PBS NewsHour; August 10, 2018 3:00pm-4:00pm PDT

Captioning sponsored by NEWSHOUR PRODUCTIONS, LLC

>> Brangham: GOOD EVENING. I'M WILLIAM BRANGHAM. JUDY WOODRUFF IS ON VACATION. ON THE NEWSHOUR TONIGHT: NEW CHAPTER FOR SOFI. THE STORY OF A LITTLE GIRL REUNITED WITH HER FAMILY AFTER WEEKS OF SEPARATION. PLUS, BEYOND CHARLOTTESVILLE. ONE YEAR AFTER THE D PROTESTS, WE STEP BACK AND F LOOK AT WHAT HLOWED THAT WHITE NATIONALIST RALLY. AND, IT'S FRIDAY. DAVID BROOKS AND RUTH MARCUS BREAK DOWN A PACKED WEEK OF OLITICAL NEWS. ALL THAT AND MORE,N TONIGHT'S PBS NEWSHOUR.

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>> THIS PROGRAM WAS MADE POSSIBLE BY THE CORPORATION FOR PUBLIC BROADCASTING. AND BY CONTRIBUTIONS TO YOUR PBS STATION FROM VIEWERS LIKE YOU. THANK YOU. B ngham: THE FOCUS OF CALIFORNIA'S NIGHTMARISH FIRE SEASON HAS SHIFTED AGAIN, WITHS EMERGENCW DECLARED SOUTH OF LOS ANGELES. GOVERNOR JERRY BROWN TOOK THAT STEP LATE THURSDAY IN ORANGE AND RIVERSIDE COUNTIES. SOME 20,000 PEOPLE HAVE BEENUA EVD, AND MORE THAN 1,000 FIREFIGHTERS ARE ON THE SCENE. MEANWHILE, IN NORTHERN CALIFORNIA, THE MENDOCINO COMPLEX FIRE-- BIGGEST IN STATE HISTORY-- IS NOW 50% CONTAINED. FTD, YOSEMITE NATIONAL PARK WILL REOPEN ON TUESDAY, HEAVY SMOKE CLOSED IT FOR TWO WEEKS. SENATE CFIRMATION HEARINGS WILL BEGIN SEPTEMBER 4 FOR U.S. SUPREME COURT NOMINEE BRETT KANAUGH. THE CHAIR OF THE SENATE JUDICIARY COMMITTEE ANNOUNCED E PLAN TODAY, AND SAID T HEARINGS WILL LAST THREE TO FOUR DAYS. REPUBLICANS ARE PUSHG TO GET KAVANAUGH CONFIRMED BERE THE COURT'S NEW SESSION BEGINS, ON OCTOBER 1. RUSSIA HAS ISSUED A STERNIN WATODAY, RESPONDING TO A NEW ROUND OF U.S. SANCTIONS. THE PENALTIES ARE IN RESPONSE T NERVE-AGENT ATTACK ON A FORMER RUSSIAN DOUBLE-AGENT, SERGEI SKRIPAL, AND HIS DAUGHTER, IN ENGLAND. TODAY, TOURING THE BERING SEA REGION, PRIME MINISTER DMITRY MEDVEDEV TOLD WASHINGTON NOT TO GO TOO FAR.

>> ( translated ): IF SOMETHING LIKE A BAN ON BANK OPERATIONS OR CURRENCY USE FOLLOWS, IT WILL AMOUNT TO A DECLARATION OF ECONOMIC WAR. AND IT WILL WARRANT A RESPONSE WITH ECONOMIC MEANS, POLITICAL MEANS AND, IF NECESSARY, OTHER MEANS. OUR AMERICAN FRIENDS SHOULD UNDERSTAND THAT.

>> Brangham: THOSE U.S. SANCTIONS SENT THE RUSSIAN RUBLE PLUMMETING TO A TWO-YEAR LOW TODAY. LATER, THE STATE DEPARTMENT SAID SECRETARY OF STATE MIKE POMPEO SPOKE TO THE RUSSIAN FOREIGN MINISTER IN A PHONE CALL, AND IM THE U.S. WANTS BETTER RELATIONS. IN GAZA, A CEASE-FIRE APPEAREDIN TO BE HOBETWEEN ISRAEL AND THE PALESTINIAN MILITANT GROUP HAMAS.A IT FOLLOWERST OF VIOLENCE THIS WEEK, WHEN HAMAS FIRED ROCKETS INTO ISRAEL, THE ISRAELIS POUNDED GAZA WITH AIR STRIKES. TODAY, THOUSANDS OF PALESTINIAN PROTESTERS GATHERED AT THE BORDER. SOME BURNED TIRES AND THREW ROS. GAZA'S HEALTH MINISTRY SAID TWO PALEINIANS WERE KILLED BY ISRAELI FIRE, INCLUDING A PARAMEDIC. GOVERNMENT FORCES INFGHANISTAN STRUGGLED TODAY TO BEAT BACK A TALIBAN ATTACK ON A PROVINCIAL CAPITOL. AT LEAST 14 AFGHAN POLICEMEN WERE KILLED. IT HAPPENED JUST 75 MILES UTH OF KABUL, IN GHAZNI. OFFICIALS SAY THE TALIBAN HID INSIDE HOMES, THEN ATTACKED, AROUND 2:00 A.M. VIDEO FROM LOCAL MEDIA SHOWED SMOKE RISING ABO ROOFTOPS, AND COMPOUNDS ABLAZE. THE CITY WAS UNDER LOCKDOWN, AS GUNFIRE CONTINUED THROUGH THE DAY. THOUSANDS OF MUSLIMS PROTESTED IN NORTHWESTERN CHINA TODAY, AGAINST THE DESTRUCTION OF A LOCAL MOSQUE. IT'S PT OF A BROADER GOVERNMENT CRACKDOWN ON RELIGIOY HE CHINESE GOVERNMENT. VIDEO ON SOCIAL MEDIA SHOW A RALLY THAT BEGAN THURSDAY INON FRT OF THE MOSQUE IN WEIZHOU. AUTHORITIES CLAIM THE SITE LACKED PROPER PERMITS. BACK IN THIS COUNTRY, PLAYERS OE L N.F.L. TEAMS PROTESTED DURING THE NATIONAL ANTHEM AT PRE-SEASON GAMES LAST NIGHT. SOME RAISED THEIR FISTS OR TOOK A KNEE IN SILENT DEMONSTRATIONSG NST RACIAL INJUSTICE.

>> THERE ARE A TON OF PEOPLE WHO LOOK TO US AS MOTIVATION OR LOOK TO US FOR INSPIRATION, AND CAN SEE THAT, YOU KNOW, WHEN THEY FVE PEOPLE WHO ARE FIGHTI THEM OR ADVOCATING FOR THEM, IT GIVES THOSE PEOPLE WHO DO THIS T WORK DDAY, THE UGLY GRIND OF FIGHTING AGAINST SYSTEMS OF OPPRESSI, THEY DRAW MOTIVATION.

>> Brangham: THE N.F.L. AND THE PLAYERS UNION ARWORKING ON A POLICY FOR THIS SEASON REGARDING ANTHEM PROTESTS. BUT, PRESIDENT TRU RENEWED HIS CRITICISM, TWEETING THAT LAST NIGHT'S PROTESTERS, "WANTED TO MEOW THEIR 'OUTRAGE' AT ING THAT MOST OF THEM ARE UNABLE TO DEFINE." AND ON WALL STREET, STOCKS SLUMPED ON T WORRIES ABOUT FINANCIAL TROUBLES IN TURKEY. THE DOW JONES INDUSTRIAL AVERAGE LOST 196 POINTS TO CLOSE AT 25,313. THE NASDAQ FELL 52 POINTS, AND THE S&P 500 GAVE UP 20. STILL TO COME ON THE NEWSHOUR: A YOUNG GIRL IS REUNITED WITH HER FAMILY AFTER BEING FORCIBLY SEPARATED. TURKEY'S CURRENCY CRISIS HITS HARD AMID NEW U.S. TARIFFS. WHITE NATIONALISTS PLAN A RALLY IN D.C., A YEAR AFTER THE DEADLY CHARLOTTESVILLE RALLY. AND, MUCH MORE.

>> Brangham: WE START TONIGHT WITH AN UPDATET ON THE IMMIGR CHILDREN TAKEN FROM THEIR FAMILIES BY U.S. OFFICIALS WHEND THEY TO ENTER THIS COUNTRY. SUNA NAWAZ WAS REPORTING ON THE BORDER EARLIER THIER WHEN A YOUNG GIRL NAMED SOFI AND HER GRANDMOTHER CAME LEGALLY TO A T U.S. CHECKPOINED TO APPLY FOR ASYLUM, AND WERE THEN SEPARATED. BUT LATE YESTERDAY IN CALIFORNIA, THEIR STORY TOOK A HAPPIER TURN. AMNA W THERE, AND HAS THIS UPDATE.

>> Reporter: FOR WEEKS, ANA HAS ITED, WONDERING AND WORR ABOUT HER DAUGHTER. BUT NOW, THE WAIT ISR. ON THURSDAY, THREE-YEAR-D SOFI WAS REUNITED WITH HER FAMILY IN CALIFORNIA, SEVEN WEEKS AFTER BEING PARATED BY U.S. OFFICIALS AT THE MEXICAN BORDER IN TEXAS.

>> ( translated ): I FEEL GOOD, VERY GOOD, TO SEE HER WITH MY MOM, AND TO KNOW THAT SHE'LL NOW BE WITH US AND SHE WON'T APART FROM ME.

>> Reporter: WE FIRST MET SOFI IN JUNE, AT THIS MIGRANT SHELTER IN JUAREZ, MEXICO, WITH HER GRANDMOTHER AND GUARDIAN, ANGELICA. ANGELICA SAID HER FAMILY HAD BEEN TARGETED-- SOME, MURDERED-- BY A MEXICAN CARL. HER DAUGHTERS, INCLUDING SOFI'S MOTHER, HAD ALREADY FLED TO THE XTS. THE NEORNING, ANGELICA AND SOFI CROSSED LEGALLY INTO EL PASO, SEEKING ASYLUM. SOON AFTER, THEY WERE SEPARATED.

>> ( translated ): AN IMMIGRATION OFFICER TOLD ME, "YOU'RE GOING TO ENTER WITH YOUR FAMILY, BUT THE GIRL WILL BEE SENT TO A PL GO THROUGH A PROCESS SO SHE CAN BE WITH HER MOM."

