PBS NewsHour; Friday, November 25, 2022, 3:00pm-4:00pm PST

WILLIAM: GOOD EVENING. I'M WILLIAM BRANGHAM. JUDY WOODRUFF IS AWAY. ON THE NEWSHOUR TONIGHT, A MAJOR MERGER. KROGER IS TRYING TO BUY ALBERTSONS IN A MULTI-BILLION DOLLAR CONSOLIDATION OF E COUNTRY'S TWO BIGGEST GROCERY CHAINS. WHAT THE DEAL COULD MEAN FOR SHOPPERS AND FOOD PRICES. THEN, THE PRICE OF PRECIOUS METALS. MINERS IN ZIMBABWE ARE EXPOSED TO TOXIC MERCURY WHILE WORKING IN ILLEGAL GOLD MINING OPERATIONS. >> I WOULD WAKE UP WITH A RASH ON MY FACE, NO TASTE IN MY MOUTH THEN I WOULD HAVE DELAYED SPEECH AND MEMORY LOSS. SO, THIS KEPT WORSENING OVER TIME UP UNTIL I BECAME MUTE. WILLIAM: AND IT'S FRIDAY. DAVID BROOKS AND JONATHAN CAPEHART WEIGH IN ON THE LATEST HEADLINES. ALL OF THAT IN MORE ON TONIGHT'S PBS NEWSHOUR. >> MAJOR FUNDING FOR THE PBS

NEWSHOUR HAS BEEN PROVIDED BY -- >> PEDIATRIC SURGEON. VOLUNTEER. TOPIARY ARTIST. A RAYMOND JAMES FINANCIAL ADVISOR TAILORS ADVICE TO HELP YOU LIVE YOUR LIFE. LIFE WELL PLANNED. >> AND WITH THE ONGOING SUPPORT OF THESE INSTITUTIONS. AND FRIENDS OF THE NEWSHOUR. INCLUDING -- >> THE LANDSCAPE HAS CHANGED, AND NOT FOR THE LAST TIME. THE RULES OF BUSINESS ARE BEING REINVENTED WITH A MORE FLEXIBLE WORKFORCE BY EMBRACING INNOVATION, BY LOOKING NOT ONLY AT CURRENT OPPORTUNITIES BUT AHEAD TO FUTURE ONES. RESILIENCE IS THE ABILITY TO PIVOT AGAIN AND AGAIN FOR

WHATEVER HAPPENS NEXT. >> PEOPLE WHO KNOW, KNOW BDO. >> THE JOHN L. AND JAMES L. KNIGHT FOUNDATION. MORE AT KF.ORG. >> IF -- AND FRIENDS OF THE NEWSHOUR. THIS PROGRAM WAS MADE POSSIBLE BY THE CORPORATION FOR PUBLIC BROADCASTING, AND BY CONTRIBUTIONS TO YOUR PBS STATION FROM VIEWERS LIKE YOU. THANK YOU. WILLIAM: A NEWLY LIBERATED CITY IN UKRAINE IS REELING TONIGHT FROM A HAIL OF RUSSIAN MISSILES,

WITH NO RESPITE IN SIGHT. OFFICIALS IN KHERSON SAY TWO DAYS OF INTENSIVE ATTACKS HAVE KILLED AT LEAST 11 PEOPLE. THE RUSSIANS RETREATED FROM THE CITY TWO WEEKS AGO. MEANWHILE, IN MOSCOW, PRESIDENT VLADIMIR PUTIN SAT DOWN TODAY WITH MOTHERS OF RUSSIAN TROOPS. HE COMPLAINED OF WHAT HE CALLED LIES ABOUT THE WAR, BUT TRIED TO OFFER SYMPATHY. >> FOR THOSE OF YOU WHO ARE HERE AND WHO HAVE LOST YOUR SONS, OF COURSE MOTHER'S DAY IS CONNECTED WITH THOUGHTS ABOUT THIS TRAGEDY. IT'S IMPOSSIBLE FOR ME TO COME OUT WITH SOME FORMAL STOCK PHRASES EXPRESSING MY CONDOLENCES. BUT I WANT YOU TO KNOW THAT I PERSONALLY, AND THE ENTIRE LEADERSHIP, SHARE YOUR PAIN. WILLIAM: THIS MONTH, THE PENTAGON ESTIMATED THAT RUSSIA AND UKRAINE HAVE EACH HAD MORE THAN 100,000 TROOPS KILLED OR WOUNDED. IN INDONESIA, OFFICIALS NOW SAY THAT 310 PEOPLE DIED IN THE POWERFUL EARTHQUAKE THAT STRUCK WESTERN JAVA EARLY THIS WEEK. THEY SAY 24 REMAIN MISSING. RESCUE TEAMS CONTINUED TO SCOUR THE DEBRIS TODAY FOR MORE

VICTIMS. THEY'RE FINDING MANY OF THE BODIES BURIED UNDER LANDSLIDES THAT WERE TRIGGERED BY THE QUAKE. HERE AT HOME, POLICE SAY A WALMART SUPERVISOR WHO KILLED SIX CO-WORKERS AND HIMSELF IN CHESAPEAKE, VIRGINIA, LEFT A SO-CALLED DEATH NOTE ON HIS PHONE. IN IT, THE SHOOTER CLAIMED HE'D BEEN MOCKED AND HARASSED AT WORK. THEN, HE WENT ON TO SAY, "SORRY EVERYONE BUT I DID NOT PLAN THIS. I PROMISE THINGS JUST FELL IN PLACE LIKE I WAS LED BY SATAN." AUTHORITIES ALSO SAY HE BOUGHT HIS WEAPON JUST HOURS BEFORE THE SHOOTING. UNIONS IN THE U.S. AND OTHER NATIONS CALLED ON AMAZON WORKERS TO STRIKE ON THIS BLACK FRIDAY. THE MAKE AMAZON PAY CAMPAIGN SAID WALKOUTS WERE PLANNED IN MORE THAN 30 COUNTRIES. IN GERMANY, THERE WERE DEMONSTRATIONS AT NINE OUT OF 20 AMAZON WAREHOUSES. ORGANIZERS CALLED FOR BETTER WAGES AND WORKING CONDITIONS, ESPECIALLY DURING THE HOLIDAYS. >> EVERYBODY IS LOOKING AT BLACK WEEK. THERE IS BLACK WEEK NOW, NOT

JUST BLACK FRIDAY. EVERYBODY IS LOOKING FOR BARGAINS HERE. BUT QUITE HONESTLY, THESE BARGAINS ARE MADE ON THE BACKS OF OUR COLLEAGUES. THEY JUST DON'T EARN ENOUGH MONEY FOR IT. WILLIAM:MAZON SAID IT DID NOT EXPECT THE STRIKES TO HAVE ANY EFFECT ON CUSTOMERS. PANIC-BUYING HIT GROCERY STORES AND DELIVERY APPS IN PARTS OF CHINA'S CAPITAL TODAY, AS DAILY COVID CASES HIT ANOTHER RECORD. IT CAME AMID RUMORS OF POSSIBLE LOCKDOWNS, WITH BEIJING OFFICIALS ORDERING FASTER CONSTRUCTION OF FIELD HOSPITALS AND QUARANTINE CENTERS. BUT ELSEWHERE IN BEIJING, NORMALLY BUSY STREETS WERE ALMOST EMPTY AS MANY PEOPLE AVOIDED CROWDED AREAS AND UNNECESSARY TRAVEL. IRAN'S POLITICAL UPHEAVAL HAS AGAIN SPILLED OVER AT SOCCER'S WORLD CUP. MASS PROTESTS HAVE ROCKED IRAN SINCE SEPTEMBER, WHEN A KURDISH WOMAN, MASSA AMINI, DIED IN POLICE CUSTODY. TODAY, PROTESTERS OUTSIDE A STADIUM IN QATAR WERE DOGG BY BACKERS OF IRAN'S GOVERNMENT WHO FILMED THEM, CHANTED, AND WAD IRANIAN FLAGS. >> WE HAVE HEARD THAT THE REGIME HAS SENT ABOUT 5000 OF ITS

SUPPORTERS FREE OF COST TO QATAR FOR THE WORLD CUP TO JUST SHOW SUPPORT FOR THE REGIME. WE HAVE HEARD ABOUT THAT. SO, I THINK THERE IS A VERY UNFAIR IMBALANCE BETWEEN THE SUPPORTERS OF IRAN, AND I DON'T THINK THEY SHOULD BE GIVEN THE RIGHT TO DO THIS. >> IRAN. >> CAN YOU STAY AWAY, PLEASE? >> ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF IRAN. WILLIAM: IN IRAN, STATE MEDIA REPORTED MORE HARD-LINE REVOLUTIONARY GUARDS ARE MOVING INTO KURDISH AREAS, AS THE GOVERNMENT'S CRACKDOWN ON PROTESTERS INTENSIFIES. WORLD CUP SPOILER ALERT HERE. THE U.S. AND ENGLAND PLAYED TO A SCORELESS DRAW IN THEIR MATCH TODAY. THE AMERICANS HELD THEIR OWN AGAINST THE FAVORED ENGLISH TEAMBUT MISSED A NUMBER OF CHANCES TO SCORE. NOW, THE U.S. SQUAD FACES IRAN ON TUESDAY IN A MUST-WIN MATCH IN ORDER TO ADVANCE TO THE NEXT ROUND. AND ON WALL STREET, A HOLIDAY-SHORTENED TRADING DAY ENDED WITH MIXED RESULTS. THE DOW JONES INDUSTRIAL ARAGE GAINED 153 POINTS TO CLOSE AT

