PBS NewsHour; September 22, 2016 3:00pm-4:00pm PDT

Captioning sponsored by NEWSHOUR PRODUCTIONS, LLC

>> Woodruff: GOOD EVENING, I'M JUDY WOODRUFF.

>> Ifill: AND I'M GWEN IFILL.

>> Woodruff: ON THE NEWSHOUR TONIGHT...>>

>> I AM URGING EACH OF YOU MEMBERS OF OUR COMMUNITY TO COMU TOGETHER IN PEACE.

>> Woodruff: CALLS FOR CALM IN CHARLOTTE, NORTH CAROLINA, AFTER ANOTHER NIGHT OF VIOLENT PROTESTS IN RESPONSE TO A POLICE SHOOTING ROCKS THE CITY.

>> Ifill: ALSO AHEAD THIS THURSDAY, IN OUR TWO-PART LOOK AT HOW THE MAJOR CANDIDATES WOULD ACTUALLY GOVERN, WE BEGIN WITH A COMPREHENSIVE GUIDE TO THE EARLY DAYS OF A POTENTIAL DONALD TRUMP PRESIDENCY.

>> Woodruff: AND, MAKING SENSE OF THE WAY MARKETERS TRY TORY MANIPULATE CUSTOMERS MAKING M FINANCIAL DECISIONS, BEFORE WE EVEN FACE THEM.

>> WHAT NEW PSYCHOLOGY SUGGESTS IT'S THE FACTOR THAT IS TOP OF CONSCIOUSNESS AT THE MOMENT BEFORE YOU MAKE THAT ECONOMIC DECISION THAT WILL WIN THE DAY.

>> Ifill: ALL THAT AND MORE ON TONIGHT'S PBS NEWSHOUR.

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>> Woodruff: SOLDIERS ARE IN THE STREETS OF NORTH CAROLINA'S LARGEST CITY TONIGHT, AFTER TWO NIGHTS OF VIOLENCE. O AND, THE PEOPLE OF CHARLOTTE ARE WAITING TO SEE WHAT HAPPENS NEXT, IN THE STREETS, AND IN THE INVESTIGATION OF THE FATAL SHOOTING THAT STARTED IT ALL.

>> I FIRMLY BELIEVE WE CANNOT TOLERATE ANY VIOLENCE DIRECTED TOWARD CITIZENS.

>> Woodruff: APPEALS FOR CALM CAME FROM ALL QUARTERS, FROM GOVERNOR PAT McCRORY ON DOWN. HOURS EARLIER, HE DECLARED A STATE OF EMERGENCY, AND SENT NATIONAL GUARD TROOPS ROLLING INTO THE CITY. THAT FOLLOWED ANOTHER NIGHT THAT BEGAN WITH PEACEFUL DEMONSTRATIONS AGAINST THE POLICE KILLING OF A BLACK MAN OE TUESDAY.

>> WHOSE STREETS? OUR STREETS!

>> Woodruff: BUT IT QUICKLY TURNED AGAIN TO VIOLENCE: SOMEONE STARTED SHOOTING DURINGE A MARCH.

>> SHOTS FIRED, SHOTS FIRED!

>> Woodruff: A BLACK PROTESTER WAS CRITICALLY WOUNDED, AND MANY IN THE CROWD ACCUSED THE POLICE.

>> WHEN THEY SHOT THE GUY, THEY STARTED SCREAMING NO JUSTICE NO PEACE, AND THEN THEY JUST SHOT HIM.

>> Woodruff: THE CROWD RETREATED BEFORE PAINT BALLS AND TEAR GAS, BUT SMALL GROUPS SMASHED WINDOWS, LOOTED STORES AND SET FIRES. POLICE DENIED THEY HAD SHOT THE PROTESTER, BUT CHIEF KERR PUTNEY SAID TODAY IT'S BEINGHI INVESTIGATED.

>> THE ALLEGATION WAS MADE THAT ONE OF OUR OFFICERS MIGHT HAVE BEEN INVOLVED.FF AS I SAID BEFORE, GUYS, WE ARE HERE TO SEEK THE TRUTH.RE SO WE'RE INVESTIGATING THAT TO FIND THE TRUTH, THE ABSOLUTE TRUTH.

>> Woodruff: THE CITY ALSO FACED GROWING PRESSURE TO RELEASE VIDEO OF THE FATAL SHOOTING THAE SET THE PROTESTS IN MOTION. OFFICIALS SAY KEITH LAMONT SCOTT HAD A GUN AND REFUSED TO PUT IT DOWN.S HIS FAMILY INSISTS HE WAS UNARMED. CHIEF PUTNEY SAID TODAY THE VIDEO RAISES MORE QUESTIONS.

>> THE VIDEO DOES NOT GIVE ME ABSOLUTE DEFINITIVE, VISUAL EVIDENCE THAT, THAT WOULD CONFIRM THAT A PERSON IS POINTING THE GUN. I DID NOT SEE THAT IN THE VIDEOS THAT I REVIEWED.

>> Woodruff: THE CHIEF SAID HE'S TRYING TO ARRANGE TO LET THE FAMILY SEE THE VIDEO, BUT HE CITED STATE LAW AS A REASON NOT TO MAKE IT PUBLIC. AS THE DAY WENT ON, THE LOCAL DISTRICT ATTORNEY ASKED THE STATE BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION TO TAKE OVER THE CASE. WHILE IN WASHINGTON, ATTORNEY GENERAL LORETTA LYNCH ANNOUNCED SHE'S SENDING IN A TEAM OF PEACEKEEPING EXPERTS, AND SHE MADE AN APPEAL OF HER OWN.

>> I URGE THOSE RESPONSIBLE FOR BRINGING VIOLENCE TO THESE DEMONSTRATIONS TO STOP BECAUSE YOU ARE DROWNING OUT THE VOICES OF COMMITMENT AND CHANGE AND YOU'RE USHERING MORE TRAGEDY AND GRIEF IN OUR COMMUNITIES.

>> Woodruff: BACK IN CHARLOTTE, SOME OF THE CITY'S BIGGEST EMPLOYERS, FROM BANK OF AMERICA AND WELLS FARGO TO DUKE ENERGY, TOLD WORKERS TO STAY HOME. MEANWHILE, NATIONAL GUARD TROOPS FANNED OUT, WITH HUNDREDS MORE OFFICERS ALSO EXPECTED ON THES STREETS TONIGHT. FOR SOME FURTHER INSIGHT INTO WHAT LOCAL OFFICIALS AND COMMUNITY LEADERS ARE DOING THID EVENING, I'M JOINED BY TREVOR FULLER.ADY HE'S THE CHAIR AT LARGE OF THE MECKLENBURG COUNTY BOARD OFT COMMISSIONERS. HE'S BEEN OUT IN THE CHARLOTTE COMMUNITY TODAY AND I SPOKE WITH HIM A SHORT TIME AGO. CHAIRMAN FULLER, THANK YOU FOR JOINING US. HOW WOULD YOU DESCRIBE THE SITUATION IN CHARLOTTE RIGHT NOW?

>> NOTE DOUBT IT'S VERY TENSE. THANK YOU FOR HAVING ME, JUDY. IT'S A TENSE TIME IN MECKLENBURG COUNTY, SOMETHING WE HAVEN'THA REALLY SEEN IN OUR LIFETIMES. SO WE ARE TRYING OUR BEST TO KEEP THINGS UNDER CONTROL AS BEST WE CAN.

>> Reporter: WHAT ARE YOU HEARINGL FROM W PEOPLE YOU'RE TALKING TO IN THE COMMUNITY? WE SHOULD SAY MECKLENBURG COUNTY ENCIRCLES THE CITY OF CHARLOTTE.

>> THAT'S RIGHT. T MECKLENBURG COUNTY, WE HAVE OVEH A MILLION PEOPLE WHO LIVE HERE, APPROXIMATELY 800,000 OF WHOM80 LIVE IN THE CITY OF CHARLOTTE, AND WHAT WE'RE HEARING IS A HIGH DEGREE OF UNREST, UNCERTAINTY ABOUT WHAT'S GOING TO HAPPENN TONIGHT AND THE NEXT SEVERAL DAYS. SO WHAT WE'RE TRYING TO DO IS TO MANAGE THE FLOW OF INFORMATION, TO MANAGE OUR EMOTIONAL STATE AND HOPING THAT WE CAN GET SOME CALM SO THAT WE CAN THEN HAVE THE DILOG THAT WE SO -- DIALOGUE WE SO DESPERATELY NEED.

>> Woodruff: DO YOU THINK IT BRING BRIGHT DECISION TO IN THE NATIONAL GUARD TO BEEF UP AND HELP THE POLICE TONIGHT?

>> IT'S CLEAR WE DID NOT HAVE ENOUGH RESOURCES LAST NIGHT AND, SO, I FELT IT WAS NECESSARY FOR US TO HAVE ADDITIONAL RESOURCES AVAILABLE TORE US. EVEN IF IT'S MORE THAN WE NEED,E I THINK WE'RE BETTER OFF HAVING THE GREATER RESOURCES THAN NOT.O

>> Woodruff: WHAT SORT OF JOB DO YOU BELIEVE THE LEADERS INLE THE COMMUNITY HAVE DONE SO FAR,, THE POLICE CHIEF, MAYOR ANDOUTERS?

>> WELL, I THINK EVERYONE ISE WORKING JUST AS HARD AS THEY CAN TO TRY TO DEAL WITH THE SITUATION THAT WE HAVEN'T DEALT WITH IN OUR COMMUNITY. WE'VE HAD BIG EVENTS HERE, BUT NOTHING QUITE LIKE THIS. SO I'M A LITTLE MORE FORGIVING UNDER CIRCUMSTANCES THAT PEOPLE HAVEN'T DEALT WITH BEFORE.BE I THINK WE'RE DOING THE BEST WE CAN, IN PARTICULAR OUR CHIEF OF POLICE WHO IS TRYING HARD UNDER VERY DIFFICULT CIRCUMSTANCES TO MAINTAIN CONTROL.

>> Woodruff: WHAT DO YOU MEAN WHEN YOU SAY THIS IS Y SOMETHING THE COMMUNITY HAS NOT DEALT WITH BEFORE?

