The MacNeil/Lehrer NewsHour

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wonder in washington and i'm robert mcneill in new york after tonight's news summary we continue our healthcare reform coverage with a debate about how quickly universal coverage should begin their documentary report from srebrenica one of them muslim enclaves in bosnia and we close with a roger rosenblatt essay about rivers and flooding new york life is proud to provide funding for the macneil lehrer newshour yet another example of new york lives wise investment philosophy today news of the world and by the corporation for public broadcasting and by the annual financial support from viewers like you us warplanes bombed an iraqi missile

site today pentagon officials said the attack happened after two missiles were launched from the side apparently had two american f sixteens patrolling the northern no fly zone or engineers agency clammed a soldier and a civilian were injured on the ground it also denied that its forces fired on the us planes first today's attack is the latest of several clashes between us pilots and iraqi gunners pentagon spokeswoman kathleen delaski said the us was investigating whether today's incident was part of a widening pattern of iraq when you look for a pattern you're talking about days there sums of the build up the the incidents over the past six months have been different enough in nature and that period time between them that they don't need us to think that there's there's something necessarily growing in a large way this week for instance we still take it very seriously and bananas in part why the response came in almost real time for us soldiers including three women were slightly wounded

today in somalia when gunmen ambushed their truck and detonated a mine beneath that the attack took place in southern mogadishu which remains a stronghold of fugitive warlord mohamed farah aidid un secretary general boutros boutros ghali yesterday proposed increasing the peacekeeping force by three thousand troops mainly to help this i'm not part of the city israeli warplanes today attack shiite muslim gorilla camps in lebanon the raids came after a deadly ambush of israeli soldiers earlier today inside israel's self declared security zone in lebanon david simmons of worldwide television news narrates this report ms belie ambush of the israeli army foot patrol adorn wounded two soldiers and killed seven the air is exactly with bombs machine gun fire and rocket propelled grenades israeli warplanes retaliated quickly within hezbollah targets around the ancient city of baalbek in east lebanon's bekaa valley the area contains important supply bases for the

hezbollah guerillas operating in south lebanon the second has relied on bush after sundown killed another israeli soldier and wounded one the eight that made the worst single day death toll for israeli troops in five years as an innocent iran last month escalated into a weeklong israeli offensive in southern lebanon it was before the hezbollah attack israeli soldiers opened fire on homes in the occupied gaza strip where alleged terrorists with they said it was seeking wanted members of the islamic hamas movement new round of hostilities came twelve days before the arab israeli peace talks are due to resume in washington this afternoon the united states issued a statement condemning the guerilla attacks the state department called the ambush a calculated attempt by extremists to derail the peace process the statement did not mention israel's retaliation the presidents of serbia and croatia during the bosnian peace talks in geneva today

they were brought in by international mediators to help break a deadlock between the warring parties or how much how to divide the country into three separate states but after five hours of talks neither they nor the international mediators reported any progress they return to the table tomorrow a united nations aid convoys reached the southern bosnian to city of marsh jr for the first time since june a convoy delivered medical supplies to a croat health section sector a mousetrap but was unable to get into the sealed off muslim quarter the city has been cut off from the rest of us here for months on muslims and croats have fought fierce battles for control of that un officials said the city's hundred twenty thousand residents leave to be critically short of food and water the government today reported a surge in the nation's trade deficit imports hit a record level in june and exports continue to slump creating an imbalance of more than twelve billion dollars that was a forty four percent increase over may and the worst monthly trade deficit in more than five years

president once again in chicago attorney william daley to help move the north american free trade agreement through congress the nafta court has drawn fire from labor leaders and many democrats on capitol hill the earliest known as a savvy democratic operative with close ties to labor is also the brother of chicago mayor richard daley after making that announcement president clinton and his family headed off for a summer vacation on the island of martha's vineyard in massachusetts the president isn't expected to return to the white house until the end of the month a presidential commission investigating the airline industry presented its findings to president clinton today it said the industry had lost ten billion dollars in the past three years and carried an accumulated debt of thirty five billion the report calls for cuts in taxes on tickets and the creation of an independent committee to monitor and review the financial health of the airlines and also called for a re inventing of the federal aviation administration to keep pace with modern air traffic

