKS AND CHANGE THEM INTO TURKISH LIRA. THIS IS A NATIONAL STRUGGLE. THIS WILL BE MY PEOPLE'S RESPONSE TO THOSE WAGING AN ECONOMIC WAR AGAINST US.

>> Reporter: ERDOGAN'S POPULISTI APPEALS THE U.S. AS THE REASON FOR TURKEY'S ECONOMIC MISERY. TODAY, THE TURKISH LIRA TUMBLED AS MUCH AS 20% TO A RECORD LOW. IT'S FAL% THIS YEAR, MAKING DAILY LIFE DIFFICULT FOR MANY TURKS, LIKE ALI UZUN, WHO HAS TO CHOOSE BETWEEN PAYING RENT, AND EATING.

>> ( translated ): IF I PAY RENT WIAT MY PENSION, WHAT WILL I OR DRINK? IT'S IMPOSSIBLE TO COPE WITH THIS. ONE MUST WORK, AND IF YOU CAN'T FIND EXTRA WK, YOU HAVE SPEND SOME DAYS HUNGRY OR THIRSTY. T

>> ReporKEY DOESN'T ACTUALLY TRADE THAT MUCH STEEL OR ALUMINUM WITH THE U.S., BUT A E PRESIDENT'S TWEET RIPPED THROUGH TURKEY LIKOCKWAVE, REDUCING CONFIDENCE IN AN ALREADY WEAK ECONOMY, SAYS THE WASHGTON INSTITUTE'S SONER CAGAPTAY.

>> THE ECONOMY WAS BRITTLE. IT WAS GOINGO HAVE PROBLEMS REGARDLESS OF TIES WITH THE UNITED STATES. I THINK THE ECONOMIC SANCTIONS THAT PRESIDENT TRUMP HAS SLAPPED ON TURKEY WILL EXACERBATE THE CRISIS, BECAUSE IT IS SIGNALING TO THE MARKETS AT A TIME WHEN TURKEY IS ALREADY VOLATILE, THAT THIS IS NOT THE COUNTRY THEY SHOULD BE INVESTING.

>> Reporter: U.S.-TURKISH RELATIONS WERE ALREADY STRAINED BECAUSE OF U.S. SUPPORT FOR KURDISH FIGHTERS IN SYRIA THATEY TUONSIDERS TERRORISTS; BECAUSE OF A CLOSE RELATIONSP WITH RUSSIA, AND TURKEY'S PURCHASING RUSSIAN WEAPONSHAT ARE EFFECTIVE AGAINST U.S. JETS; AND BECAUSE OF TERRORISM CHARGES AGAINST NORTH CAROLINA PASTORNS ANDREW BON, IN THE WHITE. BRUNSON WAS MOVED FROM JAIL TO DEUSE ARREST, BUT VICE PRE PENCE SAID LAST MONTH, THAT SN'T GOOD ENOUGH.

>> TO PRESIDENT ERDOGAN AND THE TURKISH GOVERNMENT, I HAVE A B MESSAGE ALF OF THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. RELEASE PASTOR BRUNSON NOW, OR BE PREPARED TO FACE THE CONSEQUENCES.

>> Reporter: THOSE CONSEQUENCES , E POINTED AT A NATO ALLYA COUNTRY THAT EXERTS MAJOR INFLUENCE ON U.S. FOREIGN POLICY PRIORITIES: IRAN'S NUCLEAR NTOGRAM; PROSTS IN IRAQ THAT THREATEN THE COURY'S STABILITY; AND THE FIGHT AGAINST ISIS IN SYRIA.

>> WHATEVER THE U.S. POLICIES ARE REGARDING OSE FIVE STATES OR ENTITIES, THEY'RE MUCH EASIER, MUCH LESS CUMBERSOME, MUCH LESS COSTLY WITH TURKEYN BOARD. SO TURKEY IS CLEARLY NOT INDISPENSABLE, BUT IT'S VITAL.

>> Reporter: TURKEY BLAMES THE U.S. FOR NOT EXTRADITING FAITULLAH GULEN, ACCUSED BY TURKEY OF MASTERMINDING THE 2016 FAILED COUP. ERDOGAN PAINTS HIMSELF AS THE ONLY ONE WHO CAN SECURE TURKEY FROM ITS ENEMIES. HE HAS CRACKED DOWN ON OPPONENTS, AND CONSOLIDATED POWER. AND, HE COULD USE THIS MOMENT TO DOUBLE DOWN, SAYS CAGAPTAY, WHO'S WRITTEN A NEW BIRAPHY ON ERDOGAN.

>> ERDOGAN KNOWS HE CAN BENEFIT FROM ECONOMIC NATIONALISM. HE HAS A BASE THAT LOVES HIM, THAT ADORES HIM. THAT HALF THAT ADORES HIM IS BUYING INTO THE NARRATIVE THAT HE'S MAKING TURKEY GREAT AGAIN. AND NOW, THEY'RE GOING TO BUY INTO HIS NARRATIVE THAT TURKEY FACES ECONOMIC WAR FROM THE UNITED STATES. HE DID NOT WANT THIS CRISIS, BUT HE KNOWS HE HAS IT NOW, AND HE'LL MAKE BEST USE OF IT. AND THE WAY TO USE IT IS TO BLAME THE UNITED STATES FOR TURKEY'S ECONOMIC COLLAPSE.

>> Reporter: ERDOGAN HAS RALLIED TURKEY WITH PROMISES OF PROSPERITY, POWER, AND PIETY. IF HE IS GOING TO DELIVER, HE LL NEED PRESIDENT TRUMP TO BACK DOWN, OR HE WILL TURN TURKEY AWAY FROM ONE OF ITSS. HISTORIC ALL FOR THE PBS NEWSHOUR, I'M NICK SCHIFRIN. NE

>> Brangham:EAR AGO THIS WEEKEND, HUNDREDS OF WHITE SUPREMACISTS GATHERED IN FOCHARLOTTESVILLE, VIRGINIA RALLY TO PROTEST THE REMOVAL OF CONFEDERATE MONUMENTS. BY THE END OF THE DAY, A COUNTER-PROTESTOR AN POLICE OFFICERS WOULD BE DEAD. IT WAS ONE OF THE DARKEST ACHAPTERS IN RECENT MEMOR LEAD TO A FIRESTORM OF CONTROVERSY THAT ENCOMPASSED THE CITY, THE NATION, AND TH PRESIDENCY. THE NEWSHOUR'S P.J. TOBIA REMINDS US WHAT HAPPENED THAT DAY.

>> Reporter: THE WEEKEND BEGAN WITH A FRIDAY NIGHT, TORCHLIGHT MARCH ON THE HISTORIC GROUNDS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIA'S CAMPUS.

>> YOU WILL NOT REPLACE US. JEWS WILL NOT REPLACE US.

>> Reporter: THE WHITE SUPREMACISTS HAD ARRIVED IN CHARLOTTESVILLE. THE NEXT MORNING, ONE LARGE GROUP GATHERED IN A PARK, AROUND A STATUE OF ROBERT E. LEE. EARLIER THAT SUMMER, LOCALGR OUPS DEMANDED THE STATUE'S REMOVAL. THE RACISTS WERE ARMED WITH STICKS AND HEAVY SHIELDS. ONE HAD A HANDGUN. ON THE STREET, A MUCH LARGER GROUP OF COUNTER-PROTESTORS GATHED, SOME OF THEM CARRYIN PRMEMADE WEAPONS AS WE AS MORE WHITE SUEMACISTS MADE P THEIR WAY TO TARK, THEY CLASHED WITH COUNTER-PROTESTORS. WHAT STARTED AS SMALL SCUFFLESTO SOON TURNED IN A FULL-ON MELEE. ONE COUNTER-PROTESTER, DEANDREIS , WAS SURROUNDED ANDBE ATEN IN A NEARBY PARKING GARAGE. THEN, A FEW MOMENTS OF CALM, AS THE WHITE NATIONALISTS MOSTLY FLED DOWNTOWN.