34,347. BUT THE NASDAQ FELL 59 POINTS. AND THE S&P 0 SLIPPED ONE POINT. FOR THE WEEK, THE DOW WAS UP 1.8%. THE NASDAQ ADDED 0.7%. THE S&P WAS UP 1.5%. STILL TO COME ON THE NEWSHOUR, A SHORTAGE OF ADDERALL RAISES CONCERNS AMONG THOSE WHO RELY ON THE DRUG EVERY DAY. AUTHOR ANDREW WEISS DEBUNKS MYTHS OUT VLADIMIR PUTIN IN A NEW APHIC NOVEL. A MINNEAPOLIS RESTAURANT THAT'S REVIVING NATIVE AMERICAN CUISINE PLUS, MUCH MORE. >> THIS IS THE PBS NEWSHOUR FROM WETA STUDIOS IN WASHINGTON, AND IN THE WEST FROM THE WALTER CRONKITE SCHOOL OF JOURNALISM AT ARIZONA STATE UNIVERSITY. WILLIAM: MANY OF US SPENT A LOT OF TIME AT THE GROCERY STORE THIS WEEK PREPARING FOR OUR THANKSGIVING MEALS. SOME OF THOSE STORES COULD BE IN FOR MAJOR CHANGES AFTER TWO OF

THE NATION'S LARGEST GROCERS ANNOUNCED PLANS TO BECOME ONE, POTENTIALLCREATING A NEW SUPERMARKET TITAN. JOHN YANG HAS MORE. CORRESPONDENT: WILLIAM, THE NEARLY $25 BILLION DEAL IS AN EFFORT TO COMPETE WITH RETAILERS LIKE WALMART, THE TOP U.S. GROCERY SELLER, AND AMAZON, WHICH IS EXPANDING ITS FOOD OPERATIONS. KROGER WANTS TO BUY ALBERTSONS, WHICH WOULD BRING TOGETHER SUCH WELL-KNOWN BRANDS AS SAFEWAY, RALPH'S, HARRIS TEETER, AND SHAW'S UNDER THE SAME CORPORATE UMBRELLA. 5000 STORES NATIONWIDE THAT WOULD SERVE AN ESTIMATED 85 MILLION HOUSEHOLDS. THAT IS ABOUT 13% OF THE MARKET. SAM SILVERSTEIN IS A REPORTER FOR GROCERY DIVE, WHICH COVERS THE GROCERY INDUSTRY. SAM, THANKS FOR BEING WITH US. HELP US PUT THIS IN PERSPECTIVE. HOW BIG A DEAL IS THIS? HAS THE GROCERY INDUSTRY EVER SEEN ANYTHING LIKE THIS? >> I GUESS YOU COULD SAY THIS IS AN UNPRECEDENTED TRANSACTION THAT THEY'RE PROPOSING. AND WHAT'S SO IMPORTANT HERE IS THAT SO MUCH ABOUT THE GROCERY INDUSTRY IS PERSONAL TO PEOPLE.

IT'S NOT JUST ABOUT BUSINESSES COMING TOGETHER. IN THIS CASE, IT REALLY IS ABOUT PEOPLE'S ACCESS TO FOOD AND THEIR PERCEPTION AND SENSE OF BEING ABLE TO GET IT WHEN THEY NEED IT AND AT PRICES THEY CAN AFFORD. SO, THE PANDEMIC REALLY PUT A SPOTLIGHT ON THIS ISSUE. OF COURSE, WHEN OTHER RETAILERS HAD TO CLOSE, YOUR LOCAL SUPERMARKET WAS OPEN. AND SO WORD THAT TWO OF THE LARGEST COMPANIES RUNNING SUPERMARKETS WANT TO GET TOGEER HAS A LOT OF PEOPLE TAKING NOTICE. AND IT'S NOT JUST WALL STREET AND IT'S NOT JUST REGULATORS. YOU HAVE POLITICIANS WEIGHING IN ON THIS. THEY WANT TO BE SURE THAT THEY'RE LOOKING AT THIS DEAL AND SAYING THAT THEY HAVE GOT CONSUMERS FRONT AND CENTER. CORRESPONDENT: LET'S TAKE THAT APART A LITTLE BIT. YOU TALKED ABOUT CONSUMER PRICES. KROGER SAYS THAT THIS WILL GENERATE OR CREATE SAVINGS. I THINK THEY ESTIMATED ABOUT $500 MILLION, AND THAT THEY'LL PLOW THAT INTO SAVINGS. HOW LIKELY IS THAT? >> I THINK THE WAY TO LOOK AT IT IS THAT THE JURY IS OUT ON THIS ONE.

IF YOU LOOK BACK ON THE WAY THAT GROCERY STORES HAVE COME TOGETHER IN THE PAST, I THINK YOU'VE SEEN A LOT OF TALK THAT WHEN THE STORES GET STRONGER AND HAVE MORE ECONOMIES OF SCALE, THAT THEY ARE ABLE TO BRING PRICES DOWN. ARE GOING TO LOOK AT THIS AND SAY IT MAKES A LOT OF SENSE THAT BRINGING TWO LARGE GROCERY CHAINS TOGETHER WOULD POSSIBLY BRING PRICES DOWN. BUT THE ISSUE IS THE EXTENT TO WHICH THEY'RE GOING TO BEBLE TO PASS COSTS ON TO CONSUMERS, OR THEY'RE GOING TO FEEL PRESSURE TO MAKE THE BUSINESS COMBINATION EVEN MORE PROFITABLE FOR THEM. AND THAT'S OBVIOUSLY A REALLY BIG PART OF THIS. CORRESPONDENT: HE ALSO MENTIONED WORKERS. A LOT OF POLITICIANS ARE WORRIED ABOUT WHAT HAPPENS TO LABOR. WHAT COULD HAPPEN OR WHAT IS LIKELY TO HAPPEN? >> KROGER AND ALBERTSONS HAVE SAID THIS PROBABLY COULD TAKE UNTIL 2024 TO CLOSE. AND THE REASON FOR THAT IS THAT THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT, PROBABLY THE FEDERAL TRADE COMMISSION, WILL GET VERY DEEPLY INVOLVED IN WHAT THE NEW COMPANY WOULD LOOK LIKE ONCE THE DEAL GOES THROUGH. WHAT WE'RE GOING TO BE SEEING

HAPPENING IS IN MARKET BY MARKET, REGULATORS ARE GOING TO BE LOOKING AND SEEING HOW MUCH OVERLAP IS THERE, HOW MUCH COMPETITION WOULD BE LOST IF THE GROCERY STORES THAT KROGER AND ALBERTSONS OWN HAPPENED TO BE UNDER THE SAME ROOF? AS PART OF THIS DIVESTITURE KIND OF STRATEGY THAT THE FTC WOULD BE USING TO EVALUATE AND ULTIMATELY PERHAPS APPROVE SOME KIND OF A MERGER HERE, WHAT YOU WILL SEE IS POTENTIALLY HUNDREDS OF STORES, MAYBE MORE, DEPENDS HOW IT ALL WORKS OUT, GETTING SOLD BY KROGER AND ALBERTSONS TO SOMEBODY ELSE. THEY PROPOSED A COMPANY THAT WOULD TAKE ON THOSE GROCERY STORES. THEY COULD BE SOLD TO OTHER BUYERS. BUT THE BOTTOM LINE IS, IN TERMS OF WHAT WOULD HAPPEN TO WORKERS, IT DEPENDS WHERE THOSE STORES GO . IF T COMPANIES, THAMIGHT WORK OUT WELL. BUT THERE IS PRECEDENT FOR THIS NOT WORKING OUT QUITE THAT WAY. ALBERTSONS AND SAFEWAY MERGED IN 2015, AND A LOT OF THE STORES THAT WERE DIVESTED AS PART OF THAT DEAL WENT TO A COMPANY THAT ULTIMATELY WASN'T ABLE TO STAY

AFLOAT. AND SO, MY POINT HERE IS THAT YOU REALLY COULD SEE WORKERS WORKING FOR STORES THAT DON'T HAVE A STRONG OWNER ANYMORE. WE'LL JUST HAVE TO SEE. CORRESPONDENT: YOU TALKED ABOUT THE PERSONAL RELATIONSHIP CONSUMERS HAVE WITH THEIR GROCERY STORE. THEY'RE GOING TO KEEP THE NAMES. THE OVERALL COMPANY MAY HAVE A NEW NAME, BUT E INDIVIDUAL STORES ARE GOING TO REMAIN THE SAME. WILL THE INDIVIDUAL CONSUMERS SEE MUCH DIFFERENCE? >> EVEN THOUGH YOU HAVE ALL OF THESE DIFFERENT BRANDS YOU MENTIONED IN THE INTRO TO THIS PIECE, BOTH KROGER AND ALBERTSON'S OWN BETWEEN THE DOZENS OF WHAT ARE CALLED BANNERS. LIKE ACME OR KROGEITSELF, OR ALBERTSONS OR SAFEWAY, OR WHATEVER NAME YOU WANT TO THINK OF. PEOPLE DON'T NECESSARILY SENSE THAT THOSE ARE ACTUALLY TOGETHER, PART OF ONE OR ANOTHER VERY LARGE COMPANY THAT GOES BACK TO THE HISTORY OF THE GROCERY INDUSTRY. PEOPLE HAVE CONNECTIONS WITH THEIR LOCAL GROCERY STORES.

AND WE'VE SEEN THAT EVEN AS MERGERS HAVE TAKEN PLACE OVER THE YEARS, THAT THE LARGE GROCERS WANT TO KEEP THAT BRAND EQUITY AND INDIVIDUAL MARKETS. SO I THINK IT'S LIKELY THAT YOU WILL SEE MOST OR ALL OF THESE BRANDS STICKING AROUND EVEN AFTER ANY KIND OF MERGER IS DONE. AND THAT'S HAPPENED IN THE PAST WHEN GROCERY COMPANIES HAVE COME TOGETHER, SOLD STORES, WHATEVER IT HAPPENS TO BE. THE BRANDS STAY INTACT. CORRESPONDENT: SAM SILVERSTEIN OF GROCERY DOVE, THANK YOU VERY MUCH. >> WELL, IT'S A PLEASURE. THANKS FOR HAVING ME. WILLIAM: THERE IS A NATIONAL SHORTAGE OF THE DRUG ADDERALL, WHICH IS USED TO TREAT ATTENTION DEFICIT DISORDERS. MANUFACTURING DELAYS, LOW SUPPLY, AND RISING DEMAND HAS LEFT THOSE WHO RELY ON THE DRUG EVERY DAY UNSURE ABOUT HOW OR WHEN THEY WILL BE ABLE TO GET THEIR MEDICATION. WE REACHED OUT TO PEOPLECROSS THE COUNTRY WHO HAVE HAD TROUBLE FILLING THEIR PRESCRIPTIONS RECENTLY. >> I'M ELAINE KOZINSKI THOMAS. I AM RETIRED. I LIVE IN MADISON, WISCONSIN.