>> Reporter: AS ANGELICA MADE HER WAY TO CALIFORNIA TO JOIN HER FAMILY, SOFI WAS SENT TO A SHELTER ACROSS THE COUNTRY, IN FOR SEVEN WEEKS, SOFI'S FAMILY WORKED TO GET HER BACK THROUGH THE U.S. GOVERNMENT'S REUNIFICATN PROCESS. FOR SEVEN WEEKS, THEY NAVIGATED THE PAPER TRAIL, SUBMITTING DOCUMENTS AND DATA, INCLUDING FIERPRINTS. FOR SEVEN WEEKS, SOFI'S ONLY FAMILY CONTACT WAS MOMENTS LIKE THIS-- BRIEF CALLS, BEGGING TO COME HOME. ON WEDNESDAY, ANOTHECALL. SOFI WAS BEING RELEASED AND FLOWN TO SAN FRANCISCO T NEXT DAY. ON HER WAY TO THE AIRPORT, ANAS WORROUT WHAT HER DAUGHTER HAS BEEN THROUGH.

>> ( translated ): SHE CRIED ALL THE TIME, TOLD ME SHE DIDN'T WANT TO BE THERE. ONE TIME, SHE DIDN'T SOUND OKAY. SHE COULDN'T SPEAK CLEARLY AND THEY WERE GIVING HER A BAD LOOK, THEY WOULD SCOLD HER. AND SHE WANTED TO TELL ME SOMETHING BUT COULDN'T, BECAUSE THEY WOULD SCOLD HER. SO THAT HAD ME VERY WORRIED.

>> Reporter: THIS WAS SOFI'S FIRST TIME AWAY FROM HER FAMILY. HER FIRST TIME ON AN AIRPLANE. CRADLED IN HER MOTHER'S ARMS FOR THE FIRST TIME IN WEEKS, SHE COLLAPSES INTO TEARS. ( CRYING ) BAFI IS SHOWERED WITH GIFTS. WELCOMED BY HER BY BROTHER.OM SHE ISAT LAST. AFTER THEIR FIRST DAY REUNITED, ANGELICA IS RELIEVED TO SEE THE SOFI SHE REMEMBERS, RUNNING AROUND AND PLAYING WITH HER SHE IS SLIGHTLY TALLER NOW. HER HAIR IS FINALLY LONG ENOUGH TO PTO PIGTAILS. ANGELICA WORRIES, THOUGH, ABOUT THE UNFAMILIAR FLASHES THEY'VE SEEN SO FAFE A PASSING RERENCE SOFI MADE TO "MEDICINE" SHE WAS GIVEN AT THE SHELTER. A BRIEF MENTION OF "PUNISHMENT" FOR CRYING OR REFUSINGT.

>> WE HAVEN'T ASKED HER MANY QUESTIONS BECAUSE SHE SAYS THAT ITAS A BAD PLACE. WE WANTO EVENTUALLY ASK HER LITTLE BY LITTLE HOW SHE WAS TREATED. I THINK THAT, WITH TIME, WE NEED TO LET HER KNOW THAT THEY SEPARATED HER FROM US FOR SOME TIME. WE WANT TO TAKE HER TO SEE A THERAPIST, FOR HER TO BE EXAMINED, TO SEE HOW SHE IS, HOW HER HEALTH IS, BECAUSE SHE LOOKS GOOD NOW, BUT WHO KNOWS HOW SH WILL REACT LATER ON.

>> Reporter: SEVEN WEEKS AGO, ANGELICA WALKED ACROSS A BORDER SEEKING REFUGE FOR HER FAMILY. TODAY, SHE SAYS, SHE'LL CONTINUE ON THAT JOURNEY UNTIL SHE KNOWS SOFI CAN BE SAFE.

>> Brangham: AND AMNA JOINS ME NOW FROM CALIFORNIA. AMNA, IT'S SUCH WONDERFUL REPORTING TO SEE SOFI REUNIT WITH HER FAMILY. THANK YOU FOR BRINGING US THIS REPORTING. I HAVE TO WONDE THOUGH, AFTER SEVEN WEEKS APART FROM HER FAMILY, HOW IS SHE GOING TO BE TOMORROW, TWO WEEKS FROM NO TWO MONTHS FROM NOW?

>> Naz: THAT IS THE BIG QUESTION RIGHT NOW. NOBODY REALLY KNOWS. THERE HAVE BEEN SOME HINTS TH HE FAMI SEEN THAT HAVE GIVEN THEM SOME MOMENTS OF CONCERN. SOFI MADE A REFERENCE TO BEING PUNISHED SOMETIMES IF SHE CRIED TOO MUCH OR DIDN'T EAT HER FOOD. SHE MADE ANOTHER REFERENCE TO BEING GIVEN MEDICATION. SHE ALSO HAS BAGS UNDER HER EYES THAT R FAMILYENTIONED THEY NOTICED. THEY ASKED HER WHY THAT WAS,SL WASN'T SHEPING WELL? SHE SAYS, WE SLEPT ALL DAY. SO HER FAMILY IS NOWED CONCE WHY WAS THIS THREE-YEAR-OLD SLEEPING ALL DAY. AND HOW WAS SHE TREATED DURING HER TIME AWAY FROM US. THEY HAVE A LOT OF QUESTIONS. THEY'RE GOIN TO SEE OVER TIME THEY WILL TRY TO PULL SOME OF THAT INFORMATION OUT OF HER. THEY DON'T WANT TO FOCUS ON THAT. OBVIOUSLY RIGHT NOW THEY WANT HER TO GET COMFORTABLE TOT, GE BACK WITH THE FAMILY TO, REMEMBER SHE IS LOVED AND SHE WAS MISSED. ONEY HAVREAL CONCERNS BASED INFORMATION FROM THE MEDICAL COMMUNITY. N,E VERY ACT OF FORCIBLY SEPARATING CHILD PARTICULARLY THIS YOUNG, FROM THEIR CARE GIVES, THAT'S DEEPLY TRAUMATIC AND INAYOMES IRREVERSIBLE. SOFI IS JUST THREE. LITTLE THINGS WHEN YOU ARE TREE CAN HAVE A REALLY BIG IMPISACT. AS NO LITTLE THING SHE LIVED THROUGH. SO A LOT OF QUESTIONS AHEAD FOR HER.

>> Brangham: DO YOU HAVE ANY SENSE AS TO WHY SHE WAS REL NOW?D

>> THIS IS ANOTHER HEAD SCRATCHER TO BE HONEST. THE FAMILY HAV BEEN NAIGATING THE PROCESS STEP BY STEP, SOMEWHAT RESPONDING TO PIEME REQUESTS ALONG THE WAY, FINGERPRINTS AND SO ON. WE KNOW THAT WE HAVE BEEN PROVIDING SUSTAINED ATTENTION AS A NATIONAL MEDIA NETWORK. WE ALSO KNOW THAT THERE'S A VOLUNTEER GROUP THAT'S BEENPR IDING A LOT OF PRESSUREWI WORKIN THE GOVERNMENT AGENCY THAT HAS CUSTODY OF THE CHILDREN, TRYING TO FIGURE OUT CHECK LIST. WHAT DO YOU NEED TO GET SOFI RELEASED. WE ALSO KNOW THAT THE SENATOR'S OFFICE, WHICH REPRESENTS THE STATE IN WHICH SOFI IS BEING HELD, GOINVOLVED AFTER HE CAUGHT WIND OF SOFI'S STORY, AS WELL. THERE IS ALSO A PRO BONO ATTORNEY WORKING OUT OF SAN FRANCISCO. SO WE'RE SORT OF APPLYING PRESSURE ANDHIGHLIGHTING THE STORY OVER SEVERAL WEEKS, THAT WE DON'T KNOW WHY ALL OF A, SUDDLLIAM, IN THE LAST FEW DAYS, RANDOMLY IT SEEM, THE GOVERNMENTGENCY CALLED AND SAID ON WEDNESDAY, WE'RE RELEASING HER TOMORROW. NOW, IF WE WERE TO TRACE IT BACK, LAST WEEK WE DID REPORT THAT THE VOLUNTEER GROUP WAS PLANNING TO FLY MOM OU FROM SAN FRANCISCO TO PENNSYLVANIA. BASICALLY TO RAISE A FUSS TO, PLY PRESSURE TO SAYI'VE DONE EVERYTHING YOU'VE ASKED ME TO DO. PLEASE TELL ME WHEN I CAN GET MY DAUGHTER BACK. AFTER THAT WAS REPORTED, THE PROCESS ACCELERATED SOM BUT WE HAVE NO IDEA. BECAUSE THERE'S VERY LITTLE INSIGHT. THERE'S VERY LITTLE TRANSPARENCY TO HOW THIS PROCESS WORKS. SO THE CHAOS IN WHICH IT UNFOLDED IN EVEN THE LAST FINAL MINUTES IS EMBLEMATIC OF THE ENTIRE SYSTEAN HOW CHAOTIC IT HAS BEEN THROUGHOUT.

>> Brangham: OBVIOUSLY THIS IS A WONDERFUL SINGLE REUNION OF ONE GIRL BACK WITH HER FAMILY. T WHAT ABOUT AE OTHER CHILDREN WHO STILL REMAIN IN CUSTODY?

>> Nawaz: IT'S A GOOD POINT. SOFI, REMEMBER, IS ONE OF THOUSANDS OF CHILDREN WHO WERE SEPATED AT THE BORDER FROMER FAMILY. THE LATEST DATA FROM THEME GOVE SAYS THERE ARE OVER 500 CHILDREN STILL IN GOVERNMENT CUSTODY, OVER 3 WHOSE PARENTS HAVE ALREADY LEFT THE COUNTRY. I MENTIONED THAT CHAOS EARLIER, WILLIAM. THIS IS DEEPLY AND WELL ILLUSTRATED. A MOTHER AND HER DAUGHTER HD BEEN DETAINED TOGETHER AFTER BEING SEPARATED AND THEN REUNIFIE MID-FLIGHT OA DEPORTATION FLIGHT BACK TO EL SALVADOR, THE JUDGE WHO IN WASHINGTON, D.C., WAS HEARING A CASE ABOUT HER AND POTENTIALLY DEPORTED FAMILIES REALIZED THEY WERE BEING PORTYOD AND SAIDHAVE TO TURN HER AROUND. THIS IS OUTRAGEOUS SOME THE GOVERNMENT HAD TO STOP THAT PLANE WHEN IT LANDED IN EL SALVADOR. THE MOTHER AND DAUGHTER NEVER DEPLANED. THEY WERE TURNED BACK AROUND AND PUT INTO FAMILY ENTION IN TEXAS THAT. JUDGE THREATENED TO HOLDEY ATTOENERAL JEFF SESSIONS IN CONTEMPT IF THAT PLANE WASN'T BREAKTHROUGH BACK. CHAOS IS THE ONLY WORD WE HAE FOR HOW THIS PROCESS IS UNFOLDING. THERE IS NO SET PATH WARD FOOSR HUNDREDS OF CHILDREN STILL IN GOVERNMENT CUSTODY. IT LOOK LIKE THE COURTS ARE WHERE THESE BATTLES ARE GOING TO BE FOUGHT MOVING FORWARD.

>> Brangham: THE NEWS HOUR'S AMNA NAWAZ, THANK YOU SO MUCH.

