PBS NewsHour Weekend; PBS NewsHour Weekend : KQED : May 2, 2015 5:30pm-6:01pm PDT

Captioning sponsored by WNET

>> Sreenivasan: ON THIS EDITION FOR SATURDAY MAY 2: AS CROWDS RALLIED IN BALTIMORE, SIX POLICE OFFICERS CHARGED IN CONNECTION WITH THE DEATH OF FREDDIE GRAY ARE NOW OUT ON BAIL. FROM AFGHANISTAN: DOZENS OF MEN FACE TRIAL FOR THE MOB KILLING OF THIS WOMAN MISTAKENLY ACCUSED OF BURNING THE KORAN. AND SANDTOWN BY THE NUMBERS. A SPECIAL SERIES OF REPORTS ABOUT WHAT LIFE IS LIKE IN THE IMPOVERISHED BALTIMORE NEIGHBORHOOD WHERE FREDDIE GRAY GREW UP AND WAS ARRESTED. NEXT ON PBS NEWSHOUR WEEKEND.

>> PBS NEWSHOUR WEEKEND IS MADE POSSIBLE BY: CORPORATE FUNDING IS PROVIDED BY MUTUAL OF AMERICA-- DESIGNING CUSTOMIZED INDIVIDUAL AND GROUP RETIREMENT PRODUCTS. THAT'S WHY WE ARE YOUR RETIREMENT COMPANY. ADDITIONAL SUPPORT IS PROVIDED BY: AND BY THE CORPORATION FOR PUBLIC BROADCASTING AND BY CONTRIBUTIONS TO YOUR PBS STATION FROM VIEWERS LIKE YOU. THANK YOU. FROM THE TISCH WNET STUDIOS IN LINCOLN CENTER IN NEW YORK, HARI SREENIVASAN.

>> Sreenivasan: GOOD EVENING. THANKS FOR JOINING US. WE BEGIN TONIGHT IN BALTIMORE WHERE A THRONG OF PEOPLE, SOME CHANTING “TAKE BACK THE CITY" AND CALLING FOR AN END TO THE CURFEW, GATHERED PEACEFULLY TODAY OUTSIDE CITY HALL. THIS, FOLLOWING THE RELEASE ON BAIL LAST NIGHT OF THE SIX BALTIMORE POLICE OFFICERS, WHO WERE ARRESTED IN CONNECTION WITH THE DEATH OF FREDDIE GRAY. THE 25-YEAR-OLD DIED IN POLICE CUSTODY TOUCHING OFF DAYS OF RIOTS. FOR THE LATEST FROM BALTIMORE, WE ARE JOINED ONCE AGAIN TONIGHT BY LUKE BROADWATER OF THE BALTIMORE SUN. WHAT'S THE TIMETABLE FOR THE PROSECUTION? THE CHARGES CAME DOWN VERY QUICKLY. WHAT KIND OF A TIMELINE ARE WE LOOKING FOR NOW THAT WE KNOW THESE SIX OFFICERS ARE OUT ON BAIL?

>> FELONY CHARGES IN MARYLAND HAVE TO GO BEFORE A GRAND JURY SO A GRAND JURY IS GOING TO HAVE TO HEAR THESE CHARGES. OBVIOUSLY THAT'S A ONE-SIDE SITUATION WHERE ONLY THE PROSECUTION GETS TO PRESENT EVIDENCE. THAT WILL HAVE TO HAPPEN WITHIN 30 DAYS. IF THE GRAND JURY DECIDE TO BRING CHARGES AGAINST THE OFFICERS THEN THEY WILL HAVE AN ARRAIGNMENT. SO WE COULD SEE THAT ALL WITHIN THE NEXT MONTH. AND AFTER THEY'RE ARRAIGNED, THEN WE'D LIKELY SEE WHAT THEY WANT TO PLEA OR GO TO TRIAL. SO WE-- WE COULD BE-- YOU KNOW TRIALS IN BALTIMORE NOTORIOUSLY TAKE A LONG TIME. I MEAN, WE SEE POSTPONEMENTS ALL THE TIMES. WE'VE SEEN CASES THAT DRAG ON FOR YEARS AND YEARS AND YEARS. BUT I THINK WITH THE HIGH-PROFILE NATURE OF THIS ONE, I THINK WE WILL BE SEEING THESE CASES IN COURT PRETTY QUICKLY.

>> Sreenivasan: SO THREE OF THE SIX POLICE OFFICERS INVOLVED WERE AFRICAN AMERICANS. HOW IS THAT AFFECTING HOW THIS STORY IS CONSUMED, PERCEIVED ON THE STREETS OF BALTIMORE?

>> I WOULD SAY IT MAKES VERY LITTLE DIFFERENCE. ALMOST EVERYBODY I TALK TO ON THE STREET SAYS IT DOESN'T MATTER TO US WHETHER THE OFFICER IS WHITE OR BLACK. WHAT MATTERS TO US IS THAT WE GET JUSTICE IN THE CASE. I THINK POTENTIALLY, ESPECIALLY WHEN WE'RE TALKING ABOUT BIG NATIONAL CASES THE RACE OF THE OFFICERS SEEMS VERY IMPORTANT TO MAYBE PEOPLE WHO ARE LOOKING IN FROM THE OUTSIDE. BUT ON THE GROUND HERE, I FOUND ALMOST ENTIRELY PEOPLE SAY THAT DOES NOT MATTER AT ALL TO THEM.