control technology the trial of two man accused of beating a white truck driver reginald denny during last years los angeles riots began today twenty year old damian williams and twenty eight year old henry watson are being tried for attempted murder in a beating that was widely seen during a live television coverage of the riots the two man who are black insist they're innocent they face life in prison if convicted that's our summary of the news now it's on to the timing of healthcare reform life in a un protected enclave in bosnia and rosenblatt i said ah health coverage for all americans that's a goal president clinton outlined in his speech to the nation's governors on monday how quickly it can be achieved is our lead tonight there are between thirty five and forty million americans without health

insurance providing a basic benefits package to each one without raising taxes is the ambitious goal of health reform we'll examine the political and economic challenges first elected to uninsured people whose stories illustrate different parts of the problem still lives in manhattan she held no insurance policy when six years ago she was diagnosed with a brain tumor doctors performed surgery hospital neither pay for her chemotherapy and who was released an art foundation raised money for her treatment without the foundations are one of them going to the radiation every day for five weeks and weeks without those foundations i would've been a straight person i came back close to becoming one of the strippers i was like i felt that i had

nothing and i couldn't figure out how i could obtain insurance i tried everything eventually liberte was able to get back on medicaid but her story illustrates an economic point it's called cost shifting when uninsured patients come under hospitals with devastating illness is the system ends up paying in other words the costs are shifted to taxpayers through medicaid and through other hospital patients whose bills go up in theory bringing in the millions of uninsured people who end up getting treated anyway were free up that money but as he lay lost her job of twenty four years and her health insurance when pan am airways went out of business while looking for another job she took the risk of not buying new health insurance i looked very carefully at all of the options and it

just was too expensive i felt that honor and unemployment budget it was just much more prudent to not having health insurance and gamble on staying healthy pretty big chance to guess it was considering the fact that as in the aftermath of of a very serious illness i could literally lose my home but i just felt that my savings was for us a situation where my unemployment would run out and i still wasn't walking and i just thought it was prudent to to gamble but a silly illustrates another chronic problem people who are not insured often the way going to a doctor neglecting preventative care and often eating more costly care when they do go i have light in my family history of a serious eye problems and i've always been very very cautious when it comes to my eye exams and it makes me anxious to thank that i have ignored this for well over a year now president obama hopes to capture savings by encouraging preventative

care and by stopping cost shifting that's the theory that there's wide disagreement about how fast universal coverage can be phased in and we have four views senator david durenberger of minnesota is working with other republicans on an alternative to president clinton's health plan congressman george miller is a democrat from california and one of certainly for house members supporting a bill which calls for a single payer health system robert shapiro is an economist and vice president of the progressive policy institute a washington think tank he also served as an economic advisor to candidate bill clinton will they reinhardt is a professor of political economy at the woodrow wilson of public and international affairs at princeton university gemma lawyer i don't just go around very quickly and ask each of you in the baldness terms how quickly can universal coverage beginning your view just give me the number of years and i'll come back to the reasons in a moment mr reinhart how quickly i think it could be done in two years we just we're within two years mr shapiro how quickly i think it should be done in five to ten

years mr reinhart what is your reaction to fight to junior's but i would assume mr shapiro as well insured probably a tax that subsidized insurance is provided for him by his company and it doesn't in contact cement compensation from advantage find it's very comfortable and easy to say let a working mother with children who doesn't have insurance if they're another five years i simply disagree with that view although i respect mr shapiro it respond to that we all agree that universal coverage is absolutely necessary both because it's the right thing to do and because it makes sense economically but we can try to do it by trying to repeal the laws of supply and demand the uninsured tug at our hearts but their symptom of the problem not the problem itself the problem is fast rising medical costs and if we expand demand quickly we will simply drive those costs up even faster and contract coverage in the end let's go to the two members of congress now and asked them just

as the number of years and then i'll come back and ask you to explain senator durenberger how quickly do you believe i think it was i right now on a state by state or market by market business services like minnesota oregon utah with that are already moving and direct what cost and oleg and i call probably favored and with the next year the whole nation they take seven years seven years farmers know or how many years why they carry any anytime tree longer than two years is simply unacceptable and we may very well be acceptable in the years in the congress when you consider the people who are going to be left out and their constituency within so within the house representatives senator durenberger why so slow for the whole nation five to seven years well because they veered the concept of universal coverage is it is a solution without examine the problem the problem is that you need something in this country to get the costs under control of it and that something is is high quality