>> Brangham: TODAY, PRESIDENT EYUMP TURNED A SIMMERING CONFLICT WITH TUO A BOIL. HE TWEETED THIS MORNING THAT HE WOULD DOUBLE TARIFFS ON TURKISH STEEL AND ALUMINUM, AND WROTE, "OUR RELATIONS WITH TURKEY ARE NOT GOOD AT THIS TIME!" TURKEY IS A MEMBER OF NATO, AND A MAJOR PLAYER IN EVERY HOTSPOT WEROSS THE MIDDLE EAST. THE TENSIONS NOW B THE TWO ALLIES IS THE HIGHEST IT'S BEEN IN DECADES. HERE'S FOREIGN AFFAIRS CORRESPONDENT NICK SCHIFRIN.

>> Reporter: IFRONT OF A FAITHFUL, FLAG-WAVING CROWD, SINT TOD DELIVED DECE. RECEP TAYY ERDOGAN SAID TURKEY WAS AT WAR, AND THE FIGHT WOULD BE WAGED BY EVERY TURK.

>> ( translated ): IF THERE'S ANYONE THAT HAS DOLLS, EUROS OR GOLD UNDER YOUR PILLOWS, THEY SHOULD GO TO OUR BANKS AND CHGE THEM INTO TURKISH LIR THIS IS A NATIONAL STRUGGLE. THIS WILL BE MY PEOPLE'S RESPONSE TO THOSE WAN ECONOMIC WAR AGAINST US.

>> Reporter: ERDOGAN'S POPULIST APPEAL PAINTS THE U.S. AS THE REASON FOR TURKEY'S ECONOMIC MISERY. TODAY, THE TURKISH LIRA TUMBLED AS MUCH AS 20% TO A RECORD LOW. IT'S FALLEN 40% THIS YEAR, MAKING DAILY LIFE DIFFICULT FOR MANY TURKS, LIKE ALI UZUN, WHO HAS TO CHOOSE BETWEEN PAYING RENT, AND EATING.

>> ( translated ): IF I PAY RENT WITH MY PENSION, WHAT WILL I EAT OR DRINK? IT'S IMPOSSIBLE TO COPE WITH THIS. ONE MUST WORK, AND IF YOU CAN'T FIND EXTRA WORK, YOU HAVE SPEND SOME DAYS HUNGRY OR THIRSTY. RA Reporter: TURKEY DOESN'T ACTUALLY THAT MUCH STEEL OR ALUMINUM WITH THE U.S., BUT THE PRESIDENT'S TWEERIPPED THROUGH TURKEY LIKE A SHOCKWAVE, REDUCING CONFIDENCE IN ANRE Y WEAK ECONOMY, SAYS THE WASHINGTON INSTITUTE'S SONER CAGAPTAY.MY

>> THE ECOAS BRITTLE. IT WAS GOING TO HAVE PROBLEMS REGARDLESS OF TIES WITH THE UNITED STATES. I THINK THE ECTHOMIC SANCTIONS PRESIDENT TRUMP HAS SLAPPED ON TURKEY WILL EXACERBATE THE CRISIS, BECAUSIT IS SIGNALING TO THE MARKETS AT A TIME WHEN TURKEY IS ALREADY VOLATILE, THAT THIS IS NOT THE COUNTRY THEY SHOULD BINVESTING.

>> Reporter: U.S.-RKISH RELATIONS WERE ALREADY STRAINED BECAUSE OF U.S. SUPPORT FOR KURDISH FIGHTERS IN SYRIA THAT TURKEY CONSIDERS TERRORISTS; BEUSE OF A CLOSE RELATIONS WITH RUSSIA, AND TURKEY'S PURCHANG RUSSIAN WEAPONS THAT ARE EFFECTIVE AGAINST U.S.ETS; AND BECAUSE OF TERRORISM CHAES AGAINST NORTH CAROLINA PASTOR ANDREW BRUNSON, IN THE WHITE. VIUNSON WAS MOVED FROM JAIL TO HOUSE ARREST, BU PRESIDENT PENCE SAID LAST MONTH, THAT WASN'T GOOD ENOUGH.

>> TO PRESIDENT ERDOGAN AND THE TURKISH GOVERNMENT, I HAVE A MESSAGE ON BEHALF OF THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. RELEASE PASTOR BRUNSON NOW, ORPA BE PD TO FACE THE CONSEQUENCES.

>> Reporter: THOSE CONSEQUENCES ARE POINTED AT A NATO ALLY, A COUNTRY THAT EXERTS MAJOR INFLUENCE ON U.S. FOREIGN POLICY PRIORITIES: IRAN'S NUCLEAR PROGRAM; PROTESTS IN IRAQ THAT THREATEN THE COUNTRY'S STABILITY; AND THE FIGHT AGAINST ISIS IN SYRIA.

>> WHATEVER THE U.S. POLICIES ARE REGARDING THOSE FIVE STATES OR ENTITIES, THEY'RE EASIER, MUCH LESS CUMBERSOME, MUCH LESS COSTLY WITH TURKEY ON BOARD. T KEY IS CLEARLY NOT INDISPENSABLE, BUT IT'S VITAL.

>> Reporter: TURKEY BLAMES THE U.S. FOR NOT EXTRADITING FAITULLAH GULEN, ACCUSED BY TURKEY OF MASTERMINDING THE 2016 FAILED COU ERDOGAN PAINTS HIMSELF AS THE ONLY ONE WHO CAN SECURE TURKEY FROM ITS ENEMIES HE HAS CRACKED DOWN ON OPPONENTS, AND CONSOLIDATED POWER. AND, HE COULD USE THIS MOMENT DOUBLE DOWN, SAYS CAGAPTAY, WHO'S WRITTEN A NEW OGRAPHY ON ERDOGAN.

>> ERDOGAN KNOWS HE CAN BENEFIT FROM ECONOC NATIONALISM. HE HAS A BASE THAT LOVES HIM, THAT AHI THAT HRES HIM IS BUYING INTO THE NARRATIVE THAT HE'S MAKING TURKEYREAT AGAIN. AND NOW, THEY'RE GOING TO BU INTO HIS NARRATIVE THAT TURKEY FACES ECONOMIC WAR FROM THE UNITED STATE HE DID NOT WANT THIS CRISIS, BUT HE KNOWS HE HAS IT NOW, AND HE'LL MAKE BT USE OF IT. AND THE WAY TO USE IT IS TO BLAME THE UNITED STATES FOR TURKEY'S ECONOMIC COLLAPSE.

>> Reporter: ERDOGAN HAS RALLIED TURKEY WITH PROMISES OF TYPROSPERITY, POWER, AND P IF HE IS GOING TO DELIVER, HE WILL NEED PRESIDENT TRUMP TOHE BACK DOWN, OILL TURN TURKEY AWAY FROM ONE OF ITS HISTORIC ALLIES. FOR THE PBS NEWSHOUR, I'M NICK SCHIFRIN.

>> Brangham: ONE YEAR AGO THIS WEEKEND, HUNDREDS OF WHITE SUPREMACISTS GATHERED IN CHARLOTTESVILLE, VIRGINIA FOR A RALLY TO PROTEST THE REMOVAL O CONFEDERATE MONUMENTS. BY THE END OF THE DAY, A COUNTER-PROTESTOR AND TWO POLICE OFFICERS WOULD BE DEAD. IT WAS ONE OF THE DARKEST CHAPTERS IN RECENT MEMORY, ANDST LEAD TO A FIM OF CONTROVERSY THAT ENCOMPASSED THE CITY, THE NATION, AND THE PRESIDCY. THE NEWSHOUR'S P.J. TOBIA TREMINDS US WHAT HAPPENEDHAT DAY. AN Reporter: THE WEEKEND B WITH A FRIDAY NIGHT, TORCHLIGHT MARCH THE HISTORIC GROUNDS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIA'S CAMPUS.

>> YOU WILL NOREPLACE US. JEWS WILL NOT REPLACE US.

>> Reporter: THE WHITE SUPREMACISTS HAD ARRIVED IN CHARLOTTESVILLE. THE NEXT MORNING, ONE LARGE GROUP GATHERED IN A PARK, AROU A STATUE OF ROBERT E. LEE. EARLIER THAT SUMMER, LOCAL GROUPS DEMANDED THE STATUE'S REMOVAL. THE RACISTS WERE ARMED WITH STICKS AND HEAVY SHIELDS. ONE HAD A HANDGUN. ON THE STREET, A MUCH LARGER GROUP OF COUNTER-PROTESTORS GATHERED, SOME OF THEM CARRYING HOMEMADE WEAPONS AS WELL. AS MORE WHITE SUPREMACISTS MADEH EIR WAY TO THE PARK, THEY CLASHED WITH COUNTER-PROTESTORS. SOON TURNED INTO A FULL-ONFLES MELEE. ONE COUNTER-PROTESTER, DEANDRE HARRIS, WAS SURROUNDED AND BEATEN IN A NEARBY PARKING GARAGE. THEN, A FEW MOMENTS OF CALM, AS THE WHITE NATIONALISTS MOSTLY FLED DOWNTOWN.

>> FEAR AND HATE HAVE BEEN GIVEN LICENSE IN OUR COUNTRY RACIALIZED VIOLENCE HAS BEENVI PERMISSION IN THIS COUNTRY. AND WE'RE HERE TO STAND FOR LOVE.

>> Reporter: BUT ONE WHITETU SUPREMACIST RNED. C DROVE HIS DODGE CHALLENGER THROUGH A CROWD NTER- PROTESTORS. A SHORT WHILE LATER, I SPOKE TO NEWSHOUR'S HARI SREENIVASAN ABOUT WHAT HAPPENED NEXT. PEOPLE WERE CALLING FOR MEDICS, N THERE WERE BLOODY PEOPLEE STREET, THERE WAS SOMEONE PERFORMING C.P.R., A LOT OF PEOPLE HEAVI AND CRYING. 32-YEAR-OLD HEATHER HEYER WAS KILLED IN THE ATTACK JAMES ALEX FIELDS JR., THE MAN BEHIND THE WHEEL, IS NOW AWAITING TRIAL FOR MURDER, HATE CRIMES AND OTHER CHA THE CITY WAS GRIEVING. MUCH OF THE NATION WOULD JOIN THEM. FOLLOWING THE ATTACK, PRESIDENT TRUMP GAVE MULTIPLE RESPONSES. BUT, IT WAS TWO DAYS LATER, IN A PRESS CONFERENCE AT TRUMP TOWER IN NEW YORK, WHERE HE SAID THAT THE RACIST GROUPS IN CHARLOTTESVILLE WERE "NOT ALL BAD."

>> YOU HAD SOME VERY BAD PEOPLE IN THAT GROUP, BUT YOU ALSO HAD PEOPLE THAT WERE VERY FINE PEOPLE, ON BOTH SIDES. YOU HAD PEOPLE IN THAT GROUPAT ERE THERE TO PROTEST THE TAKING DOWN OF A VERY, VERY IMPORTANT STATUE, AND THE RENAMING OF A PARK FROM ROBERT ep LEE TO ANOTHER NAME.