>> WELL, CHARLOTTE IS A WELCOMING PLACE, AND WE LIKE TO DEAL WITH OUR ISSUES BY TALKING THROUGH THEM, BY DEVELOPINGEV PLANS OF ACTION TOGETHER, AND WE ARE NOT A COMMUNITY THAT HAS THIS KIND OF DISRUPTION.IN WE ARE A PEACEFUL COMMUNITY, AN WE BELIEVE IT'S BETTER WHEN WE ARE ABLE TO TALK WITH EACH OTHER, EVEN IF WE HAVE DIFFICULT CONVERSATIONS, THAT IT'S BETTER TO TALK THROUGH THESE THINGS AND DEVELOP A COMMUNAL PLAN OF ACTION. SO TO HAVE THESE KINDS OF UNREST AND VIOLENCE IN OUR COMMUNITY IS SOMETHING THAT IS JUST NOT NORMAL FOR US.S.

>> Woodruff: BUT DO YOU SEE THE JUSTIFICATION THAT APPARENTLY MANY FEEL FOR BEING ANGRY IN THAT THEY FEEL SOMETHING WAS DONE IN THE SHOOTING OF THIS MAN WHO THEY SAY DIDN'T DESERVE TO BE SHOT TO DEATH?

>> YEAH, THERE IS NO QUESTION THAT I GRIEVE FOR THE FAMILY OF MR. SCOTT. I GRIEVE FOR THE PEOPLE WHO ARE IN THE STREETS WHO ARE PROTESTING, AND WHAT I BELIEVE THEY ARE PROTESTING IS A SENSE OF HELPLESSNESS, OF FEELING UNDER SIEGE, THAT THE SYSTEM DOESN'T RESPOND TO THEM.RE SO THAT'S WHY IN MECKLENBURG COUNTY I HAVE BEEN TALKING SO MUCH ABOUT THE CHALLENGE OF ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY, HOW CAN WE MAKE SURE THAT PROSPERITY THAT'S IN THIS COUNTY GETS SHARED BY ALL? I'VE TALKED ABOUT UNIVERSAL PRE-K IN MECKLENBURG COUNTY, THE STRENGTH OF OUR EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM. SO THERE IS NO QUESTION THAT THE PROTEST, THE UNREST THAT WE'RERE SEEING HAS A SOURCE, A LEGITIMATE SOURCE. OUR CHALLENGE NOW IS HOW DO WE GET TO THE ROOT OF THAT AND SOLVE IT WITHOUT VIOLENCE.

>> Woodruff: AND WHAT DO YOU THINK THE ANSWER TO THAT IS?

>> WELL, THE ANSWER IS, FIRST, WE HAVE TO REGAIN CALM.CA WE HAVE TO REGAIN SECURITY BECAUSE, MY VIEW IS, WHEN EMOTIONS ARE HIGH, INTELLIGENCE IS LOW, AND, SO, WE'VE GOT TO GET OUR COMMUNITY IN A PLACE OF SAFETY SO THAT WE CAN HAVE THESE CONVERSATIONS THAT WE NEED TO HAVE, CONVERSATIONS ABOUT WHO SHARES AN ECONOMIC PROSPERITY, CONVERSATIONS, DIFFICULT CONVERSATIONS ABOUT RACE, BUT, IT'S VERY DIFFICULT TO HAVE THOSE CONVERSATIONS WHEN PEOPLE DO NOT FEEL SAFE. SO WE FIRST HAVE TO ESTABLISHS SAFETY AND THEN WE NEED TO NOT ONLY HAVE A DIALOGUE BUT ALSO HAVE A PLAN OF ACTION ANDD EXECUTE ON IT.

>> Woodruff: TREVOR FULLER WHO IS THE MECKLENBURG COUNTY COMMISSION CHAIR, WE THANK YOU VERY MUCH.RY

>> THANK YOU VERY MUCH, JUDY.

>> Ifill: IN THE DAY'S OTHER NEWS, PROSECUTORS IN TULSA, OKLAHOMA CHARGED A WHITEOK POLICEWOMAN WHO KILLED AN UNARMED BLACK MAN LAST FRIDAY. OFFICER BETTY SHELBY WILL BE TRIED FOR FIRST-DEGREE MANSLAUGHTER. VIDEO SHOWS TERENCE CRUTCHER WALKING AWAY FROM SHELBY, HIS ARMS IN THE AIR, BEFORE SHEE FIRED. THE DISTRICT ATTORNEY ACKNOWLEDGED IT'S ALL DEEPLY TROUBLING.

>> WE NEED TO PRAY FOR WISDOM AND GUIDANCE ON EACH OF OUR RESPECTIVE PATHS IN LIFE. EACH OF US AT THE END OF OUR DAYS WILL HAVE TO ACCOUNT FORT OUR OWN ACTIONS.

>> Ifill: IF CONVICTED, OFFICER SHELBY COULD FACE AT LEAST FOURH YEARS IN PRISON.

>> Woodruff: YAHOO IS CONFIRMIN> ONE OF THE LARGEST BREACHES OF ONLINE DATA, EVER. IT SAYS HACKERS STOLE PERSONAL DATA FROM 500 MILLION OF ITS USERS' ACCOUNTS. THE INTERNET COMPANY BLAMED AN UNSPECIFIED STATE-SPONSORED ACTOR. IT SAID THE BREAK-IN DATES TO LATE 2014, BUT WAS ONLY RECENTLY FOUND.

>> Ifill: AFGHANISTAN SIGNED A DRAFT PEACE DEAL TODAY WITH A NOTORIOUS ISLAMIST WARLORD. GULBUDDIN HEKMATYAR IS BELIEVED TO BE LIVING IN PAKISTAN. THE U.S. DESIGNATED HIM A "GLOBAL TERRORIST" IN 2003. HEKMATYAR'S REPRESENTATIVE SIGNED THE ACCORD IN KABUL. IT GRANTS FULL POLITICAL RIGHTS TO HIS GROUP, AND ALLOWS HIM TO RETURN TO AFGHANISTAN.

>> ( translated ): I AM HAPPY AND FULLY CONFIDENT THAT THE FINALIZING OF THIS AGREEMENT WILL BE THE START OF PERMANENT PEACE AND STABILITY IN AFGHANISTAN. ON THIS, I CONGRATULATE THE PEOPLE OF AFGHANISTAN.

>> Ifill: THIS MARKS THE AFGHANN GOVERNMENT'S FIRST PEACE DEALGO WITH INSURGENTS SINCE THE U.S. INVASION IN 2001.

>> Woodruff: POLICE IN SOUTH AFRICA CLASHED WITH UNIVERSITY STUDENTS TODAY DURING GROWING PROTESTS AGAINST RISING TUITION. OFFICERS FIRED TEAR GAS ININ JOHANNESBURG, AFTER STUDENTS STARTED THROWING ROCKS. AND, THEY SURROUNDED A STUDENT RESIDENCE WHERE PROTESTERS GATHERED. THE DEMONSTRATORS SAY FEE INCREASES WILL ONLY ADD TO RACIAL INEQUALITIES, WITH MANYY BLACK STUDENTS UNABLE TO AFFORD THE COST OF COLLEGE.

>> Ifill: POWER IS SLOWLYE RETURNING TO PUERTO RICO TONIGHT. THE ISLAND HAS BEEN IN THE DARK FOR NEARLY 24 HOURS, AFTER A FIRE AT A POWER PLANT CAUSED AED WIDESPREAD BLACKOUT. IT'S AFFECTED 3.5 MILLION PEOPLE.

>> Woodruff: ON WALL STREET, STOCKS POSTED MORE GAINS, AMID RELIEF THAT INTEREST RATES AREN'T RISING JUST YET. THE DOW JONES INDUSTRIAL AVERAGE GAINED 98 POINTS TO CLOSE AT 18,392. THE NASDAQ ROSE 44 POINTS, AND THE S&P 500 ADDED 14.

>> Ifill: AND, THE WHITE HOUSE TODAY WELCOMED THE WINNERS OF THE NATIONAL MEDAL OF ARTS AND THE NATIONAL HUMANITIES MEDAL, FOR 2015. THE ARTS AWARDS WENT TO SINGER AUDRA MCDONALD, COMPOSER PHILIP GLASS, AND ACTOR MEL BROOKS, AMONG OTHERS.ON HUMANITIES MEDAL RECIPIENTS INCLUDED NPR RADIO HOST TERRYTE GROSS, AUTHOR ISABEL WILKERSON AND CHEF JOSE ANDRES.

>> Woodruff: STILL TO COME ON THE NEWSHOUR: DIMINISHING HOPES FOR RENEWING SYRIA'S CEASE-FIRE. THE DISCONNECT IN THE BLACK COMMUNITY BETWEEN CIVIL RIGHTS ACHIEVEMENTS AND RECENT POLICE WHAT DONALD TRUMP WOULD DO ON DAY ONE IN THE OVAL OFFICE. MARKETING TECHNIQUES MOST OF US AREN'T AWARE OF. PLUS MUCH MORE..

>> Ifill: THE SYRIAN ARMY ANNOUNCED LATE TODAY THEY BEGINNING OF A MAJOR NEW OFFENSIVE AGAINST THE REBEL- HELD, EASTERN SECTORS OF ALEPPO. THIS CAME AFTER A DEFIANT BASHAR AL-ASSAD BLAMED THE UNITEDLA STATES FOR THE FAILURE OF A CEASE-FIRE AGREEMENT STRUCK TWO WEEKS AGO.AG HARI SREENIVASAN REPORTS.

>> Sreenivasan: A RAIN OF FIRETS LIT UP ALEPPO OVERNIGHT. IT WAS ONE OF SCORES OF AIR STRIKES-- THE MOST IN MONTHS, AND IT ANSWERED SECRETARY OF STATE JOHN KERRY'S PLEA FOR THE SYRIAN MILITARY AND ITS RUSSIAN ALLIES TO GROUND THEIR JETS. AIR STRIKES RESUMED MONDAY, HOURS AFTER A U.S. AND RUSSIAN-- BROKERED CEASE-FIRE EXPIRED. IN AN INTERVIEW AIRING TODAY,OD SYRIAN PRESIDENT BASHAR AL-ASSAD TOLD THE ASSOCIATED PRESS, THE BLAME LIES SQUARELY WITH WASHINGTON, AND ITS ALLIES.