>> Sreenivasan: SO AS THIS-- YOU KNOW AS YOU POINTED OUT, THAT THIS CASE COULD DRAG ON FOR MONTHS OR POSSIBLY LONGER IS THE CITY EQUIPPED TO HANDLE ANOTHER FLARE-UP OR ANOTHER ROUND OF TENSION GIVEN WHAT THEY'VE EXPERIENCED OVER THE PAST COUPLE OF WEEKS?

>> WELL, AS WE SAW ON-- I WOULD SAY ONLY ONE DAY THIS WEEK DID WE REALLY NEED THE NATIONAL GUARD, AND THAT WAS ON MONDAY. THAT WAS THE DAY ALL HELL BROKE LOOSE AND THE DAY OF THE RIOT. THAT DAY, DEFINITELY, THERE WERE A LOT OF POLICE THAT WERE NEED ED TO KEEP ORDER IN BALTIMORE. SINCE THAT DAY, THERE HAS BEEN NO VIOLENCE AT ALL RELATED TO THE PROTEST OF THE FREDDIE GRAY CASE. WHAT THERE HAS BEEN IS A LOT OF VIOLENCE THAT HAS NOTHING TO DO WITH THE FREDDIE GRAY CASE, AND THAT IS THE NORMAL VIOLENCE THAT THERE IS IN BALTIMORE. I MEAN, I THINK WE'VE HAD 17 PEOPLE SHOT SINCE THE NATIONAL GUARD ARRIVED. WE JUST HAD A STORE OWNER ROBBED AND KILLED. SO WE ARE SEEING VIOLENCE, BUT IT'S NOT-- IT'S NOT FROM THE PROTESTERS.

>> Sreenivasan: LUKE BROADWATER FROM THE "BALTIMORE SUN" THANK YOU VERY MUCH SO MUCH FOR JOINING US.

>> Sreenivasan: IN OAKLAND CALIFORNIA, PROTESTERS

>> Sreenivasan: IN OAKLAND CALIFORNIA LAST NIGHT, DEMONSTRATORS PROTESTING ALLEGED POLICE BRUTALITY THREW ROCKS AND CHAIRS AT POLICE AND SMASHED CAR WINDOWS AT AUTO DEALERSHIPS. THE INCIDENTS OCCURRED AFTER PEACEFUL GATHERINGS TO MARK MAY DAY. THERE WAS ALSO TROUBLE IN SEATTLE. AT LEAST 15 PEOPLE WERE ARRESTED THERE AND SEVERAL DOZEN VEHICLES WERE DAMAGED, ACCORDING TO AUTHORITIES. IOWA HAS BECOME THE THIRD STATE TO DECLARE A STATE OF EMERGENCY BECAUSE OF THE GROWING SPREAD OF THE AVIAN FLU. IOWA PRODUCES MORE EGGS THAN ANY OTHER STATE. GOVERNOR TERRY BRANSTAD'S DECLARATION GIVES AUTHORITIES ADDITIONAL POWERS TO ENFORCE PREVENTATIVE MEASURES. MINNESOTA AND WISCONSIN TOOK SIMILAR STEPS LAST MONTH. AN ESTIMATED 21 MILLION CHICKENS AND TURKEYS HAVE BEEN OR WILL BE KILLED NATIONWIDE TO TRY TO CURB THE OUTBREAK, WHICH DOES NOT POSE A THREAT TO HUMANS. THE UNITED NATIONS SAYS MORE THAN A MILLION AND A HALF MILLION PEOPLE IN NEPAL ARE IN IMMEDIATE NEED OF FOOD. THIS, AS THE DEATH TOLL FROM LAST WEEKEND'S EARTHQUAKE CLIMBED TODAY TO MORE THAN 7,000. AUTHORITIES SAY DELIVERY OF ASSISTANCE IS ONLY POSSIBLE BY HELICOPTER TO SOME AREAS OUTSIDE THE CAPITAL CITY OF KATHMANDU. WORD FROM NIGERIA TONIGHT OF THE RESCUE OF ANOTHER 234 WOMEN AND CHILDREN WHO HAD BEEN TAKEN CAPTIVE BY BOKO HARAM ISLAMIC EXTREMISTS. SEVERAL HUNDRED OTHERS WERE FREED BY THE NIGERIAN ARMY EARLIER THIS WEEK. ACCORDING TO THE BBC, IT WAS NOT IMMEDIATELY CLEAR WHAT CONNECTION, IF ANY, THOSE RESCUED TODAY HAD TO THE 219 SCHOOL GIRLS ABDUCTED A LITTLE MORE THAN A YEAR AGO. IN AFGHANISTAN, 49 SUSPECTS, INCLUDING 19 POLICE OFFICERS, WERE PUT ON TRIAL TODAY IN CONNECTION WITH THE MOB KILLING OF AN AFGHAN WOMAN. THE 27-YEAR-OLD WOMAN WAS BEATEN, KICKED AND THEN SET ON FIRE AS SEVERAL POLICEMEN REPORTEDLY LOOKED ON. THE CASE DREW NATIONAL ATTENTION AFTER THE ATTACK WAS CAPTURED ON A MOBILE PHONE AND DISTRIBUTED ONLINE. TODAY'S COURT PROCEEDINGS WERE TELEVISED NATIONALLY IN AFGHANISTAN. AND PRINCE WILLIAM AND KATE MIDDLETON ARE THE NEW PARENTS OF A BABY GIRL. THE UNNAMED NEWBORN WAS DELIVERED SHORTLY AFTER 8:30 IN THE MORNING LOCAL TIME IN LONDON AND WEIGHED IN AT EIGHT POUNDS AND THREE OUNCES. THE PRINCESS IS THE FOURTH IN THE LINE TO THE THRONE BEHIND HER GRANDFATHER, PRINCE CHARLES; HER FATHER, PRINCE WILLIAM; AND HER 21-MONTH-OLD OLDER BROTHER, PRINCE GEORGE.