I THOUGHT FOR SURE THIS LITTLE SNAFU THAT THEY WERE HAVING AT OUR PHARMACY WAS GOING TO BE FINE. I DIDN'T KNOW THAT IT WAS LIKE A NATIONAL SHORTAGE. IT WAS GONE. >> I'M VIOLET KAYAGA. I LIVE IN BROOKLYN, NEW YORK, AND I AM A FREELANCE FASHION DESIGNER. I TAKE MY MEDICATION TO LITERALLY JUST FUNCTION, TO BE WHAT SOCIETY WOULD CONSIDER A NORMAL PERSON. SO THAT MEANS I NEED MY MECATION TO DO MY LAUNDRY. I NEED MY MEDICATION TO COMPLETE MY TASKS. I NEED MY MEDICATION TO WORK. I NEED MY MEDICATION JUST TO GET OUT OF BED AND SHOWER AND TO FEED MY CAT. >> MY NAME IS KATY SLATER, AND I LIVE IN KANSAS, AND I AM A STAY AT HOME MOM. YOU HAVE TO ALMOST PHARMACY SHOP TO SEE WHO HAS THE SUPPLY, THE RIGHT DOSAGE, THE RIGHT SUPPLIES.

AND THAT DEFINITELY IS HARD BECAUSE IT LOOKS BAD. >> THE PHARMACY DOESN'T HAVE THE DOSAGE. I NEED 10 MILLIGRAMS, AND SO I'M BREAKING THE TABLETS IN HALF AND TRYING TO STRETCH THEM OUT. >> RIGHT NOW, I'M LOOKING FOR WORK. SO FOR ME, THAT LOOKS LIKE ME BEING TERRIFIED OF APPLYING FOR JOBS BECAUSE I KNOW WITHOUT MY MEDICATION, I'M NOT GOING TO BE ABLE TO KEEP MY JOB. >> THERE HAS BEEN TIMES WHERE I WASN'T ABLE TO GET IT AND I RELY ON THAT FOR THINGS LIKE DRIVING. IF I'M OUT OF MEDICINE, THAT WOULD BE WAY TOO DANGEROUS FOR ME TO DRIVE. MY KIDS HAVE CERTAIN ACTIVITIES GOING ON IN CERTAIN DAYS. AND IF THERE'S SUPPLY ISSUES, NOT TO COME UP WITH ANOTHER PLAN. AND IT'S HARD. THEY'RE YOUR KIDS. >> WHEN I DON'T HAVE IT, I FIND LIFE HARD ENOUGH WITHOUT IT. AND I DON'T THINK THAT PEOPLE

REALLY UNDERSTAND WHAT IT DOES. >> I WOULD JUST LIKE PEOPLE TO CONSIDER THAT CHILDREN WITH ADHD GROW INTO ADULTS WITH ADHD. AND THERE'S A LOT OF US OUT THERE. AND OF COURSE THE KIDS ARE STRUGGLING, BUT THERE'S A LOT OF ADULTS THAT RELY ON THIS MEDICATION AND WE'RE STRUGGLING AS WELL. AND IT'S NOT JUST A SMALL THING. YES. I'M NOT GOING TO DIE IF I DON'T HAVE MY MEDICATION. BUT THE LIFE THAT I LEAD WITHOUT MY MEDICATION TO ME IS NOT A LIFE WORTH LIVING. WILLIAM: CLEARLY, PEOPLE ARE STRUGGLING AMID THE SHORTAGE. LET'S DISCUSS THIS FURTHER WITH DR. CRAIG SURMAN. HE'S AN ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR OF PSYCHIATRY AT HARVARD MEDICAL SCHOOL AND THE SCIENTIFIC COORDINATOR OF THE ADULT ADHD RESEARCH PROGRAM AT MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL. DR. SURMAN, VERY GOOD TO HAVE YOU ON THE NEWSHOUR. WE JUST HEARD FROM WOMEN WHO ARE CLRLY STRUGGLING NOT HAVING THEIR ADDERALL MEDICATION TO TREAT THEIR ADD DISORDERS.

FOR PEOPLE WHO ARE NOT FAMILIAR WITH EITHER THE MEDICATION OR THE CONDITION, COULD YOU GIVE US A QUICK PRIMER ON THEM? >> ATTENTION DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER SYNDROME IS RECOGNIZED AS A DISABILITY UNDER FEDERAL LAW. IT'S A HARDWIRED PATTERN OF BRAIN FUNCTION. AN NATIONAL DATA BIG U.S. SUGGESTS ABOUT ONE IN 10 SCHOOL AGED CHILDREN MEET CRITERIA, WHILE 4% OF ADULTS CONTINUE TO HAVE SYMPTOMS. AND IT MANIFESTS AS CHALLENGES GETTING TO, STICKING WITH, AND FINISHING TASKS AND ORGANIZING LIFE ACTIVITIES. ADDERALL IS ONE OF A FEW MEDICATIONS APPROVED BY THE FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION THAT JUST REDUCES THE OVERWHELM AND REDUCES THE CHALLENGES PEOPLE HAVE. AS PART OF A TREATMENT PLAN, IT REALLY DOES MAKE A HUGE DIFFERENCE IN PEOPLE'S LIVES. WILLIAM: WE HEARD A LITTLE BIT FROM THOSE WOMEN ABOUT WHAT EXPERIENCES THEY ARE FEELING ABOUT NOT HAVING THESE MEDICATIONS. CAN YOU TELL ME A LITTLE BIT MORE? WHAT ARE THE CONSEQUENCES FOR

SOMEONE WHEN THEY SUDDENLY DON'T HAVE ACCESS TO THAT MEDICATION? >> WITHDRAWAL HAPPENS WITH SOME OF THE MEDICATIONS WE USE TO TREAT ADHD IN THE STIMANT CLASS, WHICH ADDERALL IS IN. AND RITALIN IS A GENERIC NAME FOR A GENERIC PRODUCT CALLED METHYLPHENIDATE, WHICH IS QUITE SIMILAR. THAT CLASS OF MEDICINE OFTEN PRODUCES TIREDNESS, FATIGUE, OR WORSE. OR WORSE, MOOD AND PERSONALITY CHANGES IN PEOPLE. AND IDEALLY, TREATMENT IS SUSTAINABLE, AND NOT GOING TO START AND STOP, BUT AS PEOPLE HAVE LEARNED, PEOPLE NEED TO HAVE PLAN B'S. WILLIAM: THERE IS A CONCEPTION OUT THERE THAT WE AS A SOCIETY ARE OVERPRESCRIBING THESE MEDICATIONS, ESPECIALLY TO YOUNG PEOPLE. THAT IS A SLIGHTLY SEPARATE ISSUE TO THIS SHORTAGE ISSUE, BUT I WONDER IF YOU COULD TAKE ON THAT CONCEPT. DO YOU THINK THAT IS AN ISSUE THAT WE AS A SOCIETY ARE FUNNELING TOO MANY OF THESE DRUGS OUT THERE INTO THE WORLD?

>> BUT I CAN SAY IS THAT IT IS HARDER TO DO LESS CONVENIENT THINGS. BEHAVIORAL THERAPIES ARE HARD TO COME BY AND PEOPLE MAY HAVE TO SELF-GUIDE THEIR WAY THROUGH STRATEGIES, ENVIRONMENTAL ACCOMMODATIONS, GETTING ACCOMMODATION WITH THEIR EMPLOYER OR AT SCHOOL. AND PARTICULAR GROUPS ALSO SEEM TO BE MORE VULNERABLE TO RISK OF OVER-DIAGNOSIS OR TREATMENT. FOR CHILDREN, YOUNGER AGE WITHIN GRADE, LEADS TO HIGHER RATES OF DIAGNOSIS. AND THERE ARE SOME SUBGROUPS IN SOCIETY THAT SEEM TO HAVE LESS ACCESS TO BEHAVIORAL THERAPIES WHICH MAY ALLEVIATE SYMPTOMS. SO THE STORY IS A COMPLEX ONE WHERE THERE'S PROBABLY BOTH OVER AND UNDER DIAGNOSIS AND IT DEPENDS UPON THE PARTICULAR CIRCUMSTANCE. SO THIS IS THE CHALLENGE ON A SOCIAL LEVEL TO UNDERSTAND HOW TO ALLOCATE THESE RESOURCES AND PEOPLE ARE LEFT DOING THEIR OWN RESEARCH TO FIGURE IT OUT. WILLIAM: ONE OTHER THING THAT PEOPLE HAVE MENTIONED AS A POSSIBLE DRIVER OF THESE

SHORTAGES IS THE GROWTH OF THESE NON-DOCTOR PRESCRIBING WEBSITES WHERE YOU CAN GO AND SIGN UP AND SAY, I HAVE XYZ AND GET MEDICATIONS PRESCRIBED FOR YOU. DO YOU THINK THOSE SITES ARE CONTRIBUVE TO IT? THAT PEOPLE AREETTING PRESCRIPTIONS THAT DON'T NECESSARILY NEED THEM? >> I THINK THE BIGGE FACTOR IS AWARENESS THAT ADHD EXISTS, AND AS ONE OF THE INTERVIEWEES MENTIONED, IT'S REALLY ONLY IN THE LAST 15 TO 20 YEARS THAT ADULT ADHD HAS BEEN A CONCEPT THAT'S DIAGNOSABLE. SO WE SHOULDN'T BE SEEING RISING -- SO WE SHOULD BE SEEING RISING RATES OF DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT. BUT I THINK IT'S REALLY IMPORTANT THAT PEOPLE KNOW THERE'S A WAY THAT THEY CAN FIGURE OUT IF THE DIAGNOSIS IS BEING DONE. I WOULD RECOMMEND PEOPLE USE RESOURCES LIKE NIH, CDC, OR CHILDREN AND ADULTS WITH ADHD ONLINE TO ASK THEMSELVES, IS

