PBS NewsHour; September 21, 2021, 3:00pm-4:00pm PDT

- To learn more, visit - safetyactioncenter.pge.com - Captioning sponsored by - NEWSHOUR PRODUCTIONS, LLC - >> Woodruff: GOOD EVENING. - I'M JUDY WOODRUFF. - ON THE NEWSHOUR TONIGHT: - AN ERA OF UNCERTAINTY. - PRESIDENT BIN ADDRESSES WORLD - LEADERS AT THE UNITED NATIONS. - WE TALK WITH BILL GATES ABOUT - THE THREATS OF COVID AND - CLIMATE CHANGE. - THEN, A GRIM MILESTONE. - THE UNITED STATES SURPASSES - THE NUMBER OF LIVES LOST TO THE - 1918 FLU. - WE REFLECT ON THE DIFFERENT - RESPONSE TO A PANDEMIC TODAY. - AND, BACK TO PRISON. - HOW INMATES SENT TO DO THEIR - TIME AT HOME DURING THE PANDEMIC - NOW FACE A RETURN TO JAIL. - >> THERE'S NO WAY THAT YOU COULD - PRACTICE SOCIAL DISTANCING WHEN - YOU GOT TWO MEN, AND SOMETIMES - THREE MEN, INSIDE OF A CELL, - STACKED ON TOP OF ONE ANOTHER.

- >> Woodruff: ALL THAT AND MORE, - ON TONIGHT'S PBS NEWSHOUR. - >> MAJOR FUNDING FOR THE PBS - NEWSHOUR HAS BEEN PROVIDED BY: - ♪ ♪ ♪ - >> PEDIATRIC SURGEON. - VOLUNTEER. - TOPIARY ARTIST. - A RAYMOND JAMES FINANCIAL - ADVISOR TAILORS ADVICE TO HELP - YOU LIVE YOUR LIFE. - LIFE, WELL-PLANNED. - >> FOR 25 YEARS, CONSUMER - CELLULAR'S GOAL HAS BEEN TO - PROVIDE WIRELESS SERVICE THAT - HELPS PEOPLE COMMUNICATE AND - CONNECT. - WE OFFER A VARIETY OF - NO-CONTRACT PLANS, AND OUR - U.S.-BASED CUSTOMER SERVICE TEAM - CAN HELP FIND ONE THAT FITS YOU. - TO LEARN MORE, VISIT - www.consumercellular.tv. - >> JOHNSON & JOHNSON. - >> BNSF RAILWAY. - >> B.D.O. - ACCOUNTANTS AND ADVISORS.

- >> FIDELITY WEALTH MANAGEMENT. - >> THE JOHN S. AND JAMES L. - KNIGHT FOUNDATION. - FOSTERING INFORMED AND ENGAGED - COMMUNITIES. - MORE AT KF.org. - >> AND WITH THE ONGOING SUPPORT - OF THESE INSTITUTIONS: - AND INDIVIDUALS. - >> THIS PROGRAM WAS MADE - POSSIBLE BY THE CORPORATION FOR - PUBLIC BROADCASTING. - AND BY CONTRIBUTIONS TO YOUR PBS - STATION FROM VIEWERS LIKE YOU. - THANK YOU. - >> Woodruff: PRESIDENT BIDEN - TODAY DELIVERED HIS FIRST SPEECH - TO THE UNITED NATIONS AS PART OF - ITS ANNUAL GENERAL ASSEMBLY. - MOST WORLD LEADERS ARE BACK IN

- PERSON THIS YEAR, AFTER LAST - YEAR'S LARGELY VIRTUAL EVENT. - MR. BIDEN TOUTED DIPLOMACY AND - THE ENDURANCE OF DEMOCRACY, AS - HE FACES TENSIONS WITH OLD - ALLIES, AND GLOBAL CHALLENGES - LIKE COVID AND CLIMATE CHANGE. - NICK SCHIFRIN IS IN NEW YORK - TONIGHT. - >> Schifrin: IN THE LARGEST - INTERNATIONAL SUMMIT IN - TWO YEARS, PRESIDENT BIDEN - SAID HE WAS LAUNCHING A NEW ERA - OF AMERICAN DIPLOMACY. - >> I STAND HERE FOR THE FIRST - TIME IN 20 YEARS, THE UNITED - STATES NOT AT WAR. - AS WE LOOK AHEAD, WE WILL LEAD, - ON ALL THE GREATEST CHALLENGES - OF OUR TIME: FROM COVID TO - CLIMATE, PEACE AND SECURITY, - HUMAN DIGNITY AND HUMAN RIGHTS. - BUT WE WILL NOT GO IT ALONE. - >> Schifrin: AND THE PRESIDENT - TRIED TO REASSURE A SKEPTICAL - WORLD THAT AMERICAN DEMOCRACY - WAS RELIABLE. - >> THE AUTHORITARIANS OF THE - WORLD, MAY SEEK TO PROCLAIM THE - END OF THE AGE OF DEMOCRACY. - BUT THEY'RE WRONG. - THE TRUTH IS, THE DEMOCRATIC - WORLD IS EVERYWHERE. - DEMOCRACY REMAINS THE BEST TOOL - WE HAVE TO UNLEASH OUR FULL

- HUMAN POTENTIAL. - >> Schifrin: BUT TODAY, THE - DECIDEDLY-UNDEMOCRATIC TALIBAN - CONTROL AFGHANISTAN, AND MANY - SENIOR WESTERN EUROPEANS SAY THE - U.S. ISN'T LISTENING TO ITS - ALLIES-- OVER AFGHANISTAN, COVID - VACCINE INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY, - TRUMP-ERA TARIFFS STILL IN - PLACE, AND LAST WEEK'S - ANNOUNCEMENT THE U.S. AND U.K. - WOULD PROVIDE NUCLEAR-PROPELLED - SUBMARINES TO AUSTRALIA. - YESTERDAY, FRANCE'S FOREIGN - NISTER, JEAN-YVES LE DRIAN, - SAID BIDEN'S POLICY WAS NO - DIFFERENT THAN TRUMP'S "AMERICA - FIRST." - >> ( translated ): WE THOUGHT - UNILATERALISM, UNPREDICTABILITY, - BRUTALITY, AND NOT RESPECTING - YOUR PARTNER WAS PART OF THE - PAST. - BUT IT CONTINUES. - AND CONTRARY TO EVERYTHING THAT - IS BEING SAID OPENLY AND IN - PUBLIC, THIS IS WHAT IS - SURPRISING AND SHOCKING. - >> Schifrin: AMERICAN OFFICIALS - BELIEVE THE DISPUTE WILL BLOW - OVER, AND TODAY, PRESIDENT BIDEN - AND AUSTRALIAN PRIME MINISTER - SCOTT MORRISON TRIED TO REASSURE - EUROPE. - >> WE SHARE SO MANY - LIKE-MINDED INTERESTS. - >> Schifrin: THOSE INTERESTS ARE - INCREASINGLY FOCUSED ON CHINA. - THE U.S. SEES CHINA'S MILITARY

- MODERNIZATION, TECHNOLOGICAL - EXPANSION, AND PREDATORY TRADE - PRACTICES AS THE WEST'S - PREEMINENT CHALLENGE. - TODAY, PRESIDENT BIDEN NEVER - MENTIONED "CHINA," BUT IT WAS - THE SPEECH'S SUBTEXT. - >> WE'LL STAND UP FOR OUR ALLIES - AND OUR FRIENDS, AND OPPOSE - ATTEMPTS BY STRONGER COUNTRIES - TO DOMINATE WEAKER ONES. - BUT WE'RE NOT SEEKING-- - A NEW COLD WAR, OR A WORLD - DIVIDED INTO RIGID BLOCS. - >> Schifrin: THE U.S. SEEKS TO - COLLABORATE WITH CHINA OVER - CLIMATE CHANGE. - TODAY, PRESIDENT BIDEN DOUBLED - TO $11 BILLION THE U.S.' - CONTRIBUTION TO DEVELOPING - COUNTRIES TO BECOME MORE - RESILIENT AND DEVELOP GREEN - ENERGY. - BUT, CHINA HAS LARGELY REBUFFED - U.S. EFFORTS TO COLLABORATE. - ON IRAN, THE ISLAMIC REPUBLIC - HAS BROKEN THROUGH MANY OF THE - RESTRICTIONS SET BY THE IRAN - NUCLEAR DEAL, AND THE U.K. SAYS - IRAN HAS “NEVER BEEN THIS CLOSE - TO HAVING THE ABILITY TO DEVOP - NUCLEAR WEAPONS.” - TODAY, PRESIDENT BIDEN - REITERATED THE U.S.' WILLINGNESS - TO DROP SANCTIONS IF IRAN COMES - BACK INTO COMPLIANCE, BUT IRAN'S - UNINTERESTED IN RESUMING STALLED - TALKS IN GENEVA UNTIL THE U.S. - TAKES UNILATERAL MOVES, NEWLY - ELECTED PRESIDENT IBRAHIM RAISI - ID TODAY VIA VIDEO. - >> ( translated ): THE UNITED

- STATES HAS NOT YET DISCHARGED - ITS OBLIGATION, WHICH IS LIFTING - SANCTIONS. - IT HAS ENCROACHED UPON THE - AGREEMENT, WITHDRAWN FROM IT, - AND LEVIED EVEN MORE SANCTIONS - ON OUR PEOPLE. - >> Schifrin: FOR MUCH OF THE - DAY, THE THEME WAS UNITY TO - FIGHT COVID AND CLIMATE. - BUT U.N. SECRETARY GENERAL - ANTONIO GUETERRES WARNS, THE - WORLD IS FAILING TO UNITE. - >> INSTEAD OF HUMILITY IN THE - FACE OF THESE EPIC CHALLENGES, - WE SEE HUBRIS. - INSTEAD OF THE PATH OF - SOLIDARITY, WE ARE ON A DEAD END - TO DESTRUCTION. - >> Woodruff: AND WITH ME NOW - FROM JUST OUTSIDE THE UNITED - NATIONS IS OUR FOREIGN AFFAIRS - CORRESPONDENT NICK SCHIFRIN, AND - OUR WHITE HOUSE CORRESPONDENT - YAMICHE ALCINDOR, FROM THE - NORTH LAWN. - SO, NICK, AS YOU POINT - OUT, IT WSN'T JUST - PRESIDENT BIDEN, IT WAS - DOZEN OF WORLD LEADERS WHO - SPOKE TODAY.