>> Sreenivasan: SOMETHING DIFFERENT TONIGHT. WE'RE GOING TO USE MOST OF OUR REMAINING TIME TO OFFER YOU A DETAILED LOOK AT LIFE IN ONE OF THE POOREST SECTIONS OF BALTIMORE. OUR FOCUS IS SANDTOWN/WINCHESTER-- THE IMPOVERISHED NEIGHBORHOOD WHERE THERE WAS RIOTING THIS PAST WEEK FOLLOWING THE DEATH OF FREDDIE GRAY. HE GREW UP AND WAS ARRESTED THERE. SO LET'S BEGIN “SANDTOWN BY THE NUMBERS.” IT'S A COMMUNITY OF 14,000 THOUSAND PEOPLE ON BALTIMORE'S WEST SIDE THAT LIKE SO MANY OTHERS WAS HARD HIT BY THE LOSS OF MANUFACTURING JOBS AFTER BIG COMPANIES LIKE BETHLEHEM STEEL LEFT TOWN. THE LATEST AVAILABLE NUMBERS PUT THE UNEMPLOYMENT RATE IN SANDTOWN AT MORE THAN 21%-- ABOUT FOUR TIMES THE NATIONAL AVERAGE. ALMOST A THIRD OF THE RESIDENTS THERE LIVE IN POVERTY-- THAT'S TWICE THE NATIONAL AVERAGE. WE BEGIN BY LOOKING AT HEALTH CARE IN SANDTOWN. FOR MORE ABOUT THIS WE ARE JOINED BY DR. ROBERT BLUM, THE DIRECTOR OF JOHNS HOPKINS URBAN HEALTH INSTITUTE. THE INSTITUTE IS LESS THAN 5 MILES FROM SANDTOWN. SO, THERE'S THIS PHRASE ABOUT THIS GENETIC LOTTERY. WE DON'T CHOOSE WHO WE'RE BORN TO. BUT THE INFANT TORTALITY RATE IN SANDTOWN IS MORE THAN THREE AND A HALF TIMES THE NATIONAL AVERAGE, 21 PER,000 BIRTHS COMPARED TO SIX PER THOUSAND BIRTHS. FROM THE VERY OUTSET OF LIFE WE ALREADY SEE A HUGE DISPARITY IN HEALTH FOR A PERSON BORN THERE VERSUS THE AVERAGE AMERICAN. UNPACK THAT FOR US A BIT.

>> WELL, FIRST OF ALL JUST TO PUT THAT IN PERSPECTIVE IF BALTIMORE WERE A COUNTRY, WE WOULD BE 75th IN THE WORLD FOR INFANT MORTALITY, BELOW EVERY INDUSTRIALIZE COUNTRY AND MANY LOW- AND MIDDLE-INCOME COUNTRIES. WE HAVE PERSISTENT PROBLEMS DUE TO LACK OF ACCESS TO RESOURCES, DUE TO PERSISTENT POVERTY, DUE TO LACK OF EDUCATION, DUE TO LACK OF OPPORTUNITIES, AND ALL OF THESE INTERACT TO CREATE AN ENVIRONMENT WHERE NEITHER CHILDREN NOR ADULTS THRIVE.

>> Sreenivasan: SO THERE'S ANOTHER NUMBER WE CAME ACROSS THAT STRUCK US. THAT IS LIFE EXPECTANCY IN SANDTOWN. IT'S JUST OVER 65 YEARS. 13 YEARS BELOW THE NATIONAL AVERAGE. THAT PUTS PEOPLE THERE ON PAR WITH FOLKS IN PAKISTAN AND REWANDA. WHAT SHOULD WE MAKE OF THAT?

