Crusade: The Life of Billy Graham

<v Speaker>Track two is the right channel. <v Narrator>Billy Graham has preached to more people than anyone else in history. <v Narrator>Born on a dairy farm in North Carolina, he became the friend and confidant of popes <v Narrator>and presidents, kings and dictators. <v Narrator>Year after year, decade after decade, he is ranked high on the list of most <v Narrator>admired Americans. <v Narrator>He even has his own security detail. <v Narrator>What lies behind the phenomenon that is Billy Graham? <v Host>Major funding for this program was provided by the Pew Charitable Trusts.

<v Host>Additional funding was provided by the MJ Murdoch charitable trust. <v Narrator>Three o'clock on a Wednesday afternoon in Portland, Oregon. <v Narrator>It's been raining off and on for most of the day. <v Narrator>The event due to take place here later this evening will be the culmination of two years <v Narrator>of careful planning. <v Narrator>The date was chosen because statistics say this is one of the driest weeks of the year in <v Narrator>Portland. It hasn't rained on this day for five years. <v Narrator>So much for statistics. <v Narrator>Yet by six o'clock, an hour and a half before the start, the stadium is already beginning <v Narrator>to fill up. <v Narrator>The crowds have come to hear William Franklin Graham, better known as Billy Graham, the <v Narrator>most famous and influential preacher of the 20th century. <v Narrator>Billy Graham has been drawing massive crowds throughout his career. <v Narrator>But even his highly experienced advance men are surprised by what's happening tonight in

<v Narrator>the rain. <v Preacher>At this time, welcome that special guests, <v Preacher>which we believe is a guess that God has brought to us. <v Preacher>Dr. Billy Graham, would you just give him a wonderful northwest welcome? <v Narrator>According to polling data, the Pacific Northwest is the most godless region in America. <v Narrator>And yet on this opening night, 42000 people have packed Civic Stadium <v Narrator>to capacity. <v Billy Graham>When we first came in 1950, there wasn't quite this many <v Billy Graham>people. <v Billy Graham>And it's a tremendous sight to stand here and see this stadium <v Billy Graham>filled and we have alternate seating in another place somewhere and they

<v Billy Graham>tell me it's filling up. So this is going to be a tremendous <v Billy Graham>opening evening. When I saw that rain coming down the day, <v Billy Graham>it reminded me of a story that I heard years ago and I was going to tell it <v Billy Graham>tonight if it was raining. So I'm going to tell it anyway. <v Billy Graham>About these three men that met and one was from Texas <v Billy Graham>and they said, doesn't it get hot down there and said, yes, it gets 110 in the shade <v Billy Graham>in the summer. And he said, it's a dry heat. <v Billy Graham>You don't feel it. And then they said to the fella from <v Billy Graham>Alaska. Then it got cold up there. <v Billy Graham>Yes. But he said it's a dry cold, you don't feel it. <v Billy Graham>And they said to the man from Portland, Oregon, in Seattle. <v Billy Graham>Does it rain a lot? He said, yes, it rains, but it's a dry rain. <v Billy Graham>You don't feel it. <v Narrator>William Franklin Graham was born in 1918 into a devout evangelical family,

<v Narrator>but he says that as a child, he was not especially religious. <v Billy Graham>I went to church only because my parents insisted that <v Billy Graham>I go to church and my dad had a way of making his insistences come true. <v Billy Graham>And I went to church faithfully and regularly. <v Billy Graham>I memorized the shorter catechism. <v Billy Graham>I did all the things I was supposed to do. <v Billy Graham>But deep inside, I knew something was missing. <v Billy Graham>I didn't know what it was. I had no idea. <v Billy Graham>But I knew I hadn't found that certain something I was looking for. <v Narrator>When the young man known to his friends as Billy Frank was just 17, a revival meeting <v Narrator>came to his hometown of Charlotte. <v Narrator>He was led by a fire and brimstone preacher, one of a long line in American history named <v Narrator>Mordecai Ham. At first, Billy Frank was skeptical. <v Billy Graham>I was a gainsaying clergy was about the clergy and our city were <v Billy Graham>divided and it was in the newspapers constantly and so forth. <v Billy Graham>And I just had no useful evangelist stop.

<v Billy Graham>They were emotional. I thought they were after money and I thought some of <v Billy Graham>them were crooked. I didn't. <v Billy Graham>I'd heard that and had read that. <v Billy Graham>But one night I was asked to go by a man that worked for <v Billy Graham>my father in the dairy farm. <v Billy Graham>He had been going. And so I went and I was fascinated. <v Billy Graham>Here was a man that stood up with an open Bible and began to explain at scripture by <v Billy Graham>scripture. I'd never heard such preaching. <v Billy Graham>And I went back night after night. <v Billy Graham>And for the first week, I felt that something was stirring in my heart <v Billy Graham>and I begin to say to myself, I need to make a commitment to Christ. <v Billy Graham>And one night I went forward. <v Billy Graham>And there were about two or three hundred people that went there, too. <v Billy Graham>And I had no emotion. I saw a lady next to me weeping <v Billy Graham>and I thought to myself, well, it's not real with me because I have no tears over it. <v Billy Graham>And it was just a simple declaration <v Billy Graham>that I wanted Christ in my heart.

<v Narrator>After graduating from high school, Billy Frank took a summer job selling fuller brushes <v Narrator>throughout the Carolinas. His longtime friends and associates, brothers, Grady <v Narrator>and T.W. Wilson, went with him. <v T.W. Wilson>Billy was the salesman. <v T.W. Wilson>He always put it on gravy and me. <v T.W. Wilson>And we tried hard to compete with him and sometimes we'd get kind <v T.W. Wilson>of close. But he was always ahead. <v T.W. Wilson>He had he had a real. <v T.W. Wilson>He was a super salesman. And when you think of a salesman, you know, <v T.W. Wilson>to present your product. <v T.W. Wilson>And of course, now he has the best product in all the world, we think. <v T.W. Wilson>And he's still a salesman. <v T.W. Wilson>Not that he is putting on a show because he's sincere about it. <v T.W. Wilson>And he was sincere when he was selling fuller brushes. <v Narrator>You seem to believe in your product. <v Billy Graham>Yes, I believed in the product. I still believe in fuller brushes. <v Narrator>To what extent is your calling as an evangelist an exercise in selling? <v Billy Graham>Well, I think there's a there's a sense of parallel.