THIS FITTING THE BILL OR DO I WANT TO CHANGE MY AIN VERSUS OTHER STRATEGIES? WILLIAM: WHAT DO YOU TELL YOUR PATIENTS AS FAR AS HOW LONG IT MIGHT BE BEFORE THIS MEDICATION BECOMES AVAILABLE? >> MY MAIN CONCERN IS THAT THEY MINIMIZE THE ANXIETY AND HAVE PLAN B'S, WHETHER IT IS OTHER MEDICATIONS THEY MIGHT GO TO, THAT THEY HAVE SOME SMALL STOCKPILE THAT THEY CAN USE OR THAT THEY CAN TAPER OFF OF MEDICATION AND BE OFF FOR A WHILE WHILE THEY FIGURE OUT WHAT IS A SUSTAINABLE PLAN FOR THEM. BUT UNFORTUNATELY, COLLABORATING WITH A PHARMACIST, COLLABORATING WITH A PRESCRIBER ENDS UP BECOMING THE WORK TO GET THESE TREATMENTS. WILLIAM: DR. CRAIG SURMAN, THANK YOU FOR BEING HERE. >> MY PLEASURE. WILLIAM: THE CHEMICAL MERCURY IS CONSIDERED SO DANGEROUS TO HUMANS AND THE ENVIRONMENT THAT

MORE THAN 100 COUNTRIES HAVE AGREED TO TRY TO END ITS USE. BUT ACROSS THE WORLD, MILLIONS OF MINERS ARE STILL EXPOSED TO THE TOXIC METAL, INCLUDING IN ZIMBABWE, WHERE A MAJORITY OF MINERS DEPEND ON IT TO HELP THEM EXTRACT A MUCH MORE PRECIOUS METAL. NICK SCHIFRIN REPORTS IN COLLABORATION WITH THE GLOBAL PRESS JOURNAL. CORRESPONDENT: IN MUTARE IN EASTERN ZIMBABWE, IT'S A GOLDRUSH. UNREGISTERED ILLEGAL MINERS ARE BUSY AT WORK, SCOURING THE MUCK WITH ONLY THE TOOLS GOD GAVE THEM, HINGING THEIR HOPES ON A A SILVERY CHEMICAL. THEY USE LIQUID MERCURY. THEY HAVE NO IDEA IT'S TOXIC. 42-YEAR-OLD ADMIRE MUNJOMA HAS BEEN MINING FOR SIX ARS. DE -- >> WHEN IT COMES TO MERCURY, WE ARE NOT AWARE OF ANY DANGERS. THE ONLY THING I KNOW IS THAT MERCURY LOCATES GOLD. CORRESPONDENT: CEPAS KAMUSOND IS 24. >> WHEN IT COMES TO HEALTH ISSUES, WE REALLY DON'T HAVE A CLUE.

SOMETIMES WE PUT FOOD IN THE SAME DISHES THAT WE PUT MERCURY IN. >> WHEN I SPOKE TO THE MINERS ON THE GROUND, THEY INDICATED THAT THEY HAD NO IDEA THAT THE MERCURY THAT THEY WERE TOUCHING EVERY DAY, THE MERCURY THAT THEY WERE BREATHING EVERY DAY, POSED SOME DANGERS TO THEIR HEALTH. CORRESPONDENT: LINDA MUJURU IS AN INVESTIGATIVE JOURNALIST WITH THE GLOBAL PRESS JOURNAL. SHE'S REPORTED ON MERCURY USE IN GOLD MINING FOR MORE THAN FIVE YEARS. SHE SAYS HALF A MILLION UNREGISTERED MINERS HUNT FOR GOLD IN ZIMBABWE, AND MOST USE MERCURY. WITH CHILDREN SWIMMING IN THE BACKGROUND, THEY SIFT THROUGH RIVER ROCKS, HOPING TO PICK UP GOLD. THEY SWIRL THE ROCKS AROUND AND ADD MERCURY, WHICH CLINGS TO LD LIKE METAL TO A MAGNET. THE FIRE RELEASES TOXIC VAPORS, BUT IT ALSO HELPS SEPARATE THE MERCURY FROM THE GOLD. THE MINER'S ULTIMATE PRIZE, DESPITE THE PRICE TO THEIR HEALTH. WHAT DO THEY TELL YOU WHEN YOU TELL THEM IT'S DANGEROUS? >> SOME OF THEM WERE GRATEFUL FOR THIS INFORMATION. THEY INDICATED THAT SINCE NOW THEY KNOW OF THE DANGERS THAT WAS POSED BY MERCURY IN THE

MINING PROCESSES, THEY WERE NOT GOING TO STOP MINING. THE REASON WHY IS THAT THEY HAVE NO ALTERNATIVES IN TERMS OF SURVIVAL. CORRESPONDENT: LIKE 37-YEAR-OLD CLEMENCE TBO. HE ENDED UWITH MERCURY IN HIS BLOOD. >> I WOULD WAKE UP WITH A RASH ON MY FACE, NO TASTE IN MY MOUTH, THEN I WOULD HAVE DELAYED SPEECH AND MEMORY LOSS. SO, THIS KEPT WORSENING OVER TIME UP UNTIL I BECAME MUTE. THE DOCTOR TOLD ME I WAS VERY LUCKY TO BE ALIVE. HAD IT BEEN SOMEONE ELSE, THEY WOULD HAVE DIED. CORRESPONDENT: BUT HE REFUSED HIS DOCTOR'S SUGGESTED TREATMENT. >> I THEN ASKED HIM OF THE BEST WAY TO GET RID OF HEAVY METAL INSIDE MY BLOOD, AND HE SAID, STAY AWAY FROM MERCURY. THIS WAS HARD FOR ME TO ACCEPT BECAUSE THIS IS MY JOB. CORRESPONDENT: ZIMBABWE RATIFIED A UN CONVENTION THAT PHASES OUT MERCURY, AND HAS ITS OWN LAW THAT BANS MERCURY IN OR NEAR RIVERS. T GOLD IS VITAL TO ZIMBABWE'S ECOMY. IT'S ZIMBABWE'S LARGEST EXPORT,

AND 60% COMES FROM THESE UNREGISTERED MINERS. >> THE GOVERNMENT IS PRIORITIZING THE ECONOMIC SIDE OF IT, BUT ALSO NOT PRIORITIZING THE HEALTH SIDES, THE CONSEQUENCES THAT MERCURY HAS ON PEOPLE. CORRESPONDENT: THE GOVERNMENT ACKNOWLEDGES THAT. DANMORE NHUKARUME DIRECTS METALLURGY IN ZIMBABWE'S MINISTRY OF MINES AND MINING DEVELOPMENT. >> THE CONVENTION DOES NOT SAY THAT YOU MUST ELIMINATE THE USE OF MERCURY, BECAUSE IF WE DID THAT, THE LIVELIHOODS OF THESE MINERS YOU'RE TALKING ABOUT, WHO ARE STILL USING THE MERCURY WOULD NOW BE -- THEY HAVE TO FIND SOME OTHER SOURCE OF LIVELIHOOD. CORRESPONDENT: THERE ARE ALTERNATIVES WITH NEW TECHNOLOGY. BUT ZIMBABWE'S GOVERNMENT SAYS THEY NEED MORE MONEY FROM THE U.N. AND MORE TIME. >> IT HAS REALLY TRANSFORMED FROM MERCURY REDUCTION TO MERCURY ELIMINATION. WE WILL MOVE WITH THE MINERS IN THE COMMUNITIES, AND WE CAN ONLY

DO THAT TOGETHER. WE CANNOT JUST PRESCRIBE THAT. CORRESPONDENT: BUT THE GOVERNMENT FAILS TO IMPLEMENT ITS OWN BAN, DESPITE KNOWING THE HEALTH RISKS. >> WHEN I VISITED THE AREAS THAT ARTISANAL MINERS ARE OPERATING FROM, WE SEE THAT THEY USE MERCURY UPSTREAM, BUT DOWNSTREAM WOMEN AND CHILDREN, THEY FISH, THEY USE THE WATER FOR DRINKING, FOR BATHING, FOR COOKING, AND SO FORTH. SO IT'S NOT REALLY ABOUT THE MINERS, IT IS ABOUT THE COMMUNITY OR THE MINING IS TAKING PLACE. CORRESPONDENT: AND THE RISKS THAT MERCURY POSES ARE MULTI-GENERATIONAL. DR. JOSEPHAT CHIRIPANYANGA IS A SURGEON. >> OUR MAIN WORRY IS THE CHILDREN AND PREGNANT MOTHERS. THEY'RE THE ONES THAT ARE MOST AFFECTED. IF A WOMAN IS PREGNANT AND THE BABY THAT THEY ARE CARRYING IS AFFECTED BY THE CYANIDE AND

MERCURY, THEY COULD BE BORN WITH CONGENITAL DEFORMITIES, BIRTH DEFECTS. CORRESPONDENT: BUT UNTIL THERE IS AN ALTERNATIVE, THESE UNREGISTERED MINERS WILL CONTINUE TO FLIRT WITH FATAL CONSEQUENCES. FOR THE PBS NEWSHOUR, I'M NICK SCHIFRIN. WILLIAM: NEXT WEEK, LAWMAKERS COME BACK TO WASHINGTON, D.C., GEARING UP FOR A BUSY LAME DUCK SESSION BEFORE REPUBLICANS TAKE CONTROL OF THE HOUSE. FOR ANALYSIS OF THAT AND MORE, IT IS TIME FOR BROOKS AND CAPEHART. THAT'S NEW YORK TIMES COLUMNIST DAVID BROOKS AND JONATHAN CAPEHART, ASSOCIATE EDITOR FOR THE SHINGTON POST. THANK YOU FOR BEING HERE. NICE TO SEE YOU. DAVID, I WANT TO START WITH YOU FIRST. THE TRAGEDIES WE SAW THIS WEEK, TWO MORE MASS SHOOTINGS, OTHERS WE DIDN'T EVEN PAY ATTENTION TO IN THE PRESS, THERE WAS ONE POINT WHERE WE HAD SEVEN MASS SHOOTINGS IN SEVEN DAYS THIS WEEK.

