Earth Day

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... ... ... ... – …future the stockholders, millions of little people who depend on us to protect their interests. – Now you take another look at our ads, and I think you'll see that we're during all that's possible to make the air we're using cleaner when we're finished than when we started. – …then if you're still not satisfied. – I think you ought to look into who I consider the real culprit in this air pollution thing. – The electric power company. Ke督a bärn sien, wrnt, resulting byro re Uli,

Could you see this bug? kiki ο'en mardin ...at your big smoke stack. Yes, and that's the reason we build it so big... ...and to carry this sort of way. There's really no reason my dear fellow... ...you'd bring any of it back. If we had any use for it... ...you could be sure we wouldn't be giving it away. That's what I want to talk to you about. The suit's falling on my house. It's making my throat burn! And who knows what the invisible junk is doing to me? I can't breathe! Please control yourself. No, it is possible... ...just possible, mind you... ...that every now and then a little teensy, wiensy bit of smoke... ...that might get into the air. But we are a public utility... ...and the public... ...which we faithfully serve... ...is interested in power and not pollution. However, as a public service regulated by the public service commission... ...we recognize our responsibilities... ...and we are taking great pains... ...or keeping mind economic realities, of course...

...to send forth air as clear as our electricity. Now, I don't want to tell tales out of school... ...but everyone knows the real cause of air pollution. It's those terrible little men... ...the public incinerator. Excuse me. Who do I talk to about all that smoke and suck coming from your incinerator? And not me! Talk to the plan engineer! Talk to the division's open tenant. Call the smoke pollution control board. For what are they to? They'll call the Department of Sanitation... ...who will notify the... Yes, but... ...who will do something? Don't look at me. I just point garbage. Now look, Mac.

You can just do something. There's some regulations, priorities, channels, procedures, budgets, responsibilities. Anyway, we don't put out all that much smoke. It's all them little incinerators and all them apartment houses that's messing up the air. Why don't you go talk to them? Is this your building? No, I'm the inspector from the Department of Building. Just a man I want to see. What can be done about the air pollution from these apartment house incinerators? Well, it's not so much the new buildings as the old ones. And there's not much that can be done about them. Oh, you want to be careful not to breathe, and you've got stuff in. It's a spestous insulation. A lung disease, and all that sort of thing. Lung disease? This stuff can cause lung disease, and you just let it float around?

Well, except for windy days, or when they're working on the upper floors. The spestous only contaminates a few dozen blocks around the construction site. The thing you want to worry about is the stuff you can't see. Like the rocks on your seat on my tray. Why would you so happy with captains? Carbon monoxide. Carbon dioxide. To say nothing, of course, would you? Now, if you really want to get down to bedrock, take the buses. Why they're all over, filling the city with filthy fuel. Now that's the violation of the building code. Take me to your leader.

Well, they do smell vile, but don't they look lovely? Now that we've got all that pretty advertising on the outside. Hey, if you're consigned with air pollution, go talk to the car manufacturers. Beautiful, cast beautiful, an American symbol of power, speed, manhood status, and conspicuous consumption. Bumper to bumper is fuzzy, I can see. Which isn't very far with all that haze. Another blessing of the American automobile. Eyes all over the junkyards and hideous roads, side stands and signs. Yes, but it's also burning my eyes, wilting my wisteria, and poisoning my parakeet. Now, just a minute there, son. Are you accusing my beautiful little baby of bad breasts? What's the matter with you anyway?

Everybody loves the automobile. It says American is frozen apple pie. Are you some kind of nut, a predestrian? No, no, I drive a car, I just want to be able to breathe. Oh, I get it. One of them nature lovers, a conservationist. Well, let me tell you something. The pollution is in our beautiful baby's heart. It's your precious son that changes the exhaust into poison gas. But listen, boy, if you are so big on your crusade, I'll tell you where all the filthy air is really coming from. Wow, that's where I started. Excuses, excuses, excuses, every one of these people fouling the air and passing a buck. Somebody's got to do something. And you, Fenwick Hat, are going to do something. Tonight, you're going to... No, not tonight.

Tonight's bowling, see. Tomorrow, Fenwick Hat, at the hearing on proposed air quality standards for this region, you're going to stand up and demand no leaf burning, no backyard incinerators. Ah, well, I've got this little backyard incinerator and... Yes, well, the day after, you're going to sit down and write your legislator and assay. No, no, I see, I'm really not much of a better writer. You got the wrong guy there, in fact. On election today, you're going to vote for the proposal to... Oh, I don't know. I've been reading in the papers where that sort of thing is liable to raise taxes. Well, heaven knows, I'm doing enough to fight air pollution now. You're letting it hold that filthy air!

You're letting it hold that filthy air! You're letting it hold that filthy air! You're letting it hold that filthy air! You're letting it hold that filthy air! You're letting it hold that filthy air! You're letting it hold that filthy air!

