Golden Apple; Golden Apple 2002: Sam Nichols

That was the math portion of this task, okay. I'm going to start doing the interviews to quickly make sure nobody comes over with the comment. We're going to start the interviews, so we're going to go ahead and make sure nobody comes over with the comment. Hopefully we'll be done by then. So what class do you have Mr. Nichols for? I have Mr. Nichols for Biology too this year, and I've also had him for Human Anatomy and Biology one. And what is it about Mr. Nichols that you like but that you find different from other teachers?

I think Mr. Nichols is just a very talented teacher because he can read when the students are learning and he knows how hard to push them and he just really motivates the students to try to do well and want to do well in his class and all the other classes really. So how do you relate personal to Mr. Nichols? How does he help you individually? Well, I think Mr. Nichols helps everyone individually because well, he just wants you to be a better person and he wants you to be a better person. And he really motivates you and he gets you to work harder at school and he helps you a lot. What kind of stuff does he do in the classroom? Do you have labs and tons of stuff? How does he incorporate that into the biology class? He has many different learning tools. He has labs that we do and we have lab books that we write them up in and do procedures. And he has videos like educational videos we watch and we take notes. And he has many different learning styles so it never gets boring or repetitive.

Have you ever had any other biology classes with a different teacher or a different... I've never had another biology class with a different teacher but I have had other science classes. And how did you feel about science before you had Mr. Nichols? Well, my interest has definitely grown since I've had Mr. Nichols. I always kind of like science but I really like it now. All right. Where do you take your house? No, no, really. You've never got anything. Is there anything that you'd like to add? Like to point out about Mr. Nichols? I'm going to put you on this spot, I'm sorry. Well, I just think he's a really great teacher and he has a lot of really great ways of assessment I think and he can tell when the kids are learning and I think, I don't know, he's just really a teacher. Okay, how do you think he does that? How do you think he tells what's going on with his students? I think it might just be a town he has to tell what's going on with his students because he never pushes too hard

and he can always tell that when people are getting it or not and he never makes you feel stupid or that you can't get it because he always makes sure that everyone can understand it. And it's like, he goes slow enough that everyone can understand it but it's not dragging down the people that do understand it. All right. I think that's okay. I think this is probably what it has played all the old beetle hits, played Wings hits. About three and a half hours worth. It was incredible. Where was it at? M.C.M. Grand. It was a sign. I think it took us a lot of time ago. Yeah. It was... It was fun. Oh, well, I'll be a weirdo. I didn't get him or anything. I was proud of myself. No, I was telling them. I don't have a poster over there so you can look at the poster. Don't mess with the poster.

All right. I nurtured that thing all the way home so it wouldn't get crumpled up. We're doing a lab today as I told you on Friday on Circulation. There's two parts of this lab. One is the goldfish lab and I talked to you about how we're going to do the goldfish lab. We're looking at goldfish heart rate at different temperatures, in different environmental temperatures. Warm temperature and ice temperature or cold temperature. The fish are in fish bowls around the room. There are six of them. There is a water bath up here that is currently at about 40 degrees. The temperature is more than about 10 degrees. I'll get some ice out of the freezer in just a little bit for the cold temperatures. We'll do cold temperatures at tables 2, 3 and 4. We'll do warm temperatures at table 5 and table 6 will be the control. As I told you last week at each one of these tables there is a full beaker of cold-iberated room temperature water so that if the gill slit covering.

Every time that goes out and these are big enough goldfish that you can tell the movement. Every time the perkylum goes out that indicates his heart is beating. You need to keep real close track of that. Once you change the temperature you need to count for, let's say, a minute. Remember when you dump the water in they're going to start swimming around because they don't have very much room right now. They're going to start swimming around. It may take both of you working pairs. It may take two people to count the fish's heart rate and then get an average or determine the number between yourselves. That will be the first part of the lab is response to the goldfish to changes. How many of you know how to take blood pressure? Some of you should for or five. Okay, so here's a quick lesson on blood pressure. You need to think of your circulatory system as being a closed system.