>> FEAR AND HATE HAVE BEEN GIVEN LICENSE IN OUR COUNTRY. RACIALIZED VIOLENCE HAS BEEN GIVING PERSSION IN THIS COUNTRY. AND WE'RE HERE TO STAND FOR LOVE. TE>> Reporter: BUT ONE WHI SUPREMACIST RETURNED. HE DROVE HIS DODGE CHALLENGER THUGH A CROWD OF COUNTER- PROTESTORS. A SHORT WHILE LATER, I SPOKE TO NEWSHOUR'S HARI SREENIVASAN ABOUT WHAT HAPPENED NEXT. PEOPLE WERE CALLING FOR MEDICS, OTHERE WERE BLOODY PEOPLEN THE STREET, THERE WAS SOMEONE PERFORMING.P.R., A LOT OF PEOPLE HEAVING AND CRYING. 32-YEAR-OLD HEATHER HER WAS KILLED IN THE ATTACK. JAMES ALEX FIELDS JR., THE MAN BEHIND THE WHEEL, IS NOW AWAITING TRIAL FOR MURDER, HATE CRIMES AND OTHER CHARGES. THE CITY WAS GRIEVING. MUCH OF THE NATION WOULD JOIN THEM. FOLLOWING THE ATTACK, PRESIDENT TRUMP GAVE MULTIPLE RESPONSES. BUT, IT WAS TWO DAYS LATER, IN A PRESS CONFERENCE AT TRUMP TOWER IN NEW YORK, WHERE HE SAID THAT THE RACIST GROUPS IN CHARLOTTESVILLE WERE "NOT ALL BAD."

>> YOU HAD SOME VERY BAD PEOPLE Y THAT GROUP, BUT YOU ALSO HAD PEOPLE THAT WERE VNE PEOPLE, ON BOTH SI YOU HAD PEOPLE IN THAT GROUP THAT WERE ERE TO PROTEST THE TAKING DOWN OF A VERY, VERYAT ROPORTANT ST, AND THE RENAMING OF A PAM ROBERT E. LEE TO ANOTHER NAME.

>> Reporter: HE WOULD FACE BIPARTISAN CONDEMNATION FOR THE. REMARK A STATE OF EMERGENCY HAS BEEN DECLARED IN CHARLOTTESVILLE THROUGHOUT THIS WEEKEND, TO PREVENT A REPEAT OF LAST YEAR'S VIOLENCE. FOR THE PBS NEWSHOUR, I'M P.J. TOBIA.

>> Brangham: FOR MORE ON THE AFTERMATH OFAST YEAR'S EVENTS, YESTERDAY I TALKED WITH THREE PEOPLE WHO'VE BEEN WATCHING THIS CLOSELY. I TALKED WITH THE NEWSHOUR'S P.J. TOBIA, WHO'S CONTINUED HIS COVERAGE OF EXTREMIST MOVEMENTS. MARY McCORD IS WITH THE INSTITUTE FOR CONSTITUTIONAL ADVOCACY AND PROTECTION AT GEORGETOWN UNIVERSITY LAWCE ER. SHE FILED A LAWSUIT AGAINST THE GROUPS WHO PARTICIPATED IN THE RALLY. AND LASTLY, I TALKED WITH WES BELLAMY, WHO SS ON CHARLOTTESVILLE'S CITY COUNCIL. I STARTED BY ASKING BELLAMY WHAT'S CHANGED SINCE LAST YEAR.

>> I WOULD LIKE TO THINK OF OUR CITY AS ONE THAT KIND OF KICKED OFF THE AWAKENING OF SORTS. TO BE VERY HONEST, CHARLOTTESVILLE WAS A CITY, IN MY PERSONAL OPINION, THAT CONSISTENTLY PERPETUATED ORN OPERATEDVERT RACISM, SO IT IS THE KIND THAT'S POLITE. IT'S THE KIND THAT MIGHT SMILE IN YOUR FACE. IT'S THE KIND THAT MIGHT SAY, HEY, WE DON'T HAVE THOSE ISSUES HERE, WHEN, IN FACT, WE DO.UI IT'S AROUND A SYSTEM OF SYSTEMATIC OOPPRESSION FOR PEOPLE OF COLOR. WHAT W TRULY OPEN THE EYES OF NOT ONLY OUR COMMUNITY, OUR COUY AND OUR SUING COMMUNITIES, BUT THE NATION FOR THAT MATTER. WHAT WE SEE IS THAT IN OUR CITYING WE'VE RIPPED OFF THE BANDAID. WE'VE LLED THE SCAB OFF THE WOUND, IF YOU WILL, AND NOW WE'RE ABLE TO DO THE SURGERY. FOR THE FIRST TIME EVER, WE HAD TWO AFRICAN AMERICANS ON OUR CITY COUNCIL. FOR THE FIRST TIME EVER WE HAVE AN AFRICAN AMERICAN FEMALE MAYOR. YOU SEE MORE CIVIC ENGAGEMENTOU THANE EVER SEEN. YOU SEE PEOPLE JOINING BOARDS AND COMMISSIONS THAT NORMALLY WOULD NOT HAVE. YOU SEE LITERALLY HUNDREDS OF PEOPLE ATTENDI OUR CITY COUNCIL MEETINGS, PAYING ATTENTION TO DIFFERENT THINGS. MOST IMPORTANT, IN MY OPINION, THE CONVERSATION HAS BEGUN. I WAS GETTING HATE ML AND GETTING PEOPLE UPSET THAT WE WERE HAVING THIS CON SLOW. NOW IN OUR SCHOOLS, AT THE GROCERY STORE, AT OUR PUBLIC PARKS, WHEREVER YOU GO, PEOPLE ARE DEALING WITH THE TOPIC OF RACE, WHITE SUPREMACY, AND JUST THE EFFECT THAT IT HAS ON OUR COMMUNITY. SO IN ORDER FOR US TO MOVE FORWARD, WE HAVE TO HAVE THAT CONVERSATION WHICH WAS WHAT WE'RE DOING NOW, AND NOW WE'RE ABLE TO IMPLEMENT POLICIES TO PUSH US IN A BETTER POSITION.

>> Brangham: P.J. TOBIA, YOUTH COVEREWHITE SUPREMACIST MOVEMENT. YOU WERE AT CHARLOTTESVILLE LAST YEERM I KNOW YOU UNDERSTAND A GREAT DEAL ABOUT THEM.TH FOR THE REST OCOUNTRY, CHARLOTTESVILLE LAST YEAR WAS AN ENORMOUS EYE-OPENER.

>> BY THIS TIME LAST YEAR I HAD BEEN TO MANY WHITE SUPREMACIST, KKK TYPE RALLIES, NATIONAL SOCIAL BUT I HAD NEVER SEEN ANYTHING LIKE THAT. BESIDES THE SHEER NUMBER OF PEOPLE THERE, IT WAS ALSO THE VARIETY OF WHITE SUPREMACISTS AND NATIONALIS. YOU HAD OLD-SCHOOL NEO CONFEDERATES AND ALSO DAVI DUKE, A NAME THAT HASN'T BEEN IN THE HEADLINES SINCE THE EARLY 1990s. MORE IMPORTANTLY YOU HAD THIS NEW GENERATION, THE ALT RIGHT, WHICH PEOPLE WERE JUST LEARNING ABOUT IN THE WER CONVERSATION THAT POINT. AND YOU ALSO HAD ARMED MEN, ANLITIA GROUPS ON THE RIGH THE LEFT, LIB ISRAEL AND CONSERVATIVE, GUYS WHO LOOKED LIKE THEY JUSTTEPPED OUT OF SOLDIER OF FORTUNE WITH LONG GUN, HATS, WRAPAROUND SHES, THE WHOLE THING. AND I THINK THIS REALLY WOKE PEOPLE UP TO A TRE THAT A LOT OF US WHO HAD BEEN COVERING HAD BEEN SEEING THIS FOR A WHILE. THE SURGE IN THESE GROUPS, PRIMARILY ON THE RIGHT, BUT ALSO A LITTLE BIT ON THE LEFT. FAND THEN LATER THAT DAY, COURSE, THE TRAGIC DEATH OF HEATHER HEYER AND THE BEATING OF DEANDRE HARRIS. MY PRODUCER AND I WERE JUST ABOUT 25 YARDS AWAY FROM WHERE THAT HAPPENED, WHERE THAT GRAY D.DODGE PLOWED INTO THE CR IT SOUNDED LIKE A BOMB GOING OFF. WE RAN TO THE SCENE. THERE WERE BROKEN, BLOODY BODIES ON THE STREET, PEOPLE SCREAMING IN PANIC. IT WAS AWFUL, AND ALMOST AS BAD, NEXT DAY I INTERVIEWED ONE OF THE ORGANIZERS OF THE RALLY, HE WAS COMPLETELY UNREPEN NT. HE BLAMED HEATHER HEYER'S DEATH ENTIRE ON CITY OFFICIALS, THE POLICE, AND COUNTERPROTESTERS.