WE HAVE A CULTURAL PROBLEM, IT SEEMS, IN THIS COUNTRY WHERE TROUBLED YOUNG MAN FEEL THE ONLY WAY TO EXORICSE WHATEVER DEMONS THEY HAVE IS TO TAKE A GUN AND HEARD AS MANY PEOPLE AS THEY CAN. DO YOU SEE THERE IS ANY WAY OUT OF THAT? DAVID: THIS IS OBVIOUSLY A PROBLEM THAT IS CENTURIES IN THE MAKING AND THE FIRST PLACE. WE ARE A GUN CULTURE. WE HAVE A LOT OF GUNS OF THIS COUNTRY, TOO MANY GUNS IN THIS COUNTRY, SO I THINK THAT IS THE PRIMARY CAUSE OF WHY THIS HAPPENS IN AMERICA MORE THAN OTHER PLACES. BUT IT COMBINES WITH ANOTHER PROBLEM THAT IS AT LEAST DECADES LONG, WHICH YOU CAN CALL EXTREME SOCIAL ISOLATION. TONS OF STUDIES HAVE BEEN DONE ON THE SORT OF MEN WHO DO THIS SORT OF THING, AND WHAT YOU FIND IS A CULTURE OF COMPLETE INVISIBILITY. THEY ARE UNSEEN AT SCHOOL, UNSEEN AROUND THEIR NEIGHBORHOODS, UNSEEN -- ONE RESEARCHER SAID, THEY ARE NOT LONERS, THEY ARE FAILED JOINERS. THEY WANT TO HAVE A SOCIAL LIFE, BUT FOR ONE REASON OR ANOTHER

THEY CANNOT HAVE IT. THEY HAVE TO MAKE A CHOICE, IS THE PROBLEM ME OR IS THE PROM SOCIETY? THE ONES WHO KILLED ASIDE THE PROBLEM IS SOCIETY, AND THEY ARE GOING TO TAKE IT OUT ON SOCIETY. SOME OF THE RESEARCHERS SAYOU OUNKMURDER-SUICIDE, THAT THEY HE DECIDED TO COMMIT SUICIDE AND THEY HAVE DONE IT IN A WAY THAT WILL GIVE THEM WHAT THEY CRAVE, WHICH IS RECOGNITION. THE GUN ITSELF, FOR SOMEONE WHO FEELS IT IS A SIREN SONG, SAYING YOU CAN BE POWERFUL BY KILLING. SO THEY GO OFF, AND IT IS THE COMBINATION OF A SOCIETY THAT DOES NOT SEE A LOT OF PEOPLE WITHIN IT WITH A LOT OF GUNS. WILLIAM: BUT DID IS TALKING ABOUT IS A MUCH HARDER NOT TO CRACK. WE KNOW PRESIDENT BIDEN IS SAYING HE WANTS TO COME BACK TO WASHINGTON NEXT WEEK IN THIS LAME-DUCK SESSION AND TRY TO GET SOME FEDERAL LEGISLATION PASSED ON GUN CONTROL. DO YOU THINK THERE IS A CHANCE ANY OF THAT IS GOING TO HAPPEN? JONATHAN: NO. I REALLY WISH I COULD SAY YES, THAT WE COULD GET AN ASSAULT

WEAPONS BAN, EVEN A BACKGROUND CHECKS LAW, SOMETHING THAT WOULD DO SOMETHING ABOUT THE ACCESS TO GUNS. TO DAVID'S POINT ABOUT THIS MURDER-SUICIDE PACT, YOU WOULD NOT HAVE ESPECIALLY SUICIDE IF THESE LOAN YOUNG MEN DIDN'T -- LONE YOUNG MEN DIDN'T HAVE THE READY ACCESS TO GUNS THEY HAVE. I KEEP GOING BACK TO NEWTOWN AND THE SLAUGHTER OF THOSE BABIES AT SANDY HOOK ELEMENTARY. IF AMERICA AND ITS LEADERS COULD NOT COME TOGETHER TO DO SOMETHING TO CONTROL GUNS, TO DO SOMETHING ABOUT GUN SAFETY AFTER THE MURDER OF THOSE INNOCENT CHILDREN, THEN NOTHING WILL HAPPEN. BUT CONGRESS WAS ABLE TO DO LAST YEAR IS GREAT, BUT AS WE HAVE SEEN WITH UVALDE AND BUFFALO AND COLORADO SPRINGS AND VIRGINIA, WE KNOW THE PROBLEM IS THERE. WE ARE NOT GOING TO STOP MURDER,

SUICIDE, OR MASS SHOOTINGS. WHAT WE CAN DO IS LESSEN THEIR FREQUENCY AND LESSEN THE ABILITY OF THESE PEOPLE SEEKING RECOGNITION, LESSEN THEIR ABILITY TO GET THEIR HANDS ON GUNS. WILLIAM: DAVID, DO YOU SHARE THE PESSIMISM THAT ANY OF THAT IS GOING TO GET DONE IN THE LAME-DUCK? AND IF SO, WHAT ELSE WOULD YOU LIKE TO SEE THE PRESIDENT AND THE DEMOCRATS TRY TO GET DONE? DAVID: AS JONATHAN MENTIONED, WE HAD SOME NOT INSIGNIFICANT GUN LEGISLATION WITHIN THE PAST COUPLE OF YEARS. THAT WAS A PLEASANT SURPRISE. PRESIDENT BIDEN SPOKE ABOUT RED FLAGGING, FINDING SOMEONE WHO YOU THINK IS POTENTIALLY DANGEROUS AND AUTHORITIES WOULD BE ABLE TO TAKE GUNS AWAY. THAT WOULD TAKE A GIGANTIC CULTURE SHIFT IN THIS COUNTRY, A REVAMPING OF THE WAY WE THINK ABOUT PRIVACY, A REVAMPING OF THE WAY WE THINK ABOUT THE COMMON GOOD. I THINK IT WOULD BE GOOD TO NOT

ONLY HEAD OFF SHOOTINGS, BUT GOOD TO LIVE IN A SOCIETY WHERE WE CARED MORE ABOUT EACH OTHER. I WOULD BE WILLING TO GIVE UP CERTAIN PRIVACIES FOR THAT TO HAPPEN. FOR MANY AMERICANS, THAT WOULD JUST BE A MASSIVE CULTURAL SHIFT TO REGARD COMMUNITY AND REGARD OUR COMMON GOOD IN A MORE EUROPEAN-STYLE. I THINK IT WOULD BENEFIT OUR SOCIETY IN A WHOLE RANGE OF AREAS, BUT IT IS HARD TO SEE THIS KIND OF CULTURE CHANGE TO A SOCIETY THAT HAS BEEN PRETTY INDIVIDUALISTIC FOR A LONG TIME. WILLIAM: JONATHAN, WHAT DO YOU THINK? IF YOU'RE PESSIMISM HOLDS TRUE, AND THAT IS JUST NOT HAPPENING, WHAT WOULD YOU LIKE TO SEE THE DEMOCRATS REALLY FOCUS ON? JONATHAN: IN TERMS OF GETTING SOMETHING DONE IN THE LAME-DUCK? WITHOUT QUESTION, THEY HAVE TO DO SOMETHING ABOUT THE DEBT CEILING. THEY HAVE TO DO SOMETHING ABOUT KEEPING THE GOVERNMENT ON BECAUSE IT RUNS OUT OF MONEY IN THE MIDDLE OF DECEMBER. AND THERE'S ALSO THE NDAA, THE DEFENSE AUTHORIZATION BILL. THOSE THINGS WILL PROBABLY GET

MUSHED TOGETHER. THEY HAVE TO DO SOMETHING ABOUT THE DEBT CEILING BECAUSE IF THE GLOBAL FINANCIAL STRUCTURE IMPLODES BECAUSE THE UNITED STATES FOR THE FIRST TIME IN ITS HISTORY DOESN'T PAY ITS BILLS ON TIME, THEN ALL THESE OTHER THINGS DON'T MATTER. THEY WILL NOT MATTER. THERE ARE OTHER THINGS. THERE IS IMMIGRATION AND OTHER THINGS. SENATOR MANCHIN'S REGULATION BILL THAT HE WANTS TO GET VOTED ON. THERE ARE ALSO THINGS THAT ARE ON THEIR PLATES. BUT THERE IS ONLY SO MUCH TIME THAT THEY HAVE. AND LET'S NOT FORGET, THERE IS A GEORGIA RUNOFF ON DECEMBER 6, WHICH IS EATING INTO THE BUSINESS DAYS THAT CONGRESS HAS TO GET STUFF DONE. WILLIAM: ONE OF THE THINGS THE GOP LEADERSHIP HAS SAID THEY WOULD CONSIDER WHEN IT TAKES CONTROL OF THE HOUSE IS TO RESTRICT OR CUT OFF AID TO UKRAINE IN ITS FIGHT AGAINST THE RUSSIANS. DO YOU THINK THAT IS A REAL THREAT? WHAT THEY ACTUALLY DO THAT? IF SO, WHAT WOULD TT MEAN FOR UKRAINE'S ABILITY TO HOLD THE

RUSSIANS OFF? DAVID: THERE ARE SOME IN THE REPUBLICAN PARTY WHO ARE ENTERTAINING THAT IDEA. I THINK THERE ARE MORE PEOPLE IN THE INDUSTRIAL COMPLEX ENTERTAINING THAT IDEA. I THINK IT IS UNLIKELY THE REPUBLICAN PARTY WOULD CUT OFF AID. I THINK MOST REPUBLICANS STRONGLY SUPPORT AID TO UKRAINE. BUT IT IS AN ARGUMENT FOR DOING UKRAINE AID IN THE LAME-DUCK SESSION WHEN THERE IS CLEARLY SUPPORT. THAT WOULD BE NUMBER ONE OF MY LIST OF WHAT COULD HAPPEN OVER THE NEXT FEWONTHS. JUST PASSING SIGNIFICANT UKRAINIAN AID THAT WOULD CARRY OVER TO THE NEXT YEAR. THE OTHER THING I WOULD ADD IS THELECTORAL COUNT ACT, THE REFORM OF THAT, AND THAT COULD TAKE AWAY SOME LOOPHOLES TRUMP AND OTHERS TRIED TO CAPITALIZE ON, ON JANUARY 6. FINALLY, THE DREAMERS WOULD BE ON MY LIST. I AM NOT SURE JONATHAN MENTIONED HOW LITTLE TIME THERE IS, BUT THERE IS SO MUCH TO BE DONE. I WOULD LIKE TO SEE THEM CRAM A LITTLE IN THERE. [LAUGHTER] WILLIAM: JONATHAN, ONE OF THE OTHER ISSUES, SPEAKING OF THIS CRAMPED PERIOD OF TIME, IS THE