to be if you want to combine quality high quality expanded care and then cost reduction only markets are going to get them for a lark markets like we're developing here in the twin cities and cross minnesotan that exist in some other some other states they wanted if you don't know it this way what you got is a system in which are taken two hundred billion dollars pouring it into up by category three and the water entered into a two young leaky bucket and eat and you're not going to achieve her and congressman already reacted well i think it's clear when he accepted the year the clinton proposal or our proposal for the whole security plan the universal single payer system the point is what she designed the system you design it to achieve the cost efficiencies you design it to achieve a streamlined and payment i clearly then all americans to be eligible for that's where we cannot continue what we have now which is amal they cheered system based upon wealth based upon employment based upon your social status that's unacceptable and and it just it doesn't make any sense to continue that we must design the plan

as best we can and then in fact all americans must become available to tell people who don't have insurers today we're under insured lose their their shirts for multiple reasons that they will subsidize they will subsidize the design of the system over the next seven to ten years simply unacceptable into war fly little fly for five minutes for one of our two economists who believes it should be phased in mr shapiro if you phase in universal coverage how morally politically ethically do you choose whom to cover first we have a moral and political obligation to put in place a system that will actually work a system that will contain cost of reform in the marketplace and use the savings to finance universal coverage if we have to make a cue for who we face in first i think we have socially acceptable rules in other

programs for doing that for example we've had an earned income tax credit for many years that only applies to working poor people who have children because we think it's more important to provide support for families with children then for household help children that's one rule that in fact we can use these are unpleasant choices which you know i find a very striking that people say it must be done in one year or two years apart from the fact that that's not really economically responsible are feasible this political system has been tolerating tens of millions of uninsured people for years and years and years and suddenly there is a demand that no matter what we repeal the law also supplying to end in order to try to create the semblance or appearance of the system that covers everyone when in fact will drive health care costs up even faster and in the end the contract coverage for everyone and leave more people in effect uninsured war with dr health care cost up if you were i'm sure everyone immediately wow because the single the single most

important reason why health care costs have been rising twice as fast as virtually anyone eyes virtually anything else is that we have a system that feeds greater and greater demand for health care treatment a system which enables people to demand health care treatment with when the cost and a system that doesn't that provides very weak incentives for providers to provide to increase the supply of cost effective treatment if we dump a hundred billion dollars or fifty billion dollars of additional demand into that system that system will work as all economic systems do when demand rises faster than supply prices will rise is infested mr reinhardt first comment on that aspect that there's too much demand chasing limited supply at the moment and if you just increase demand it would drive prices up even faster well i would hate to lecture fellow economist but that mosque in this incident you mr shapiro electron to find the

man we have heard for for years the ma complaining about a surplus of doctors hospitals in america are so empty that they have to chase patients get revenue there's plenty of supply out there and it would be no problem at all to treat the uninsured now we you and i get treated with that excess capacity i would challenge mr shapiro that explain to a canadian or european why it is that a nation plagued by an excess supply of hospital beds and doctors needs to deny them easier access to health care for our analysis of why mr sugar well i think that line or a lecture professor reinhardt on economics either but i think you're over simplifies in a way to make his point point is not simply or their hospital beds point is are there any constraints on demand for more and more expensive treatment whether or not in fact they're needed under the under the current medical system for example you have the introduction of a technological advance

like an mri which displaces x rays in some cases but it becomes widely available immediately there is to the patient there is no cost different sort of the doctor between an mri or an x rating cases where they where they are in fact both effective the one cost eight hundred to a thousand hours and another called fifty two hundred dollars and you have have instead a shift wrong the relatively less or expensive treatment to the relatively more expensive treatment because they now call signals constraining that the man just respond to their own way no restraint on the use of high technology it all applies to mr shapiro that applies to senator durenberger who have these wonderful insurance coverages that make health the rack rate but i'm talking about a working mother without children with children with no insurance and less trouble getting in the most rudimentary care means it gets harder to comment on mr sugar was born in ann arbor and the congressman what is your reaction to the idea that four