>> Brangham: MARY McCORD, YOU BROUGHT A LAWSUIT ON BEHALF OF MEMBERS OF THE CITY AND BUSINESSES THERE AGAINST SOME ABUSE GROUPS. WHAT WERE YOU YING TO DO?

>> I, LIKE SO MANY PEOPLE AROUND THE WORLD, REALLY WATCHED WITH HORROR AS WE SAW THE EVENTS 11th AND AUGU THEN CONTINUING MUCH WORSE EVEN ON AUGUST 12th. I WAS SORT OF ASTONIO SEE E,CH BRUTALITY, SUCH VIOLE SUCH OPEN, ORGANIZED, COORDINATED USE OF FORCE BY Y THOSE WITHOUT ANY AUTHOR PUBLIC ACCOUNTABILITY. AND I HEARD LOT OF COMMENTS OVER THE WEEKEND OF, WELL, THERE'S A FIRST AMDMENT RIGHT TO FREE EXPRESSION. THERE IS A SECOND AMENDMENT RIGHT THE BEAR ARMS. VIRGINIA IS AN OPEN CARRY STATE.

>> Brangham: MEANING YOU CAN CARRY WEAPONS OPENLY, NO PROBLEM.

>> THAT'S RIGHT. SO WHAT ELSE COULD BE DONE? AND I, BEING A LAWYER, SORT OF SCRATCHED MY HEAD AND SAID, THIS IS NOT THE FIRST AMENDMENT I KNOW OR THE SECOND AMENDMENT THAT I KNOW. THE FIRST AMENDMENT DOESN'T PROTECT VIOLENCE. IT DOESN'T PROTECT THREATS OF VIOLENCE, INTIMIDATION, INCITEMENT TO VIOLENCE. THE SECOND AMENDMENT, THE SUPREME COURT HAS TOLD US IT PROTECTS THE RIGHT OF A INDIVIDUAL TO BEAR ARMS FOR ONE'S OW-DINDIVIDUAL SEENSE. IT DOESN'T PROTECT THE RIGHT TO COLLECTIVELY GROUP TOGETHER AND BARE ARMS AND FORM PRIVATE ARMIES. WE STARTED LOOKING INTO WHAT COULD DO THE TRY THE TAKE THE VIOLENCE OUT DEMONSTRATIONS AND RALLIES. WE KNOW THAT THE CONTENT OF THE SPEECH AS ABHORRENT AS IT MAY BE TO SO MANY OF US, THAT OF THE WHE SUPREMACISTS AND WHITE NATIONALIST, THAT PART IS VIOTECTED. BUT THENCE, THIS COORDINATED USE OF ARMS IS NOT.:

>> BrangES, YOU IN CHARLOTTESVILLE HAVE TO DEAL WITH RACIAL ISSUES 364 DAYS, ALL THE OTHER 364 DAYS OF THE YEAR. HOW ARE YOU GUYS DOING?

>> SURE. THERE'S BEEN PROGRESS, BUT I DEFINITELY WOULD SAY THERE IS NOWHERE NEAR ENOUGH, RIGHT? AND IT'S A CONSISTENT ING. WHEN YOU'RE TRYING TO RIGHT THE WRONG OF NEARLY 400 YEARS OF SYSTEMATIC OPPRESSION. SO THAT KI OF CHANGE DOES NOT OCCUR OVERNIGHT. I THINK THAT'S PART OF WHAT MADE A LOT OF THESE WTE SUPREMACISTS SO UPSET. THEY WANT TO COME TO SHAR LOTSVILLE IN ADDITION TOHE FACT THAT THERE IS AN EMPOWERMENT AND AN AWAKENING BETWEEN OUR WHITE ALLIES, WHO ARE ALSO SEEING THERE IS AN ISSUE HERE. WHEN YOU PUT ALL OF THAT TOGETHER, THAT'S WHEN WE REALLY START TO BE THE CHANGE AND MAKEU THE CHANGEIT DOESN'T HAPPEN OVERNIGHT. IT'S A LONG PROCESS. THIS IS A MARATHON. BUT AS LONG AS WE ARE COMMITTED TO WINNING THIS RACE, WE CAN TAKE A PUNCH ITHE FACE LIKE WE D LAST YEAR. BUT WE WILL INDEED WIN THIS FIGHT.

>> Brangham: P.J., AS WE APPROACHED THIS ANNIVERSARY, THIS WEEKEND, THERE'S SUPPOSEDLY ANOTHER ONE OF THESE WHITE SUPREMACIST RALLIES PLANNED FOR D.C., BUT I KNOW YOU HAVE BEEN FOLLOWING THIS ALL YEAR LONG. WHAT HAS HAPPENED TO THE MOVEMENT. THIS SO-CALLED ALT RIGHT MOVEMENT.

>> CHARLOTTESVILLE SHINED A WHITE-HOT LIGHT ON THI GENERATION OF LEADERS. MOST OF THEM WILL SIT UNDERNEATH IT. MOST OF THE GROUPS COMPLETELY DISINTEGTED IN THE FOLLOWING WEEKS AND MONTHS, EITHER THROUGH IN-FIGHTING OR LEGAL MECHANISMS BY FOLKS LIKE MARY McCORD ANDOT R PRIVATE CITIZENS, OR THEY WERE DOCKED. THEIR PRIVATE INFORMATION, THEIR HOME ADDRESSES, THEIR PLAC OF BUSINESSES, THEIR FAMILY TIES WERE RELEASED ON THE INTERATT. GUESS PEOPLE DON'T LIKE ASSOCIATING WITH WHITE SUPREMACISTS, WHITE NATIONALISTS, KLANSMEN AND SKINHEADS. AND GROUPS LEARNED ANOTHER LESSON -- STREET FIGHTING WILL GET YOU MEDIA ATTENTIO FOLLOWERS, AND RESOURCES. SO THEY MARCH AROUND SOMIMES ARMED, AND PART OF THE GOAL IS TO DRAW OUT LEFT-WING PROTESTE AND SOME VIOLENT LEFT-WING PROTESTERS AND OTHERS. AND THAT'S WHEN, AGAIN, IT DISINTEGRATES INTO VIOLENCE ON CITY STREETS. IT'S REALLY PART OF THEIR GOAL. E Brangham: P.J. MENTIONED, MARY, SOME OF THHER RALLIES THAT ARE GOING ON. TVE OTHER CITIES AND OTHER AREAS IN THE COUNTEN THE 'VSSONS AND SOME OF THE SPECIFIC INJUNCTIONS THAT YPUT IN PLACE IN CHARLOTTESVILLE, ARE THOSE LESSONS BEING LEARNED ELSEWHERE?