>> SO WHAT WE HAVE IS A WHOLE SET OF CONDITIONS. WE KNOW TODAY THAT ONE'S ENVIRONMENT, ONE'S CONTEXT DRIVE THEIR LIFE EXPECTANCY, DRIVE THEIR HEALTH STATUS, AND TO LIVE IN AN ENVIRONMENT OF PERSISTENT POVERTY, WE'RE NOT JUST TALKING ABOUT ACCESS TO MEDICAL CARE. WE'RE TALKING ABOUT ACCESS TO FOOD HEALTHY FOOD. WE'RE TALKING ABOUT ACCESS TO EXERCISE AND RECREATIONAL PLACES. WE'RE TALKING ABOUT SANITATION. OUR ENVIRONMENTS IN SANDTOWN/SANDWICH IS ONE EXAMPLE, BUT THERE ARE MANY COMMUNITIES LIKE THAT IN BALTIMORE WHERE THE ENTIRE ENVIRONMENT, BOTH THE PHYSICAL AND SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT, IS TOXIC.

>> Sreenivasan:

>> Sreenivasan: YOU WROTE IN THE "WASHINGTON POST," TEENAGERS IN BALTIMORE FACE POORER HEALTH AND MORE NEGATIVE OUTLOOKS THAN THOSE IN URBAN CENTERS OF NIGERIA AND CHINA." HOW DOES THIS AFFECT THE PERCEPTION THEY HAVE OF THE WORLD?

>> THE PERCEPTION THEY HAVE BECAUSE OF LACK OF OPPORTUNITY BECAUSE OF BEING LEFT OUT OF ANY AMERICAN DREAM IS THAT THERE ISN'T ANY INSTITUTION THEY TRUST. THE FOCUS THIS PAST WEEK HAS BEEN ON THE POLICE AND LACK OF TRUST FOR THE POLICE. BUT THERE'S LACK OF TRUST FOR EDUCATION, FOR GOVERNMENT, FOR SOCIAL SERVICES. THEY DON'T TRUST ANY ADULT BECAUSE IN FACT MANY OF THEM REPORT THAT THEY LIVE IN PERSISTENT FEAR IN HOME, IN SCHOOL IN THEIR NEIGHBORHOODS. THEIR LIVES ARE CONSISTENT FEAR.

>> Sreenivasan: FOCUSING IN ON HEALTH CARE WHAT KIND OF ACCESS CHALLENGES ARE THERE IN THIS NEIGHBORHOOD? I MEAN, JUST WHEN I WAS THERE IN THE LAST COUPLE OF DAYS, I MET SEVERAL OF THESE FOLKS WHO DON'T HAVE TRANSPORTATION, SO FOR THEM, EVEN THE BURNED DOWN CVS WAS A SERIOUS PROBLEM OF WHERE THEY WERE GOING TO GET THEIR PRESCRIPTIONS FILLED.

>> ABSOLUTELY. SO LACK OF TRANSPORTATION IS A BIG ISSUE. LACK OF HEALTHY FOOD IS A HUGE ISSUE. MANY PEOPLE IN THESE COMMUNITIES HAVE TO TRAVEL MILES WITHOUT ANY TRANSPORTATION TO GET TO A GROCERY STORE, A GREEN GROCER. FOR MANY, LACK OF ACCESS TO HEALTH CARE SERVICES. THESE ARE COMPOUNDED BY PERSISTENT TRAUMA THAT PEOPLE IN OUR NEIGHBORHOODS HAVE. FOR EXAMPLE CHILDREN HAVE, ON AVERAGE, TWO-- EXPERIENCE TWO ADVERSE CHILDHOOD EXPERIENCES. THIS IS EXTREME VIOLENCE. APPROXIMATELY 18% SAY THEY HAVE WITNESSED A RELATIVE OR A FRIEND OR SOMEONE THEY KNEW HAVING BEEN SHOT OR KILLED. SO KIDS GROW UP IN THESE KINDS OF ENVIRONMENTS AND THAT KIND OF TOXIC STRESS TAKES A HUGE TOLL ON PHYSICAL HEALTH AS WELL AS MENTAL HEALTH. MENTAL HEALTH ISSUES ARE A TREMENDOUS SET OF CONCERNS FOR PEOPLE. AND IT BECOMES INTERGENERATIONAL. IT'S PASSED FROM MOTHER TO CHILD OR FATHER TO CHILD NOT GENETICALLY OR BIOLOGICAL, BUT SOCIALLY, AND THAT'S THE CONTEXT.

>> Sreenivasan: ALL RIGHT DR. ROBERT BLUM, DIRECTOR OF JOHNS HOPKINS URBAN HEALTH INSTITUTE. THANKS SO MUCH FOR JOINING US.

>> THANK YOU VERY MUCH FOR HAVING ME.

>> Sreenivasan: OF COURSE, ALL WEEK LONG, WE'VE SEEN MANY YOUNG PEOPLE FROM SANDTOWN/WINCHESTER, OTHER INNER CITY BALTIMORE COMMUNITIES ALONG WITH MANY OTHER CONCERNED CITIZENS PROTESTING, THE DEATH OF FREDDIE GRAY AT THE HANDS OF POLICE. FOR A LOOK AT RELATIONS WITH THE POLICE, WE ARE JOINED NOW BY NATASHA PRATT-HARRIS, A Ph.D., AN ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE AND SOCIOLOGY AT MORGAN STATE UNIVERSITY IN BALTIMORE. I WANT TO PLAY YOU A CLIP WE CAME ACROSS THIS WEEK. IT'S OF A YOUNG MAN TALKING ABOUT HOW HE BELIEVES POLICE TREAT MEN OF COLOR AS SUSPECTS.