in viewed with economic realities as he sees them it would have to be phased in and some people chose an initially and others like that that is a purely political and budgetary argument that is not an argument of real economics in the sense of real resources we have those it is simply your lap things to put fifty billion on the table federal money that would have to be a full these uninsured into the system that's all that'll pay and we're already spending nine hundred billion some of the dumber to mention two hundred million that's not the number at all with senator durenberger director the idea on phasing in by gradually increasing the number of people covered to lose politically church the level of politically speaking and you're not going to get the money it takes two to just put every by everybody under the current system because you're gonna have to take money from from places where people are already fully nearly fully insured were people are holding down the cost of health care where people are bringing low income persons into

managed care plan and ship it off to to have to a part of the country that don't do that you're going to have to raise taxes or even have to bury them in in mandated employer coverage i think that's a political problem the big problem or their friendship in the tombs system reformed were talking about one is changing the medical marketplace what will be said about hospital being the yak empty weren't worried about a lot of uninsured people into is is just bow on it and with all that with all the respect of hospitals or ambien and areas in which through some kind of a prospect the payment system more or some other system people are emptying out those hospital because they are needed the the people who are poorer and six are getting care of the problem is they're not getting the kind of care that they need or not getting it early enough and i'm only us system or change in the system can take can take care of the second part of this is the coverage issue that's where you get the medicare reform changing the low income actually through medicaid changing the tax subsidies those are the things a politician of art and getting their hands around that but that's the essential of

coverage reform going to the forty two percent of the money that's now being spent by government and change the way we spent it there's a bonding i think is that overstating the case happens it alone it would have empty beds and i'm an adult but he says in the same hospital was probably an emergency room and this is what you mean senators senator the those people uninsured are being treated well i think really well run i think we want well on his own i say it's it's not the matter of the emergencies they are being met the lead the lady with cancer those bills needs are being met it's the appropriate kind of care at the appropriate time that is not being provided now in many areas those why didn't you're going to go to congress and we were in san francisco congressman if you go to universal care at once which you think is a moral imperative how do you pay for it well let's let's begin first of all this discussion so far has been about dumping thirty four thirty five or forty million people into the current irrational system was joe shapiro mr reinhart center dermer have all discussed the

kinds of changes that should take place in the system to create a better marketplace to create a more competitive system and to it and then to hopefully be it would take a savings expand coverage that's what we're talking about wanting to want to design a system clearly we should not tell a group of people that they have to wait seven or ten years for the savings to be realized from the design a system before they can participate what is the basis on which you would do that it's it's it's it's outrageous we're all struggling with how we'll pay for this last tax bill obviously took away some of the revenues that the president was hoping to use that we were open to use the they've been taking the cap off of the ear off of medicaid in the increase in the rate so everybody's back to the drawing board but the point is this what she designed the system whether it's a long lines and mr shapiro the mr reinhart industry are president clinton's or arts you then have about an obligation you have an obligation in this country under our principles of government and people's

participation to have all americans included into that system but they keep talking about how are rational the system as we all agree on that so let's clean the system up and i moved to a single payer move to managed competition somebody can justify doing that whatever the system is that then we have got to extend that over the next two years to all americans mr ryan are one of your ideas for making it easier to cover everybody right away is to make the basic benefits package lead as i understand it describe that by leno i mean they could be offered page health menace organization so that it isn't an open ended commitment and be brought in where that is feasible of the package may not have to include prescription drugs and money and that mental health care could be another mean package that an affordable package and i think that would make it possible within a reasonable amount of money to bring everybody we're not really talking about adding more than maybe

thirty billion forty billion the nine hundred billion we spend for the rest of us were excessively it short or do you think about that mr shapiro making a lean package to make universal coverage affordable right away well i think that it's actually necessary that the package believe nine one of the things we've got to move towards is everyone figuring out how to stay healthy with a leaner insurance insurance package i still think that i think that professor reinhart is low optimistic in those numbers i still think we're talking fifty to sixty billion dollars per year now let's try to put this in perspective that is the same size as the entire tax part of them of the recent budget package for the entire spending cut part of the recent budget package we saw how difficult that was to find the resources to finance as a political simply simply from a political perspective i think we have to be realistic about the congress is in the country's willingness to absorb spending cuts or tax increases for this purpose but again

