Newton N. Minow, FCC Chairman, Speaking Before The Int. Radio-TV Society

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it's a very special honor it reporter occasions commission speak to the international regulatory society faces or they were a lawyer or as navy was members of an organization which is why the speaker about this time last year which reminded me of a star david shoulder until a few weeks ago when more permits a true story last week here in new york or cronkite was doing okay taxi driver picking up we recognize the sycamore nice to go or so cvs an arsonist properties you should be on cbs today well it's annoying me

last day that tolerance on state you're jewish people you should be going to the synagogue and trying to shoot on work or puppets are you got me wrong honey i don't have to be jewish to not quite heated discussion finally arrived at cbs or carpet pay the driver garza one thing i got to say for years to crack it at least you can change your name nina as i was here last year before you change when i closed that some of you liked when together to bring more children's programming to be our history and in response the organization probably disappeared higher so my proposal apparently but after the suggestion meetings were famines networks

green i cannot be reached wanda would call me ask my opinion about going into low i'm in fact a clear how broadcasters one about achieving their programming for children was not the government's business detroit means the responsibility for a decision is yours it is heightening that all three networks and many individual stations an independent producers have announced special efforts for new children's programs that saw one that works proposing by itself to meet the need in late weekday afternoons and so the two other networks in clear confirmation of rugged independence arm's length autonomy schedule a children's series to be broadcast at the identical time saturday afternoons now it's certainly desire to provide television programming for minority groups

including minors but perhaps my suggestion has been taken too literally if the result is programming for that minority group of children who have two television sets and their vital services and i do hope that with common sense with a cooperative spirit you can work out the time in so that our children may have access to all our exceptional efforts which i return united states or frankly your government certainly does not oppose industry coronation for the benefit of the nation's youngsters least on television year this morning there are some encouraging signs are in service of the public interest there are also some very startling new opportunities i'd like to discuss them with you today but before doing so are briefly sum up this past year the fcc it's been an exceptionally busy year it's produced

some tangible accomplishments first educational television last year we begin an inquiry into the possibility of bringing the church educational television in new york and los angeles that jobs now have educational television has primarily or everyone's pleases quickly return to life i always look for where we hope to a sensible solution was where because you are very tense under way out west richard indicate that los angeles will also develop educational television to meet the needs of its harsh and a new office at the fcc assess the educators many of you in this room and all the great you know assistant to pass this year it's passed legislation to create educational television in nineteen sixty two i think will go down as the year of extraordinary breakthrough for educational television

our second long range accomplishment is new age of television i recommended legislation to congress giving the commission authority to require that all television sets ship in interstate commerce be capable of receiving our television channels is now the law television set many factors are working with a squad to carry out this legislation you a check will change the face and voice of television than the next decade it will provide exciting new opportunities for broadcasters and it won't broaden the viewer's choice by in the future by lighting up at two channels not just well are you a chess experimental transmission right here in new york cooperation with the city is already proving you a chess effectiveness gas leak into next month final results evaluated quickly on this very day indeed i was notified just a few minutes ago by sy siegel the city of new york

is taking final plans to takeover tv which are for permanent bases if for example i think a federal and municipal governments working together to serve the public we salute commissioner robert e lee for his distinguished contributions hey speaking about really i must tell you his observation when he met breuer permission of the sec mr bill henry mr henry senate cannot be with us today he's winding up his first of all on being confirmed by the senate he was in iraq just a few weeks ago and all this man named bob lee look anno mr henry sterry three years old we need to stop using it if

beak it appears that you a job as a technical success coupled with us jeff legislation that will become a commercial success in the years ahead we can a public hearings on network operations and practices perspectives now one of its record of the long complex security if we tighten up on false misleading deceptive advertising practices in consultation with the federal trade commission report crime policies of the broadcasting horse racing information we've expedited new television service to the public while applications are pending we permitted it were promised joint operation while applicants until licenses granted as a result stations and television stations earlier this year networks have choices and why in some major cities