- GIVE US A SENSE OF SOME OF - THE BROADER THEMES THAT - RAN THROUGH THE DAY. - >> Reporter: WELL, THOSE - THEMES REALLY POINT TO - WHAT YOU HEARD FROM - ANTONIO GUTERRES, THERE AT - THE END, THAT THE WORLD - WANTS, INDEED NEEDS, UNITY - OVER COVID AND CLIMATE. - WITHOUT DRASTIC CHANGE, - CLGGLOBAL WARMING WILL BECOME - A REALITY. - AND ONLY 4% OF AFRICA IS - VACCINATED. - NOW, BIDEN TAILORED SOME - OF HIS SPEECH TO THE - WORLDWIDE CONCERNS, - ESPECIALLY THAT PART OF - THE SPEECH WHEN HE GAVE - THE SPECIFIC DOLLAR AMOUNT - THAT THE U.S. WOULD GIVE - TO DEVELOPING COUNTRIES - FOR CLIMATE ADAPTATION. - PART OF ADDRESSING - CLIMATE, OF COURSE, IS THE - U.S. AND CHINA WORKING - TOGETHER. - YOU SAW THE PRESIDENT NOT - MENTIONING CHINA BY NAME. - AND THE CHINESE PRESIDENT - SPOKE AND PULLED HIS - PUNCHES THAT HE USUALLY - THROWS AGAINST THE U.S. - BUT THE RIFT, JUDY, IS - VERY REAL BETWEEN THE U.S. - AND FRANCE. - AND PRESIDENT BIDEN STILL - DOES NOT HAVE CONFIRMATION - THAT HE'LL BE ABLE TO - SPEAK TO FRENCH PRESIDENT

- EMMANUEL MACRON. - ONE LAST POINT: - U.N.-WATCHERS SAY THAT - THIS ASSEMBLY WAS ACTUALLY - RELATIVELY NORMAL. - DELEGATIONS WERE ABLE TO - INTERACT AND MEET WITH - EACH OTHER. - WHERE I AM IS NEW YORK - CITY. - THERE IS A VACCINE - MANDATE. - OVER TO MY RIGHT, PAST - THOSE GATES, IS - INTERNATIONAL TERRITORY. - THERE IS NO VACCINE - MANDATE THERE. - WE WANT TO SHOW YOU A - PHOTO. - BOLSENARO, PROUDLY - UNVACCINATED SPOKE FIRST - THIS MORNING, BUT BECAUSE - HE IS UNVACCINATED IN NEW - YORK CITY, HE IS NOT ABLE - TO GO INTO THIS RESTAURANT - TO ENJOY HIS NEW YORK - SLICE OF PIZZA. - >> Woodruff: AN - INTERESTING SIDE NOTE. - YAMICHE, TO YOU, THIS WAS - PRESIDENT BIDEN'S FIRST - APPEARANCE AT THE U.N. - AFTER FOUR YEARS OF FORMER - PRESIDENT TRUMP. - HOW DID PRESIDENT BIDEN, - IN A SENSE, TRY TO USHER - IN HIS OWN WORLD VIEW - COMING AFTER HIS - PREDECESSOR? - >> Yamiche: WELL, - PRESIDENT BIDEN IN HIS - FIRST APPEARANCE BEFORE - THE U.N. AS A PRESIDENT IN - THIS SPEECH WAS REALLY

- TRYING TO TURN THE PAGE - AWAY FROM THE TRUMP ERA - AND TOWARDS HIS VISION OF - THE WORLD. - NOW, NICK JUST MENTIONED - IT WAS SEEN AS NORMAL BY - U.N.-WATCHERS, AND THAT IS - NOT ANY WAY THAT SOMEONE - WOULD DESCRIBE THE U.N. - THAT FORMER PRESIDENT - TRUMP HAD GONE THROUGH, - COVERING THOSE OVER THE - YEARS. - WE SAW ALLIES, AS WELL AS - OPPONENTS OF THE U.S. - REALLY BEING ANGRY AT THE - FACT THAT THE PRESIDENT, - FORMER PRESIDENT TRUMP, - WOULD JUST SAY THINGS THAT - WERE OUTLANDISH. - AT ONE POINT HE WAS - LAUGHED AT BY THE U.N. - DURING HIS SPEECH WHEN HE - TALKED ABOUT THE IDEA HE - HAD ACCOMPLISHED MORE THAN - ANY OTHER ADMINISTRATION - IN U.S. HISTORY. - TODAY WHAT YOU SAW WAS THE - PRESIDENT, PRESIDENT - BIDEN, DOUBLING DOWN ON - HIS IDEA OF ENDING ENDLESS - WARS AND REALLY USHERING - THIS IDEA OF DIPLOMACY. - HE SAID THERE SHOULD NOT - BE VIOLENCE, AND INSTEAD, - POLITICAL NEGOTIATIONS AND - HE TALKED ABOUT THE - DIGNITY OF THE PEOPLE, AND - HELPING COUNTRIES LESS - THAN THE UNITED STATES. - HE FACES A NUMBER OF - DOMESTIC AND FOREIGN - CHALLENGES, INCLUDING - THOSE THAT WELCOMED HIM

- RIGHT WHEN HE GOT BACK TO - THE WHITE HOUSE, INCLUDING - THE MIGRANT SITUATION ON - THE BORDER WITH THE - HAITIAN MIGRANTS. - THERE ARE A LOT OF PEOPLE - WHO ARE STILL TRYING TO - FIGURE OUT WHAT HAPPENED - WITH THOSE AGENCIES USING - HORSE REINS AGAINST THE - MIGRANTS. - THEY WERE SAYING THAT THE - D.V.H.S. IS GOING TO HAVE - AN INVESTIGATION INTO - THAT. - >> Woodruff: SOMETHING - ELSE THAT PRESIDENT BIDEN - DID WHEN HE GOT BACK TO - THE WHITE HOUSE WAS A - MEETING WITH THE BRITISH - PRIME MINISTER BORIS - JOHNSON. - WHAT DO WE KNOW ABOUT THAT - MEETING? - >> Reporter: THE PRIME - MINISTER AND PRESIDENT - BIDEN TALKED ABOUT TRADE, - TALKED ABOUT THE IDEA OF - THE PRESIDENT REALLY BEING - INTO TH THE IDEA OF FIGHTING - CLIMATE CHANGE. - IT WAS A VERY, VERY - FRIENDLY CONVERSATION. - YOU SAW THE TWO LEADERS - USHER IN THIS IDEA THAT - THE U.S. AND THE U.K. ARE - ON THE SAME PAGE. - >> Woodruff: BACK TO - YOU, NICK, WE KNOW THAT - TODAY IS A KICKOFF OF A - FULL WEEK OF MEETINGS. - GIVE US A SENSE OF WHAT - ELSE TO EXPECT THIS WEEK. - >> Reporter: YEAH, THERE

- ARE TWO MEETINGS THIS WEEK - THAT ADMINISTRATION - OFFICIALS SAY WILL PROVE - AMERICAN INDISPENSABLE - LEADERSHIP. - JAPAN, U.S., INDIA, AT THE - WHITE HOUSE, AND IT IS THE - EXAMPLE OF WHAT U.S. - OFFICIALS WANT TO SEE IN - THE FUTURE ALLIANCE TO - TAKE ON CHINA, THAT IS - MOSTLY DIPLOMATIC, BUT CAN - BE USED FOR SOFT POWER, - INCLUDING VACCINE - DIPLOMACY. - AND TOMORROW THERE IS A - VIRTUAL COVID SUMMIT THAT - THE PRESIDENT WILL LEAD. - I'VE OBTAINED THE DRAFT. - GOALS FOR THAT SUMMIT IS - TO VACCINATE 70% OF THE - WORLD WITHIN ONE YEAR. - IT REQUIRES AN - ACCELERATION OF - PRODUCTION, DELIVERY, AND - A LOT OF MONEY THAT - DOESN'T EXIST. - TODAY ALSO ENSURING OXYGEN - SUPPLY, TESTING, - THERAPEUTICS, P.P.E. ALL - OVER THE WORLD, AND THE - CREATION OF A GLOBAL - HEALTH FUND FOR THE NEXT - PANDEMIC. - JUDY, IT IS THESE TWO - MEETINGS THAT WILL PROVE - WHETHER THE RHETORIC OF - GLOBAL UNITY THAT YOU - HEARD DAY GETS - TRANSLATED INTO ACTION.

