PBS NewsHour; June 13, 2018 3:00pm-4:01pm PDT

WSaptioning sponsored by NEHOUR PRODUCTIONS, LLC

>> Woodruff: GOOD EVENING. I'M JUDY WOODRUFF. ON THE NEWSHOUR TONIGHT, PRESIDENT TRUMRETURNS TO WASHINGTON DECLARING NORTH KOREA NO LONGER A NUCLEAR THREATMOBUT QUESTIONUNT AFTER THE FEMMIT. THEN, THE TRUMP EF PLAYS OUT IN THE BALLOT BOX-- KEY TAKEAWAYS FROM THE WINRS AND LOSERS OF LAST NIGHT'S PRIMARIES AND AT IT COULD MEAN FOR NOVEMBER'S ELECTIONS. AND OUR SERIES ON THE CHALLENGES OF ENDING E AIDS EPIDEMIC TAKES US TO NIGERIA, WHERE ONE UNIQUE BABY SHOWER PROGRAM TRIES TO CUT BACK ON MOTHER TO CHI INFECTION STARTS AT CHURCH.

>> IT'S GOING TO BE A LOT OF WORK TO PUT EVERYBODY WITH H.I.V. ON TREATMENT. FOR PREGNANT WOMEN, IT'S NOT THE SE. THEIR NUMBERS ARE SMALL, COMPARED TO THE GENERAL, THE PEOPLE LIVING WITH H.I.V. WITHIN THE GENERAL POPULATION. SO IT SHOULD BE ACHIEVABLE.

>> Woodruff: ALL THAT AND MORE TONIGHT'S PBS NEWSHOUR.

>> MAJOR FUNDING FOR THE PBS NEWSHOUR HAS BEEN PROVIDED BY:

>> CONSUMER CELLULAR. LEIDOS.

>> THE LEMELSON FOUNDATION. COMMITTED TO IMPROVING LIVES THROUGH INVENTION, IN THE U.S. AND DEVELOPING COUNTRIES. ON THE WEB AT lemelson.org.

>> SUPPORTED BY THE JOHN D. AND CATHERINE T. MacARTHUR TOUNDATION. COMMITTEUILDING A MORE JUST, VERDANT AND PEACEFUL WORLD. MORE INFORMATION AT macfound.org

>> AND WITH THE ONGOING SUPPORT OF THESE INSTITUTIONS:

>> THIS PROGRAM WAS MADE POSSIBLE BY THE CORPORATION FOR PUBLIC BROADCASTIN AND BY CONTRIBUTIONS TO YOUR PBS STATION FROM VIEWERS LIKE YOU. THANK YOU.

>> Woodruff: PRESIDENT TRUMP'S SUMMIT WITH KIM JONG-UN MABE HISTORY, BUT DEBATE ABOUT THE DEAL THEY SIGNED IS FAR FROM OV. THE PRESIDENT TODAY PROCLAIMED THE NORTH'S NUCLEAR MENACE IS OVER, AND AMERICANS CAN REST "OUR COUNTRY'S BIGGEST ENEMY IS THE FAKE NEWS." WE'LL HAVE A FULL REPORT, AFTER THE NEWS SUMMARY. REPUBLICAN LEADERS IN THE U.S. HOUSE TALKED TODAY OF BREAKING A STALEMATE ON "DREAMERS," BROUGHT THE U.S. ILLEGALLY, AS CHILDREN. VOTES ON TWO BIL ARE PLANNED FOR NEXT WEEK. ONE, BACKED BY TEA PARTY CONSERVATIVES, OFFERS LEGAL STATUS, BUT NOT CITIZENSHIP. THE OTHER COULD OFFER A PATH TO CITIZENSHIP-- WITH CONDITIONS. IT'S SUPPORTED BY G.O.P. MODERATES, AND BY SPEAKER PAUL RYAN.

>> THIS IS AN EFFORT TO BRING OUCAUCUS TOGETHER, OUR CONFERENCE TOGETHER ON IMMIGRATION. I'M VERY PLEASED WITH OUR MEMBERS. WHAT HAPPENED WAS OUR MEMBERS GOT TOGETHER, SPOKE WITH ONE CHOTHER, ANDOMPROMISED WITH THER SO THAT WE COULD FIND A WAY FORWARD WITHOUT ERCISING AND SO NOW WHAT WE HAVE IS AN ACTUAL CHANCE AT MAKING LAW AND SOLVING THIS PROBLEM. CRITICIZED RYAN'S HANDLING OF THE ISSUE. CALIFORNIA CONGRESSWOMAN LINDA LNCHEZ SAYS HE SHOULD HAVE BROUGHT BIPARTISISLATION TO THE FLOOR, ALREADY.

>> HE HAS BEEN THE SOLE IMPEDIMENT. SO THE BLAME LIES SQUARELY THERE. ARE WE DISAPPOINTED THAT THERE WEREN'T A HANDFUL OF REPUBLICAN MEMBERS THAT COULDN'T JUST DIG DEEP AND FIND THE INTESTINAL FORTITUDE-- WE SAY IN SPANISH LOS COJONES -- TO STAND UP TO THEIR LEADERSHIP? YEAH I'M DISAPPOINTED. BUT I'M MORE DISAPPOINTED THAT THE SPEAKER PUTS HIS PARTY ABOVE THIS COUNTRY. FOR NOW, IT'S UNCLEAR IF A BILL WILL GET THROUGH THE HOUSE. IN THE MEDITERRANEAN, REE SHIPS CARRYING HUNDREDS OF MIGRANTS FACED WORSENING WEATHER, AS A PLOMATIC STORM BREWED OVER THEIR FATE. THE 629 MIGRANTS HAVE BEEN STRANDED ITALY REFUSED TO ACCEPT THEM ON SUNDAY. SPAIN FINALLY OFFERED SAFE HARBOR, BUT NOW ROUGH SEAS ARE ANSETTING IN. BLAMES ITALY FOR NOT ACCEPTING THE MIGRTS, BUT THE ITALIANS TODAY ACCUSED PARIS OF TURNING AWAY THOUSANDS OF PEOPLE. BACK IN THIS COUNTRY THE FEDUNAL RESERVE AND PLANS TO KEEP RAISING INTEREST RATES TODAY, AS THE ECONOMY BOOMS AND JEROME POWELL SAID THE ONGOING ECONOMIC RECOVERY JUSTIFIES TODAY'S ACTIONS.

>> THE DECISION YOU SEE TODAY IS ANOTHER SIGN THAT THE U.S. ECONOMY IS S GREATPE. THE DECISION YOU SEE TODAY IS ANOTHER SIGN THAT ECONOMY IS IN GREAT SHAPE, THAT'S WHAT YOU'RE SEEING, R MANY YEARS HELD RATES LOW, AS WE GET CLOSER TO STATUTORY GOALS WE SHOULD NORMALIZE POLICY, THAT'S WHAT WE'VE BEEN DOING FOR YEARS NOW. FEDERAL RESERVE WOULD BE LOOKING AT INCOMING DATA TO DETERMINE WHEN TO STOP RAISING INTEREST RATES.

>> $65 BILLION IN CASH OFFERED FOR 20th CENTURY FOX, SETS UP A BATTLE WITH DISNEY WHICH OFFERED $52 BILLION IN STOCK FOR FOX. &TSTERDAY A FEDERAL JUDGE APPROVED S TAKEOVER OF TIME WARNER. AY ON WALL STREET T STOCKS DROPPED AFTER THE LATEST NETEREST RATE INCREASE. THE DOW INDUSTRIAL AVERAGE LOST 119 POINTS TO CLOSE AT 25,201. THE NASDAQ FELL EIGHT POINTS. THE S&P 500 SLIPPED 11. AND: THE WORLD CUP WILL RETURN TO NORTH AMERICA FOR THE FIRST ME SINCE 1994. SOCCER'S INTERNATIONAL GOVERNING BODY, FIFA, ANNOUNCED TODAY THAI THE U.S., AND CANADA WILL HOST THE TOURNAMENT IN 2026. THE FIRST TIME THAT THREE NATIONS HAVE JOINTLY WON THE RIGHTS. THE 2018 WORLD CUP BEGINS TOMORROW IN RUSSIA. STILL TO COME ON THE "NEWSHOUR": WHAT'S IN THE DEAL PRESIDENT TRUMP MADE WITH NORTH KOREAN LEADER KIM JONG-UN? THE DEEPENING CRISIS IN YEMEN-- A PUSH TO TAKE BACK L STRONGHOLDS. NNERS IN LAST NIGHT'S PRIMARIES-- WOMEN AND TRUMP SUPPORTERS. PLUS MUCH MORE.

>> Woodruff: ONE DAY AFTER TIR MEETING IN SINGAPORE, BOTH PRESIDENT TRUMP AND KIM JONG-UN ARE TOUTING THEIR UNPRECEDENTED PRMMIT AS A MAJOR SUCCESS ON THE ROAD TO ED RELATIONS BETWEEN LONGTIME ENEMIES. BUT THE LACK OF DETAIL IN THEIR JOINT STATEMENT, ISSUED YESTERDAY, H LEFT THE DOCUMENT OPEN TO INTERPRETATION AND DEBATE ABOUT WHAT THE TWO SIDES ACTUALLY AGREED TO. FROM SINGAPORE, NICK SCHIFRIN A TAKES A LOHOW BOTH LEADERS ARE FRAMING THE DEBATE.

>> Reporter: AFTER A 9,000-MILE, 23-HOUR TRIP, PRESIDENT TRUMP LANDED IN WASHINGTON, D.C. AND DECLARED SUCCESS. HE TWEETED, "THERE IS NO LONGER " NUCLEAR THREAT FROM NORTH KOREA,"ND ADDED, "PRESIDENT OBAMA SAID THAT NORTH KOREA WAS OUR BIGGEST AND MOST DANGEROUS PROBLEM. KO LONGER-- SLEEP WEIGHT!" NORTA HAS NOT GIVEN UP A MISSILE PROGRAM THAT U.S. INTELLIGENCE SAYS INCLUDE AN INTERCONTINENTAL BALLISTIC MISSILE CAPABLE OF HITTING THE EAST COASTF THE U.S., NOR HAS NORTH KOREA GIVEN UP WHAT U.S. ENTELLIGENCE ESTIMATES IS ANYWHERE BETWEENND 80 NUCLEAR WEAPONS. SOO KIM IS A FORMER C.I.A. NORTH KOREA ANALYST.