after receiving substantial complaints were taking a close look at local television in chicago to evaluate just how television serves the local needs of that community arcade television it's permanent hires on the air testing its service and so we plant down on trafficking and licenses to use three year ownership rules we encourage stations and networks to discuss controversial issues and have made it plain that we will be fanfare discussion against pressure groups we'd encourage patients to editorialize to take sides and it stands on issues and more stations are using their voices than ever before one man with a certain day peter strauss was shown how a broadcaster and take leadership on a local politician we're examining our policies about am and fm radio license in order to find ways to ease the crowding am urban has happened after we develop new standards referenced during development we find service week streamline

administrative functions of the agency the genetic processes delegating they managed to review more to permit the commission to attend a raw policy problems preached and practiced station responsibility for fulfilling program promises to the public and the journalist in iraq some broadcast licenses of them were blocked others have not been renewed number of others have been given one year a probationary renewal still others are being carefully examined for this weekend criticized by some observers because more raucous licenses have not been renewed by the present condition and were not renewed and yes he sees entire history we've also been criticized for imposing fines and penalties for violations alarms was in which is i didn't take the proper steps to ensure testing practices

some of these clinics in law is an fcc which mechanically rubber stamps licenses rules every three years to see which sees no label which hears no evil which speaks no legal i regard this kind of criticism as the best evidence that we are doing our job and we're doing a lot of the public and the private interest his own conscience and understanding enable us to see that my neck measures of regulation are a distasteful are our work no commissioner enjoys the role of the umpire as unpleasant it's unpopular and rosenblum whistles are bound to be the target of the pop bottles of an effective self interest but ensuring interest of the law requires policing in a case of lawbreaking requires the imposition of that panel has policing and penalties are intended to work touches on the small minority of

offenders but they also protect the overwhelming majority respectable be a law that's our system of government and responsibility at one of the lobbyists he sees very clear line at sites at this mansion could be the basis of a speech today but i think there's another subject of surpassing significant that's a promising new era of international communications made possible by spy satellites specially in view of this distinguished forms new in particular role of maine it's probably not going to discuss a subject with you today that'd drawn weezer the science advisor to president kennedy recently reported to congress that this year in our country will invest more money is more public funds and research and development then the country investing in research and development from the time of the revolutionary war the and rework two

in the space program alone this year the national budget is more than five billion dollars and more than a hundred times what was spent on the space program only five years ago two weeks ago i was privileged to come to the president the vice president an inspection trip to some listeners of our space program's activities and the plane i said next to young men in renewables he's a former cia official now in charge of project apollo his assignment back our resources of some twenty billion dollars twenty billion dollars is to send a man to the moon get back on her trip there i was and then it follows that this mission will be accomplished in just a few years ago scientists were going beyond human comprehension but today our country's commitment of human life of staggering resources an

extraordinary talent as president kennedy is sep is one of the great adventures of all time the caucuses and the task of again was a part they were walking down shirts they a phd degrees their spirit and their purpose is as exciting as any exploration in human history many people wonder why we're doing all this why risk so much and you know the wisest answer that question was given three years ago at one of the greatest americans benjamin franklin and the american minister to france was invited to a scientific experiment involving launching of some new ones mr franklin he says what was it what good is it mr frank does require a hundred years ago this is true today as it was then he said what will it what good is a newborn baby

this past summer the technology of space in the technology and communications it took the form of unprecedented international communications crew acted space satellites for such satellite telstar operates under sec experimental license and it points the way the future of this year a national policy in space communications has been hammered out publicly through the democratic process the nation has acted to create a unique partnership a partnership with business and government and space communications for communications commission was one of the midwives the birth of this new baby at the commission the challenges based communications has been given our top priority it's more important in anything we have a force we participated in numerical conference's other parts of the government but the white house he's based out of state defense justice nasty us iran