>> WE ANNOUNCED THAT WE ARE READY TO BE COMMITTED TO ANY HALT OF OPERATIONS, OR IF YOU WANT TO CALL IT CEASE-FIRE, BUT IT'S NOT ABOUT SYRIA OR RUSSIA; IT'S ABOUT THE UNITED STATES AND THE TERRORIST GROUPS THAT HAVE BEEN AFFILIATED TO ISIS AND AL- NUSRA AND AL QAEDA, AND TO THE UNITED STATES AND TO TURKEY ANDE TO SAUDI ARABIA.

>> Sreenivasan: THE WHITE HOUSE TODAY REJECTED THAT CHARGE, BUT ASSAD WENT FURTHER, INSISTINGTH THE U.S. DELIBERATELY TARGETED SYRIAN FORCES IN A WEEKEND AIRER STRIKE. THE U.S. MILITARY SAYS IT WAS A MISTAKE. AT THE SAME TIME, ASSAD DENIED ANY SYRIAN OR RUSSIAN INVOLVEMENT IN THE ATTACK ON A HUMANITARIAN AID CONVOY OUTSIDE ALEPPO, ON MONDAY. IN WASHINGTON, THE U.S.TO MILITARY'S TOP GENERAL, JOSEPH DUNFORD, WENT BEFORE THE SENATE ARMED SERVICES COMMITTEE, AND REJECTED ASSAD'S DENIAL.OR THE GENERAL ALSO CKNOWLEDGED A RIFT WITH THE STATE DEPARTMENT OVER A CEASE-FIRE PROVISION,PA CALLING FOR MILITARYIR COORDINATION WITH THE RUSSIANS IN SYRIA.

>> CHAIRMAN, I DO NOT BELIEVE IT WOULD BE A GOOD IDEA TO SHARE INTELLIGENCE WITH RUSSIANS.FOONR

>> Sreenivasan: THE "CHAIRMAN," REPUBLICAN JOHN McCAIN, PRESSEDA DUNFORD ON WHETHER THE OBAMA ADMINISTRATION HAS FOCUSED ON THE ISLAMIC STATE, AT THE EXPENSE OF FIGHTING ASSAD.EDE

>> I'M ASKING IS OUR MILITARY STRATEGY SUCCEEDING IN SYRIA?

>> OUR MILITARY STRATEGY IS FOCUSED ON THE COUNTER-ISIL CAMPAIGN AND MY JUDGMENT WE ARE SUCCEEDING IN THAT CAMPAIGN.

>> SO AS FAR AS YOU'RE CONCERNED WE IGNORE THE 400,000 DEAD AND THE SIX MILLION REFUGEES. THAT'S CAUSED BY BASHAR ASSAD.

>> Sreenivasan: AS THAT HEARING WAS UNDER WAY IN WASHINGTON, SECRETARY OF STATE JOHN KERRY J WAS IN NEW YORK, MEETING WITH THE RUSSIAN FOREIGN MINISTER AND THE INTERNATIONAL SYRIA SUPPORTY GROUP IN A BID TO REVIVE THE CEASE-FIRE. PROSPECTS APPEARED DOUBTFUL, AND MOSCOW ANNOUNCED IT'S SENDING ITS ONLY AIRCRAFT A CARRIER TO THE MEDITERRANEAN SEA, TO BEGIN NEW AIR OPERATIONR IN SYRIA. AND, OUTSIDE DAMASCUS, THES, UNITED NATIONS RESUMED DELIVERIES OF FOOD AND MEDICINE, SENDING A CONVOY INTO A SUBURB OF THE SYRIAN CAPITAL. FOR THE PBS NEWSHOUR, I'M HARI SREENIVASAN.

>> Ifill: CHARLOTTE AND TULSA ARE JUST THE LATEST CITIES TO GRAPPLE WITH THE ENORMOUSMO STRUGGLES OCCURRING NATIONALLY OVER SHOOTINGS, VIOLENCE, PROTESTS, CIVIL RIGHTS, SOCIAL JUSTICE AND THE ROLE OF LAW ENFORCEMENT. LIST OF OTHER CITIES, INCLUDING NEW YORK, CHICAGO, MINNEAPOLIS, OAKLAND, BATON ROUGE ANDCI, FERGUSON TO NAME JUST A FEW. THESE ISSUES ARE PARTICULARLY WRENCHING AND PART OF AN ONGOING CONVERSATION AMONG COMMUNITIES OF COLOR. WE EXPLORE SOME OF THAT NOW WITN RASHAD ROBINSON, EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR OF THE RACIAL JUSTICE ORGANIZATION, COLOR OF CHANGE. VANESSA DELUCA, EDITOR-IN-CHIEF OF "ESSENCE" MAGAZINE. AND ANDRE PERRY, AN AUTHOR AND EDUCATOR WELCOME TO YOU ALL. THIS HAS BEEN A WEEK, WE REPORTED ABOUT IT LAST NIGHT ON THE "NewsHour", WHERE WE WEREE TALKING ABOUT THIS BRAND-NEW MUSEUM OPENING IN THE MALL, LOTS OF REJOICING, LOTS OF EXCITEMENT ABOUT THAT, UPBEAT, AND AT THE SAME TIME, THE SAME CONVERSATIONS TURN TO WHAT'S HAPPENING IN CHARLOTTE AND TULSA. RASHAD ROBINSON, THERE IS A DICHOTOMY AT WORK HERE. H WHAT DO YOU SEE?

>> I THINK THERE ABSOLUTELY IS A DICHOTOMY AND IT SPEAKS TO THIS IDEA OF NOT MISTAKING PRESENCE FOR POWER. THAT JUST BECAUSE WE ARE SEEING PROGRESS, PROGRESS FOR BLACK FOLKS IN THIS COUNTRY HAS NEVER BEEN ON A LINEAR SORT OF LINE. WE HAVE SEEN, YOU KNOW, STEPS AHEAD AND THEN STEPS BACKWARDS, AND WHILE WE SEE HUGE STEPS FORWARD, I GOT TO SEE A SNEAK PEEK OF THAT MUSEUM LAST NIGHT, AND IT'S BEAUTIFUL.A IT SPEAKS TO SORT OF ALL OUR HOPES AND ASPIRATIONS AND SHOWS ALL OF THE STRUGGLES WHILE, AT THE SAME TIME, THE PRESENCE OF A BLACK PRESIDENT, THE PRESENCE OF BLACK BILLIONAIRES DOESN'TON NECESSARILY CHANGE THE RULES. THE RULES OF POLICY, THE RULES OF CULTURE, THE WRITTEN AND UNWRITTEN RULES THAT GOVERN US, SO WE'RE SEEING SO MUCH OF THAT BUBBLE UP, THAT THAT ALONE DOES NOT CHANGE STRUCTURE.NO

>> Ifill: LET ME JUST MOVE ON BECAUSE WE HAVE A LOT OF THINGSO TO TALK ABOUT HERE.E VANESSA DELUCA, ARE WE MOVING FORWARD, STALLED, MOVING BACKWARD?

>> I THINK WE'RE AT A TIPPLE POINT, RIGHT. THERE IS SO MUCH TO BE CELEBRATED, CERTAINLY WITH THE MUSEUM, BUT IF YOU LOOK AT OUR DAY TO DAY, THERE IS SO MUCH MORE THAT NEEDS TO BE DONE IN TERMS OF ACCOUNTABILITY, IN TERMS OF SEEKING JUSTICE, THAT WE CAN'T IGNORE. SO THERE NEEDS TO BE -- WE'RE PARALLEL PATHING OUR WAY THROUGH THIS TIME INTH OUR HISTORY AND E CANNOT AFFORD TO ERASE ANYTHING. CERTAINLY THE MUSEUM IS ABOUT NOT ERASING OUR HISTORY, ANDD CERTAINLY WE WANT TO MAKE SURE IN ALL OF OUR PROTESTS AND ALL OF OUR QUESTIONS THAT ARE RAISED ABOUT WHAT'S GOING ON IN OUR COMMUNITY RIGHT NOW THAT THAT HISTORY IS ALSO NOT ERASED.

>> Ifill: ANDRE PERRY, EIGHTHT YEARS OF A BLACK PRESIDENT, DID IT CHANGE ANYTHING OR SET US U BACK IN SOME WAYS?

>> NO, IT CERTAINLY, IN THE SENSE THAT WHEN HE WAS ELECTED, THE DAY AFTER, THE COUNTRY, AT LEAST MANY PEOPLE FELT WE TOOK THE COUNTRY BACK, MANY PEOPLE FELT THEY REGAINED A FOOTHOLDO THAT THEY LOST THEIR AMERICA, BUT WE CLEARLY UNDERSTAND HAVING A BLACK PRESIDENT DOESN'T EQUATE TO PROGRESS FOR BLACK PEOPLE.PE I WANT TO THROW OUT A FEW STATISTICS. THE U.S. IS THE ONLY DEVELOPED COUNTRY IN WHICH MATERNAL MORTALITY IS ON THE RISE.. THREE TO FOUR TIMES THE RATE OF BLACK WOMEN DIE AT THE RATE OF WHITE WOMEN. FUNDING FOR SCHOOLS HAS ACTUALLY WIDENED BETWEEN RICH AND POOR DISTRICTS, AND AT LEAST HALF OF THE STATES IN THE COUNTRY. IN MY STATE AND HOME CITY OF NEW ORLEANS, ONE IN SEVEN BLACK PEOPLE ARE ON PRISON AND PAROLE. SO I WOULD NEVER QUIBBLE WITH ANYONE IF SOMEONE SAID DESEGREGATION DID ME NO FAVORS.