>> THEY ARE. WE HOPE FOR THERE TO BE MORE OF THAT. SO THE LAWSUIT WAS BAS ACTUALLY ON A CONSTITUTIONAL PROVISION IN VIRGINIA THAT SAYS IN ALL CASES THE MILITARY SHOULE BE UNDERTRICT SUBORDINATION OF THE CIVIL POWER. THAT MEANS NO PRIVATE MILITARY. WE ALSO BROUGHT IT UNDER A NUMBER OF STATE CRIMINAL STATUT THAT BAR PARAMILITARY ACTIVITY, WHICH IS DEFINED IN THE STATUTE AS ESSENTIALLY ORGANIZING TWO OR MORE PEOPLE TE COORDIHEIR USE OF WEAPONS IN FURTHERANCE OF A CIVIL DISORDERRER IN A WAY THAT'S CAPABLE OF INJURY OR DEATH AND WE ALSO BROUGHT PUBLIC NUISANCE CLAIMS. AND ONE THING THAT WE FOUND IS THAT THESE STATES, WE THEN, AFTER WE BROUGHT THIS LITIGATION, WE DID A 50-STATE SURVEY. AND WE SAW THAT THAT CONSTITUTIONAL PROVISION EXISTS IN 48-ATE CONSTITUTIONS.

>> Woodruff: SO THEY COULD APPLY IT AS IT WAS DONE IN VIRGINIA?

>> THEY CAN APPLY IT. BUT OTHER CITIES DON'T HAVE THE WAIT AND USE LITIGATION. OTHER CITIES CAN PROACTIVELY USE THESE SOURCES, THESE STATUTES AND CONSTITUTIONAL PROVISIONS BECAUSE 28 STATES HAVE ONE TYPE OF ANTI-PARAMILITARY ACTIVITY STATUTE, 25 STATES HAVE ANOTHER TYPE. ALMOST EVERY TYPE HAS SOMETHING. THEY CAN USE THOSE LEGAL AUTHORITIES AS THE BASIS FOR CONDITIONS OF PERMITS OR RESTRICTIONS IN MITED GEOGRAPHICAL AND TIME AREAS TO COINCIDE WITH RALLIES AND DEMONSTRATIONS THAT ARE CONCERNED THEY MIGHT BE VIOLENT.

>> WE'VE SEEN INTERNET COMPANIES DO THE SAME THING. PAYPAL HAS PROHIBITED THESE GROUPS FROM TRANSFERRING MONEYND TO EACH OTHER,OMPANIES THAT HOST SERVERS WEB SITES HAVE PULLED DUNN THEIR WEB SITES. SO IT BASICALLY CHOKES OFF THE OXYGEN, WHETHER IT'S A MONEY OR AN INFORMATION SUPPLY FOR THESE GROUPS TO INTERACT AND GROW.

>> Braham: BELLAMY, WE'RE HEARING A LOT OF THINGS THAT HAVE HAPPENED IN THE LAST YEAR, THEY'RE TRYING TO ADDRESS SOME OF THE PROBLEMS THAT WERE REVEALED A YEAR AGO. WHAT D HAFT UNDONE?'S STILL

>> WELL, I THINK W TO CONTINUE TO MOVE FORWARD IN REGARDS TO ADDRESSING ISES SURROUNDING EQUITY. SO TRE IS A DIFFERENCE BETWE EQUITY AND EQUALITY. I THINK THAT THOSE TWO TERMS GET MIXED UP. SO EQUALITY IS ESSENTIALLY PROVIDING EVERYONE WITH THE EXACT SAME THING AND SAYING, HEY, YOU ALL ARE EQUAL. GO DO WHAT YOU NEED TO DO. BUT EQUITY ACTUALLY HITS AT WHAT IS TRULY THE ISSUE, SPECIFICALLY WITHIN OUR COMMUNITY, BECAUSE THEN THE SYSTEMATIC LEVEL OF OPPRESSION TT'S BEEN OVER A GROUP OF PEOPLE FOR GENERATIONSE SO EQUITY WOUL THAT IF WE'RE ALL RUNNING A RACE, I MAY HAVE TO JUMP OVER TEN DIFFERENT HURDLES IN THE 100 METER DASH WHILE YOU CAN RUN STRAIGHT. SO OF COURSE YOU'LL BEAT ME THERE. SO WE HAVE TO LOOK AT HOW DO WE ADDRESS THAT. SPECIFICALLY LOOKING ATFO ABLE HOUSING, SPECIFICALLY DEALING WITH THOSE WHO MAY BE MORE MODERATE IN TERMS OF HOW THEY WANT TO DEAL WITH TOPICS OF RACE. I'M PROUD OF OUR COMMUNITY FORNG AT LEAST BILLING TO DEAL WITH IT, BUT NOW FOR SOME OF THOSE WHO STILL FEEL UNCOMFORTABLE WITH THE TOPIC OF RACE, EVEN AFTER SOMEONE WAS KILLED, HOW DO WE DEAL WITH THEM. HOW DO WE DEAL WITH THOSE WHO POE IN POSITIONS OF INFLUENCE ANR WHO STILL CHOOSE TO SAY, WELL, DON'T BELIEVE THAT L ITE SUPREMACISTS CAME HERE BECAUSE THEY WERE D, OR THOSE WHO SAY AT 45 THERE ARE EROD PEOPLE ON BOTH SIDES. THERE ARE NO SIDESTHIS IS EITHER RIGHT OR WRONG. AND IF YOU BELIEVE THAT THE WHITE SUPREMACIST, THOSE WHO ACTUALLY CAME HERE AND KILLED SOMEE, ARE OKAY, OR YOU BELIEVE THAT THEY HAVE A RIGHT TO BE ABLE TO JUST WALK AIMLESSLY WITH GUNS OR DO WHATEVER IT IS THEY WANT TO DO ANSWER THIS OKAY FOR THEM TO DO THIS IN OUR COMMUNITY, THEN WE'RE NOT ON THE SAME SIDE.

>> Brangham: I THANK ALL THREE OF YOU FOR BEING HERE. WES BELLAMY, P.J. TOBIA, MAR McCORD, THANK YOU.

>> THANK YOU.

>> THANKS.

>> Brangham: NOW, WE TURN TO THE ANALYSIS OF BROOKS AND MARCUS. THAT'S "NEW YORK TIMES" COLUMNIST DAVID BROOKS, AND "WASHINGTON POST" DEPUTY EDITORIAL PAGE EDITOR RUTH MARCUS. MARK SHIELDS IS YAY. WELCOME BOTH. SO AS WE WERE JUST HEARING, THIS WEEKEND IS THE ONE-YEAR ANNIVERSARY OF THE SPASM OF RACISM THAT WE SAW IN CHARLOTTESVILLE. DAVID,'M CURIOUS, THE ESIDENT, WE SAW WHAT HIS REACTION WAS A YEAR AGO.E' SINCE THENCONTINUED A STEADY STREAM OF RACIALLYCH GED RHETORIC, CRITICIZING IMMIGRANTS, LINKING THEM WITH CRIME AND S.-13, CRITICIZING N.F.L. PLAYERS. Y IN THIS PAR, IS IT YOUR SENSE THAT ANYTHING HAS CHANGED T THAT REGARD?

>> NOT WITH DONAMP. WHITE IDENTITY POLITICS HAS BEEN HIS CALLING CARD FOR A LONG, LONG TIME, MAYBE STRETCHING BACK GENERATIONS FOR THE TRUMP FAMILY. THE INSTITUTE OF FAMILY STUDIES ASKED HOW MANY PEOPLE ACTUALLY HAMPATHIZE WITH WHAT THE ALT RIGHT STOOD FOR,THE PEOPLE IN CHARLOTTESVILLE STOOD FOR. THEY IDENTIFIED THREE CORE BELIEFS.TH FIRST WAS, DO YOU HAVE A STRONG SENSE OF WHITE IDENTITY? DO YOU HAVE A BELIEF IN THE IMPORTANCE OF WHITE SOLIDARITY, THAT ALL WHITE PEOPLE SHOULD STICK TOGETHER. AND DO YOU HAVE A SENSE OF WHITE VICTIMIZATION, AND 6% OF AMERICANS SHARE THOSE THREE BELIEFS. SO THAT'S A CORSET OF PEOPLE WHO HAVE HIGH -- ONE WOULD SAY A HIGH DEGREE OF WHITE IDENTITY VERGING INTO RACISM. AND SO THAT'S A GROUP OF PEOPLE WHO CAN BE WHIPPED UP. THEN THERE IS A LARGER GROUP THAT SHARE ONE OF THOSE THINGS. BUT TO ME DONALD TRUMP'S MAINUR FAIS CONSTANTLY WHIPPING UP THAT SENSE OF WHITE IDENTITY. NO MANY REPUBLICANS EVEN 20 YEARS AGO THOUGHT THAT BNG WHITE WAS A STRONG PART OF THEIR IDENTITY. NOW IT'S 55%. HE STIRR THAT UP. THE SECOND PROBLEM IS YOU JUST CAN'T HAVE A PARTY THAT'S VESICALLY ALL WHITE. BECAUSE WHEN YOUAY RACIAL PROBLEMS WITH OUR POLITICAL PROBLEMS, YOU GET INSTAN POISON. AND SO THE FAILURE TO DOAN HING ABOUT THAT IS BY ITSELF A GIGANTIC PROBLEM.