which was devise interviews in the communications industry and joe oh we testified on this question the past eighteen months eleven times before congressional committees to attend an international conferences representatives of other countries it can so frequently with communication for use in all parts of the world michelle craig was your estimation commissioners younger sister has been in charge of arts and steal your brain regions there's a story on the fcc the view the age of recent sec appointees who attended stay around a while until his successor punishes law school crime mr craig was the chair of the united states delegation to the nineteen fifty nine international conference in geneva and he succeeded there is a vision and with foresight and persuading the other nations of the world

to reserve some precious international channels for space experimentation we are now busily engaged getting ready for next year's international conference in geneva to work out a permanent frequency allocations christmas conclusions and all this work were aware that this technological explosion we use little time to grasp its deeper meaning albert schweitzer has written of the inability of science to give us guidance in the use of tomorrow's dr schweitzer is observe today not it's not helpful sides as a result public policy in our time i think too often lags behind senators we do not organize wisely or harms harness its benefits this year the nation tried to keep public policy rest of sites like sixty one president kennedy established the principle that the united

states would favor developed by private enterprise the american power or a global commercial space communication system with the public interest would be fully protected the president concerned with communications system private operation of communications under government regulation and serve the nation well we set out to extend those same principles into the new space conclusions technology what has emerged as a new law the communications satellite act of nineteen sixty two and as an imaginative it is a responsible and it is a time when all what it does is to authorize the creation of a unique form of american corporation it will be a private corporation for profit will not be an agency of the united states government will be subject to government regulation the corporation will deal and operate a commercial communications satellite system

and do this in partnership with foreign governments and foreign businesses half of a stock and the corporation can be owned by communication companies the other half by investors and the general public will be fifty directors six to be elected by the communication carriers six by the general public stopovers and three appointed by the president of the united states the law imposes specific duties under a government agencies the president of course will coordinate the activities of all things he's concerned he will supervise the relationship between corp foreign governments and he will stimulate for participation in the system nasa working with the corporation will continue to explore the technical characteristics of the satellite systems are any of you maybe science fiction enthusiastic promise you're fascinating one possibility is a high altitude system mean we'd send a satellite up there were approximately twenty two thousand miles on products in college you reread it was an example that ad

that writes being with the detroit orbit would travel at the same speed as the year so the related points on earth would be stationary the system has a very obvious advantages because of its great it only three satellites and use space than a hundred and twenty degree angles by communication service to ninety percent of the earth's surface all the page stream an unpopular polar regions because of stationary with respect to your there is less need for expensive tracking equipment this would be a great importance of the political system for many honorable nations can you afford to construct and maintain a larger ground stations on the other hand we are very anxious to move ahead and now as of today we do not have a booster capable of launching a child himself more reliable consistent energy says some funds are technical problems but has a noticeable lying in a miscommunication says rizzo tremendous distances involved in the necessity providing for precise positioning themselves

and ruptures india mountain system of about six thousand miles again a powerful boosters needed at fermilab are tracking equipment is record funny there's a lot of consistent telstar project really which will be launched the story centers telstar follows a random inclined to strike while underground equipment and remain but as you know depending upon the earth's rotation and satellites orbit the stars inside the ground station for only few passes a day and some of these passes last much less than an hour around the clock global transmission is a substantial numbers of satellites would be needed china's rise in sight the solo attitude system requires more satellites more elaborate ground stations a high allergen system offers advantages that poses and resolve problems i just i really answer many of these questions as

will prod it's really insane clown on the biggest unknowns is how long the solar powered satellite will work these are the kinds of questions for which we now search for answers final system may turn out to be a combination of satellites several ounces so you see that the commission has a number of new responsibilities we must ultimately with the advice of the space administration pass judgment we must decide when the system will be higher middle or lower some combination of three mr reyes jewels of you we must ensure effective competition the preterm of equipment from a satellite system and ground stations must ensure that our users have equitable access to the system when secretary of state tells us communications to a foreign nation should be established in the national interest we must immediately proceed to establish such a circus we were given the