- >> Woodruff: AND THE - ISSUES DON'T GET ANYMORE - IMPORTANT THAN THESE. - NICK SCHIFRIN REPORTING - FROM OUTSIDE THE UNITED - NATIONS, AND YAMICHE - ALCINDOR FROM OUTSIGHT OUTSIDE E - WHITE HOUSE. - THANK YOU BOTH. - >> Woodruff: IN THE DAY'S OTHER - NEWS, THE BIDEN ADMINISTRATION - STEPPED UP DEPTATIONS OF - HAITIAN MIGRANTS WHO'VE GATHERED - AT DEL RIO, TEXAS, ON THE BORDER - WITH MEXICO. - MORE FLIGHTS FROM THERE LEFT - FOR HAITI TODAY, WITH OTHERS SET - FOR TOMORROW. - AROUND 8,000 MIGRANTS REMAINED - AT DEL RIO, AS PRESIDENT BIDEN - PROMISED TO GET THINGS UNDER - CONTROL. - BUT, SOME FELLOW DEMOCRATS, - INCLUDING SENATE MAJORITY LEADER - CHUCK SCHUMER, CONDEMNED THE - DEPORTATIONS. - >> RIGHT NOW, I AM TOLD THERE - ARE FOUR FLIGHTS SCHEDULED, - TO DEPORT THESE ASYLUM SEEKERS - BACK TO A COUNTRY THAT CANNOT - RECEIVE THEM. - SUCH A DECISION DEFIES COMMON - SENSE. - IT ALSO DEFIES COMMON DECENCY - AND WHAT AMERICA IS ALL ABOUT.

- >> Woodruff: ALSO TODAY, THE - HEAD OF THE U.N. REFUGEE AGENCY - WARNED THAT THE MASS EXPULSIONS - MAY VIOLATE INTERNATIONAL LAW. - AND, TEXAS REPUBLICAN GOVERNOR - GREG ABBOTT BLAMED PRESIDENT - BIDEN'S POLICIES FOR ENCOURAGING - THE INFLUX OF MIGRANTS. - JOHNSON & JOHNSON SAYS A BOOSTER - FOR ITS SINGLE-SHOT COVID-19 - VACCINE TRIGGERS A STRONG IMMUNE - RESPONSE. - THE COMPANY REPORTED TODAY - ON RESULTS OF BOOSTERS GIVEN - TWO MONTHS OR SIX MONTHS AFTER - THE FIRST SHOT. - SEPARATELY, SAN FRANCISCO - ORDERED WORKERS ATTS - INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT TO GET - VACCINATED. - THAT IS THE FIRST SUCH MANDATE - AT A U.S. AIRPORT. - THE U.S. HOUSE OF - REPRESENTATIVES IS SET TONIGHT - TO FUND FEDERAL OPERATIONS - INTO DECEMBER, AND RAISE THE - DEBT CEILING. - THE VOTE WOULD AVERT A PARTIAL - GOVERNMENT SHUTDOWN IN NINE - DAYS, AND A DEFAULT ON THE - NATIONAL DEBT IN OCTOBER. - BUT DEMOCRATS ALSO NEED 60 VOTES - IN THE 50-50 SENATE, AND - REPUBLICANS OPPOSE RAISING THE

- DEBT LIMIT. - THEY TRADED JIBES TODAY. - >> TRADITIONALLY, WHEN YOU HAVE - TO RAISE THE DEBT CEILING, YOU - HAVE A BIPARTISAN DISCUSSION-- - WAYS TO GET SPENDING UNDER - CONTROL. - INSTEAD, THE DEMOCRATS ARE - MOVING FORWARD WITH AN - INCREDIBLE SPENDING BILL, BASED - ON BERNIE SANDERS' SOCIALIST - BUDGET, AND REPUBLICANS WILL NOT - BE A RUBBER STAMP FOR THIS. - >> WHAT WE'RE TALKING ABOUT - IS: ARE WE GOING TO PAY THE - CREDIT CARD BILLS THAT WE'VE - ALREADY RACKED UP? - NOTHING WOULD BE MORE - IRRESPONSIBLE AT THIS CRITICAL - MOMENT THAN MESSING WITH THE - FULL FAITH AND CREDIT OF THE - UNITED STATES. - >> Woodrf: THE BILL ALSO - INCLUDES MONEY FOR DISASTER - RELIEF AND AFGHAN EVACES. - BUT, HOUSE DEMOCRATIC LEADERS - TODAY DROPPED $1 BILLION FOR - ISRAELI SECURITY, AS PARTY - PROGRESSIVES DEMANDED. - CANADA'S PRIME MINISTER JUSTIN - TRUDEAU WILL STAY IN POWER AFTER - MONDAY'S PARLIAMENTARY ELECTION. - HIS LIBERAL PARTY WON THE MOST - SEATS, BUT AGAIN FELL SHORT OF A

- MAJORITY. - TRUDEAU CELEBRATED LAST NIGHT - IN MONTREAL. - HE SAID HE'D BEEN GIVEN A CLEAR - MANDATE, BASED ON HIS HANDLING - OF THE COVID PANDEMIC. - AFGHANISTAN, THE TALIBAN - NAMED MORE MEMBERS OF THE - INTERIM CABINET, BUT NONE WERE - WOMEN. - STILL, A SPOKESMAN INSISTED - WOMEN MAY YET HAVE ROLES. - HE ALSO PROMISED ACTION, AGAIN, - ON THE EDUCATION OF GIRLS. - >> ( translated ): WE ARE - TRYING TO STRENGTHEN THE - CABINET FURTHER, AND GOD - WILLING, WOMEN WILL BE APPOINTED - TO CERTAIN POSITIONS. - THE MINISTRY OF EDUCATION IS - ALSO WORKING HARD TO LAY THE - GROUNDWORK FOR THE EDUCATION OF - HIGH SCHOOL GIRLS, SIXTH TO 12th - GRADE, AS SOON AS POSSIBLE. - >> Woodruff: CURRENTLY, ONLY - ELEMENTARY SCHOOL-AGED GIRLS ARE - ALLOWED TO ATTEND CLASSES. - AND BACK IN THIS COUNTRY, A - WALL STREET COMEBACK FROM - MONDAY'S LOSSES MOSTLY FIZZLED. - THE DOW JONES INDUSTRIAL AVERAGE - LOST 50 POINTS TO CLOSE BELOW - 33,920. - THE NASDAQ ROSE 32 POINTS, BUT

- THE S&P 500 SLIPPED THREE. - STILL TO COME ON THE NEWSHOUR: - BILL GATES, ON HOW TO COMBAT - THE THREATS OF COVID AND - CLIMATE CHANGE. - HOW PRISONERS SENT HOME FROM - PRISON FOR COVID FACE A RETURN - TO JAIL. - ITALY EXPERIENCES A NEW REALITY - OF EXTREME WEATHER DUE TO - CLIMATE CHANGE. - AND, MUCH MORE. - >> Woodruff: THE DEATH TOLL - FROM THE COVID PANDEMIC HAS PU - THE U.S. AT ANOTHER TRAGIC - MILESTONE. - WE ARE AVERAGING MORE THAN 2,000 - DEATHS A DAY LATELY. - AND YESTERDAY, THE U.S. MARKED - MORE THAN 675,000 AMERICANS, - OVERALL, WHO HAVE NOW DIED OF - COVID. - WILLIAM BRANGHAM TAKES A WIDER - LOOK AT THIS DIFFICULT PERIOD OF - OUR COUNTRY'S HISTORY.

- >> Brangham: THROUGHOUT THIS - PANDEMIC, IT'S BEEN HARD TO KEEP - PERSPECTIVE ON THE TRUE SCALE OF - THE LOSS CAUSED BY COVID-19. - ON THE WASHINGTON MALL RIGHT - NOW, ARTIST SUZANNE BRENNAN - FIRSTENBERG HAS PLANTED AN OCEAN - OF WHITE FLAGS, ONE FOR EACH - LIFE LOST TO THE VIRUS. - ANOTHER METRIC IS A COMPARISON - TO THE PAST, AND THIS WEEK, THE - U.S. MATCHED THE DEA TOLL FROM - ANOTHER TERRIBLE VIRUS: - THE 1918 INFLUENZA PANDEMIC. - FOR SOME PERSPECTIVE ON THEN AND - NOW, I'M JOINED BY DR. JEREMY - BROWN. - HE WROTE THE BOOK, "INFLUENZA: - THE 100-YEAR HUNT TO CURE THE - DEADLIEST DISEASE IN HISTORY," - AND IS CURRENTLY DIRECTOR OF - OFFICE OF ERGENCY CARE - RESEARCH AT THE NATIONAL - INSTITUTES OF HEALTH. - >> Brangham: DR. BROWN, - VERY GOOD TO SEE YOU - AGAIN. - WE HAVE NOW HIT HIS AWFUL - BAR IN THE U.S., WHERE WE - HAVE LOST AS MANY PEOPLE - TO COVID AS WE LOST TO THE - FLIINFLUENZA PANDEMIC. - BUT THERE ARE MEANINGFUL - DIFFERENCES BETWEEN THE

- TWO, RIGHT? - >> Doctor: YES, INDEED. - SPEAKING ABOUT HIS - TERRIBLE MILESTONE, - 675,000 PEOPLE, THE SAME - NUMBER OF PEOPLE WHO DIED - IN THE U.S. IN THE 1918 - PANDEMIC, THEY ALSO - RECALLED THAT THIS - PANDEMIC IS FAR LESS - DEADLY THAN THE TERRIBLE - ONE IN 1918. - THE POPULATION IN THE U.S. - IN 1918WAS AROUND 100 - MILLION, AND TODAY IT IS - AROUND 320 MILLION. - SO IF WE PUT THESE NUMBERS - INTO PROPORTION, THEN - THOSE 675,000 DEATHS 103 - YEARS AGO, RELATIVELY - SPEAKING WOULD BE THE - EQUIVALENT OF SOME TWO - MILLION DEATHS TODAY. - WE'RE NOWHERE NEAR THAT - NUMBER, THANKFULLY. - BUT, STILL, TODAY'S - NUMBERS ARE STILL A - REMINDER OF JUST HOW - DEADLY COVID IS. - >> Brangham: AND, OF - COURSE, ANOTHER MAIN - DIFFERENCE, PERHAPS MAYBE - THE LARGEST DIFFERENCE, IS - WE NOW HAVE A VACCINE TO - FIGHT THIS VIRUS. - EREAS BACK THEN, WE DID - NOT. - >> Doctor: THAT'S RIGHT.