>> Ifill: EXCEPT WHEN YOU LISTEN TO DONALD TRUMP, HE'S' SAYING THE BLACK COMMUNITY IS IN ITS WORST POSITION EVER, EVER, EVER, RASHAD ROBINSON.RO

>> WE CAN HAVE A CONVERSATION WITHOUT INCLUDING DONALD TRUMP WHO IS NOT TALKING TO BLACK FOLKS AT ALL BUT TALKING TO WHITE FOLKS IN A WAY OF TRYING TO SPEAK DOWN TO AND AT BLACK AMERICANS. THERE IS A DEEP CHALLENGE.N I COME FROM A FAMILY WHERE I HAVE A FATHER IN HIS MARINE UNIFORM WHO IS TURNED AWAY FROM USING BATHROOMS IN THE SOUTH WHILE HE WAS STATIONED HEADING OFF TO VEHEMENT, A GRANDFATHER WHO WAS A SHARECROPPER AND COULDN'T READ OR WRITE, SO THERE ARE DEEP WAYS IN WHICH THIS COUNTRY EXPERIENCED PROGRESS, BUT ONCE AGAIN IT SPEAKS TO WAYS IN WHICH WE HAVE TO CONSTANTLY EVALUATE THE RULES, THE RULES THAT GOVERN ALL OF OUR LIVES, AND CONSTANTLY CHALLENGE SYSTEMS THAT HOLD PEOPLE BACK. AND WHEN BLACK PEOPLE WIN, WHEN BLACK PEOPLE SUCCEED IN THIS COUNTRY, IT'S OFTENTIMES BEEN A SYMBOL OF EVERYONE SUCCEEDING. SO AS THERE HAVE BEEN CHALLENGES, BLACK FOLKS OFTENTIMES HAVE BEEN THE CANARYA IN THE MINE. SO WHAT WE'RE SEEING, THE INDUSTRY, THE STRUGGLES AROUND GENERATIONAL POVERTY, THEY'RE NOT JUST IMPACTING BLACK FOLKS BUT THERE IS THIS IDEA WE OFTENTIMES SAY, WHEN AMERICA GETS THE COLD, BLACK PEOPLE OFTENTIMES GET THE FLU.FL

>> Ifill: ON THE COVER OF YOUR MAGAZINE, VANESSA DELUCA, AT LEAST STRIKING PHOTO OF BARACK OBAMA WHICH LOOKS LIKE A FAREWELL TO THE PRESIDENT ANDNT FIRST LADY. DO READERS RESPOND WITH HOPE OR DESPAIR?

>> CERTAINLY THERE IS THIS LONGING AND WANTING FOR THE OBAMA ADMINISTRATION AND OBAMA ERA TO LAST LONGER, WITHOUT A DOUBT, BUT THERE IS HOPE THAT, IN THE NEXT -- WHOEVER THE NEXT ADMINISTRATION IS, THAT THEY WILL BE COGNIZANT OF WHAT IS IMPORTANT TO US AND TRY TO ADDRESS THE ISSUES, AND WE'LL HEAR MORE ABOUT THAT ON THE PRESIDENTIAL DEBATE ON MONDAY. REALLY, WHAT DO THEY STAND FOR AND WHAT DO THEY NOT STAND FOR IN TERMS OF WHAT RESONATES WITH OUR BLACK COMMUNITY, AND THAT'S WHY I THINK PEOPLE ARE KIND OF HOPEFUL FOR -- WE JUST WANT TO HEAR A WORD, AND A WORD THAT MAKES SENSE FOR EVERYTHING THAT'S GOING ON AROUND US THAT SPEAKS TO HOW WE'RE GOING TO MOVE FORWARD.FO

>> Ifill: ANDRE PERRY, WHAT'S A LEADER'S RESPONSIBILITY,SP WHETHER A PRESIDENT OR COUNTY COMMISSIONER WHO WE TALKED TO EARLIER TREVOR FULLER AND WHY SHOULD IT MATTER AT ALL TO THE BROADER COMMUNITY?OA

>> IT'S NOT TOO MUCH TO DEMAND WE'RE NOT SHOT DEAD IN THEE STREET, IT'S NOT TOO MUCH TO DEMAND WE GET CLEAN WATER IN MICHIGAN. SOME OF THE THINGS WE ASK FOR ARE BASIC HUMAN RIGHTS.S SO WHEN I LOOK AT THE PRESIDENTIAL LANDSCAPE, IT'S NOT OUR JOB JUST TO ANOINT HILLARY OR TRUMP JUST BECAUSE ONE IS A DEMOCRAT OR REPUBLICAN. WE REALLY HAVE TO CHARGE THEM WITH HAVING AN EXPLICIT AGENDA FOR BLACK PEOPLE. SO IT'S NOT ABOUT HOPE FOR ME. IT'S ABOUT WHO'S GOING TO DELIVER THE POLITICAL GOODS THAT WE HAVE YET TO SEE AND CERTAINLY SINCE THE OBAMA ADMINISTRATION AND BEYOND.

>> Ifill: LET ME ASK YOU TO T TAKE A HUGE STEP BACKWARD AND TALK ABOUT PERCEPTION. WE SAW IN THE HELICOPTER FOOTAGE OF WHAT HAPPENED IN TULSA THIS WEEK, ONE OF THE POLICE OFFICERS VERY FAR OFF THE GROUND, LOOKINL AT THE MAN TERENCE CRUTCHER WHOE WAS LATER KILLED AND CALL HIM A BAD DUDE. CLEARLY THERE WERE PRECONCEPTIONS, AN IDEA EVEN FROM A DISTANCE THAT THIS PERSON MUST BE A CRIMINAL. ARE PERCEPTIONS AS MUCH A PART OF THE PROBLEM HERE AS REALITY?

>> IT ABSOLUTELY IS.AB IT'S ABSOLUTELY ABOUT THE CULTURE, THE DAILY HOSTILEST ENVIRONMENT. IT'S NOT JUST SIMPLY ABOUT GETTING A JOB, RIGHT, OR BEING TREATED FAIRLY IN A HOSPITAL, BUT IT'S, ABOUT BEING ABLE TO RENT A ROOM.OM I ALSO WANT TO PUT ON THE TABLE THAT IT JUST WASN'T WHAT THE HELICOPTER -- WHAT THEY SAID INE THE HELICOPTER ABOUT HIM BEING A BAD GUY, BUT IT WAS AFTER HE WAS SHOT AND LAYING ON THE GROUND AND NOND ONE RUSHED TO GIVE HIM MEDICAL ATTENTION, IT SPEAKS TO THIS HOSTILE WORLD THAT BLACK PEOPLE HAVE TO LIVE IN, THE LACK OF HUMANITY. SO, FIRST OF ALL, THE LACK OF BENEFIT OF A DOUBT OF WHO HE WAS, AND THEN THE LACK OF HUMANITY AS HE LAID ON THE GROUND BLEEDING AND PEDICLE HELP TO SAVE HIS LIFE WASN'T SOAR SOF A FIRST THING SOMEONE WANTED TO DO SPEAKS TO A WAY, THINGS BLACK PEOPLE HAVE TO CONTEND WITH EVERY DAY WHEN WE SHOWWI UP IN A HOSPITAL, A COURTROOM.

>> Ifill: VANESSA DELUCA, WHAT DO WE DO ABOUT THIS OTHER THAN HAVE ANOTHER NATIONAL DIALOGUE,E ANOTHER CONVERSATION?

>> WELL, I MEAN, I THINK, CERTAINLY, PEOPLE NEED TO USE THEIR VOTE AS THEIR VOICE, RIGHT? WE FOUGHT SO HARD FOR THAT. THE IDEA THAT THERE ARE SOME CAMPS THAT ARE SAYING THEY'RE NOT GOING TO VOTE AT ALL IS JUST UNCONSCIONABLE. WE FOUGHT TOO HARD THE TO GET THIS RIGHT, AND IT REALLY DOES HAVE AN IMPACT. I KNOW THERE IS THE POPULAR VOTA VERSUS THE ELECTORAL VOTE, BUT PEOPLE ACTUALLY NEED TO EXERCISE THEIR RIGHT TO VOTE AND TO MAKE SURE THEY ARE VOTING FOR PEOPLE WHO ARE SERVING THEIR BEST INTERESTS. SO I WOULD SAY LET'S NOT PASS THAT OFF AS SOMETHING THAT IS JUST KIND OF A THROWAWAY, BUT LET'S REALLY EMBRACE AND NOT FRITTER AWAY WHAT SO MANY GENERATIONS FOUGHT SO HARD FOR US TO BE ABLE TO DO.

>> Ifill: VANESSA. DELUCA, NERTD CHIEF OF "ESSENCE" MAGAZINE, ANDRE PERRY, AUTHOR AND EDUCATOR AND RASHAD ROBINSON, THANK YOU ALL.

>> THANK YOU.

>> Woodruff: IN THE RACE TO THE WHITE HOUSE, THE CANDIDATES ARE TAKING DIFFERENT APPROACHES IN THE FINAL DAYS LEADING UP TO THO FIRST DEBATE. JOHN YANG REPORTS.

>> Yang: IN PITTSBURGH THIS MORNING, DONALD TRUMP MADE THE UNREST IN CHARLOTTE HIS PRIME TOPIC, AND HE ADDED HIS OWN TWIST.ARC,

>> THE PEOPLE WHO WILL SUFFER THE MOST AS A RESULT OF THESE RIOTS ARE LAW-ABIDING AFRICAN- AMERICAN RESIDENTS WHO LIVE IN THESE COMMUNITIES WHERE THE CRIME IS SO RAMPANT. DRUGS ARE A VERY, VERY BIG FACTOR IN WHAT YOU'RE WATCHING ON TELEVISION AT NIGHT. HE SAID HIS TOUGH LAW AND ORRD AGENDA WHICH INCLUDES STOP ANDST FRISK A PRACTICE A FEDERAL JUDGE SAID DISCRIMINATED AGAINST MINORITIES WOULD BENEFIT BLACK AMERICANS.

>> OUR JOB IS NOT TO MAKE LIFE MORE COMFORTABLE FOR THE VIOLENT DISRUPTOR, BUT TO MAKE LIFE MORE COMFORTABLE FOR THE AFRICAN- AMERICAN PARENT TRYING TO RAISE THEIR KIDS IN PEACE. TR

>> WORLD PEACE WITH WAS A TOPIC OF A LETTER FROM 75 RETIREDOF CAREER DIPLOMATS SLAMMING TRUMP AS ENTIRELY UNQUALIFIED TO SERVE AS PRESIDENT. MOST OF THE DIPLOMATS WHO SIGNED THE LETTER HAVEN'T BEEN PUBLICLY ASSOCIATED WITH POLITICS. MEANWHILE, A POLITICO AROUNDCIES OF CAMPAIGN FINANCE REPORTSPO FOUND THE TRUMP CAMPAIGN HAS SAID TRUMP'S BUSINESSES $8.2 MILLION, THAT'S ABOUT 7% OF THE CAMPAIGN'S TOTAL SPENDING. HILLARY CLINTON SPENT THE DAY BEHIND CLOSED DOORS PREPARING FOR MONDAY NIGHT'S DEBATE, THAT LEFT RUNNING MATE TIM KAINE AS THE CAMPAIGN'S TOP MESSENGER.

