PBS NewsHour; August 15, 2014 3:00pm-4:00pm PDT

Captioning sponsored by MacNEIL/LEHRER PRODUCTIONS

>> Sreenivasan: NEW DETAILS OUT OF FERGUSON, MISSOURI. POLICE NAME THE OFFICER WHO SHOT MICHAEL BROWN, AND RELEASE VIDEO OF BROWN ALLEGEDLY ROBBING A STORE SHORTLY BEFORE BEING KILLED. GOOD EVENING, I'M HARI SREENIVASAN. ALSO AHEAD, DAVID BROOKS AND RUTH MARCUS ARE HERE, TO ANALYZE THE WEEK'S NEWS. PLUS, MONTHS OF ETHNIC FIGHTING HAVE FORCED MILLIONS OF SOUTH SUDANESE FROM THEIR HOMES TO STRUGGLE FOR AN UNCERTAIN SURVIVAL, AS THEY FACE FAMINE, FLOODING, AND DISEASE.

>> WE SPEND A FEW MINUTES TO REALIZE HOW DESPERATE THE SITUATION IS. IT'S AS IF THE PEOPLE LIVING HERE HAVE SWAPPED ONE HELL FOR ANOTHER. YES, THEY HAVE ESCAPED THE FIGHTING, BUT THE CAMP HAS ITS OWN DANGEROUS AND DIFFICULTIES.

>> Sreenivasan: THOSE ARE JUST SOME OF THE STORIES WE'RE COVERING ON TONIGHT'S "PBS NEWSHOUR."

>> MAJOR FUNDING FOR THE PBS NEWSHOUR HAS BEEN PROVIDED BY: ♪ ♪ YEARS. BNSF, THE ENGINE THAT CONNECTS US.

>> I'VE BEEN AROUND LONG ENOUGH TO RECOGNIZE THE PEOPLE WHO ARE OUT THERE OWNING IT. THE ONES GETTING INVOLVED, STAYING ENGAGED. THEY ARE NOT AFRAID TO QUESTION THE PATH THEY'RE ON. BECAUSE THE ONE QUESTION THEY NEVER WANT TO ASK IS, "HOW DID I END UP HERE?" I STARTED SCHWAB WITH THOSE PEOPLE. PEOPLE WHO WANT TO TAKE OWNERSHIP OF THEIR INVESTMENTS, LIKE THEY DO IN EVERY OTHER ASPECT OF THEIR LIVES.

>> AND WITH THE ONGOING SUPPORT OF THESE INSTITUTIONS AND...

>> THIS PROGRAM WAS MADE POSSIBLE BY THE CORPORATION FOR PUBLIC BROADCASTING. AND BY CONTRIBUTIONS TO YOUR PBS STATION FROM VIEWERS LIKE YOU. THANK YOU.

>> Sreenivasan: THE VIOLENCE IN FERGUSON, MISSOURI ABATED OVERNIGHT, AND TODAY, THE FOCUS RETURNED TO MICHAEL BROWN, THE UNARMED BLACK TEENAGER KILLED BY POLICE, SEVEN DAYS AGO.

>> Sreenivasan: THE FERGUSON POLICE CHIEF MADE THE ANNOUNCEMENT THAT MANY IN THE TOWN HAD DEMANDED, AFTER 18- YEAR-OLD MICHAEL BROWN WAS SHOT DEAD LAST SATURDAY.

>> THE OFFICER THAT WAS INVOLVED IN THE SHOOTING OF MICHAEL BROWN WAS DARREN WILSON. HE'S BEEN A POLICE OFFICER FOR SIX YEARS, HAS HAD NO DISCIPLINARY ACTION TAKEN AGAINST HIM. HE WAS TREATED FOR INJURIES WHICH OCCURRED ON SATURDAY.

>> Sreenivasan: WILSON HAS BEEN ON ADMINISTRATIVE LEAVE SINCE THE SHOOTING. POLICE SAID HE INITIALLY CONFRONTED BROWN ABOUT WALKING DOWN THE MIDDLE OF A STREET, BUT DID NOT KNOW HE WAS A SUSPECT IN A ROBBERY. THEY RELEASED THIS SECURITY VIDEO FROM A CONVENIENCE STORE AND SAID IT APPARENTLY SHOWS BROWN, IN THE RED BASEBALL CAP, AND A FRIEND, STEALING A BOX OF CIGARS AND PUSHING AWAY A CLERK. A LAWYER FOR THE FRIEND TOLD MSNBC TODAY THAT HE CONFIRMED THE THEFT TO INVESTIGATORS. BUT BROWN'S FAMILY AND OTHERS IN FERGUSON CHARGED HE'S NOT THE MAN IN THE VIDEO. AND, THEY SAID, POLICE ARE TRYING TO DIVERT ATTENTION FROM AN UNJUSTIFIED SHOOTING. THE PICTURES AND THE VIDEO HAS NOTHING TO DO WITH WHAT HAPPENED AND HOW HE WAS KILLED ON THAT DAY. THAT'S VERY IMPORTANT THAT PEOPLE UNDERSTAND THAT AND SEE IT FOR WHAT IT'S WORTH.

>> NOTHING SHOULD DETER FIGURING OUT HOW AND WHY MICHAEL BROWN WAS KILLED.

>> Sreenivasan: GOVERNOR JAY NIXON WAS IN FERGUSON TODAY AND CAUTIONED AGAINST JUMPING TO CONCLUSIONS.

>> THERE'S A LOT OF STEPS BETWEEN NOW AND WHEN JUSTICE IS SERVED. AND THERE ARE GOING TO BE A LOT OF OTHER BOUNCES ALONG THE WAY AND THERE WILL BE A LOT OF TENSION AT VARIOUS TIMES. NEW FACTS ARE OUT THAT WEREN'T OUT YESTERDAY. BUT THOSE ARE NOT THE FULL PICTURE OF ANYTHING.

>> Sreenivasan: YESTERDAY, THE GOVERNOR PUT THE STATE HIGHWAY PATROL IN CHARGE OF SECURITY IN FERGUSON AFTER SEVERAL NIGHTS OF VIOLENCE. LOCAL POLICE WERE HEAVILY CRITICIZED FOR A HEAVY-HANDED USE OF FORCE WEDNESDAY NIGHT, INCLUDING TEAR GAS, SMOKE GRENADES, HEAVY WEAPONS AND MILITARY-STYLE VEHICLES. THE CHANGE LAST NIGHT WAS DRAMATIC. THE ATMOSPHERE WAS EVEN FESTIVE AT TIMES, WITH A GREATLY REDUCED POLICE PRESENCE, AND NO ARRESTS. CROWDS WELCOMED HIGHWAY PATROL CAPTAIN RON JOHNSON, WHO GREW UP IN THE COMMUNITY. HE MARCHED WITH DEMONSTRATORS, AS A SMALL NUMBER OF STATE TROOPERS PATROLLED. TODAY, HE APPEALED FOR CONTINUED CALM.

>> OWN HOUSE. WE DON'T GO DOWN THERE AND VANDALIZE OUR OWN BUILDINGS. WHAT I DON'T WANT IS US TO GO DOWN AND BURN OUR OWN NEIGHBORHOOD. WHAT POINT, THAT DOES NOT PROVE A POINT. THAT DOES NOT SOLVE ISSUES. THAT HURTS THIS COMMUNITY AND THAT'S WHAT I DON'T WANT.

>> Sreenivasan: THE VIOLENCE OF THE PREVIOUS NIGHT PROMPTED VIGILS AROUND THE COUNTRY LAST EVENING, AND DEMANDS FOR JUSTICE.

>> I DON'T CARE IF YOU HAVE A BADGE OR NOT, EVERYONE NEEDS TO BE TREATING EVERYONE ELSE EQUALLY AND TO BE TRIED EQUALLY FOR MURDER.

>> WE CALL FOR CALM. BUT WE WANT A FULL AND IMPARTIAL INVESTIGATION, AND WE WANT THE FACTS TO BE KNOWN. AND WE WANT TO LEARN FROM THIS SO THAT WE CAN STOP THE VIOLENCE.

>> HANDS UP. DON'T SHOOT.

>> Sreenivasan: FROM NEW YORK CITY TO LOS ANGELES, THOUSANDS OF PEOPLE ALSO STAGED MARCHES IN SOLIDARITY WITH THE PEOPLE OF FERGUSON.

>> Sreenivasan: WE'LL RETURN TO THE FERGUSON STORY AND THE ISSUE OF POLICING IN MINORITY COMMUNITIES, AFTER THE NEWS SUMMARY.

>> Sreenivasan: THE MAN CHOSEN TO BE IRAQ'S NEW PRIME MINISTER APPEALED FOR UNITY TODAY. HAIDER AL-ABADI URGED HIS FELLOW SHIITES AS WELL AS SUNNIS AND KURDS TO JOIN AGAINST THE THREAT POSED BY "ISLAMIC STATE" MILITANTS. THE POLITICAL STALEMATE WAS BROKEN YESTERDAY WHEN NOURI AL-MALIKI STEPPED DOWN AS PRIME MINISTER AND ENDORSED ABADI.

>> Sreenivasan: IN UKRAINE, REPORTS OF A MILITARY CLASH WITH RUSSIA FUELED NEW TENSIONS TODAY. LINDSEY HILSUM OF INDEPENDENT TELEVISION NEWS FILED THIS REPORT.