i think that we have to respect the economics of the marketplace in this and face it face in that increase in demand at a pace that the market can absorb as as live the reforms the professor reinhart and i agree on i'll begin to generate savings that we're only going to get one real chance to do this and it's vitally important for the uninsured for everyone that we get it right that we do it without harming the economy without harming the health care system congressman miller my mom around on this do you do read the president's speech to the governors association the other day as meaning the white house has already decided on a phase in policy that in saying that and the employer mandate provision it would take five to seven years to phase in has that would involve many of the uninsured presently uninsured that the administration has already committed to a phase in life he clearly that's what he told the governor's you

talked about a five seven year period i think he's going to have trouble with that the congress there's now add of us that are supporting a single payer system that during the bill and where would we have told of the first lady told her that that the advisers were drawn up a plan but the question of media coverage this is one of the basic tenants of oh of the plan that we will vote for and this isn't to get confrontational but i just don't see how in the house representatives ah you're going to make the argument that you're going to raise these taxes or however you going to pay for this but you're not going to include are thirty million americans and any suspicious not going to be it's i think we can work out of accommodation but it's not going to be between seven and ten years i think they are right we really going to get a chance to do this once or isn't andy warhol theory to government and healthcare is going to be here for its fifteen minutes and probably none of us will be in congress when it comes back again and the notion that the

congress down the road five six seven years is going to be more generous than the current congress or have an easier time that you're asking people to go to their medical futures are nothing senator durenberger how do you see the politics in the senate well i'd like to have things that the jar said the first thing is that when we do it we got to do it right than getting the partisanship out of that is the best way to get that started the second thing you said five minutes ago that an area like there is that we do the system reform whichever way we end up doing like a gentle way the president's going on since the reform do that first and then and then move into work into coverage i think that in the end the people are going to decide the issue of comedy years which of the first question you raised here but if we get at this is to reform good at bringing the cost down in in whatever way that's what they want to do right now ok pro government treasuries still to come on the newshour life in a bosnian safe haven and roger rosenblatt essay but first there's this pledge week on public television we're going to take a short

break now so that your public station can ask for your support that support helped keep programs like this one on the air our for those stations not taking a break the newshour continues with a look at the continuing power struggle in russia two years ago tanks rolled into moscow in a failed coup attempt by hard line communists today russian president boris yeltsin warned that reactionary forces still threaten democratic reform in his country ian williams of independent television news reports from moscow on the streets of moscow tonight several hundred hotline opponents of president yeltsin mark the anniversary of the failed demonstration of mormon the breakup of the soviet union they've gathered in the rain outside the white house in the russian parliament is now the senate of opposition to president yeltsin law that

fifty years ago had been the symbol of the opposition at and forty of those all those days as now called you really why the growing economic and political crisis last night by presidential decree more than one hundred white house defenders were awarded medals during a low key officials from democratic russia though yeltsin political faction of the novel after the failed to even among this hand picked group of loyalists there was criticism of the economic situation that this isn't the president acted quickly or decisively about against his opponents and some said they would not rush back to the barricades bloomberg

will likely vote on the edge of it the white house given the situation now i wouldn't go back because reforms have gone wrong in assistant because look at heart attacks pew forum on the day the president marked the anniversary with an attempt to regain the political initiative he went on the offensive and called for early parliamentary elections as the only way out of the impasse perhaps facing new parliamentary elections and it will you are going to talk more about the requirements to remove it all branches of power would like tsunami that led to that democratic federal parliament it was his clearest indication yet that he would try to

force early elections although he fully expected the russian parliament rejected the bombs indeed in an interview with channel four news the parliamentary chairman ross lot of just a lot of wasted no time in doing just that well i mean you've been going there playing in remote of parliament does not plan to hold elections and i can categorically say there will be no elections this year however if the president was reelected to build armaments will have no objections of that in going the high level of activity in parliament over the summit has been a marked contrast to the president's low key approach passed a series of bills aimed at sabotaging the president's economic reform program the reason for us according to this country faced with parliament's intransigence the memory of charles de gaulle the former french president is now being invoked by clay's heels

and aids they say that like de gaulle in his struggle with the french parliament yeltsin must break the old discredited constitution in order to bring in a new democratic one we also have to looking for a new constitution oh while acting within their boundaries and limits of old constitution and it is impossible to reconcile these two veins these two contradictory systems of legitimacy and there should be some reach some decisive move in other to get from one world to another tonight hard line demonstrators the numbers are getting up to the last protest organizers have promised they'll be back tomorrow as when a rival gathering by yeltsin's supporters call to celebrate the defeat of the coup plotters hundreds of riot police are on standby to prevent