>> IT REALLY HURTS WHEN YOU COME OUT IN THE MORNING AND YOU JUST CAN'T COME OUT, TAKE DEEP BREATH AND TAKE A WALK. YOU CAN'T EVEN TAKE A WALK, BECAUSE WHEN YOU DO, HALF OF THE TIMES THEY ARE STARING AT YOU THEY ARE LOOKING AT YOU. YOU GOT SOMETHING PLANNED IN THEIR MINDS.

>> Sreenivasan: IS THAT A FAIR DESCRIPTION ABOUT WHAT'S HAPPENED?

>> I WOULD SAY HE'S SPEAKING HIS TRUTH. I ACTUALLY GREW UP IN THE CITY OF BALTIMORE ATTENDED PUBLIC SCHOOLS. I ACTUALLY TEACH IN THE CITY OF BALTIMORE AT MORGAN STATE UNIVERSITY. I HAVE NOT MET A MAN OF COLOR IN THIS CITY WHO SPENT ANY SIGNIFICANT TIME IN THE CITY WHO HASN'T HAD THAT EXPERIENCE, AN EXPERIENCE THAT WAS IN SOME WAYS NEGATIVE, SOME NEGATIVE ENCOUNTER. SO WHAT HE SAID DOES NOT SURPRISE ME. I WILL SAY THAT, YOU KNOW, WE DON'T NECESSARILY HEAR VOICES LIKE HIS SHARING WHAT'S HAPPENED. SO IT'S WITHOUT A DOUBT A FAIR DESCRIPTION. ONE OF THE THINGS THAT I WANT TO MAKE CERTAIN IS CLEAR HOWEVER, IS THAT IS NOT THE ONLY EXPERIENCE FOR RESIDENTS OF THE CITY WHEN IT COMES TO LAW ENFORCEMENT. THERE ARE QUITE A FEW POSITIVE ENCOUNTERS, BUT THOSE NEGATIVE ONES OUTWEIGH THE POSITIVE, SIMILAR TO THIS PAST WEEK. WE'VE SEEN THE NEGATIVE DEPICTIONS OF PERSONS WHO WERE ENGAGED IN VIOLENT CRIMINAL ACTS AND THOSE NEGATIVE THINGS OUTWEIGHED THE VERY POSITIVE THINGS THAT HAPPENED.

>> Sreenivasan: YOUNG MEN ARE ARRESTED AT A MUCH HIGHER RATE THAN THE NATIONAL AVERAGE. ACTUALLY, MORE THAN FIVE TIMES AS OFTEN. SO HOW DO COMMUNITY RELATIONS, POLICE RELATIONS SUFFER OR HOW ARE THEY AFFECTED BY THIS?

>> I WILL KIND OF SPEAK TO WHY THAT'S HAPPENING. THERE'S THIS DEBATE THAT THE RATIONALE BEHIND THAT NUMBER IS RELATED TO THE INCIDENCES OF VIOLENCE OR THE RATE BY WHICH PERSONS ARE ENGAGING CRIMINALLY. SO THE ONE SIDE OF THE ARGUMENT IS IF PEOPLE ARE ENGAGING CRIMINALLY, THEY'RE GOING TO BE DETAINED. THEY'RE GOING TO BE ARRESTED BY LAW ENFORCEMENT. BUT THE OTHER ARGUMENT IS THAT THEY HAD MORE CONTACT WITH THE POLICE. THAT MEANS THAT POLICE ARE IN COMMUNITIES THAT ARE IMPOVERISHED. THEY ARE ACTUALLY IDENTIFYING INDIVIDUALS AS ENGAGING CRIMINALLY. IF THERE'S MORE CONTACT WITH LAW ENFORCEMENT, THERE'S MORE LIKELIHOOD OF ENCOUNTER, WHICH LENDS ITSELF TO CONTAINMENT AND LATER INCARCERATION.

>> Sreenivasan: THERE ARE GOING TO BE PEOPLE WHO SAY, LOOK THE HOMICIDE RATE IN SANDTOWN/SANDWICH IS SO MANY TIMES THE NATIONAL AVERAGE. DON'T THE PEOPLE LIVING IN THIS COMMUNITY DESERVE A POLICE PRESENCE TO PROTECT THEMSELVESES? I MEAN, WE HAD A DOCTOR ON WHO TALKED ABOUT HOW MOST KIDS THERE WITNESS A COUPLE OF TRAUMATIC EVENTS IN THEIR LIFETIME, WHICH IS KIND OF SOMETHING THE REST OF THE COUNTRY DOESN'T CONNECT WITH.