<v Billy Graham>The thing that one is selling or giving, because <v Billy Graham>we're not selling the gospel, the gospel is free. <v Billy Graham>But the way you present it has certain parallels. <v Billy Graham>And there is a certain salesmanship in evangelism because <v Billy Graham>I'm trying to sell the people not for money, but for what it would do for <v Billy Graham>their own hearts and what it will do for their souls out in eternity. <v Narrator>Following his successful summer as a fuller brush salesman, Graham went off to Bible <v Narrator>school. First to Bob Jones College and then to Florida Bible Institute, <v Narrator>where he was ordained to Southern Baptist in 1940. <v Narrator>He then went on to Wheaton College in Wheaton, Illinois, not far from Chicago <v Narrator>there. In 1943, he met and eventually married Ruth McCue <v Narrator>Bell, the daughter of a missionary. <v Narrator>They would have five children. <v Narrator>While still a student, Graham's preaching began to attract notice, in part because of his <v Narrator>knack for publicity and self promotion.

<v Narrator>After graduation and a brief and undistinguished stint as pastor of a Baptist church, <v Narrator>Graham decided to become a full time evangelist. <v Narrator>It was around this time that he began to assemble the group of associates that he would <v Narrator>eventually refer to as his team. <v Narrator>One was Cliff Barrows, who would become his choirmaster and right hand man. <v Narrator>Another was singer George Beverly Shea. <v George Beverly Shea>This little light of mine, This little light of mine, I'm gonna let it shine, let it <v George Beverly Shea>shine, let it shine, let it shine. <v Narrator>Graham and other young evangelists in the late 1940s were brash and flamboyant. <v Narrator>Their message may have been traditional, but they wanted to break with the stodgy old <v Narrator>revivalists of the past. <v Narrator>Charles Templeton, one of Graham's fellow evangelists with Youth for Christ, <v Narrator>recalls that drama and colorful costumes were part of a deliberate strategy. <v Charles Templeton>Last thing in the world we wanted to look like was the average parson with his <v Charles Templeton>clerical color and his black suit.

<v Charles Templeton>We used to wear very flamboyant ties, sports jackets <v Charles Templeton>and slacks, never suits. Rather than expounding the gospel, <v Charles Templeton>we started it with anecdotes and we started with little jokes and little <v Charles Templeton>ways. You learned to get the crowd relaxed so that you could talk to <v Charles Templeton>them openly and candidly. <v Charles Templeton>We were young guys, full of beans, full of energy and <v Charles Templeton>full of love for God and full of faith in what we were saying. <v Charles Templeton>We really did believe all that we said. <v Charles Templeton>And to do that and to have audiences in the thousands. <v Charles Templeton>And to see that what you were doing was immediately, if not necessarily permanently <v Charles Templeton>effective was a very good thing for the ego <v Charles Templeton>and a very satisfying thing. <v Narrator>Even so, Templeton's restless intellect began to cause him doubts. <v Narrator>In an attempt to resolve them, he decided to enroll at Princeton Theological Seminary. <v Charles Templeton>When I decided to go, I decided also that Billy should go.

<v Charles Templeton>And we met one day in New York City, as was our wont. <v Charles Templeton>We were in different places, preaching in different ways. <v Charles Templeton>But we got together occasionally and we met at the Taft Hotel <v Charles Templeton>and we started to talk about the problems. <v Charles Templeton>And I said, Billy, it is no longer possible to believe <v Charles Templeton>what the Bible says is the word of God. <v Charles Templeton>It's just demonstrably not so. <v Charles Templeton>And Billy says, well, Chuck, I just don't find that to be true. <v Charles Templeton>Is he? Billy was raised on a farm with a deeply <v Charles Templeton>religious father and mother. <v Charles Templeton>He got fundamentalist belief with his mother's milk from his earliest <v Charles Templeton>days. <v Charles Templeton>I don't think Billy has ever suffered <v Charles Templeton>or allowed to continue in his mind negative <v Charles Templeton>thoughts about Christianity. <v Charles Templeton>I think he banishes them. <v Billy Graham>He moved in a more liberal direction

<v Billy Graham>than I did. And Darvas and the more what was called in those <v Billy Graham>days, fundamentalist tradition, and because <v Billy Graham>I accepted the Bible at face value and I believed the Bible to be inspired and he didn't. <v Billy Graham>And so our paths begin to take to two different terms, <v Billy Graham>but we remain friends. I can call up Chuck anytime and <v Billy Graham>you know, our friendship just takes off where it left off years ago. <v Billy Graham>And I have great admiration for him. He is one the most talented persons I <v Billy Graham>ever knew. He was one of the greatest preachers I've ever heard. <v Billy Graham>He just had all around ability. <v Billy Graham>But somehow it didn't grip his heart like I think it should have. <v Billy Graham>And like I wish it had. And like I've often prayed as many other people have prayed <v Billy Graham>for him because he would be a mighty servant of the Lord. <v Charles Templeton>He went off to California and there, troubled by our conversation and by <v Charles Templeton>the fact that I said I was saying that not to think is the greatest of all sins.

<v Charles Templeton>It's a denial of God's creativity. <v Charles Templeton>It's a refusal to accept the brain you've been given and the mind you have. <v Charles Templeton>I'm troubled by these things. <v Charles Templeton>Billy went out one night and kneel beside a stone on a mountainside <v Charles Templeton>in forest home, which is in California, just last outside of Los Angeles. <v Charles Templeton>And he prayed as he's spoken about and has written about. <v Charles Templeton>And at that point, he asked God to help him pass this thing. <v Charles Templeton>And he committed himself that day no longer to question or doubt. <v Charles Templeton>I think that, of course, was intellectual suicide. <v Narrator>It was here at a retreat center in the San Bernardino Mountains outside of Los Angeles <v Narrator>that Billy Graham finally rejected Chuck Templeton's challenge. <v Narrator>He decided, in his own words, commemorated here on this plaque to take the Bible <v Narrator>by faith and preach it without reservation.

<v Narrator>It was the most critical decision of his entire career. <v Narrator>It provided the certainty he needed to preach with conviction. <v Narrator>And shortly thereafter, he descended this mountain and began to do just that. <v Narrator>The location was a massive circus tent in downtown Los Angeles, which was <v Narrator>quickly dubbed the Canvas Cathedral with the help of influential friends, <v Narrator>prodigious advance work and a costly public relations campaign. <v Narrator>He filled the 6000 seats night after night for eight weeks. <v Narrator>He cataloged the city's sins and told his audience they had a choice, revival <v Narrator>or judgment. The success of the crusade made a national figure of the young preacher <v Narrator>who had billed himself as America's sensational young evangelist. <v Narrator>It even got him on the coveted cover of Time magazine. <v Narrator>Graham went on to fresh triumphs in Boston on the East Coast and in Columbia, South <v Narrator>Carolina. <v Narrator>Then in July of 1950, Graham came to Portland, Oregon, in the Pacific Northwest <v Narrator>for the first time.