You're letting it hold that filthy air! You're letting it hold that filthy air! You're letting it hold that filthy air! You're letting it hold that filthy air! You're letting it hold that filthy air!

You're letting it hold that filthy air! You're letting it hold that filthy air! You're letting it hold that filthy air! You're letting it hold that filthy air! You're letting it hold that filthy air!

You're letting it hold that filthy air! You're letting it hold that filthy air! You're letting it hold that filthy air! You're letting it hold that filthy air! You're letting it hold that filthy air!

You're letting it hold that filthy air! You're letting it hold that filthy air! You're letting it hold that filthy air! You're letting it hold that filthy air!

You're letting it hold that filthy air! You're letting it hold that filthy air! You're letting it hold that filthy air!

You're letting it hold that filthy air! You're letting it hold that filthy air! You're letting it hold that filthy air! The raw material for this conversion is saltwater taken from the ocean. It is piped to these distillation chambers.

After heating, the brine flows into the first distillation chamber. In the partial vacuum, some of the saltwater flashes into steam, which condenses when it comes in contact with pipes that carry in the unheated saltwater. The brine then flows into other chambers, where it flashes under a pressure lower than that in the previous chamber. The salt-free condensed water is collected, and the brine from the final stage of this process is returned to the sea. The method of desalination employed in this plant is called multi-stage flash evaporation. Two and a half million gallons a day of fresh water are produced here.

Other plants for desalting seawater are already in operation throughout the world. In the future, plants using nuclear energy could make desalination more economical. These plants would produce both fresh water and power. Changing the weather is another way in which the problem of water scarcity is being attacked. Seating clouds with dry ice drop from aircraft is one way in which weather can be modified, or precipitation can be artificially induced, to supply additional water from the atmosphere. Another way is by the use of ground-based silver iodide generators. Under the right meteorological conditions, cloud-seating will increase precipitation. While efforts continue to increase the water supply in arid regions, we are also experiencing a problem of another sort in many areas.

This is the problem of water pollution. Water is polluted by sewage, by waste of industrial processes, and by pesticides. These materials contain organic and inorganic chemical compounds, and a variety of harmful microorganisms. When these compounds decompose, they act as nutrients which over enrich the water and promote the growth of small underwater plants called algae. The keying algae rob the water of oxygen, destroying aquatic life, and preventing the water from purifying itself. When ingested, other water-borne wastes may affect man because they are toxic. Some bacteria. The pollution from these plants has affected the entire southern end of the lake.

In many communities, insufficiently treated sewage and industrial pollution periodically put the beaches off limits to swimmers. In the waters of Green Bay, to the north, the pollutants are raw and partially treated wastes from paper mills, and the cities along its shores. Bacteria feed on these wastes, robbing the water of oxygen. Moving east, Lake Erie is almost biologically dead. That is, desirable aquatic life can no longer survive here. Only algae and various scavengers find the environment hospitable. Explication processes such as those used at Lake Tahoe, California. In the Lake Tahoe plant, the primary and secondary treatment given the incoming sewer water is similar to the kind provided in most sewage systems. Settling tanks permit sedimentation of the larger solid particles.

In this demonstration, you can watch sedimentation in raw sewage water with the help of a time-lapse camera. The sewage water is then aerated to hasten decomposition of the water-borne excrement. Then the water passes into another settling tank, from which it emerges looking like the end product of most sewage treatment plants. In this plant, however, the water passes on to several further stages of treatment. Here, powdered lime is added as a coagulant to remove phosphates that algae need for growth. The lime is added to phosphate-rich water, the lime combines with the phosphates, and they precipitate out as calcium phosphate. After another stage, which removes dissolved ammonia gas, another algae nutrient, the water passes through several layers of gravel and sand in these filter tanks.

Filtration also removes suspended solid materials, as you can see in this demonstration. Now filtered, the water is clear, but it still has another stage to pass through. These tanks are filled with activated carbon granules, which absorb still more chemical and biological impurities. The water has now been treated to a stage pure enough for drinking, only a small amount of nutrients and trace elements remain. Before it is stored for use, however, chlorine is added to prevent the growth of bacteria. The water has now been treated to a stage pure enough for drinking, only a small amount of chlorine is added.

The water has now been treated to a stage pure enough for drinking, only a small amount of chlorine is added. The water has now been treated to a stage pure enough for drinking, only a small amount of chlorine is added. The water has now been treated to a stage pure enough for drinking, only a small amount of chlorine is added. The water has now been treated to a stage pure enough for drinking, only a small amount of chlorine is added.

The water has now been treated to a stage pure enough for drinking, only a small amount of chlorine is added. The water has now been treated to a stage pure enough for drinking, only a small amount of chlorine is added. The water has now been treated to a stage pure enough for drinking, only a small amount of chlorine is added. The water has now been treated to a stage pure enough for drinking, only a small amount of chlorine is added.