>> Rter: HE WOULD FACE BIPARTISAN CONDEMNATION R THE REMARKS. A STATE OFMERGENCY HAS BEEN DECLARED IN CHARLOTTESVILLE THROUGHOUT THIS WEEKEND, TO PRVENT A REPEAT OF LAST YEAR'S VIOLENCE. FOR THE PBS NEWSHOUR, I'M P. BIA.

>> Brangham: FOR MORE ON THE AFTERMATH OF LAST YEAR'S EVENTS, YESTERDAY TALKED WITH THREE PEOPLE WHO'VE BEEN WATCHING THIS CLOSELY. NTTALKED WITH THE NEWSHOUR'S P.J. TOBIA, WHO'S UED HIS COVERAGE OF EXTREMIST MOVEMENTS. MARYcCORD IS WITH THE INSTITUTE FOR CONSTITUTIONAL ADVOCACY AND PROTECTION AT GEORGETOWN UNIVERSITY LAW CENTER. SHE FILED A LAWSUIT AGAINST THE GROUPS WHO PARTICIPATED IN THE RALLY. AND LASTLY, I TALKED WITH WES BELLAMY, WHO SITS ON CHARLOTTESVILLE'S CITY COUNCIL.N I STARTED BY ABELLAMY WHAT'S CHANGED SINCE LAST YEAR.

>> I WOULD LIKE TO THINK OF OUR CITY AS ONE THAT KIND OF KICKED OFF THE AWAKENING OF SORTS. BE VERY HONEST, ONARLOTTESVILLE WAS A CITY, IN MY PERSONAL OPITHAT CONSISTENTLY PERPETUATED OR OPERAT IN COVERT RACISM, SO IT IS THE KIND THAT'S POLITE. IT'S THE KIND THAT MIGHT SM IN YOUR FACE. IT'S THE KIND THAT MIGHT SAY, HEY, WE DON'TO HAVE TH ISSUES HERE, WHEN, IN FACT, WE DO. IT'S BUILT AROUND A SYSTEM OF SYSTEMATIC OOPPRESSION FOR PEOPLE OF COLOR. WHAT WE'VE BEEN ABLE TOO DO IS TRULY OPEN THE EYES OF NOT ONLY OUR COMMUNITY, OUR CITY AND OUR BUSURROUNDING COMMUNITIES THE NATION FOR THAT MATTER. WHAT WE SEE IS THAT IN OUR CITYING WE'VE RIPPED OFF T HE BANDAID. WE'VE PULLED THE SCAB OFF THE WOUND, IF YOU WILL, AND NOW WE'RE ABLE TO DO THE URGERY. FOR THE FIRST TIME EVER, WE HAD TWO AFRICAN AMERICANS ON OUR C CINCIL. FOR THE FIRST TIME EVER WE HAVE AN AFRICAN AMERICAN FEMALE MAYOR. YOU SEE MORECIVIC ENGAGEMENT THAN YOU'VE EVER SEEN. ATU SEE PEOPLE JOINING BOARDS AND COMMISSIONS ORMALLY WOULD NOT HAVE. YOU SEE LITERALLY HUNDREDS OF PEOPLE ATTENDING OUR CITY COUNCIL MEETINGS, PAYING ATTENTION FFERENT THINGS. MOST IMPORTANTLY, IN MY OPINION, THE CONVERSATION HAS BEGUN. I WAS GETTING HATE MAIL AND GETTING PEOPLE UPSET THAT W WERE HAVING THIS CON SLOW. NOW IN OUR SCHOOLS, AT THE GROCERY STORE, AT OURPUIC PARKS, WHEREVER YOU GO, PEOPLE ARE DEALING WITH THE TOPIC F RACE, WHITE SUPREMACY, AND JUST THE EFFECT THAT IT HAS ON O COMMUNITY. SO IN ORDER FOR US TO MOVE FORWARD, WE HAVE TO HAVE THAT CONVERSATION WHICH WAS WHAT WE'RE DOING NOW, AND NOW WE' ABLE TO IMPLEMENT POLICIES TO PUSH US IN A BETTER POSITION.

>> Brangham: P.J. TOBIA, YOU COVERED THE WHITE SUPREMACIST MOVEMENT. YOU WERE AT CHARLOTTESVILLE LAST YEERM I KNOW YOU UNDD ERST GREAT DEAL ABOUT THEM. FOR THE REST OF THE COUNTRY, CHARLOTTESVILLLAST YEAR WAS AN ENORMOUS EYE-OPENER.

>> BY THIS TIME LAST YEAR I HAD BEEN TO MANY WHITE SUPREMACIST, KKK TYPE RALLIES, NATIONAL SOCIALIST, THAT TYPE OF THING, BUT I HADEVER SEEN ANYTHING LIKE THAT. BESIDES THE SHEER NUMBER OF PEOPLE THERE, IT WAS ALSO THE VARIETY OF WHITE SUPREMACISTS ALISTS.I YOU HAD OLD-SCHOOL NEO CONFEDERATES AND ALSO DAVID DUKE, A NAME THAT T BEEN IN THE HEADLINES SINCE THE EARLY 1990s. MORE IMPORTANTLY YU HAD THIS NEW GENERATION, THE ALT RIGHT, WHICH PEOPLE WERE JUST LEARNING ABOUT IN THE WIDER CONVERSATION AT THAT POINT. AND YOU ALSO HAD ARMED MEN, MILITIA GROUPS ON THE RIGHT AND THE LEFT, LIB ISRAEL AND CONSERVATIVE, GUYS WHO LOOKED LIKE THEY JUST STEPPED OUT OF SOLDIER OF FORTUNE WITH LONG GU W HATS,RAPAROUND SHADES, THE WHOLE THING. AND I THINK THIS REALLY WOKE PEOPLE UP TO A TA END THALOT OF US WHO HAD BEEN COVERING HAD BEEN SEEING THIS FOR A WHILE. THE SURGE IN THSE GROUPS, PRIMARILY ON THE RIGHT, BUT ALSO A LITTLE BIT ON THE LEFT. AND THEN LATER THAT DAY, OF COURSE, THE TRAGIC DEATH HEOF ATHER HEYER AND THE BEATING OF DEANDRE HARRIS. MY PRODUCER AND I WERE JUST ABOUT 25 YARDS AWAYROM WHERE THAT HAPPENED, WHERE THAT GRAY DODGE PLOWED INTO THE CROWDOU ITED LIKE A BOMB GOING OFF. WE RAN TO THE SCENE. THERE WERE BROKEN, BLOODY BODIES ON THE STREET, PEOPLE SCREAMING IN PANIC. IT WAS AWL, AND ALMOST AS BAD, NEXT DAY I INTERVIEWED ONE OF THE ORGANIZERS OF THE RALLY, HE WAS COMPLETELY UNREPEN NT. HE BLAMED HEATHER HEYER DEA ENTIRE ON CITY OFFICIALS, THE COLICE, AND COUNTERPROTESTERS.

>> Brangham: MARY D, YOU BROUGHT A LAWSUIT ON BEHALF OF MEMBERS OF THE CITY AND BUSINESSES THERE AGAINST SOME ABUSE GROUPS. WHAT WERE YOU TRYING TO DO?

>> I, LIKE SO MANY PEOPLE AROUND THE WORLD, REALLY WATCHED WITH RROR AS WE SAW THE EVENTS UNFOLD ON AUGUST 11th AND THEN CONTINUING MUCH WORSE EVEN ON AUGUST 12th. I WAS SORT OF ASTONISHED TO SEEY SUCH BRUTASUCH VIOLENCE, SUCH OPEN, ORGANIZED, COORDINATED USE OF FORCE BY THOSWITHOUT ANY AUTHORITY OR PUBLIC ACCOUNTABILITY. AND I HEARD A LOT OF COMMENTS OVER THE WEEKEND OF, WELL, THERE'S A FIRST AMENDMENT RIGHT TO FREE EXPRESSION. THERE IS A SECOND AMENDMENT RIGHT THE BEAR ARMS. VIRGINIA IS AN OPEN CARRY STATE.

>> Brangham: MEANING YOU CAN LY, NOWEAPONS OPEN PROBLEM.

>> THAT'S RIGHT. SO WHAT ELSE COULD BE DONE? AND I, BEING A LAWYER, SORT OF SCRATCHED MY HEAD AND SAID, THIS IS NOT THE FIRST AMENDMENT I KNOW COOR THE S AMENDMENT THAT I KNOW. THE FIRST AMENDMENT DOESN'T PROTECT VIOLENCE. IT DOESN'T PROTECT TREATS OF VIOLENCE, INTIMIDATION, INCITEMENT TO VIOLENCE. E SECOND AMENDMENHE SUPREME COURT HAS TOLD US IT PROTECTS THE RIGHT OF A INDIVIDUAL TO BEAR MS FOR ONE'S OWN INDIVIDUAL SELF-DEFENSE. IT DOESN'T PROTECT THE RIGHT TO COLLECTIVELY GROUP TOGETHER AND BARE ARMS AND FORM PRIVATE ARMIES. SO WE STARTED LOOKING INTO WHAT COULD WE DO KE TRY THE THE VIOLENCE OUT DEMONSTRATIONS AND RALLIES. WE KNOW THAT THEF ONTENT OTHE SPEECH AS ABHORRENT AS IT MAY BE TO SO MANY OFH US,AT OF THE WHITE SUPREMACISTS AND WHITET, NATIONALHAT PART IS PROTECTED. BUT THE VIOLENCE, THIS COORDINATED USE OF ARMS IS NOT.

>> Brangham: WES, YOU IN CHARLOTTESLLE HAVE TO DEAL WITH RACIAL ISSUES 364 DAYS, ALL THE OTHER 364 DAYS OF THE YEAR. HOW ARE YOU GUYS DOING?

>> SURE. THERE'S BEEN PROGRESS, BUT I DEFINITELY WOULD SAY THERE IS NOWHERE NEAR ENOUGHRIGHT? AND IT'S A CONSISTENT THING. WHEN YOU'RE TRYING TO RIGHT THE WRONG OF NEARS 400 YEAROF SYSTEMATIC OPP SO THAT KIND OF CHANGE DOES NOT OCCUR OVERNIGHT. I THINK THAT'S PART OF WHAT MADE A LOT OF THESE WHITPR ACISTS SO UPSET. THEY WANT TO COME TO SHAR LOTSVILLE IN ADDITION TO THE FACT THAT THERE AN EMPOWERMENT AND AN AAKENING BETWEEN OUR WHITE ALLIES, WHOTH ARE ALSO SEEINE IS AN ISSUE HERE. WHEN YOU PUT ALL OF THAT TOGETHER, THAT'S WHEN WE REALLYB START THE CHANGE AND MAKE THE CHANGE, BUT IT DOESN'T HAPPEN OVERNIGHT. IT'S A LONG PROCESS. THIS IS A MARATHON.AS BUT AS LONE ARE COMMITTED TO WINNING THIS RACE, WE CAN TAKE A PUNCH IN THE FACE LIKE WE DID LAST YEAR. BUT WE WILL INDEED WIN THIS FIGHT.