>> I UNDERSTAND, AND I AGREE THAT LAW ENFORCEMENT ARE RESPONSIBLE FOR POLICING, BUT LAW ENFORCEMENT DOESN'T ONLY HAVE TO ENGAGE IN THE TRADITIONAL SENSE OF POLICING. THERE'S SUCH A THING AS COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT AND THE BALTIMORE CITY POLICE HAS DONE A FANTASTIC JOB HISTORICALLY IN ENGAGING WITH THE COMMUNITY. AND WE ARE FAMILIAR WITH THE POLICE ATHLETIC LEAGUES WHERE THEY ENGAGE. THEY HAD A PRESENCE. IF YOU ARE ACTUALLY IN THE PRESENCE AND ENGAGED WITH MEMBERS OF THE COMMUNITY THAT'S ANOTHER WAY TO POLICE BECAUSE YOU GET A SENSE OF WHO'S WHO AND WHO'S ENGAGED IN WHAT ACTIVITY SO YOU CAN EITHER QUELL OR JUST ELIMINATE THE POSSIBILITY OF SOME CRIMINAL ACTIVITY ENGAGING. TENT WHAT WE SEE IS A REACTRY TYPE OF POLICING INSTEAD OF PREVENTION. WE'RE RESPONDING TO-- I ARGUE-- TO OUR FEAR GLZ WHEN WE THINK ABOUT POLICY FOR YEARS UNDER FORMER BALTIMORE MAYOR MARTIN O'MALLEY THE CITY INSTITUTE AID BROKEN WINDOW-STYLE, ZERO TOLERANCE POLICING AND THEY SAY CRIME RATES DID DECLINE LIKE THEY DID IN MANY BIG CITIES, INCLUDING NEW YORK. WHAT ARE THE RIPPLE EFFECTS OF THAT? WHY DIDN'T THOSE POLICIES WORK OR WHAT ARE THE POLICIES THAT SHOULD BE IMPLEMENTED?

>> WELL THOSE PARTICULAR POLICIES I WOULD ARGUE WERE-- THEY WERE EFFECTIVE IN REDUCING CRIME-- OR THEY MAY HAVE BEEN EFFECTIVE. WHAT WE KNOW IS THAT THERE WERE STILL PAINS AND TROUBLES AND PROBLEMS IN THOSE VERY COMMUNITIES PURPOSE THERE WERE RESOURCES AND PROGRAMS THAT WERE CUT AFTER-- OR DURING THE O'MALLEY ADMINISTRATION WHICH IN FACT CAN SPEAK TO THE VERY PROBLEMS THAT WE SEE TODAY. THERE'S JUST SOME SIMPLE THINGS THAT WE CAN DO TO ADDRESS COMMUNITY POLICE RELATIONS. IT BEGINS WITH HAVING A CONVERSATION.

>> Sreenivasan: OKAY, NATASHA PRATT-HARRIS, ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE AND SOCIOLOGY AT MORGAN STATE UNIVERSITY IN BALTIMORE. THANKS SO MUCH.

>> THANK YOU FOR HAVING ME.

>> Sreenivasan: WE WANTED TO TURN NOW TO SOCIAL ASPECTS OF LIFE IN SANDTOWN. ESPECIALLY FAMILY LIFE. FOR MORE ABOUT THAT, WE ARE JOINED BY TARA HUFFMAN FROM THE OPEN SOCIETY INSTITUTE IN BALTIMORE. SHE IS THE DIRECTOR OF THE CRIMINAL AND JUVENILE JUSTICE PROGRAM. SO TARA, I WANT TO START BY PLAYING YOU A CLIP-- AN EXCERPT OF WHAT PRESIDENT OBAMA SAID EARLIER THIS WEEK, DESCRIBING IMPOVERISHED COMMUNITIES ACROSS THE COUNTRY THAT HE SAID HE HAD BEEN STRIPPED OF OPPORTUNITY.

>> WHERE CHILDREN ARE BORN INTO ABJECT POVERTY; THEY'VE GOT PARENTS-- OFTEN BECAUSE OF SUBSTANCE-ABUSE PROBLEMS OR INCARCERATION OR LACK OF EDUCATION THEMSELVES-- CAN'T DO RIGHT BY THEIR KIDS. COMMUNITIES WHERE THERE ARE NO FATHERS WHO CAN PROVIDE GUIDANCE TO YOUNG MEN.

>> Sreenivasan: IS THAT A FAIR PICTURE OF WHAT LIFE IS LIKE IN SANDTOWN?

>> YES, I WOULD SAY THAT'S A VERY FAIR PICTURE OF WHAT LIFE IS LIKE IN SANDTOWN/SANDWICH. IF YOU LOOK AT THE HISTORY OF HOUSING POLICY IN BALTIMORE CITY, YOU'LL SEE THAT IN THE 1910S AND 20s AND 30s, THERE WERE A SERIES OF CITY ORDINANCE AND RESTRICTIVE COVENANCE AND RED LINING THAT LINING THAT LOCKED AFRICAN AMERICAN FAMILIES OUT OF RESOURCE-RICH NEIGHBORHOODS AND INTO RESOURCE-POOR NEIGHBORHOODS. IN THE 50s, 60s AND 70s THOSE SAME NEIGHBORHOODS WERE DISPLACED. UP TO 20,000 FAMILIES DISPLACED SO THE CITY COULD BUILD NEW HIGHWAYS AND NEW SCHOOLS AND NEW HOUSING PROJECTS. AND THEN CAME THE LOSS OF JOBS IN THE 1980s GOOD-PAYING JOBS THAT DIDN'T REQUIRE A LOT OF EDUCATION BUT THAT WENT AWAY WITH THE MANUFACTURING SECTOR. AND THEN HERE COMES THE 1990S AND THE 2000s AND THE DRUG WAR THAT OVER-POLICED OVER-CRIMINALIZED AND OVER-INCARCERATED SCORES OF AFRICAN AMERICANS, INCLUDING THOSE IN SANDTOWN/SANDWICH.

