PBS NewsHour; February 28, 2021, 5:30pm-6:00pm PST

- Captioning sponsored by WNET - >> Sreenivasan: ON THIS EDITION - FOR SUNDAY, FEBRUARY 28: THE - LATEST VACCINE AGAINST COVID-19 - WINS F.D.A APPROVAL. - >> FIGHT, FIGHT, FIGHT! - HOUSING IS A RIGHT! - >> Sreenivasan: A LOOK AT THE - HISTORY OF EVICTIONS IN - RICHMOND, VIRGINIA. - >> WHEN I WALKED INTO MARCUS - BOOKS, AS AN AFRICAN-AMERICAN - MAN, I HAD A SENSE THAT I - BELONGED SOMEWHERE. - >> Sreenivasan: AND THE OLDEST - INDEPENDENT BLACK-OWNED - BOOKSTORE IN THE COUNTRY - EXPERIENCES A RESURGENCE. - NEXT ON “PBS NEWSHOUR WEEKEND.” - >> PBS NEWSHOUR WEEKEND IS MADE - POSSIBLE BY: - SUE AND EDGAR WACHENHEIM III. - THE ANDERSON FAMILY FUND. - BERNARD AND DENISE SCHWARTZ. - THE CHERYL AND PHILIP MILSTEIN

- FAMILY. - BARBARA HOPE ZUCKERBERG. - THE LEONARD AND NORMA KLORFINE - FOUNDATION. - THE PETER G. PETERSON AND JOAN - GANZ COONEY FUND. - WE TRY TO LIVE IN THE MOMENT, - TO NOT MISS WHAT'S RIGHT IN - FRONT OF US. - AT MUTUAL OF AMERICA, WE - BELIEVE TAKING CARE OF TOMORROW - CAN HELP YOU MAKE THE MOST OF - TODAY. - MUTUAL OF AMERICA FINANCIAL - GROUP, RETIREMENT SERVICES AND - INVESTMENTS. - >> FOR 25 YEARS, CONSUMER - CELLULAR HAS BEEN OFFERING - NO-CONTRACT WIRELESS PLANS, - DESIGNED TO HELP PEOPLE DO MORE - OF WHAT THEY LIKE. - OUR U.S.-BASED CUSTOMER SERVICE - TEAM CAN HELP FIND A PLAN THAT - FITS YOU. - TO LEARN MORE, VISIT - www.consumercellular.tv. - ADDITIONAL SUPPORT HAS BEEN - PROVIDED BY: - AND BYHE CORPORATION FOR - PUBLIC BROADCASTING, A PRIVATE - CORPORATION FUNDED BY THE - AMERICAN PEOPLE. - AND BY CONTRIBUTIONS TO YOUR - PBS STATION FROM VIEWERS LIKE - YOU. - THANK YO

- >> Sreenivasan: GOOD EVENING AND - THANK YOU FOR JOINING US. - THE FIRST SINGLE DOSE COVID-19 - VACCINE IS NOW F.D.A. APPROVED - AND ABOUT TO ROLL OUT TO - LOCATIONS NATIONWIDE. - THE FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION - GAVE JOHNSON & JOHNSON'S VACCINE - FORMAL EMERGENCY AUTHORIZATION - LATE YESTERDAY. - IN A STATEMENT, THE F.D.A. SAID - IT IS “ADDING ANOTHER VACCINE IN - OUR MEDICAL TOOLBOX TO FHT - THIS VIRUS,” AND APPROVED IT FOR - USE IN PEOPLE 18 AND OLDER. - TODAY, THE CENTERS FOR DISEASE - CONTROL AND PREVENTION ISSUED - ITS APPROVAL OF THE SHOT. - THIS MORNING, DR. ANTHONY FAUCI - URGED AMERICANS TO TAKE - WHICHEVER VACCINE IS AVAILABLE - WHEN THEY BECOME ELIGIBLE. - >> ALL THREE OF THEM ARE REALLY - QUITE GOOD, AND PEOPLE SHOULD - TAKE THE ONE THAT IS MOST - AVAILABLE TO THEM. - IF YOU GO TO A PLACE AND THEY - HAVE J&J AND THAT'S THE ONE - THAT'S AVAILABLE NOW I WOULD - TAKE IT. - I PERSONALLY WOULD DO THE SAME - THING. - >> Sreenivasan: JOHNSON & - JOHNSON-- WHICH IS A FUNDER OF - NEWSHOUR-- SAID IT EXPECTS TO - BEGIN SHIPPING THE FIRST DOSES - AS SOON AS TOMORROW. - A SECOND FORMER AIDE IS ACCUSING - NEW YORK GOVERNOR ANDREW CUOMO - OF SEXUAL HARASSMENT.