- NOT ONLY WAS THERE NO - VACCINE FOR INFLUENZA, - PEOPLE DIDN'T EVEN KNOW - WHAT IT WAS THAT WAS - KILLING THEM. - IN MANY WAYS IT WAS - PERHAPS THE MOST - FRIGHTENING ASPECT OF THE - DISEASE. - FAST FORWARD 100 YEARS - LATER, AND WE KNEW WHAT - COVID WAS, WE KNEW ITS - GENETIC MAKEUP, WITHIN - ABOUT THREE OR FOUR WEEKS - OF THE FIRST CASES, AND WE - DEVELOPED THIS INCREDIBLE - SERIES OF VACCINES IN - REALLY RECORD-BREAKING - TIME. - >> Brangham: ARE THERE - SIMILARITIES, THOUGH, - BETWEEN THEN AND NOW THAT - HAVE HIT NOTES WITH YOU - THROUGHOUT THIS PANDEMIC? - >> Doctor: YES, THERE - ARE A NUMBER OF - SIMILARITIES. - I THINK, FIRST OF ALL, IF - WE THINK ABOUT THE WAYS - THAT WE CAN COMBAT THIS - DISEASE, THE SIMPLE BASIC - WAYS, THOSE HAVEN'T REALLY - CHANGED OVER 100 YEARS. - THE CALL TO MASK UP, TO - COVER YOUR FACE, TO - ISOLATE WHEN YOU ARE - FEELING UNWELL. - TOGETHER WITH THAT, WE - HAVE SEEN SOME PRETTY GOOD - BREAKTHROUGHS THAT WERE - UNTHINKABLE A CENTURY AGO.

- SO WE HAVE THESE VERY - HIGH-TECH INNOVATIONS, AND - WE ALSO HAVE SOME VERY - LOW-TECH, BUT NO LESS - AFFECTIVE WAYS FOR THE - MAJORITY OF US TO STAY - HEALTHY. - >> Brangham: AND SOME OF - THOSE PROTECTIVE MEASURES - THAT YOU MENTIONED, - MASKING, DISTANCING, AND - MANDATES, HAVE CAUSED - INCREDIBLE POLITICAL - STRIFE IN THIS COUNTRY. - EVEN THE VACCINES, SEEN AS - THE GOLDEN TICKET, ARE A - MENACE IN THE EYES OF - SOME. - DOES THAT SURPRISE YOU? - >> Doctor: I THINK THE - VIRULENVE HAS SURPRISED - ME. - ANYBODY WHO HAS LOOKED AT - THE PANDEMIC, REALIZED - MOST OF THOSE RESPONSES - ARE NOT NEW. - THERE HAS BEEN OPPOSITION - TO GOVERNMENT-MANDATED - VACCINES EVER SINCE THE - SMALLPOX VACCINE WAS - AROUND IN THE LATE '17s - AND '18s, AND THERE WERE - ANTI-VACCINE MOVEMENTS - HERE IN ENGLAND AND HERE

- IN THE UNITED STATES. - BUT THERE IS NOTHING - REALLY NEW ABOUT THESE - BEHAVIORS. - ALTHOUGH, AS I SAID, I - THINK THE NUMBER OF PEOPLE - WHO JOINED THEM, I THINK, - IS SURPRISING. - WE DIDN'T SEE NUMBERS LIKE - THIS, FOR EXAMPLE, WITH - THE MOVEMENT AGAINST - SMALLPOX VACCINES A COUPLE - HUNDD YEARS AGO. - >> Brangham: ANOTHER - STRIKING ASPECT AS I'VE - BEEN WATCHING THIS IS WHO - HAS ACTUALLY DIED FROM - THIS VIRUS. - MANY PEOPLE HAVE BEEN - TALKING ABOUT THE - STATISTIC OF ONE IN 500 - AMERICANS HAVE DIED. - BUT WITHIN THAT, RACIAL - MINORITIES, BLACKS AND - LATINOS IN AMERICA, HAVE - SUFFERED FAR WORSE. - THIS HAS BEEN A TRUE - TRAGEDY IN THOSE - COMMUNITIES AS WELL. - >> Doctor: YES. - I THINK ONE OF THE MANTRAS - THAT WE HEARD AT THE - BEGINNING OF THE PANDEMIC - IS THAT WE'RE ALL IN THIS - TOGETHER. - BUT THE TRUTH OF THE - MATTER IS THE PANDEMIC HAS - STRUCK US ALL IN VERY - DIFFERENT WAYS, DEPENDING - ON WHERE WE LIVE, WHAT WE - DO FOR A LIVING, WHAT OUR - FAMILY SITUATION IS, AND - WHICH FAMILIES WE ARE BORN - INTO. - WE KNOW THAT COVID HAS

- DROPPED THE AVERAGE LIFE - EXPECTANCIES HERE IN U.S. - BY ABOUT A YEAR AND A - HALF. - THIS IS INDEED AWFUL, BUT - FOR THE AFRICAN-AMERICAN - COMMUNITY, LIFE EXPECTANCY - HAS DROPPED BY ALMOST - THREE YEARS. - SO MUCH HIGHER THAN FOR - THE REST OF THE - POPULATION. - AND THIS REALLY SHOWS US - AGAIN THERE ARE SOME - TREMENDOUS DISPARITIES - THAT WE HAVE BOTH IN - OUR -- IN THE AVAILABILITY - OF MEDICINES AND TREATMENT - THERAPIES, AND ALSO IN THE - WAY THAT WE NEED TO REACH - OUT TO DIFFERENT - COMMUNITIES AND INVITE - THEM TO BE PART OF THE - VACCINE RELIEF PROGRAM. - >> Brangham: WHEN YOU - LOOK AT 1918 AMERICA, - COMPARED TO 2020 AND 2021, - IS THERE SOMETHING ABOUT - THE NATIONAL PSYCHES THEN - AND NOW THAT HELPS US - UNDERSTAND HOW WE'VE - RESPONDED? - >> Doctor: I THINK THIS - IS A KEY POINT: 100 YEARS - AGO WE WERE AT THE END OF - THE FIRST WORLD WAR. - AMERICA WAS WEARY. - THERE WAS STILL A WAR - GOING ON. - AND THAT, COUPLED WITH THE - REALITY THAT PANDEMIC WERE - AN EVERYDAY PART OF

- EXISTENCE -- PEOPLE DIED - FROM DIPHTHERIA AND THE - MEASLES AND PNEUMONIA, AND - I THINK WE'VE FORGOTTEN - HOW LUCKY WE ARE NOT TO - HAVE THESE DISEASES. - IT IS ONLY THESE - TREMENDOUS ADVANCES THAT - WE'VE HAVE BOTH IN THE - AREA OF PUBLIC HEALTH AND - VACCINES THAT MEANT WE - HAVE THE XURY OF NOT - WAKING UP EVERY MORNING - AND BEING AFRAID OF POLIO. - >> Brangham: I THINK IT - IS FAIR TO SAY THERE IS A - REAL SENSE OF DESPAIR IN - THE COUNTRY RIGHT NOW. - I MEAN FOR MANY PEOPLE, - THEY THOUGHT THE VACCINES - WERE THE LIGHT AT THE END - OF THE TUNNEL, AT LEAST - DOMESTICALLY FOR THIS - VIRUS. - NOW DEATHS ARE UP, - HOSPITALS ARE OVERFLOWING, - AND THE DELTA VARIANT IS - EVERYWHERE IN THE COUNTRY. - DO YOU THINK THERE IS - SOMETHING THAT WE MISSED - AT THE BEGINNING OF THIS - YEAR WHEN WE ALL THOUGHT - WEE COMING TO THE END OF - THIS AND IT HAS TURNED OUT - NOT TO BE THE CASE? - >> Doctor: I THINK WHAT - WE HAVE MISSED IS NATURE'S - ABILITY TO SURPRISE US. - WHILE WE ARE, INDEED, IN - THE MIDDLE OF A VERY BAD - RUN RIGHT NOW, THERE IS NO

- DOUBT THAT WE HAVE TO BEAR - IN MIND THAT ALL PANDEMIC - COME TO AN END. - THIS IS TRUE BEFORE - ANTIBIOTICS AND BEFORE - THERE WERE VACCINES, AND - THIS WILL BE TRUE OF COVID - AS WELL. - THE QUESTION IS: WHAT CAN - WE, AS A SOCIETY, DO TWO - MINIMIZE THE DESTRUCTION - AND THE DEATHS CAUSED BY - COVID. - SO WHATEVER CLASS OR GROUP - OF PEOPLE YOU MOST - IDENTIFY WITH, I THINK - THERE ARE VERY, VERY - STRONG REASONS FOR US NOW - TO TURN TO THOSE MANY - MILLIONS OF AMERICANS OUT - THERE AND GET VACCINATED - AS QUICKLY AS POSSIBLE. - THAT IS THE ONE SURE-FIRE - WAY TO MAKE SURE WE DON'T - HAVE ANOTHER DISCUSSION IN - A FEW MORE MONTHS, YOU AND - I, ABOUT THAT DEATH TOLL - THAT HAS RISEN TO A NEW - TERRIBLE MARKUP. - >> Brangham: JEREMY - BROWN AT THE OFFICE OF THE - EMERGENCY CARE AT THE - INSTITUTES OF HEALTH, - THANK YOU VERY MUCH. - >> Doctor: THANK YOU. - >> Woodruff: WITH WORLD LEADERS - VISITING NEW YORK THIS WEEK FOR