<v Narrator>Supporters constructed a special tabernacle made of wood and aluminum the size of a <v Narrator>football field. There were 12000 seats inside. <v Narrator>But the crowds continually spilled outside onto the grass. <v Narrator>About 20000 showed up on opening day. <v Narrator>By now, the pattern of Graham crusade was beginning to emerge. <v Narrator>It started with music from Cliff Barrows and a large choir, followed by a song <v Narrator>from George Beverly Shea. <v George Beverly Shea>Above the mountain, when my Lord spoke to me [unclear] <v Narrator>But the main attraction was always Billy Graham himself.

<v Billy Graham>And God says the wages of a broken law is death. <v Billy Graham>The wages of sin is hell. <v Billy Graham>God says that the scales do not balance. <v Billy Graham>One day I become concerned, I become worried. <v Billy Graham>and I say oh God, I must <v Billy Graham>find somewhere to stay. <v Billy Graham>I must go to heaven I cannot go on in my sins, I cannot go on in my rejection. <v Billy Graham>I cannot go on in my ways. <v Billy Graham>Isn't there some way I can get to heaven and try to find I'd put my name on a church <v Billy Graham>road. And I put that in. <v Billy Graham>But it doesn't help. And then I decide I'll get baptized and I put that in. <v Billy Graham>And it doesn't help. the scales are still unbalanced. <v Billy Graham>And then I do other things. I turn over a new leaf and I live with the golden rule. <v Billy Graham>And I can make a new rseolve. <v Billy Graham>and all the rest I put in, but the scales do not balance. <v Billy Graham>And then one night, some 15 years ago, I was sitting in a meeting like this. <v Billy Graham>The invitation was given and I made my way forward haltingly. <v Billy Graham>I didn't understand all about it. I wasn't quite sure of everything.

<v Billy Graham>But I made my way forward and childlike, [unclear] and stumbling. <v Billy Graham>I said yes to Jesus Christ. <v Billy Graham>And I remember that I put back in scale. <v Billy Graham>And for the first time in my life, that scale balanced. <v Charles Templeton>When Billy went before an audience here. <v Charles Templeton>He had a sense of his own presence and he had a presence that communicated <v Charles Templeton>himself from his earliest years in his twenties. <v Charles Templeton>Billy was just born for the platform and he he was able to <v Charles Templeton>preach with power. <v Charles Templeton>His strong voice always did. <v Charles Templeton>And a native humility that made people <v Charles Templeton>automatic automatically like you. <v Charles Templeton>He's an enormously likable guy and one of the few people who can project that <v Charles Templeton>from one to one conversation to thirty thousand people in an amphitheater. <v Billy Graham>I've got to tell you that I know the answer to your problem today. <v Billy Graham>The answer to your sin today is Jesus Christ. <v Narrator>The climax of each service was the invitation and the altar call.

<v Narrator>When Graham asked those in his audience who were not already saved to come forward <v Narrator>and commit their lives to Jesus Christ. <v Narrator>And Graham was a master of this art. <v Billy Graham>Tonight, Everybody in this place prays for you. <v Billy Graham>You come. Hundreds of you come. shall we stand. <v Charles Templeton>Billy's great skill was in what is called <v Charles Templeton>in that kind of evangelism, pulling the net part of it <v Charles Templeton>was his direct. <v Charles Templeton>his, his affability. This was a gregarious, nice guy. <v Charles Templeton>And you almost felt like he wanted to do what he wanted you to do. <v Charles Templeton>But he also was a judgemental preacher everywhere. <v Charles Templeton>You responded because Billy talked about judgment and God and hell <v Charles Templeton>and die. And the dire sides of evangelism. <v Charles Templeton>And the combination of that, however, was that he was enormously effective. <v Billy Graham>There may never be another night like tonight. <v Billy Graham>Tonight may be the last time that Jesus would ever pass <v Billy Graham>you away again.

<v Narrator>During this crusade, the Graham teen made a crucial decision. <v Narrator>They resolved to set up a not for profit corporation, the Billy Graham Evangelistic <v Narrator>Association was deliberately designed to avoid some of the pitfalls that had toppled <v Narrator>earlier evangelists. <v Narrator>The team had already worked out a set of guidelines at a meeting in Modesto, California. <v Cliff Barrows>Mr. Graham, asked Grady Wilson, if Shea and my wife <v Cliff Barrows>and myself to in our private <v Cliff Barrows>thinking and praying that day to recall some of the stumbling blocks <v Cliff Barrows>and hindrances to evangelism. <v Cliff Barrows>Some of the pitfalls of evangelists had fallen into over the years. <v Cliff Barrows>And then we would come back together and share them and <v Cliff Barrows>pray about them and make a commitment to God and to <v Cliff Barrows>each other that we would be protected from them. <v Narrator>One crucial area had to do with finance and financial accountability.

<v Cliff Barrows>We really were burdened about that. <v Cliff Barrows>And God laid it upon our heart to the counsel and advice of a man <v Cliff Barrows>who went to be with the Lord many, many years ago, he said. <v Cliff Barrows>Mr Graham, he said, why don't you incorporate, <v Cliff Barrows>establish an organization and have a board of directors? <v Cliff Barrows>And we did that and we became accountable to them. <v Narrator>Another pledge was to try to be absolutely accurate in advertising material. <v Narrator>And in announcing attendance figures frequently exaggerated by other evangelists. <v Narrator>A third area concern their approach to local churches. <v Narrator>Many itinerant evangelists of old had attacked local ministers as complacent <v Narrator>or corrupt and had been vilified by them in return. <v Narrator>The Graham team vowed to be different. <v Narrator>They would never criticize anyone in Christian service. <v Narrator>Finally, as attractive, charismatic young men traveling away from their wives. <v Narrator>The team recognized the dangers of sexual temptation.