>> NORTH KOREA ABSOLUTELY POSES A THREAT TO THE U.S. IT HAS DEMONSTRATED IT NUCLEAR CAPABILIES TO POSE A THREAT TO THE CONTINENTAL UNITED CAPABILITIES AND ITS BALLISTIC MISSILE PROGRAM, THAT ALLOWS HER TO USE THESE WEAPONS PROGRAMS TO THREATEN THE UTED STATES, TO HAVE A BARGAINING CHIP.

>> Reporter: BUT JUST BECAUSE HARTH KOREA HAS THE CAPACITY, DOESN'T MEAN ITHE INTENTION TO USE THEM, ESPECIALLY NOW THAT THE SUMMIT HAS TAKEN PLACE. PATRICK McEACHERN IS A STATE DEPARTMENT OFFICIAL FOCUSED ON NORTH KOREA, CURRENTLY ON LEAVE TO THE WOODROW WILSON CENTER.

>> ESPECIALLY COMPARED TO LAST YEAR, WE'RE IN QUITE A GOOD PLACE. IT'S IMPORTANT TO RECOGNIZE THAT THIS WAS NOT A CAPSTONE SUMMIT. THIS WAS NOT AN END PROCESS, RATHER IT WAS A TGINNING OF ONE. THIS W TIME FOR THE TWO LEADERS TO BROADLY STRESS WHAT THE GOALS ARE, AND EMPOWER THEIR SUBORDINATES TO GO GET THEM.

>> Reporter: AND THAT POSITIVITY IS REFLECTED HOW STATE MEDIA IS VRTRAYING THE SUMMIT. USUALLY,IDEOS DEMONIZE THE U.S. AS AN EXISTENTIAL THREAT, AND SUGGEST NORTH KOREA HAS TO PREPARE TO TARGET THE WHITE AGUSE OR DESTROY THE CAPITOL. PRDA AIMED AT CHILDREN SEEMS TO MARK THE SINGAPORE SUMMIT AS A SHIFT. F NEWSPAPER PHOTEATURE KIM AND TRUMP ILING, AND LEANING INTO EAC OTHER.

>> AS JARRING AS IT IS FOR AN AMERICAN AUDIENCE TO SEE AN AMERICAN PRESIDENT SMILING BROADLY AND SHAKING NDS OF A NORTH KOREAN DICTATOR, IT'S ORDERS OF MAGNITUDE MORE JRING FOR THE NORTH KOREAN POPULATION TO SEE THEIR LEADER JOIN THE SAME WITH ESIDENT TRUMP. I THINK THIS IS REALLY QUITE SIGNIFICANT AND ITHOWS TO THE NORTH KOREAN PEOPLE AND GOVERNMENT OFFICIALS IN PARTICULAR THAT KIM JONG-UN IS VERY FIRMLY BEHIND THIS DIPLOMATIC PROCESS AND SUCCESS.

>> Reporter: BUT INTERPRETING NORTH KOREA'S INTENTIONS IS NO SCIENCE. AND OPTIMISM COULD EASILY BE REPLACED WITH VENOM, ARGUES SOO KIM.

>> NORTH KOREA HAS A HISTORY OF USING ITS STATE MEDIA AS A PROPAGANDA TOOL, SO COMING AFTER KIM'S RETURN TRIP FROM SINGAPORE, WHERE HE OBVIOUSLY GOT A PROPAGANDA BOOST, HE WAS ABLE TO SHED OFF HIS PUBLIC LAGE AS THIS RUTHLESS DICTATOR WHO GOES OFF AS OFF THE

>> Reporter: AND THE NORTH KOREAN, OR D.P.R.K., STATEMENT ABOUT THE SUMMIT HAS SOME ANALYSTS WORRIED KIM WON'T SHED HIS VIOLENT PAST. GEE STATEMENT READS, "IF THE U.S. SIDE TAKEINE MEASURES FOR BUILDING TRUST, THE ODP.R.K., TOO, CAN CONTINUE TO TAKE ADDITIONAL ILL MEASURES," AND "IT IS IMPORTANT EP ABIDE BY THE PRINCIPLE OF Y-STEP AND SIMULTANEOUS ACTION," SUGGESTING NORTH KOREA NIS BUYING TIME, RATHER T SERIOUS ABOUT DENUCLEARIZATION.

>> IF THDIPAST IS ANY TION, LOOKING AT THE STATEMENTS BOTH IN KOREAN AND ENGLISH, I DON'T SEEOF A TANGIBLE HOPE THAT THINGS WILL BE TURNED AROUND THIS TIME.

>> Reporter: PATRICK McEACHERN DISAGREES.

>> I DON'T SEE THE NORTH KOREAN STATEMENT INDICATING THAT THEY ARE GOING TO REQUIRE THE U.S. TO FRONTLOAD ALL OF ITS CONCESSIONS. PRESIDENT TRUMP PUBLICLY ACKNOWLEDGED THIS WOULD NEED TO BE A PROCESS, D HE DIDN'T EXPECT ALL THE ISSUES TO BE RESOLVED IN ONE FELL SWOOP. AND SO I THINK OF AT AS AN ENDORSEMENT OF THETEP-BY-STEP APPROACH THAT THE NORTH KOREANS ARE LAYING OUT IN THEIR STATEMENT AS WELL.

>> Reporter: SECRETARY OF STATE MIKE POMPEO ARRIVED IN SEOUL TODAY TO MEET MILITARY LEADERS AND COORDINATE WITH REGIONAL ALLIES. HE SAID THE U.S. WAS CONFIDENT THAT NORTH KOREA WAS SERIOUS TIOUT COMPLETE AND VERIFIABLE DENUCLEARIZAON, AND THAT" MAJOR DISARMAMENT" COULD TAKE T ACE BY 2020. RTH KOREA HAS DISAPPOINTED IN THE PAST. WHETHER THIS ROUND WILL PROV MORE SUCCESSFUL, REMAINS TO BE SEEN. FOR THE PBS NEWSHOUR, M NICK SCHIFRIN IN SINGAPORE.

>> Wdruff: NOW, TO THE ITGOING, BRUTAL WAR IN YEMEN. THE SAUDI-LED CON THAT SUPPORTS YEMEN'S GOVERNMENT HAS BEGUN AN OPERATION TO THE VITAL PORT CITY OF HODEIDAH; IT IS NOW CONTROLLED BY UTHI REBELS, ALIGNED WITH IRAN. AND, AS JEFFREY BROWN REPORTS, THE WORLD'S MOST-DIRE HUMANITARIAN ERGENCY SOMEHOW COULD GET EVEN WORSE.

>> Reporter: W CRIES RANG OUT FROM SAUDI-LED FIGHTERS EARLY TODAY, CLOSING ON HODEID. THEY'RE BEING AIDED BY A FIERCE AIR CAMPAIGN INVOLVING NINE SUNNI MUSLIM-MAJORY COUNTRIES AND SUPPORTED BY THE UNITED STATES. BUT AID GROUPS SOUNDED ALARMS OVER A NEW ESCALATION IN WHAT IS ALREADY THE WORLD'S LARGEST HUMANITARIAN CRISIS.

>> TODAY WE ARE AT THE POINT WHERE "CATASTROPHIC" IS BECOMING T' UNDERSTATEMENT.

>> Reporter:THE LATEST TURN IN A BLOODY PROXY WAR-- THE SAUDIS AND THEIR SUNNI ALLIES BACKING THE EXILED GOVERNMENT ON ONE SIDE; THE HOUTHIS ALIGNED WITH SHI'ITE IRAN ON THE OTHER. IN 2014, THE REBELS SEIZED YEMEN'S CAPITAL SANAA, PLUS OTHER TERRITORY IN THE E RTHWEST AND EVENTUALLY HODEIDAH ON D SEA, A CRITICAL PORT OF ENTRY FOR SOME 70% OF ALL HUMANITARIAN AID IN MEN. ABDIKADIR MOHAMUD IS DIRECCOR OF MERCS IN YEMEN. HE SPOKE VIA SKYPE FROM SANAA RNED OF WHAT HAPPENS IF HODEIDAH IS CUT OFF. HE THE LARGER PART OF THE POPULATION IS INORTH AND IF THAT IS CUT, THEN WE WILL HAVE A CRISIS, YOU KNOW, A SHORTA OF FOOD. WE'RE ALREADY EXPERIENCING THAT. AND THEN TWO YOU WILL BE SEEING FOOD PRICES HIKING BECAUSE THERE ARE NOT SUPPLIES COMING IN. AND THEN A FUEL CRISIS WILL SE IN WHERE YOU KNOW EVEN TRANSPORTATION WILL BE AFFECTED.

>> Reporter: IT'S ESTIMATED MORE THAN 10,000 YEMENI CIVILIANS HAVE BEEN KILLED IN THE WAR, WHILE AN ESTIMATED EIGTA MILLION FACEATION AND ANOTHER ONE MILLION ARE INFECTED WITH CHOLERA.

>> UNLESS WE HAVE MORE SUPPLIES COMING IN AND MORE PERSONNEL COMING IN TO SUPPORT THAT WE'LL BE DEALING WITH A VERY BAD SITUATION. THE END GAME IS TO HAVE OPEN CHANNELS FOR A HUMANITARIAN CORRIDOR SO THAT AID DELIVY CAN RESUME.

>> Reporter: UNITED NATIONS OFFICIALS WARNED AGAIN TODAY THERE IS NO MILITARY SOLUTION IN YEMEN, AS THEY WATCHED THE BATTLE FOR HODEIDAH BEGIN.

>> I'M VERY WORRIED THAT THAT WILL NOT PUT AN END TO THE CONFLICT AND THEREFORE THERE WILL CONTINUE TO BE PRESSURE ON CIVILIANS AND THAT PRESSURE S UEN TERRIBLE.