- IN A REPORT PUBLISHED YESTERDAY - BY "THE NEW YORK TIMES," - CHARLOTTE BENNETT, A 25-YEAR-OLD - FORMER HEALTH POLICY ADVISER - TOLD THE PAPER ABOUT SEVERAL - OCCASIONS LAST SPRING. - BENNETT TOLD THE "TIMES" THAT - DURING ONE OF THE INCIDENTS THE - 63-YEAR-OLD CUOMO ASKED, - "WHETHER SHE THOUGHT AGE MADE A - DIFFERENCE IN ROMANTIC - RELATIONSHIPS," AND SAID THAT HE - "WAS OPEN TO RELATIONSHIPS WITH - WOMEN IN THEIR 20s.” - THE GOVERNOR DID NOT DENY THE - ALLEGATIONS, BUT IN A STATEMENT - TO THE "TIMES," CUOMO SAID HE - NEVER MADE SEXUAL ADVANCES - TOWARDS BENNETT AND DID NOT - INTEND TO BE INAPPROPRIATE. - TODAY, THE GOVERNOR SAID HE - WOULD ASK NEW YORK'S ATTORNEY - GENERAL AND THE STATE COURT OF - APPEALS' CHIEF JUDGEO CHOOSE - SOMEONE TO LEAD AN INVESTIGATION - OF THE CHARGES, - THE CLAIM COMES DAYS AFTER - ANOTHER FORMER AIDE, LINDSAY - BOYLAN, MADE DETAILED SEXUAL - HARASSMENT ACCUSATIONS AGAINST - CUOMO, INCLUDING A CHARGE THAT - HE GAVE HER AN UNSOLICITED KISS - ON HER LIPS IN 2018. - THE GOVERNOR DENIED BOYLAN'S - CHARGES. - THE CONSERVATIVE POLITICAL - ACTION CONFERENCE-KNOWN AS - C-PAC-- WRAPPED UP ITS ANNUAL - MEETING TODAY WITH AN ADDRESS

- FROM FORMER PRESIDENT DONALD - TRUMP. - IT WAS THE FIRST MAJOR ADDRESS - BY THE FORMER PRESIDENT SINCE HE - LEFT OFFICE AFTER LOSING THE - ELECTION. - >> WE BEGAN THE JOURNEY 4 YEARS - AGO, AND THE JOURNEY IS FAR FROM - >> Sreenivasan: PRESIDENT JOE - BIDEN IS SPENDING TWO NIGHTS AT - HIS HOME IN WILMINGTON, DELAWARE - THIS WEEKEND. - HE HAD NO PUBLIC EVENTS TODAY, - BUT DID GO TO CHURCH THIS - MORNING. - FOR THE LATEST NATIONAL AND - INTERNATIONAL NEWS, VISIT - pbs.org/newshour. - >> Sreenivasan: AS - INVESTIGATIONS INTO THE - JANUARY 6 INSURRECTION AT THE - CAPITOL CONTINUE, WE'RE LEARNING - MORE ABOUT HOW MISINFORMATION, - LIES AND CONSPIRACYHEORIES - ONLINE HELPED TO INCITE THE - VIOLENCE. - AN INVESTIGATION BY THE - ASSOCIATED PRESS DELVED INTO THE - PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SOCIAL MEDIA - ACCOUNTS OF NEARLY 1,000 ELECTED - AND APPOINTED REPUBLICAN - OFFICIALS AT THE STATE AND LOCAL - LEVEL NATIONWIDE. - MANY HAD VOICED SUPPORT FOR THE - INSURRECTION, DEMANDING THAT THE - 2020 PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION BE

- OVERTURNED. - I RECENTLY SPOKE WITH GARANCE - BURKE, GLOBAL INVESTIGATIVE - JOURNALIST FOR THE ASSOCIATED - PRESS, OUT THEIR - INVESTIGATION. - >> AND SO, WHAT WE DID IS, WE - REVIEWED THE ARCHIVE OF THE - RIGHT WING ALIGNED SOCIAL MEDIA - NETWORK PARLER, AND GOT A SENSE - OF EXACTLY THE KINDS OF LIES AND - MISINFORMATION AND CONSPIRACY - THEORIES THAT ARE STILL MAKING - THEIR WAY AROUND QUITE - PREVALENTLY IN THESE CIRCLES. - >> Sreenivasan: HOW DO THESE - DIFFERENT STATE PARTIES - FUNCTION? - WHY ARE THEY IMPORTANT? - WHY IS IT IMPORTANT IF SOMEONE - IN THEIR LEADERSHIP IS SHARING - THIS KIND OF INFORMATION? - >> SO, EXACTLY, THESE ARE PEOPLE - WHO THE COMMUNITY HAS ELECTED TO - REPRESENT THEMR WHO'VE BEEN - APPOINTED TO STATE, LOCAL COUNTY - BOARDS, COMMISONS, BY MEMBERS - OF THE PARTY. - AS AN ELECTED OFFICIAL, YOU - REALLY DO HAVE MORE INFLUENCE - ONLINE. - AND SO, FOR THAT REASON, WE FELT - IT WAS IMPORTANT TO LOOK AT - THEIR CONVERSATIONS AND THE