If this is the heart, every blood vessel that circulates through your body basically goes like this. Here would be your heart. These would be the blood vessels. Blood would travel like this. It's a closed system. Think of it like that. There's lots of branches. Goes in different directions. Lots of branches. Lots of tissue. It has to supply blood too. But basically it's closed. So when your heart contracts, if this is filled with fluid, when your heart contracts what happens to the pressure within that system. So go up or down. It goes up. Your heart contracts. Pressure goes up. Heart relaxes what happens to the pressure. Pressure goes down. So this is what happens every time your heart contracts and relaxes. The contractile phase of your heart rate is called sisterly. Sisterly. Okay, so this would be the contraction phase. Okay, anybody remember what the relaxation is?

This is the relaxation phase. We can measure the pressure within the system at both of these times. Physiologists have always been interested in how pressure changes when the heart contracts and when it relaxes. The way they used to do this, and there's kind of a gruesome story about this, about how they used to determine blood pressure. They started out working with horses and sheep. And they would insert a needle or a thing called a trocar. It's a long hollow tube into the artery or into the vein and the neck of a horse. And they had the end of the needle or trocar attached to a long tube filled with water. And they would think every time the heart contracts, that's also going to push blood into this shoe will support. Well, the first time they did this, there was too much pressure in the horses. Circulatory system in the blue water at the top of like a 20 foot tube. And so they changed the amount, or they changed the fliers, mercury pressure. We measure it in millimeters of mercury pressure.

That's why, when you go to the doctor, or if you look at a blood unit of value, we're going to say that that's S. Your diastolic pressure should be... Between, like, when I was going to say 70... Well, yeah, in anatomy, we just gave you a number. We just taught you a number and said, believe this, okay? And so we're going to change that a little bit. We're going to say it should be your systolic pressure minus 40... That would equal 80. This should be your diastolic pressure at rest. Now, this gives us a range plus or minus five on each one, okay? Plus or minus five. So, if you're 20 years old, your systolic pressure should be anywhere from 115 to 125. Your diastolic pressure should be anywhere from 75 to 85. What things could influence your blood pressure and maybe make those numbers be higher or lower? Lower this, already heard this.

Now, draw an arm, okay? Should I draw a pop-I arm again? All right, so draw a pop-I arm, okay? And then here's fingers, okay? Didn't hire me to draw, they hired me to teach. Here's your brachial artery. It comes down through your upper arm and splits off into a radial artery and an ulnar artery. What you're going to do when you do these blood pressures today is you're going to put a cuff over the arm like this. And you're going to inflate the cuff and increase the pressure inside the cuff. For you guys, you need to pump it up to about 140 millimeters of mercury pressure, okay? And the step that we have all this hooked together here, you have to do four things at once today. I think you can do it. What you do is you increase the pressure here to 140 millimeters of pressure, okay? And that should be enough to stop blood flow going through your brachial artery.

That should slow it down and should completely stop it. You're going to be listening down here in the front of the elbow through a stethoscope for your heart rate, okay? You're for your partner's heart rate. The blood will be able to push past the cuff and you'll be able to hear a pulse down here, okay? That's the first number, that's the systolic pressure. The diastolic pressure will be when you continue to let the air out of the cuff. And it reaches a point where the pressure in the cuff and in the artery are equal again, the pulse will go away. And that will be the diastolic pressure. Now, that's the theory behind it. Let's see how we're going to do this. Who's got a short sleeve shirt? Scott, come on. Have a seat right there. Here's your blood pressure cuff. You need to turn so you can face that. The stethoscope is in it, okay? Here's the stethoscope.

Okay, and what you'll do is you'll have your partner put out their left arm. Why do you always take blood pressure in the left arm? Because when your aorta comes out of your heart it curves off to the left. Now, be real careful that the bell of the stethoscope is part right here that you listen through is on the front of the elbow. And maybe just a little bit to the inside. You're going to wrap this around, fairly snug, and put it here. You got all these hoses. You hold that. Okay? Now, here comes the hard part. This is the bulb that you're going to use to pump this up. Okay? You hear this? There's a valve on there. One of the biggest mistakes you can make is you get this all hooked up. You've got this going, and you're standing there. You can't hear when you've got the stethoscope on.