>> WE SEE CHALLENGES ALL OVERER THE COUNTRY, OF GULFS AND GAPS THAT EXIST BETWEEN COMMUNITIESOM AND LAW ENFORCEMENT.EM WE'VE GOT TO PUT THEM ON THE TABLE. THEY'RE NOT EASY, BUT WE CAN DO THAT WITH A CALM AND PEACEFUL SPIRIT.

>> CLINTON ALSO REACHED OUT TO MILLENNIAL VOTERS APPEARING ON THE O NEW INSTALLMENT OF A WEB SERIES ABOUT TWO FERNS THAT WENT ONLINE THIS MORNING. FOR THE PBS "NewsHour", I'M JOHN YANG.

>> Woodruff: THERE'S BEEN NO SHORTAGE OF ATTENTION PAID TOAT WHO MIGHT WIN THE PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION THIS NOVEMBER.AL BUT WHAT PROMISES CAN THEY DELIVER ONCE IN OFFICE? TONIGHT, WE EXAMINE WHAT THE EARLY DAYS OF A TRUMP PRESIDENCY MIGHT LOOK LIKE, AND WHETHER THE NEXT CONGRESS WOULD BE AN ALLY OR A THORN IN HIS SIDE. FOR THAT, WE TURN TO EVAN OSNOS. A STAFF WRITER FOR THE "NEW YORKER."WE AND SEUNG MIN KIM, A CONGRESSIONAL REPORTER FOR POLITICO. WELCOME TO BOTH OF YOU. EVEN, I'M -- EVAN, YOU WROTE A SORT ABOUT THE LATEST NEW YORKER ABOUT WHAT TRUMP WOULD DO IN HIS EARLY DAYS IN OFFICE. YOU STARTED BY SUGGESTING HE WOULD RENOUNCE THIS GLOBAL AGREEMENT ON CLIMATE CHANGE. HOW WOULD THAT WORK IS THIS WHAT COULD HE DO?

>> THE CAMPAIGN IS PREPARING WHAT'S BEEN DESCRIBED AS THE FIRST DAY PROJECT, WHICH WOULD BE AN EFFORT TO TRY TO DO A LARGE NUMBER OF THINGS RIGHT AWAY USING THE POWERS OF THE EXECUTIVE OFFICE, THE POWERS OF THE PRESIDENCY. THEY'RE PLANNING ON 25 THINGS. IF THEY STARTED, FOR INSTANCE, ONE OF THE ONES THEY ARE WEIGHING IS TO RENOUNCE THE PARIS CLIMATE CHANGE. THE PRESIDENT HAS LEGAL AUTHORITY TO DO IT, MUCH THE WAY THAT GEORGE W. BUSH WHEN HE CAME INTO OFFICE IN 2001 WAS ABLE TO, FOR INSTANCE, REMOVE THE UNITED STATES FROM AN AGREEMENT ON THE INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL COURT. THERE IS NOTHING THE STOPS A PRESIDENT FROM DOING THAT. THEY COULD ALSO DO OTHER THINGS. FOR INSTANCE, HE COULD ROLL BACK SOME ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATIONS THAT HAVE BEEN IMPOSED BY THE OBAMA ADMINISTRATION, AND HE COULD ALSO REDIRECT THE BUREAU OF ALCOHOL, TOBACCO AND FIREARMS TO SAY YOU NO LONGER NEED TO DO BACKGROUND CHECKS ON GUN PURCHASES THE WAY THAT YOU WERE DIRECTED TO DO SO.

>> Woodruff: SO HE COULD TAKE SUBSTANTIVE STEPS IN THE EARLY DAYS THAT WOULDN'T REQUIRE ANY CONGRESSIONAL ACTION. SEUNG MIN KIM, LET ME RETURN TO YOU. THE ASSUMPTION IS IF DONALD TRUMP WINS HE'LL PROBABLY KEEP A REPUBLICAN SENATE AND HOUSE. SO IF HE MAKES NEWS LIKE THIS, THE PRESUMPTION IS THERE WON'T BE MUCH PUSH BACKFR THE -- PUSHBACK FROM THE HILL.

>> IT DEPENDS ON THE FORM HIS PROPOSALS MAKE. THE EXECUTIVE ORDER IS INTERESTING BECAUSE WHAT YOU'VE HEARD FROM REPS AND CONGRESS IN THE LAST SEVERAL YEARS, THEY'RE BASICALLY CALLING PRESIDENT OBAMA THE IMPERIAL PRESIDENT, THAT HE HACKED TOO MUCH ON HIS OWN WITHOUT THE WILL OF THE CONGRESS TO ACCOMPLISH HIS AGENDA. SO A LOT OF THESE GOALS PERHAPS ON CLIMATE AND ENVIRON THAT HE HACKED TOO MUCH ON HIS OWN WITHOUT THE WILL OF THE CONGRESS TO ACCOMPLISH HIS AGENDA. SO A LOT OF THESE GOALS PERHAPS ON CLIMATE AND ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES DONALD TRUMP MAY SHARE WITH REPS IN CONGRESS BUT IF NOT IT WILL BE INTERESTING TO SEE THEIR RESPONSE AS TO HOW DONALD TRUMP DEALS WITH THE POWERS OF THE EXECUTIVE BRANCH.

>> Woodruff: EVAN ONE OF THE MANY THINGS DONALD TRUMP HAS TALKED ABOUT IS SUSPENDING THE SYRIAN REFUGEE PROGRAM, THE PRESIDENT IS TALKING ABOUT TO INCREASING THE NUMBER OVER 100,000.0, WHAT IS TRUMP LOOKING TO DOING?

>> TRUMPS ADVISORS TELL ME THEY'RE LOOKING TO SUSPENDING IT ON DAY ONE. THEY SAY THEY CAN DO THAT BECAUSE REFUGEES REPRESENT A THREAT TO AMERICAN SECURITY, THAT'S THE LEGAL BASIS.S MORE BROADLY HE'S TALKING ABOUT A MAJOR CHANGE IN AMERICAN IMMIGRATION AND HE WOULD ALSO HAVE THE LEGAL POWER TO SAY WE'RE GOING TO ACCELERATE DEPORTATIONS.

>> Woodruff: THE WALL? THE CENTRAL PROMISE. OF HIS CANDIDACY WOULD TAKE A LITTLE FOOT WORK LEGISLATIVELY.TI IF IT'S ESTIMATED TO COST $25 BILLION, YOU'RE EITHER GOING TO HAVE TO GET SOMEBODY IN CONGRESS TO APPROPRIATE THAT FOR YOU OR LIKELY, AFTER NEGOTIATIONS AND HORSE TRADING,R HE WOULD PROBABLY END UP WITH A SMALL SYMBOLIC EXTENSION OF THE BORDER FENCE WHICH HAS ALREADY BEEN IN PLACE SINCE 2006.20 NEWT GINGRICH, TRUMP'S POLITICAL ADVISOR, TELLS ME HE HAS TO DO SOMETHING ON THE WALL FOR POLITICAL REASONS. IF HE DOESN'T, HE HAS NO CREDIBILITY.

>> Woodruff: BECAUSE IT'S BEEN B ONE OF THE CENTRAL PIECES OF INFORMATION HE TALKED ABOUT. IF DONALD TRUMP STARTS TO COMPLETELY GET RID OF THE SYRIAN REFUGEE INTAKE, IF HE STOORTS MAKE MOVES ON THE WALL AND IMMIGRATION, WHAT'S THE REACTION LIKELY TO BE ON THE HILL?

>> THE REACTION IS GOING TO BE, IT DEPENDS. YOU'VE SEEN OBVIOUSLY HOW DONALD TRUMP MADE WAVES IN HIS CAMPAIGN WITH HIS POSITIONS ON IMMIGRATION, AND ON BROADER IMMIGRATION HE WILL NEED CONGRESS TO APPROPRIATE MONEY,MO IF HE WANTS TO RAMP UP APPROPRIATIONS TO BUILD THEBU WALL. BUT WE'VE ALSO SEEN DYNAMICS PARTICULARLY IN THE SENATE NEXT YEAR, UNDER A TRUMP PRESIDENCY, CLEARLY VERY, VERY LIKELY REPS WILL HAVE RETAINED CONTROL. HOWEVER, VERY UNLIKELY THAT THE WILL HAVE THE 60 VOTES NECESSARY TO ADVANCE BASICALLY ANY LEGISLATION IN THE SENATE.SE

>> Woodruff: ADAM, LET ME TURN YOU TO FOREIGN POLICY AND TO TRADE. DONALD TRUMP TALKED ABOUT DOING AWAY WITH T.P.P., THE TRANS-PACIFIC TRADE AGREEMENT, AND THAT LEADS TO SPECIFIC QUESTIONS ABOUT RELATIONS WITH CHINA.

>> HE COULD RENOUNCE T.P.P. AND IMPOSE TARIFFS ON SPECIFIC GOODS FROM CHINA. HE CAN DIRECT THE CONGRESS DEPARTMENT TO BRING CASES UNDER W.T.O. WHAT'S INTERESTING IS IF THE W.T.O. SAID YOUR ACTIONS ARE ILLEGAL, HE COULD WITHDRAW THE UNITED STATES --ST

>> Woodruff: THE WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION.

>> EXACTLY, WHICH HAS BEEN THE BASIS OF THE RULESCT OF FAIR TRE FOR DECADES, IF THEY OBJECTED, HE COULD SAY WE'RE PULLING OUT,U THE SAME WAY GEORGE W. BUSH PULLED THE UNITED STATES OUT OF THE ANTI-BALLISTIC TREATY.

>> Woodruff: AND SEUNG MIN KIM, IF THAT'S WHAT HAPPENS, WHAT'S THE REACTION ON THE HILL?

>> DONALD TRUMP ON TRADE, SPECIFICALLY THE TRANS-PACIFIC PARTNERSHIP, HAS BEEN THE ONEP, AREA WHERE HE REALLY HAS HAD AN INFLUENCE ON MEMBERS OF CONGRESS. YOU SEE THE REACTION FROM REPUBLICAN SENATORS WHO ARE UP FOR REELECTION NEXT YEAR. PEOPLE SUCH AS OHIO'S ROB PORTMAN WHO'S AMER U.S. TRADE REPRESENTATIVE AND PENNSYLVANIA'S PAT TOOMEY WHOAT VOTED FOR TRADE DEALS IN CONGRESS, THEY'RE ALL RUNNING AWAY FROM THE T.P.P. SAYING IT HAS PROVISIONS I CAN'T SUPPORT, BAD FOR OHIO AND PENNSYLVANIA. IF THOSE SENATORS ARE REELECTED YOU CAN SEE THEM GOING ALONG WITH DONALD TRUMP RIPPING UP THE T.P.P. AND STARTING OVER.OV YOU WOULD HAVE A LOT OF SUPPORT FROM DEMOCRATS, BECAUSE OBVIOUSLY BACKED BY THE UNION, DEMOCRATS HAVE DISLIKED THE T.P.P.