- THE UNITED NATIONS GENERAL - ASSEMBLY, MICROSOFT CO-FOUNDER - AND PHILANTHROPIST BILL GATES IS - CALLING ON THE WORLD'S RICHEST - NATIONS TO TAKE WHAT HE SAYSRE - URGENT STEPS NEEDED TO END "THE - CRISIS PHASE OF THIS PANDEMIC." - WE SPOKE ABOUT THOSE STEPS - EARLIER THIS AFTERNOON IN A - WIDE-RANGING DISCUSSION. - AND WE SHOULD NOTE, THE BILL AND - MELINDA GATES FOUNDATION IS A - FUNDER OF THE PBS NEWSHOUR. - BILL GATES, THANK YOU VERY MUCH - FOR JOINING US. - IN THE STATEMENT YOU PUT OUT - TODAY, YOU SPOKE ABOUT, THAT - THIS IS A MOMENT OF OPPORTUNITY, - A TIME TO-- TO LOOK AT THIS - PANDEMIC FROM-- ALMOST FROM A - NEW PERSPECTIVE. - AND YET, IT'S ALSO A SOMBER - MILESTONE. - YOU WROTE, "WE ARE 18 MONTHS IN. - COVID IS STILL ON A DEATH - MARCH." - WHAT GIVES YOU HOPE? - >> WELL, THE VACCINES ARE A - MIRACLE, AND THERE'S A GREAT - STORY ABOUT THE SCIENTISTS - WHO INVENTED THOSE, AND HOW - QUICKLY THAT PRODUCTION HAS - BEEN RAMPED UP. - NOW, WITH THE VOLUMES

- INCREASING, WE HAVE A CHANCE TO - BE EQUITABLE. - WE HAVEN'T GOTTEN MUCH OUT TO - THE POORER COUNTRIES, ANYET, - YOU KNOW, VARIANTS COULD COME - OUT OF THOSE COUNTRIES, AND - THEY NEED TO GET THEIR ECONOMIES - BACK ON TRACK. - AND SO THE U.S. STEPPING BACK IN - YOU KNOW, INSTEAD OF QUITTING - THE O, AND NOT BEING WILLING - TO GET INVOLVED-- NOW, THE U.S. - STEPPING UP AND WORKING WITH - OTHER COUNTRIES, INCREASING - THEIR DONATIONS-- THIS IS A VERY - POSITIVE MOMENT, TO REMEMBER - THAT THERE ARE THESE DEEP - INEQUITIES IN HEALTH, AND ENDING - THE PANDEMIC SHOULD BE TOP OF - THE LIST FOR HELPING ALL - COUNTRIES. - >> Woodruff: AND I WAS STRUCK BY - HOW YOU SPOKE ABOUT THAT. - YOU SAID THERE HAS TO BE A - COMMON COMMITMENT TO EQUITY, TO - UNDERSTAND THAT WHAT HAPPENS IN - LOWER-INCOME COUNTRIES AFFECTS - HIGHER-INCOME COUNTRIES. - YOU KNOW, WE HERE IN THE UNITED - STATES THAT THAT WE'RE SENDING A - LOT OF VACCINES AROUND THE - WORLD.

- BUT YOU'RE SAYING NOT ENOUGH IS - BEING DONE. - >> NO, THE NEED OUT THERE IS - BILLIONS, AND SO FAR WE'VE - GOTTEN TENS OF MILLIONS OUT. - AND I, YOU KNOW, NOW THAT-- - YOU KNOW, SUPPLY IS NO LONGER - THE LIMITING FACTOR IN MOST - RICH COUNTRIES. - I MEAN, THE U.S. HASN'T GOTTEN - UP TO THE LEVEL OF ANY OTHER - RICH COUNTRIES, BUT THAT'S NOT A - SUPPLY ISSUE. - SO THERE IS THE OPPORTUNITY FOR - THE U.S. AND OTHERS NOT ONLY TO - SOLVE THE SUPPLY PROBLEM, BUT - HELP THESE DEVELOPING COUNTRIES - WITH THE LOGISTICS OF ACTUALLY - GETTING OUT TO ALL OF THEIR-- - THEIR CITIZENS. - AND SO, YOU KNOW, DURING 2020, - EUROPE AND THE GATES FOUNDATION, - WE'RE HAVING LOTS OF - CONVERSATIONS ABOUT THIS. - THERE WEREN'T ENOUGH VACCINES. - THEY MOSTLY WENT TO THE RICH - COUNTRIES. - THE U.S. CHOSE NOT ONLY NOT TO - BE INVOLVED, BUT TO ACTUALLY - QUIT THE W.H.O. - NOW WE SEE A TURNAROUND, IN - TERMS OF VACCINE SUPPLY, AND THE - BIDEN ADMINISTRATION WANTS TO - HELP-- HELP THE WORLD, WHICH, OF

- COURSE, WILL BENEFIT THE U.S. AS - WELL. - >> Woodruff: AND YOU ALSO HAVE - PRESIDENT BIDEN SAYING THE - UNITED STATES CAN BOTH DELIVER - BOOSTERS TO MANY AMERICANS; AT - THE SAME TIME, THE U.S. PROVIDES - VACCINES AROUND THE WORLD. - BUT THERE ARE PUBLIC HEALTH - EXPERTS WHO SAY THAT'S JUST NOT - TRUE-- YOU CANNOT DO BOTH. - WHO'S RIGHT? - HOW DO YOU SEE THIS? - >> WELL, BETWEEN NOW AND THE END - OF THE YEAR, WE ARE STILL - SOMEWHAT SUPPLY CONSTRAINED, SO - THE IDEAL WOULD BE IF THE RICH - COUNTRIES MADE THEIR BOOSTER - STRATEGIES REASONABLY TARGETED. - THAT IS, PEOPLE 60 OR 65 AND - OLDER WHO HAVE MEDICAL - CONDITIONS. - THATOULD MEAN THAT THE - DIVERSION IN THE RICH COUNTRIES - WOULD STAY QUITE MODEST. - IDEALLY, THE RICH COUNTRIES, IF - THEY ARE GOING TO DO WIDESPREAD - BOOSTERS, WOULD WAIT AND DO - THOSE EARLY NEXT YEAR, WHERE A - VARIETY OF NEW VACCINES WILL - RAMP UP THEIR PRODUCTION-- - JOHNSON & JOHNSON, NOVAVAX--

- AND THEN THE BOOSTER PROGRAMS - WON'T COMPETE WITH GETTING DOSES - OUT TO LOW-INCOME COUNTRIES. - >> Woodruff: SO YOU'RE SAYING - IT'S A MISTAKE TO DO IT NOW? - >> IN A BROAD WAY, IF YOU WANT - TO TARGET, YOU KNOW, PEOPLE WHO - HAVE IMMUNE DEFICIENCY OR PEOPLE - ABOVE A CERTAIN AGE, THE NUMBERS - AREN'T THAT GIGANTIC. - AND SO, VERY TARGETED BOOSTER - PROGRAMS ARE GOING TO BE OKAY. - IT'S DISAPPOINTING WHERE YOU - HAVE A FEW COUNTRIES DOING - SUPER-BROAD BOOSTER PROGRAMS, - BECAUSE WE STILL DON'T HAVE THE - SUPPLY THAT-- THAT WE'D LIKE TO - HAVE. - AND SO, I AGREE WITH W.H.O. - WE HAVE TO BALANCE THESE NEEDS, - YOU KNOW, FOR THE NEXT FOUR TO - SIX MONTHS. - >> Woodruff: AND HAVE YOU TOLD - PRESIDENT BIDEN THAT? - >> WELL, THE, YOU KNOW, THE - FOUNDATION IS IN CONTACT WITH - ALL THE KEY PEOPLE. - YOU KNOW, OBVIOUSLY THERE ARE - SOME PEOPLE WHO THE BOOSTER IS - HELPFUL TO. - THE BROADER EVIDENCE FOR

- MOST PEOPLE IS ACTUALLY STILL - PRETTY WEAK. - AND SO, YOU KNOW, I-- IT WAS - GOOD THAT THEY DIDN'T-- F.D.A. - DIDN'T CHOOSE TO GO FOR ALL-- - ALL PEOPLE OVER 12. - >> Woodruff: JUST WANT TO ASK - YOU TO SOMETHING YOU TALKED - ABOUT. - SUPPLY. - WE NEED TO FIX THE SUPPLY - PROBLEM, MAKE IT MORE - TRANSPARENT. - THERE NEEDS TO BE MORE GLOBAL - COOPERATION. - A LOT OF PEOPLE LOOK AT THIS AND - THEY THINK "WE THOUGHT THAT WAS - ALREADY BEING DONE." - BUT YOU'RE SAYING IT'S NOT. - CAN YOU JUST EXPLAIN IN LAYMAN'S - TERMS, IN A NUTSHELL, WHAT NEEDS - TO BE DONE? - >> WELL, THE-- DURING THE KEY - YEAR, 2020, THE U.S. NOT ONLY - DIDN'T GET INVOLVED, THEY-- THEY - WITHDREW FROM E MAIN HEALTH - ORGANIZATION THAT THE WORLD HAS, - THEY WITHDREW FROM THE W.H.O. - AND THEN WHEN THE CONGRESS DID - ALLOCATE MONEY TO BUY VACCINES, - THE TRUMP ADMINISTRATION SAID, - "NO, WE'RE GOING TO BLOCK THAT - MONEY FROM BEING SPENT." - AND SO THIS YEAR, AS THE BIDEN - ADMINISTRATION CAME IN, THEY - UNBLOCKED THAT MONEY. - THEY DID WANT TO MAKE SURE THE