assignment of recruiting stop issues or corporation must also ensure that no substantial dishes or maybe her ground stations built this report on the public interest new york times it's perceptibly course on the most exacting regulatory task in the commission's history we will meet these responsibilities fully and pop and we'll do it fairly and vigorously for senator hubert humphrey eloquently stated during the debates on the bill on the senate floor we must demonstrate to the world that a free people acting through their free institutions of government and they're free economic institutions resources the fulfillment of a common object us citizens each of us has a staggering stake in these issues are issues that you and i probably never even heard of fighters to a basic question of our time is

whether a free society or a totalitarian dictatorship can make the best use of the technological revolution the future of each one of us one of our children is woven into the answer that question we can say yes to the future and survive or we can say no to the future and fail as citizens involved communications you have a very special stake in what are your own communications you enter a former prisoner day will be effective five this new technology before yours is an industry that sees opportunity as restless for new horizons in new advances and there will be plenty of opportunity in this new space communication system and more up i think has brought the real question back from space down returns and said a communication system is totally neutral it has the conference no principle

around it has only history will broadcast go for inspiration with equal facility will speak truth as loudly as it will speak also it isn't so no more or less than the men and women who will use some other men women we use it along with you will be coming to your source the next month to discuss international communications these other men women of the european broadcasting union who have bought your version your version for a man an eighteen west european nations have joined forces to erase communication barriers to reach thirty million television homes in your vision countries is broadcasters have copper language barriers standards conversion political differences all unmarried characteristics of our european nationals news inserts major events sports are carried live under any market service or between nations there are lessons for us to learn from european

broadcasting union and as we learned we can start to build a worldwide communications this will require a determination to work together in the very first live international television program really vital star this summer the american networks and stations european broadcasters the us side at a communication carriers merge their talents in a common cause and the result was a magnificent success both in europe and here there's a story told about charles lindbergh flew across the atlantic first time he was met in person the man came up to me and said just remember what a great achievement to think that you flew across the atlantic alone mr limbert says it would have been a greater achievement if i had done with a committed going to put we will be having me as there was in the first telstar program for comedians you worked so well where we hope that this will continue in the

future this demonstration the real value of space communications in television terms is that it enables the world see as jim haggerty has been pointing out in some very thoughtful speech is likely but the real values to see important events live without spacex films and tapes job across the oceans could continue to film rosewater for international news and entertainment or operation will be necessary as international telling restaurants furniture regular operation next two years even on this side of the atlantic we must search for new ways to work with each other there may be occasions in the future when the networks who may want to join hands and rotate the caring of some international events live on one network of times if you need government help in making such arrangements it's usually ask people in washington would prefer some leadership on iran initiative without government brought to share whatever burdens

or maybe in the larger interest to keep in your nation known for now the nation has just given a book clubs to our system of private operations of our communications service with that were conference calls reasonable expectation of responsibility and leadership lastly cover cause your debt issued a very wise in a farce a politician mr kasich if this nation is going to rely on individual rochester's and the private networks to create through international programing a large measure of the understanding which the people of other nations have a homer then let us resolve by open continent with the people of america that we recognize this is a trust a great responsibility and will be true the possibility that we do that we've used a chance that the broadcasters of america as an industry begin to make plans now so how the best and discharge their responsibilities and fewer national broadcaster i

can recall it's time to make plans now time to recognize the great trust the nation placing your hands your country we'll look to you to exercise their trust with responsibility to be concerned not only with commercial checks and balance sheets but with democratic checks and balances not only with avoiding red ink but preventing the dictatorship your government will not cannot monitor or sensory are real children's you want to use similar ones you receive in short america that's gonna be the job your conscience and your character the penalty for your responsibility to be more serious for the nation and the revocation of the station license if that's too much responsibility for you when you shouldn't go into international technology does not wait for human terrain

responsibility for keeping our nation will inform entertain will soon be enlarged to keeping a world challenged and unlike with vision international television in the next decade can become legal and common market of mankind the market of the free exchange of ideas history will record but the russians were first to send a man in a space that i think history will also reports that this year the united states to achieve something more enduring we were first launched an idea into space and it is olive then that idea mr hughes international television international communications for peace and it is to deal not a mole sealing in ignorance and purges of a window opening toward truth and freedom the

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