<v Narrator>They decided never to allow themselves to be alone with a woman, even in a restaurant or <v Narrator>a taxi. <v Narrator>To this day, Billy Graham will not enter a hotel room until it has been checked <v Narrator>to make sure no temptation awaits. <v Cliff Barrows>We have kept that as a guideline. <v Cliff Barrows>I've I've kind of called it the Modesto manifesto for me. <v Cliff Barrows>It's not official in any way, but the area of finances, the area <v Cliff Barrows>of honesty and integrity, the area of encouragement of ministers in the area of our <v Cliff Barrows>personal lives and our purity of life and heart. <v Cliff Barrows>And God has honored that and I'm grateful that he has kept us. <v Cliff Barrows>And we pray that he will. Till Jesus comes. <v Narrator>With his organization in place, Billy Graham went from city to city, taking America <v Narrator>by storm after Portland came Minneapolis, <v Narrator>Atlanta, Fort Worth, Memphis, Seattle, <v Narrator>Houston and more <v Narrator>than four years after Portland.

<v Narrator>He took his campaign abroad for the first time. <v Reporter>A great commotion was in the making. <v Reporter>An American evangelist was coming in to save the Queensland press. <v Reporter>The press fired the first round. <v Speaker>Having seen American evangelist Billy Graham's arrival in London, I've seen <v Speaker>everything. No reigning monarch, no film star ever had such <v Speaker>a reception. They met him with Bibles. <v Speaker>they met him with hymns. <v Speaker>Traffic was halted. Boys, girls, men and women climbed on anything <v Speaker>to see the tall wavy haired evangelist. <v Narrator>Graham filled Haringey Arena every night for 12 weeks. <v Narrator>And he held special events for those Londoners who couldn't or wouldn't make their way to <v Narrator>an arena more commonly used for boxing. <v Narrator>He attracted massive crowds to a service in Trafalgar Square in the heart of the city <v Narrator>after Britain. He toured the rest of Europe. <v Narrator>Then in 1956, he made his first trip to Asia, starting in India. <v Narrator>Here, his progress was slower.

<v Narrator>Enormous cultural differences made it that much harder for him to get his message across. <v Narrator>Even so, he still managed to attract the largest crowds the subcontinent had <v Narrator>ever seen. <v Billy Graham>With God [unclear] <v Billy Graham>I'm going to ask you to come and recieve. <v Narrator>Back in America, Graham declared that the greatest challenge he faced was New York City. <v Narrator>It wasn't until 1957 that he felt ready to take on the place he explicitly likened <v Narrator>to Sodom and Gomorrah. <v Narrator>He opened the crusade in Madison Square Garden and ran for a record three and a half <v Narrator>months. <v Billy Graham>He offers you heart, he offers you forgiveness, He offeres you clemency. <v Narrator>But once again, it was the special events that attracted most notice. <v Narrator>With typical flair, Graham held a rally in Times Square, blocking off much <v Narrator>of the center of the city. <v Billy Graham>And down here on this beautiful moon, unders the star <v Billy Graham>with the bright lights of Times Square, all about us on this Broadway that <v Billy Graham>has been made famous as the Great White Way.

<v Billy Graham>What a place to give your life to God. <v Narrator>He ended the crusade with yet another record breaking rally, this time at Yankee Stadium. <v Billy Graham>This crowd has been brought together, I believe, by the spirit of God, using all of <v Billy Graham>us working together and I don't believe anybody is here by accident. <v Narrator>Behind this runaway success lay not just charisma, but the organizational genius <v Narrator>of the Graham team. <v Narrator>Then, is now the key to the success of a Billy Graham crusade was the involvement of <v Narrator>local churches. Each of these pins represents a different church. <v Narrator>More than 1000 agreed to participate in the Portland crusade. <v Narrator>The Saturday before <v Narrator>the crusade is visitation day at Bible Temple. <v Narrator>A large and growing evangelical church not far from the center of Portland. <v Narrator>Volunteers are preparing leaflets to be delivered door to door and carefully assigned <v Narrator>areas of the city. The members take the task of spreading the word about the crusade <v Narrator>very seriously.

<v Volunteer>Each and every single pieces of paper, father God. That none of these pieces of paper will <v Volunteer>go to waste. Each and every single one you go to, a kid <v Volunteer>go to an adult or somebody in Jesus name, father God. <v Narrator>At Mason, one of the pastors on the staff at Bible Temple is coordinating <v Narrator>the church's efforts for the crusade. <v Narrator>He's been cooperating with the Graham team for several months. <v Volunteer>I'm very impressed. I enjoyed working with them. <v Volunteer>They know how to make you feel like you're not just being used to further their <v Volunteer>desires, but that you are part of a team that we're all working together for the same <v Volunteer>end. And that's to glorify the Lord and to see people come into the kingdom of God. <v Volunteer>It's been it's been very interesting to see that every time <v Volunteer>I call them, I get a lot of respect from them and they act like I'm genuinely important. <v Volunteer>And I like working with people like that. And they're very organized. <v Narrator>The canvasing operation being carried out today has been planned with almost military <v Narrator>precision. The whole of the greater Portland area has been broken down into districts

<v Narrator>which are then assigned to different churches, really. <v Narrator>Each district is then broken down further into small segments that can be handled by one <v Narrator>or two people. The plan is that every house should receive a personal visit <v Narrator>to this end. More than a million personal invitation packages had been prepared. <v Volunteer>Hi. Oh, we're from Bible Temple. <v Volunteer>Looks like I woke you up here. I'm sorry. <v Guest>That's alright. I got to get my butt up anyway. <v Volunteer>I'm sure you heard that Billy Graham and we'd like to issue a personal invitation to you <v Volunteer>to come. <v Volunteer>And also, we're from Bible Temple, which is a local church and we would like to invite <v Volunteer>you to one of our services. <v Guest>Thank you very much. I appreciate it. <v Volunteer>Well, I hope you can make it. <v Guest>Yeah. <v Volunteer>You got a family? <v Guest>Not yet, we're working on that. <v Volunteer>Good okay. <v Volunteer>Starts Wednesday night. <v Volunteer>Look to see you there. <v Guest>Thank you. <v Volunteer>God bless. <v Volunteer>If you have already received your badges in the mail. <v Volunteer>Enter directly through that gate. You'll get your holders there if you left <v Volunteer>your badges at all still enter directly through the gate and get