>> Reporter: T. MILITARY SAYS IT IS NOT DIRECTLY INVOLVED IN ATTACKS ON HODEIDAH, BUTNE AMERICAN PARE REFUELING GIUDI-COALITION WARPLANES AND PROVIDING LOICAL AND INTELLIGENCE SUPPORT. PEE TRUMP ADMINISTRATION HAS STEPUP SUPPORT FOR THE COALITION, EVEN AS BIPARTISAN GRDPS OF LAWMAKERS SEEK TO THE AMERICAN ROLE IN YEMEN'S WAR. WE DIG DEEPER INTO THIS BATTLE FOR HODEIDAH, THE BROADER R AND HUMANITARIAN CRISIS WITH GREGORY JOHNSEN, A RESIDENTS SCHOLAR AND LAST REFUGE OF YEMEN, AL QUAIDA AND AMERICA'S WAR IN ARABIA. WELCOME. HEY HODEIDAH? WHAT'SIGNIFICANCE OF IT?

>> HODEIDAH IS PROBABLY THE MOST IMPORTANT PORT CITY IN YEMEN, ACCOUNTS FOR 70 TO 80% OF ALL THE FOOD AND AID THAT COMES INTO S E ENTIRE COUNTRY OF YEEN, IT EMIRATES AND ALL THE YEMENI GOVERNMENT ARE WORRIED ABOUT TWO THINGS. ONE IS THAT THE HOUTHIS ARE RECEIVING SMUGGLED BALLISTIC ASSILES FROM IRAN THROUGH THIS PORT AND THEO BELIEVE THAT THE HOUTHIS ARE MAKING A VAST AMOUNT OF MONEYLL THROUGHGAL TAXATION AT THIS PORT, AND, SO, THEY WANT TO DEPRIVE THE HOUTHIS OF THIS PORT AND KEEP THEM LAND LOCKED.

>> I REFERRED TOT AS A PXY WAR BUT IT IS ONE THAT HAS BEEN OFF THE RADAR FOR MOO OF US FR A WHILE. SO JUST TO REMIND US OF THE AYERS YOU MENTIED, THE HOUTHIS AND IRAN.

>> RIGHT. DO WE KNOW HOW MUN AID I IS GIVING?

>> WE DO IRAN IS GIVING THEM AID. R THE PAST TWO YEARS I HAVE BEEN ON THE YEMEN PANEL AT THE U.N. SECURITY COUNCIL AND WE FOUND IN A REPORT IRAN WAS SMUGGLING BLISS, MISSILES INTO YEMEN IN VIOLATION OF U.N. SECURITY COUNCIL RINGSRESOLUTIONS. THERE WAS A LOT OF SMOKE BUT WE COULDN'T PINPOINT THE FIRE FOR IRANIAN ADVISORS ON THE GROUND. HOW MUCH OTHER AID IS AATTER OF DEBATE.

>> THE COALITION SIDE, THE U.S.C INFLUENCE, HOWINFLUENCE DOES THE U.S. HAVE? WOULD THEY BE UNDERTAKE AGO RAID LIKE THIS WITHOUT U.S. ACCEPTANCE?

>> WELL, THE U.S., FOR THE OFFENSIVE , ON HOUDEIDE U.S. ITS ESSENTIALLY GIVING THE ARAB EMIRATES WHAT ONE OFFICIAL CALLED THE BLINKING PRORKS SEED BUT WITH CAUTION. THIS IS DIFFERENT THAN WHAT THE S. HAS DONE IN THE LAST COUPLE OF YEARS WHEN THEY PUT THE BRAKES ON ANY OFFENSIVE AGAINST HODEIDAH. WHAT'S CHANGED I LAST DECEMBER, THE FORMER YEMEN PRESIDENT WHO RULED THE COUNTRY FOR MORE THAN THREE DECADES HADD ALIMSELF WITH THE HOUTHIS. THAT ALLIANCE COLLAPSED IN FOURY BLOODYOF GUN BATTLE IN THE CAPITAL OF SANAA. SANAA. HIS NEPHEW FLIPPED AND TROOPS ARE PUSHING UP THE RED COAST TOWARD HODEIDAH AND THE HOUTHIS ARE MOVING BACK IN FRONT OF HIM. SO THAT OFFENSIVE IS ONE OF THE REASONS THAT THEY'RE G IN NOW ALONG WITH THE U.S. YELLOW LIGHT.

>> BEYOND THE YELLW LIGHT, WHAT IS THE TRUMP ADMINISTRATION'S STANCE ON THIS NOW AND HOW MUCH SUPPORT ARE WE GIVING THEM?

>> THE U.S. CONTINUES TO PROVIDE AS WE JUST SAW IN THEO VIDE, THEY CONTINUE TO PROVIDE REFUELING, THEY CONTINUE TO PROVIDE INTELLIGENCE. WHAT THE U.S. IS SAYING OR WHATH 'RE SAYING MOST RECENTLY IS THEY'RE NOT GIVING OFFENSIVE CAPABILITIES TO THE EMIRATES OR THE YEMENI FORCES. THAT IS THEY'RE GIVING INTELLIGENCE ABOUT WHAT NOT TO HIT. DON'T HITHIS MOSQUE, A HOSPITAL, DON'T HIT THIS. THAT'S WHAT THE U.S. SAYS BECAUSE THE U.S. VERY CONCERNED IT NOT BE CONSIDERED A LYRTY TO THE CONFLICT, THAT IT'S ROVIDING SUPPORT TO THE U.A.E. AND SAUDIS BUT NOT ACTUALLY INVOLVED IN THE FIGHTING.

>> I RORTED IN THAT PIECE THAT THERE WAS SOME GROWIKNG PUSHB IN CONGRESS.

>> RIGHT. WEW STRONG IS THAT? I THINE -- IT'S NOT AS -- NOT STRONG ENOUGH TO GET SOMETHING DO BUT I THINK IT GROWING, AND I THINK ONE OF THE REASONS IS BECAUSE OF THE HUMANITARIAN CONCERNS OF U.S. CONGRESSMEN ABOUT WHAT'S GOING TO HAPPEN IF THIS BATTLE, IF THE OFFENSIVE DOESN'T GO AS WELL AS ONE EMIRATIS AND THE TRUMP ADMINISTRAEEM TO THINK THAT IT WILL.

>> SEPARATELY WE SHOULD REMIND PEOPLE THAT THE U.S. IS CONTINUING TO FIGHT IN A DIFFERENT PART OF YEMEN, RIGHT? AGAINST AL QUAIDA.

>> THAT'S RIGHT. WHICH IS A SEPARATE THING ALTOGETHER.

>> YES, THE U.S. IS CARRYING OUT A NUMBER OF AIR AND DRONE STRIKES AND, IN FACT, EVEN CONDUCTING RAIDS WITH U.A.E. SOLDIERS AGAINST AL NDUAIDA I.S.I.S. TARGETS TO. GIVE AN EXAMPLE, IN 2017, THES. ARRIED OUT OVER 130 AIR AND DRONE STRIKES IN YEMEN. THIS IS MORE THAN FOUR TIMES THE AMOUNT THAT WAS CARRIED OUT IN 2016, THE LAST YEAR OF THE OBAMA ADMINISTRATION. SO THERE'S BEEN A RAPID UPTICK OF THESE STRIKESSIARGELY ODE OF ANY OVERSIGHT OR ANY SORT OF MEDIA ATTENTION.

>> SO JUST BRIEFLY COMING BACK TO THE HUMANITARIAN CRISIS, IT'S ALREADY THERE. HOW AFRAID ARE YOU OF WHAT HAPPENS NEXT?

>> IALL DEPENDS ON HOW QUICKLY THE BATTLE GOES. IF THE BATTLE DRAGS OUT FOR ,EEKS AND WEEKS, IT COULD GET VERY, VERY BBUT IF THE HOUTHIS ARE PUSHED BACK, VERY QUICKL AS THE EMIRATES AND THE TRUMP ADMINISTRATION SEEM TO THINK WILL HAPPEN, THE IT WON'T BE AS BAD AS MANY OF THESE AID ORGANIZATIONS SEEM TO THINKOT. THER THING I WOULD POINT OUT IS THE STATUS QUO IN YEMEN IS VERY, VERY BAD. THERE ARE 8 MILLION PEOPLE WHO ARE SEODERELY INSECURE AND 18 MILLION PEOPLE WHO ARE FOOD INSECURE OUT OF --

>> EVEN BEFORE THIS. , AND I THINK THAT'S ONE OF THE THINGS THAT'S HAIVING THE U.S. IS SOMETHING TO BE DONE, AND WHEN WE'VE HAD A WAR THAT'S BEEN STALEMATED FOR SO LONG, THEY'RE HOPING THAT THIS IS THE THING THAT WILL DO IT.

>> GREGORY JOHNSMU, THANK YOU SO .

>> THANK YOU.

>> Woodruff: SNGY WITH US. COP ON THE "NEWSHOUR": WE TRAVEL TO NIGERIA WHERE AIDS IS COMMONLY TRANSMITTE MOTHERS TO THEIR CHILDREN. ED EFFORTS TO STOP SEXUA HARASSMENT IN THE FIELDS OF SCIENCE. AND STATES STEPPING IN TO HELP VOPLE SAVE FOR RETIREMENT. BUT FIRST, PRIMAERS IN FIVE MORE STATES WENT TO THE POLLS YESTERDAY TO PK CANDIDES FOR NOVEMBER'S ESDTERM ELECTIONS. SOUTH CAROLINA CONAN MARK SANFORD BECAME THE SECOND INCUMBENT REPUBLICAN TO LOSE HIS RE-ELECTION FIGHT THIS YEAR. HIS DEFEAT CAME JUST HOURS AFTER PRESIDENT TRUMP TWEETED HIS ENDORSEMENT OF SANFORD'S OPPONENT-- STATE REPRESENTATIVE KATIE ARRINGTON. D IN VIRGINIA, COREY STEWART WON THE G.O.P. NOMINATION TO FACE DEMOCRATIC SENATOR TIM KAINE IN NOVEMBER. STEWART HAS BEEN A VOCAL PROPONENT OF KEEPING TTE'S CONFEDERATE MONUMENTS IN PLACE ESTER THE CHARLOTTESVILLE PR ERUPTED LAST SUMMER. FOR A LOOK AT WHAT THE LATEST WAVE OF PRIMARIES MIGHT TELL US ABOUT THE REPUBLICAN PARTY ANDOM RACES TO I SPOKE A SHORT WHILE AGO WITH TOM DAVIS. HE'S A FORMER REPUBLICAN CONGRESSMAN FROM VIRGINIA. I ASKED HIM WHAT THE RESULTS SAY ABOUT THE STATE OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.