- U.S. WASN'T SUPPLY-CONSTRAINED. - SO YOU CAN ARGUE, SHOULD THIS - HAVE BEEN DONE THREE OR FOUR - MONTHS AGO? - BUT NOW WE SEE ALL THE RICH - COUNTRIES HAVING GOTTEN UP TO - QUITE HIGH LEVELS. - AND SO, YES, IT'S A BIT LATE, - BUT THE BENEFITS ARE STILL THERE - AND INCREDIBLE. - >> Woodruff: OKAY, THE OTHER-- - ONE OF THE OTHER ISSUES YOU'RE - WORKING ON RIGHT NOW, OF COURSE, - IS-- IS CLIMATE CHANGE. - IT'S BEFORE THE WORLD LEADERS - RIGHT NOW. - COUNTRIES ARE BEING PRESSED TO - COME UP WITH COMMITMENTS THAT - THEY'RE GOING TO CUT THEIR USE - OF CARBON ENERGY. - AND YET, I WANT TO ASK YOU ABOUT - THE CURRENT SITUATION RIGHT HERE - IN THIS COUNTRY. - THE PRESIDENT IS TRYING TO PUSH - LEGISLATION THAT WOULD INCLUDE A - LOT OF MONEY TO ADDRESS THESE - ENVIRONMENTAL QUESTIONS. - BUT YOU HAVE, NOT JUST - REPUBLICANS, BUT DEMOCRATS LIKE - JOE MANCHIN OF WEST VIRGINIA, - SAYING, "NO, WE NEED TO CUT BACK - ON EFFORTS TO MOVE TO CLEANER - ENERGY." - HOW DO YOU SEE WHAT'S GOING ON - POLITICALLY?

- >> THE INFRASTRUCTURE BILL HAS - SOME REALLY GREAT MONEY TO - ADVANCE GREEN TECHNOLOGIES, TO - FUND PROJECTS, AND THE - RECONCILIATION BILL HAS A LOT OF - KEY TAX CREDITS TO DRIVE THE - DEMAND FOR GREEN TECHNOLOGY. - SO IF BOTH OF THOSE PASS, THE - U.S. WILL ACCELERATE IN A VERY - DRAMATIC WAY ITS CONTRIBUTION, - NOT ONLY REDUCING ITS EMISSIONS, - BUT INNOVATING TO DRIVE THE - PRICE DOWN. - SENATOR MANCHIN HAS SPOKEN ABOUT - THE OVERALL PRICE TAG AND THE - INCENTIVES IN THE ELECTRICITY - GENERATION SECTOR, AND HOW HE - MIGHT WANT TO SEE THOSE BE - DIFFERENT. - THE KEY THING-- THE IDEAL THING - IS, EVEN IF THESE BILLS, IF - THEY'RE SOME MODEST REDUCTIONS - THAT THEY GET PASSED, IF WE - DON'T GET EITHER OF THESE BILLS, - THE U.S. WILL REALLY BE ABSENT - IN DRIVING THE COST OF GREEN - TECHNOLOGIES DOWN, WHICH IN

- TERMS OF CREATING NEW INDUSTRIES - AND THE JOBS IN THOSE INDUSTRIES - WOULD BE A HUGE MISSED - OPPORTUNITY FOR BOTH THE U.S. - AND E WORLD. - >> Woodruff: AND ARE YOU SHARING - YOUR VIEW WITH-- WITH MEMBERS OF - CONGRESS AS THEY FACE SOME OF - THESE-- SOME OF THESE VOTES IN - THE WEEKS TO COME? - >> ABSOLUTELY. - I-- YOU KNOW, I'VE ACTUALLY GOT - TWO TOPICS THAT I'VE BEEN IN - LOTS OF DISCUSSIONS WI MEMBERS - OF CONGRESS ON. - ONE IS FUNDING WORK TO AVOID - HAVING ANOTHER PANDEMIC. - WHAT IS THE RESEARCH AND THINGS - WE NEED TO DO THERE? - AND THE PRESIDENT'S SCIENCE - ADVISER, ERIC LANDER, PUT - FORWARD A PLAN THAT WE WORKED - WITHHEM ON. - THAT'S VERY GOOD, THERE. - BUT IT NEEDS TO BE FUNDED. - AND THEN THESE CLIMATE ISSUES, - WHICH, YOU KNOW, NOW IS THE TIME - TO GET SERIOUS ABOUT THOSE - THINGS AND TAP INTO U.S. - INNOVATION POWER. - Woodruff: I ALSO WANT TO ASK - YOU, BILL GATES, ABOUT THE - FUTURE OF THE BILL AND MELINDA - GATES FOUNDATION. - YOU ANNOUNCED EARLIER THIS YEAR

- FROM A PRIVATE-- A PRIVATE - ANNOUNCEMENT, THAT YOU AND YOUR - WIFE, MELINDA, WERE GOING TO BE - ENDING YOUR MARRIAGE. - BUT AT THE SAME TIME, THE - FOUNDATION ANNOUNCED THAT IT WAS - GOING TO USEHIS MOMENT TO - RESTRUCTURE. - WHAT IS THAT GOING TO LOOK LIKE? - HOW IS THE MISSION GOING TO - CHANGE? - I'M ASKING BECAUSE THIS IS THE - BIGGEST FOUNDATION IN THE WORLD, - BY FAR. - YOUR ASSETS ARE IN THE TENS OF - BILLIONS. - PEOPLE, YOU KNOW, HAVE A LOT OF - INTEREST IN WHAT THE FOUNDATION - DOES. - >> YES, SO THE ANNOUNCEMENT - REALLY TO THE FOUNDATION WAS - WE'D BE ADDING SOME PEOPLE AT - THE GOVERNANCE LEVEL. - YOU KNOW, I'M INCREDIBLY PROUD - OF THE FOUNDATION, THE WORK IT - DOES ON VACCINES FOR MALARIA, - FOR REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH. - AND THE OVERALL PRIORITIES OF - THE FOUNDATION ARE NOT CHANGING. - YOU KNOW, WE PICKED UP - $1.8 BILLION OF GRANTS FOCUSED - ON THE PANDEMIC. - BUT THAT DOESN'T MEAN, YOU KNOW, - WE'RE STILL FINISHING THE POLIO - ERADICATION.

- SO WE'LL HAVE SOME ADDIONAL - ADVISERS AT THE BOARD LEVEL. - BUT THE-- THE PRIORITIES WE SET, - GOING BACK ALL THE WAY TO 2000, - THAT MELINDA AND I BELIEVE IN - GLOBAL HEALTH AND EDUCATION, - THAT WILL STILL BE WHERE OUR - WORK IS DONE. - SO THE-- THE ONLY SHIFT IN - STRAGY HAS BEEN TO ADD THE - PANDEMIC, AND NOW USE OUR - EXPERTISE TO HELP GOVERNMENTS - FUND THE-- THE TOOLS SO THAT WE - DON'T END UP WITH ANOTHER - PANDEMIC LIKE THIS ONE. - >> Woodruff: SO, MAINLY THE - SAME-- THE SAME FOCUS. - I ALSO WANT TO ASK YOU ABOUT - SOMETHING ELSE IN THE PUBLIC - ARENA. - IT WAS REPORTED AT THAT TIME - THAT YOU HAD A NUMBER OF - MEETINGS WITH JEFFREY EPSTEIN, - WHO, WHEN YOU MET HIM TEN YEARS - AGO, WAS ALREADY A CONVICTED - CHILD. - HE WAS CONVICTED OF SOLICITING - PROSTITUTION FROM MINORS. - WHAT DID YOU KNOW ABOUT HIM - WHEN YOU WERE MEETING WITH HIM, - AS YOU'VE SAID YOURSELF, IN THE - HOPES OF RAISING MONEY? - >> YOU KNOW, I HAD DINNER WITH - HIM. - I REGRET DOING THAT.

- HE HAD RELATIONSHIPS WITH - PEOPLE HE SAID, YOU KNOW, WOULD - GIVE TO GLOBAL HEALTH, WHICH IS - AN INTEREST I HAVE. - NOT NEARLY ENOUGH PHILANTHROPY - GOES IN THAT DIRECTION. - THOSE MEETINGS WERE A MISTAKE. - THEY DIDN'T RESULT IN WHAT HE - PURPORTED, AND I CUT THEM OFF. - YOU KNOW, THAT GOES BACK A LONG - TIME AGO NOW. - THERE'S-- SO THERE'S NOTHING NEW - ON THAT. - >> Woodruff: IT WAS REPORTED - THAT YOU CONTINUED TO MEET WITH - HIM OVER SEVERAL YEARS, AND - THAT-- IN OTHER WORDS, A NUMBER - OF MEETINGS. - WHAT DID YOU DO WHEN YOU FOUND - OUT ABOUT HIS BACKGROUND? - >> WELL. - YOU KNOW, I SAID I REGRETTED - HAVING THOSE DINNERS, AND - THERE'S NOTHING, ABSOLUTELY - NOTHING NEW ON THAT. - >> Woodruff: IS THERE A LESSON - FOR YOU, FOR ANYONE ELSE LOOKING - AT THIS? - >> WELL, HE'S DEAD, SO, YOU - KNOW, IN GENERAL, YOU ALWAYS