>> Woodruff:

>> Brangm: RUTH, DO YOU SEE ANY GOOD NEWS IN THAT? 6% DOES SEEM LIKE AN ENORMOUS NUMBER OF PEOPLE IDENTIFYING ILTH WHITE SUPREMACY. MAYBE THERE IS AR LINING THERE?

>> I SEE SOME GOOD NEWS IN THE RESPONSE OF THE AMERICAN PEOPLE IN THE LAST YEAR. FIRST GOOD NEWS WAS THE RESPONSE TO CHARLOTTESVILLE AND TO THE PRESIDENT'S RESPONSE T CHARLOTTESVILLE, WHERE MOST PEOPLE, IN FACT, MANY PEOPLE IN HIS ADMINISTRATION, SOME PUBLICLY RECOILED AT THE PRESIDENT'S ASRTION THAT THERE WERE FINE PEOPLE ON BOTH SIDES. I THINK IN RECENT MONTHSE'VE SEEN A SLOW-MOTION VERSION OF CHARLOTTESVILLE AS PEOPLE HAVE RECOILED FM THE FAMILY SEPARATION POLICY. AND ITS RACIAL OVERTONES. WE ARE BETTER AS A PEOPLE, DESPITE THAT 6%, THAN OUR PRESIDENT. THE BAD NEWS IS THAT AS DAVID SAID, THE PRESIDENT HAS NOT BEEN CHASTENED. THE PRESIDENT HAS NOT BEEN CHASTENED IN THE LAST YEAR. HE HAS JUST CONTINUED TO DO WHAT HAS DONE ALL ALONG.

>> Brangham: MEANING HE HASN'T SUFFERED POLITICAL REPERCUSSIONS.

>> HE HASN'T SUFFERED POLITICAL REPERCUSSION, AND HE HAS GONE ON HIS MERRY VERY UGLY WAY, AND IT'S NOT T 6% THAT I WORRY OUT. IT'S PEOPLE WHO DO NOT THINK OF THEMSELVES AS RACIST, PEOPLE WHO THINK OF THEMSELVES AS DECENT PEOPLE, WOULD NOT SUBSCRIBE TO THOSE EXTREME VIEW, BUT THERE IS A WAY IN WHICH THE PRESIDENT'S RHETORIC S-HOLE COUNTRIES, ABOUT ANIMALS, AND HIS ACTIONS LIKE FAMILY SEPARATN IS LEGITIMIZED AND KIND OF ENCOURAGED A BELIEF IN SOME PEOPLE FOR ALLOWING COMMENTS LIKE LAURA INGRAHAM'S COMMENTS JUST THE OTHER DAY D OUT IMMIGRANTS TO BE VIE SOMEHOW MORE ACCEPTABLE THAN THEY WERE BEFORE DONALD TRUMP. AND ONE LAST THING, THE NUMBERS BARE IT OUT THERE. WAS A RECENT PL, 57% OF PEOPLE THOUGHT RACE RELATIO HAVE GOTTEN WORSE UNDER DONALD TRUMP.

>> Brangham: GOTTEN WORSE?

>> 57%. I NEED TO POINT OUT, 37% THOUGHT THEY GOT WORSE UNDER BARACK OBAMA, AS WELL. I ERTAINLY THINK THEY'VE GOTTEN WORSE, EVEN MEASURING BYE SEGREGATION . WE'RE MUCH MORE SEGREGATED IN SCHOOLS. THE POLITICAL THING -- ON THE LAURA INGRAHAM COMMENT. THIS IS LAURA, THE FOX NEWSE HOST, NT ON A DIATRIBE THE OTHER DAY SAYING THAT IT IS UNDENIABLE THAT AMERICA IS CHANGING AND IT'S LARGELY DUE TO DEMOGRAPHICS AND THESE OPEN BORDERS AND DEMOCRATSEEM TO CELEBRATE IT AND IT'S A CATASTROPHE.

>> NOBODY ASKED US. SHE SAID IT'S LEGAL AND ILLEGAL IMMIGRION. IT'S A PURE PLAY OF WE USED TO BE WHITE AND NOW WE'RE LESS SO.

>> NOT TOO SUBTLE.

>> I'M PERFECTLY WILLING TO HAVE A DEBATE ABOUT IMMIGRATION, BUT WHEN IT'S CONSTANTLY ACCOMPANIED BY RACIAL SUPERIORITY AND US-THEM THINKING AND RACIAL CRIES, YOU CAN'T EVEN HAVE THAT DEBATE. THAT'S WHY TRUMP IS SO POISONOUS. BECAUSE HE REALLY PREVENTS US FROM HAVING A DEBATE ON IMMIGRATION.LL SO YOU'RE BASIBEING ASKED TO SIDE WITH RACIST TENDENCI R.

>> BranghaHT. LET'S TALK ABOUT THE PRIMARIES THAT'S HAPPENED THIS WEEK. THIS IS OUR LAST BIG L THE ELECTORATE'S INTERESTS UNTIL THE MID-TERMS. SOME OF THOSE RACES ARE STILL UNDECIDED. VERYONE IS PAYING ATTENTION. RUTH, WHAT DID YOU GLEAN OUT OF THAT THIS WEEK?

>> THE PRESIDENT SS HE'S JUST ROLLED UP THE VICTORIES AND A RED WAVE IS COMING. I THINK THE DEMOCRATS CAN GO HOME.

>> Brangham: I SENSE SOME BIOUS.

>> AS IN HORSESHOE, ALMOST DOESN NOT IN WINNING ELECTIONS, N ASSUME THAT FOR THE MOMENT THAT THE REPUBLILL WIN IN OHIO 12. THE PROBLEWITH A REPUBLICAN ALMOST LOSING THERE, IF HE DOES, IS THAT IS A VERY, VERY DANGEROUS SIGN IN THAT SEAT, A SEAT THAT HAS BEEN REPUBLICAN FOR THE LAST 36 YEARS. THAT IS MORE REPUBLICAN THAN MANY OTHER SEATS, ABOUT 60-SOMETHING SEATS THAT ARE IN PLAY IN NOVEMB. THAT IS A VERY SCARY SIGN, AND YOU HAVE TO BE DONALD TRUMP AND ONLY SEE IT ON VICTORIES TO BE IGNORING IT. Woodruff: DO YOU THINK THE G.O.P. IS IN TROUBLE?