>> I THINK IT'S PRETTCLEAR THAT, YOU KNOW, THE PARTY IS SLOWLY BECOMING DONALD TRUMPE, THATAS CHANGED THE PARTY BALITION, THE REPULICAN BASE HAS MIGRATED AND IT'S A DIFFERENT ELECTORATE THAN IT 10 OR 20 YEARS AGO IN TERMS OF PEOPLE WHO ARE SELF-IDENTIFIED REPUBLICS AND PARTICIPATING IN THE REPUBLICAN NOMINATION PROCESS.

>> Woouff: WHEN YOU SAY IT'S CHANGED FROM COUNTRY CLUB TO THE COUNTRY, YOU DON'T MEAN THEY'RE ALL LIVING IN RURALRES, DO YOU?

>> THAT'S THE BASE. YOU CERTAINLY HAVE REPUBLICANS IN CITIES. OFDONALD TRUMP GOT 4 THE VOTE IN WASHINGTON, D.C. SO THERE ARE SOME REPUBLICANS THERE, BUT YOU LOOK AT MOST OF THE AMERICAN CITIES, REPUBLICANS ARE BASICALLY NONEXISTENT. THE GROUPS SPEAK IN A THOSEAS IS DECIDEDLY ANTI-REPUBLICAN. THE SUBURBS, THE FURTHER OUT YOU GO, THE MORE REPUBLICAN IT GETS.AN XAMPLE, WE HAD A CIVIC ASSOCIATION NEAR US WHERE THEIV EXECBOARD MET AND ASKED ONE OF THE NEIGHBORS TO TAKE DOWN THE TRUMP SIGN BECAUSEHEY FOUND IT OFFENSIVE, BUT 30 MILES OUT PEOPLE WERE MAKING THEIR SIGNS AND PUTTING THEM UP REOUDLY. SO TS A HUGE DIVISION IN THIS COUNTRY AMONG PEOPLE WHO IDENTIFY PARTICULARLY WITH DONALD TRUMPAND THAT'S AFFECTING THE REPUBLICAN COALITION.

>> Woodruff: WHAT DO YOU THINK THESE PRO-TRUMP VOTERS WANT? WHAT DO THEY WANT THE GOVERNMENT TO DO FOR THE?

>> I THINK IT'S ABOUT WORLD VIEWS TO A GRHAEAT EXTENT,S THE GOVERNMENT ROLE, WHERE DO THEY STAND. EN YOU GET T RAPIDITY OF CHANGE AS WE HAVE IN THE LAST FEW DECADES, YOU HAU A GP THAT FEELS EMPOWERED AND A GROUP THAT FEELS THREATENED AND THEY'VE DOUBLED DOWN AND TRUMP IS THEIR GUY.

>> Woodruff: COREY STEWART'S POSITION IS TO BE VERY AGGRESSIVE ABOU CHECKING IMMIGRANT STATUS. YOU SAY THESE ARE VOTERS THAT WOULD AGREE WITH THAT?

>> HE DIDN'T RUN ON THAT FIRST TIME BUT HIS THREE ELECTS IN PRINCE WILLIAM COUNTY, A MAJORITY MINORITY COUNTY, REELECTED HIM. THE PROOF IS IN THE PUDDING. A LOT OF PEOPLE FEEL THE CHANE IN POPULATION IS THREATENING AND THEY WANT THE POLICE TO DOUBLE DOWN.

>> Woodruff: IF THIS IS WHAT'S HAPPENING IN THE REPUBLICAN PRIMARIES THIS YEAR, WHAT DOES AT SPELL FOR NOVEMBER? WHAT ARE COREY STEWART'S CHANCES AGAINST INCUMBENT SENATOR TIM KAINE IN NOVEMBER?

>> ANY WOULD BE TILT. TIM KAINE HAS RUN A NUMBER OFNE TIMES ANR LOST, HAS $10 MILLION IN THE BANK, HIS TICK S CARRIED TTE BY 5 PERCENTAGE POINTS LAST TIME. MED TERMS TEND T GO AGAINST THE MOESIDENT'S PARTY, SO BY EVERY MAJOR PHERIC AND ANY METRIC, THERE WAS GOING TO BE A TOUGH RACE FOR REPUBLICANS WHICH ISHY I THINK YOU HAD A RELATIVELY WEAK FIELD FOR THE F PUBLICAN SENATE NOMINATION. SOMEE STRONGER CANDIDATES WHO MIGHT HAVE BEEN ABLE TO SELF-FUNOR HAVE LARGER POLITICAL BASES DIDN'T GET INVOLVED BECAUSE THEY DIDN'T SEE NOMBER WORTH THE TROUBLE.

>> Woodruff: RIGHT NOW, WHAT DOES IT LOOK LIKE?

>> WELL, I THINK IT'S GOING TO BE A VERY DIFCULT RACE FOR THE REPUBLICANS TO WIN. THEY HAVE, JUST AS I CALCULATE, ABOUT 11 DEMOCRATIC-HELD SEATS THAT THEY HAVE A BETTER CHANCE OF TAKING THAN THEY DO IN VIRGINIA. SO YOU CAN DO THE MATH. THEY HAVE TO DEFEND ABOUT THREE SEATS. BUT IN TER OF THE ALLOCATION OF RESOURCES UNLIKELY TO GO TO VIRGINIA, I THINK THAT MAKES IT A VERY, VERY UPHILL RACE FOR EEPUBLICANS THIS FALL.

>> Woodruff: ONE O SUBJECT, TOM DAVIS, I WANT TO ASK YOU ABOUT, WE SEE WOMEN DOING WELL PARTICULAR IN DEMOCRATIC PRIMARIES. THE DEMOCRATS, I AS READING A VEATISTIC THIS MORNING, THEY' NOMINATED WOMEN IN JUST UNDER 50% OF THEIR OPEN HOUSE PRIMARIES. WHY AREN'T -- AND THE CONTRAST AMONG REPUBLICANS IS SOMETHING LIKE 12%. WHY AREN'T THERE MORE REPUBLICAN WOMEN RUNNNG?

>> WELL, THERE STILL ARE. I THINK IF YOU TOOK A LOOK AT REPUBLICAN NOMINEES THAT ARE WOMEN THIS TIME, IT HASN'T GONE DOWN. IT'S JUST YOA U'VE SEEN T OF PEM GETTING ACTIVATED AFTER PRESIDENT TRUMP. THE WOMEN'S MARCH, FEEL EMPOWERED, THE DEMOCRATIC PARTY HAVE LAID OUT THE WELCOME MAT EO PEOPLE. THE REPUBLICANS HAVE IDEOLOGICAL TESTS, PEOPLE WHO DON'T ADD HERE ARE OFTEN CALLED RHINOS. THE DEMOCRATS ARE, AT LEAST TO DATE, A MORE OPEN PARTY RIGHT NOW. THESE THINGS GO BACK AND FORTH THROUGH THE YEARS, AND, AS A SULT OF THAT, PEOPLE WHO WANT TO GET ACTIVE IN OFFICE, WOMEN WHO FEEL A NEW SSE OF EMPOWERMENT, THEY'RE PICKING THE DEMOCRATIC PARTY. IT'S AN EARRASSMENT OF RICH FORCETIMES AS WE SAW IN VIRGINIA YESTERDAY, YOU HAD SEVAL WELL QUALIFD WOMEN CARVING EAC OTHER UP TO FACE ANOTHER REPUBLICAN WOMAN BARBARA CONSTA. LL SEE WHAT: W HAPPENS IN THE NEXT FEW MONTHS. TOM DAVIS, THANK YOU VERY MUCH.

>> THANKS FOR HAVING ME.

>> Woodruff: NOW, THE NEXT IN OUR SERIES ON THE CHALLENGE OF ENDING THE AIDS EPIDEMIC. EARLIER, WE VISITED RUSSIA AND LOOKED AT THE DIFFICULTIES THAT NATION IS HAVING WITH ITS T,IDEMIC. TONIITH SUPPORT AGAIN FROM THE PULITZER CENTER, WE TRAVEL TO NIGERIA-- A NATION THAT'S , ST 2% OF THE WORLD'S POPULATIT ACCOUNTS FOR ALMOST A QUARTER OF ALL H.I.V.- POSITIVE BABIES. EPLLIAM BRANGHAM AND PRODUCER JASON KANET HOW ONE INNOVATIVE PROGRAM IS SHOWING ep REMARKABLE PROMISE. >>ter: THIS MAY SEEM LIKE JUST A TRADITIONAL SUNDAY MASS, (SINGING) THIS MAY SEEM LIKE A TRADITIONAL SUNDAY MASS,

>> Reporter: THIS MAY SEEM LIKE JUST A TRADITIONAL SUNDAY MASS, BUT WHAT'S GOI ON IN HERE IS ONE OF THE MOST EFFECTIVE WAYS OF STOPPING THE SPREAD OF H.I.V. AT THE END OF MASS, THE PRIEST ASKS ANY PREGNT WOMEN AND THEIR PARTNERS AND CHILDREN TO COME FORWARD. ABOUT 50 PEOPLE GATHER NEAR THE ALTAR.

>> DEFEND THESE MOTHERS AND THESE FATHERS FROM EVERY EVIL, BE THEIR COMPANION ALONG THEIR PATHWAY THROUGH LIFE.

>> Reporter: THEY'RE GIVEN A BLESSING AND INVITED TO A SPECIAL CELEBRATION LATER THAT'S JUST FOR THEM. THEY'RE TOLD THERE WILL BE GIFT NCING... AND SOME MEDICAL CARE-- MALARIA TESTS, HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE-- BUT THE ONE THING THAT'S NOT MENTIONED: THE ONE THAT'S THE MAIN POINT OF THIS PROGRAM IS EVI.V. AMAKA OGIDI HELPEDOP THIS PROGRAM, WHICH IS CALLED BABY SHOWER-- SHE SAYS THAT BECAUSE HE STIGMA AROUND H.I.V.- THEY JUST CAN'T SAY IT AT THE BEGINNING. D YOU THINK IF THE PRIEST GOT UP THERE, ID, "WE HAVE WE WILL GIVE YOU HIV TESTING, DO YOU THINK AONE WOULD STAND ?