- HAVE TO BE CAREFUL. - AND YOU KNOW, THE, YOU KNOW, - I'M-- I'M VERY PROUD OF WHAT - WE'VE DONE, AND PLAN TO BE VERY - PROUD OF THE WORK OF THE - FOUNDATION. - YOU KNOW, THAT'S-- THAT'S WHAT I - GET UP EVERY DAY AND FOCUS ON. - >> Woodruff: AND SO FOR PEOPLE - WATCHING WHO WONDER ABOUT THE - FUTURE OF THE GATES FOUNDATION, - WHAT'S YOUR MESSAGE? - >> WELL, YOU KNOW, I'M EXTREMELY - LUCKY THAT, WITH THE HELP OF - MELINDA AND THE INCREDIBLE - GENEROSITY OF WARREN BUFFETT, - WE'RE ABLE TO TAKE THESE - IMPORTANT CAUSES AND BRING - INNOVATION TO BEAR. - WE WERE FUNDING m.R.N.A.VACCINES - WHEN, YOU KNOW, IT WAS STILL - VIEWED AS SOMETHING THAT WOULD - NEVER WORK. - AND NOW THAT'S TURNED INTO A - SOURCE OF SOME OF THE VERY BEST - VACCINES. - WE HAVE GREAT HOPES TO USE THAT - TECHNOLOGY FOR AN H.I.V. - VACCINE. - YOU KNOW, OUR WORK HAS REDUCED

- CHILDHOOD DEATH RATES QUITE - DRAMATICALLY OVER THE LAST - 20 YEARS. - SO, YOU KNOW, THIS IS MY SECOND - CAREER. - WE'VE HIRED GREAT PEOPLE. - WE'VE MADE SOME PROGRESS. - THE VISIBILITY OF THE INEQUITY - HERE ISN'T AS HIGH AS IT SHOULD - BE. - MAYBE ONE SMALL BENEFIT OF THE - PANDEMIC, BECAUSE PEOPLE REALIZE - HOW WEAK THESE HEALTH SYSTEMS - ARE AND HOW DISEASES LIKE - MALARIA AND POLIO ARE STILL OUT - THERE AND-- AND INCREDIBLE - TRAGEDIES. - SO, YOU KNOW, I'M-- I'M VERY - LUCKY TO BE INVOLVED IN THIS - WORK. - IT'S GONE WAY BETTER THAN I - EXPECTED. - THIS WILL BE THE FOCUS FOR THE - REST OF MY LIFE. - >> Woodruff: BILL GATES, - WE THANK YOU VERY MUCH FOR - TALKING WITH US. - >> THANK YOU. - >> Woodruff: SINCE THE BEGINNING - >> Woodruff: SINCE THE BEGINNING - OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC, THE - U.S. JUSTICE DEPARTMENT HAS - RELEASED MORE THAN 30,000

- NON-VIOLENT INMATES TO HOME - CONFINEMENT, TO Y TO LIMIT THE - VIRUS'S SPREAD IN PRISON. - BUT, AS JOHN YANG REPORTS, SOME - OF THESE MEN AND WOMEN COULD BE - FORCED TO RETURN TO PRISON ONCE - THE PANDEMIC ENDS. - IT IS PART OF OUR ONGOING - SERIES, "SEARCHING FOR JUSTICE." - >> Yang: IN MICANOPY, FLORIDA, - RUFUS ROCHELLE HAS HAD HIS OWN - ROOM FOR THE FIRST TIME IN MORE - THAN THREE DECADES. - >> I ALWAYS WAS OPTIMISTIC THAT - FREEDOM WAS GOING TO COME. - BUT I DIDN'T REALIZE IT WOULD BE - 32 YEARS BEFORE IT CAME. - >> Yang: HE WAS IN PRISON - SERVING A 40-YEAR SENTENCE FOR A - 1988 CONVICTION FOR CONSPIRACY - TO SELL CRACK COCAINE AND - OBSTRUCTION OF JUSTICE. - BUT TH CHANGED ON APRIL 24, - 2020, WHEN HE WAS MOVED TO HOME - CONFINEMENT. - >> IT WAS ONE OF THE BEST DAYS - OF MY LIFE. - AND IT WAS A SAD DAY, TOO, - BECAUSE I WAS LEAVING SO MANY - OTHERS BEHIND.

- >> Yan ROCHELLE, NOW ALMOST - 70, WAS RELEASED UNDER A - PROVISION OF THE CARES ACT, - WHICH MADE MORE PRISONERS - ELIGIBLE FOR HOME DETENTION IN - AN EFFORT TO LIMIT THE SPREAD OF - COVID-19 IN FEDERAL PRISONS. - STUDIES IN THE EARLY MONTHS OF - THE PANDEMIC FOUND FEDERAL AND - STATE INMATES WERE MORE THAN - FIVE TIMES AS LIKELY TN THE - GENERAL PUBLIC TO CONTRACT - COVID-19. - THE VIRUS HAS CLAIMED THE LIVES - OF NEARLY 3,000 INMATES. - >> THERE'S NO WAY THAT YOU COULD - PRACTICE SOCIAL DISTANCING WHEN - YOU GOT TWO MEN, AND SOMETIMES - THREE MEN INSIDE OF A CELL, - A ROOM, STACKED ON TOP OF ONE - ANOTHER. - >> Yang: BUT ALMOST A YEAR AND A - HALF AFTER HIS RELEASE, - ROCHELLE, AND ABOUT 4,000 OTHERS - LIKE HIM, FACE THE POSSIBILITY - OF HAVING TO RETURN TO PRISON - ONCEHE PANDEMIC ENDS. - THAT'S BECAUSE A TRUMP-ERA - JUSTICE DEPARTMENT LEGAL OPINION - CONCLUDED THAT THESE MEN AND - WOMEN WOULD HAVE TO FINISH THEIR

- REMAINING SENTENCES IN PRISON - ONCE THE PANDEMIC RECEDES. - BIDEN ADMINISTRATION OFFICIALS - AGREED WITH THAT READING OF THE - LAW. - >> I KNOW OF NO INSTANCE IN - MODERN HISTORY WHERE WE HAVE - REINCARCERATED SUCH A LARGE - NUMBER OF PEOPLE AFTER THEY HAVE - BEEN EFFECTIVELY RELEASED FROM A - CSTODIAL SETTING. - >> Yang: ALISON GUERNSEY RUNS - THE FEDERAL CRIMINAL DEFENSE - CLINIC AT THE UNIVERSITY OF - IOWA LAW SCHOOL. - SHE REPRESENTS SOMINMATES - WHO WERE RELEASED TO HOME - CONFINEMENT. - >> I'M TELLING MY CLIENTS, - LOOK, YOU NEED TO BE PREPARED - FOR THIS. - HERE ARE THE OPTIONS. - HERE ARE THINGS THAT COULD - HAPPEN. - BUT IF WE DON'T SUCCEED, YOU MAY - END UP BACK IN PRISON. - >> Yang: IN A STATEMENT, THE - FEDERAL BUREAU OF PRISONS SAID - IT "WILL HAVE DISCRETION TO KE - INMATES ON HOME CONFINEMENT - AFTER THE PANDEMIC IF THEY'RE - CLOSE TO THE END OF THEIR - SENTENCES." - AND ADMINISTRATION OFFICIALS SAY - PRESIDENT BIDEN IS CONSIDERING - CLEMENCY REQUESTS FOR NONVIOLENT - DRUG OFFENDERS WHO HAVE LESS - THAN FOUR YEARS TO SERVE. - THAT COULD INCLUDE ROCHELLE. - BECAUSE OF GOOD BEHAVIOR, HE'S - SET TO BE RELEASED NEXT JULY.

- FOR NOW, HE SAYS HE STILL FEELS - LIKE VERY MUCH A PRISONER. - >> HI, THIS IS RUFUS ROCHELLE, - AND I WANTED TO LET YOU KNOW - THAT WE ARE GETTING READY TO GO - TO THE CHURCH CENTER. - >> YOU NEED TO BE BACK BY 2:30, - OKAY? - >> Yang: HE WEARS AN ANKLE - MONITOR AND MUST CHECK-IN DAILY - WITH HIS CASE MANAGER, AND - WHENEVER HE LEAVES HIS SISTER'S - HOUSE, WHERE HE LIVES. - >> BEING ON HOME CONFINEMENT - UNDER THE CARES ACT, THERE IS A - SENSE OF FREEDOM. - BUT I'M NOT FREE. - I CAN'T JUST GO OUT THERE AND - SAY I'M GOING TO WALK, OR DRIVE - TO THE STORE. - >> Yang: HE NEEDS ADVANCE - PERMISSION TO DO THAT-- OR TO - GO TO VOLUNTEER AT HIS CHURCH'S - FOOD PANTRY. - >> HOW MANY WATERS DO YOU NEED? - >> Yang: OR TO VISIT FAMILY, - INCLUDING HIS 32 YEAR-OLD - DAUGHTER, ANTOINETTE, WHO WAS - BORN AFTER HE WAS INCARCERATED. - >> I NEVER SPENT ONE DAY WITH - HER OUTSIDE OF THE PRISON. - NOT ONE SINGLE DAY. - >> Yang: HIS SISTER, CHERYL

- BOLEN, GETS EMOTIONAL AT THE - THOUGHT OF HIM GOING BACK TO - PRISON. - >> HE DID ALL HIS TIME, HE'S - STILL DOING TIME! - EVERY NIGHT, HE GO TO BED - WONDERING IF HE GOT TO GO BACK, - AND IT'S JUST WEAR AND TEAR ON - ALL OF US. - >> Yang: ROCHELLE, ON THE OTHER - HAND, IS PHILOSOPHICAL. - WHAT DO YOU THINK NOW THAT - THERE'S A POSSIBILITY YOU MAY - HAVE TO GO BACK? - HOW DOES THAT MAKE YOU FEEL? - >> IT SADDENS ME. - BUT I REALIZE THAT EVERYTHING - THAT HAPPENS NOW IS FOR A - PURPOSE. - >> Yang: RIGHT NOW, THAT PURPOSE - IS ADVOCATING FOR CLEMENCY FOR - THOSE LIKE HIM. - >> HEL. - MY NAME IS RUFUS ROCHELLE. - >> Yang:N MOST NIGHTS, HE'S - ON FACEBOOK LIVE, SPREADING THE - WORD. - >> SO, WHY WOULD YOU WANT TO - SEND INDIVIDUALS BACK TO PRISON? - DIANE MARQUÉZ IS A PRIME - EXAMPLE.