You're just going like this, like crazy. And the cuff's not getting any tighter. You wonder why? Well, the valve's closed, or it needs to be opened. Okay, so clockwise closes, counterclockwise opens. Okay? So you'll pump this up to about 140, and your partner's going to hold this up so that you can see. Okay? And then you're going to listen. And when these pressure... What else do I need to tell them, is that all? Okay. Sure. Okay? Yes. That's what? Oh, it's all bluffing. We're going to do three pressures. Okay? We're going to do one while your partner is sitting on the table, one while they're laying down, and then after they lay down for a little bit, you'll have them stand up. And as soon as they stand up, you're going to take their blood pressure. Okay? So, we'll start with the fish, and then we'll do the blood pressure. How many of us are there?

Four, six, eight, ten, twelve. Twenty. Okay. Put the ice out here. I haven't met you. Mr. Harris. Mr. Harris, it's good to see you two nights away. Teach an A&P. Keep your busy. Well, keep me out of trouble, I guess. I'm not taught out there for twenty-six years. Okay. Anyway. Just like to do a nice step now. Okay, feel great. I'd like to never do anything like that. Yes? That's not good. No. So, look at what we're going to do. Let's put back over here, put by the big fish block. Okay. So, is it us? I'm sorry. That's all right. Things break. And the thermometer. What does that say? We need to load up. I'm trying to say it around.

Do you find isopurculum? What's the room, or what's the water temperature? Twenty degrees. Okay. Cool. Okay. So, we'll put some ice in there and see what happens. That do a resting heart rate. It's like 20 degrees. Wait a minute. If you can get it, if not bit, for 15 seconds and then multiply by four. Four? Yeah. All right. So, it's pretty active. There is seven there. You see isopurculum, okay? So, we determine temperature versus. We determine how many times it isopurculum time. Right. How many times it moves? That goes down. Pull water through your lungs. It's heart rate. Okay. All right. Okay. All right. Okay. Four minutes.

What was the initial temperature? 20 degrees. 20, okay. And you guys are doing hot water? Yeah. Was it hot? Yeah. You're going to get, no, that's right. You're cold. Okay. You still counting? Okay. But you see what you're counting. Yes? All right. All right. Enough to lower the room, the temperature between five and ten degrees. How long did you keep it from me? Not that it for over 60. Like that? Per...perg you're over 60. Okay. Not over 60. Oh. Not over 60. Not over 60. Yeah. Okay. All right.

You guys, sir. You're doing hot? Okay. Touch your temperature. 20 degrees. 20 degrees, so are there all of them about to say? You see what you're doing? You're not the same as it is now over. Yeah. It's better to look at the opirculum because, you know, if a piece of food or something drips by, you'll grab it with his mouth. So, do you want to... Do you want to look at both? Well, I would just go with the opirculum. You're doing...are you doing cold water or control? Okay. So, you're just going to watch it. Okay. Well, I'll tell you what. You've got to control reading, right? You want to do something to this fish, don't you? Okay. Why don't you go ahead and put icing? Because we've only got two cold water groups. Okay. So, this will give us some of the cubes of icing until you change the temperature somewhere between five and ten degrees in Brownville. Yes. Yes. I'm always on the icing. You're looking at temperature. You want to change the temperature.

Five to ten degrees. Right. You want to lower. No, it means here. Oh. You got these? Yeah. Okay. If you'll put those on my desk, please. Okay. What do you want me to do with this? You store my desk on a desk? Yeah. And we'll... We couldn't find her. She wasn't in that. And that girl wasn't even in... I think she moved. And... I don't know about her. I don't know who it was. That's... That's most of all. That's good. Thanks. Okay. Okay. That's what it starts doing there. What? Okay. Are you watching the temperature? Yeah. Okay. What did the temperature go to? It's going down. We have... 18. 18. 18. 18. 18. 18. 18. Okay. Are you ready? I think she's going to feed you. She's going to give her a place. You can't say. Oh, what?

Okay. Ready? No. I can't see. Okay. There he is. Stacey Brando. What do we do? I give up today. So... Somebody time in here? Yeah. All right. Okay. Okay. We'll count for a minute. Yeah. Keep watching. Okay. Anyway. Well, he's excited. Okay. Okay. Watch and see the temperature is down to about 12 or 13 now. Okay. So do we need to put the temperature that it is after we take the heartbeat? Yeah. Kind of see how after the heartbeat. Okay. Okay. How many? Four. Three. Three. Four. Three. Three.