>> Reporter: RUSSIAN ARMORED VEHICLES AT THE BORDER INTO UKRAINE. THEY SEEM TO HAVE STOPPED AT THE CUSTOMS POINT. ONE CONVOY REPORTEDLY CROSSED OVERNIGHT AND A MUCH LARGER ONE TODAY. IT'S THE FIRST OVERT RUSSIAN INCURSION AFTER MONTHS OF ARMING PRO-RUSSIAN SEPARATISTS. BUT THE KREMLIN IS STILL DENYING THAT IT'S FORCES HAVE GONE OVER THE BORDER. IN KIEV, THE UKRANIAN PRESIDENT WAS VISITING SOLDIERS WHO'D BEEN CAPTURED AND THEN RELEASED BY THE SEPARATISTS. IN A PHONE CALL WITH THE BRITISH PRIME MINISTER, HE CLAIMED THAT UKRAINIAN ARTILLERY HAD DESTROYED MUCH OF THE RUSSIAN ARMOR. HIS DEFENSE SPOKESMAN SAID THEY'D ALLOWED THE COLUMN IN BEFORE ATTACKING. BUT THERE'S NO INDEPENDENT CONFIRMATION.

>> ( translated ): I HAVE TO REASSURE YOU THIS COLUMN WAS FOLLOWED IT WAS ALWAYS UNDER THE SURVEILLANCE OF OUR RECONNAISSANCE FORCES. APPROPRIATE ACTIONS WERE UNDERTAKEN AND A PART OF IT NO LONGER EXISTS.

>> Reporter: JOURNALISTS SAW THE

>> Reporter: FOR SEVERAL DAYS NOW RUSSIA HAS BEEN TRUMPETING THE PROGRESS OF A 280 VEHICLE CONVOY CARRYING AID FROM MOSCOW SUPPOSEDLY FOR CIVILIANS IN EASTERN UKRAINE. IT'S BRINGING MUCH NEEDED FOOD AND OTHER SUPPLIES. BUT THE TRUCKS ARE MILITARY GREEN COVERED IN WHITE TARP. SOME ARE ALMOST EMPTY AND THE SELF-PROCLAIMED VOLUNTEERS ARE ALL YOUNG MEN OF MILITARY AGE IN IDENTICAL KHAKI SHORTS. AT LEAST ONE WAS SPORTING A MILITARY TATTOO. AND THEY APPEAR TO HAVE TOP COVER.

>> Reporter: THE UKRANIAN GOVERNMENT SAYS RUSSIA AID WON'T BE ALLOWED TO CROSS THE BORDER UNLESS IT'S INSPECTED AND DISTRIBUTED BY THE RED CROSS. PRESIDENT PUTIN WAS MEETING HIS FINNISH COUNTERPART TODAY TALKING ABOUT TRADE AND SANCTIONS. RUSSIAN AND UKRAINIAN OFFICIALS ALSO MET TODAY AND FURTHER TALKS ARE SCHEDULED FOR SUNDAY A CHANCE TO PULL BACK FROM THE BRINK.

>> Sreenivasan: RUSSIA'S DEFENSE MINISTRY LATER DENIED THERE'D BEEN ANY MILITARY CLASH WITH UKRAINIAN FORCES.

>> Sreenivasan: SUPPORTERS AND OPPONENTS OF PAKISTAN'S GOVERNMENT CLASHED TODAY AS THOUSANDS OF PROTESTERS CONVERGED ON THE CAPITAL. A MOB ATTACKED THE CONVOY OF IMRAN KHAN IN GUJRANWALA. THE OPPOSITION FIGURE IS LEADING SUPPORTERS FROM LAHORE TO ISLAMABAD. KHAN SAID PEOPLE THREW STONES AT THE CONVOY AS IT DROVE PAST, AND A SPOKESWOMAN SAID HIS VEHICLE WAS SHOT AT. POLICE DISPUTED THAT ACCOUNT.

>> Sreenivasan: THE DEATH TOLL FROM THE EBOLA OUTBREAK IN WEST AFRICA HAS RISEN AGAIN, TO 1,145. U.N. HEALTH OFFICIALS REPORT 76 NEW DEATHS IN THE TWO DAYS BETWEEN MONDAY AND WEDNESDAY. IN ALL, THERE HAVE BEEN MORE THAN 2,100 CASES IN FOUR COUNTRIES, GUINEA, LIBERIA, NIGERIA AND SIERRA LEONE.

>> Sreenivasan: THE GOVERNING BODY OF STOCK CAR RACING WILL BAR DRIVERS FROM GETTING OUT OF THEIR CARS AFTER ACCIDENTS. NASCAR'S DECISION FOLLOWS LAST SATURDAY'S FATALITY DURING A DIRT TRACK RACE IN NEW YORK STATE. DRIVER KEVIN WARD JUMPED FROM HIS CAR AFTER HIS CAR AND TONY STEWART'S COLLIDED, ON THE NEXT LAP, STEWART'S CAR STRUCK AND KILLED HIM. THE INCIDENT REMAINS UNDER INVESTIGATION.

>> Sreenivasan: ON WALL STREET TODAY, THE DOW JONES INDUSTRIAL AVERAGE LOST 50 POINTS TO CLOSE BELOW 16,663. THE NASDAQ ROSE NEARLY 12 POINTS TO CLOSE NEAR 4,465. AND THE S-AND-P 500 WAS DOWN A FRACTION, AT 1,955. FOR THE WEEK, THE DOW GAINED SEVEN-TENTHS OF A PERCENT. THE NASDAQ ROSE MORE THAN 1%. THE S-AND-P WAS UP MORE THAN 2%.

>> Sreenivasan: STILL TO COME ON THE NEWSHOUR: HOW FERGUSON CAN HEAL; DAVID BROOKS AND RUTH MARCUS ON THE WEEKS NEWS; AN ENGINEERING AND ECONOMIC MARVEL TURNS 100; AND, THE STRUGGLE FOR SURVIVAL FOR MILLIONS OF DISPLACED PEOPLE IN SOUTH SUDAN.

>> Sreenivasan: OVER THE PAST WEEK IN FERGUSON, THERE HAVE BEEN VERY DIFFERENT POLICE AND COMMUNITY REACTIONS. ONE ISSUE IT HAS HIGHLIGHTED IS THE PROBLEMS RAISED WHEN POLICE FORCES DON'T REFLECT THE RACIAL MAKEUP OF THEIR COMMUNITIES. JEFFREY BROWN EXAMINES THAT ANGLE FOR US TONIGHT.

>> Brown: THE CITY OF FERGUSON, WITH A POPULATION OF 21,000, IS MORE THAN TWO-THIRDS AFRICAN AMERICAN. BUT JUST THREE OF ITS 53 POLICE OFFICERS ARE BLACK. AND THEY'RE NOT ALONE: MANY WE EXPLORE WHY THAT IS AND WHAT CAN BE DONE ABOUT IT, WITH: DOCTOR TRACIE KEESEE, THE CO- FOUNDER OF THE UCLA CENTER FOR POLICING EQUITY. SHE'S ALSO A 25-YEAR VETERAN OF THE DENVER POLICE DEPARTMENT. AND COMMANDER MALIK AZIZ, CHAIRMAN OF THE NATIONAL BLACK POLICE ASSOCIATION. HE IS DEPUTY CHIEF OF THE DALLAS POLICE DEPARTMENT AND HAS 23 YEARS EXPERIENCE IN LAW ENFORCEMENT. LET ME START WITH YOU. I DO WANT TO START WITH A QUESTION ABOUT TODAY'S NEWS. THERE'S STILL A LOT OF CONFUSION AND ANGER OVER THE ISSUE OF WHEN THE OFFICER INVOLVED IN THE SHOOTING WAS NAMED AND THE RELEASE OF THE VIDEO OF MICHAEL BROWN. WHAT'S YOUR REACTION TO THAT TODAY?

>> WELL, I THINK THERE IS A COUPLE OF THINGS GOING ON HERE. FIRST OF ALL, IF YOU WANT TO HAVE THE TRUST OF THE COMMUNITY, TRANSPARENCY IS ALWAYS GOING TO BE KEY AND THE FASTER YOU CAN GET INFORMATION OUT TO THE COMMUNITY IS GOING TO BE HELPFUL. IN ADDITION TO THAT, THEY HAVE TO BALANCE THE SAFETY OF THE OFFICER AT THE TIME YOUÑi KNEW r NAME TO MAKE SURE HE'S SAFE ANDH SO Y BUT YOU ALSO HAVE TO BE MINDFUL OF THE COMMUNITYçóÑi YOU SERVE ! INVOLVEDmy WITHÑi WHATñr AND WS GOING ON IN THE INVESTIGATION.

>> Brown: THERE ONE PROTOCOL TO FOLLOW IN CASES LIKE THIS? DO YOU THINK THE INFORMATION, BOTH THE NAME AND THE VIDEO, SHOULD HAVE COME OUT SOONER?

>> I DEFINI NAME SHOULD HAVE BEEN RELEASED EARLY ON. THERE ARE CERTAIN THINGS WE HAVE TO KEEP IN MIND. YOU WANT THE OFFICER TO BE SAFE. YOU DON'T WANT ANOTHER TRAGEDY TO FOLLOW OR A SEEMINGLY TRAGEDY HERE THAT WHAT OCCURRED IN FERGUSON. SO THERE ARE NO REAL POLICIES THAT GOVERN POLICE DEPARTMENTS ACROSS THE NATION WHICH PROVES TO BE THE INADEQUACY OF MANY POLICE DEPARTMENTSTO FOR RELEASING NAMES. IN THIS PARTICULAR CASE, I THINK IT WAS COMPARE BAITED BY THE FAILURE TO RELEASE NAMES AND BE TRANSPARENT.

>> Brown: TRACIE KEESEE, THE LARGER ISSUE OF THE POLICE FORCES THAT DON'T REFLECT THE COMMUNITIES, HOW SERIOUS AN ISSUE IS IT AND WHY DO YOU THINK IT OCCURS?