>> Brangham: J., AS WE APPROACHED THIS ANNIVERSARY, THIS WEEKEND, THERE'S SUPPOSEDLY ANOTHER ONE OF THESTE SUPREMACIST RALLIES PLANNED FOR D.C., BUT I KNOW YOU HAVE BE FOLLOWING THIS ALL YEAR LONG. WHAT HAS HAPPENED TO THE MOVEMENT. THIS SO-CALLED ALT RIGHT MOVEMENT.

>> CHAARLOTTESVILLE SHINED WHITE-HOT LIGHT ON THIS NEW GENERATION OF LEADERS. MOST OF THEMWILL S UNDERNEATH IT. MOST OF THE GROUPS COMPLETELYSI EGRATED IN THE FOLLOWING WEEKS AND MONTHS, EITHER THROUGH IN-FIGHTINOR LEGAL MECHANISMS BY FOLKS LIKE MARY McCORD AND OTHER PIVATE CITIZENS, OR THEY WERE DOCKED. THEIR PRIVATE INFORMATION, THEIR HOME ADDRESS, THEIR PLACES OF BUSINESSES, THEIR FAMILY TIES WERE RELEASED ON THE INTERNET. GUESS WHAT? PEOPLE DON'T LIKE ASSOCTING WITH WHITE SUPREMACISTS, WHITEKL NATIONALISTS,SMEN AND SKINHEADS. AND GROUPS LEARNED ANOTHER LESSON -- STREET FIGHTING WILL GET YOU MEDIA ATTENTION, FOLLOWERS, AND REOURCES. THEY MARCH AROUND SOMETIMES ARMED, AND PART OF THE GOAL IS TO DRAWUT LEFT-WING PROTESTERS AND SOME VIOLENT LEF PROTESTERS AND OTHERS. AND THAT'S WHEN, AGAIN, IT DISINTEGRATES INTO VIOLENCE ON CITY STREETS. IT'S REALLY PART OF THEIR GOAL.

>> Brangham: P.JNT. IONED, MARY, SOME OF THESE OTHER RALLIES THAT ARE GOING ON. HAVE OTHER CITIES AND OTHE AREAS IN THE COUNTRY TAKEN THE LESSONS AND SOME OF THE SPECIFIC INJUNCTIONS THAT YOU'VE PUT IN PLACE IN CHARLOTTESVILLE, AREES THOSE SONS BEING LEARNED ELSEWHERE?

>> THEY ARE. WE HOPE FOR THERE TO BE MORE OF THAT SO THE LAWSUIT WAS BASED ACTUALLY ON A CONSTITUTIONAL PROVISION IN VIRGINIA THAT SAYS IN ALL CASES THE MILITARY SHOULD BE UNDER THE STRICT SUBORDINATION OF THE CIVIL ATWER. THAT MEANS NO PRMILITARY. WE ALSO BROUGHT IT UNDER A NUMBER OF STATE CRIMINAL STATUTES THAT BAR PARAMILITARY ACTIVITY, WHICH IS DEFINED IN THE STATUTE AS ESSENTIALLY ORGANIZING TWO OR MORE PEOPLE TO COORDINATE THEIR USE OF WEAPONS IN FURTHERANCE OF A CIVIL DISORDERRER IN A WAY THAT'S CAPABLE OF INJURY OR DEATH. AND WE ALSO BROUGHT PUBLIC NUISANCE CLAIMS. AND E THING THAT WE FOUNDS THAT THESE STATUTES, WE THEN, AFTER WE BROUGHT THILIS GATION, WE DID A 50-STATE SURVEY. AND WE SAW THAT THAT CONSTITUTIONAL PROVISION EXISTS IN 48-STATE CONSTITUTIONS. COULDodruff: SO THE APPLY IT AS IT WAS DONE IN VIRGINIA?

>> THEY CAN APPLY IT. BUT OTHETHCITIES DON'T HAVEE WAIT AND USE LITIGATION. OTHER CITIES CAN POACTIVELY USE THESE SOURCES, THESE STATUTES AND CONSTITUTIONAL PROVISIONS BECAUSE 28 STATES HAVE ONE TYPE OF ANTI-PARAMILITARY ACTIVITY STATUTE, 25 STATES HAVE ANOTHER TYPE. ALMOST EVERY TYPE HAS SOMETHING. THEY CAN USE THOSE LEGAL AUTHORITIES AS THE BSIS FOR CONDITIONS OF PERMITS OR RESTRICTIONS IN LIMITED GEOGRAPHICAL AND TIME AREAS TO COINCIDE WITH RAES AND DEMONSTRATIONS THAT ARE CONCERNED THEY MIGHT BE VIOLENT.

>> WE'VE SEEN INTERNET COMPANIES DO THE SAME THING. PAYPAL HAS PROHIBITED THESE GROUPS FROM TRANSFERRING MONEY TO EACH OTHER, AND COMPANIES THAT HOST SERVERS WEB SITEHAVE PULLED DUNN THEIR WEB SITES SO IT BASICALLY CHOKES OFF THE OXYGEN, WHETHER IT'S A MONEY OR AN INFORMATION SUPPLY FOR THESE GROUPS TO INTERACT AND GROW.

>> Brangham: BELLAMY, WE'RE HEARING A LOT OF THINGS THAT HAVE HAPPENED IN TH LAST YEAR, THEY'RE TRYING TO ADDRESS SOMEEM OF THE PROTHAT WERE REVEALED A YEAR AGO. WHAT DO YOU SEE THAT'S STILLFT NDONE?

>> WELL, I THINK HAVE TO CONTINUE TO MOVE FORWARD IN REGARDS TO ADDRESSING ISSUES SURROUNDING EQUITY. SO THERE IS A DIFFERENCE BETWEEQ EQUITY ANLITY. I THINK THAT THOSE TWO TERMS GET MIXED UP. SO EQUALITY IS ESSENTIALLOVY ING EVERYONE WITH THE EXACT SAME THING AND SAYING, HEY, YOU ALL ARE EQUAL. ED DO WHAT YOU TO DO. TUT EQUITY ACTUALLY HITS AT WHA IS TRULY THE ISSUE, SPECIFICALLY WITHIN OUR COMMUNIAU, BEC THEN THE SYSTEMATIC LEVEL OF OPPRESSION THAT'S BEEN OVER A GROUP OF PEOPLE FOR GENERATIONS. SO EQUITY WOULD MEAN THAT IF WE'RE ALL RUNNING A RACE, I MAY HAVE TO JUMP OVER TEN DIFFERENT HURDLES IN THE 100 METER S WHILE YOU CAN RUN STRAIGHT. SO OF COURSE YOU'LL BEAT ME THERE. SO WE HAVE TO LOOKDOT HOW WE ADDRESS THAT. SPECIFICALLY LOOKING AT AFFORDABLE HOUSIN SPECIFICALLY DEALING WITH THOSE WHO MAY BE MORE MODERATE IN TERMS OF HOW THEY WANT TO DEAL WITH TOPICS OF RACE.I' PROUD OF OUR COMMUNITY FOR AT LEAST BEING WILLING TO DEAL WITH IT, BUT NOW FOR SOME O THOSE WHO STILL FEEL UNCOMFORTABLE WITH THE TOPIC OF RA, EVEN AFTER SOMEONE WAS KILLED, HOW DO WE DEAL WITH THEM. H DO WE DEALWITH THOSE WHO ARE IN POSITIONS OF INFLUENCE AND POWER WHO STILL CHOOSE TO SAY, WELL, I DON'T BELIEVE THAT WHITE SUPREMACISTS CAME HERE BECAUSE THEY WERE AL BAD, OR THOSE WHO SAY AT 45 THERE ARE GO PEOPLE ON BOTH SIDES. THERE ARE NO SIDES HERE THIS IS EITHER RIGHTONG. AND IF YOU BELIEVE THAT THE WHITE SUPREMACIST, THOSE WHO ACTUALLYAME HERE AND KILLED SOMEONE, ARE OKAY, OR YOU BELIEVE THAT THEY HAVE A RIGHT TO BE ABLE TO JUST WALK AIMLESSLY WITH GUNS OR DO ATEVER IT IS THEY WAN DO ANSWER THIS OKAY FOR THEM TO DO THIS IN OUR COMMUNITY, THEN WE'RE NOT ON THE SAME SIDE.

>> Brangham: I THANK ALL THREE OF YOU FOR BEING HERE. WES BELLAMY, P.J. TOBIA, MARY McCORD, THANK YOU.

>> THANK YOU.

>> THANKS.

>> Brangham: NOW, WE TURN TO THE ANALYSIS OF BRKS AND MARCUS. THAT'S "NEW YORK TIMES" COLUMNIST DAVID BROOKS, AND "WASHINGTON POST" DEPU EDITORIAL PAGE EDITOR RUTH MARCUS. MARK SHIELDS IS AWAY. WELCOME TO YOU BOTH. SO AS WE WERE JUST HEARING, THIS WEEKEND IS THE ONE-YEAR ANNIVERSARY OF THE SPASM OF RACISMHAT WE SAW IN CHARLOTTESVILLE. DAVID, I'M CURIOUS, THE PRESIDE SAW WHAT HIS REACTION WAS A YEAR AGO. SINCE THEN HE'S CONTINUED A STEADY STREAM OF RACIALLY CHARGED RHETORIC, CRITICING IMMIGRANTS, LINKING THEM WITH CRIME AND M.S.-13, CRITICIZING N.F.L. PLAYERS. IN THIS PAST YEAR, IS IT YOUR SENSTHAT ANYTHING HAS CHANED IN THAT REGARD?