>> Sreenivasan: YOU KNOW, YOU BRING UP INCARCERATION. THE RATES IN THESE AREAS ARE INCREDIBLY HIGH ALMOST SEVEN TIMES THE NATIONAL AVERAGE. HOW DOES THAT PLAY INTO AND AFFECT THE NOTION OF WHAT WE CONSIDER A FAMILY OR FAMILY LIFE?

>> I LIKE TO THINK OF IT SORT OF AS A JINGA SPUZ PUZZLE. IF YOU'RE PLAYING THE GAME OF JING AYOU TAKE OUT ONE BLOCK, THE TOWER STILL STANDS, YOU TAKE OUT ANOTHER BLOCK THE TOWER STILL STANDS, BUT EVENTUALLY YOU REMOVE TOO MANY BLOCKS AND THE WHOLE THING COMES CRUMBLING DOWN. WHEN YOU PULL OUT TOO MANY PEOPLE FROM THAT COMMUNITY, PARTICULARLY TOO MANY AFRICAN AMERICAN MEN FROM THAT COMMUNITY AND EXPECT THAT THE COMMUNITY IS GOING TO BE BETTER, YOUR APPROACH IS FLAWED. YOU CANNOT CONTINUE TO INCARCERATE THAT MANY PEOPLE FROM A COMMUNITY AND NOT EXPECT THE COMMUNITY TO SUFFER. AND THEN AFTER SOME PERIOD OF TIME RELEASE THOSE SAME PEOPLE BACK INTO THAT COMMUNITY BUT NOW THEY HAVE A CRIMINAL HISTORY THAT'S GOING TO PREVENT THEM FROM GETTING EMPLOYMENT FINDING DECENT HOUSING, AND BEATING KIND OF MEN AND FATHERS AND BROTHERS AND SONS THAT THEY WANT TO BE AND THAT EVERYONE EXPECTS THEM TO BE.

>> Sreenivasan: I WANT TO READ YOU SOME COMMENTS HERE, ALSO, FROM RAND PAUL THE SENATOR AND ALSO PRESIDENTIAL CANDIDATE ON THE PROTEST INVOLVEMENT IN WEEK: REACTION TO THAT?

>> WE CANNOT TALK ABOUT BREAKDOWN OF FAMILIES AND BREAKDOWN OF THE MORAL CODE WITHOUT ALSO TALKING ABOUT GOVERNMENT'S ROLE IN EITHER INVESTING IN THESE FAMILIES AND THESE COMIEWNTSZ OR NOT INVESTING IN THESE FAMILIES AND THESE COMMUNITIES. SO IF YOU WANT TO IMPROVE A SANDTOWN/SANDWICH, IF YOU WANT TO PREVENT ANOTHER FREDDIE GRAY THEN WHAT IT'S GOING TO TAKE IS NOT JUST INVESTMENT-- BECAUSE INVESTMENTS HAVE HAPPENED IN SANDTOWN/SANDWICH BUT THEY'VE BEEN PIECEMEAL AND THEY'VE BEEN PILOT PROJECTS NOT PART OF A COMPREHENSIVE INVESTMENT STRATEGY. AND IT PALES IN COMPARISON TO THE KINDS OF INVESTMENT WE'VE SEEN IN OTHER PARTS OF THE CITY, PARTICULARLY DOWNTOWN AND THOSE SURROUNDING NEIGHBORHOODS. SO IF YOU'RE GOING TO INVEST THEY HAVE TO BE TARGETED INVESTMENTSINVESTMENTS THAT DELIBERATELY DISMANTLE YEARS OF STRUCTURAL RACISM AND INEQUALITY IN THOSE COMMUNITIES.

>> Sreenivasan: ALL RIGHT MEIKE HOFFMANN FROM THE OPEN SOCIETY INSTITUTE, THANKS SO MUCH.

>> THANK YOU.

>> Sreenivasan: TAKE A CLOSER LOOK AT LIFE IN SANDTOWN BY THE NUMBERS. VIEW THE INFOGRAPHICS ON OUR WEBSITE AT pbs.org/newshour.

>> THIS IS PBS NEWSHOUR WEEKEND SATURDAY.

>> Sreenivasan: WE RETURN NOW TO NEPAL WHERE AID HAS SLOWLY STARTED TO REACH SOME OF THE MORE REMOTE MOUNTAINOUS AREAS HIT BY LAST WEEKS EARTHQUAKE. ITV'S JONATHAN MILLER REPORTS.