- MESSAGING THAT THEY'RE PUTTING - OUT TO UNDERSTAND HOW - MISINFORMATION AND LIES ARE - TRAVELING. - >> Sreenivasan: WAS THERE A - PREVALENT THEME? - >> WELL, WHAT WE FOUND IS THAT - ELECTED AND APPOINTED OFFICIALS - IN THESE LOWER LEVEL BRANCHES OF - THE REPUBLICAN PARTY ARE VERY - BITTER ABOUT WHAT THEY PERCEIVE, - DESPITE NO EVIDENCE, AS THE - ELECTION HAVING BEEN STOLEN. - THERE'S A LOT OF REALLY ANGRY - POSTING OUT THERE ABOUT THE NEED - TO CONTINUE THE FIGHT, WITH SOME - OFFICIALS ACTUALLY SAYING THAT - ALL ABLE-BODIED MEN BETWEEN THE - AGES OF 18 AND 45 ARE PART OF A - MILITIA AND SHOULD TAKE UP ARMS. - >> Sreenivasan: AND IS THIS - REGISTERING WITH NATIONAL LAW - ENFORCEMENT AGENCIES OR EVEN - STATE AND LOCAL ONES? - >> WELL, WE DON'T KNOW EXACTLY - WHAT'S TO COME, RIGHT, BUT WE DO - KNOW THAT F.B.I. AND THE - DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY - HAVE WARNED RY RECENTLY THAT

- THERE'S THE POTENTIAL FOR MORE - VIOLENT EXTREMISM AND DOMESTIC - TERRORISM. - WE DID SPEAK WITH ONE REPUBLICAN - OFFICIAL IN MICHIGAN WHO HAD - RECENTLY BEEN VISITED BY F.B.I. - SHE SAYS SHE WAS GLAD TO TELL - THEM SHE DID NOTHING WRONG WHEN - SHE WENT TO THE CAPITOL - INSURRECTION AND SIMPLY WAS - THERE TAKING A PHOTO, BUT I - THINK THAT THIS IS GOING TO BE - SOMETHING THAT OUR NATION'S LAW - ENFORCEMENT AGENCIES ARE GOING - TO BE TAKING A CLOSE LOOK AT, - ABSOLUTELY. - >> Sreenivasan: WHAT WERE E - REACTIONS FROM THE INDIVIDUALS - WHEN YOU AND OTHER REPORTERS - SHOWED THEM WHY YOU'RE CALLING, - WHAT YOU'RE CALLING ABOUT, - WHETHER THEY STOOD BY THESE - STATEMENTS? - >> WELL, THE REPUBLICAN - OFFICIALS WHO WE SPOKE WITH, - HARI, FEEL LIKE THEIR SPEECH IS - BEING CENSORED ON SOME OF THE - MAINSTREAM SOCIAL MEDIA - PLATFORMS. - THEY'RE PARTICULARLY GRAVITATING - TOWARDS OTHER PLATFORMS WHERE - THEY FL THATHEY CAN SPEAK - FREELY. - SO, I THINK THAT FOR THESE LOWER - LEVEL G.O.P. OFFICIALS, THERE'S - A REAL, KIND OF, CONCERN HERE