FINAL JANUARY 6 SUPPORT. WE KNOW IT IS APPARENTLY GOING TO THE PRINTERS AS EARLY AS NEXT WEEK. DO YOU THINK WHEN THAT FINAL REPORT LANDS, HOWEVER LARGE A PHONEBOOK THICKNESS IT IS, THAT IT WILL HAVE SOME KIND OF WEIGHT TO IT. WILL IT CARRY MORE IMPACT I THINK IT WILL --JONATHAN: I THINK IT WILL. THOSE HEARINGS ARE EFFECTIVE AT WEAVING A NARRATIVE AND SHOWING THE AMERICAN PEOPLE HOW CENTRAL DONALD TRUMP WAS TO AN ATTEMPTED COUP AGAINST THE UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT. WHAT THE REPORT WILL SHOW I HOPE IS THE OTHER WEBS THAT LEAD OUT FROM DONALD TRUMP. WHAT ABOUT THE MONEY? WHAT ABOUT THE PROUD BOYS AND THE OATH KEEPERS? WHAT ABOUT THESE OTHER PEOPLE AND ENTITIES THAT WERE INVOLVED IN THE STATES? THIS WAS NOT A RAGTAG GROUP OF PEOPLE THAT DECIDED TO DO THIS.

THIS WAS ORCHESTRATED. THERE IS THE NARRATIVE, THEN THERE IS THE FOOTNOTES. IT IS THE FOOTNOTES WHERE THERE WILL BE MUCH MORE REPORTING AND CONTEXT GIVEN TO WHAT HAPPENED ON JANUARY 6. WILLIAM: DO YOU THINK THIS WILL HAVE SOME WEIGHT? THE DEMOCRATS LIKE TO ARGUE THAT MIDTERMS SHOWED PEOPLE REALLY DID CARE ABOUT THREATS TO DEMOCRACY, THAT BIDEN HAD ARGUED ABOUT IT AND WAS SOMEWHAT RIDICULED FOR. THEY SAID TO MY PEOPLE REALLY DID CARE. THAT IS THE COLONEL OF THE REPORT. DO YOU THINK IT WILL LAND? DAVID: I SHOULD SAY THAT JUST BECAUSE I WENT TO THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO DOES NOT MEAN I AM SUCH A NERD ABOUT FOOTNOTES. [LAUGHTER] I REALLY DO THINK -- I WAS AN EARLY SKEPTIC OF THE COMMITTEE, BUT WHEN YOU LOOK AT THE ELECTION RESULTS, IT IS CLEAR THAT EVEN IF PEOPLE SAID THEY

DID NOT VOTE ON GENERALLY SIX, THEY DID VOTE ON DEMOCRACY. THERE HAS BEEN SOME CRITICISM THE COMMITTEE HASEEN OVERLY TRUMP FOCUSED. IF THE ACCOUNT LANDS AND WE SE THE TENTACLES, HOW THE WHOLE MOVEMENT WAS ORGANIZED, I THINK THAT WOULD BE MINORLY NEW. IT WILL BE INTERESTING IF THE REPUBLICANS DECIDE TO RELITIGATE. AN PTY WANTS THEM TO INVESTIGATE LIKE THINGS ON THE ORDER OR FENTANYL TWO? OR WILL THEY INVESTIGATE THE THINGS DONALD TRUMP WANTS TO INVESTIGATE? AND ALL SORTS OF OTHER STUFF. I AM CURIOUS WHAT INVESTIGATORY STRATEGY THERE IS. WILLIAM: BEFORE WE LET YOU GO, WHAT DO YOU THINK? JONATHAN: I THINK WE ARE IN A BETTER PLACE TO LOOK RADICALLY THEN WE WERE A YEAR AGO. ON A PERSONAL NOTE, WE ALL HAVE ROUGH YEARS. I HAD A ROUGH YEARS WITH THREE

SIGNIFICANT DEBTS, INCLUDING MARK SHIELDS AND MICHAEL THURSTON. I AM THANKFUL FOR LIFE AND THE PEOPLE WE GET TO ENJOY. WILLIAM: BEAUTIFUL. JONATHAN: TO THAT, I AM THANKFUL FOR LOL FUNNY WRITING LIKE THIS. SHAKIRA TELLS US THAT HER HIPS DON'T LIE. MY HIPS ARE MUTE. AND ALSO, THERE ARE TIMES THAT ARE JUST AWKWARD. LIKE AT A NAS CONCERT WHEN A SEVEN FOOT TALL WOMAN CAME UP TO ME AND ASKED, WHAT ON EARTH ARE YOU DOING HERE? THOSE ARE THE WORDS OF DAVID BROOKS IN HIS COLUMN THAT IS IN THE PAPER TODAY. IT IS THAT KIND OF FUNNY WRITING THAT HAS A DEEPER MEANING AND UNDERSTANDING, AND UNDERSTANDING IS WHAT I AM THANKFUL FOR AS A READER BUT ALSO AS AN AMERICAN AND HAS A COLLEAGUE OF DAVID'S. WILLIAM: SO NICE TO SEE YOU. THANKS FOR BEING HERE. DAVID: SEE YOU AT THE NAS CONCERT, JONATHAN. [LAUGHTER] WILLIAM: AS THE UNITED STATES AND OTHER COUNTRIES TRY TO HELP

UKRAINE DEFEAT THE RUSSIAN INVASION OF THEIR COUNTRY, THERE HAS BEEN A RENEWED FOCUS ON THE MAN WHO STARTED THIS INVASION, RUSSIAN PRESIDENT VLADIMIR PUTIN. WHO IS HE? WHERE DID HE COME FROM? AND WHAT DOES HE WANT? NICK SCHIFRIN IS BACK, AND HE TALKS TO AN AUTHOR WHO BRINGS A FRESH PERSPECTIVE TO PUTIN'S STORY. CORRESPONDENT: THERE HAS BEEN A LOT OF ATTENTION ON WHAT RUSSIA WILL DO NEXT IN THE WAR IN UKRAINE. COULD PRESIDENT PUTIN ESCALATE WITH NUCLEAR WEAPONS? WHAT TERMS COULD PUTIN ACCEPT TO END THE WAR? WILL THE RUSSIANS CONTINUE TO FIGHT NO MATTER WHAT? BUT PUTIN'S MOTIVATIONS RUN MUCH DEEPER THAN THESE ULTIMATE DECISIONS. TO BETTER UNDERSTAND PUTIN'S MOTIVATIONS AND THE HISTORY THAT HELPED SHAPE THEM, ANDREW WEISS, CARNEGIE ENDOWMENT VICE PRESIDENT AND FORMER NATIONAL SECURITY COUNCIL STAFF, STATE DEPARTMENT, AND DEFENSE DEPARTMENT OFFICIAL HAS WRITTEN A NEW GRAPHIC NOVEL WITH ART BY BRIAN BOX BROWN CALLED "ACCIDENTAL CZAR: THE LIFE AND LIES OF VLADIMIR PUTIN." THANKS SO MUCH. WELCOME BACK TO THE NEWSHOUR. >> THANKS FOR HAVING ME.

CORRESPONDENT: THERE ARE A LOT OF BOOKS ABOUT PUTIN, BUT NONE THAT, AS FAR AS WE COULD TELL, THAT IS A GRAPHIC NOVEL. WHY DID YOU WRITE A GRAPHIC >> --A GRAPHIC NOVEL? >> VLADIMIR PUTIN IS A FASCINATING CHARACTER AND HE'S BEEN IN THE PUBLIC EYE FOR MORE THAN TWO DECADES. BUT A LOT OF THIS IS DELIBERATELY EITHER SHROUDED IN MYSTERY, LIKE WHAT MAKES THE MAN TICK. AND A LOT OF IT'S CONSTANTLY BEING EMBELLISHED. AND I THOUGHT IT WAS REALLY IMPORTANT TO PULL THE MYTHS APART AND TRY TO TELL PEOPLE WHO VLADIMIR PUTIN ACTUALLY IS, BUT SITUATED IN A BIGGER CONTEXT. BEING ABLE TO STRETCH THINGS OUT AND SHOW PEOPLE WHAT THE INSTITUTION OF BEING THE CZAR IS AND HOW PUTIN IN MANY WAYS HAS BECOME A LATTER DAY CZAR, WAS A KEY DRIVING FORCE BEHIND PUTTING THIS TOGETHER. CORRESPONDENT: AS I JUST SAID, YOU WRITE THAT THAT YOU PURSUED THIS BOOK SO THAT WE COULD BETTER UNDERSTAND PUTIN'S MOTIVATIONS, ALONG WITH THE HEAVY BURDEN OF HISTORY THAT HELPED SHAPE THEM. DO YOU THINK THE WORLD DOESN'T UNDERSTAND HIS MOTIVATIONS OR THE HISTORY THAT SHAPED HIM? >> WELL, THINK ABOUT VLADIMIR PUTIN'S PERSONAL STORY. HIS FAMILY BARELY SURVIVED WORLD WAR II. HIS MOTHER WAS PLUCKED OFF A