a repeat of the violent scenes here earlier this year it next tonight in battle bosnia negotiators are working on a plan to divide the former yugoslav republic into three separate areas for bosnian muslims croats and serves one key issue is what happens to six towns and cities but the west declared last may would be safe havens for the muslims one of these safe havens srebrenica in eastern bosnia correspondent jane corbin of the bbc news program panorama preparing this report from the imperiled town srebrenica was once an athens long time and now fifty thousand muslim refugees from villages around i'm headed into bombed out streets trapped by serb forces surround them these people have little

hint the mediators can restore their lives if the talks fail the war goes on if there's a settlement they faced the prospect of a vulnerable existence in this enclave part of a dividing bosnia round them and use serb republic created from the ashes of their homes srebrenica is called a safe haven but there are victims of snipers daily max the muslim doctors try to get to safety has a hollow ring and realizes the nation he once belonged to has been destroyed the agony is new country is enduring may in the end be for nothing that for an instant felt i mustn't go someone's to

mind but i don't want to leave them and it's places like srebrenica the so called muslim safe haven states is being decided by the peace conference the need for peace is urgent srebrenica its dangerously overcrowded people exist together in one room amongst them there's no torch her husband is dead destroyed before my marriage children their clothes made from parachute material salvaged from american and thoughts on their faces the marxist get these there's his brother in law has ended up here to one's wealth now his children have nothing the youngest thomas was born in the core of the family have no future in srebrenica amount of olive ago

i hope so it'll be extremely hard hearing winter need at least a few necessities like shoes and clothes and the kids are otherwise have to go barefoot and often an ally it's a sign for us is the law is no way to keep warm we have to stay here without what we need all that many refugees and one survivor when i i i water is precious in srebrenica there's no bar each spends hours a day getting enough to keep the family alive trickles from the springs are all they'll have winced and pipes freeze in winter there's little chance the town's water system blown out by the serbs will be repaired by that guy while the people long for

peace some here may not want an end to nassau are itches a man to be reckoned with here he's known as rambo and was he more toward suspected of killing says he says his father wasn't handed over their weapons if given the people's plight will he fight on and it's a very sensitive question dancing or what his people have lived through many hardships nobody could survive all its own we were assured that after we answer of any chicken of our arms the same would happen in nearby subdivisions promises been fulfilled and people have felt cheated three times a week the convoy drivers from belgrade toward srebrenica one of sixteen place in bosnia pockets of terror tree counts with muslim refugees cleansed from their homes in the area around now controlled by serbs the routes into the enclave lies under set gun positions are

really really old boy going forward going a lot in a yellow green yellow gray are inside the enclave the local representative of un aid organisation learns that beyond the un post guarding the entrance is trucks have been stopped by the serbs issue you may be sentenced to negotiate with the service and says her family about the killing of one of their people the night before the commander look up from under him for about how far below oliver and blackmailing un aid convoys seventy eight says only lifeline is all too frequent your perfect your profit that that the homeboys before more

goes into seventy five the form with all think the seventies the odd kong we can i can expect an attack on the facts are on their way out on the way out of seventy five boesel most of those soldiers will almost sail across emotions or incidents like this emphasize the precarious nature of survival in the enclaves like srebrenica whatever the peace conference decides it's questionable whether these pockets of muslim refugees can ever have a viable future at five tense hours later it's called intact the convoys finally allowed to enter it isn't always so it's often turned back of the trucks drive down the devastated streets srebrenica is not a game and

if people know there's only four more days in store chain is being used as a weapon of war by science even if he's assigned to exist srebrenica a muslim enclave must depend on the goodwill of the science everything seems to serve health texas there are mixed emotions for the swedish volunteers that drives the troughs of support cristo or a fireman from a chance to deliver something extra to one trapped family he's only got an hour before he has to get his troops out before nightfall and the threat violence we'd be have and