- WHEN DOES FACT CHECKING VEER - INTO THE SUPPRESSION OF FREE - SPEECH? - THAT'S A LOT OF WHAT WE ARD. - ON THE OTHER HAND, SOME OF THE - OFFICIALS WHEN WE CONTACTED THEM - AND SHOWED THEM SOME OF THE - SCREENSHOTS OF THE ARCHIVED - POSTS THEY HAD PUT OUT THERE ON - PARLER, AT FIRST DENIED THAT - THEY WERE, IN FACT, THEIR WORDS - AND THEN LATER ACQUIESCED THAT - INDEED THEY HAD SAID THESE - THINGS AND STOOD BY THEM. - >> Sreenivasan: AS YOU DID ALL - THIS REPORTING, WHAT STOOD OUT - TO YOU? - >> ONE OF THE THINGS THAT REALLY - STOOD OUT TO ME IS JUST THAT - THERE ARE, IN FACT, TIES BETWEEN - LOWER LEVEL REPUBLICAN OFFICIALS - AND MILITIA GROUPS WHO HAVE - TAKEN UP ARMS TO PROTEST WHAT - THEY SEE AS VERY UNFAIR - POLICIES, BE THAT, YOU KNOW, - MANDATES TO WEAR MASKS IN PUBLIC - OR NOW ISSUES TIED TO THE 2020 - ELECTION. - AND SO, I THINK THAT WHAT IS - REALLY INTERESTING TO OBSERVE IS - JUST THE KINDS OF MESSAGING THAT - THESE GROUPS ARE TRADING AMONG

- THEMSELVES SURROUNDING THE RIGHT - TO BEAR ARMS. - AND THAT'S, OF COURSE, SOMETHING - THAT I THINK THAT F.B.I. WILL BE - LOOKING AT MORE DEEPLY AS THE - WEEKS GO FORWARD, THESE TIES TO - MILITIA GROUPS. - >> Sreenivasan: GARANCE BURKE OF - THE ASSOCIATED PRESS, THANKS SO - MUCH FOR JOINING US. - >> THANK YOU FOR HAVING ME. - >> Sreenivasan: PRESIDENT JOE - BIDEN'S LATEST RELIEF PLAN - INCLUDES BILLIONS OF DOLRS TO - HELP RENTERS WHO HAVE FALLEN - BEHIND OPAYMENTS BECAUSE OF - PANDEMIC-RELATED JOB LOSSES. - HE'S ALSO EXTENDED THE FEDERAL - BAN ON EVICTIONS THROUGH MARCH, - WHICH THE CENTERS FOR DISEE - CONTROL AND PREVENTION ENACTED - AS A PUBLIC HEALTH MEASURE. - BUT THE FEDERAL PAUSE ON - EVICTIONS IS NOT AN AUTOMATIC - BAN. - SINCE LAST SPRING, IN THE 27 - CITIES TRACKED BY PRINCETON - UNIVERSITY'S EVICTION LAB, - NEARLY 250,000 TENANTS HAVE BEEN - EVICTED. - "RETRO REPORT," A NON-PROFIT

- ORGANIZATION, WANTED TO KNOW HOW - THAT'S HAPPENING, AND TO WHOM. - THEY WENT TO RICHMOND, VIRGINIA, - A CITY WITH ONE OF THE NATION'S - HIGHEST EVICTION RATES, TO LOOK - FOR ANSWERS. - BRIAN PALMER REPORTS. - >> Reporter: IN HIS FIRST DAYS - AS PRESIDENT, JOE BIDEN ISSUED A - FLURRY OF ORDERS AND - ANNOUNCEMENTS ON A RANGE OF - ISSUES-- IMMIGRATION, PANDEMIC - RELIEF, EDUCATION. - LESS NOTICED WERE HIS - ADMINISTRATION'S MOVES TO DEAL - WITH ANOTHER NATIONAL PROBLEM, - THAT OF EVICTIONS. - >> THIS CANNOT BE WHO WE ARE AS - A COUNTRY. - WE CANNOT LET PEOPLE BE EVICTED - BECAUSE OF NOTHING THEY DID - THEMSELVES. - >> Reporter: ANNOUNCING THAT THE - C.D.C.'S EVICTION MORATORIUM - WOULD BE EXTENDED BY AT LEAST - TWO MONTHS. - THAT MORATORIUM, WHICH IS NOT A - BLANKET BAN, HAS SLOWED EVICTION - FILINGS IN CITIES LIKE - RICHMOND-- BUT IT HASN'T STOPPED - THEM. - >> I HAD BEEN DIAGNOSED WITH - CORONAVIRUS. - SO, I STAYED QUARANTINED IN THE - HOUSE. - WHEN I FIRST GOT THE EVICTION - NOTICE I WAS IN THE BED. - >> Reporter: EZEKIEL HICKS PAYS