<v Volunteer>your hallers and bring your badges next time. <v Narrator>Later that same day, many more volunteers were assembling at Civic Stadium, <v Narrator>where the crusade would take place. <v Narrator>These are all counselors. <v Narrator>They volunteered to come to all five nights of the crusade. <v Narrator>Their job will be to assist those who accept Billy Graham's invitation to come forward at <v Narrator>the end of each service. <v Volunteer>Judy, we have you as Judy. <v Guest>That's fine. <v Narrator>For Billy Graham councilors are a vital link in the evangelism process. <v Narrator>They help seekers make their final decision for Jesus. <v Narrator>These counselors have undergone weeks of intensive training and now four days prior to <v Narrator>the event, they have assembled for one final briefing. <v Volunteer>At the invitation, You're sitting in your council seating area. <v Volunteer>Billy Graham has preached the message, and he asks for people to respond

<v Volunteer>by coming forward if they want to find out more about Christ. <v Narrator>More than 26,000 people attended at least part of the counselor training course. <v Narrator>Of these, more than 9000 qualified and agreed to attend the crusade every <v Narrator>night. Most of them attended this rehearsal. <v Volunteer>Do our choir members come through the counselor entrance? <v Volunteers>No. <v Volunteer>Do our ushers? <v Volunteers>No. <v Volunteer>How about people coming with their ?operation Andrew Friends? <v Volunteers>No. <v Narrator>In addition to the counselors, there were 5000 volunteer ushers, 7000 <v Narrator>choir members and another couple of thousand involved in various follow up activities. <v Narrator>In all, the Graham organization estimates that 30000 people played some part <v Narrator>in preparing for the crusade. <v Volunteer>It's a great counseling to help you as you would meet other people's needs. <v Narrator>Then there's getting the stadium itself ready. <v Narrator>In 1950, Graham's supporters had to build their own tabernacle to house the crusade. <v Narrator>This time, they leased Civic Stadium, Portland's largest arena, and home to the Portland

<v Narrator>Beavers baseball team, the minor league affiliate of the Minnesota Twins. <v Volunteer>[unclear] we may have to run a couple of numbers. <v Volunteer>Yeah. <v Narrator>There was still a lot of work to do. <v Narrator>A special stage was erected to hold Graham and assorted dignitaries and lighting towers <v Narrator>were needed to supplement the stadium's floodlights. <v Narrator>The lighting crew may have looked as though they'd be more at home rigging a rock <v Narrator>concert. But as it happened, the scale was much the same. <v Narrator>Evangelism has affinities with show business as well as with salesmanship. <v Narrator>Another critical element of any Billy Graham crusade in the 1950s or the 1990s <v Narrator>or any of the hundreds in between is publicity. <v Narrator>Something that Graham and his organization have worked to perfection over the years. <v Narrator>The team works equally hard to ensure that their own publicity material is always backed <v Narrator>up by major coverage in the local media. <v Narrator>They've developed careful strategies for cultivating local journalists.

<v Narrator>This was true during the first Portland crusade in 1950. <v Narrator>And it's equally true today. <v Narrator>Early in his career, Billy Graham recognized the importance of the media. <v Narrator>He got his first break. When newspaper magnate William Randolph Hearst instructed his <v Narrator>papers to puff Graham during the Los Angeles crusade in nineteen forty <v Narrator>nine. Ever since, the Graham organization has sought the cooperation <v Narrator>of the media in publicizing the Crusades. <v Narrator>On Sunday morning, just three days before the crusade, the Oregonian ran Billy Graham's <v Narrator>picture on the front page and a special section inside. <v Narrator>The following morning, Graham came to give a press conference to local journalists <v Narrator>long before his team had identified a ballot initiative on homosexual rights as <v Narrator>the most controversial issue likely to arise. <v Billy Graham>Just today, we're going to hand to you. <v Volunteer>In his opening remarks, Billy Graham tried to preempt questions by saying with all due <v Volunteer>charm that he was not going to comment on local political issues.

<v Billy Graham>And tend to avoid here. <v Billy Graham>And the things that we're going to avoid are politics and I <v Billy Graham>stay out of partisan politics, even propositions <v Billy Graham>and measures that may be on the ballot. <v Billy Graham>I have come here for another purpose. I've come to preach the gospel and I've <v Billy Graham>got I've strayed a lot from that in years past 15 or 20 years ago. <v Billy Graham>I would make little statements that people could interpret politically. <v Billy Graham>I got away from that after Watergate. <v Billy Graham>And now I don't I don't <v Billy Graham>make comments that people can determine which side I'm on or which side <v Billy Graham>I'm not on. <v Narrator>In his dealings with the press, Graham characteristically sought to offend as few people <v Narrator>as possible. It is calculated no comment was still the lead story <v Narrator>on the evening news that night and on the front page of all the local papers. <v Narrator>The next day.

<v Narrator>Billy Graham, with some notable exceptions, has always been more comfortable straddling <v Narrator>the fence on sensitive political issues. <v Narrator>This was especially so in the early days of civil rights in Portland in 1950, <v Narrator>Graham declared that all men are created equal under the law and any denial <v Narrator>of that is a contradiction of holy law. <v Narrator>But he continued to preach to segregated audiences in his crusades across the South, <v Narrator>insisting that his organization followed the existing social customs in whatever <v Narrator>part of the country in which he ministered. <v Narrator>Graham even suggested the communist sympathies lurked behind the fledgling civil rights <v Narrator>movement. <v Narrator>It was not until March 1953 in Chattanooga, Tennessee, that Graham finally declared <v Narrator>that he would no longer preach to a segregated audience. <v Narrator>In retrospect, do you think that you were slow or a bit too timid about advocating <v Narrator>civil rights? <v Billy Graham>No, that's that's a terrible thing <v Billy Graham>that people have said.