>> YEAH. FOR THE SAME REASON. THAT LAST TIME THIS SEAT WAS, OPE REPUBLICANS WON BY TEN POINTS. THEY REDISTRICTED TO MAKE IT MORE REPUBLICAN.UT AND ASSAID, WHEN YOU HAVE 59 MORE VULNERABLE SEATS IN THIS ONE, YOU ARE IN TROUBLE. AND MORE IMPORTANT W WAY THIS ONE BECAME CLOSE. REPUBLICANS ARE DON G PRETTY WELLRAL AREAS. THEY STILL ARE DOING THAT. THE TRUMP BASES PRETTY SOLID. EY ARE ALWAYS DOING POORLY IN THE CITIES, BUT IT'S THE SUBURBAN COUNTIES AROUND LUMBUS. IT'S THE SUBURBAN COUNTIES THAT TENDED TO HAVE BEEN REPUBLICAN, WHETHER IT'S LOUDON COUNTY IN VIRGINIA OR AROUND DENVER AND FORT COLLI AND THOSE AREAS. THOSE USED TO BE REPUBLICAN AREAS. THEY A PLACES THAT ARE GROWING, THAT BENEFIT FROM GLOBALIZATION, AND THAT ARE PRETTY ETHNICALLY DIVERSE. THEY'RE ENTERPRISING PEOPLE WHO WORK IN A SUBURBAN OFFICE PARK. DONALD TRUMP SPEAKS TO THOSE PEOPLE NOT AT ALL. SO TO THOSE PEOPLE, IT'S NOT JUST TRUMP, IT'S ALMOST THE REPUBLICAN PARTY WHO IS LOSING WHAT IS THE ENTERPRISING SIDE OF THAT PARTY. AND WHEN YOU DO THAT, YOU BECOME A MINORITY PARTY.

>> Brangham: WHAT HAPPENED TO THE SO-CALLED SANDERS-OS CASIO-CORTEZ SLICE OF THE PARTY. THEY DIDN'T DO QUITE AS WELL EITHER. T

>> WELL,NK REPORTS OF A CIVIL WAR IN THE DEMOCRATIC PARTY AND REPORTS OF A HUGE RUPTURE THAT WILL LE DEMOCRATS IN PERIL IN NOVEMBER, AT LEAST AS OF THE RESULTS OF TUESDAY NIGHT, ARE GREATLY EXAGGETED. A CANDIDATE WHO WAS THE CHALLENGER, WHO HAD SORT OF BEEN THE CHALLENGER IN THE MICHIGAN GUBERNATORIAL RACE, WHLOOKED LIKE HE WAS REALLY A SERIOUS BYREAT TO THE MORE ESTABLISHMENT CANDIDATE, A WOMANHE WAY, SOMETHING WE NEED THE TALK ABOUT. LOST SIGNIFICANTLY. SOME OTHER MORE ESTABLISHMENTAT CAND HELD ON. SO IT'S NOT THAT THE DEBATE IN THE DEMOCRATIC PARTY HAS BEEN RESOLVED ANDE'RE BACK TO BILL CLINTON'S THIRD-WAY CENTRISM. FAR FROM IT. BUT THIS WAS, FOR THOSE WHO WORRY NOT ABOUT PURITY BUT ABOUN WINNING AND WIIN THE KINDS OF DISTRICTS THAT DAVID TALKED OOUT, WHERE YOU ARE GOING HAVE TO ATTRACT, AMONG OTHERS, COLLEGE-EDUCATED WHITE WOMEN WHO MAY BE KIND OF SWINGISH REPUBLICAN VOTERS, THIS IS -- TUESDAY NIGHT WAS GOOD NEWS FOR KIND OF MODATDEMOCRATS AND GOOD NEWS FOR DEMOCRATS OVERALL, BECAUSE I THINK IF CORTEZ CAN WIN IN HER DISTRT T, BUT SHE CAN IN DISTRICTS DEMOCRATS NEED TO WIN IN TO TAKE OVER THE HOUSE.

>> Brangham: RIGHT. I WANT TO SHIFT GEARS FOR A SECOND. JUST THE OTHER DAY THE E.P.A. WAS SWATTED DOWN BAY FEDERAL DISTRICT COURT THAT ARGUED ITIG HARED SCIENCE ABOUT A DANGEROUS PESTICIDE AND REVERSE COURSE. THE E.P.A. HAS IGNORED THENC SCABOUT CLIMATE CHANGE EQUALLY UNDER THE TRUMP ADNISTRATION. HERE WE HAVE AN ENORMOUS SLICE OF THE COUNTRY IN A TERRIBLE DROUGHT.RE THERE ARE 100 IN 16 OR 13 STATES, AND YET THE COTION . OUT CLIMATE CHANGE AND OUR NATIONAL POLICY IS JUST DOES NOT SEEM TO EXIST.

>> WELL, IF YOU'RE AN ENVIRONMENTALIST, THERE'S GOOD NEWS AND BAD NEWS. THE BAD NEWS IS THE TRUMP ADMINISTRATION IS TRYING TO ROLL BACK A LOT OF REGULATIONS. THE BAD NEWS IS THEY'RE NOT VERY GOOD AT IT. SO JUST THIS WEEK ONE OF THE REGULATIONS GOT OVERTURNED BY THE JUDGE. I THINK IT WAS THE SEVENTH OR EIGHTH MAJOR REGULATIONAU OVERTURNED B THEY'RE NOT DOING IT VERY WELL. IF YOU EXPECT THEM TO DO ANSOMETHING ABOUT CLIMATE , THEY'RE NOT GOING TO DO IT BECAUSE THEY DON'T TAKE THE PROBLEM SERIOUSLY. IF WE CONTINUED OBAMA POLICIES, I'M NOT SURE IT WOULD MAKE ANY DIFFERENCE TO THE FOREST FIRES AND TO THE HEAT WAVE. THIS IS A PROBLEM I PERSONALLY THINK WE'LL HAVE TO FIND SOME TECHNOLOGICAL SOLUTION, CAUSE I DO NOT SEE A POLITICAL SOLUTION COMING OUT OF THIS, BUT TRUMP IS CERTAINLY NOT HELPING.

>> Brangham: I DON'T MEAN TO BRING THIS BACK THE POLITICS,A BUT IS THINCTION OF POLITICS THAT THERE ISN'T A CONSTITUENCY THAT CARES ENOUGH ABOUT THIS TO MAKE IT A FRONT-BURNER ISSUE.

>> PARDON THE PUN. T Brangham: PARDON THE PUN.

>> I THINK IT'S TH TRUMP VEMINISTRATION CAME IN ON CLEAR DEREGULATORY AGENDA.IN I THEY'VE BEEN -- THE COURTS HAVE INRFERED A LOT. COURTS CAN BE PESKY THINGS, AS THE TRUMP ADMINISTRATION HAS A LEARNED, BUT F OF HIS FOIBLES, SCOTT PRUITT, ETHICAL MISSPS AND GLAD HE'S GONE. SCOTT PRUITT IS AN EXTRAORDINARILY EFFECTIVE E.P.A. ADMINISTRATOR IN TERMS OF TRYING TO UNDO THESE REGULATIONS. CLIMATE CHANGE DID NOT HAPPEN OVERNIGHT. IT CANNOT BE SOLVED IN A SINGLE PRESIDENT'S TERM, BUT ONE OF THE MOST FRUSTRANG THINGS IS, AND YOU LOOK AT THIS PESTICIDE RULING, I THINK IT'S TAKEN TEN YEARS TO GET THIS PESTICIDE BAN. THINK ABOUT THE TIME IT IS GOING TO TAKE TO IMPLEMENT THE CHANGES THAT WE NEED TO IMPLEMENT IN ORDER TO ADDRESS GLOBAL WARMING. EVEN IF TECHNOLOGY WILL HELP, BUT WE NEED TO IMPLEMENT SOME REGULATORY CHANGES. THE TRUMP ADMINISTRATION'S EFFORT TO SLOW THAT DOWN JUST STEALS TIME THAT THE PLANET NEEDS AT PRECISELY THE TIME THAT IT'S BECOME COMPLETELY CLEAR THE ALL OF US BREATHING THIS AIR FEELING THIS HEAT, WATCHING THESE FIRES BURN, WE DON'T HAVE THAT LUXURY OF THAT TIME.