>> WELL, IT'S ALWAYS GOING TO BE A SERIOUS SITUATION AS FAR AS DIVERSIFYING ORGANIZATIONS BECAUSE THE POOL OF FOLKS TO CHOOSE FROM IN COMMUNITIES OF COLOR ARE OFTEN DWINDLED BY WHATEVER HIRING PRACTICES ARE PUT IN PLACE IN OTHER, YOU KNOW, DEPARTMENTS. THAT'S JUST A SMALL PART OF IT, THOUGH. WHEN YOU LOOK AT FERGUSON, AND I CAN ONLY SPEAK TO MYSELF AND MY OWN EXPERIENCE, AND THE CONCERN COMMUNITY MEMBERS HAVE ABOUT HOW THEY'RE GOING TO BE TREATED, THE CONCERNS ABOUT WHAT DOES THAT DO TO A PERSON WHO COMES ON TO A POLICE DEPARTMENT AND THEY DON'T FEEL COMFORTABLE IN A POLICE DEPARTMENT WHO HAS BIASED OR RACIST TENDENCY, IT'S VERY HARD TO RECRUIT IF THAT PERSPECTIVE, AND ALSO TO RETAIN THEM. WHAT WE'RE SEEING IN FERGUSON EARLY ON, YOU SAW POLICY DECISIONS TO BRING OUT HEAVY ARMOR, THE DECISION TO HAVE FOLKS ON THE STREET. THOSE ARE POLICY DECISIONS THAT IF YOU DON'T HAVE DIVERSITY IN THE RANKS OF COMMAND STAFF THAT CAN GIVE INSIGHT TO DECISIONS BEING MADE, OFTENTIMES THIS IS THE RESULT. SO IT'S NOT JUST ABOUT HOW DO YOU RECRUIT. YOU HAVE TO HAVE A BIG POOL TO RECRUIT FROM BUT YOU ALSO HAVE TO BE HONEST WITH THE FOLKS YOU'RE RECRUITING, WHAT THAT ORGANIZATION IS GOING TO BE.

>> Brown: AS WE SAW IN THE EARLIER REPORT, HIGHWAY PATROL CAPTAIN RON JOHNSON WAS BROUGHT IN TO OVERSEE THE SITUATION. HE'S FROM THE AREA, HE'S BLACK. IT SEEMED TO HAVE HELPED AT LEAST IN THE SHORT TERM. IS THAT A KIND OF SOLUTION THAT YOU THINK HAS PROMISE OR WHAT ELSE NEEDS TO BEçó DONE?

>> WELL, I APPLAUD THEM FOR THE DECISION, BUT IT IS JUST A SHORT-TERM SOLUTION. IT'S NOT A LONG-TERM SOLUTION. THE LONG-TERM SOLUTION IS FOR FERGUSON AND PLACES LIKE FERGUSON TO ACTUALLY DIVERSIFY THEIR POLICE DEPARTMENTS, AND THE 53-PERSON POLICE DEPARTMENT IN A CITY THAT'S 65% TO 70% BLACK AND YET THEY FAIL TO MEET THE DEMOGRAPHICS AND REFLECT THE TO MIRROR THE COMMUNITY WHICH THEY SERVE. IT APPEARS TO BE PEOPLE WHO ARE CULTURALLY DISCONNECTED IN THE COMMUNITIES WHICH THEY SERVE SO, THEREFORE, THE RESULT IS THE RESPONSE THAT WAS GIVEN WHEN YOU HAVE A POLICY THAT YOU'RE NOT OPEN OR TRANSPARENT, THEREFORE YOU'RE NOT ACCOUNTABLE. IF FERGUSON, MISSOURI ACTUALLY WANTS TO RESOLVE THE ISSUES AND HAVE A VIABLE SOLUTION, THEY WOULD LOOK AT THE POLICIES THAT GOVERN OR SURROUND THE ADMISSION POLICIES THAT ARE SEEMINGLY SO SUBJECTIVE IN PLACES LIKE FERGUSON THAT THEY WOULD BE ABLE TO PULL FROM TOUGH ENOUGH JOB RECRUITING BUT THEY WOULD BE ABLE TO LOOK IN THE POOL OF CANDIDATES WHO RESIDE IN THE CITY AND FORMULATE A RECRUITMENT PLAN TO GIVE PEOPLE JOBS IN THE NEIGHBORHOODS IN WHICH THEY SERVE AND THEY HAVE FAILED AT THAT AND MANY DEPARTMENTS FAIL AT THAT. DOESN'T TAKE ROCKET SCIENCE TO LOOK AT THE NUMBERS AND DEMOGRAPHICS AND COME TO A CONCLUSION THAT IT IS DOMINATED BY ONE GROUP, AND THE GROUP THAT IS THE MAJORITY ON THE OPPOSITE SIDE OF THE FENCE. THEY HAVE NO VESTED INTEREST OR EQUITY IN THE CITY THAT THEY SERVE.

>> Brown: WELL, TRACIE KEESEE, I KNOW THAT YOU WORK WITH POLICE FORCES AROUND THE COUNTRY. ARE THERE EXAMPLES WHERE THIS IS DONE BETTER EITHER THROUGH RECRUITMENT, REACHING OUT TO THE COMMUNITIES TO AVOID THIS KIND OF TENSION?

>> IT DEPENDS ON THE COMMUNITY. IF YOU HAVE A GOOD POOL TO DRAW FROM, THERE'S ALWAYS GOING TO BE GOOD EXAMPLES OF HOW THEY ENGAGE. AS I STATED BEFORE, THE RELATIONSHIP IS STRONG AND YOU HAVE GOOD TRUST AND TRANCE PARENTSY, RECRUITMENT IS NOT HARD. SO IT REALLY VARIES. IN SOME AREAS YOU DON'T HAVE TO POOL TO CHOOSE FROM, SO YOU END UP BRINGING IN OUTSIDERS WHICH SOMETIMES HELPS AND SOMETIMES MAKES THE SITUATION WORST, ESPECIALLY WHEN YOU'RE NOT VESTED IN THE COMMUNITY LIKE CAPTAIN JOHNSON BECAUSE HE'S FROM THAT COMMUNITY. SO IS THERE ONE GOOD WAY TO DO IT? NO. WHAT IT REQUIRES, THOUGH, ARE COMMAND STAFF AND HIRING CIVIL SERVICE ORGANIZATIONS AND THE COMMUNITY TO SIT DOWN AND DECIDE WHAT, ONE, DOES A GOOD OFFICER LOOK LIKE AND HOW DO THEY SERVE IN AN HONORABLE WAY AND HAVE EMPATHY FOR THE COMMUNITY IN WHICH THEY SERVE. GOING FORWARD, THESE ARE PART OF THE CONVERSATIONS YOU'RE GOING TO START SEEING IS WHAT DOES THIS LOOK LIKE, HOW DO WE NOT JUST RECRUIT, HOW DOÑi WEBT BECAUSEfá IT'S NOT GETTING THEM LOÑiñr THEñrÑi DOOG THEM AND HOPING THEY HAVEokçó A POLICYçó STATEMENT. LESSONS +zñr DRAWN FROM FERGUSON ON THISñr WIDER ISSUE?> I JUST BELIEVExD THAT THEREñ MANY JOHNSONS IN THAT NEIGHBORHOOD WAITING FOR AN OPPORTUNITY TO SERVE THEIR COMMUNITY AND THEY'RE NOT GIVENi CHANCES BASED ON SUBJECTIVE POLICIES. I THINK THE LESSONS TO BE LEARNED IN FERGUSON SHOULD BEÑi USED AS A MICROCOSM AROUND THE NATE AND PLACES JUST LIKE IT THAT THIS IS NOT HOW YOUÑi$!MA=D YOU RESPOND WITH TRANSPARENCY AND OPENNESS AND ACCOUNTABILITY ANDñrÑiñrñr YOU ENABLE POLICIESD BELIEVEÑiñLINçó COMMUNITYçóñro[á THAT WOULD QUELLñr INCIDENTS LIr KEESEE, THANKS YOUÑiçóñlvçóÑiÑ.

>> THANKñrÑci YOU. YOU FOR HAVING US. Ñi

>> Sreenivasan: THIS WEEK SAW DRAMATIC DEVELOPMENTS AT HOME AND ABROAD, WITH TENSIONS RISING IN MISSOURI, IN IRAQ, AND AMONG POLITICIANS. TO WRAP IT ALL UP, THE ANALYSIS OF BROOKS AND MARCUS. THAT'S "NEW YORK TIMES" COLUMNIST DAVID BROOKS AND "WASHINGTON POST" COLUMNIST RUTH MARCUS. MEGAN HAD A PIECE IN BLOOMBERG VIEWPOINTING OUT THE DEEM GRAPHICS OF FERGUSON SHIFTED RADICALLY. IT WAS THREE-QUARTERS WHITE A DECADE AGO, AND NOW IT'S REVERSED. AND THEY DIDN'T KEEP UP WITH THE POPULATION INVERSION. YOU LOOK ACROSS LEFT, RIGHT AND CENTER, PEOPLE THINK IT'S OVERREACTING WHAT HAPPENED IN THE NIGHTS SUBSEQUENTLY AND THAT'S, A, A LIBERTARIAN SUSPICION OF REALLY FORCEFUL AND VIOLENT GOVERNMENT, LIBERALS TEND TO BE SUSPICIOUS OF POLICE POWER ESPECIALLY AGAINST MINORITY COMMUNITIES, BUT FOR CONSERVATIVES AND TRADITIONAL CONSERVATIVES, THERE'S A COMMUNITY THING GOING ON. TRADITIONAL CONSERVATIVES BELIEVE IN COMMUNITY POLICING, GETTING COPS OUT OF THE CARS AND INTERACTING WITH THE LOCALS. SO THAT'S THE TRADITIONAL CONSERVATIVE POSITION THAT YOU DON'T WANT TO MILITARIZE THINGS, YOU WANT TO HAVE AN ORGANIC RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE COMMUNITY AND POLICE FORCE AND THAT CLEARLY WAS RUPTURED HERE.