<v Billy Graham>In retrospect, because they didn't live at that period in time and they didn't <v Billy Graham>know what was going on in the South. <v Billy Graham>Exactly. And I was <v Billy Graham>it was very early in my ministry that I saw that and that segregation <v Billy Graham>was wrong. I always felt it was wrong to start with, but I mean wrong in <v Billy Graham>public meetings. And so I physically went down and took down ropes where <v Billy Graham>blacks were supposed to sit in in our meetings. <v Narrator>Graham was certainly ahead of most of his fellow Southerners in rejecting segregation. <v Narrator>But despite a personal friendship with Martin Luther King Junior, he remained suspicious <v Narrator>of the tactics of nonviolent confrontation. <v Narrator>Although he appeared publicly with the civil rights leader, Graham refused to endorse or <v Narrator>to take part in King's boycotts. <v Narrator>Once again, it reflects his desire to cause as little offense as possible. <v Narrator>Coupled with the strong dislike of any challenge to public authority, <v Narrator>Jesse Jackson, one of King's lieutenants in the civil rights movement, has known and

<v Narrator>admired Billy Graham for many years. <v Jesse Jackson>On great marches like the March on Washington in 1963. <v Jesse Jackson>Reverend Billy Graham was not there. <v Jesse Jackson>His presence would have been a powerful force for good in that march, <v Jesse Jackson>the march from Selma to Montgomery. <v Jesse Jackson>I've seen him at great rallies in Europe and in Russia <v Jesse Jackson>and all around the world. <v Jesse Jackson>If he had been at some of those same rallies to bring down walls <v Jesse Jackson>in this country, it would have elevated his powerful evangelism to another level. <v Narrator>So he missed a historic moment. <v Jesse Jackson>He missed that moment. And I think that we who are human are going to <v Jesse Jackson>hit some. We're going to miss some. That was a, I <v Jesse Jackson>guess, a very fulfilling moment in history that came his way <v Jesse Jackson>that he really missed. <v Narrator>If Billy Graham has been reluctant at times to take a public stand on political issues,

<v Narrator>he has never shied away from politicians throughout his life. <v Narrator>Billy Graham has been drawn to power like a moth to a flame. <v Narrator>He has courted that recognition and favor of business people, religious leaders <v Narrator>and politicians. In 1950, after more than a year's effort, <v Narrator>he and his associates finally secured an appointment with President Harry Truman here <v Narrator>at the White House. At the conclusion of their meeting, Graham and his team <v Narrator>simulated the prayer they shared with the president for the benefit of White House <v Narrator>reporters. When the photograph hit newspapers across the country the following <v Narrator>morning, the president was not amused. <v Narrator>No one had told Graham or the White House protocol that what goes on in the Oval Office <v Narrator>should remain private. <v Narrator>From Harry Truman to Bill Clinton. <v Narrator>Graham has often boasted about his close relationship with American presidents. <v Narrator>For American evangelicals, who as a group frequently felt themselves outside the

<v Narrator>mainstream of American culture. <v Narrator>Graham's very public friendships were a tremendous boost. <v Narrator>They felt the kind of vicarious satisfaction in the fact that so powerful a person as the <v Narrator>president recognized Billy Graham, one of their own, as an important <v Narrator>leader. Graham has always insisted that his relationships with presidents <v Narrator>have been personal and spiritual, not political. <v Narrator>But that disclaimer has not always rung true. <v Narrator>He offered Dwight Eisenhower political advice and volunteered to intercede with foreign <v Narrator>leaders on diplomatic matters. <v Narrator>In 1960, Graham convened a secret meeting of 25 Protestant ministers in <v Narrator>Montrose, Switzerland, to discuss how they might prevent the election of John F. <v Narrator>Kennedy, a Roman Catholic. <v Reporter>Tonight is a historic occasion for Knoxville and the state of Tennessee <v Reporter>and the evangelistic crusade ministry of Billy Graham. <v Narrator>But Graham's most notorious political entanglement was with Richard Nixon's. <v Narrator>Mrs. Nixon first caught Graham's attention as vice president in the 1950s.

<v Narrator>In attendance, both men were anti-communist crusaders. <v Narrator>And by all accounts, they struck up a friendship then that has endured over the decades. <v Billy Graham>Ladies and gentlemen, I've asked the president to bring us a brief <v Billy Graham>word of greeting, and I have the great honor of presenting the president of <v Billy Graham>the United States. [clapping] <v Billy Graham>Graham frequently urged Nixon to make a public profession of faith, and he invited Nixon <v Billy Graham>to sit on the platform during his crusades, such as this one in Knoxville, Tennessee, in <v Billy Graham>1970. He was well aware that such a public gesture would help Nixon politically. <v Billy Graham>Nixon's longtime adviser and associate and chief of staff during his years in the White <v Billy Graham>House was H.R. Haldeman. <v H. R. Haldeman>A joint appearance between Nixon and Graham during a campaign <v H. R. Haldeman>would obviously put Billy Graham on <v H. R. Haldeman>Nixon's side too many people and put Nixon on Billy Graham's side to <v H. R. Haldeman>many people. And that obviously would be considered

<v H. R. Haldeman>beneficial to a political candidate. <v Narrator>To what extent did the Nixon White House view Billy Graham as a political asset? <v H. R. Haldeman>He was clearly perceived as a political <v H. R. Haldeman>asset in the sense that any friend is a political asset, because anybody who's on your <v H. R. Haldeman>side is better than somebody that's not on your side. <v H. R. Haldeman>And anybody heard that? Anybody that's against you. <v H. R. Haldeman>So Billy Graham being a man with a great following himself, <v H. R. Haldeman>being perceived to be at least not opposed to President Nixon and hopefully <v H. R. Haldeman>in favor of him would be viewed as an asset. <v H. R. Haldeman>And was. <v Narrator>Graham all but endorsed Richard Nixon in the presidential campaign of 1972. <v Narrator>And as the Watergate scandal unfolded, he continued to stand by his friend <v Narrator>when the White House tapes were made public. <v Narrator>Graham read the transcript detailing Nixon's repeated attempts to subvert the <v Narrator>Constitution. <v Narrator>But he remembers being disturbed, even physically ill, not because of Nixon's <v Narrator>extra legal maneuvers, but by his use of foul language.

<v Narrator>Even today, Graham still professes unbounded admiration for Richard <v Narrator>Nixon. <v Billy Graham>Richard Nixon was one of the great people that I've known. <v Billy Graham>He's. <v Billy Graham>He was hard to know for some people, he wasn't for me because I knew his father and <v Billy Graham>mother first. In California, and I knew him through <v Billy Graham>his father and mother. <v Billy Graham>And what a wonderful quite a family. <v Billy Graham>They were. And he grew up with a great deal of <v Billy Graham>Quaker as a ?name?. That's the reason he was reluctant to talk about religion publicly. <v Billy Graham>But privately, we had long talks. <v Narrator>Those who have examined your relationship with Mr. Nixon think that he used <v Narrator>you. <v Narrator>Would you agree? <v Billy Graham>I don't think he did. I think some of his staff did. <v Billy Graham>If you read some of those staff memos. <v Billy Graham>That have come out in recent years. <v Billy Graham>There's no doubt that some of the staff was trying to, but he didn't. <v Billy Graham>He told me to stay out of politics.