>> Woodruff: QUICK QUESTION ONuf THE IRAN NUCLEAR DEAL.E WHAT WOULD DONALD TRUMP DO?

>> DONALD TRUMP SAID HE WOULD RENEGOTIATE THE DEAL.D IT'S WORTH SAYING IF HE DOES THAT, THAT COULD CONSTITUTE A VIOLATION OF THE TERMS OF THE DEAL FROM IRAN'S PERSPECTIVEE WHICH WOULD THEN GIVE IRAN PERMISSION TO RESTART ITS NUCLEAR PLANT.

>> Woodruff: A LOT TO CONSIDER HERE. MUCH MORE TO GO, BUT THIS GIVES US A SENSE OF WHAT THE EARLY DAYS COULD LOOK LIKE.LI EVAN OSNOS AND SEUNG MIN KIM, THANK YOU BOTH.

>> THANKS FOR HAVING ME.KS

>> Woodruff: TOMORROW WE'LL'L EXPLORE WHAT THE EARLY DAYS OF A CLINTON PRESIDENCY MIGHT ENTAIL.

>> Ifill: AND LET'S TURN TO OUR COVERAGE OF THE ISSUES OF THIS CAMPAIGN. TONIGHT, HEALTH CARE, AND SPECIFICALLY WHAT'S AT STAKE FOR PRESIDENT OBAMA'S SIGNATUREPR DOMESTIC ACHIEVEMENT, THE AFFORDABLE CARE ACT, OFTENLE REFERRED TO AS "OBAMACARE." IT'S TURNED INTO A SIGNIFICANT ISSUE IN SOME STATES LIKE ARIZONA WHERE POLLS SHOW HILLARY CLINTON IN A TIGHT CONTEST WITH DONALD TRUMP. SPECIAL CORRESPONDENT SARAH VARNEY LOOKS AT THOSE CONCERNS AND THE CANDIDATES' PLANS. THIS STORY WAS PRODUCED IN COLLABORATION WITH OUR PARTNER KAISER HEALTH NEWS.

>> Reporter: JUST WEEKS BEFORE THE PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION, TEMPE, ARIZONA RESIDENT JOSEPHINE HAS SPENT NEARLY EVERY MORNING DRIVING... WAITING.... AND BACK AT HOME... WORRYING. ONCE UNINSURED, SHE WAS RECENTLY DIAGNOSED WITH BREAST CANCER AND GETS HEALTH COVERAGE THROUGH A OBAMACARE. THE 61 YEAR OLD, WHO GOES BY JO, SAYS SHE TRUSTS JUST ONE CANDIDATE TO KEEP HER COVERED.

>> I WILL CONTINUE TO IMPROVE THE AFFORDABLE CARE ACT. I WILL WORK TO GET THE COST DOWN: PREMIUMS, CO-PAYS, DEDUCTIBLES, PRESCRIPTION DRUG COSTS.-P

>> Reporter: HILLARY CLINTON HAS OFFERED DETAILED PLANS TOTA PRESERVE AND EXPAND THE LAW, EVEN PUSHING FOR A PUBLIC OPTION-- A TYPE OF GOVERNMENT- RUN INSURANCE PLAN. SHE ALSO WANTS TO EXPAND TAX SUBSIDIES TO REDUCE HEALTH CARE COSTS ANDDU ALLOW PEOPLE 55 AND OLDER TO BUY INTO MEDICARE.

>> WE'RE GOING TO REPEAL AND REPLACE OBAMACARE SO QUICKLY.

>> Reporter: MEANWHILE, DONALD TRUMP WANTS TO REPLACE THE HEALTH LAW WITH A HANDFUL OF SMALLER MEASURES, LIKE ALLOWING INSURANCE TO BE SOLD ACROSS STATE LINES AND TAX DEDUCTIONS FOR PREMIUMS. B HEALTH POLICY EXPERTS SAY THESE APPROACHES WOULD COVER FAR FEWER PEOPLE THAN THE AFFORDABLE CARE ACT.ES

>> I'M JUST CALLING DEMOCRATS LIKE YOU TO ASK IF YOU'RE GOING TO JOIN ME IN SUPPORTING HILLARY CLINTON THIS YEAR IN ARIZONA.

>> Reporter: AS BOTH CAMPAIGNSGO RAMP UP THEIR GROUND GAME HERE,I THIS ONCE RELIABLE RED STATE IS IN PLAY. SIX YEARS AFTER THE HEALTH LAW WAS SIGNED, ARIZONA STANDS OUT AS A GOOD EXAMPLE OF WHAT'S AT STAKE THIS ELECTION.IO THIS STAUNCHLY CONSERVATIVE STATE EXPANDED MEDICAID TO LOW-T INCOME ADULTS. BUT, IN THE HEALTH INSURANCE MARKETPLACE, PRIVATE INSURANCE COMPANIES ARE PULLING OUT ANDCO ARIZONANS ARE FACING STEEP PREMIUM INCREASES, LEAVING MANY TO WONDER: WHAT'S NEXT FOR THETO AFFORDABLE CARE ACT? AT TRIVIA NIGHT AT CARLY'S BISTRO IN DOWNTOWN PHOENIX, WHICH DRAWS A YOUNGER CROWD, MANY HERE HAVE BEEN ABLE TO GET HEALTH COVERAGE BECAUSE OF THE LAW, AND THEY SAY THEY'LL VOTE TO PROTECT IT.BE

>> TRUMP WOULD SO SEVERELY LIMIT THE CARE THAT MANY PEOPLE COULDL GET, THAT ARE IN POSITIONS LIKET ME, THAT HAVE SEVERE ILLNESSES THAT WOULD, THAT AFFECT THEIR LIVES, AND HOW THEY CAN WORK,ND

>> Reporter: BUT THERE'S PLENTY OF CRITICISM TOO...

>> THERE'S A LOT OF WORK THATLE COULD BE DONE, BUT IT'S STILL T DEFINITELY BETTER THAN HOW IT USED TO BE.ON

>> MY TAKE IS REALLY LESS GOVERNMENT IS BETTER, SEEMS LIKI EVERYTHING THAT THE GOVERNMENT DECIDES TO MANAGE, THEY, THEYHE DON'T MANAGE EFFECTIVELY OR EFFICIENTLY.

>> Reporter: IN PHOENIX'S SPRAWLING SUBDIVISIONS, SOME OFS THAT FRUSTRATION ARISES FROM THA TURBULENT INDIVIDUAL INSURANCE MARKET IN ARIZONA WHICH HAS CAUSED HEADACHES FOR JOANNE OUELLETTE AND HER INSURANCE BROKER MICHAEL MALASNIK.

>> MY INSURANCE COMPANY WITH THE AFFORDABLE CARE ACT, AETNA, I HEAR THEY'RE PULLING OUT OF ARIZONA.MPAC

>> Reporter: WHEN THE MARKETPLACE FOR INDIVIDUAL INSURANCE COVERAGE IN ARIZONA FIRST OPENED, EIGHT COMPANIESZO VIED FOR CONSUMERS. AFTER THREE YEARS OF LOW ENROLLMENT AND HIGHER-THAN- EXPECTED MEDICAL CLAIMS, ONLYAN ONE INSURER REMAINS IN ABOUT HALF THE COUNTIES. MALASNIK SAYS HE'S ALREADY GETTING CALLS FOR THE UPCOMING ENROLLMENT PERIOD. LRS RUSTRATION AND ANGER, ATRE THIS POINT. AND THEN YOU ALSO HAVE A LOT OF PEOPLE THAT ARE JUST GETTING WORN DOWN.RN IT'S LIKE, IT'S MORE OF THE SAME TO THEM.

>> Reporter: IN HER WOODSHOP IN MESA, THE EXODUS HAS RAISED QUESTIONS FOR LEAH SONDERGELD ABOUT ADEQUATE ACCESS TO MEDICAL CARE, THE POTENTIAL FOR PRICEIA GOUGING, AND THE DURABILITY OF THE MARKETPLACE.

>> THIS IS AN EXAMPLE OF ONE OF THE FORMS TO FILL OUT FOR KATE'S MEDICATION.OF

>> Reporter: SONDERGELD, WHO IS SELF-EMPLOYED, HAS BEEN FORCED TO SWITCH PLANS EACH YEAR ASEA INSURERS HAVE COME AND GONE. HER ELDEST DAUGHTER KATE WAS DIAGNOSED WITH EPILEPSY LAST YEAR AND WITH EACH SWITCH COMES FRANTIC QUESTIONS.

>> WHAT IF THEY WON'T COVER HER CURRENT MEDICATION? WHAT IF THEY WON'T KEEP HERAT NEUROLOGIST? WHAT ARE WE GOING TO DO? WITH ONE OF THE DOCTORS, DURING THAT FIRST TRANSITION WITH UNITED HEALTHCARE, SHE WAS FOUR DAYS WITHOUT MEDICATIONS. SHE WAS FOUR DAYS, I HAD TO WATCH HER HAVE SEIZURES.AT Reporter: KATE SONDERGELD, AGE 25, IS BACK AT THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA IN TUCSON AFTER A LONG MEDICAL LEAVE. BUT FINDING THE BEST PRESCRIPTION WAS NO SMALL MATTER.NDK N BE

>> MY FIRST ONE, I WAS SEVERELY ALLERGIC TO, I HAD A BAD REACTION TO IT, AND THEN THE SECOND ONE, WAS KIND OF WHEN THINGS STARTED GOING DOWNHILL EVEN MORE. I WAS BLANKING OUT. I HAVE ABSENT SEIZURES.

>> Reporter: KATE DOESN'T WANT THE HEALTH LAW REPEALED. SHE REMEMBERS WHEN SHE WAS A CHILD AND WAS DENIED COVERAGE BECAUSE OF A PRE-EXISTINGOV CONDITION. HER MOTHER, LEAH, SAYS CONGRESSR SHOULD PREVENT INSURERS FROM QUITTING THE MARKETPLACE.