>> IT'S BEEN FASCINATING AND I THOUGHT ONE OF THE MOST INTERESTING PIECES THIS WEEK WAS RAND PAUL'S PIECE ON TIME.com WHERE IF YOU HAD NOT READ THE BY LINE YOU MIGHT HAVE THOUGHT IT WAS WRITTEN BY AL SHARPTON BECAUSE HE WAS SO ANTI-POLICE. YOU THINK BACK TO RICHARD NIXON AND THE TOUGH ON CRIME STRAIN OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY WHICH STOOD IN SUCH GOOD STEAD FOR SO LONG AND IN FACT COP IDEA BY DEMOCRATS LIKE BILL CLINTON WHO TRIED TO SHOW THEMSELVES TO BE TOUGH ON CRIME. SO I THINK TO THE EXTENT THERE IS THIS BLURRING OF LIBERAL-LIBERTARIAN LINES, IT'S A PIECE OF INTERESTING STRAIN IN THE PARTY AND I THINK YOU WERE A LITTLE BIT UNDERSELLING IT, DAVID, BECAUSE THERE IS THIS TOUGH ON CRIME ASPECT TO AUTHORITY. WHEN WE'RE DONE, WE CAN HUG IT OUT. (LAUGHTER) IN ANY SENSE, RAND PAUL'S VIEWS ON THINGS LIKE MARIJUANA LEGALIZATION, ON SAME-SEX MARRIAGE, ON OTHER ISSUES THAT MIGHT ATTRACT THE -- THE REPUBLICAN TO ATTRACT YOUNGER VOTERS ARE VERY INTERESTING THINGS MY COLLEAGUES WOULD POINT OUT IN "THE WASHINGTON POST."

>> I HAVE MY MACE AND MY SHIELD AND -- (LAUGHTER) YOU LOOK AT RUDY GIULIANI AND PART OF WHAT THEY INITIATED WAS YOU DO THE SMALL STUFF AND YOU PREVENT THE BIG THINGS LATER ON, AND I DO THINK THAT HAS BEEN REPUBLICAN POLICE POLICY.

>> Brown: WAS THAT AN EFFECTIVE POLICY?

>> THEY WERE GETTING RID OF THE SQUEEGEE GUNS AND MONEY. IT WAS TURNSTILE OPERATORS AND TAKING CARE OF THE SMALL STUFF AS A WAY OF PREVENTING BIG CRIMES. THE APPROACH AS WE'VE SEEN IS COMPLETELY CONTRADICTORY TO SORT OF CALM, CIVIL LAW AND ORDER.

>> Sreenivasan: WE KNOW THAT CERTAIN AUTHORITIES MIGHT HAVE OVERSTEPPED THEIR BOUNDS AND BEEN HEAVY-HANDED, BUT WHAT ABOUT THE STATE AND FEDERAL GOVERNMENT? WHAT WAS THEIR ROLE? HOW WOULD YOU GRADE THEM?

>> THE STATE GOVERNMENT IN THE FORM OF GOVERNOR NIXON VERY POORLY. HE HAS BEEN TALKED ABOUT A LITTLE BIT AS A POTENTIAL NATIONAL POLITICAL FIGURE. I THINK NOT. I THINK IF YOU WANT TO NOMINATE A NATIONAL POLITICAL FIGURE AS OF THIS WEEK, IT WOULD BE CAPTAIN JOHNSON FROM THE STATE POLICE WHO REALLY CAME IN AND DID EXACTLY WHAT YOU WANT A POLITICIAN/PUBLIC FIGURE TO DO WHICH IS TO BE A VOICE OF CALM AND REASON. GOVERNOR NIXON WAS JUST LATE TO THE GAME. HIS STATE LOOKED LIKE IT WAS A BATTLEFIELD IN IRAQ OR SOME TERRIBLE WAR ZONE SOMEPLACE. HE SHOULD HAVE BEEN IN THERE GETTING THESE TERRIBLE S.W.A.T. TEAM TYPE FORCES OFF THE STREET. HE SOUNDED WHINEY AT THE PRESS CONFERENCE EARLIER TODAY. I THOUGHT THE PRESIDENT PLAYED A GOOD, POSITIVE ROLE IN TERMS OF NOT ATTACKING THE POLICE BUT EXPRESSING THE HOEEXPRESSING THE FEELS ABOUT AN UNARMED YOUNG MAN BEING SHOT FOR NO APPARENT REASON THAT WE'VE HEARD OF YET, WITHOUT GOING TOO FAR IN PREJUDGING THE THING. I THINK THERE IS ONE INTERESTING THING WRAPPED UP IN SOMETHING DAVID SAID ABOUT THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT ROLE, THERE'S A REALLY IMPORTANT ROLE WE'LL SEE IN TERMS OF GOING FORWARD IN TERMS OF THE JUSTICE DEPARTMENT INVESTIGATING THIS AS A POTENTIAL CIVIL RIGHTS VIOLATION. EVEN THOUGH WE HAVE THE JUSTICE DEPARTMENT INVESTIGATING ON ISSUES OF POLICE BRUTALITY, WE ALSO HAVE THE JUSTICE DEPARTMENT IN THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT SUPPLYING THESE MILITARY WEAPONS AS PARTLY STARTED IN THE WAR ON DRUGS BUT NOW HAS TURNED INTO THE WAR ON TERROR. I WAS READING TODAY ABOUT THE POLICE DEPARTMENT IN KING, NEW HAMPSHIRE, THAT HAD SOME SORT OF ARMORED VEHICLE TO PROTECT AGAINST THE THREAT OF TERRORISM AT THE PUMPKIN FESTIVAL. I HAPPENED TO BE AT THE KING PUMPKIN FESTIVAL THIS YEAR, IT WAS LOVELY, BUT DID NOT FEEL A GREAT THREAT OF TERRORISM. IF ONE THING COMES BACK THIS WEEK, I THINK IT WILL BE TO DIAL BACK THE MILITARIZATION OF POLICE FORCES THAT WOULD DO MUCH BETTER OFF WORRYING ABOUT BROKEN WINDOWS.

>> I THINK THERE IS INVESTIGATION AS TO WHY THE MILITARIZATION IS OCCURRING.

>> BOYS WITH TOYS ARE A DANGEROUS THING, SORRY TO SAY.

>> Sreenivasan: DO YOU THINK PRESIDENT OBAMA IS IN A DIFFICULT POSITION BECAUSE HE CARRIES THE BURDEN OF BEING THE FIRST AFRICAN-AMERICAN PRESIDENT? HE'S CRITICIZED IF HE OVERREACTS AND IF HE DOESN'T REACT ENOUGH.

>> I THINK HE HAS A GOOD RECORD IN GENERAL WITH A COUPLE OF EXCEPTIONS OF NOT GRANDSTANDING, OF SAYING WHAT HE NEEDS TO SAY BUT NOT MAKING IT A THEATER ABOUT HIMSELF. I THINK THERE HAVE BEEN SEVERAL TIMES WHERE HE HAD A LITTLE RESTRAINT ABOUT THAT AND I THINK HE SHOWED THE PROPER RESTRAINT NOW.

>> Sreenivasan: SHIFTING GEARS TO IRAQ. FIRST, THE POLITICAL SITUATION WHERE PRIME MINISTER NOURI AL-MALIKI SEEMED TO BEING DEFUSING THINGS. AND THEN THE YAZIDIS ON THE MOUNTAIN. WAS THE ADMINISTRATION'S POSITION ENOUGH WHEN IT CAME TO THE PATH WE HAVE TAKEN AND PERHAPS WILL TAKE IN THAT MATTER?

>> WELL, IT EXPENDS ON WHAT THE MEANING OF "ENOUGH" IS. THIS IS WHAT PASSED FOR A GOOD WEEK IN IRAQ ESPECIALLY FOR THE ADMINISTRATION, BUT THAT'S NOT SAYING VERY MUCH. SO THE PRESIDENT AND THE MILITARY DID THE RIGHT THING WITH THIS HUMANITARIAN INTERVENTION AND IT SEEMS TO HAVE BEEN A LESS DIRE SITUATION THAN WAS THOUGHT, DIDN'T REQUIRE EVEN MORE INTENSIVE INTERVENTION, AND SO THAT'S A GOOD THING AND THE KIND OF THING THAT THE UNITED STATES SHOULD DO WHEN IT CAN, GETTING RID OF MALIKI, THE ADMINISTRATION SHOULD HAVE NEVER SUPPORTED HIM GOING IN THERE IN THE FIRST PLACE. THE NEXT GUY WE JUST HAVE TO HOPE WILL BE A LITTLE BIT MORE OPEN AND INCLUSIVE BECAUSE, OTHERWISE, THE COUNTRY WILL NOT BE ABLE TO STAY TOGETHER. THAT BEING SAID, SO THIS IS A GOOD WEEK IN IRAQ AND A GOOD WEEK IN IRAQ IS NOT A GOOD WEEK. THERE IS A FUNDAMENTAL PROBLEM AT THE PRESIDENT AND THE COUNTRY FACES WHICH IS THAT WE HAVE SEEN THE SPREAD OF THIS ISLAMIC STATE WITH THREATS AT LEAST TO THE ATTORNEY GENERAL TO SEND DANGEROUS TERRORISTS TO EUROPE AND THE UNITED STATES, EXACTLY THE KIND OF THING WE'RE TRYING TO PREVENT AFTER 9/11, WHAT THE ADMINISTRATION'S PLAN IS FOR THAT. THAT'S A LOT HARDER TO FIGURE OUT THAN SOME PINPOINT AIR STRIKES TO DROP HUMANITARIAN SUPPLIES ON A MOUNTAIN.