<v Narrator>Today as the crowds gather in Civic Stadium in Portland. <v Narrator>Even Billy Graham himself recognizes that he was hurt by his relationship with Nixon. <v Narrator>That's why, as he says, he has tried to steer clear politics since Watergate <v Narrator>and stick to preaching the gospel. <v Narrator>And that is what the people still flock to here. <v Narrator>The vast majority are already believers. <v Narrator>Many, encouraged by the Graham team, have brought along friends they hope will be saved. <v Narrator>And some are simply curious. <v Guest>I'm here because I think it's a very special thing to be around this many people <v Guest>who have such good feelings about the world, about humanity that they <v Guest>want to come from everything, That's why I'm here, to share in that. <v Narrator>Why did you come to the Billy Graham crusade, tonight? <v Guest>Because I wanted to see Billy Graham. <v Narrator>Why? <v Guest>Because I love him, I've known him for years and years and years. <v Narrator>How do you know him? <v Guest>Through the televison and radio and things never, talked to him in person. <v Narrator>but you still feel like he's a friend?

<v Guest>Yes he is, he is wonderful <v Guest>I'm a backslider, you might say. <v Guest>And I thought I'd give God one more chance. <v Narrator>What do you mean by backslider? <v Guest>I decided that I wasn't gonna walk in God's ways about a year and a half ago. <v Guest>And I just now I'm feeling that that lifestyle wasn't exactly <v Guest>the best choice for me. I thought I should try to come back. <v Narrator>Do you expect to be affected by the message tonight? <v Guest>Yes. <v Guest>I've been watching him on television most of my life and I never had the opportunity to <v Guest>see him in person. And I'm just really thankful to be able to do that. <v Narrator>I mean, have you made a religious commitment to yourself? <v Guest>Yes I have. <v Narrator>You've brought a friend tonight? <v Guest>Several of them. <v Narrator>What do you expect will happen? <v Guest>I expect that there's going to be a great moving of the spirit among the crowd tonight. <v Narrator>The service at the crusade follows a time honored formula. <v Narrator>It begins with Cliff Barrows conducting the choir and at times the audience singing some

<v Narrator>traditional hymns. <v Narrator>The singing and all the events which follow are recorded each night by television cameras <v Narrator>positioned around the stadium. <v Narrator>The edited programs will then be broadcast across the nation over the next few months. <v Narrator>Mass choirs have long been a feature of a Graham crusade, the one in Portland numbered <v Narrator>over 3000 at each of the five services. <v Narrator>After the hymns comes a testimony and maybe a song from a guest celebrity.

<v Johnny Cash>Hello, I'm Johnny Cash <v Narrator>The impact of guest celebrities can be important to the crowd on Johnny Cash <v Narrator>night, was by far the largest of the crusade. <v Johnny Cash>I'll tell you if I could say this quite often on the Crusades. <v Johnny Cash>If I could, I'd take that choir on my bus with me. <v Johnny Cash>I love that singing. <v Johnny Cash>I'm here to testify tonight that Jesus Christ is my lord and savior. <v Johnny Cash>And if you read the newspapers, especially those tabloids you've heard a lot <v Johnny Cash>about, read a lot about me and the things that have gone on in my life. <v Johnny Cash>June used to say one time she said she buys those tabloids in the in <v Johnny Cash>the grocery store every week just to see what I'm doing. <v Johnny Cash>And that's partly true. <v Johnny Cash>Sometimes she couldn't find me and I couldn't find myself. <v Johnny Cash>That's the way I was.

<v Johnny Cash>But I was never away from God. <v Johnny Cash>I always knew that my darkest hour and the deepest pit that I was ever in and <v Johnny Cash>the lowest point I ever dropped. <v Johnny Cash>I knew that God was there and that Jesus Christ was there reaching out to me. <v Johnny Cash>He always me brought me back up out of the pit. <v Narrator>Before Billy Graham comes up to deliver his sermon. <v Narrator>There's one other traditional element to the service, a sacred song from George <v Narrator>Beverly Shea. <v George Beverly Shea>The love of God is greater far <v George Beverly Shea>than tounge or man can ever <v George Beverly Shea>tell. It reaches far beyond the skies, it <v George Beverly Shea>reaches to the lowest end. <v George Beverly Shea>it's been a great privilege to sing a little song, simple song <v George Beverly Shea>before he speaks. <v George Beverly Shea>And he does like the simple old songs and he gets <v George Beverly Shea>acquainted with some of them and they're probably friends of mine. <v George Beverly Shea>Wonder if I've ever learn a new ones, you know.

<v George Beverly Shea>But if it can help him and help the service prep to quiet down <v George Beverly Shea>a little bit. After some of the enthusiasm of the early moments of the service, <v George Beverly Shea>that great choir can stir anybody, can it? <v George Beverly Shea>And some of the solos to come along are wonderful indeed. <v George Beverly Shea>Then I come up and sing a little song like The Love of God and it takes about <v George Beverly Shea>two minutes. Sit down. <v George Beverly Shea>Mr. Graham seems to be ready to speak. <v Billy Graham>Tonight, I want you to turn with me to the most familiar passage <v Billy Graham>in all the Bible. You know what it is? <v Billy Graham>Because most of you know it by heart. <v Billy Graham>It was the first verse that my mother ever taught me from the Bible. <v Billy Graham>Twenty five words a minute to a Bible. <v Billy Graham>The gospel in a nutshell, John, 3:16 <v Billy Graham>for God so loved the world. <v Billy Graham>Betty gave his only begotten son that whosoever believed in him should <v Billy Graham>not perish but have ever lasting

<v Billy Graham>life. <v Narrator>You've been evangelist now for more than half a century. <v Narrator>What has been your message all these years? <v Billy Graham>It hasn't changed because the message of the Gospel is still the same. <v Billy Graham>It never changes and the human heart never changes. <v Billy Graham>And now conditions change. <v Billy Graham>Environment changes. <v Billy Graham>Ethnic backgrounds that you talk to change, but not <v Billy Graham>the gospel itself. There's only one message, and that's the gospel of Christ, which means <v Billy Graham>good news, that God loves you. <v Billy Graham>God is interested in you. And God wants to forgive your sins. <v Billy Graham>Have you ever thought why God put us on this planet? <v Billy Graham>We live a short time and then we're gone. <v Narrator>For many, it's the very fact that Graham's sermons haven't changed. <v Narrator>It gives him his power. <v Narrator>Just as his words that every crusade are translated simultaneously into several <v Narrator>languages. Graham supporters believe the simplicity and consistency of