Four. Three. Okay. Let's go to time, all right, Kenji? You can't. Temperature. 124. So it went down. Okay. It went down 30. 35 degrees. 35 beats per minute. Is that right? Yeah. Okay. Well, you can do the math. Yeah. You can get a calculator. All of a sudden, you do? Yeah. You need to calculate the difference in temperature. Right. It's a 37. Yeah. Yeah. Okay. No. 35. Yeah, 35. Oh, no, I'm sorry. Yeah, you're right. 37. You need to stay out of the way. That's right. All right. Okay. So this is the data that we need. These are the fish. Okay. So we'll just leave them in there. The cold water temperature usually does. Okay. Okay. So. Yeah. Now you can do your blood pressure.

All right. All right. And the table should be clean. All right. If they're not there, so clean them off. Of course, that's it. All right. Excuse me. The water in and that'll level up. What did your temperature do down to? To 12. And what did you just heartily do? It went down. It went down. It went down. It went down by 26. Is that what you thought it would do? No. How did it go up on the gut? Why did you think it would go up? Wouldn't it because you had to put more blood to get the heat going? Could it heat up to the body? Would it go up more blood? I don't know. Would it? Yes, it does. Yes, it does. But it wouldn't end. The water's heavy. Was it going into a comb or something? No. How did we classify organisms in terms of body temperature? Oh, cold. Cold blood. In terms of nectar. In terms of nectar. In terms of nectar. In terms of fish. In terms of nectar. So what was the difference in terms of their body temperature compared to environment? As the temperature went down the harlow.

As the environmental temperature goes down. There were a lot of them. Their body temperature goes down. They don't have to worry about equilibrium. So it's not like that. Right. Right. They're not like warm blood. So when the environmental temperature goes down. His body temperature goes down. So when that happens. Remember the lab we did with the gerboles? Yeah. They still met a ball of break. But it happened to the gerboles and the cold environment. His heart went up because he was an endocrine. Because he's an endocrine. Endocrine. Endocrine. Gerboles and endocrine. Yeah. Okay. So just the opposite would happen with the fish. So this is basically the same as the gerbola in your group. We're using the endocrine. So do we have to have anything else other than the before and after temperature and the heart rate before and after? No. We're going to compile data tomorrow and write this up. Okay. So we need to go into the heart rate right now. To blood pressure. Blood pressure.

All right. Okay. Yes. And how high did you raise the temperature? Five degrees. Okay. What's going up about? 124 to 130 degrees. So it went up 12 beats per minute. Right. Okay. So is that what you expected to happen? That's what happened. That's what happened. All right. He's trying to cool himself down. Yeah. You know. Move around more. Okay. How did we classify animals in terms of the temperature? Well, since our life, like it starts at 30 degrees. I don't think sure is dependent on the environment that he's in. That's right. So remember the lab we did with the gerbos, basal metabolic rate. Right. Has environmental temperature changed? Basal metabolic rate went up. So what's an indicator of basal metabolic rate? Heart rate. Heart rate. Ah. Okay. So you would expect his temperature to drop a little bit. Yeah. Okay. Okay. So that looks good.

One of 12 beats per minute. Keep that. Right. I'm trying to place for you guys to do blood pressure. Right. You're doing my sitting one. But what was it like right after I sit and stand up? Right. Just as you stand up. So we may need to wait for a table to clear off. 162. 162. 162. 162. What's that? It was what? Sitting down. 162 or 90? Hmm. Is that good or bad? That's what it is. It just looks. Okay. That's just looking. Okay. Carly, tell me about your fish before you start here. We went down to 14 degrees. So you dropped the temperature six degrees? One, three times is heartbeat. Okay. To 65. Is that what she thought would happen? Yeah. Why? Because it would kind of swim around and get warm in the situation. Okay. Okay.

Let's back way off here. How did we classify animals in terms of their temperature? Their internal body temperature. What terms did we use? Warm blood or cold blood? They were either endotherms or active firms. Okay. And if you've got an ectothermic animal, no clint. You need to open that and take the bottles out. Put them in the refrigerator in the store. Okay. So, what did we do with the gerbil? What were we measuring in those environments? It's oxygen. We measured oxygen consumption. And what did that tell us about the gerbil? What were we measuring as a result of oxygen consumption? Basel metabolic rate. Okay. So, he was an endotherm. Gerbil was an endotherm, right?