>> I THOUGHT THEY WERE GOING TO SEND HILLARY CLINTON AND THE ROUGH RIDERS TO TAKE THE HILL. SHE'S EAGER. I DO THINK WHAT HAPPENED THIS WEEK IS A GREATER U.S. ROLE IN IRAQ BECAME MORE LIKELY. FIRST, WHAT WE DID MILITARILY, THE DROPS AND THE BOMBINGS HAD A POSITIVE EFFECT, THEY WORKED. SECOND, WE HAVE A GOVERNMENT, AND THIS WAS ALWAYS OBAMA'S PRE-CONDITION FOR U.S. SUPPORT AND INVOLVEMENT, WE HAVE A GOVERNMENT THAT AT LEAST IN THEORY HAS THE POTENTIAL TO BE A UNITARIAN GOVERNMENT AND THAT WAS HIS PRE-CONDITION FOR DOING MORE STUFF TO TURN BACK -- I THINK THE PRESIDENT DOESN'T WANT TO BE MORE AND MORE INVOLVED IN IRAQ BECAUSE HAVING A CALIPHATE THERE IS A CANCER AND WILL JUST SPREAD.

>> Sreenivasan: BOTH OF YOU MADE REFERENCE TO HILLARY CLINTON AND THE INTERVIEW LAST WEEK AND YOU SAW A DIVERGE IN IDEAS BETWEEN HER AND THE PRESIDENT WHEN SHE WENT OUT OF HER WAY TO MAKE SURE SHE WASN'T DISRESPECT TO THEFUL BUT THEY HAD TO FIGURE IT OUT.

>> I THINK -- AND HOW SHOCKING IS THIS -- THAT SOME OF THE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN AND THE DEGREE TO WHICH SHE WAS DISSING THE PT HAS BEEN SLIGHTLY EXAGGERATED. HILLARY CLINTON IS A BIG GIRL, AN EXPERIENCED POLITICIAN, SHE SHOULD HAVE KNOWN THAT WAS GOING TO HAPPEN AND BE CAREFUL ACCORDINGLY. TWO THINGS ARE CLEAR -- SHE'S GOT A LOT OF RESPECT FOR THE PRESIDENT'S FOREIGN POLICY. SHE TALKED ABOUT HOW NOT DOING STUPID STUFF IS NOT A FOREIGN POLICY BUT WAS CLEAR TO SAY THAT SHE KNOWS THAT'S NOT ENTIRETY OF HIS FOREIGN POLICY, IT'S ALMOST SIMULTANEOUSLY CLEAR THAT THIS GOES BACK TO THE IRAQ CONVERSATION WE WERE JUST HAVING THAT SHE IS A MORE LEADER AND HAS A MORE MUSCULAR VIEW OF WHAT AMERICA'S ROLE IN THE WORLD NEEDS TO BE, AND I THINK THE QUESTION THAT IS GOING TO NEED TO BE ASKED GOING FORWARD IS JUST WHAT WE SHOULD HAVE DONE WITH THE AGREEMENT IN IRAQ OR ARMING THE SYRIAN REBELS BUT WHAT WE'RE GOING TO DO NOW AND WHAT THE NEXT PRESIDENT IMAGINES WE'LL DO NOW WITH THIS I.S.I.S. STATE.

>> I THOUGHT IT WAS A SUBSTANTIVE DISAGREEMENT. SO I DON'T THINK IT WAS JUST SHE HAS TREMENDOUS RESPECT. I DO THINK THE CLINTON POLICY ISSUES A MORE TRUMAN, JOHN F. KENNEDY STYLE DEMOCRAT, AND THE PEOPLE IN WASHINGTON HAVE BEEN CRITICAL OF THE OBAMA FOREIGN POLICY OVER THE LAST TWO OR THREE YEARS, SO SHE IS NOT ONLY A LEANER IN, SHE HAS A MUCH MORE AGGRESSIVE FAITH IN THE USE OF AMERICAN FORCE. PRESIDENT OBAMA HAS MUCH LESS FAITH, AND HAS TO BE DRAGGED KICKING AND SCREAMING. THE CALIBRATION SEEMS TO BE SUBSTANTIVELY DIFFERENT AND CAME OUT HONESTLY IN THE INTERVIEW. WE SAW NITO EIGHT WHEN THEY WERE IN THE SENATE. THEY THINK DIFFERENTLY ABOUT IT.

>> Sreenivasan: DAVID BROOKS, RUTH MARCUS, THANKS SO MUCH.

>> Sreenivasan: IT WAS A CENTURY AGO TODAY WHEN THE PANAMA CANAL FIRST OPENED, THE COMPLETION OF AN ENORMOUS ENGINEERING FEAT THAT HELPED GROW AMERICAN COMMERCE AND TRANSFORM GLOBAL TRADE. SINCE THEN, SHIPS HAVE TRANSPORTED EIGHT BILLION TONS OF CARGO. BUT THE WATERWAY'S HISTORY IS A COMPLICATED ONE, FILLED WITH IT'S SHARE OF TRAGEDY AND POLITICAL TENSIONS. GWEN IFILL GETS PERSPECTIVE ON ITS IMPACT IN A CONVERSATION RECORDED EARLIER THIS WEEK. BUT FIRST, HER LOOK BACK AT WHAT IT TOOK TO GET IT BUILT.

>> Ifill: FROM SHIPPING VESSELS TO CRUISE LINERS TO LUXURY YACHTS, OVER A MILLION SHIPS HAVE PASSED THROUGH THE ISTHMUS OF PANAMA SINCE IT'S CANAL OPENED ON AUGUST 15TH, 1914. SPANNING A STRIP OF MOUNTAINOUS LAND BETWEEN THE PACIFIC AND ATLANTIC OCEANS, THE CANAL IS A CONDUIT FOR BUSINESS AND SEA POWER, SHORTENING THE TRIP FROM NEW YORK TO SAN FRANCISCO BY NEARLY 8,000 MILES. THE TRIUMPH OF ENGINEERING, MAN'S HARNESSING OF WATER AND MOVING OF MOUNTAINS, TOOK OVER 30 YEARS TO COMPLETE.

>> IT'S QUITE A HUGE ACHIEVEMENT THEY MADE WHEN THEY PRODUCED ONE HUNDRED YEARS BACK IF YOU THINK ABOUT THE LOCKS ARE NEARLY THE SAME TODAY, IT'S WHAT THEY BUILT ONE HUNDRED YEARS BACK. IT'S A HUGE ACHIEVEMENT.

>> Ifill: THE FRENCH BROKE GROUND ON THE PROJECT IN 1881. BUT SOARING COSTS, ENGINEERING PROBLEMS, AND A STEEP DEATH TOLL FROM YELLOW FEVER, ESTIMATED AT 22,000 PEOPLE ENDED FRENCH INVOLVEMENT. BUT WHERE THE FRENCH SAW FAILURE, PRESIDENT THEODORE ROOSEVELT SAW OPPORTUNITY, A CHANCE TO UNLOCK AMERICA'S ECONOMIC POWER. IN 1903, PANAMA GAINED INDEPENDENCE FROM COLUMBIA WITH U.S. SUPPORT. IN RETURN FOR WASHINGTON'S SUPPORT AND RECOGNITION, THE NEW GOVERNMENT SURRENDERED SOVEREIGNTY OVER A PORTION OF THE COUNTRY THAT WOULD BECOME KNOWN AS THE CANAL ZONE. THE U.S. OFFICIALLY TOOK OVER IN 1904, BUT YELLOW FEVER, ONE OF THE MAJOR HURDLES TO THE PROJECT'S SUCCESS, REMAINED. IT WASN'T UNTIL DOCTOR COLONEL WILLIAM GORGAS TARGETED MOSQUITOES THAT HEALTH OFFICIALS GAINED THE UPPER HAND.

>> WITH THE BLESSING AND BACKING

>> Ifill: THE U.S. ALSO CAME UP WITH A NEW ENGINEERING APPROACH, DISCARDING PLANS FOR A SEA LEVEL ROUTE, IN FAVOR OF A SERIES OF LOCKS THAT COULD LIFT SHIPS AS MUCH AS 85 FEET THROUGH THE COMPLEX MOUNTAIN FORMATIONS, BEFORE BEING LOWERED TO SEA LEVEL. THE MASSIVE EXCAVATION AND CONSTRUCTION PROCESS WAS STILL FRAUGHT WITH DANGER. THE PBS PROGRAM "AMERICAN EXPERIENCE" RECOUNTED THE CAMPAIGN:

>> THEY'D HEAR THIS TOOTING OF THE WHISTLE. BLARING OUT, AND THEY'D KNOW THAT SOMETHING WENT WRONG, A SLIDE. SO THEY HAD TO USE PICK AND SHOVELS TO DIG THEM OUT. THEY KNEW THAT A NEXT SLIDE COULD COME DOWN ON THEM TOO AND BURY THEM TOO. THE MOUNTAIN DIDN'T WANT TO BE CRUSHED THE WAY THEY DID IT, AND THE MOUNTAIN FOUGHT BACK.