>> WE'RE HEADING FOR THE VILLAGE, ONE OF MANY WE HEARD HAD BEEN DESTROYED. THE TRAIL WAS BLOCKED REPEATEDLY BY LANDSLIDES. HOUSES ALONG THE WAY HAD COLLAPSED, AND THE SCHOOL. "EVERYTHING WAS DESTROYED," THE BOY SAYS. "EVERYTHING WAS DESTROYED," THE BOY SAID. BECAUSE IT HIT ON SATURDAY, THE CHILDREN WEREN'T AT SCHOOL. FOR THE FIRST TIME SINCE THE QUAKE, SOME RELIEF AID WAS DELIVERED YESTERDAY IN THE SMALL TOWN AT THE BOTTOM OF THE MOUNTAIN. VILLAGERS ARE CARRYING HEAVY SACKS OF RICE BACK UP. SUMAN TAMANG, WANTED TO SHOW US HIS HOUSE, TOO. HE'D BEEN A MIGRANT WORKER IN MALAYSIA AND RUSHED BACK HOME ON HEARING NEWS OF WHAT HAD HAPPENED. HIS AUNT, WHO LIVED NEXT DOOR, WAS KILLED. SUMAN HAD SPENT THE PAST THREE DAYS TRYING TO LOCATE HIS FOUR- YEAR-OLD SISTER. HE TOLD ME THAT AT 4:00 YESTERDAY AFTERNOON, HE FINALLY FOUND HER. WORKING WITH ANOTHER NEIGHBOR, SUMAN CAREFULLY DUG OUT HER LITTLE BODY AND THE FAMILY QUICKLY CREMATED HER LAST NIGHT. THEN, SUMAN TOLD ME SOMETHING ABOUT THEIR MOUNTAIN WHICH RENDERS REBUILDING PURANOGAU IMPOSSIBLE: "BIG CRACK, LANDSLIDE." OR EARTHQUAKE, ANY TIME CAN FALL.

>> Reporter: THE DISCOVERY OF THE GAPING FISSURE IS DEALT A PARTICULARLY CRUEL BLOW TO TRANS-PACIFIC THE DISCOVERY OF THE GAPING FISSURE'S DEALT A PARTICULARLY CRUEL BLOW TO PURANOGAU, NOW TOO DANGEROUS TO LIVE IN. SOME MORE NEWS BEFORE WE LEAVE YOU, AN EARTHQUAKE THAT STRUCK TODAY WAS FELT IN PARTS OF INDIANA ILLINOIS, OHIO, AND WISCONSIN. THE 4.2 MAGNITUDE SCAIK WAS THE SECOND STRONGEST IN HISTORY. RUTH RENDELL HAS DIED. SHE WROTE MORE THAN 60 NOVELS SOME TRANSLATED INTO MORE THAN 20 LANGUAGES AND ADAPTED FOR TELEVISION AND MOVIES. SHE WAS 85. JOIN US ON AIR AND ONLINE TOMORROW. WE'LL HAVE A REPORT ON A GROUP OF WOMEN SOLDIERING IN IRAQ. I'M HARI SREENIVASAN, GOOD NIGHT. Captioning sponsored by WNET Captioned by Media Access Group at WGBH access.wgbh.org

>> PBS NEWSHOUR WEEKEND IS MADE POSSIBLE BY: CORPORATE FUNDING IS PROVIDED BY MUTUAL OF AMERICA-- DESIGNING CUSTOMIZED INDIVIDUAL AND GROUP RETIREMENT PRODUCTS. THAT'S WHY WE ARE YOUR RETIREMENT COMPANY. ADDITIONAL SUPPORT IS PROVIDED BY: AND BY THE CORPORATION FOR PUBLIC BROADCASTING AND BY CONTRIBUTIONS TO YOUR PBS STATION FROM VIEWERS LIKE YOU. THANK YOU. EXPLORE NEW WORLDS AND NEW IDEAS THROUGH PROGRAMS LIKE THIS MADE AVAILABLE FOR EVERYONE THROUGH CONTRIBUTIONS TO YOUR PBS STATION FROM VIEWERS LIKE YOU. THANK YOU. ♪ WHAT'S IT ALL ABOUT... ♪ ♪ ALFIE? ♪ FOR OVER HALF A CENTURY BURT BACHARACH HAS ENRICHED THE SOUNDTRACK OF OUR LIVES, CREATING SOME OF THE MOST BEAUTIFUL MUSIC EVER. I'M ROBERT WAGNER, AND I'D LIKE TO INVITE YOU TO ENJOY A WONDERFULLY MELODIC JOURNEY WITH MY MUSIC. IT'S "BURT BACHARACH'S BEST," HERE ON PBS. LADIES AND GENTLEMEN, MR. BURT BACHARACH. ♪ WHAT THE WORLD NEEDS NOW ♪ ♪ IS LOVE SWEET LOVE ♪ Robert Wagner: HIS BIG BREAK WAS ARRANGING AND CONDUCTING FOR THE LEGENDARY MOVIE STAR,