>> NOT WITH DONALD TRUMP.TI WHITE ID POLITICS HAS BEEN HIS CALLING CARD FOR A LONG, LONG TIME, MAYBE STRETCHING BACK GENERATIONS FOR THE TRUMP FAMILY. THE INSTITUTE OF FAMILY STUDIES ASKED HOW MANY PEOPLE ACTUALLY SYMPATHIZE TH WHATE ALT RIGHT STOOD FOR, WHAT THE PEOPLE IN CHARLOTTESVILLE STOOD FOR. THEY IDENTIFIED REE CORE BELIEFS. THE FIRST WAS, DO YOU HAVE A STRONG SENSE OF WHITE IDENTITY? DO YOU HAVE A BELIEF IN THE IMPORTANCE OF WHITE SOLIDARITY, THAT ALL WHITE PEOPLE SHOULD STICK TOGETHER. AND DO YOU HAVE A SENSE OF WHITE VICTIMIZATION, AND 6% OF AMERICANSHARE THOSETHREE BELIEFS. SO THAT'S A CORSET OF PEOPLE WHO HAVE HIGH -- ONE WOULD SAY A HIGH DEGREE OF WHITE IDENTITY VERGING INTO RACISM. AND SO THAT'S A GROUP OF PEOPLE WHO CAN BE WHIPPED THUP. THERE IS A LARGER GROUP THAT SHARE ONE OF THOSE THINGS. BUT TO ME DONALD TRU'S MAIN FAILURE IS CONSTANTLY WHIPPING NTITY.T SENSE OF WHITE IDE NO MANY REPUBLICANS EVEN 20 YEARS AGO THOUGHT THAT BEING WHITE WAS A STRONG PART OF THEIR IDENTIIT. NO 55%. HE STIRRED THAT UP. THE SECOND PROBLEM IS YOU JUST CAN'T HAVE A PARTYTHAT'S BASICALLY ALL WHITE. BECAUSE WHEN YOU OVERLAY RACIALW PROBLEH OUR POLITICAL PROBLEMS, YOU GET INSTANT POISON. AND SO THE FAILURE TO D T ANYTHING ABOT IS BY ITSELF A GIGANTIC PROBLEM.

>> Woodruff:

>> Brangham: RUTH, DO YOU SEE ANY GOOD NEWS IN THAT? 6% DOES SEEM LIKE AN ENORMOUS NUMBER OF PEOPLE IDENTIFYING WITH WHI SUPREMACY. MAYBE THERE IS A SILVER LINING THERE?

>> I SEE SOME GOOD NEWS IN THEON RE OF THE AMERICAN PEOPLE IN THE LAST YEAR. FIRST GOOD NEWS WAS THE RESOTNSE TO CHASVILLE AND TO THE PRESIDENT'S RESPONSE TO CHARLOTTESVILLE, WHERE MOST PEOPLE, IN FACT, MANY PEOPLE IN S ADMINISTRATION, SOME PUBLICLY RECOILED AT THE PRESIDENT'S ASSERTION THAT THERE WERE FINE PEOPLE ON BOTH SIDES. I THINK IN RECENT MONTHS WE'VE SEEN A SLOW-MOTION VERSION OF CHARLOTTESVILLE AS PEOPLE HAVE RECOILED FROM THE FAMILY SEPARATION POLICY. AND ITS RACIAL OVERTONES. WE ARE BETTERAS A PEOPLE, DESPITE THAT 6%, THAN OUR PRESIDENT. THE BAD NEWS IS THAT AS DAVID SAID, THE PRESIDENT HAS NOT BEEN CHASTENED. THE PRESIDENT HAS NOT BEEN CHASTENED IN THE LAST YEAR. HE HAS JUST CONTINUED DO WH HE HAS DONE ALL ALONG.

>> Brangham: MEANING HE HASN'T SUFFERED PITICAL REPERCUSSIONS. H HE HASN'T SUFFERED POLITICAL REPERCUSSION, AND GONE ON HIS MERRY VERY UGLY WAY, AND IT'S NOT THE 6% THAT I WORRY ABOUT. IT'S PEOPLE WHO DO NONK OF THEMSELVES AS RACIST, PEOPLE WHO THINK OF THEMSELVES AS DECENT PEOPLE, WOULD NOT SUBSCRIBE T THOSE EXTREME VIEW, BUT THERE IS A WAY IN WHICH THE PRESIDENT'S RHETORIC S-HOLE COUNTRIES, ABOUT ANIMALS, AND HIS ACTIONS LIKE FAMILY SEPARATION IS LEGITIMIZED AND KIND O ENCOURAGED A BELIEF IN SOME PEOPLE FOR ALLOWING RAHAM'SS LIKE LAURA ING COMMENTS JUST THE OTHER DAY ABOUT IMMIGRANTS TOBE VID AS SOMEHOW MORE ACCEPTABLE THAN THEY WERE BEFORE DONALD TRUMP. AND ONE LAST THING, THE NUMBERS BARE IT OUT THERE. WAS A RECEN POLL, 57% OF PEOPLE THOUGHT RACE RELATIONS HAVE GOTTEN WORSE UNDER DONALD TRUMP.

>> Brangham: GOTTEN WORSE? >>57%. I NEED TO POINT OUT, 37% THOUGHT THEY GOT WORSE UNDER BARACK OBAMA, AS WELL. 'VEI CERTAINLY THINK THEY GOTTEN WORSE, EVEN MEASURING BY SEGREGATION LEVES. WE'RE MUCH MORE SEGREGATED IN SCHOOLS. THE POLITICAL THING -- ON THE LAURA INGRAHAM COMMENT. THIS IS LAURA, THE FOX NEWS HOST, SHE WENT ON A DIATRIBE THE OTHER DAY SAYING THAT IT IS UNDENIABLE THAT AMERICA IS CHANGING AND IT'S LARGELY DUE TO DEMOGRAPHICS AND THE OPEN BORDERS AND DEMOCRATS SEEM TO CELEBRATE IT AND IT'S A CATASTROPHE.

>> NOBODY ASKED US. SHE SAID IT'S LEGAL AND ILLEGAL 'SIMMIGRATION. PURE PLAY OF WE USED TO BE WHITE AND NOW WE'RE LESS SO.

>> NOT TOO SUBLE.

>> I'M PERFECTLY WILLING TO HAVE A DEBATE ABO, UT IMMIGRATIT WHEN IT'S CONSTANTLY ACCOMPANIED BY RACIAL SUPERIORITY AND US-THEM THINKING AND RACIALCA CRIES, YOU'T EVEN HAVE THAT DEBATE. THAT'S WHY TRUMP IS SO POISONOUS. BECAUSE HE REAPREVENTS US FROM HAVING A DEBATE ON IMMIGRATION. SO YOU'RE BASICALLY BEING ASKED TO STH RACIST TENDENCIES.

>> Brangham: RIGHT. LET'S TALK ABOUT THEMARIES THAT'S HAPPENED THIS WEEK. THIS IS OUR LAST BIG LOOK AT THE ELECTORATE'S INTERESTS UNTIL THE OMID-TERMS. SOTHOSE RACES ARE STILL UNDECIDED. THE OHIO 12, EVERYONE IS PAYG ATTENTION. RUTH, WHAT DID YOU GLEAN OUT OF THAT THIS WEEK?

>> THE PRESIDENTAYS HE'S JUST ROLLED UP THE VICTORIES AND A RED WAVE IS COMING. I THINK THE DEMOCRATS CAN GO HOME.

>> Brangham: I SENSE SOME DUBIOUS.

>> AS IN HORSESHOE, ALMOST DOES NOT COUNT IN WINNING ELECTIONS, SO ASSUME THAT FOR THE MOMENT THAT THE REPUBLICAN WILL WIN IN OHIO 12. THE PROBLEM WITH A REPUBLICANIN ALMOST LTHERE, IF HE DOES, IS THAT IS A VERY, VERY DANGEROUS SI IN THAT SEAT, A SEAT THAT HAS BEEN REPUBLICAN FOR THE LAST 36 YEARS. THAT IS MORREPLICAN THAN MANY OTHER SEATS, ABOUT 60-SOMETHING SEATS THAT ARE IN PLAY IN NOVEMBER. THAT IS A VERY SCARY SIGN, AND YOU HAVE TO BE DONALD TRMP AND ONLY SEE IT ON VICTORIES TO BE IGNORING IT.Y

>> Woodruff: D THINK THE G.O.P. IS IN TROUBLE?

>> YEAH. FOR THE SAME REASON. THAT LAST TIME THIS SEAS OPEN, THE REPUBLICANS WON BY TEN POINTS. THEY REDISTRICTED TO MAKE IT MORE REPUBLICAN. AND AS RUTH SAID, WHEN YOU HAVE 59 MORE VULNERABLE SEATS IN THIS ONE, YOU ARE IN TROUBLE. AND MORE IMPORTANT WAS THE WAY THIS ONE BECAME CLOSE. REPUBLICANS ARE DOING PRETTY WELL IN RURAL AREAS. THEY STILL ARE DOING THAB THE TRUMASE IS PRETTY SOLID. THEY ARE ALWAYS DOING POORLY IN THE CITIES, B IT'S THE SUBURBAN COUNTIES AROUND COLUMBUS. IT'S THE SUBURBAN COUNTIES THAT TENDED TO HAVE BEEN REPUBLICAN, WHETHER IT'S LOUDON COUNTY IN VIRGINIA OR AROUND DENVER AND FORT COLLINS AND THOSE AREAS. THOSE USED TO BE REPUBLICAN AREAS. THEY ARE PLACES THAT ARE GROWING, THAT BENEFIT FROM GLOBALIZATN, AND THAT ARE PRETTY ETHNICALLY DIVERSE. THEY'RE ENTERPRISING PEOPLE WHO WORK IN SUBURBAN OFFICE PARK. DONALD TRUMP SPEAKS TO THOSE PEOPLE NOT AT ALL.O SO TO SE PEOPLE, IT'S NOT JUST TRUMP, IT'S ALMOST THE REPUBLICAN PARTY WHO IS LOSING WHAT IS THE ENTERPRISING SIDE OP THTY. AND WHEN YOU DO THAT, YOU BECOME A MINORITY PARTY.>> rangham: WHAT HAPPENED TO THE SOCALLED SANDERS-OS CASIO-CORTEZ SLICE OF THE PARTY. THEY DIDN'T DO QUITE AS WELL THER.

>> WELL, I THINK REPORTS OF A CIVIL WAR IN THE DEMOCRATIC PARTY AND REPORTS OF A HUGE RUPTURE THAT WILL LEAD THE MOCRATS IN PERIL IN NOVEMBER, AT LEAST AS OF THE RESULTS OF TUESDAY NIGHT, ARE GREATLY EXAGGERATED. E CANDIDATE WHO WAS TH CHALLENGER, WHO HAD SORT OF BEEN THE CHALLENGER IN THE MICHIGAN GUBERNATORIAL RACE, WHO LOOKED LIKE HE WAS REALLY A SERIOUS THREAT TO THE MORE ESTABLISHMENT CANDIDATE, AWOMAN, BY THE WAY, SOMETHING WE NEED THE TALK ABOUT. LOST SIGNIFICANTLY. SOME OTHER MORE ESTABLISHMENT CANDIDATES HELD ONSO. T'S NOT THAT THE DEBATE IN THE DEMOCRATIC PARTY HAS BEEN RESOLVED AND WE'RE BACK TO BILL CLINTON'S THIRD-WAY CENTRISM. FAR FROM IT. BUT THIS WAS, FOR THOSE WHO WORRY NOT ABOUT PURITY BUT ABOUT WIING AND WINNING IN TH KINDS OF DISTRICTS THAT DAVID TALKED ABOUT, WERE YOU ARE GOING TO HAVE TO ATTRACT, AMONG OTHERS, COLLEGE-EDUCATED WTE WOMEN WHO MAY BE KIND OF SWINGISH REPUBLICAN VOTERS, THIS IS -- TUESDAY NIGHT WAS GOOD NEWS FOR KIND OF MODERATE DEMOCRATS AND GOOD NEWS FOR DEMOCRATS OVERALL, BECAE I THINK IF CORTEZ CAN IN IN HER DISTRICT, BUT SHE CAN'T WININ DISTRICTS DEMOCRATS NEED TO WIN IN TO TAKE OVER THE HOUSE.