>> Brangham: LASTLY, ONE QUICK T TURN, DAVI ADMINISTRATION RACTED SOME NEW POTENTIALLY TOUGHER SANCTIONS SIA, AND LAST WEEK THEY MADE A VERY BIG SHOW OF CRACKING DOWN ON RUSSI MEDDLING IN THE UPCOMING ELECTIONS. DOES IT MATTER THAT THE PRESIDENT, AS MANY OF HIS CRITICS POINT OUT, REFUSES TO STEP UP AND PUBLICLY CHASTISE VLADIMIR PUTIN? DOES IT MATTER THAT THERE IS A DISBETWEEN THE ADMINISTRATION SEEMINGLY AND THE PRESIDENT?

>> YES. YOU KNOW, OUR POLICYS MICROTOUGH AND MACRO SOFT. WHAT THE PRESIDENT SAYS ULTITELY MATTERS BECAUSE TO SMALL ISSUES, SOME OF THESE SANCTIONS ARE PRETLA MODERATE. THST ROUND ARE PRETTY MODERATE. BUT THE CRUCIAL QUESTION IS: DOES VLAMIR PUTIN FEEL INTIMIDATED FROM INTERFERING IN OUR ELECTIONS? THERE IS NO POSSIBLE WAY HE FEELS INTIMIDATED.

>> Brangham: THAT'S BECAUSE YOU THINK THE PRESIDENT IS NOT SAYING PUBLICLY --

>> THAT'S BECAUSE THE PRESIDENT SEEMS TO BE ON HIS SIDE IN A LOT OF THINGS. AND B, WHATEVER HAPPENS IN THE INTERNAL WORKINGS OF THE WHITE HOUSE, CAN GO TO SOME DEGREE OF SIZE. BUT THEY WILL NOT BECOME A MASSIVE AND IMPORTANT POLICY. SO THERE WILL BE LITTLE PUBLICS THAT PUTIN MAY FEEL, BUT IN TERMS OF THE BIG ISSUE, IS HE SCARED OF US, CAN'T BE.

>> Brangham: WHAT DO YOU MAKE OF THAT?DS JUST A FEW SECEFT.

>> IT MATTERS BOTH WHAT THE PRESIDENT SAYS AND WHAT THE ADMINISTRATION DOES. WHAT THE ADMINISTRATION HAS DONE VIS-A-VIS PUTIN, THERE ARE SOME IMPRESSIVE, LAUDABLE PARTS OF THAT, BUT PRESIDENTIAL RHETORIC MATTERS, NOT JUST FOR THE IMPAC ON PUTIN, BUT E IMPACT ON OTHER AUTHORITARIAN LEADERS WHO WATCH WHAT THEY CAN GET AWAY RCTH.

>> Brangham: RUTH , DAVID BROOKS, THANK YOU BOTH VERY MUCH.

>> Brangham: FINALLY TONIGHT WITH HEIGHTENED ATTENTION BEING GIVEN TO SURVEILLANCE AND SPYING, JEFFREY BR AN TAKES A LOAN ARTIST WHOSE LANDSCAPES OFTEN CONTAIN MORE THAN MEETS THE EYE.

>> Brown: WHAT DO YOU SEE WHEN YOU LOOK UP AT THE NIGHT SKY? FOR TREVOR PAGLEN, THERE'S BEAUTY AND WONDER, BUT SOMETHING MORE.

>> I SEE A PLANET THAT HAS BEEN COMPLETELY TRANSFORMED BY THE HUMANS, ANTRANSFORMED IN PARTICULAR KINDS OF WAYS. LOOKING AT WHO IS PUTTING THINGS SPACE, FOR WHAT REASON. WHAT IS THE HISTORY OF THAT? WHAT IS THE LEGACY OF THAT? HOW HAVE WE TRANSFORMED THE SKY? AND WHAT IS THE IMPLICATIONS OF THAT?

>> Brown: PAGLEN IS AN ARTIST SHOWING US WHAT HE CALLS A "LANDSCAPE OF SURVEILLANCE:" SATELLITES ORBITING THE PLANET. MILITARY INSTALLATIONS OFF THE GRID. CABLES UNDER THE SEA. INTELLIGENCE AND INFORMATION GATHERING, HIDDEN IN PLAIN SIGHT, LIKE A TINY DOT IN A GORGEOUS PHOTO OF THE NEVADA SKY THAT TURNS OUT TO BE A DRONE. HIS NEW EXHIBITION AT THE SMITHSONIAN AMERICAN ART MUSEUM IN WASHINGTON IS CALLED "SITES UNSEEN." S, WHAT WE SEE IS MOSTLY VERY FAMILIAR LANDSCAUT WE ALSO SEE A LOT OF VERY UNFAMILIAR LANDSCAPES THAT WE DON'T RECOGNIZE AS SUCH.LE IT'S JUSARNING HOW TO SEE THE ENVIRONMENTS THAT WE LIVE IN, LEARNING HOW TO SEE THE MOMENT IN HISTORY WE LIVE IN. AND I ACTUALLY THINK THAT'S A LOT HARDER TO DO THAN WE IMAGINE IT.

>> Brown: WE'RE SEEING IT, BUT YOU'RE SAYING WE'RNOT SEEING IT

>> THAT'S WHAT I MEAN BY "SITES UNSEEN!" WE'RE SEEING IT, BUT WE'RE NOT RECOGNIZING IT.

>> BrownPAGLEN COMBINES ELEMENTS OF PHOTOGRAPHY, SCIENCE, AND INVESTIGATIVE JOURNALISM-- HE HAS A Ph.D IN GEOGRAPHY AS WELAS A MASTERS IN ART-- AND HIS WORK, EXHIBITED IN GALLERIES AND MUSEUMS WORLDWIDE, WON HIM A MIPARTHUR FELLOWTHE SO-CALLED "GENIUS AWARD" IN 2017. NE SEES HIMSELF IN A LONG OF LANDSCAPE ARTISTS, AND SOMETIMES MAKES DIRECT CONNECTIONS SUCH AS ANSEL ADAMS, FOR EXAMPLE, IN THIS YOSEMITE SCENE. BUT IN PAGLEN'S AGE, THE MOVEMENTS OF SATELLITES SH UP IN THE SKY OVERHEAD.

>> YOU'RE HAVING A CONVERSATION WHEN YOU'RE AN ARTIST WITH ALL THE PEOPLE THAT ARE ALIVE TODAY, BUT YOU'RE ALSO HAVING ASA CONVON WITH YOUR ANCESTORS. HOW DID THEY SEE IT IN THEIR MOMENT IN TIME? HOW DO WE SEE IT IN OUR MOMENT IN TIME?

>> Brown: AND HOW MUCH CAN WE SEE? PAGLEN TOOK THESE PHOTOGRAPHS OF MILITARY ITALLATIONS IN THE WEST FROM AS MANY AS 50 MILES AWAY, USING TELESCOPIC LENSES. HE BREAKS NO SECURITY ORG TRESPASSWS. HEAT WAVES CREATE A DISTORTION EFFECT HE LIKES.

>> YOU'RE LOOKING THROUGH SO MUCH HEAT AND SO MUCH HAZE THATI THT ITSELF IS FALLING APART, THE IMAGE IS FALLING APART. AND FOR ME, THAT BECOMES A KIND OF METAPHOR. YOU KNOW, WHAT DO WE ACTUALLY LEARN FROM LOOKING AT IMAGES? WHAT DO IMAGES TELL US, AND WHAT DO THEY OBSCURE? SID I WANT MAKE IMAGES THAT HAVE THAT T WITHIN THEM, THAT DON'T OBVIOUSLY REVEAL THEMSELVES IN ONE WAY.