<v Narrator>his message has helped him carry it around the world. <v Narrator>The senior U.S. senator for the state of Oregon is Mark Hatfield and evangelical. <v Mark O. Hatfield>Billy Graham once said, I only have one sermon. <v Mark O. Hatfield>I just use variation on the theme of different scriptural verses because <v Mark O. Hatfield>he calls himself an evangelist proclaiming the gospel of Jesus <v Mark O. Hatfield>Christ. That's very straightforward. <v Mark O. Hatfield>He makes no effort to try to trim his sales, whether he's preaching in the Soviet <v Mark O. Hatfield>Union at a time when the country was run by a <v Mark O. Hatfield>communist regime that made no profession of any belief or faith <v Mark O. Hatfield>in transcendental religion or prided itself in being atheistic, <v Mark O. Hatfield>or whether he was preaching to the queen of England at Windsor Castle <v Mark O. Hatfield>or whether he was preaching in New York City or in Portland, Oregon. <v Billy Graham>There is a day of judgment coming and you will be there. <v Narrator>But to others, the fact that Graham has preached the same sermons in the same way for

<v Narrator>almost 50 years carries with it a sense of tragedy. <v Charles Templeton>In a sense, I think there isn't merely a kind of cosmic loneliness. <v Charles Templeton>He's not been true to himself. <v Charles Templeton>He has been in one profound sense. <v Charles Templeton>I cast no doubt upon him. But he's one of the most honorable men I have ever met. <v Charles Templeton>I would say he's the most honorable man I've ever met. <v Charles Templeton>But I feel that Billy has cheated himself out of part of life, <v Charles Templeton>a life where you are free to examine any question, to doubt <v Charles Templeton>anything, to challenge any idea and to be you. <v Billy Graham>Why do I ask you to come forward? <v Billy Graham>Because every person Jesus called in the New Testament, he call publicly. <v Billy Graham>And I'm going to ask you to come. <v Billy Graham>And as you come, you are saying, Lord, I give my <v Billy Graham>life to you. <v Narrator>The climax of each crusade is the invitation when the master salesman <v Narrator>seeks to close the deal.

<v Billy Graham>Thank you. An extra minutes or come now. <v Narrator>The act of coming forward and accepting Jesus as your personal lord and savior is a key <v Narrator>moment in the eyes of evangelicals. <v Narrator>Every man, woman and child they believe needs to go through this process of conversion <v Narrator>in order to be saved. <v Narrator>They have to commit their lives to Jesus to be born again. <v Narrator>For Graham, this is the purpose of the entire crusade, like Charles Finney <v Narrator>a century and a half before him. Graham believes that what he calls a decision for Christ <v Narrator>spells the difference between heaven and hell. <v Narrator>All the months of preparation point toward this moment. <v Billy Graham>Don't let distance keep you from Christ. <v Billy Graham>You come. I remember the night that I came. <v Billy Graham>I was the last person on the last song that they sang.

<v Billy Graham>I was always glad that they waited an extra minute or two. <v Billy Graham>We're going to wait on you. <v Narrator>During the Portland Crusade, over 15,000 people answered Billy Graham's invitation to <v Narrator>come forward. Some are new converts. <v Narrator>Some were backsliders anxious to repent. <v Narrator>And some were simply reaffirming their faith. <v Billy Graham>I want you to pray out loud after me. <v Billy Graham>Pray it outloud after me <v Billy Graham>Oh, God. I am a sinner. <v Billy Graham>I'm sorry for myself. <v Billy Graham>I'm willing to turn for myself. <v Narrator>After Graham has led those who have come forward in the center's prayer and offered a few <v Narrator>words of encouragement, he hands them over to the volunteer counselors. <v Narrator>Jesus. <v Narrator>The counselor's job is to talk to the enquirers, to say a private prayer with them and <v Narrator>most importantly, help them fill in a card covering simple personal details,

<v Narrator>which are then processed overnight and sent to a local church for follow up the next <v Narrator>morning. The inquires are then given some Billy Graham literature, <v Narrator>a copy of St. John's Gospel and then sent back into the night. <v Narrator>Billy Graham translated an old idiom, the evangelistic sermon into <v Narrator>an efficient organization that employs sophisticated marketing strategies. <v Narrator>His own conscious decision here in the San Bernardino Mountains to banish intellectual <v Narrator>doubt provided the self-assurance necessary to become a master salesman. <v Narrator>And his claim to have preached to more people than anyone else in history is <v Narrator>almost certainly accurate. <v Billy Graham>But a greater than Jonah is here <v Billy Graham>If they repented at the preaching of Jonah. How much more should they repent when they <v Billy Graham>hear the gospel of Christ. <v Narrator>Over the last half century, Billy Graham has become ever larger than life.

<v Narrator>An icon, indeed. <v Narrator>His smooth voice with just a touch of Carolina drawl has become a familiar <v Narrator>source of comfort to millions of people around the world. <v Narrator>He has always been there through good times and bad. <v Narrator>As familiar as any president over the years, as his ministry draws <v Narrator>to a close, one question remains how will Billy Graham <v Narrator>be judged by historians? <v Charles Templeton>Billy Graham will go down in immediate history as the greatest evangelist <v Charles Templeton>of the Christian gospel in the history of the world. <v Charles Templeton>His influence will not, of course, be as widespread as, hypothetically, the great <v Charles Templeton>evangelist, the apostle Paul. <v Charles Templeton>But certainly in any contemporary terms, no one has come close <v Charles Templeton>to Billy. <v Charles Templeton>Billy is the last of his kind and the greatest <v Charles Templeton>of his kind 50 or 100 years from now, when historians <v Charles Templeton>sit down to write about Billy Graham.

<v Charles Templeton>What do you hope they will say? <v Billy Graham>I've never thought about that because I doubt if they'll even know if I ever existed <v Billy Graham>40 or 50 years from now. <v Billy Graham>They might if they see enough films like this, but <v Billy Graham>I hope that they will say he was honest, sincere, <v Billy Graham>had integrity. <v Billy Graham>Preached the gospel, all his life. He didn't get side tracked. <v Billy Graham>And I think that that's what I would <v Billy Graham>like for them to think. <v Billy Graham>That I just held up Christ. <v Host>Major funding for this program was provided by the Pew Charitable Trusts.

<v Host>Additional funding was provided by the MJ Murdoch charitable trust.