Okay. Basel metabolic rate stayed relatively constant. It changed a little bit as environmental temperature changed. Because he's an endotherm. This is an ectotherm. What's going to happen to an ectotherm's environmental or body temperature when environmental temperature is here? It's going to change with it. Okay. And how are we going to measure that? Part beats. And that's an indicator of basel metabolic rate. And if we hit hot water, what do you suppose they're... Okay. Now, you didn't do the hot water, right? So, how much do you... If it went up, how much do you suppose it went up? Six to three thousand. There's one up about five. And it's heart rate. How much do you suppose it went up? Yours went down. How much? Five. So, I guess it went down. Yours went down nearly 80 beats. There's only...

There's only one up about 12. Oh, really? Yeah. So, maybe the water went more and went up a lot to various. Okay. Okay. Let's put that... You're doing blood pressures. Okay. Hey, how are we doing this one? Well, I think so. Let's go ahead and let all the air out. Yeah. Because it will... It will... We're standing blood pressure. What did you get? Same as sitting. The same as sitting. And what was that? 13. Where am I supposed to put it over? When I start that? Okay, no. The number... The number on the board... When the pressure in the cup... And the pressure in the artery... Or the same one the hardest wrist. Then you're going to hear... The pulse... You're fading or going away. So, wherever it went away... That would be the last song. Okay. So, try it again. Okay. Sorry, Chris. Okay. Okay. Okay.

All right. All right. Okay, so that's all right. And you can't hear it at all. Okay. So, you're resting your arm? Yeah. Okay. Okay. Okay. You ready? Yeah. Okay. Can you see? All right. All right. And you can't hear it at all. I can hear it. Okay, so you're resting your arm? Yeah. Messing your arm. Okay. Okay. Okay. You ready? Yeah. Okay. Can you see? All right. I'm going to... I don't think she has a pulse. I'm going to... I don't think she has a pulse. And listen for her pulse. And so you can hear... You're going to listen it, you know. Yeah. So, remember that number? Okay. You can hear it. Yeah. Listen until it fades or goes away. Okay. You want to be there. Okay. So, what number do you have there? Like 160. 160. 160. That's great. Okay. See, right? That's good. Okay. Yeah. Okay. Yeah. Okay. Okay.

Okay. Yeah. That's how it works. Yeah. Okay. Yeah. Wait a minute. Wait a minute. Wait a minute. Wait a minute. Wait a minute. Bill has to go over the inside of his elbow. Okay. Okay. Okay. So, let's put it back right to him. It happened around snug. Okay. Nice to work. Here's your job. All right. And let's untangle some of the tubes so we don't have too much numbers. Okay. Plug that in. Okay. Relaxure. Okay. Okay. Feel for your pulse. Okay. I'll put that in. Okay. Is there a... Yeah. You have to close the valve. Thank you. Are you intelligent? Okay. Really? Okay. Maybe all the way. Okay. I don't know when it fades or when it goes away. That's going to be your next pulse. Wait a minute. Wait a minute. Wait a minute. Wait a minute. Wait a minute. Wait a minute. Wait a minute. Wait a minute. Wait a minute.

Wait a minute. Wait a minute. Wait a minute. Wait a minute. Wait a minute. About 70. So about 120 over 70. Is there more of that? Let him rest. Okay. Now that's the sitting. You need to write that down somewhere. I'd be like 125 over 82. Yeah. This doesn't really mean anything. You don't really have high blood pressure until... You see it three times in a row. Yeah. It feels like 140 or something. Yeah. Something like that. It's like stroke level. I'm trying to get them on those. On two blood pressure. On two blood pressure. You need the lay in the air. So if you have spread out more than 50, which is normal, Like if you have spread out like 70 or something, is that bad? You sure? Well, remember on the board, there's a difference should be about 50. I like it to that level. You must be able to get more than it. Man, this means that your heart's working harder, that you're not really rest. Like at least both of you are. So it'll be 10, right? We'll do all three of them. Okay. Okay. I'm taking only one now.

I'm trying to put it on every time. You know what? That's it. It's over six. What? I'm really resting. What did you expect? Hello. Why would it be lower? Because she's more relaxed. Ah, inner heart's hard to hear. Yeah. It has to be kind of quiet. I feel so good. Okay. Okay. So who's next? We already done everything. We already done it. We already done it.