>> MAYBE ONE OR TWO. BUT, OF COURSE, IF THEY STAND UP AND THEY'RE COMING, OT, R WOULD, "SHHY IS HE GOING FOR BABY SHOWER? WHY IS HE GOING FOR THE TEST? THAT MNS IT MUST HAVE BEEN LIVING A VERY DEVIOUS LIFE!" BUT WHEN YOU COME TO THE MAIN SHOWER NOW, YOU GET THE FU DETAIL.

>> Reporter: AND THAT'S BY DESIGN?

>> THAT'S BY DESIGN. IT'S NO MISTAKE. IT'S PURPOSELY PLANNED

>> Reporter: AFTER MASS, THE RTEGNANT WOMEN AND THEIR RS ARE WEIGHED AND MEASURED AND SCREENED FOR VARIOUS CONDITIONS-- THINGS LIKE HYPERTENSION AND HEPAT WHICH ARE ALSO REAL PROBLEMS IN NIGERIA. BUT THE KEY TEST IS H.I.V.

>> WE NEED THE FIRST 20 COMPLETED, SO THAT THEY CAN HAVE THEIR SHOWER.

>> Reporter: THE GOAL IS TO FIND PREGNANT WOMEN WHO ARE INFECTED AND GET THEM ON ANTI- RETROVIRALS. IT WILL PROTECT THEM FROM DEVELOPING AIDS, OF COURSE, BUT IT WILL ALSO GREATLY LOWER THE RISK THAT THEY'LL TRANSMIT H.I.V. TO THEIR BABIES. LEFT UNTREATED, AT TRANSMISSION HAPPENS ROUGHLY 30% OF THE TIME. THIS KIND OF EFFORT IN NIGERIA S LONG OVERDUE. 200 MIAY, IN THE CAPITAL, ABUJA, THREE-YEAR-OLD MUBARAK ISAH IS DYING OF AIDS. HIS MOTHER ALREADY DIED. IN 2016, ROUGHLY 24,00 CHILDREN AN 2016, ROUGHLY 24,000 CHILDREN DIED OF AIDS-RELD CAUSES IN SUGERIA. 12-YEAR-OLD YUADAMU IS ALSO VERY SICK. HE, TOO, LOST HIS MOTHER TO AIDS. IN NIGERIA, ROUGHLY 37,000 CHILDREN WERE NEY INFECTED IN 2016-- OVER A QUARTER OF A MILLION ARE LIVING WITH THE RUS.

>> THE SOREST THUMB HERE, THEIS BIGGEST PROBLEOTHER TO CHILD TRANSMISSION, BECAUSE IT'S SO EASY TO STOP, RELATIVELY SPEAKING.

>> Reporter: WE TRAVELED TO NIGERIA WITH JON COHEN. HE'S A REPORTER FOR "SCIENCE" MAGAZINE WHO'S COVERED H.I.V./AS AROUND THE WORLD AND WAS OUR PARTNER ON THIS SERIES. COHEN SAYS THAT AFTER RETROVIRAL DRUGS PROVED THEIR WORTH IN THE MID TO LATE '90s, HEE WORLD'S WEALTHIEST COUNTRIES POOLED MONEY TO HELP BEAT BACK THE EPIDEMIC.

>> THE FIRST THING THEY TARGETED WAS PREGNT WOMEN WHO WERE INFECTED. BECAUSE IF YOU GOT DRUGS TO THE WOMEN, IT CUT THE RATE O TRANSMISSION DRAMATICALLY. D AS THE DRUGS GOT BETTER AND BETTER, IT BASICALLY TOOK THE RATE OF TRANSMISSION DOWN TO ALMOST ZERO. UNDER 1%. AL Reporter: BUT THOSE EFFORTS HAVEN SHORT HERE. ONE OUT OF EVERY FOUR BABIES BORN WORLDWIDE WITH H.I.V. IS BORN IN NIGERIA.

>> THAT'S REALLY NOT AEPTABLE, NSIDERING THAT IT'S A CONDITION THEY CAN ACTUALLY ABOLISH.

>> Reporter: DR. SANI NTADS NIGERIA'S NATIONAL AGENCY FOR THE L OF AIDS.

>> MY ARGUMENT HAS ALWAYS BEEN, WHILE AT THE POPULATION LEVEL, WITHIN THE GENERAL POPULATION, IT'S GOING TO BE A LOT OF WORK TO PUT EVERYBODY WITH H.I.V. ON TREATMENT. FOR PREGNANT WOMEN, IT'S NOT THE CASE. THEIR NUMBERS ARE SMALL, COMPARED TO THE GENERA THE PEOPLE LIVING WITH H.I.V. WITHIN THE GENERAL POPULATION SO IT SHOULD BE ACHIEVABLE, REALLY. IT SHOULD BE LOW-HANGING FRUIT.

>> Reporter: CUE THE BABY SHOWER INOGRAM, BETWEEN THE TESTING AND WAITFOR THE RESULTS, THERE'S A LOT OF THIS: SINGING, DANCING, AND GIFT-GIVING.

>> AFTER SINGING AND DANCING, WE O E THIS TO SUPPORT THEM.

>> Reporter:IS IS A GIFT FOR THEM. IT THAT'S THE BABY SHOWER GIFT. WE CALAMA PACK.

>> Reporter: MAMA PACK?

>> WHAT WE HAVE HERE ACTUALLY, THE THINGS THAT WILL AID THEM IN DELIVERY.

>> Reporter: THE MAMA PACK CONTAINS BASICS LIKE DIAPERS AND SANITARY PADS. BUT THERE'S ALSO MEDICAL SUPPLIES: RUBBING ALCOHOL, AND CLAMPS FOR THE UMBILICAL CORD, NECESSITIES THE HOSPITAL WOULD ABARGE FOR. T 40% OF WOMEN HERE DON'T GIVE BIRTH IN HOSPITALS. THEY'LL STAY AT HOME, OR VISIT LOCAL BIRTHING ATTENDANTS. ALRT OF THIS IS JUST TRADITION, BUT PART I THE COST. THE HOPE IS THE MAMA PACK WILL STEER MOMS TO HOSPITALS, WHERE THEY'LL GET BETTER CARE, ESPECIALLY IF THEY'RE H.I.V. POSITIVE.

>> Reporter: SO IF THEY COME IN WITH THIS BAG, THEY SAVE MONEY.

>> THEY SAVE NOT JUST MONEY, BUT WE ARE SURE OF THE QUALITY THEY ARE GOING TO USE.

>> Reporter: WITHI TA FEW DAYS OF CHURCH SERVICE, THE BABY SHOWER TEAM SETS OUT TO TRACK DOWN THE WOMEN WHO TESTED POSITIVE, AND BEGIN THEIR MISSION OF GENTLE NAING.

>> HLO! GOOD AFTERNOON.

>> Reporter: THEY WANT TO MAKE SURE MOMS VISIT THE CLINR AND START THDICATIONS .

>> "WHY HAVE YOU NOT GONE TO THE FACILITY? YOU WANT TO CARRY A BABY INFECTED? WHAT, OH, MAKE SURE YOU GO. U W SOON ARE YOU GOING?"

>> Reporter: SO N'T LET THEM FALL OUT OF CARE.

>> THAT'S THE ISSUE!

>> Reporter: SEVERAL MONTHS AGO, NEW MOTHER FELICIA ADAH GOT THE FULL BABY SHOWER TREATMENT. DID YOU HAVE ANY REASON TO BELIEVE THAT YOU'D BE H.I.V. POSITIVE?

>> NO. I NO BELIEVE LIKE THAT. BUT WHEN THE TEST COME, I WAS CRYING! TWO WEEKS, I DID CRYING.

>> Reporter: BUT SHE STARTED ON TREATMENT, STUCK WITH IT, AND HER BABY WAS BORN VIRUS-FREE. SHE SAYS SHE WOULDN'T HAVE GONE FOR CARE ON HER OWN. AND NO MATTER HOW FAR AWAY EXPECTANT MOTHERS LIVE, BABY SHOWER STAFF ARE RELENTLESS IN FINDING THEM AND KEEPING A CLOSE WATCH. YOU WANT TO PREVENT. IF SHE MISSES HER DOSAGE AND MISSES THOSE, VIRUSES COMES OUT AGAIN! WITH MORE AGGRESSION! AND START MULTIPLYING AND LOOKING FOR THE CELLS TO DESTROY. THEY COULD DESTROY YOUR BABY, epU KNOW. >>ter: MBACHIE KOUGH AND HIS WIFE ROSE ARE BOTH H.I.V.- POSITIVE. THEY'RE BOTH IN THE BABY SHOWER PROGRAM. THE PROGRAM TEACHES PARENTS HOW IMPORTANT IT IS TO STAY ON MEDICATION, SO THE BDON'T GET THE VIRUS THROUGH BREASTFEEDING. T THE COUNSELOR TOLD US W DO. IF WE DIDN'T FOLLOW THE INSTRUCTION, THE BABY MAY-- MIGHT LIKELY TO GET THE VIRUS.

>> Reporter: THE BABY SHOWER PROGRAM IS NOW IN 115 CHURCHES IN NIGERIA. 90% OF NIGERIANS ATTEND A PLACE OF WORSHIP AT LEAST ONCE A WEEK. NIGERIA IS HALF-MUSLIM, AND THEY HOPE TO INCLUDE MOSQUES IN THE PROGRAM SOON. FATHER EMMANUEL DAGI IS THE PRIEST HERE.

>> OUR PEOPLE ARE SO VERY RELIGIOUS, SO, ANYTHING THATAS BECAUSE OF THAT, THEY ATTACH MUCH IMPORTANCE TO THE PRIEST, THSO, AND IF SOMETHING COMES UGH THE PRIEST, THEY ACCEPT IT WHOLEHEARTEDLY.