- $1,000 A MONTH FOR AN APARTMENT - IN THE SOUTH SIDE SECTION OF A - CITY WHERE, EVEN BEFORE THE - PANDEMIC, ROUGHLY ONE IN NINE - RENTERS FACED EVICTION-- MEANING - A LANDLORD WON A COURT CASE - AGAINST A TENANT OR ACTUALLY - KICKED THEM OUT. - >> I GET UP AND I LOOK AT THE - DOOR - I SEE A YELLOW PIECE OF PAPER ON - MY DOOR. - AND I READ IT AND IT WAS LIKE, - YOU KNOW, "YOU HAVE 30 DAYS TO - BE-- WE WANT YOU OUT OF HERE AT - A CERTAIN DATE, AT A CERTAIN - TIME." - >> MR. HICKS IS LIKE SO MANY - VIRGINIANS, RICHMONDERS, - AMERICANS RIGHT NOW. - HE WAS CURRENT ON HIS RENT RIGHT - UP UNTIL THE TIME THAT HE LOST - WORK. - BUT BECAUSE OF COVID-19, - LITERALLY IN MR. HICKS'S CASE, - BECAUSE OF COVID-19, HE WAS - UNABLE TO WORK AND AS A - CONSEQUENCE, NOW HE'S UNABLE TO - PAY HIS RENT. - >> Reporter: WITHOUT INCOME, - HICKS MISSED SOME RENT PAYMENTS - STARTING IN MAY. - OVER THE NEXT SEVERAL MONTHS, AS - HIS LANDLORD TRIED TO EVICT HIM, - THE AMOUNT HE OWED BALLOON TO - $6,000-- INCLUDING NOT JUST BACK - RENT, BUT LATE CHARGES, PLUS HIS - LANDLORD'S LEGAL FEES.

- HICKS'S SITUATION ISN'T UNIQUE, - ACCORDING TO PROFESSOR BENJAMIN - TERESA, WHO STS HOUSING AND - URBAN DEVELOPMENT. - >> PEOPLE WHO WERE ALREADY - PREDOMINANTLY RENTERS, IN TERMS - OF WORKING IN THE HOSPITALITY - SECTOR AND HOTELS AND SERVICES - THAT ARE HARD HIT BY BOTH THE - PANDEMIC AND RECESSION, THAT - THEY'VE LOST HOURS OR LOST THEIR - JOB COMPLETELY. - AND SO, THEY'RE EVEN MORE - VULNERABLE TO LOSING THEIR HOMES - TO EVICTION. - >> FIGHT, FIGHT, FIGHT! - HOUSING IS A RIGHT! - FIGHT, FIGHT, FIGHT! - HOUSING IS A RIGHT! - >> Reporter: THE MORATORIUM - GIVES TENANTS TEMPORARY RELIEF; - BUT WHEN IT ENDS, BACK RENT - COMES DUE IN FULL. - THAT PUTS THE BURD RIGHT BACK - WHERE IT WAS BEFORE THE - PANDEMIC: ONHE SEGMENT OF THE - POPULATION THAT HAS LONG BEEN - MARGINALIZED AND DISADVANTAGED. - ABOUT 25% OF PEOPLE HERE LIVE - BELOW BY THE POVERTY LINE. - RESEARCHERS AT VIRGINIA - COMMONWEALTH UNIVERSITY FOUND - THAT THE DECISIVE FACTOR IN - EVICTIONS IN RICHMOND ISN'T LACK - OF MONEY. - EVEN AFTER CONTROLLING FOR

- INCOME AND PROPERTY VALUE, THEY - FOUND CHMOND'S MOST DECISIVE - FACTOR IN EVICTIONS IS RACE. - >> THE MOST INFLUENTIAL FACTOR - AT THE NEIGHBORHOOD LEVEL ON - EVICTION RATES IN A NEIGHBORHOOD - IS THE RACIAL COMPOSITION OF THE - NEIGHBORHOOD. - SO, AS THE NEIGHBORHOOD HAS A - HIGHER SHARE OF BLACK AND - AFRICAN-AMERICAN RESIDENTS, IT - ALSO HAS A HIGHER EVICTION RATE, - AND THEN, CONVERSELY, IF THE - NEIGHBORHOOD IS WHITER, IT HAS A - LOWER ICTION RATE. - >> Reporter: WHILE THERE'S NO - PERFECT COMPARISON, TWO EXAMPLES - OF VIRGINIA SHOW A STARK - CONTRAST. - NEARLY 50% OF RICHMOND'S - POPULATION IS BLACK, AND THE - PRE-PANDEMIC EVICTION RATE WAS - JUST OVER 11%. - BUCHANAN AND DICKENSON COUNTIES - HAVE NEARLY THE SAME POVERTY - RATE AS THE CITY OF RICHMOND, - YET THEIR EVICTION RATES HAVE - BEEN BELOW 1%. - BOTH COUNTIES' POPULATIONS ARE - ALSO MORE THAN 95% WHITE. - WHY DOES THE BURDEN OF EVICTIONS - WEIGH HEAVIEST ON RICHMOND'S - BLACK AND BROWN CITIZENS? - ONE EXPLANATION MAY LIE IN THE - PAST, WHEN A RACIAL CASTE SYSTEM