CART CARRYING CORPSES. AND HIS FATHER CAME BACK FROM THE FRONT AND FOUND HER BARELY ALIVE. HE NEVER MET HIS OLDER BROTHER, WHO DIED DURING THE WAR AND WAS BURIED IN A MASS GRAVE. SO, THE OVERALL HISTORY OF TRAUMA FOR PEOPLE OF HIS GENERATION, WE SHOULDN'T UNDERESTIMATE IT. BUT WHAT WE SHOULDN'T FORGET IS THE LEVEL OF OPPORTUNISM AND THE EXTENT TO WHICH PUTIN TWISTS THINGS AROUND ABOUT RUSSIA'S HISTORY, PARTICULARLY THE RELATIONSHIP WITH UKRAINE, IN WAYS THAT ARE ENTIRELY SELF-SERVING AND THAT BASICALLY ALLOW HIM TO JUSTIFY THE COURSE HE'S TAKEN RUSSIA DOWN. CORRESPONDENT: AND THE COUNTRY THAT HE HAS CREATED, THE COURSE THAT HE HAS TAKEN RUSSIA DOWN PERHAPS IS PERSONIFIED BY ONE PIECE OF ART THAT I WANT TO SHOW IN THE IMAGE HERE. THIS IS A PYRAMID. AND YOU WRITE, "RUSSIA IS A SOCIETY THAT OPERATES ON THE BASIS OF PERSONAL TIES, NOT INSTITUTIONS OR THE RULE OF LAW." WHAT DO YOU MEAN? >> THINK ABOUT HOW VLADIMIR PUTIN WAS PUT IN POWER IN THE FIRST PLACE. THE YELTSIN FAMILY WAS WORRIED ABOUT ITS SAFETY, AND THEY WANTED TO FIND A LOYAL PERSON

WHO WOULD MAKE SURE THAT THEY DIDN'T FACE ANY ACCOUNTABILITY FOR THEIR ILL-GOTTEN GAINS DURING BORIS YELTSIN'S TUMULTUOUS PRESIDENCY. AND THEY PLUCKED THIS PERSON FROM OBSCURITY WHO THEY THOUGHT WOULD LIVE UP TO AN UNWRITTEN UNDERSTANDING TO PROTECT THEM. AND THAT IS INDEED WHAT VLADIMIR PUTIN DID. CORRESPONDENT: THE VERY FIRST SCENE OF THE BOOK IS NOT ACTUALLY IN CHRONOLOGICAL ORDER. IT'S AN INCIDENT DURING A KGB TRAINING PROGRAM THAT SHOWS HOW MUCH OF A HOTHEAD PUTIN WAS. WHY DID YOU START THERE? >> WELL, VLADIMIR PUTIN HAD DREAMED OF BEING IN THE KGB HIS WHOLE LIFE, STARTING AS A TEENAGER. HE WAS OBSESSED WITH THE POP CULTURE OF THE TIME, WHICH GLORIFIED THE KGB. WHEN HE FINALLY MADE IT, HE HAD TO SPEND 10 YEARS IN THE BOWELS OF THE KGB. HE DID THESE JOBS LIKE IN THE H.R. DEPARTMENT. HE WORKED IN COUNTERINTELLIGENCE. HE WORKED IN A PROVINCIAL CENTER, LENINGRAD. NONE OF THIS WAS THE MARK OF A HIGH FLIER. AND THEN, AFTER WAITING 10 YEARS, HE FINALLY GOT INTO THE TRAINING PROGRAM THAT HE DREAMED HIS WHOLE LIFE THAT WOULD OPEN THE DOOR TO AN OVERSEAS ASSIGNMENT. D THEN HE UNRAVELED HIS OWN CAREER BECAUSE HE GOT INTO A

FIGHT ON A SUBWAY TRAIN IN THE MIDDLE OF THE WEEKEND WHEN HE WAS HOME VISITING LENINGRAD. AND IT BASICALLY LED TO HIM BEING, WE THINK, PUSHED OUT OF THE TRAINING PROGRAM EARLY AND SENT TO A BACKWATER ASSIGNMENT IN EAST GERMANY, IN DRESDEN. SO, PEOPLE WHO'VE GONE ON TO THIS IMAGE THAT THE PUTIN IS SOME JAMES BOND SUPER SPY HAVE BEEN MISLED. THIS IS A PERSON WHOSE OWN IMPULSIVITY AND EMOTIONALISM NEARLY DERAILED HIS CAREER. CORRESPONDENT: IN FACT, YOU POINT OUT AT ONE POINT THAT HE FAMOUSLY PORTRAYED HIMSELF AS A TOUGH GUY, ESPECIALLY DURING 1999 IN CHECHNYA, AND SAID THAT HE WOULD PURSUE TERRORISTS EVEN AS THEY WENT TO THE TOILET, EVEN IN THE OUTHOUSE. THIS THE TOUGH GUY IMAGE AND ACT? >> THERE'S A GREAT MOMENT IN THE BOOK WHERE PUTIN IS BEING ASKED TO DO THESE TOUGH GUY THINGS AND WHAT AT THE TIME WAS IMPORTANT TO THE KREMLIN'S IMAGE MASTERS WAS TO CONTRAST HIM WITH THE BOOZE HOUND BORIS YELTSIN AND TO SH THAT RUSSIA WAS IN A SAFE PAIR OF HANDS. AND THEY PLAYED UP ALL OF THIS ACTION HERO IMAGERY.

HE HAD TO BE PUSHED TO BE THE COARSE, TOUGH GUY. IT WASN'SOMETHING HE NATURALLY FELT COMFORTABLE DOING. AND THEN, THE PROBLEM FOR US, WE WEREN'T REALLY IN ON THE JOKE. AND SO OVER TIME, ALL OF THIS IMAGERY OF PUTIN WITH HIS SHIRT OFF OR PUTIN CARRYING GUNS AND STUFF LIKE THAT, WE'VE TAKEN IT TO HEART AND NOT SEEN THE CARTOONISH QUALITY. IT'S IMPOSSIBLE TO DISENTANGLE. CORRESPONDENT: YOU POINT OUT WHAT PUTIN WANTS ESSENTIALLY IS REGIONAL INFLUENCE AND TO BE PART OF THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS, I THINK, AS YOU PUT IT. DOESN'T THAT SUGGEST THAT THAT HE DOES HAVE LEGITIMATE CONCERNS ABOUT UKRAINE BECOMING A MEMBER OF NATO? CORRESPONDENT: -- >> THERE'S SOMETHING ABOUT UKRAINE THAT DRIVES PUTIN INTO PAROXYSMS OF SELF-INJURY. HE'S LOST UKRAINE THREE TIMES IN 2004 DURING THE ORANGE REVOLUTION, 2014 DURING THE REVOLUTION OF DIGNITY, AND NOW MOST SPECTACULARLY AND HORRIBLY IN THIS HORRIBLE WAR. AND THE QUESTION IS, WHY IS IT SO IMPORTANT TO HIM? WHAT IS IT AND I THINK IT COMES BACK TO THE ILLITERACY ABOUT HISTORY, A SENSE THATYOU KNOW, AS HE'S WRITTEN --

CORRESPONDENT: HIS ILLITERACY. >> HIS ILLITERACY, THAT, YOU KNOW, RUSSIANS AND UKRAINIANS ARE SOMEHOW THE SAME, TWO, A COMPLETE INABILITY TO UNDERSTAND THE AGENCY OF INDIVIDUALS AND THE ABILITY OF INDIVIDUALS TO TAKE OWNERSHIP OF THEIR FUTURE. THE WAY THE PEOPLE OF UKRAINE HAVE. IT WAS THEIR VOTE IN 1991 IN A REFERENDUM THAT WAS THE DEATH KNELL FOR THE SOVIET UNION. AND THEN AGAIN, THEY CAME OUT ON THE STREETS TO DEFEND THEIR FREEDOM AND THEIR INDEPENDENCE. AND NOW, WE SEE THEM FIGHTING FOR THEIR COUNTRY AND INCREDIBLE BRAVERY AND VE DANGEROUS CIRCUMSTANCES. AND PUTIN KEEPS THINKING, OH, IT'S ALL JUST AN ACT. THERE'S NO REAL COUNTRY HERE. CORRESPONDENT: YOU CALL IT PSEUDO HISTORY. BUT THIS QUESTION HAS BEEN ASKED PRESIDENT BIDEN AND OTHERS IS, -- IN OTHERS. IS PUTIN RATIONAL? >> THERE ARE PARTS OF HIS BEHAVIOR WHERE HE DOESN'T BEHAVE ENTIRELY RATIONALLY. AND I THINK THAT'S WHY THE NUCLEAR SABER RATTLING IS SO CONCERNING RIGHT NOW, BECAUSE WE DON'T KNOW IF HE'S CORNERED, WHAT'S HE GOING TO DO? AND SO THERE'S THIS FUNNY SCENE IN THE BOOK WHEN HE'S A KID CHASING RATS AROUND THE CORRIDORS OF HISILAPIDATED

APARTMENT BUILDING, AND HE CORNERS A RAT WITH A STICK AND HE'S TRYING TO CHASE THIS RAT OUT, AND THE RAT JUMPS ON HIM AND PUTIN LEARNS THIS IMPORTANT LESSON, BASICALLY, DON'T CORNER A RAT. AND THE STORY ITSELF IS KIND OF AMBIGUOUS BECAUSE AS A KID, PUTIN BACKED OFF. HE SORT OF GOT THE POINT THAT HE WAS CORNERED. NOW THAT PUTIN'S BEEN IN POWER FOR 20 YEARS AND HE IS THIS IMPORTANT FIGURE ON THE GLOBAL STAGE, WE JUST DON'T KNOW WHERE HE'LL BACK OFF. CORRESPONDENT: ANDREW WEISS, THANK YOU VERY MUCH. >> THANK YOU. WILLIAM: TODAY IS NATIVE AMERICAN HERITAGE DAY. ONE RESTAURANT IN MINNESOTA IS HIGHLIGHTING THAT HERITAGE EVERY SINGLE DAY BY REVIVING AND REIMAGINING THE FOOD TRADITIONS THAT DISAPPEARED WHEN EUROPEAN SETTLERS CAME TO NORTH AMERICA. IN THIS ENCORE REPORT, SPECIAL CORRESPONDENT FRED DE SAM LAZARO VISITED THE RESTAURANT. IT'S PART OF HIS SERIES "AGENTS FOR CHANGE" AND OUR ARTS AND CULTURE SERIES, "CANVAS." CORRESPONDENT: THE CITY OF MINNEAPOLIS HAS ITS ROOTS IN