The water has now been treated to a stage pure enough for drinking, only a small amount of chlorine is added. The water has now been treated to a stage pure enough for drinking, only a small amount of chlorine is added. The water has now been treated to a stage pure enough for drinking, only a small amount of chlorine is added. The water has now been treated to a stage pure enough for drinking, only a small amount of chlorine is added.

The water has now been treated to a stage pure enough for drinking, only a small amount of chlorine is added. The water has now been treated to a stage pure enough for drinking, only a small amount of chlorine is added. The water has now been treated to a stage pure enough for drinking, only a small amount of chlorine is added. The water has now been treated to a stage pure enough for drinking, only a small amount of chlorine is added.

The water has now been treated to a stage pure enough for drinking, only a small amount of chlorine is added. The water has now been treated to a stage pure enough for drinking, only a small amount of chlorine is added. The water has now been treated to a stage pure enough for drinking, only a small amount of chlorine is added. The water has now been treated to a stage pure enough for drinking, only a small amount of chlorine is added.

The water has now been treated to a stage pure enough for drinking, only a small amount of chlorine is added. The water has now been treated to a stage pure enough for drinking, only a small amount of chlorine is added. The water has now been treated to a stage pure enough for drinking, only a small amount of chlorine is added. The water has now been treated to a stage pure enough for drinking, only a small amount of chlorine is added.

The water has now been treated to a stage pure enough for drinking, only a small amount of chlorine is added. The water has now been treated to a stage pure enough for drinking, only a small amount of chlorine is added. The water has now been treated to a stage pure enough for drinking, only a small amount of chlorine is added. The old technique evaporation is employed in sophisticated hydrological experiments today. These hydrologists in Mexico are dealing with methods of purifying water from the sea.

We've put up this plant in the fishing village Puerto Peñascua. It's built on a desert that runs right down to the sea. The life of his town is the sea. Food comes from the ocean, water by truck from the mountains 20 miles away. Not this. This fresh water came from the sea. We have more customers for it than we can handle. The big problem all over the world is to get fresh water out of the sea at a reasonable cost. Many methods are being tested. This is ours. We produce electricity with a power of a diesel engine. With the waste heat from the diesel, we evaporate sea water. We purify 6,000 gallons of water a day.

It doesn't feel anywhere near our needs because we have a population of 5,000 people. Most of our water goes to the hospital in the school in town. Trucking water in here from the mountains costs 6 dollars for 1,000 gallons. We get that much from the sea for 2 dollars. But that isn't all. Part of our operation is a little farm under plastic. It covers 1 9th of a nacre. We pump in carbon dioxide waste from the diesel. It is fantastic the way that makes our crops grow. The fresh water we put in here stays here. In this little plot, we can grow enough vegetables a year to feed 60 people. We use 140th the usual amount of water.

Obviously, this whole multipurpose project is experimental, not a big production, a challenge for us, and a promising start. In the western part of the United States, enough water is lost into the atmosphere to take care of the needs of 90 million people. This hydrological project at Lake Hethner Reservoir is an experiment in a method of keeping the water where it is needed, down in the lake. Hethner is a main water supply for the 350,000 inhabitants of Oklahoma City. This setup is an elaborate one, involving a wide array of scientific disciplines. Evaporation is an elusive problem and a costly one. Scientists have been struggling with evaporation for more than 40 years. Back in the 20s, they thought that if they colored the water with harmless dyes, it might hold the evaporation down.

It didn't work though. Here they are trying something now that seems to do the trick, putting lipstick on the water. Hexodecanol is a soft, waxy material used as a base for lipstick. It doesn't smell, it doesn't taste. They mix it with water to get it onto the lake. The system of pipes under the lake is equipped with protruding spray nozzles. Hexodecanol is a curious material. It spreads out over the surface and forms a skin only one molecule thick. It's economical because it only takes 8 ounces to cover one acre. The one big problem is how to keep it there. The worst test is the wind. For whatever reason, insects and some animals like it, hydrologists at Hefner have learned to keep a close eye on the wind. There are several ways of checking the amount of film covering at any given time.

Something can be told from the height of the waves, just as oil calms troubled waters, so does Hexodecanol. Maintenance boats make small tears in the film, but they quickly heal. The hydrologist take temperatures of the lake, because where there is film, the heat of the sun is trapped in the water. But the big question is, how good is it? This is how good it seems to be. Radio waves, beam from one shore to the other, are affected by how much water is evaporating out of the lake. So radio waves give one test. Laser beams shot across the lake, analyze the moisture in the air. The results can be seen schematically. The oscilloscope in the upper right hand corner shows the situation on the lake without the material. The laser and other measurements tell that with the material, evaporation is cut on a calm day by 50%.

Most experiments like this one in Australia, Argentina and South Africa have not proved to be economical. At Lake Hefner, the hydrologists have saved enough valuable water to pay for the experiments. This is how good it seems to be. This is how good it seems to be. This is how good it seems to be. This is how good it seems to be.

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