- RULED THE SOUTH, SAYS HOUSING - ADVOCATE TRACEY HARDNEY SCOTT. - >> THIS IS STILL THE HOME OF THE - CONFEDERACY, SO RACISM RUNS - RAMPANT IN HERE. - AND THE BEST WAY TO CONTROL - NEGROS, IS TO KEEP THEM IN A - PLACE. - AND SO, THE BEST PLACE TO KEEP - THEM IS TOTALLY IN LOW INCOME, - LACK OF, LACK OF, LACK OF, LACK - OF RESOURCES, LACK OF EDUCATION. - >> Reporter: UNTIL THE MID-20th - CENTURY, BLACKS WERE LARGELY - EXCLUDED FROM POLITICAL DECISION - MAKING, CONFINED TO CERTAIN - NEIGHBORHOODS, REDLINED INTO - ZONES WHERE BANKS WOULDN'T OFFER - MORTGAGES, AND GENERALLY MADE - SECOND-CLASS CITIZENS BY - AMERICAN LAW AND CUSTOM. - >> IF YOU WANT TO KNOW WHAT'S - GOING ON IN AFRICAN AMERICAN - COMMUNITIES IN THE 21st CENTURY, - YOU'VE GOT TO WALK THROUGH THE - FIRE OF JIM CROW SEGREGATION. - THERE ARE RESIDUAL EFFECTS FROM - THE PUBLIC POLICIES OF THE MID- - 20th CENTURY THAT CONTINUE TO - STILL RESONATE PROFOUNDLY IN THE - 21st CENTURY. - >> Reporter: THE CENTURY THAT - GAVE US THE NOVEL CORONAVIRUS, - WHICH HAS HIT BLACK, BROWN, AND - INDIGENOUS PEOPLE-- ALL - HISTORICALLY MARGINALIZED-- - WITH PARTICULAR FEROCITY. - >> THIS IS PRECISELY WHAT

- PPENS WHEN PEOPLE WHO HAVE - BEEN COMPRESSED IN THE - NEIGHBORHOODS, WHO LIVE IN - MULTI-GENERATIONAL HOUSEHOLDS, - WHO WORK ON E FRONT LINES OF - PARTICULAR JOBS, UNDERPAYING - JOBS, THAT CARRY A HIGH AMOUNT - OF THE VIRAL LOAD. - DISEASES MAY NOT CARE ABOUT RACE - OR SOCIO-ECONOMIC STATUS, BUT - SOCIO-ECONOMIC STATUS AND RACE - HAVE A PROFOUND INFLUENCE ON THE - NATURE IN WHICH DISEASES AFFECT - CERTAIN PEOPLE AND NOT OTHERS. - >> Reporter: HICKS EVENTUALLY - RECOVERED FROM THE VIRUS. - DESPITE BEING LEGALLY COVERED BY - THE MORATORIUM, IT TOOK THE HELP - OF A LEGAL AID ATTORNEY TO PAY - BACK RENT WITH FUNDS FROM A CITY - RENT RELIEF PROGRAM AND TO GET - HIS EVICTION CASE DISMISSED. - >> RIGHT NOW, MY RENT IS PAID UP - THROUGH A PROGRAM THAT HE - INTRODUCED ME TO. - AND MY RENT IS PAID UP AND I'M - TRYING TO GET THIS OTHER JOB - BECAUSE THE JOB THAT I HAD, I - CAN'T DO THAT NO MORE, SO. - >> Reporter: HICKS SAYS HE HAS - SAVED SOME MONEY TO PAY RENT, - BUT HE'S BEEN HUNTING FOR STEADY - WORK FOR MONTHS.

- HE'LL MAKE ENDS MEET ANY WAY HE - CAN. - >> PLASMA CENTER, DIFFERENT - JOBS, ODDS AND ENDS JOBS. - I CAN'T GO THROUGH THIS NO MORE. - YOU KNOW, I'M A GROWN, - INDEPENDENT MAN. - IF I GOT TO, I WILL GO PICK CANS - UP AND CUT GRASS, RAKE LEAVES, - WHATEVER TO PAY MY RENT. - >> Sreenivasan: BLACK-OWNED - INDEPENDENT BOOKSTORES HAVE BEEN - EXPERIENCING A SURGE IN SALES - AFTER THE BLACK LIVES MATTER - MOVEMENT IGNITED INTEREST IN - BLACK HISTORY, WHITE SUPREMACY, - AND HOW TO END RACISM. - MARCUS BOOKS, THE OLDEST BLACK- - OWNED BOOKSTORE IN THE COUNTRY, - HAS BEEN THERE FOR ITSOMMUNITY - THROUGH DECADES OF SIMILAR - CHALLENGES. - NOW IN ITS 60th YEAR, IT STANDS - AS A TESTAMENT TO AN - EXTRAORDINARY COUPLE'S LOVE OF - BOOKS AND THE BLACK COMMUNITY. - THIS SMALL BLACK-OWNED BOOKSTORE - IN OAKLAND, CALIFORNIA, IS