>> Reporter: TEN MONTHS AFTER PRESIDENT WOODROW WILSON USED A TELEGRAPH TO DETONATE THE FIRST DIKE IN OCTOBER 1913, THE STEAMSHIP S.S. ANCON BECAME THE FIRST VESSEL TO OFFICIALLY TRANSIT THE PANAMA CANAL. THE U.S. THEN CONTROLLED THE CANAL UNTIL 1977, WHEN PRESIDENT JIMMY CARTER AND PANAMANIAN LEADER OMAR TORRIJOS AGREED TO TURN IT OVER TO FULL PANAMANIAN CONTROL BY THE END OF THE CENTURY. SINCE THEN, THE PANAMA CANAL AUTHORITY HAS EXCLUSIVELY MANAGED THE NEARLY 50 MILE LONG TRANSIT ROUTE. 14,000 VESSELS NOW TRAVEL THE CANAL EACH YEAR. NEXT YEAR, IT IS EXPECTED TO DOUBLE IN SIZE WITH AN EXPANSION PROJECT DESIGNED TO NEARLY TRIPLE THE AMOUNT OF SHIPPING CONTAINERS VESSELS CAN CARRY THROUGH THE CANAL. FOR MORE ON THE ENGINEERING AND ECONOMIC MARVEL THAT IS THE PANAMA CANAL, WE TURN TO TWO WHO HAVE WRITTEN EXTENSIVELY ABOUT ITS 100-YEAR HISTORY. NOEL MAURER, AUTHOR OF "THE BIG DITCH: HOW AMERICA TOOK, BUILT, RAN AND ULTIMATELY GAVE AWAY THE PANAMA CANAL." HE'S AN ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION AT HARVARD UNIVERSITY BUT IS JOINING US FROM STANFORD UNIVERSITY. ORLANDO PEREZ IS AUTHOR OF DEMOCRACY AFTER INVASION. YOU SAY AMERICA TOOK, BUILT, RAN AND ULTIMATELY GAVE AWAY THE PANAMA CANAL. THE TOOK PART, WHAT DO YOU MEAN?

>> THE PANAMA CANAL WAS TAKEN IN ACTIVE FORCE. THE UNITED STATES HELPED PANAMANIAN GOVERNMENT HELP DECLARE INDEPENDENCE FROM PANAMA, BUT THE TREATY SETTING UP TERMS FOR THE CANAL WAS WRITTEN FOR THE OLD FRENCH PANAMA CANAL COMPANY AND REPRESENTATIVES OF THE AMERICAN GOVERNMENT. THERE WASN'T EVEN A SPANISH COPY AND IN NO UNCERTAIN TERMS SECRETARY OF STATE HAGUE MADE IT CLEAR THAT THE PAN MAINIANS HAD TO SIGN IT OR GET NOTHING. SO I THINK TAKING IT, WHICH IS WHAT TEDDY ROOSEVELT SAID HE TOOK THE CANAL, NOT MY WORDS, IS AN ACCURATE SUMMATION OF WHAT HAPPENED.

>> Ifill: BUT ORLANDO PEREZ, IT WAS AN AMAZING ENGINEERING MARVEL AT THE TIME AND EVEN NOI- AND EVEN NOW.

>> ABSOLUTELY. IF YOU THINK ABOUT THE FACT THAT THIS WAS BUILT 100 YEARS AGO AND OPERATES IN THE SAME WAY IT DID 100 YEARS AGO WHEN IT OPENED, THERE IS AN EXPANSION PROJECT TO MAKE THE CANAL MORE VIABLE FOR BIGGER SHIPS, BUT THIS IS AN ENGINEERING MAR VILE OF HISTORIC -- MARVEL OF HISTORIC PROPORTION.

>> Ifill: WHAT WAS THE HUMAN TOLL HERE? A LOT OF PEOPLE INCLUDING MY PARENTS' PARENTS WHO CAME FROM THE CARIBBEAN AND WENT TO PANAMA LOST A LOT IN THAT.

>> MOSTLY BECAUSE OF TROPICAL DISEASES. ONE OF THE UNSUNG WONDERS OF THE CANAL WAS THE SANITATION PROGRAM THAT DEDUCED THE DEATH RATES FROM MALARIA AND YELLOW FEVER. THAT SAID, THERE WAS AN AMAZING RATIO DIFFERENTIAL BETWEEN DEATH RATES OF BLACK EMPLOYEES OF THE CANAL MOSTLY FROM BARBADOS, EVENTUALLY, AND THE WHITE AMERICANS WHO CAME TO WORK ON THE CANAL AND THAT DID NOT CLOSE AT ALL OVER THE ENTIRE CONSTRUCTION PERIOD. DEATH RATES WERE ALSO AMAZINGLY HIGH. THERE WERE SOME POSITIVES WHICH WAS A HUGE AMOUNT OF MONEY SENT BACK PARTICULARLY TO BARBADOS WHICH ACTUALLY TRANSFORMED BARBADOS SOCIETY AND ECONOMIC BUT THAT CAME AT A HIGH TOLL AMONG WORKERS THEMSELVES IN THE CANAL ZONE.

>> Ifill: TALK ABOUT THE POLICIES OF THIS, ORLANDO PEREZ, BECAUSE IT SEEMS THAT -- THERE WAS A LOT OF MONEY AND OPPORTUNITY AND SOVEREIGNTY, SOME PAN MAINIANS FELT, BUT ALSO POLITICS INVOLVED.

>> FOR PANAMANIANS, IT WAS A BITTERSWEET EVENT. THEY HAD REACHED THE ZENITH OF WHAT THEY WANTED FOR PANAMA AS A COMMERCIAL MUST B -- A COMMERCIB AND AT THE CENTER OF THE GLOBAL COMMERCIAL SYSTEM BUT DID SO IN CIRCUMSTANCES IN WHICH HAY THAT DID GIVEN UP SOVEREIGNTY OVER LARGE PARTS OF THEIR TERRITORY. AND THAT FACT SHAPED U.S.-PANAMA RELATIONS AND U.S.-LATIN AMERICAN RELATIONS REALLY FOR THE REMAINDER OF THE 20t 20th CENTURY.

>> Ifill: NOEL MAURER, HOW WOULD YOU SAY THE CANAL WORKED AFTER THE HANDOVER TO THE PAN PANAMANIANS AS TO HOW THE U.S. CONTROLLED IT IN THE LAST DECADES.

>> IN THE LAST FEW DECADES, AMERICAN CONTROL OF THE CANAL, IT WOULD NOT BE AN EXAGGERATION TO SAY THE INMATES HAVE TAKEN CONTROL OF THE ASYLUM AND THE ORGANIZATION WAS ALMOST FOR THE ZONIANS AND THEIR FAMILIES THAN AMERICAN-PANAMANIAN NATIONAL INTERESTS. EFFICIENCY DROPPED THROUGH THE FLOOR, PROBLEMS WITH DRUNKENNESS AMONG CANAL PILOTS, JOBS STAYING WITHIN FAMILIES, ALL THE TERRIBLE STEREOTYPES OF A GOVERNMENT-RUN ORGANIZATION WERE MULTIPLIED FIVE-FOLD. WHEN THE PANAMANIANS TOOK IT OVER, AND A SLOW PROCESS, YOU HAD A COUPLE OF REALLY IMPORTANT MANAGEMENT REFORMS. GETTING SERIOUS ABOUT DRUNKENNESS WAS ONE OF THEM. INSTALLING HALOGEN LIGHTS, HAVING CANAL TRAFFIC INSTEAD OF TWO WAYS WHERE COLLISIONS HAPPENED, YOU WENT ONE WAY FOR 12 HOURS AND ANOTHER WAY FOR 12 HOURS. SO PRECISION AND PROFITABILITY HAS RISEN SINCE 1999 AND THE CANAL IS LIKE A WELL-RUN BUSINESS AS POTOADS TO A POORLY-RUN PUBLIC UTILITY.

>> Ifill: ORLANDO PEREZ OF MILLERSVILLE UNIVERSITY AND NOEL MAURER OF HARVARD UNIVERSITY, THANK YOU SO MUCH.

>> THANK YOU.

>> Sreenivasan: ONLINE, YOU CAN SEE A PHOTO GALLERY OF THE CANAL, AND LEARN MUCH MORE ABOUT IT'S HISTORY, WHERE YOU CAN FIND A LINK TO WATCH THE DOCUMENTARY THAT AIRED ON "AMERICAN EXPERIENCE." WE'LL BE BACK WITH A REPORT FROM SOUTH SUDAN AND AN INSIDE LOOK AT CITIZENS FORCED FROM THEIR HOMES, STRUGGLING TO FIND FOOD, WATER AND SAFETY. BUT FIRST, IT'S PLEDGE WEEK ON P.B.S. THIS BREAK ALLOWS YOUR PUBLIC TELEVISION STATION TO ASK FOR YOUR SUPPORT. AND THAT SUPPORT HELPS KEEP PROGRAMS LIKE OURS ON THE AIR.

>> Sreenivasan: FOR THOSE STATIONS NOT TAKING A PLEDGE BREAK, WE TAKE A SECOND LOOK AT A METHOD OF CURBING CONFLICTS IN HIGH SCHOOL. AND ONE SCHOOL'S NEW APPROACH TO DISCIPLINE WHICH REPLACES SUSPENSIONS WITH CONVERSATIONS.

>> HEY, GOOD MORNING.

>> Sreenivasan: IN AURORA, COLORADO, PRINCIPAL MATTHEW WILLIS WELCOMES THE RECENT CHANGES AT HINKLEY HIGH SCHOOL, WHERE 75% OF THE 2,000 PLUS STUDENTS QUALIFY FOR FREE AND REDUCED MEALS. WILLIS SAYS STUDENT FIGHTS ARE DOWN AND RESPECT AMONG CLASSMATES IS UP.

>> LAST YEAR WE HAD 48% REDUCTION IN OUT OF SCHOOL SUSPENSIONS. WHEN IT COMES TO PHYSICAL ALTERCATIONS, BETWEEN 2007- ALTERCATIONS, BETWEEN 2007-2008, WE HAD APPROXIMATELY 263 PHYSICAL ALTERCATIONS, AND SO FAR FOR THIS YEAR WE'VE ONLY HAD 31 PHYSICAL ALTERCATIONS.