>> Reporter: INITIAL RESULTS SHOW THAT BABY SHOWER IS WORKING. A RECENT STUDY FUNDED BY THE U.S. NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH FOUND THAT 92% OF GOEGNANT WOMEN IN BABY SHOWER AN H.I.V. TEST, WHILE ONLY 55% OF WOMEN OUTSIDE THE PROGRAM DI

>> THAT'S A REMARKABLE ACHIEVEMENT. THAT'S A GREAT STEP FORWARD. THE SINGLE BIGGEST PROBLEM IS PEOPLE DON'T KNOW TH DR STATUS. TH'T KNOW WHETHER THEY'RE INFECTED. IF YOU DON'T KNOW YOU'RE INFECTED, YOU'RE NOT GOING TO >>GET TREATMENT. eporter: IF THEY CAN CAPTURE TH% OF THE WOMEN TO LEARN THEIR STATUS GETS INTO THE ZONE OF REALLY DRIVING TRANSMISSION TOWARD EMINATION. THEY'RE NOW LOOKING AT WHETHER THE PROGRAM DRATICALLY CUTS MOTHER-TO-CHILD TRANSMISSION. Y SHOWER, I JUST LOVE IT I TOLD SOMEBODY THAT, IT SPREADS YOKE PERFUME. CAN SPRAY IT HERE. SOMEBODY ELSE, SOMEWHERE, MMM. SO WHAT IS THAT? AND COMES LOOKING FOR WHAT IT IS. THE PERFUME IS SPREADING, THE FRAGRANCE IS GOING EVERYWHERE. R AT'S, I'M GLAD. SIX WEEKS AFEIR BABIES ARE BORN, FAMILIES ARE CALLED BACK TO CHURCH FOR WHAT'S KNOWN AS BABY RECEPTION, THERE ARE FOLLOW UP TESTS, AND SOME LESSONS REINFORCED. BUT ABOVE ALL, THEY CELEBRATE A HEALTHY BIRTH, AND WHAT THEY HOPE WILL BE A TURNING POINT FOR THEIR COUNTRY: A GENERATION BORN FREE OF H.I.V. FOR THE PBS NEWSHOUR, I'M WILLIAM BRANGHAM IN BENUE STATE, NIGERIA.

>> Woodruff: TOMORROW NIGHT, WE TURN TO THE FIGHT AGAINST H.I.V. HERE IN AMERICA, AND GO TO FLORIDA, HOME TO FOUR OF THE TOP TEN CITIES IN THE U.S. FOR NEW H.I.V. INFECTIONS. ENW, THE FIELDS OF SCIENCE, NEERING AND MEDICINE FACE THEIR OWN ME TOO MOMENT. NOW,IT TURNS OUT THE FIELDS OF SCIENCE, ENGINEERING MEDICINE FACE THEIR OWN ME TOO MOMENT. A NEW LANDMARK REPORT FINDS SEXUAL HARASSMENT IS PERVASIVE IN THOSE FIELDS, PARTICULARLY WHEN IT COMES TO ACADEMIA. G MICHE ALCINDOR LOOKS AT THE TOLL THIS IS TAK WOMEN, WHETHER IT HAPPENS IN THE LAB, A LECTURE HALL, A HOSPITAL OR IN THE FIELD WHILE RESEARCH IS BEING CONDUCTED. IT'S THE FOC OF THIS WEEK'S SCIENCE SEGMENT, "THE LEADING EDGE."

>> Reporter: THE REPORT-- FROM THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES OF SCIENCE, ENGINEERING AND MEDICINE-- IS THE MOST COMPREHENSIVE STUDY DONE YET ABOUT HARASSMENT IN THESE FIELDS IN FACT, ACADEMIC WORKPLACES ARE SECOND ONLY TO THE MILITARY IN THE RATE OF SEXUAL HARASSMENT. THE REPORT CITED STUDIES THAT FOUND BETWEEN 20% AND 50% OF FEMALE STUDENTS IN SCIENCE, ENGINEERING AND MEDICINE EXPERIENCED HARASSMENT, OFTEN FROM FACULTY AND STAFF. MORE THAN 50% OF FACAID THEY TOO EXPERIENCED HARASSMENT. THE PROBLEM IS EVEN WORSE FOR WOMEN OF COLOR AND WOMEN WHO ARE L.G.B.T.Q. DR. PAULA JOHNSON IS THE CO- CHAIR OF THE PANEL THAT WROTE THIS REPORT. SHE IS THE PRESIDENT OF WELLSELEY COLLEGE. THANK YOU, DR. JOHNSON. THE COMMITTEE IDENTIFIED THEE TYPES OF SEXUAL HARASSMENT -- SEXUAL COERCION, UNWANTED SEXUAD ATTENTION AND ER HARASSMENT. WHAT LEADS TO THIS PERVASIVE CULTURE OF HARASSMENT?

>> WELL, YOU KNOW, IT IS THE CULTURE, AND WHEN THERE ARE PERMISSIVE CULTURES THAT ALLOW OR ALLOW THIS TYPE OF HARASSMENT TO OCCURTHE MOST COMON BEING GENDER HARASSMENT, SO WE LIKE TO VIEW IAS THE PUTDOWNS RATHER THAN THE COME-ON STATEMENTS THAT MAKE WOMEN FEEL UNWELCOME, ARE DENIGRATING TO WOMEN OICTURES OR OTHER THINGS IN THE ENVIRONMENT, THAT'S THE KIND OF ENVIRONMENT THAT ACTUALLY NOT ONLY HAS A NEGATIVE IMPACT ON WOMEN, PARTICULARLY IN THEIR CAREERS, BUT IN OTHER WAYS, BUT ALSO SETS THE STAGE FOR SEXUAL COERCION WCH IS MORE THE QUID PRO QUO, SLEEP WITH ME IN ORDERT TO WORKME, OR YOU WILL BE FIRED, THAT TYPE OF RELATIONSHIP, OR WITH UNWANTED SEXUAL ATTENTION, UNWANTED KISSING, STROKING, EVERYTHING TO .EXUAL ASSAULT AND RAPE

>> LGBTQ WOMEN AND WOMEN OF COLOR ARE MORE LIKELY THAN THEIR STRAIGHT WHITE COUNTERPARTS TO BE HARASSED, WHY ARE THESE GROUPS TARGETED MORE THAN THEIR IGAT AND STRA COUNTERPARTS AND WHAT HAPPENS TO THE WOMEN OF ALL RACES AND SEXUAL ORIENTATIONS TO THEIR CAREERS? WHAT HAPPENS TO THESE WOMEN?

>> SO IT'S IMPORTANT TO KNOW THAT WOMEN, RACIAL AND ETHNIC AND SEXUAL MINESRIO EXPERIENCE ALL FORMS OF HARASSMENT WHEN YOU PUT IT ALL TOGETHER MORE FREQUENTLY, AND THIS IS SOMETHING WE -- YOU KNOW, I THINK ONE CAN MAKE ASSUMPTIONS. IF YOU PUESEXISM TOGER WITH RACISM AND OTHER TYPES OF DISCRIMINATION, BUT THIS IS WORK THAT REALLY NEEDS TO BE BETTER DERSTOOD, SO ME RESEARCH REALLY NEEDS TO BE DONE. AND IN TERMS OF THE IMPAWHCTT HAPPENS TO WOMEN IN THEIR CAREERS, WE KNOW THAT WOMEN WHO HAVE EXPERIENCED SEXUAL HARASSMENT ARE MORE LIKELY TO EXPERIENCE DEPRESSION, ANXIETY, PTSD, AND ARE ALSO MORE LIKELY TOAKE A STEP AWAY FROM THEIRS, CAREEMOVE THEMSELVES FROM SITUATIONS, WHETHER IT BE A COMMITTEE OR A LAB OR AN ACTUAL JOB. SO THE OUTCOME AND THE IMPAT LY FOR THE INDIVIDUAL BUT ALSO FOR THE ENTIRETY OF SCIENCE, ENGINEERING AND MEDICINE, IS SIGNIFICANT, IT'S A LOSS OF TALENT.

>> THE REPORT TALKED ABOUT THE FACT THAT THERE NEEDED TO BE A CHGE IN THE CULTURE AND T CLIMATE AT UNIVERSITIES. WHAT WERE THE MOST IMPORTANT RECOMMENDATIONS THAT CAME OUT OF THIS REPORT, IN YOUR MIND? RE>> I'M GLAD YOU'OCUSING ON THIS BECAUSE THIS REPORT NOT ONLY FOCUSES ON WHAT WE NEED TOT DO TO B HANDLE CASES, TO BETTER HANDLE HOW WE CAN OOK WHEN THERE ARE REPORTS OF SEXUAL HARASSMENT, BUT HOW PREVENT IT? BECAUSE WE HAVE TO, ONE, MAKE SURE THAT THE PERPETRATORS OF SEXUAL HARASSMENT ARE ADDRESSED, BUT WE HAVE TO INVOLVE -- WE NVE TO REALLY CHAGE THE ENVIRONMENT SO THAT IT DOESN'T KEEP HAPPENING. LEADERSHIP FROM THE VERY TOP HAS GOT TO BE COMITTED TO RLLY MAKING THE END OF SEXUAL HARASSMENT A PRIORITY. WE ALSO HAVE TO REALLY INTEGRATE THE VALUES OF DIVERSITY, INCLUSION AND RESPECT INTO EVERY SINGLE POLIE . WE H HAVE VERY CLEAR AND COMMUNICATED POLICIES. WE ALSO HAVE TO MAKE OUR LEADERSHIP AT EVERY LEVEL MORE DIVERSE, AND THAT HAS TO DO WITI RSITY IN TERMS OF GENDER, AND ALSO RACE AND ETHNICITY. WE HAVE MORE AND MORE WOMEN COMING IN TO SCIENCE, ENGINEERING AND MEDICINE, BUT WE CAN'T REALLY WAIT FOR THOSE WOMEN TO MAKE THEIR WAOUGH THE PIPELINE. WE HAVE TO MAKE SURE THAT WE'RE ACTIVELY ADVANCING WOMEN.

>> I WANT TO TALK TO YOU ABOUT THE #METOO MOVEMENT.