>> Brangham: RIGHTI I WANT TO GEARS FOR A SECOND. JUST THE OTHER DAY THE E.P.A. WAS SWATTED DOWN BAY FEDERAL DISTRICT COURT THAT ARGUED IT HAS IGNORED SCIENCE ABOUT A DANGEROUS PESTICIDE AND REVERSE COURSE. THE E.P.A. HAS IGNORED T SCIENCE ABOUT CLIMATE CHANGE EQUALLY UNDER THE TRUMP ADMINISTRATION. HERE WE HAVE AN ENORMOUS SLICEHE OFCOUNTRY IN A TERRIBLE DROUGHT. THERE ARE 100 FIRES IN 16R 13 STATES, AND YET THE CONVERSATION ABOUT CLIMATE CHANGE AND OUR NATIONAL POLICY IS... IT JUST DOES NOT SEEM TO EXIST.

>> WELL, IF YOU'RE AN ENVIRONMENTALIST, THERE'S GOOD NEWS AND BAD NEWS. THE BAD NEWS IS THE TRUMP ADMINISTRATION IS TRYING TO ROLL BACK A LOT OF REGULATIONS. THE BAD RYWS IS THEY'RE NOT V GOOD AT IT. SO JUST THIS WEEK ONE OF THE REGULATIONS GOT OVERTURNED BY THE JUDGE. VTHINK IT WAS THE SEENTH OR EIGHTH MAJOR REGULATION OVTTURNED BECAUSE THEY'RE DOING IT VERY WELL. IF YOU EXPECT THEM TO DO SOMETHING ABOUT CLIMATE CHANGE THEYT GOING TO DO IT BECAUSE THEY DON'T TAKE THE PROBLEM SERIOUSLY. LICIES,ONTINUED OBAMA I'M NOT SURE IT WOULD MAKE ANY DIFFERENCE TO THE FOREST FIRES AND TO THE HEAT WAVE. THIS IS A PROBLEM I PERSONALLY THINK WE'LL HAVE TO FIND SOME TECHNOLOGICAL SOLUTION, BECAUSE I DO NOT SEE A POLITICAL SOLUTION COMING OUT OF THIS, BUT TRUMP IS CERTAINLY LPING.

>> Brangham: I DON'T MEAN TO BRING THIS BACK THE POLITICS, BUT IS THIS A FUNCTION OF POLITICS THAT THERE ISN'T A CONSTITUENCY THAT CARES ENOUGH ABOUT THIS TO MAKE IT A FRONT-BURNER ISSUE.

>> PARDON THE PUN.

>> Brangham: PARDON THE PUN.

>> I THINK IT'S THAT THE TRUMP MINISTRATION CAME IN ON A VERY CLEAR DEREGULATORY AGENDA. I THINK THEY'VE BEEN -- THE COURTS HAVE INTERFERED A LOT. COURTS CAN BE PESKY THINGS, ASTR THP ADMINISTRATION HAS LEARNED, BUT FOR ALL OF HIS FOIBLES, SCOTT PRUITT, ETHICAL MISSTEPS AND GLAD HE'S GONE.OT PRUITT IS AN EXTRAORDINARILY EFFECTIVE E.P.A. ADMINISTRATOR IN TERMS OF TRYING TO DO SE REGULATIONS. CLIMATE CHANGE DID HAPPEN OVERNIGHT. IT CANNOT BE SOLVED IN A SINGLE PRESIDENT'S TERM, BUT ONE OF THE MOST FRUSTRATING THINGS IS, AND YOU LOOK AT THIS PESTICIDE N RULING, I THINK IT'S TAN YEARS TO GET THIS PESTICIDE BAN. THINK ABOUT THE TIME IT IS GOING TO TAKE TO IMPLEMENT THE CHANGES THAT WE NEED TO IMEMENT IN ORDER TO ADDRESS GLOBAL WARMING. EVEN TECHNOLOGY WILL HELP, BUT WE NEED TO IMPLEMENT SOME REGULATORY CHANGES. THE TRUMP ADMINISTRATION'S EFFORT TO SLOW THAT DOWN JUST STEALS TIME THAT THE PLANET NEEDS AT PRECISELY THE TIME THAT IT'S BECOME COMPLETELY CLEAR THE ALL OF US BREATHING THIS AIR, FEELING THIS HEAT, WA THESE FIRES BURN, WE DON'T HAVE THAT LUXURY OF THAT TIME.

>> Brangham: LASTLY, ONE QUICK TURN, DAVID, THE ADMI ENACTED SOME NEW POTENTIALLY TOUGHER SANCTIONS ON RUSSIA, AN LAST WEEK THEY MADE A VERY BIG SHOW OF CRACKING DOWN ON RUSSIAN MEDDLING IN THE UPCOMING ELECTIONS. DOES IT MAER THAT THE PRESIDENT, AS MANY OF HIS CRITICS POINT OUT, REFUSES TO STEP UP AND PUBLICLY CHASTISE VLADIMIR PUTIN? DOES IT MATTER THAT THERE IS ASB WEEN THE ADMINISTRATION SEEMINGLY AND THE PRESIDENT?

>> YES. YOU KNOW, OUR POLICY S MICROTOUGH AND MACRO S TT. WH PRESIDENT SAYS ULTIMATELY MATTERS BECAUSE TO BE SMALL ISSUES, SOME OF THES SE SANCTIRE PRETTY MODERATE. THE LATEST ROUND ARE PRETTY MODERATE. BUT THE CRUCIAL QUESTION IS: DOES VLADIMIR PUTIN FEEL INTIMIDATED FROM INTERFERING IN OUR ELECTIONS? THERE IS NO POSSIBLE WAY HE FEELS INTIMIDATED.

>> Brangham: THAT'S BECAUSE YOU THINK THE PRESIDENT IS NOT SAYING UBLICLY --

>> THAT'S BECAUSE THE PRESIDENT SEEMS TO BE ON HISIDE IN LOT OF THINGS. AND B, WHATEVER HAPPENS IN THE INTERNALWORNGS OF THE WHITE HOUSE, CAN GO TO SOME DEGREE OF SIZE. BUT THEY WILL NOT BECOME A MASSIVE AND IMPORTANT POLICY. SO THERE WILL BE LITTLE PUBLICS THAT PUTIN MAY FEEL, BUT IN TERMS OF THE BIG ISSUE, IS HE SCARED OF US, CAN'T BE. m: WHAT DO YOU MAK OF THAT? JUST A FEW SECONDS LEFT.

>> IT MATTERS BOTH WHAT THEID PRT SAYS AND WHAT THE ADMINISTRATION DOES. WHAT THE ADMINISTRATION HAS DON- VIS PUTIN, THERE ARE SOME IMPRESSIVE, LAUDABLE PARTS OF THAT, T PRESIDENTIAL RHETORIC MATTERS, NOT JUST FOR THE IMPACT ON PUTIN, BUT FOR THE IMPACT ON OTHER AUTHORITARIAN LEADERS WHO WATCH WHAT THEY CAN GET AWAY WITH.

>> Brangham: RUTH MARCUS, DAVID BROOKS, THANK YOU BOTH VERY MUCH.

>> Brangm: FINALLY TONIGHT, WITH HEIGHTENED ATTENTION BEING GIVEN TO SURVEILLANCE AND SPYING, JEFFREY BROWN TAKES A LOOK AT AN ARTIST WHOSE LANDSCAPES OFTEN CONTAIN MORE THAN MEETS THE EYE.

>> Brown: WHAT DO YOU SEE WHEN U LOOK UP AT THE NIGHT SKY? FOR TREVOR PAGLEN, THERE'S BEAUTY AND WONDER, B. SOMETHING MO ED I SEE A PLANET THAT HAS BEEN COMPLETELY TRANSFOY THE HUMANS, AND TRANSFORMED IN PURTICULAR KINDS OF WAYS. LOOKING AT WHO IING THINGS IN SPACE, FOR WHS REASON. WHATE HISTORY OF THAT? WHAT IS THE LEGACY OF THAT? HOW HAVEE TRANSFORMED THE SKY? AND WHAT IS THE IMPLICATIONS OF THAT?

>> Brown: PAGLEN IS AN ARTIST SHOWING US WHAT HE C OLS A "LANDSCASURVEILLANCE:" SATELLITES ORBITING THE PLANET. MILIRY INSTALLATIONS OFF THE GRID. CABLES UNDER THE SEA. INTELLIGENCE AND INFORMAON GATHERING, HIDDEN IN PLAIN SIGHT, LIKE A TINY DOT IN A GORGEOUS PHOTO OF THE NEVADA SKY THAT TURNS OUT TO BE A DRONE. HIS NEW EXHIBITION AT THE SMITHSONIAN AMERICAN ART MUSEUM IN WASHINGTON IS CALLED "SITES UNSEEN."

>> WHAT WE SEE IS MOSTLY VERY FAMILIAR LANDSCAPES, BUT WE ALSO SEE A LOT OF VERY UNFAMILIAR LANDAPES THAT WE DON'T RECOGNIZE AS SUCH. IT'S JUST LEARNING HOW TO SEE THE ENVIRONMENTS THAT WE LIVE IN, LEARNING HOW TO SEE THEMO NT IN HISTORY WE LIVE IN. AND I ACTUALLY THINK THAT'S A LOT HARDER TO DO THAN WE IMAGINE IT.

>> Brown: WE'RE SEEING IT, BUT YOU'RE SAYING WE'RE NOT SEEING IT.

>> THAT'S AT I MEAN BY "SITES UNSEEN!" WE'RE SEEING IT, BUT WE'RE NOT RECOGNIZING IT.

>> Brown: PAGLEN COMBINES ELEMENTS OF PHOTOGRAPHY, SCIENCE, AND INVESTIGATIVE JOURNALISM-- HE HAS A Ph.D IN GEOGRAPHY AS WELL AS A MASTERS IN ART-- AND HIS WORK, EXHIBITED IN GALLERIES AND MUSEUMS WORLIDE, WON HIM A MacARTHUR FELLOWSHIP, THE SO-CALLED "GENIUS AWARD" IN 2017. HE SEES HIMSELF IN A LONG LINE ME LANDSCAPE ARTISTS, AND MES MAKES DIRECT CONNECTIONS SUCH AS ANSEL ADAMS, FOR EXAMPLE, IN THIS YOSEMITE SCENE. BUT IN PAGLEN'S IMAGE, THE MOVEMENTS OF SATELLITES SHOW UP IN THE SKY OVERHEAD.