- HALLOWED GROUND FOR SOME. - >> WHEN I WALKED INTO MARCUS - BOOKS, AS AN AFRICAN-AMERICAN - MAN, I HAD A SENSE THAT I - BELONGED SOMEWHERE. - >> Sreenivasan: CLARENCE BLOCK, - JR. GREW UP IN SAN FRANCISCO AND - HAS BEEN COMING HERE FOR ALMOST - 50 YEARS. - >> SEEING BOOKS THAT WERE - WRITTEN ABOUT ME AND MY - ANCESTORS FILLED A VOID. - >> Sreenivasan: MARCUS BOOKS WAS - FOUNDED IN 1960 BY TWO - VISIONARIES, JULIAN AND RAYE - RICHARDSON. - THEY BELIEVED THAT ACCESS TO - BLACK LITERATURE WAS PARAMOUNT - TO THE BLACK COMMUNITY. - THEIR DAUGHTER, BNCHE - RICHARDSON, RUNS THE BOOKSTORE - TODAY. - >> PART OF THE BASIS OF THEIR - RELATIONSHIP WAS THEIR LOVE OF - LITERATURE WHEN THEY WERE - TEENAGERS-- AND IT STAYED LIKE - THAT. - THEY ALWAYS READ TOGETHER, THEY - READ TO EACH OTHER, THEY JUST - HAD A LOVE OF BOOKS. - >> Sreenivasan: THE COUPLE MET - IN THE LATE 1930s, AT A UNIQUE - SCHOOL IN ALABAMA, DEDICATED TO - BLACK SELF-RELIANCE. - >> YOU HAVE TO PUT MARCUS BOOKS - AND JULIAN AND RAYE RICHARDSON - REALLY IN A HISTORICAL CONTEXT.

- THEY BOTH WERE AT TUSKEGEE - UNIVERSITY, LED BY BOOKER T. - WASHINGTON, WHO ESPOUSED A - PHILOSOPHY OF DO FOR SELF. - JULIAN STUDIED LITHOGRAPHY, HE - MET HIS WIFE THERE. - >> Sreenivas: JASMINE JOHNSON - IS A GRANDDAUGHTER OF THE - RICHARDSONS AND A PROFESSOR OF - AFRICANA STUDIES AT THE - UNIVERSITY OF NNSYLVANIA. - >> AT AN INCREDIBLY YOUNG AGE - SHE STARTED COLLEGE, NOT ONLY - MEETING MY GRANDFATHER, BUT - BECOMING A WOMAN OF THE MIND. - >> Sreenivasan: THE INTELLECTUAL - AND ARTISTIC IMPACT OF THE - HARLEM RENAISSANCE WAS BUILDING - MOMENTUM. - >> THEY WOULD REALLY SCOUR THE - COUNTRY, LOOKING FOR BOOKS ABOUT - BLACK PEOPLE. - AT THAT TIME VERY FEW BLACK - PEOPLE WERE BEING PUBLISHED. - MY PARENTS SAW THE NEED FOR - BLACK PEOPLE TO HAVE A SOURCE OF - INFORMATION ABOUT THEMSELVES. - >> Sreenivasan: AFTER A FEW - YEARS IN HARLEM, THE COUPLE - HEADED WEST AND SETTLED IN SAN - FRANCISCO. - IT WAS 1946, AND JULIAN STARTED - SUCCESS PRINTING. - >> THEY WERE PUBLISHING ALL - KINDS OF THINGS, YOU KNOW, - POSTERS, ARTWORK, BUT THEY WERE