>> Sreenivasan: THE TURNAROUND, HE SAYS, BEGAN WHEN HINKLEY HIGH STARTED USING A FORM OF DISCIPLINE CALLED "RESTORATIVE JUSTICE."

>> EVERY SINGLE YEAR OVER THE LAST THREE FULL YEARS THAT WE'VE BEEN DOING RESTORATIVE JUSTICE, YOU SEE SIGNIFICANT DECLINES IN DEFIANCE, DISOBEDIENCE, AND USE OF PROFANITY. THIS IS A TALKING CIRCLE, SO WHEN WE HAVE A PROBLEMS IN THIS SCHOOL WE COME TOGETHER AND TALK ABOUT THEM.

>> Sreenivasan: NOW, WHEN A MINOR ALTERCATION DOES OCCUR, STUDENTS, PARENTS AND THE DEAN FACE EACH OTHER IN A RESTORATIVE CIRCLE.

>> RESTORATIVE IS THAT YOU BRING BACK THE KIDS, IF IT'S STUDENT WITH STUDENT, OR IF ITS STUDENT WITH STAFF, YOU RESTORE THE RELATIONSHIP. SO YOU RESTORE THE HARM THAT TOOK PLACE, AND YOU BRING THEM BACK TO THE CLASSROOM, OR TO ONE ANOTHER, TO BE ABLE TO COMMUNICATE, AND TO BE ABLE TO GO ON WITH THEIR DAILY ACTIVITIES WITHOUT ANY HARD FEELINGS OR ANYTHING THAT WAS CAUSED FROM THE INCIDENT.

>> Sreenivasan: DEAN OF STUDENTS BONNIE MARTINEZ FACILITATES.

>> WE SPEAK OPENLY AND HONESTLY, BUT WITH RESPECT.

>> Sreenivasan: ON THE DAY WE VISITED, TWO SOPHOMORES GIRLS CAUGHT UP IN A PHYSICAL FIGHT WERE BROUGHT TO A CIRCLE WITH THEIR PARENTS, INSTEAD OF BEING SUSPENDED.

>> THIS IS THE TALKING STICK, WHOEVER IS HOLDING THIS IS THE ONE TALKING AND EVERYONE ELSE IS LISTENING YOU SAY WHAT HAPPENED FROM YOUR POINT OF VIEW AND SOMETIMES WE DON'T ALWAYS AGREE

>> SHE CALLED ME THE B-WORD, AND THEN WE JUST STARTED FIGHTING.

>> SHE KIND OF LIED OF YOU, SHE SAID TO BE HONEST AND YOU'RE NOT HONEST.

>> I WAS HERE AND SHE CAME WALKING AND SHE STRUCK ME.

>> Sreenivasan: STUDENTS ARE ASKED TO TALK ABOUT THE HARM THEIR ACTIONS MAY HAVE CAUSED, AND MARTINEZ REQUIRES EVERYONE TO SIGN AN AGREEMENT.

>> TO SOME PEOPLE IT MAY BE VIEWED AS A SOFT DISCIPLINE, ESPECIALLY IF YOU LOOK AT THE WESTERN CULTURE, YOU KNOW, WE'RE ABOUT WAR AND VIOLENCE, WE'RE NOT ABOUT PEACE AND HARMONY, BUT HOWEVER, FOR THOSE GIRLS TO COME TOGETHER, AND FOR THEIR FAMILIES TO COME TOGETHER, AND TALK ABOUT IT, AND TO REALLY, YOU KNOW, TO EXPRESS TRULY WHAT HAPPENED, HOW DID IT AFFECT ME AND OTHERS, WHAT AM I RESPONSIBLE FOR, AND HOW DO I SOLVE IT? THAT'S DEEPER THAN JUST WRITING UP PAPERWORK.

>> WHAT DO WE KNOW ABOUT ANGER? IT IS A SECONDARY EMOTION, WHAT IS UNDERNEATH ANGER? A LOT OF DEEPER EMOTIONS.

>> Sreenivasan: AT HINKLEY, THE RESTORATIVE JUSTICE CIRCLES GO BEYOND THE DEANS OFFICE. PEER MENTORING CLASSES USE ROLE PLAYING TO TEACH STUDENTS HOW TO CONDUCT CIRCLES ON THEIR OWN.

>> HOW DID THAT MAKE YOU FEEL?

>> IT PISSES ME OFF BECAUSE I DIDN'T SPREAD RUMORS ABOUT HIM. I DIDN'T DO NOTHIN

>> Sreenivasan: SOPHOMORE NYECE SMITH THINKS THE CIRCLES BRING BETTER RESULTS THAN SUSPENSION.

>> IT USED TO BE LIKE YOU GET SENT HOME AND SIT THERE FOR FIVE DAYS, BUT THAT DOESN'T SOLVE NOTHING, YOU JUST SIT THERE AND YOU COME BACK WITH THE SAME ANGER. DISRUPT, DISRUPT, DISRUPT.

>> I'M DEEPLY SORRY ABOUT WHAT'S GOING ON.

>> MODELS LIKE HINCKLEY HAVE GAINED NATIONAL ATTENTION AFTER THE OBAMA ADMINISTRATION IN JANUARY DIRECTED SCHOOL DISTRICTS TO SCRAP OVERLY ZEALOUS ZERO TOLERANCE POLICIES THAT LED TO AUTOMATIC SUSPENSIONS AND CRIMINAL RECORDS. SUCH POLICIES THE OFFICIALS SAID IMPACTED MINORITIES AT HIGHER RATES. COLORADO'S LEGISLATURE ELIMINATED ZERO TOLERANCE IN SCHOOLS IN 2012.

>> THE IDEAS OF TRADITIONAL DISCIPLINE DON'T EXIST ANYMORE, WHEN IN THE OLD DAYS, WHEN A STUDENT OR KID GOT INTO TROUBLE, WE WOULD SPANK THEM, AND WE MOVED AWAY FROM SPANKING BECAUSE IT NO LONGER MET THE VALUES OF OUR SOCIETY. THE SAME IS TRUE WITH THE TRADITIONAL DISCIPLINE WHERE ITS ALL ABOUT PUNISHMENT, PUNISHMENT, PUNISHMENT, IT'S NOT ABOUT RESTORING RELATIONSHIPS, ITS NOT ABOUT TAKING RESPONSIBILITY FOR YOUR ACTIONS, ITS ABOUT PUNISHMENT, AND SO THAT NO LONGER FITS THE SOCIETY OF OUR FUTURE. WHAT FITS THE SOCIETY OF OUR FUTURE IS PEOPLE COMING TOGETHER, AND WORKING ON SOLVING PROBLEMS TOGETHER.

>> Sreenivasan: AND WHILE COLORADO IS AHEAD OF THE NATIONAL MOVEMENT, THE STATE ACTUALLY PLAYED A ROLE IN THE MAKING OF ZERO TOLERANCE POLICIES, AFTER THE 1999 SHOOTINGS AT COLUMBINE HIGH SCHOOL. SARAH PARK IS THE DIRECTOR OF EDUCATION FOR THE DENVER FOUNDATION, ONE OF THE SPONSORS OF HINKLEY RESTORATIVE JUSTICE PROGRAM.

>> IN COLORADO, OUR ZERO TOLERANCE LAW WAS REALLY IN RESPONSE TO COLUMBINE, AND WE WERE SCARED, WE WERE ALL HEARTBROKEN, WE WERE TERRIFIED, AND WE WANTED TO MAKE SURE KIDS WERE SAFE. AND SO WE THOUGHT, WELL, LET'S DO THIS, LETS MAKE SURE, LETS MAKE CLEAR THAT THIS IS NON- NEGOTIABLE, AND THAT'S REALLY WHERE THE INTENTION AROUND ZERO TOLERANCE CAME FROM. UNFORTUNATELY, THE WAY IT PLAYED OUT WAS, WAS IN MORE NEGATIVE EDUCATIONAL OUTCOMES, THERE'S STUDIES LINKING SUSPENSION TO INCARCERATIONS, AND IT'S MUCH MORE LIKELY THAT IF A KID IS SUSPENDED, OR REPEATEDLY SUSPENDED, THAT THEY'LL END UP IN JAIL, AND ITS MUCH MORE LIKELY THAT IF THEY'RE SUSPENDED EVEN ONCE IN NINTH GRADE, THEY'RE MORE LIKELY TO DROP OUT.

>> Sreenivasan: NOT ALL CONFLICTS CAN BE RESOLVED THROUGH RESTORATIVE CIRCLES, EVEN SUPPORTERS SEE THE PROCESS AS ONE OF MANY APPROACHES. FOR HIS PART, PRINCIPAL WILLIS REMAINS A STRONG BELIEVER IN THE APPROACH AND IS SHARING THE SCHOOL'S METHOD WITH DISTRICTS ACROSS THE STATE. WE WANT TO HEAR FROM VIEWERS LIKE YOU. LEAVE A COMMENT ON OUR WEB SITE OR OUR Facebook PAGE.

>> Sreenivasan: AFTER A LULL OF SEVERAL WEEKS, FIGHTING BROKE OUT AGAIN IN THE WORLD'S NEWEST NATION TODAY. SOUTH SUDAN DECLARED INDEPENDENCE FROM SUDAN JUST THREE YEARS AGO, BUT HAS BEEN GRIPPED IN A CIVIL WAR AMONG RIVAL ETHNIC GROUPS SINCE LAST DECEMBER. THE CONFLICT HAS SENT MORE THAN A MILLION AND A HALF PEOPLE FLEEING FROM THEIR HOMES AND EVEN THOSE WHO ARE LIVING IN UNITED NATIONS SHELTERS ENDURE DESPERATE LIVING CONDITIONS. THIS WEEK, MEMBERS OF THE U.N. SECURITY COUNCIL VISITED THE NATION TO GET A FIRST HAND LOOK AT THE SITUATION. JOURNALIST NICK HARPER, ON ASSIGNMENT FOR THE NEWSHOUR, HAS AN ON THE GROUND REPORT FROM THE TOWN OF MALAKAL.