>> I DON'T CARE ABOUT WHAT THE REPUBLICANS THINK, I DON'T CARE WHAT THE DEMOCRATS WANT TO DO TT CHANGE. JUST, TELL BLUE CROSS BLUE SHIELD, HEY, GUESS WHAT? YOU'RE GONNA KEEP THIS PERSON.

>> Reporter: THE DROP IN COMPETITION ISN'T JUST IN ARIZONA, SAYS CAROLINE PEARSON FROM THE WASHINGTON-BASED CONSULTING FIRM, AVALERE HEALTH. PEARSON SAYS MORE THAN A THIRDTH OF REGIONS ACROSS THE COUNTRY MAY END UP WITH ONLY ONE INSURER AVAILABLE, ESPECIALLY IN RURAL AREAS. SHE SAYS CONGRESS WILL NEED TO PASS SOME FIXES TO THE LAW IN 2017.

>> I THINK WE'RE GOING TO NEED A IMPROVEMENTS TO RISK ADJUSTMENT AND POTENTIALLY OTHER PROGRAMSAN TO HELP STABILIZE THE MARKET,AB AND THEN, SOME VERY CREATIVE SOLUTIONS TO FIGURE OUT, HOW WEI ACTUALLY GET YOUNGER, HEALTHIER, PEOPLE, MIDDLE INCOME PEOPLE,LT INTO THE EXCHANGES.

>> Reporter: DESPITE THE PROBLEMS WITH THE LAW, THOSE WHO NEED INSURANCE COVERAGE LIKE JO ARE DOING BETTER BECAUSE OF IT. AFTER YEARS WITHOUT SEEING A DOCTOR, JO WAS ABLE TO GET A CHECK-UP WHICH LED TO HER CANCER DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT. STUDIES SUGGEST THAT BECAUSE OF THE LAW, PATIENTS ARE MORE LIKELY TO HAVE A REGULAR DOCTOR AND GET PREVENTIVE HEALTH CARE, INCLUDING VACCINES AND CANCER SCREENINGS. AND THEY'RE LESS LIKELY TO POSTPONE TREATMENT BECAUSE THEY CAN'T AFFORD IT.

>> I GOT A PRIMARY CARE DOCTOR, WHICH I HADN'T HAD A PRIMARY CARE DOCTOR FOR A DECADE. AND FROM THE PRIMARY CARE, ITIT JUST WENT FROM THERE, THAT THE, THE TESTS AND THE MAMMOGRAMS AND THE ULTRASOUNDS AND THE M.R.I.'S AND ALL THAT STUFF.

>> Reporter: JO FELT SO STRONGLY ABOUT BEING ONE OF THE 20 MILLION PEOPLE WHO'VE GAINEDLE COVERAGE SINCE PRESIDENT OBAMA SIGNED THE HEALTH LAW, SHE WROTE A LETTER TO THE WHITE HOUSE.

>> THEN I GOT THIS IN THE MAIL. HE WAS ENCOURAGED TO HEAR ABOUT PEOPLE WHO HAD BENEFITED FROM THE AFFORDABLE CARE ACT.EN SIGNED BARACK OBAMA.

>> Reporter: SHE SAID WITHOUT THE LAW'S CONSUMER PROTECTIONS THAT REQUIRE INSURERS TO COVER PEOPLE WITH PRE-EXISTING CONDITIONS, SHE WOULD BE BANKRUPT OR DEAD. BUT TRUMP VOLUNTEER DIANA BREST THINKS THE LAW HAS CAUSED MORE HARM THAN GOOD AND SUPPORTS TRUMP'S VOW TO REPEAL IT. AT 66 AND ON MEDICARE, SHE BLAMES THE LAW FOR DRIVING UP PREMIUMS FOR OTHERS.

>> OBAMACARE, SOME PEOPLE SAID, IT WAS GOING TO HELP, BUT I KNEW RIGHT AWAY IT WASN'T!LP I SPOKE TO DONALD TRUMP ABOUT THAT, TWO, TWO RALLIES AGO. AND HE INDICATED THAT HE WAS GOING TO ADDRESS THOSE THAT AREH HAVING PROBLEMS WITH INSURANCE. AND I KNOW, KNOWING DONALD TRUMP, THAT HE WILL ADDRESS IT.

>> Reporter: BUT THE DEBATE OVER THE HEALTH LAW HAS OFTEN IGNOREI A GROUP THAT HAS SEEN WIDESPREAD IMPROVEMENTS FROM OBAMACARE. LOW-INCOME ADULTS, LIKE 45-YEAR- OLD ALFRED MENDOZA OF PHOENIX, WHO ARE NOW ELIGIBLE FOR MEDICAID. MORE PEOPLE HAVE GAINED COVERAGE IN THIS WAY, THAN IN ALL OF THE EXCHANGES COMBINED. A NEW STUDY SUGGESTS THAT PEOPL LIVING IN THE 31 STATES THAT EXPANDED MEDICAID, LIKE ARIZONA, WERE MORE LIKELY TO REPORT BEING IN BETTER HEALTH.

>> RIGHT, RIGHT. WE GOT THAT FROM THE CT SCAN, AS WELL.

>> Reporter: MENDOZA, A TRUCK DRIVER WHO SUFFERED A HEAD INJURY FROM A CRASH, WENT YEARS WITHOUT HEALTH INSURANCE. NOW, WITH MEDICAID, HE'S FINALLY GETTING TREATED.CRHE

>> I DON'T HAVE THE FUNDS, THE MEANS TO, TO PAY FOR A C.T. SCAN, TO, AN M.R.I., IT'S A LOT OF MONEY TO GO SEE A SPECIALIST, YOU KNOW, THAT, THAT'S A LOT OF MONEY.GO SO, FOR ME, IT'S, IT'S, IT'S A TEN.

>> Reporter: A FLOOD OF NEW MEDICAID PATIENTS HAVE BEEN ARRIVING AT COMMUNITY CLINICSIN AROUND ARIZONA WITH A BACKLOG OF UNTREATED CONDITIONS, LIKE HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE AND UNCONTROLLED DIABETES.IO MEDICAL PROVIDERS SAY GETTING THIS POPULATION HEALTHIER WILLLL TAKE TIME, BUT THEY'RE MAKING PROGRESS.

>> YOUR 100 POINT QUOTE FOR YOUR FIRST MOVIE.

>> Reporter: BACK IN PHOENIX, AT CARLY'S BISTRO, THE NEXT QUESTION WILL BE HOW MUCH ANY OF THIS WILL TRULY WEIGH ON A VERY DIVIDED ELECTORATE AS VOTERS HEAD TO THE POLLS.WE

>> Reporter: EARLY VOTING IN ARIZONA BEGINS OCTOBER 12. FOR THE PBS NEWSHOUR AND KAISER HEALTH NEWS, I'M SARAH VARNEY.

>> Woodruff: NOW, THE POWER OF PERSUASION, AND HOW THERE ARE WAYS TO INFLUENCE THE THINKING OF POTENTIAL CONSUMERS, AHEAD OF MORE DIRECT MARKETING MESSAGES. PAUL SOLMAN BRING US HIS LATEST "MAKING SENSE" WHICH AIRS W THURSDAYS.

>> Reporter: I'VE HEARD IT SAID THAT THE MOST VALUABLE THING INA TODAY'S WORLD, POST-INDUSTRIAL WORLD, IS THE HUMAN BEING'SRI ATTENTION AND HOW TO GET IT. IS THAT TRUE?W

>> I BELIEVE THAT.

>> Reporter: PSYCHOLOGY PROFESSOR ROBERT CIALDINI: C MARKETING MAVEN, ART ENTHUSIAST, PALM READER.

>> I USED TO BE A PALM READER AND I LEARNED THE TRICK THAT THEY USED TO MAKE PEOPLE SAY, "THEY'RE RIGHT!" ALMOST ALWAYS.

>> Reporter: SO WHAT WAS THE TRICK? IN THE '80s, CIALDINI WROTE AN ATTENTION-GETTING CLASSIC: "INFLUENCE: THE PSYCHOLOGY OF PERSUASION," INTENDED TO ARM CONSUMERS AGAINST MANIPULATIVE MARKETERS. BUT THOSE WHO MADE THE BOOKOO FAMOUS WERE THE PERSUADERS THEMSELVES, WHO MAKE A LIVINGLV BECKONING US EVERY STEP WE TAKE.

>> THOSE ADS, THOSE SIGNS, THAT'S OLD SCHOOL PERSUASION, DIRECTING PEOPLE'S MINDS TO THE CONTENT.

>> Reporter: IN RECENT YEARS, HOWEVER, CIALDINI HAS MADE A NEW DISCOVERY ABOUT HOW TO SPIN FRIENDS AND INFLUENCE PEOPLE..

>> WHAT I'M TALKING ABOUT IS PRE-SUASION, DIRECTING THEIR MINDS TO THE MOMENT BEFORE THEY EXPERIENCE THE CONTENT.

>> Reporter: YES, PRE-SUASION, THE TITLE OF HIS NEW BOOK.

>> PRE-SUASION IS THE PRACTICE OF GETTING PEOPLE SYMPATHETIC TO YOUR MESSAGE BEFORE THEY EXPERIENCE IT.

>> Reporter: BEFORE THEY EVEN HEAR IT EVEN.

>> IT IS WHAT YOU SAY IMMEDIATELY BEFORE YOU DELIVER YOUR MESSAGE THAT LEVERAGES YOUR SUCCESS TREMENDOUSLY.

>> Reporter: OR, IF YOU ARE THE MESSAGEE, THAT PLAYS YOU LIKE A PUPPET.

>> THE BEST SALESMAN I EVER SAW TOLD PEOPLE, "I LEFT SOMETHING IN THE CAR, CAN I GET YOUR KEYI TO LET MYSELF BACK IN?" I HAVE AN ACQUAINTANCE WHO CLAIMS HE GOT THREE GREAT JOBS BY SAYING SOMETHING BEFORE HE BEGAN THE JOB INTERVIEW, IN EACH INSTANCE. AND I HAVE A FRIEND WHO'S A CONSULTANT WHO SAYS, HE NEVERVE GETS PUSH-BACK ON THE PRICE HE OFFERS FOR HIS SERVICES, IF HE SAYS ONE THING FIRST.