- ALSO REPUBLISHING BLACK BOOKS - THAT HAD GONE OUT OF PRINT. - SUCCESS PRINTING, THAT EN - TURNED INTO RICHARDSON PRINTING, - THAT THEN TURNED INTO MARCUS - BOOKS. - >> Sreenivasan: IN 1960, THE - RICHARDSONS OPENED THE - BOOKSTORE, LATER RENAMING IT - MARCUS BOOKS AFTER MARCUS - GARVEY, FOUNDER OF THE BLACK - NATIONALIST MOVEMENT. - BOTH THEIR FATHERS HAD BEEN - GARVEYITES. - A CRITICAL CULTURAL AND - INTELLECTUAL SPACE WAS BORN, - FOSTERING A NATURAL GATHERING - PLACE FOR BLACK PEOPLE. - >> IT WAS A MEETING PLACE FOR - MANY ORGANIZATIONS, BUT ALSO A - PLACE THAT APPRECIATED YOU, - WELCOMED YOU, DID NOT FOLLOW YOU - AROUND THE STORE WITH MIRRORS ON - THE WALLS, YOU KNOW. - >> WHEN I CAME IN, JULIAN - RICHARDSON, EXTREMELY HUMBLE, HE - WOULD BE WALKING OUT TO CHECK ON - ME." - WELL, WALTER WHAT ARE YOU - THINKING, WHAT ARE YOU READING?" - >> Sreenivasan: MEANWHILE, THE - NEIGHBORHOOD-- KNOWN AS THE - FILLMORE DISTRICT-- WAS BECOMING - A THRIVING CENTER OF BLACK LIFE. - >> ON FILLMORE STREET AND THE - SIDE STREETS IT WAS LIKE A - HARLEM OF THE WEST COAST,

- BECAUSE NOT ONLY WERE THERE JAZZ - CLUBS AND BLUES CLUBS, BUT AS - YOU GET TO THE LATER PART OF THE - 1960s THE OFFICE OF THE BLACK - PANTHER PARTY WAS ON THAT - PARTICULAR STREET. - IT REALLY REPRESENTED THE BLACK - COMMUNITY. - >> Sreenivasan: THE FILLMORE - STREET LOCATION WOULD BE HOME TO - GENERATIONS OF THE RICHARDSON - FAMILY - >> I GREW UP IN ONE BIG PURPLE - VICTORIAN ON FILMORE STREET. - THERE WAS MARCUS BOOKS ON THE - BOTTOM AT THE STOREFRONT, MY - GRANDMOTHER AND AT SOME POINT - COUSINS ON THE SECOND FLOOR, YOU - KNOW, EVERYBODY WAS RESPONSIBLE - EACH OTHER AND TO THIS - BROADER COMMITMENT TO BLK - LITERACY. - >> Sreenivasan: BUT THAT - COMMITMENT WOULD BE SIDELID AS - THE CITY'S EFFORTS TO REDEVELOP - MEANT THE DESTRUCTION OF THE - NEIGHBORHOOD, FORCING THE - STORE-- AND THE FAMILY-- TO MOVE - MULTIPLE TIMES. - IN 1976, THE RICHARDSONS OPENED - A SECOND STORE, IN OAKLAND. - IT WAS THE HEIGHT OF THE BLACK - POWER MOVEMENT, WHEN THE - F.B.I.'S CO-INTELPRO PROGRAM WAS - SURVEILLING BLACK BUSINESSES. - >> WE WERE TARGETED FOR A LOT OF - REASONS, JUST LIKE A LOT OF

- OTHER BLACK ORGANIZATIONS WERE. - SO, WE HAD CHALLENGES IN TERMS - OF THE GREATER SOCIETY BEING - THREATENED BY US. - LATER, IT WAS REALLY JUST - ECONOMICS. - >> Sreenivasan IN 2014, THE SAN - FRANCISCO STORE SHUTTERED AFTER - PREDATORY LOANS FORCED THE - FAMILY TO SELL THEIR BUILDING. - WHEN THE COMMUNITY RAISED $1.64 - MILLION TO BUY BACK E STORE, - THE DEVELOPERS REFUSED TO SELL. - >> THERE'S SOMETHING ABOUT THE - LIBERALISM THAT'S REALLY THICK - IN SAN FRANCISCO THAT CAN - SOMETIMES MASK THE OPERATIONS OF - ITS ANTI-BLACKNESS. - THE "SAVE MARCUS BOOKS" CAMPAIGN - WAS REALLY ONE ABOUT SAVING - BLACK SAN FRANCISCO. - >> Sreenivasan: BUT IN OAKLAND, - THE GATHERINGS CONTINUED. - MAYA ANGELOU, MUHAMMAD ALI, - TERRY McMILLAN, NIKKI GIOVANNI, - OPRAH WINFREY AND MANY OTHERS - ALL HELD READING AT MARCUS - BOOKS. - >> I'VE NEVER STOPPED COMING. - I BROUGHT MY GRANDDAUGHTERS DOWN - HERE, AND THEY GET TO SEE HOW - GREAT THEIR PEOPLE WERE AND ARE. - >> Sreenivasan: THAT'S ALL FOR - THIS EDITION OF "PBS NEWSHOUR

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