>> Y'RE HAVING A CONVERSATIO WHEN YOU'RE AN ARTIST WITH ALL THE PEOPLE THAT ARE ALIVE TODAY, BUT YOU'RE ALSO HAVING A CONVERSATION WITH YOUR ANCESTORS. HOW DID THEY SEE IT IN THEIR MOMENT IN TIME? HOW DO WE SEE IT IN OUR MOMENT IN TIME?

>> Brown: AND HOW MUCH CAN WE SEE? PAGLEN TOOK THESE PHOTOGRAPHS OF MILITARY INSTALLATIONS IN TH WEST FROM AS MANY AS 50 MILES AWAY, USING TELESCOPIC LENSES. HE BREAKS NO SECURITY OR TRESPASSING LAWS. HEAT WAVES CREATE A DISTTION EFFECT HE LIKES.

>> YOU'RE LOOKING THROUGH SOMU HEAT AND SO MUCH HAZE THAT THE LIGHT ITSELF IS FALLING APART, THE IMAGE IS FALLING APART. AND FOR ME, THAT BECOMES A KIND OF METAPHOR. YOU KNOW, WHAT DO ACTUALLY LEARN FROM LOOKING AT IMAGES? WHAT DO IMAGES TELL US, AND WHAT DO THEY OBSCURE? AND I WANT MAKE IMAGES THAT HAVE THAT TENSION WITHIN THEM, THAT DON'T OBVIOUSLY REVEAL THEMSELVES IN ONE WAY.

>> Brown: SOMETIMES, THE TENSION ISN'T OBVIOUS AT ALL, LIKE THIS SEEMINGLY PROSAIC LONG ISLAND BEACH SCENE.

>> THE PHOTOGRAPH IS A LITTLE BIT OF A TRICK, IN THE SENSE THAT THERE IS NO EVIDENCE OF THE THING I'M ACTUALLY TRYING TO PHOTOGRAPH IN THE IMAGE. YOU CANNOT SEE THE THING.ro >>: THE "THING" IS UNDERWATER. THIS IS WHERE TRANSATLANTIC FIBER OPTIC CABLES COME ASHORE. PAGLEN AND HIS COLLEAGUES STUDIED TELECOM MAPSCEAN CURRENTS, AND LEARNED TO SCUBA APDIVE TO TAKE THESE PHOTO OF WHAT HE CALLS "THE INFRASTRUCTURE OF THE INTERNET," THE INFORMATION FLOW THAT CAN BE SWEPT UP BY SURVEILLANCE EFFORTS AND ALL OUT OF SIGHT OF THE BEACHGOERS.ES DO YOU WANT PEOPLE AT THE BEACH, WHO COULD BE ANY OF US, TO KNOW WHAT'S GOING WHILEEN THEY'RYING THEIR DAY AT THE BEACH?

>> WHILE THEY ENJOY THEIR DAY AT THBEACH, I DON'T REALLY CA WHAT THEY THINK ABOUT. BUT I THINK THAT AS A CULTURE, YEAH, WE SHOULD BE PAYING ATTENTION TO WHAT'S GOING ON. WE SHOULD BE PAYING TENTION TO THE THINGS THAT ARE SHAPING WHAT THE REST OF OUR LIVES ARE GOING TO BE LIKE AND WHAT OURIV CHILDREN'SES ARE GOING TO BE LIKE.

>> Brown: PAGLEN LOVES TO COLLECT THE ODD CODE NND EMBLEMS ATTACHED TO THOUSANDS OF SECRET PROGRAMS. EY, TOO, BECOME PART OF HIS ART. HE'S WORKED OFTEN WITH INVESTIGATIVE JOURNALISTS. HIS FOOTAGE OF N.S.A. BASES WAS INCLUDED IN "CITIZEN FOUR," LAURA POITRAS' DOCUMENTARY ABOUT EDWARD SNOWDEN. BUT, HE DOESN'T CONSIDER HIMSELF AN ACTIVIST WITH A POLITICAL AGENDA.

>> IF I SAY, "I THINK WE SHOULD PAY ATTENTN TO GOOGLE AS AN INSTITUTION, AND THAT WE SHOULD REALLY THINK ABOUT WHETHER OR NOT WE WANT TO HAVE THAT SORT OF POWER CONCENTRATED IN A PARTICULAR COMPANY, AND DO WE WANT CORPORATIONS WITH THAT SORT OF INFLUENCE TO EXIST, AND HOW DO WE WANT THEM TO EXIST?", IS THAT AN ACTIVIST PROALSITION? NOT , IN THE SENSE THAT YOU'RE NOT PROPOSING SOMETHING THAT WE'RE GNG TO DO ABOUT IT. BUT PERHAPS IT'S ACTIVIST IN THE SENSE THAT YOU'RE SAYING, THIS IS SOMETHING I THINKD BE ON OUR KIND OF SOCIAL AGENDA TO LOOK AT.

>> Brown: HIS LATEST OBSESSION: HOW ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IS RESHAPING E WORLD OF IMAGERY, WITH MACHINES INCREASINGLY Y KING THOSE IMAGES TO BE READ, DECODED AND USEDHER MACHINES, INCLUDING FACIAL RECOGNITION ALGORIMS. AND PAGLEN HAS ONE MORE OUT-OF THIS-WORLD IDEA COMING SOON. HE'S DESIGNED HIS OWN SATELLITE. BUT, ONE UNLE THOSE HE DOCUMENTS.

>> THE IDEA IS TO BUILD A SATELLITE THAT HAS NO MILITARY, SCIENTIFIC, OR COMMERCIAL VALUE. CAN WE BUILD A SATELLITE THAT IS A WORK OF ART?

>> Brown: THIS ORB-LIKE SCULPTURE IN THE EXHIBITION IS AN EARLY MODEL. THE ACTUAL PIECE WILL BE DIAMOND-SHAPED, AND REFLECT B SUNLIGK TO EARTH, MOVING THROUGH THE SKY LIKE A NEW STAR. SO YOU'RE A GUY WHO'S BEEN LOOKING AT ALL THESE THINGS UP IN THE SKY.U D A DESIRE TO PUT YOUR OWN THING THERE?

>> YEAH! WHEN I LOOK AT INFRASTRUCTURES AND, YOU KNOW, THE POLITICAL STUFF THAT'S BUILT INTO OUR ENVIRONMENTS, I TRY TO IMAGINE WHLD THE OPPOSITE BE. WHAT COULD WE IMAGINE IF SPACE WAS FOR ART. W WHLD THAT BE? I AND THEN'M KIND OF RIDICULOUS ENOUGH WHERE, LIKE, LET'S GET BUSY, LET'S DO THAT.

>> Brown: THE "ORBITAL REFLECTOR," A PROJECT WITH THE NEVADA MUSEUM OF ART, IS EXPECTED TO BE LAUNCHED THIS FALL ON A SPACEX ROCKE IT WILL BE VISIBLE IN THE SKY FOR SEVERAL MONTHS BEFORE BURNING OUT. FOR THE PBS NEWSHOUR, I'M JEFFREY BROWN AT THE SMITHSONIAN AMERICAN ART MUSEUM IN WASHINGTON.ha

>> Bra ON THE NEWSHOUR ONLINE RIGHT NOW:KE NASA'S PSOLAR PROBE AIMS TO FLY SEVEN TIMES CLOSER TO THE SUN THAN ANY OTHER SPACECRAFT IN HISTORY. BUT, IT MUST STRIKE A PERFECT BALANCE TO GET DATA WITHOUT BURNING UP. YOU CAN LEARN ALL ABOUT IT O OUR WEBSITE, THEN WATCH THE LAUNCH LIVE, WHICH IS SCHEDULED FOR ABOUT 3:30 A.M. EASTERN TIME SATURDAY. ALL THAT AND MORE IS ON OUR w WEBSIT.pbs.org/newshour. TONIGHT ON "WASHINGTON WEEK," ROBERT COSTA AND HIS ROUNDTABLE OF POLITICAL REPORTERS WL EXPLAIN SOME OF THE LATE-SEASON TRENDS THEY ARE WATCHING AHEAD OF THE MIDTERM ELECTIONS. WILL THERE BE A BLUE WAVE OR A RED TIDE IN NOVEMBER? FIND OUT LATER TONIGHT, ON "WASHINGTON WEEK." AND THAT'S THE NEWSHOUR FOR TONIGHT. I'M WILLIAM BRANGHAM THANK YOU AND GOOD NIGHT.

>> MAJOR FUNDING FOR THE PBS NEWSHOUR HAS BEEN PROVIDED BY:

>> KEVIN

>> KEVIN!

>> KEVIN?

>> ADVICE FOR FE. LIFE WELL-PLANNED. LEARN MORE AT raymondjames.com.

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>> SUPPORTING SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURS AND THEIR SOLUTIONS TO THE WORLD'S MOST PRESSING PROBLEMS-- skollfoundation.org.

>> THE WILLIAM AND FLORA HEWLETT FOUNDATION. FOR MORE THAN 50 YEARS, ADVANCING IDEAS AND SUPPORTING INSTITUTIONS TO PROMOTE A BETTER WORLD. AT www.hewlett.org.

>> AND WITH THE ONGOING SUPPORT OF THESE INSTITUTIONSS AND FRIE THE NEWSHOUR.

>> THIS PROGRAM WAS MADE POSSIBLE BY THE CORPORATION FOR AND BY CONTRIBUTIONS TO YOUR PBS STATION FROM VIEWERS LIKE YOU.TH K YOU. ng Captioniponsored by NEWSHOUR PRODUCTIONS, LLC Captioned by gMedia Access Group at WGBH access.wgbh. Narrator: SINCE THE DAWN OF THE SPACE PROGRAM, ONE NAME HAS BEEN SYNONYMOUS WITH PATRIOTISM, HONOR, AND DUTY. JOHN GLENN IS THE EPITOME OF WHAT AN AMERICAN SHOULD BE. HE WORKED FOR AND ACHIEVED THE VERY BEST OF HSELF, AND AT THE SAME TIME BROUGHT OUT THE BESTN THE REST OF US. HE'S AAR GUY, BUT HE'S NOT AN AVERAGE GUY. AND I THINK WE COULDN'T HAVE A BETTER ROLE MODEL FOR ANY PROFESSION, ANY DISCIPLINE THAN JOHN GLENN. rrator: THOUGH HIS ACCOMPLISHMENTS ARE UNPRECEDENTED, HIS VALUES REMAIN UNCHANGED. Levin: HIS INNATE ABILITY TO JUST BE A DECENT HUMAN BEING AND NOT PUT ON ANY ND OF AIRS. HE'S A GUY WHO HAS EVERY RIGHT TO PUT ON ALL KINDS OF AIRS, BUT TOTALLY INCONSISTENT WITH HIS VERY ESSENCE.