>> Reporter: AND PRE-SUASION DEMONSTRABLY WORKS, AS WE'LL TRY TO DEMONSTRATE THROUGHOUT THIS STORY, BY PREPPING THE MIND FOR THE MESSAGE, SUBLIMINALLY.

>> THERE'S THIS INTERESTING STUDY, A GUY GOES TO A SHOPPING MALL IN FRANCE. AND HE TRIES TO GET WOMEN'S PHONE NUMBERS AS THEY PASS VARIOUS SHOPS SO HE COULD CALL FOR A DATE. ONE OF THEM IS A SHOE STORE. AND ANOTHER WAS A BAKERY. BUT IN NEITHER OF THOSE INSTANCES WAS HE VERY SUCCESSFUL. HE ONLY GOT A NUMBER 13% OF THE TIME. BUT THERE WAS ANOTHER KIND OF SHOP THAT DOUBLED HIS SUCCESS RATE WHEN WOMEN WERE PASSING IT. A FLOWER SHOP. WHY? BECAUSE FLOWERS PUT WOMEN IN THE MINDSET OF ROMANCE.

>> Reporter: NOT CONSCIOUSLY. PRE-SUASIVELY, BY EXPLOITING A RULE OF THUMB PASSED DOWN TO US BY EVOLUTION.

>> IF WE ARE PAYING ATTENTION TO SOMETHING, IT'S IMPORTANT, THAT'S HOW WE DECIDE TO PAY ATTENTION. BUT A COMMUNICATOR CAN REROUTE OUR ATTENTION TO SOMETHING THAT ISN'T IMPORTANT, BUT MAKE IT SEEM IMPORTANT AS A CONSEQUENCE.

>> Reporter: AS A CONSEQUENCE OF THE VERY FACT THAT WE'REAC SUBCONSCIOUSLY PAYING ATTENTION TO IT.

>> THERE IS A STUDY THAT SHOWS THAT PEOPLE WHO WERE ASKED THEIR POLITICAL OPINIONS, WHEN THERE WAS A PICTURE OF THE AMERICAN FLAG IN THE CORNER OF THE QUESTIONNAIRE, REPORTED MORE FAVORABLE ATTITUDES TOWARD REPUBLICAN PARTY POSITIONS.IC BECAUSE THE FLAG IS TYPICALLY ASSOCIATED IN PEOPLE'S MINDS WITH A REPUBLICAN BELIEF SET.

>> Reporter: AS ARE CHURCHES. AND STUDIES SHOW THAT PRE- SUASIVE CUES CAN SUBCONSCIOUSLY AFFECT ACTUAL VOTING.

>> IF PEOPLE VOTE AT A POLLING PLACE INSIDE A CHURCH, THEY VOTE MORE REPUBLICAN. IF THEY VOTE AT A POLLING PLACE INSIDE A SCHOOL, THEY VOTE MORE DEMOCRAT. V C

>> Reporter: NOW MARKETERS, ORC, AT LEAST SOME OF THEM, HAVE STUDIED PRE-SUASION'S POTENCY. ONE ONLINE FURNITURE STORE TESTED IMAGES OF FLUFFY CLOUDS VS. COLD HARD CASH ON ITS HOME PAGE.S

>> THOSE WHO SAW THE BACKGROUND DEPICTION OF CLOUDS, SEARCHED THE SITE FOR MORE COMFORTABLE FURNITURE. THOSE WHO WENT TO THE SITE THAT HAD MONEY IN THEIR BACKGROUND BECAME COST CONSCIOUS AND PREFERRED TO PURCHASE LESS EXPENSIVE FURNITURE.

>> Reporter: ISN'T IT OBVIOUS THAT OUR CONSCIOUSNESS IS BEINGO AFFECTED BY, WHAT? OUR PERCEPTIVE APPARATUS?.

>> ALMOST NO ONE RECOGNIZES THAT THE CLOUDS OR THE COINS HAD ANY IMPACT ON THEIR BEHAVIOR, AND YET IT DID AT SIGNIFICANT LEVELS. IT'S THE CUE THAT DRIVES YOU IN THE DIRECTION OF WHAT SEEMS MORE IMPORTANT NOW BECAUSE YOU'RE FOCUSED ON IT.

>> Reporter: WHICH IS WHY WE FLASHED "THE THINKER" AT THE TOP OF THIS STORY: TO PRE-SUADE YOU TO PONDER THE PUZZLES WE POSED AT THE OUTSET, BUT NEVER ANSWERED. WHAT WAS THE TRICK OF SALESMAN, THE JOB SEEKER, THE PRICEY CONSULTANT?

>> IN EACH INSTANCE, THEY DID SOMETHING FIRST.

>> Reporter: STARTING WITH THE SALESMAN WHO CLAIMED HE'D FORGOTTEN SOMETHING IN HIS CAR.

>> HE CREATED A SENSE OF TRUST BECAUSE WHO DO YOU LET BACK INT YOUR HOUSE BY GIVING THEM YOUR KEY, EXCEPT SOMEONE YOU TRUST.

>> Reporter: AND THAT MADE PEOPLE MORE LIKELY TO BUY WHATDE HE WAS SELLING?

>> YES, BECAUSE HE HAD CREATED A MINDSET IN THEM THAT THEY WERE DEALING WITH A TRUSTWORTHY CHARACTER.

>> Reporter: AND THE GUY WHO GOT THE JOBS?

>> BEFORE EVERY INTERVIEW, HE'DE ASK THE INTERVIEWERS, "WHY DID YOU BRING ME IN TODAY? WHAT WAS IT ABOUT MY QUALIFICATIONS THAT MADE YOU ATTRACTED TO MY CANDIDACY?"

>> Reporter: AND WHAT DOES THAT DO?AC

>> IT CAUSED PEOPLE TO START FOCUSING ON THE POSITIVE ASPECTS OF HIS CASE, BEFORE THEY EVEN BEGAN DISCUSSING IT.

>> Reporter: AND THE CONSULTANT WHO NEVER GOT PUSH-BACK ON HIS FEES?

>> HE WOULD SHOW PROSPECTS HIS>> PROPOSAL AND HIS $75,000 FEE AND HE WOULD SAY, "AS YOU CAN TELL, I WON'T BE ABLE TO CHARGE YOU $1 MILLION FOR THIS."

>> Reporter: AND WHAT DOES THAT DO?IO

>> COMPARED TO $1 MILLION, $75,000 NOW SEEMS TRIVIAL.

>> Reporter: AND WHY DID CIALDINI URGE US TO LEAD THIS STORY WITH PUZZLES?

>> ONE WAY TO GET PRE-SUASIVE ATTENTION TO YOUR CASE IS TO BEGIN WITH A MYSTERY STORY. MYSTERIES CAUSE PEOPLE TO WANTIE TO UNDERSTAND TO GET CLOSURE, WHICH CAUSED THEM, I HOPE, TO WANT TO STAY WITH THEST PROGRAMMING AND LISTEN TILL THE END.

>> Reporter: SO READ MY PALM.

>> PAUL, I CAN SEE YOU ARE A STUBBORN MAN.LM

>> Reporter: I'M SOMEWHAT STUBBORN. M

>> WHAT I'VE DONE IS TO SEND YOU DOWN A MEMORY TRACK WHERE YOU WOULD ENCOUNTER TIMES WHERE YOU WERE STUBBORN.K AND YOU WOULD LOOK AT ME AND SAY, "THAT'S RIGHT."

>> Reporter: AND THAT'S THE WHOLE DEAL?AT T

>> NO. SUPPOSE I LOOKED AT YOUR PALM AND SAW THE SAME THING AND SAIDA YOU'RE A VERY FLEXIBLE MAN. NOW I'VE SENT YOU DOWN A MEMORY TRACK WHERE YOU WOULD ENCOUNTER TIMES WHERE YOU WERE FLEXIBLE,WE AND YOU WOULD SAY TO ME, "THAT'S RIGHT, THAT'S WHO I AM."WH

>> Reporter: WELL, I MIGHT NOT BE QUITE THAT HISTRIONIC BUT I THINK I WOULD SAY YEAH, I'M FLEXIBLE.

>> AND I'VE EVEN DONE THAT WITH A PERSON AT A PARTY. READ HIS PALM, TOLD HIM HE WASHE STUBBORN AT THE BEGINNING, TOLD HIM HE WAS A FLEXIBLE GUY AT THE END AND HE SAID "YOU'RE RIGHT" BOTH TIMES.

>> Reporter: BUT HEY, MAKING SENSE IS SUPPOSED TO BE THE NEWSHOUR'S WEEKLY ECONOMICS B SEGMENT. SO ECONOMICS, AS IT'S TAUGHT AND PRACTICED, IS BASED ON THE NOTION OF RATIONAL MAXIMIZATION.

>> CORRECT.

>> Reporter: THIS IS NOT RATIONAL MAXIMIZATION.

>> NO. WHAT NEW PSYCHOLOGY SUGGESTS IT'S THE FACTOR THAT IS TOP OF CONSCIOUSNESS AT THE MOMENT BEFORE YOU MAKE THAT ECONOMIC DECISION THAT WILL WIN THE DAY.N

>> Reporter: AND SO, FROM MIDTOWN MANHATTAN, REPORTING STUBBORNLY, YET FLEXIBLY, THIS IS ECONOMICS CORRESPONDENT PAUL SOLMAN.

>> Woodruff: ON THE NEWSHOUR ONLINE RIGHT NOW, MEET THEHE NEWEST MACARTHUR GENIUS GRANT WINNERS, AND, HOW WORRIED SHOULD WE BE ABOUT TERRORISM? ALL THAT AND MORE IS ON OUR WEB SITE, pbs.org/newshour.

>> Ifill: AND THAT'S THE NEWSHOUR FOR TONIGHT.ho I'M GWEN IFILL.

>> Woodruff: AND I'M JUDY WOODRUFF. JOIN US ONLINE, AND AGAIN HERE TOMORROW EVENING WITH MARKRR SHIELDS AND DAVID BROOKS. FOR ALL OF US AT THE PBS P NEWSHOUR, THANK YOU AND GOOD NIGHT.

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>> PLANNING A VACATION ESCE THAT IS RELAXING, INVITING, AND EXCITING IS A LOT EASIER THAN YOU THINK. YOU CAN FIND IT HERE, IN ARUBA. FAMILIES, COUPLES, AND FRIENDS CAN ALL FIND THEIR ESCAPE ON THE ISLAND WITH WARM, SUNNY DAYS, COOLING TRADE WINDS, AND THE