i've made friends with a family their wife and six children and i used to bring up some soap and shampoo have a surprise appearance the un which guards the perimeter of srebrenica knows the fragile nature of peace on the ground any settlement will need guarantees and affirm international commitments to protect the people here this old guys on the south side of the enterprise on the short suit and drives on the limit is over what that what's on their militaries to this boom of the flu from tourism after that her eyes on that card you see it's the bosnian serbs forged are our dear old air force a new just we have they're down there is the year muslim force even without war he change threatens peace just outside srebrenica

lies the village symmetry of a serbian stronghold their mind envision this war all sides are guilty of atrocities local serb soldiers wanted to show us their side of the story here lie over a thousand victims massacred they say by muslims a mother who lost her son ago morning her father and brother the panel looks intrigued moms the forces surrounding srebrenica there is no doubt about his feelings for the muslims people who once lived in houses in this area but you can never be won with sirens again sort of an image of this is we can never live and love again it on the people of his closest friends will kill nine you may never again see muslims so then as their friends that no one came out the naked initiative intimate and donna busche is

that if we have to live together in ways they're a terrific but they will inevitably be cases this river need says hospital nights the doctor tries to comfort those who can never recover lives broken by the wall and wonders how to come to terms now with bosnia if it into three main problem for me as a father is what and how to explain myself how to be a treat type of people to tell you i have great responsible for that right in srebrenica and they wait for peace to come there is still a sense of optimism despite the delay in any this bargaining for their future incident may have been too late evening for reasons trevor neilson they'll once more left alone as their

lifeline away in this country this summer will always be remembered as the summer of the great midwestern floods as as roger rosenblatt has some thoughts about our future memories i dont know fall ever think of rivers in the same way again said a man who lives or lived alongside the now oceanic mississippi he was watching a house floated downstream another bobbing casualty in the summer of the great flood as the summer of ninety three is bound to be known the interesting thing about ford's great floods especially is that you can actually see what the disaster is an earthquake leaves damage a cycle leaves damage but a flood leaves a flood every day for most of the summer people in the midwest watch the river's become floods the waters widening as they rose snakes into dragons before one's eyes

i don't think i'll ever think of rivers in the same way again who will that statement is a mouthful in america where boys thought of rivers in the same way and a way was good a river in american folklore literature history of the road i wait is on to take you somewhere else somewhere you have never been implicitly where you want to be where you want to be one used to talk excitedly about a bend in the river because a bend in the river indicated and concealed something new a turn beyond which lay a mystery yet in a boat and see what there is to see on the hudson the potomac the connecticut the st lawrence these were not the jordan the congo the thames the known america's rivers or what was yet to be and the mystery was america itself which resided round a bend in the river so mark twain located his moral epic on a river because the river is not there it is always somewhere else a road that

moves and is itself a symbol of movement and change for the better a change for the better but huck finn and the runaway slave jim on a river and is going to be a change for the better as badly something new and different like the moral birth of huck finn's mind when he figures out on the river of course that it's better to go to an official held for doing right into a private help returning on one's friend on its sales everyone was had to learn to travel on his own the river will take you to the future and the future is you i don't know if i'll ever think of rivers in the same way again was that while speaking for the country the faith in rivers gone the future called into doubt part to blame that guy for being shaken even those of us lucky to live at some distance from the deluge watch the pictures of the distorted landscape sees gave you think this can't be happening

phone's gone crops can abandon the river gone somewhere in the mines realistic grooms one knows that eventual this flooding has to receive that houses will stop being houseboats people will go on the road to work and the river that looked like rivers began idly these same realistic rooms i joined the chambers of cockeyed optimism think of the river of settling down and you think of the future once more rebuild replant we dream but that will not be accomplished in the bat of an eye this summer has been to saudi too long for even the river gamblers to forget that it happened it happened and it was very hard i don't think i'll ever think of rivers in the same way again roger rosenblatt

and again the major stories of this thursday us warplanes bombed an iraqi missile site after being fired on the bank that denied its forces shot at the american planes first israel bombed a muslim guerrilla targets in lebanon after seven of its soldiers were killed in an ambush and the us posted the worst monthly trade deficit since nineteen eighty eight as foreign imports outpaced america exports in june by more than twelve billion dollars in iran and the mother of cities are tonight and we'll see you again tomorrow night on robert macneil the ninth major funding for the macneil lehrer newshour has been provided by pepsico at a supermarket to the world and

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