>> Reporter: INCREDIBLY, DESPITE APPEARANCES, THIS IS A PLACE OF HOPE. A NEW START FOR 17,000 PEOPLE WHO FLED HERE FROM THE FIGHTING WHEN IT STARTED IN DECEMBER. EVERYTHING THEY HAVE HAS BEEN GIVEN TO THEM BY AID AGENCIES BUT IT DOESN'T AMOUNT TO VERY MUCH. NOW THE RAINY SEASON HAS RUIN MUCH OF MALAKAL'S COMPOUND ALREADY MAKING CHAOTIC CONDITIONS ALMOST UNLIVABLE.

>> I DIDN'T COME HERE WITH MY PACKAGES, ONLY THE CLOTHES H THAT I WORE. IT WAS TOO DIFFICULT, EVENTUALLY.

>> Reporter: EVERYWHERE YOU LOOK, THERE ARE SIMILAR STORIES OF LIVES TURNED UPSIDE DOWN. LIKE ANGELINA WHOSE HUSBAND AND TEENAGE SON WERE KILLED. SHE WALKED FOR SEVERAL DAYS TO GET HERE AND ONLY HAD THE CLOTHES THEY WERE WEARING. VERONICA IS LEAVING FOR HIGHER GROUNDS AS THE WATERS FLOODED THEIR SHELTER.

>> AS YOU CAN SEE, LIFE HERE IS NOT GOOD. WE ARE MOVING TO ANOTHER PLACE BECAUSE IT'S FLOODED HERE.

>> Reporter: FOR NOW THE RAIN IS HOLDING OFF AND THE BRIEF DRY SPOUT HAS HELPED THE WATERS TO RELEASE. IT'S AS IF THE PEOPLE LIVING HERE HAVE SWAPPED ONE HELL FOR ANOTHER. YES, THEY HAVE ESCAPED THE FIGHTING BUT THE CAMP HAS ITS OWN DANGEROUS AND DIFFICULTIES TO DEAL WITH. THE OVERCROWDING HAS LED TO FIGHTING, THE FLOODING TO WATER BORNE DISEASE ES. THE U.N. IS HOSTING CIVILIANS IN COMPOUNDS LIKE THIS AROUND THE COUNTRY. EVEN IN THE CAPITAL, TEN THOUSANDS HAVE SOUGHT SHELTER IN THE COMPOUNDS CROWDED WITH FAMILIES. OFFICIALS ADMIT THEY CAN BARELY COPE. WITH VIOLENCE CONTINUING, PEOPLE WOULD RATHER STAY HERE THAN RISK RETURNING HOME. IN THE ABSENCE OF PEACE, PEOPLE ARE UNLIKELY TO CHOOSE TO GO HOME. SHOULD THEY WISH TO GO HOME, WE'RE THERE TO HELP THEM TO DO SO, BUT AS LONG AS THE FIGHTING RAGES, AS LONG AS THERE IS AN ABSENCE OF TANGIBLE PEACE PROTEST, I FARE THAT -- PEACE PROCESS, I FEAR PEOPLE WILL WANT TO STAY IN THESE SITES FOR SOME TIME TO COME. IN DECEMBER, FIGHTING BROKE OUT AND CREATED AN ETHNIC DIVIDE. SINCE THEN THEY'VE SIGNED TWO PEACE AGREEMENTS BUT BOTH HAVE BEEN BROKEN AND NEITHER SEEMS WILLING TO GIVE UP THEIR POSITION. A MEETING WITH COMMUNITY LEADERS REVEALED THE ANGER AND FRUSTRATION OF PEOPLE HERE FEEL WITH THEIR LEADERS-PROCRASTINATION. U.S. AMBASSADOR SAMANTHA POWER SAYS THE LEADERS NEED TO BREAK THE DEADLOCK.

>> THE WHOLE REGION IS FOCUSED ON THE CRISIS WITH A SHORTAGEO POLITICAL WILL TO BRING PEACE.

>> Reporter: THE SUNDAY WARNING THE FIGHTING IS TIPPING THE COUNTRY TOWARDS FIGHTING. SUDAN IS ON THE BRINK OF BEING UNABLE TO FEED ITS POPULATION. THE PROBLEM IS MUCH OF THE COUNTRY RELIES ON HOMEGROWN FOOD. THE VIOLENCE MEANS CROPS HAVE NOT BEEN PLANTED.

>> IN SOME AREAS, THE U.N. CAN ONLY AIR DROP SUPPLIES. IN ANOTHER TOWN THE U.N. WORLD PROGRAM DELIVERED HUNDREDS OF TONS OF EMERGENCY AID, REALLY JUST MOST BASIC OF HUMAN NEEDS. THE ODDS ARE NOT IN THEIR FAVOR. 4 MILLION PEOPLE WHO ARE ALREADY STARVING AND THE CHILDREN ARE THE HARDEST HIT. (CRYING) 1 MILLION UNDER AGE 5 NEED TREATMENT FOR ACUTE MALL NUTRITION AND UNICEF ESTIMATES THIS YEAR 50,000 WILL DIE FOR IT. BUT STILL, U.N.'S APPEAL TO SOUTH SUDAN REMAINS CHRONICALLY UNDERFUNDED, THE 1. # BILLION NEEDED, ONLY HALF OF THE TOTAL HAS BEEN MET. MANY LIKE THIS PARENT SIMPLY CAN'T WAIT.

>> WE HAVE NO FOOD AND WE SURVIVE ON WILD BERRIES AND ROOTS. THAT IS WHY MY CHILD IS VERY SICK.

>> Reporter: UNTIL SOUTH SUDAN'S LEADERS COMPROMISE ALL OF THIS WILL CONTINUE. NOW THE DISPLACED AND DISPOSSESSED CAN ONLY WAIT FOR THE FIGHTING AND THE RAINY SEASON TO END.

>> Sreenivasan: AGAIN, THE MAJOR DEVELOPMENTS OF THE DAY. POLICE IDENTIFIED THE OFFICER WHO SHOT AN UNARMED BLACK TEENAGER LAST SATURDAY. THEY ALSO SAID THE OFFICER DID NOT KNOW THE VICTIM WAS A SUSPECT IN A CONVENIENCE STORE ROBBERY. LATER TODAY, TEXAS GOVERNOR RICK PERRY WAS INDICTED BY AN AUSTIN GRAND JURY FOR ABUSE OF POWER. THE REPUBLICAN HAS BEEN UNDER AN ETHICS INVESTIGATION FOR VETOING FUNDING FOR STATE PUBLIC CORRUPTION PROSECUTORS. THE FIRST TEXAS GOVERNOR INDICTED IN NEARLY A CENTURY. AND TENSIONS BETWEEN RUSSIA AND UKRAINE ESCALATED AGAIN WITH REPORTS OF A MILITARY CLASH JUST INSIDE THE UKRAINIAN BORDER. ON THE NEWSHOUR ONLINE RIGHT NOW, ART IS EVERYWHERE IN AMERICA. A NEW INITIATIVE BRINGS CLASSIC WORKS OF AMERICAN ART INTO PUBLIC SPACES LIKE BUS SHELTERS AND ONTO BILLBOARDS ACROSS ALL 50 STATES. SEE WHERE EDWARD HOPPER AND MARY CASSATT ARE POPPING UP, ON "ART BEAT." ALL THAT AND MORE IS ON OUR WEB SITE, newshour.pbs.org. AND A REMINDER ABOUT SOME UPCOMING PROGRAMS FROM OUR PBS COLLEAGUES. GWEN IFILL IS PREPARING FOR "WASHINGTON WEEK," WHICH AIRS LATER THIS EVENING. HERE'S A PREVIEW:

>> Ifill: FROM FERGUSON, MISSOURI TO MT. SINJAR, IRAQ, TONIGHT WE'LL EXAMINE THE CHALLENGES WASHINGTON FACES IN A TENSE WORLD AT HOME AND ABROAD. AND WE MIGHT ALSO SQUEEZE IN A LITTLE POLITICS AS WELL. THAT'S TONIGHT ON "WASHINGTON WEEK." HARI?

>> Sreenivasan: ON TOMORROW'S EDITION OF "PBS NEWSHOUR WEEKEND," AS MUSEUM ATTENDANCE IN THE U.S. CONTINUES TO FALL, SOME ENTREPRENEURS ARE DEVISING NEW WAYS TO MAKE VISITS MORE ENTERTAINING FOR YOUNG PEOPLE. BUT IS IT DUMBING DOWN THE EXPERIENCE? HANNAH YI REPORTS. WE'LL BE BACK, RIGHT HERE, ON MONDAY, MARGARET WARNER REPORTS FROM IRAQ, AS THE COUNTRY STRUGGLES TO REGAIN STABILITY. THAT'S THE NEWSHOUR FOR TONIGHT. I'M HARI SREENIVASAN, HAVE A NICE WEEKEND. THANK YOU AND GOOD NIGHT.

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>> THIS IS BBC WORLD NEWS AMERICA.

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>> FOR 150 YEARS WE BELIEVE THAT COMMERCIAL BANK OWES ITS CLIENTS STRENGTH, STABILITY, SECURITY. SO WE BELIEVE IN KEEPING LENDING STANDARDS HIGH, CAPITAL RATIOS HIGH, CREDIT RATINGS HIGH. COMPANIES EXPECTED IT THEN. COMPANIES EXPECT IT NOW. DOING RIGHT. IT'S JUST GOOD BUSINESS. UNION