FLOUR MILLING, ITS MISSISSIPPI RIVERFRONT TODAY DOTTED WITH ICONS OF THAT HERITAGE. BUT A NEW CENTERPIECE OF THIS HISTORIC DISTRICT IS AN ENTERPRISE WITH A VERY DIFFERENT TAKE ON THAT HISTORY. ♪ >> THERE WAS A REALLY IMPORTANT. SO, FOR US, IT'S AN ACT OF RECLAMATION, BECAUSE WE'RE ABLE TO BRING THE TRUE NAMESAKE OF THIS SPACE BACK. CORRESPONDENT: THAT NAMESAKE IS SEAN SHERMAN'S RESTAURANT CALLED OWAMNI, SWIRLING WATER IN THE DAKOTA LANGUAGE, AND NAMED AFTER THE MUCH HIGHER WATERFALLS THAT EXISTED BEFORE INDUSTRIALIZATION BROUGHT DAMS. FOR SHERMAN AND HIS LIFE AND -- THE RESTAURANT OPENING WAS TIMELY, BROADENING THE CONVERSATION ABOUT RACIAL EQUITY IN A CITY STILL RECOVERING IN THE AFTERMATH OF GEORGE FLOYD'S MURDER. >> THE FACT THAT IT HAPPENED DURING A PANDEMIC, AFTER THE UPRISING, AND ALL THE DIFFERENT LAYERS OF COMPLEXITY, IT'S BEEN A REALLY IMPORTANT PLACE TO HEAL, TO HAVE SPACE TO HAVE THESE REALLY HARD CONVERSATIONS

ABOUT RACE AND CULTURE AND FOOD AND EQUITY AND SUSTAINABILITY. CORRESPONDENT: THE MORE IMMEDIATE CONVERSATION, HOWEVER, HAS BEEN ABOUT THE FOOD. THE VERDICT IS? >> WOW. >> AMAZING FLAVORS. >> THAT'S AMAZING. >> REALLY GOOD. >> DELICIOUS. CORRESPONDENT: OWAMNI'S WIDE ARRAY OF INGREDIENTS HAS SOME THAT HAVE BEEN REVIVED AFTER GENETIONS. AND ALL OF THEM ARE PRE-COLONIAL. THAT MEANS NO CHICKEN, NO PORK, NO DAIRY, AND IN A CITY THAT CALLS ITSELF THE MILL CITY, NO WHEAT. >> AND WE'RE JUST TRYING TO EP IT REALLY SIMPLE. CORRESPONDENT: SHERMAN SAYS HIS RECIPES COMBINE SIMPLE FLAVORS AND TEXTURE, RABBIT ON A BED OF KALE, VENISON TARTARE, BRAISED BISON GARNISHED WITH DANDELION GREENS. SIMPLE PERHA TO EARN A NOMINATION FOR BEST PSODT , GO ENOUGHNEW RESTAURANTS BEARD FOUNDATION. FROM PATRONS WE SPOKE WITH, TWO THUMBS UP.

>> IT'S NATURALLY GLUTEN-FREE AND DAIRY-FREE. AND THE FOOD WAS JUST ABSOLUTELY SPECTACULAR. >> I'M EXCITED ABOUNATIVE PEOPLE RECLAIMING THEIR HERITAGE AND SHARING IT WITH US, BECAUSE WE HAVE A LOT TO LEARN FROM THE PEOPLE WHO WERE HERE BEFORE US. CORRESPONDENT: OR RELEARN, SAYS MATTHEW TEUTIMEZ, A DINER FROM CALIFORNIA. >> IN LOS ANGELES, WE HAVE BEEN SO REMOVED FROM OUR ABILITY TO HAVE OUR INDIGENOUS FOODS THAT WE COULD NOT HAVE A MEAL LIKE THIS. CORRESPONDENT: HE'S A BIOLOGIST FOR THE KIZH-GABRIELENO BAND OF MISSION INDIANS IN THE LOS ANGELES BASIN AREA AND WAS THRILLED TO SEE THINGSIKE CORN THAT'S BEEN NIXTAMALIZED OR TREATED IN AN ALKALINE SOLUTION. >> IT'S A PROCESS THAT OUR TRIBE DID FOR THOUSANDS OF YEARS. AND WHAT THIS IS, IS ACTUALLY, WITHIN GRAINS, SUCH AS ACORN, SUCH AS CORN, THEYAVE A LAYER THAT NEEDS TO BE REMOVED. SO, IN ORDER FOR THIS PRODUCT TO ACTUALLY BE NUTRITIOUS, YOU HAVE

TO REMOVE THAT. EVERY TRIBE HAD THIS COMPONENT. IT WAS LIKE OUR CHICKEN SOUP. CORRESPONDENT: A FAR CRY FROM CONDITIONS ACROSS INDIAN COUNTRY TODAY, SAYS SHERMAN. >> OUR FOCUS IS INDIGENOUS COMMUNITIES. SO, SOME OF THESE COMMUNITIES CAN HAVE UPWARDS TO 60% TYPE 2 DIABETES BECAUSE OF THE NUTRITIONAL ACCESS THAT THEY HAVE AROUND FOODS. CORRESPONDENT: OWAMNI IS THE LATEST CHAPTER FOR THOMPSON, WHOSE HERITAGE IS DAKOTA, AND SHERMAN, WHO'S OGLALA LAKOTA, AND THEIR SIOUX CHEF ENTERPRISE, AS AN S-I-O-U-X. >> YOU WANT ME TO SIGN THIS BOOK FOR YOU? CORRESPONDENT: HIS COOKBOOK WITH THAT TITLE WON A JAMES BEARD AWARD IN 2018. THEY ALSO RUN A NONPROFIT THAT INCLUDES THE INDIGENOUS FOOD LAB, PROVIDING EDUCATION AND TRAINING.EV P TSOFRNDPEEAEW ALPL. >> LE ALL OF OUR BISONS COMING OUT OF CHEYENNE RIVER, AND WE'RE GETTING A LOT OF FISH FROM A COUPLE OF THE NORTHERN ANISHIABEG TRIBES, LIKE RED LAKE AND RED CLIFF. AND WE'RE JUST REALLY TRYING TO CREATE A DEMAND. >> WE'RE CONTINUING TO BUILD

THEM UP. THAT'S A BIG CORE PART OF OUR NONPROFIT IS ACTING AS AN ENTREPRENEUR GENERATOR. CORRESPONDENT: SOMEDAY, THOSE ENTREPRENEURS COULD INCLUDE STAFFERST OWAMNI, WHERE INDIGENOUS PEOPLE ARE IN THE MAJORITY. DARRYL MONTANA MOVED HERE FROM LOS ANGELES INITIALLY JUST TO TRAIN AT THE NONPROFIT. THEN, HE WAS OFFERED A JOB HERE. >> SO, I BASICALLY PACKED UP EVERYTHING AND MOVED TO MINNEAPOLIS FOR THIS UNIQUE AND EXCITING OPPORTUNITY. CORRESPONDENT: WHAT DO YOU SEE YOURSELF DOING IN 10 YEARS OR 20 YEARS? >> I WOULD ACTUALLY LIKE JUST TO KEEP SPREADING THE WORD ABOUT OUR INDIGENOUS MEALS AND OUR INDIGENOUS CHEFS AND OUR INDIGENOUS COOKING. GOING BACK TO WHAT OUR FOREFATHERS GREW UP ON, WHAT THEY FORAGED, WHAT THEY HUNTED, HOW IT WAS 100 TIMES MORE HEALTHIER THAN WHAT EY'RE EATING NOW. PROCESSED AND SODIUM-BASED, JUST HEALTHY FOOD. >> I AM GOING TO PLAY IT RIGHT NOW.

CORRESPONDENT: EDWARD LONEEAGLE IS ANOTHER ALUMNUS OF THE INDIGENOUS FOOD LAB. >> I'M OJIBWE FROM RED LAKE, MINNESOTA. GROWING UP, I ALWAYS WANTED TO MAKE INDIGENOUS FOODS. I REALLY DIDN'T KNOW MUCH ABOUT IT. JUST COOKING WITH PRIDE. CORRESPONDENT: ALEXA WYATT, WHOSE HERITAGE INCLUDE SHAWNEE AND QUAPAW, IS THEVENTS MANAGER AT OWAMNI. >> BRINGING MY GRANDMOTHER UP HERE FROM OKLAHOMA, THAT HAPPENED A FEW MONTHS AGO. AND I WATCHED HER CRY WHEN SHE WAS EATING ONE OF THE DISHES. AND SHE'S LIKE, THIS REMINDS ME OF WHEN I WAS A CHILD. >> AND WE'RE JUST KIND OF SETTING FORTH A PATH OF HOW WE CAN STEWARD INDIGENOUS KNOWLEDGE, RECLAIM INDIGENOUS KNOWLEDGE, AND PRACTICE IT IN REAL TIME, AND BE A ROLE MODEL FOR WHAT THAT LOOKS LIKE RIGHT NOW TODAY, AND DOING IT THROUGH SOMETHING AS SIMPLE -- I WOULDN'T SAY SIMPLE, BUT SOMETHING LIKE A RESTAURANT, WHICH IS FAR FROM SIMPLE. [LAUGHTER] CORRESPONDENT: IT'S A HEAVY LIFT. NEW RESTAURANTS, LIKE MOST SMALL BUSINESSES, HAVE A HIGH FAILURE RATE. AT OWAMNI, SO FAR, SO GOOD, SAY THOMPSON AND SHERMAN. THERE HASN'T BEEN A DAY SINCE OPENING THAT THEY HAVE NOT BEEN FULLY BOOKED.

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welcome to Amanpour & Co. Here's what's coming up. Our special show on the life and legacy the last leader of the Soviet Union, his impact on Russia and on the world with Nina Khrushcheva, who joins us from Moscow. historian and great-granddaughter of Nikita Khrushchev, plus. - History is a fickle lady and you can expect surprises from history. I do know that I did what I did and that I can be wrong. - [Christina] Gorbachev in his own words. We look back at my revealing interviews with him, then. - Mr. Gorbachev tear down this wall. [audience cheering] - How this Soviet leader forever transformed Russian and US relations. I speak to the former US Ambassador to Moscow,