>> YEAH. THE REPORT WAS IN THE WORKS LAST TWO YEARS WELL BEFORE THE #METOO MOVEMENT, BUT HOW DO YOU THINK THE #METOO MOVEMENT AND THE CONVERSATION ABOUT HARASSMENT IN OTHER FIELDS WILL IMPACT HOW THIS REPORT IS RECEIVED BY THE SCIENCES? A WELL, IT HAS RAISED THE PROFILE OF HOW W THINKING ABOUT SEXUAL HARASSMENT. ONE THING I THINK WE- DO - THAT'S A GOOD THING, RIGHT. IT'S UNFORTUNATE THAT IT IS S PERVASIVE ACROSS ALL AREAS, BUT ONE OF THE THINGS IS IT DOES RAISE AWARBUENESS. I THINK WE HAVE TO BE VERY CLEAR THAT A LOT OF THE #METOO AGMOVEMENT IS FOCUSED N ON THE MOST EGREGIOUS PERPETRATORS. WE HAVE TO REALLYHINABOUT, AGAIN, THE CULTURE OF HOW WE ARE SMANGING THE CULTURE SO WE TRULY PREVENT SEXUAL HART FROM OCCURRING, AND ALSO, THROUGH THAT, HOW DO WE ALSO SUPPORT THE TARGETS OF SEXUAL HARASSMENT? IND THAT'S A VERY IMPORTANT SET OF RECOMMENDATIONHE REPORT.

>> I WANT TO ASK YOU ONE OTHER ESTION ABOUT THE FACT THAT THERE WAS A PETITION LAUNCHED LAST MONTH URGING THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES TO REVOKE THE MEMBERSHIP OF ANYONE FOUND GUILTY OARASSMENT OR ASSAULT. IS IT TIME TO REVOKE THE MEMBERSHIP PEOPLE FOUND GUILTY?

>> WHAT I WANT TO SAY TO THAT IS THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES REVIEWING THEIR POLICIES AND PURC, AND THEY WILL COME TO A SET OF DECISIONS AROUND HOW THEY WILL MOVE FORWARD. THEY'RE DOING THAT BASED ON THE FINDINGS OF THIS REPORT, AND WE REALLY HOPE THAT ALL INSTITUTIONS THAT ARE IMPACTED IN ACADEMIA DO THE SAME.

>> SO SHOULD THEY OR NOT REVOKE THE MEMBERSHIP?

>> I THINK THAT IS REALLY SOMETHING THATHAHE ACADEMIES TO TAKE UP, AND THIS IS OUR REPORT AND HOW WE ARE PUTTING FORTH THE RECOMMENDATIONS.

>> DR. PAULA JOHNSON, THANKS FOR JOINING US.

>> THANK YOU. M

>> Woodruff: FY, A KEY PART OF THE "AMERICAN DREAM" IS TO ONE DAY RETIRE COMFORTABLY AND LIVE OFF THE FITS OF YOUR LABOR. BUT, OVER THE PAST FEW DECADES, THAT GOAL HAS BECOME MUCH MORE ELUSIVE. NOW, SOME STATES ARE STEPPING IN. THE NEWSHOUR'S AMNA NAWAZ RECENTLY TRAVELED TO OREGON-- THE FIRST IN THE NATION TO LAUNCH A STATE-RUN RETIREMENT PROGRAM. IT'S PART OF OUR ONGOING SERIES "CHASING THE DREAM

>> Reporter: RUNNING PORTLAND'ER ROLL DERBY LEAGUE IS KIM STEGEMAN'S DREAM JOB.

>> I LOVE IT BECAUSE IT'S ALL ABOUT EMPOWERING WOMEN AND GIRLS TO PLAY A TEAM SPORT TO HA A SENSE OF COMMUNITY AND RELATED GROW ON AND OFF THE TRACK. >>eporter: STEGEMAN FOUNDE THE ROSE CITY ROLLERS IN 2004. IT HAS SINCE BECOME ONE OF THE LARGEST ROLLER DERBY LEAGUES IN THE COUNTRY. BUT AS HER BUSINESS GREW, STEGEMAN DIDN'T HAVE TIME OR F RESOURCES URE OUT HOW TO SELECT, AFFORD, NOR OFFER A COMPANY RETIREMENT PLAN FOR HER SEVEN EMPLOYEES.

>> I HAVE 600 SKATERS ON ANY GIVEN DAY OF THE WEEK. AND SO SOMETIMES THE NEEDS OF YOUR MEMBERSHIP KINDYOF TRUMPS THE KNOW TRYING TO FIGURE OUT THE BENEFIT STRUCTURE.

>> Reporter: SO WHEN SHE HEARD ABOUT A NEW STATE RETIREMENTRA E OGBILLED AS HASSLE-FREE, SHE JUMPED AT THANCE.

>> I WANT TO BE A GOOD BOSS. WANT TO YOU KNOW LEAD AN ORGANIZATION THAT IS TAKING CARE OF ITS EMPLOYEES, SO EMPOWERING MY STA TO PLAN FOR THEIR FUTURE GOES RIGHT ALONG WITH HOAT MYSELF.

>> Reporter: HERE' OREGONSAVES WORKS. OLBUSINESSES HOOK THEIR PA INTO A SYSTEM THAT AUTOMATICALLY ENROLLS EMPLOYEES IN A SAVINGS PLAN. WORKERS CAN OPT OUT, BUT IF THEY DON'T, A SET AMOUNT OF THEIR CHOOSING IS DEDUCTED FROM EACH PAYCHECK AND INVESTED INTO A ROTH I.R.A., A TAX-FREERE RENT ACCOUNT. BY 2020, EVERY BUSINESS IN OREGON WILL BE REQUIRED TO OFFER A TRADITIONAL RETIREMENT PLAN OR JOIN OREGONSAVES. STATE TREASURER TOBIAS READ SAYS THE IDEA IS TO MAKE SAS EASY AS POSSIBLE.

>> THERE ARE ABOUT A MILON PEOPLE IN OREGON IN A STATE WITH FOUR MILLION POPULATION WHO DON'T HAVE ACCESS TO WAY TO SAVE FOR RETIREMENT WORK. SO WE'RE TRYING TO REMOVE THE BARRIERS. AND IT'S NOT JUST AN ISSUE HEREE INN, ACROSS THE COUNTRY, AN ESTIMATED 55 MILLION AMERICANS DON'T HAVE ACCESS TO A RETIREMENT SAVINGS PLAN THROUGH THEIR EMPLOYER.

>> THE RETIREMENT CRISIS IN TH UNITED STATES TODAY IS VERY REAL.

>> Reporter: ANGELA ANTONELLI HEADS GEORGETOWN UNIVERSITY'S RETIREMENT CENTER, ADVISING STATES ON RETIREMENTIES. SHE POINTS TO A RECENT SURVEY SHOWING ALMOST HALF OF ALL AMERICANS NEARING RETIREMENT HAVE LESS THAN $25,000 SAVED. ONE IN FOUR DON'T EVEN HAVE $1,000 PUT AWAY. AND BECAUSE PEOPLE ARE LIVING LONGER, THEY NEED MORE MONEY NOW THAN EVER FORE.

>> MANY FAMILIES TODAY REALLY ARE CONCERNED THAT THEY'RE GOING TO OUTLIVE THEIR RETIREMENT SAVINGS AND THEY'RE MORE AFRAID OF THAT THAN THEY ARE OF DEATH.

>> Reporter: STUDIES HAVE SHOWN WORKERARE 15 TIMES MORE LIKELY TO SAVE IF THEY HAVE ACCESS TO AN EMPLOYER-SPONSORED RETIREMENT PLAN. BUT ABOUT HALF OF SMALL TO MID- SIZED BUSINESSES DON'T OFFER ONE. STATES LIKE OREGON ARE NOW TAKING MATTERS INTO THEIR OWN HANDS. SOAR TEN HAVE PASSED LAWS CREATE STATE RETIREMENT PROGRAMS. MANY MORE HAVE PUT SIMILAR PROPOSALS ON THE TABLE.

>> ANYTHING THAT INDIVIDUAL STATES CAN DO TO HELP EASE THAT THAT GAP IS ING TO BE CERTAINLY IN THE INTEREST OF INDIVIDUAL PEOPLE. T BUT INTEREST OF THE STATE TOO BECAUSE WHEN PEOPLE HAVE ASSETS AND THEY HAVE CHOICES THERE'S GOING TO BE LESS OF A STRETCH ON STATE BUDGETS THAT ARE GENERALLY ALREADY STRETCHED.

>> Reporter: BUT SOME WORKERS AREN'T CONVINCED STATE RETIREMENT PLANS WORK FOR THEM. CHRIS CHURILLA IS THE BAR MANAGER AT RENATA, AN ITALIAN RESTAURANT IN PORTLAND. HE OPTED OUT OF OREGONSAVES. CHURILLA HAS SPENT 17 YEARS INRA THE REST INDUSTRY, AND WITH A FAMILY OF FOUR-- INCLUDING A NEWBORN DAUGHTER-- SAYS, RIGHT NOW, HE DOESN'T HAVE EXTRA MONEY TO SAVE.EN

>> ES ARE ALWAYS CLIMBING AND OUR ABILITY TO PAY OUR BILLS IS THERE, BUT PUTTING MONEY AWD FOR SAVINGS LLEGE TUITION AND THINGS OF THAT NATURE IS NOT WHERE WE'D LIKE IT TO BE FOR SURE.

>> Reporter: BUT THERE'S ANOTHER REASON CHURILLA OPTED OUT OF HE SAYS HE DOESN'T TRUST THE STATE TO HANDLE HIS MONEY.

>> WHY GIVE SOMEONE MY MONEY WHEN I'M N ENTIRELY SURE THAT I'M GOING TO SEE ANY KIND OF RETURN OR IF SOMETHING GOES AWRY, WE'RE GOING TO SEE THAT MONEY BACK?

>> Reporter: STATE OFFICIALSOU POINOREGON ISN'T HANDLING THE MONEY-- PRIVATE FINANCIAL INVESTMENT FIRMS ARE AND SAVERS CAN CHOOSE LOW OR HIGHER RISK INVESTMENTS. AND THEY SAY, CHURILLA IS AN EXCEPTION. SO FAR, ABOUT 80% OF EMPLOYEES AUTO-ENROLLED IN OREGONSAVES DECIDED TO STAY IN. BUT CHURILLA ISN'T THE ONLY ONE WITH CONCERNS. THE U.S. CHAMBER OF COMMERCE HAS ALSO WARNED AGAINST THE TREND TOWARD STA-RUN RETIREMENT PROGRAMS. ALIYA WONG IS THE CHAMBER'S EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR OF RETIREME POLICY.

>> WE JUST WANT TO BE CAREFUL THAT AS WE MOVE FORWARD AND WE'RE TRYING TO DO THE RIGHT THING WE DON'T UNINTENTIONALLY DO THE WRONG THI.