>> Brown: SOMETIMES, THE TENSION HIN'T OBVIOUS AT ALL, LIKE SEEMINGLY PROSAIC LONG ISLAND BEACH SCENE.GR

>> THE PHOH IS A LITTLE BIT OF A TRICK, IN THE SENSE THAT THERE IS NO EVIDENCE OF THE THING I'M ACTULY TRYING TO PHOTOGRAPH IN THE IMAGE. YOU CANNOT SEE THE THING. Brown: THE "THING" IS UNDERWATER. THIS IS WHERE TRANSATLANTIC FIBE.OPTIC CABLES COME ASHORE PAGLEN AND HIS COLLEAGUES STUDIED TELECOM MAPS AND OCEAN CURRENTS, ANLEARNED TO SCUBA DIVE TO TAKE THESE PHOTOGRAPHS OF WHAT HE CALLS "THE INFRTRUCTURE OF THE INTERNET THE INFORMATION FLOW THAT CAN BE SWEPT UP BY SURVEILLANCEFFORTS AND ALL OUT OF SIGHT OF THE BEACHGOERS. DO YOU WANT THESE PEOPLE AT THE BEACH, WHO COULD BE ANY OF US, TO KNOW WHAT'S GOING WHILE THEY'RE ENJOYING THEIR DAY AT THE BEACH?>> HILE THEY ENJOY THEIR DAY AT THE BEACH, I DON'T REALLY CARE WHAT THEY THINK ABOUT. BUT I THINK THAT AS A CULTURE, YEAH, WE SHOULD BE PAYING ATTENTION TO WHAT'S GOING ON. WE SHOULD BE PAYING ATTENTION TO THE THINGS THAT ARE SHAPING WHAT THE REST OF OUR LIVEARE GOING TO BE LIKE AND WHAT OUR CHILDREN'S LIVES ARE GOING TO BE LIKE.

>> Brown: PAGLEN LOVES TO COLLECT THE ODD CODE NAMES ANDEM EMATTACHED TO THOUSANDS OF SECRET PROGRAMS., THO, BECOME PART OF HIS ART. HE'S WORKED OFTEN WITH INVESTIGATIVE JOURNALISTS. HIS FOOTAGE OF N.S.A. BASES WAS INCLUDED IN "CITIZEN FOUR,"OC LAURA POITRAS'ENTARY ABOUT EDWARD SNOWDEN. BUT, HE DOESN'T CO AIDER HIMSELF IVIST WITH A POLITICALDA AG

>> IF I SAY, "I THINK WE SHOULD PAY ATTENTION TO GOOGLE N, AN INSTITUTND THAT WE SHOULD REALLY THINK ABOUT WHETHER OR NOT WE WANT TO HAVE THT OF POWER CONCENTRATED IN A PARTICULAR COMPANY, AND DO WE WANT CORPORATIONS WITH THAT SORT OF INFLUENCE TO EXIST, AND H DO WE WANT THEM TO EXIST?", IS THAT AN ACTIVIST PROSITION? NOT REALLY, IN THE SENSE THAT YOU'RE NOT PROPOSING SOMETHING THAT WE'RE GOING TO DO ABOUT IT. BUT PERHAPS IT'S ACTIVIST IN THE SENSE TH YOU'RE SAYING, THIS IS SOMETHING I THINK SHOULD BE ON OUR KIND OF SOCIAL AGENDA TO LO AT.

>> Brown: HIS LATEST OBSESSION: HOW ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IS RESHAPING THE WORLD IMAGERY, WITH MACHINES INCREASINGLY MAKING THOSE IMAGES TO BE READ, DECODED AND USED BY OTHER MAINES, INCLUDING FACIAL RECOGNITION ALGORITHMS. AND PAGLEN HAS ONE MORE OUT-OF- THIS-WORLD IDEA COMING SOON. HE'S DESIGNED HIS OWN SATELLITE. BUT, ONE UNLIKE THOSE HE DOCUMENTS.

>> THE IDEA IS TO BUILD A SATELLITE THAT HAS NO MILITARY, SCIENTIFIC, OR COMMERCIAL VALUE. CAN WE BUILD A SATELLITE THAT IS A WORK OF ART?

>> Brown: THIS ORB-LIKE SCULPTURE IN THE EXHIBITION ISEL AN EARLY M THE ACTUAL PIECE WILL BE OND-SHAPED, AND REFLECT SUNLIGHT BACK TO EARTH, MOVING THROUGH THE SKY LIKE A NEW STAR. SO YOU'RE A GUY WHO'S BEEN LOOKING AT A THESE THINGS UP IN THE SKY. YOU HAD A DESIRE TO PUT YOUR OWN THING THERE?

>> YEAH! URWHEN I LOOK AT INFRASTRU AND, YOU KNOW, THE POLITICAL STUFF THAT'S BUILT INTO OUR ENVIRONMENTS, I TRY TO IMAGINE O WHAT WOULD TOSITE BE. WHAT COULD WE IMAGINE IF SPACE WAS FOR ART. WHAT WOULD THAT BE? AND THEN I'M KIND OF ROUS ENOUGH WHERE, LIKE, LET'S GET BUSY, LET'S DO THAT.

>> Brown: THE "ORBITAL REFLECTOR," A PROJECT WITH THE NCVADA MUSEUM OF ART, IS EXPECTED TO BE LAUHED THIS FALL ON A SPACEX ROCKET. IT WILL BE VISIBLE IN THE SKY FOR SEVERAL MONTHS BEFORE BURNING OUT. FOR THE PBS NEWSHOUR, I'M M FFREY BROWN AT THE SMITHSONIAN AMERICAN ART MUS WASHINGTON.

>> Brangham: ON THE NEWSHOUR ONLINE RIGHT NOW NASA'S PARKER SOLAR PROBE AIMS T FLY SEVEN TIMES CLOSER SUN THAN ANY OTHER SPACECRAFT IN HISTORY. BALANCE TO GET DATA WITHOUT BURNING UP.LE YOU CAN ALL ABOUT IT ON OUR WEBSITE, THEN WATCH THE LAUNCH LIVE, WHICH IS SCHEDULED: FOR ABOU A.M. EASTERN TIME SATURDAY. ALL THAT AND MORE IS ON OUR WEBSITE, www.pbs.org/newshour. TONIGHT ON "WASHINGTON WEEK," ROBERT COSTA AND HIS ROUNDTABLE OF POLITICAL REPORTERS WILL EXPLAIN SOME OF THE LATE-SEASON TRENDS THEY ARE WATCHING AHEAD OF THE MIDTERM ELECTIONS WILL THERE BE A BLUE WAVE OR A RED TIDE IN NOVEMBER? FIND OUT LATER TONIGHT, ONAS NGTON WEEK." AND THAT'S THE NEWSHOUR FOR TONIGHT. I'M WILLM BRANGHAM. THANK YOU AND GOOD NIGHT.

>> MAJOR FUNDING F THE PBS NEWSHOUR HAS BEEN PROVIDED BY:

>> KEVIN.

>> KEVIN!

>> KEVIN?>> DVICE FOR LIFE. LIFE WELL-PLANNED. LEARN MORE AT raymondjames.com.

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>> CONSUMER CELLULAR.

>> LEIDOS.>> UPPORTING SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURS AND THEIR SOLUTIONS TO THE WORLD'S MOST PRESSING PROBLEMS-- skollfoundation.org.

>> THE WILLIAM AND FLORA HEWLETT FOUNDATION. R MORE THAN 50 YEARS, ADVANCING IDEAS AND SUPPORTING INSTITUTIONS TO PROMOTE A BETTER BELLEVUE. TEST . >>> TONIGHT, THE LARGEST WILDFIRE IN STATE HISTORY CONTINUES TO RAGE. A LOOK AT WHY IT'S PROVING SO DESTRUCTIVE AND WHY IT'S TO BLAME. AND RENT CONTROL AND WHAT PROPOSITION 10 WOULD DO TO EXPAND IT ACROSS THE STATE.O, >>> ALSWE HEAR FROM A STARTUP CEO ABOUT WINNING OVER CONSUMERS BY DITCHING BRAND LABELS. >>> HELLO AND WELCOME TO "KQED WSROOM." WE BEGIN WITH WILDFIRES EARLIER THIS WEEK THE MENDOCINO COMPLEX FIRE, COMPRISED OF TWO BLAZES, BECAME THE BIGGESTIR IN CALIFORNIA HISTORY. CALIFORNIA FIREFIGHTERS AREBA CURRENTLLING 17 WILDFIRES ACROSS THE STATE INCLUDING THE CARR FIRE