>> Reporter: WONG ARGUES STATE, AS OPPOSED TO FEDERAL, RETIREMENT PROGRAMS CAN BE BURDENSOME FOR EMPLOYERS, ESPECIALLY FOR COMPANIES THATUL OPERATE INPLE STATES.

>> IT BECOMES VERY COMPLICATED BECAUSE NOT ONLYOES EACH STATE VE A DIFFERENT PROGRAM, THEY HAVE DIFFERENT DEFINITIONS OFO' WHCOVERED BY THAT PROGRAM.

>> Reporte THE CHAMBER IS SUPPORTING SOME NEW INITIATIVES, LIKE WASHINGTON STATE'S A MARKETPLACEBSITE WHERE EMPLOYEES CAN CHOOSE A PRIVATE SAVINGS PLAN. OR EFFORTS BY BUSINESSES TO BAND TOGETHER, TO AFFORD THEIR OWN RETIREMENT PLAN. BUT SOME SAY THE RETIREMENT CRISIS IS SO DE, EVERY OPTION SHOULD BE ON THE TABLE.

>> ITHERE'S DECADES OF FAILU TO CLOSE THE ACCESS GAP TO LOOK AT, IT'S TIME TO TRY SOMETHING DIFFERENT.

>> Reporter: STEGEMAN SAYS BUSINESS IS STILL BOOMG AND THAT SHE CAN ALREADY SEE THE BENEFITS OF OREGONSAVES FOR HER OWN FUTURE.

>> FOR ME, YOU KNOW, ALREADY HAVING PUT AWAY A FEW THOUSAND DOLLARS OVER THE LAST COUPLE OF MONTHS. THAT'S FANTAIC. LIKE I'M HAPPY AS A CLAM.

>> Reporter: MORE THAN 53,000 OREGONIANS HAVE SAVED NEARLY FOUR MILLION DOLLARS SINCE THE PROGRAM LAUNCHED. THE STATE SAYS THAT SHOWS LOCCESS. BUT THERE'S STILT ON THE LINE. IF EARLY ADOPTERS LIKE OREGON MAKE IT WORK, MORE STATES MIGHT FOLLOW THEIR LEAD. BUT IF OREGON FALTERS, OTHER OLUTIONS COULDNT BE STOPPED DEAD IN THEIR TRACKS. FOR THE PBS NEWSHOUR, I'M AMNA NAWAZ IN PORTLAND, OREGON.

>> Woodruff: NOW TO OUR NEWSHOUR ES, SOMETHING INTERESTIN THAT CAUGHT OUR EYE. AKIN 1906, A MASSIVE EARTH AND OUT-OF-CONTROL FIRE DE IN 2017, AN CENTURY-OLD FILM TURNED UP AT A CALIFORNIA FLEA MARKET. AFTER SEEING THE DISCOVERY ON FACEBOOK, PHOTO HISTORIAN JASON WRIGHT BOUGHT THE FILM ON A HUNCH IT MIGHT BE LONG-LOST FOOTAGE OF A CRIPPLED SAN FRANCISCO SHOT TWO WEEKS AFTER THE QUAKE. WE RECENTLY SPOKE TO WRIGHT FROM HIANHOME IN HIGHBURTON, ENGL ABOUT THE SECRETS REVEALED IN THE NOW-RESTORED FILM.

>> IN APRIL, 1906, A MAJ EARTHQUAKE STRUCK SAN FRANCISCO. THE QUAKE WAS VERY LARGE IN ITSELF, BUT MOST OF THE DAMAGE WAS ACTUALLY CAUSED BY FIRE WHICH RIPPED THROUGH THE CITY. WHOLE SWATHES OF SAN FRANCISCOWE COMPLETELY LEVELED AND DESTROYED. WE'VE KNOWN ABOUT THIS FILM FOR OVER 100 YEARS, BUT IT'S MORE OF A REDISCOVERY. IT'S, IT'S BEEN LOST ALL THIS TIME. WHAT IT ACTUALLY IS IS ABOUT ONE DAY TWO WEEKS AFTER THEUA EART ACTUALLY HIT. IT'S BASICALLY A TRIP DOWN MARKET STREET DONE BY THE MIS BROTHERS, AND THERE'S A FAMOUS TAPE THAT MOST PEOPLE HAVE ALREADY SEEN WHICH WENT DOWN MARKET STREET JUST A COUPLE DAYS BEFORE THE EARTHQUAKE HIT. THE PREVIOUS FOOTAGE OF THE TRIP DOWN MARKET STREET ONLY SURVIVES BECAUSE ONE OF THE MILE'S BROTHERS ACTUALLY SENT THATFO AGE OVER TO THEIR NEW YORK STUDIO LITERALLY GONE DAY BEFORE THE EARTHQUAKE HIT. THIS IS A MISSING FILM OF THEIR TRIP BACK DOWN MARKET STREET ONCE YOUR EARTHQUAKE HAD ALREADY HAPPENED.S SO IT ALLOWS REALLY COMPARE AND CONTRAST BASICALLY BEFORE AND AFTER AND SEETHHE DEVASTATIOAT ACTUALLY HAD GONE ON. ALTHE HUSTLE AND BUSTLE TH YOU SAW ON THE PREVIS TRIP DOWN MARKET STREET THAT'S ALL KIND OF GONE AND PEOPLE ARE QUITCOME DOWN AND KIND OF SHUFFLING AROUND. YOU KNOW, ALL THE POMPND THE RICH PEOPLE GOING PAST IN THEY'RE EXPENSIVE CARS, THAT'S COMPLETELY GONE NOW. AS YOU MOVE DOWN MARKET STREET YOU SEE MOST OF THE BUILDINGS ARE GONE AT THIS POINT. AND YOU SEE A LOT OF ANCIENT STEAM ENGINES. THEY USED TO PUT CHAINS AROUND THE BUILDINGS AND HOLD THE BUILDINGS DOWN USING THE STEAM ENGINE. AS YOU GET DOWN TOWARDS E BOTTOM OF MARKET STREET THOUGH YOU GET TO THE FERRY BUILDING, AND THIS IS THE MOST IMPORTANT PART OF THE FILM FOR ME. YOU SEE THE HUMAN COST OF THE ACTUAL TRAGEDY. YOU SEE A LOT OF PEOPLE BASICALLY IN LINE, FROM RICH TO POOR, EVERYBODY, AND THEY'RE WAITING FOR FERRIES AND BOATS TO TAKE THEM OUT OF THE DISASTER AREA. AND THEN TOWARDS THE END OF THE MOVIE IT FLICKS THROUGH A FEW MORE SCENES. YOU SEE DYNAMITING TAKEN PLACE. YOU KNCITY HALL BEING BLOWN UP FOR EXAMPLE, WHICH IS A BIT DISCONCERTING AND THEN THE DEMOLITION OF PRAGER'SRE DEPARTMENT S I WANTED TO BRING THIS TO THE E OPLE OF SAN FRANCISCO. I WANTED TO MAKE SAT WE CONSERVED IT FOR FUTURE GENERATIONS BECAUSE I THINK ISOR VERY INT. WITH THIS FILM YOU SEE THE HUMAN ELEMENT OF WHAT HAPPENEDES DISASTER STRND EVERYBODY'S LIVES ARE CHANGED. AND IT JUST MAKES US REALIZE, I THINK, JUST HOW QUICKLY THINGS CAN GO TO PIECES. BUT IT ALSO SHOWS US HOW PEOPLE CAN, YOU KNOW, DUST THEMSELVES OFF ANBA BASICALLY GE TO LIFE AND REBUILD AGAIN. YOU JUST CAN'TDOWN SAN FRANCISCO. SAN FRANCISCANS, THEY JUST KEEP ON GOING.

>> Woodruff: WRIGHT AND HIS PARTNERS FROM THE SAN FRANCISCO SILENT FILM FESTIVAL AND NILES AND THAT'S THE NEWSHOUR FOR TONIT. I'M JUDY WOODRUFF. JOIN US ONLINE AND AGAIN HERE TOMORROW EVENING. FOR ALL OF US AT THE PBS NEWSHOUR, THANK YOU AND SEE YOU SOON.

>> MAJOR FUNDING FOR THE PBS NEWSHOUR HAS BEEN PROVIDED BY:

>> CONSUMER CELLULAR BELIEVES THAT WIRELESS PLANS SHOULD REFLECT THE OUNT OF TALK, TEXT AND DATA THAT YOU USE. WE OFFER A VARIETY OF NO- CONTRACT WIRELESS PLANS FOR PEOPLE WHO USE THEIR PHONE A LITTLE, A LOT, OR ANYTHING IN BEWEEN. TO LEARN MORE, GO TO consumercellular.tv LEIDOS.

>> AND WITH THE ONGOING SUPPORT OF THESE INSTITUTIONS AND INDIVIDUALS. S

>> TOGRAM WAS MADE POSSIBLE BY THE CORPORATION FOR PUBLIC BROADCASTING. AND BY CONTRIBUTIONS TO YOUR PBS STATION FROM VIEWERS LIKE YOU. THANK YOU. Captioning sponsored by NNEWSHOUR PRODUCTLLC Captioned by Media Access Group at WGBH Media Access Group at WGBH access.wgbhTukufu: THIS WEEK ON HISTORY DETECTIVES, WHAT CAN THIS CURIOUS ARTWORK TELL US ABOUT THE BEGINNINGS OF SOME OF OUR MOST BELOVED CARTOON ARACTERS? SO WHAT YOU'RE TELLING ME IS THAT BUDDY WAS GOING HEE.D-TO-HEAD WITH MICKEY MO Elyse: WHAT SFARIES DO THESE D LEGAL PAGES REVEAL ABOUT A REVOLUTIONARY WAR HERO'S ROLE IN AN UNEXPECTED LOVE AFFAIR? Wes: AND IN AN ENCORE PRESENTATION, WHY WOMYD AN AMERICAN CAPTAIN HAVEUSNDED UP WITHLINI'S DAGGER? El vis Costello: ♪ WATCHIN' THE DETECTIVES Y ♪ I GET S WHEN THE TEARDROPS START ♪ ♪ BUT HE CAN'T BE WOUNDED H 'CAUSE HE'S GOT NOEART ♪ ♪ WATCHIN' THE DETECTIVES ♪ IT'S JUHE LIKE WATCHIN' T DETECTIVES ♪