- SHE HAS 30 YEARS, 30 YEARS. - IMAGINE IT. - FOR MARIJUANA CONSPIRACY. - >> Yang: HE'S TALKING ABOUT - 65-YEAR-OLD DIANA MARQUEZ, - WHO IS ALSO ON COVID HOME - CONFINEMENT AFTER ABT - 15 YEARS IN PRISON FOR - CONSPIRACY TO SELL MARIJUANA. - SHE WAS RELEASED IN MAY 2020, - AND NOW LIVES WITH HER DAUGHTER - IN EL PASO, XAS. - >> HELLO, HELLO, HELLO, - MR. RUFUS. - >> HI, DIANA, HOW ARE YOU? - >> Yang: SHE OFTEN REACHES OUT - TO ROCHELLE FOR ADVICE. - >> YOU HAVE TO TELL YOUR STORY. - YOU HAVE TO MAKE YOUR VOICE - HEARD, YOU UNDERSTAND? - >> Yang: HOME CONFINEMENT HAS - GIVEN MARQUEZ A ANCE NOT ONLY - TO BE WITH HER DAUGHTER YESENIA, - BUT ALSO WITH TWO OF HER - GRANDCHILDREN-- AND FOR THEM TO - BE WITH R.

- >> I AM GETTING TO KNOW MY MOM - AGAIN, BECAUSE I WAS ONLY 15 - WHEN SHE WAS INCARCERATED. - SO IT'S AS IF WE'RE GETTING TO - KNOW EACH OTHER AGAIN. - MY CHILDREN HAVE THEIR - GRANDMOTHER. - >> Yang: BUT MARQUEZ CAN'T - BRING HERSELF TO TELL HER - GRANDCHILDREN THE TRUTH ABOUT - THAT MONITORING DEVICE ON HER - LEG. - >> THERE SO INNOCENT. - I DON'T WANT TO INFORM THEM, - WHAT IS THE REASON THAT I HAVE - THE ANKLE BRACELET ON MY ANKLE. - >> Yang: AND SHE SAYS SHE'S - CONSTANTLY WORRIED ABOUT GOING - BACK TO PRISON. - >> KNOWING THAT THEY WANT TO - SEND US BACK TO PRISON HAS BEEN - DEVASTATING ME, ESPECIALLY - MYSELF, LOSING MY HAIR, HAVING - HEART PALPITATIONS. - AND IT WOULD BE DEVASTATING FOR - MY DAUGHTER, BECAUSE I HELP TAKE - CARE OF MY GRANDCHILDREN, TO - >> Yang: WHILE MARQUEZ STILL HAS - TEN YEARS LEFT ON HER SENTENCE, - SHE'S HOPING THE NATURE OF HER - CONVICTION, INVOLVING MARIJUANA, - WHICH IS NOW DECRIMINALIZED IN

- 27 STATES, WILL IMPROVE HER - CHANCES FOR PRESIDENTIAL - CLEMENCY. - IN FLORIDA, RUFUS ROCHELLE SAYS - HE ALSO REMAINS HOPEFUL. - >> I'M NOT BITTER. - BUT THERE ARE SO MANY RUFUS - ROCHELLES INCARCERATED THAT - DESERVE THEIR FREEDOM. - AND THEY TRULY DESERVE A SECOND - CHANCE. - >> Yang: A SECOND CHANCE THAT - HAS COME ABOUT FROM AN OTHERWISE - DEVASTATING PANDEMIC. - FOR THE PBS NEWSHOUR, I'M - JOHN YANG IN MICANOPY, FLORIDA. - >> Woodruff: CLIMATE CHANGE - EXPERTS IN SICILY ARE WARNING - THAT RISING SEA WATERS ARE - THREATING SOME OF THE

- ISLAND'S MOST CRUCIAL HEAVY - INDUSTRIAL PLANTS. - THEY ALSO PREDICT FOOD - SHORTAGE AS CROPS WILT IN - WITHERING HEAT. - THE ISLAND HAS ENDURED RECORD - TEMPERATURES THIS SUMMER. - FROM SICILY, SPECIAL - CORRESPONDENT MALCOLM BRABANT - REPORTS. - >> Reporter: IT'S BEEN A LONG - HOT SWELTERING DAY IN SICILY, - AND THERE'S PLENTY OF HEAT LEFT - IN THE SUN AS DUSK APPROACHES. - THIS IS AVOCADO PLANTATION IN - THE FOOTHILLS OF ETNA, SICILY'S - ACTIVE VOLCANO. - AVOCADOS HAVE BEEN GROWN HERE - FOR DECADES. - ONE OF THE ATTRACTIONS FOR - FARMERS LIKE ANDREA PASSANIS IS - THAT IT IS A TROPICAL FRUIT, - AND SHOULD BE ABLE TO WITHSTAND - HIGH TEMPERATURES. - BUT THIS SUMMER'S EXTREME HEAT - BURNED THE LEAVES OF THE AVOCADO - TREES AND DAMAGED THE FRUIT. - >> ( translated ): WHEN THERE - IS EXCESSIVE HEAT, LIKE IN - JULY AND AUGUST, WHEN WE HAD - 120, 122 DEGREES, IT'S NOT JUST - HUMANS THAT FEEL IT. - AVOCADO AND MANGO PLANTS SUFFER, - TOO. - THE PLANTS ARE SUSCEPTIBLE TO - EXCESSIVE HEAT. - WHAT HAPPENS IS, THE PLANT GETS

- STRESSED, AND IN ORDER TO - PROTECT ITSELF, IT EXPELS THE - HANGING FRUITS. - >> Reporter: THIS HAS BEEN THE - HOTTEST EVER SUMMER IN EUROPE. - TODAY IN SYRACUSA, IN SICILY, - THE TEMPERATURE IS A RELATIVELY - MILD, 92 DEGREES FAHRENHEIT. - ON AUGUST THE 11th, THE - THERMOMETER SHOT UP 30 DEGREES - MORE, TO 122 DEGREES FAHRENHEIT, - UNPRECEDENTEIN EUROPE. - THIS SUMMER'S TEMPERATURES MADE - IT DIFFICULT TO BREATHE IN - SICILY. - THE ISLAND IS NOW A TOUCHSTONE - FOR THE REST OF EUROPE WHEN IT - COMES TO CLIMATE CHANGE. - CHRISTIAN MULDER IS A PROFESSOR - OF ECOLOGY AT THE UNIVERSITY OF - CATANIA. - >> THESE VERY HIGH TEMPERATURES, - WE WILL SEE THEM REPEAT MORE - OFTEN IN THE NEXT YEARS BECAUSE - THE CARBON DIOXIDE REACHED - LEVELS THAT ARE REALLY - UNPRECEDENTED. - >> Reporter: EXCESSIVELY HIGH - TEMPERATURES AND DROUGHT ARE - DUAL CONCERNS FOR CITRUS GROWERS - RCO FRASSON AND HIS PARTNER - EMANUELA. - THEY HAVE A LARGE FARM IN

- CENTRAL SICILY. - IT YIELDS BETWEEN 3,000 TO - 4,000 TONS OF ORANGES EACH YEAR, - WITH A NET VALUE APPROACHING - $10 MILLION. - THE SOIL HERE IS DRYING OUT FROM - LACK OF RAIN AND SHRINKING - UNDERWATER RESERVES. - HARVEST STARTS IN EARLY WINTER, - BUT THIS COULD BE A BAD YEAR. - >> ( translated ): THESE EXTREME - TEMPERATURES ARE A SERIOUS - CHALLENGE FOR REFORESTATION. - WE CAN SAY CATEGORICALLY THAT - EVERYTHING THAT IS GREEN - SUFFERS. - WE FEEL AS THOUGH WE ARE IN - AFRICA INSTEAD OF ITALY. - >> Reporter: AS WITH AVOCADOS, - CITRUS LEAVES ARE INDICATORS OF - STRESS SUFFERED BY THE TREES. - THEY SHOULD BE GREEN AND LUSH. - BUT THEY'VE BEEN SCORCHED. - >> ( translated ): THIS LEAF IS - THE RESULT OF THE 122 DEGREES - FAHRENHEIT WE REACHED IN THE - MIDDLE OF AUGUST. - >> Reporter: AS HE DRIVES ALONG - DUSTY TRAILS, FRASSON WORRIES - THAT WITHOUT RAIN, THEIR YIELDS - AND PROFITS WILL BE BADLY HIT. - >> ( translated ): THE GREAT - CONCERN IS THAT IF OUR RION OF - SICILY IS UNABLE TO PROVIDE - ENOUGH PUBLIC WATER, WE WILL BE

- IN ENORMOUS TROUBLE, AS WILL ALL - THE WORKERS WHO WORK FOR OUR - COMPANY. - >> Reporter: IN THE PAST, THE - PARTNERS RELIED ON LOCAL - AUTHORITIES FOR THEIR WATER - SUPPLY. - BUT FOLLOWING NUMEROUS DROUGHTS, - THEY CONSTRUCTED THEIR OWN - RESERVOIR. - >> ( translated ): IF THE - RESERVOIR DOESN'T FILL UP THIS - YEAR, IT WON'T BE ABLE TO SUPPLY - THE WATER WE NEED. - WE WILL BE AUTONOMOUS ONLY UNTIL - JULY NEXT YEAR, THEN WE WON'T BE - ABLE TO CONTINUE CULTIVATION, - AND MEET THE NEEDS OF OUR CITRUS - GROVES. - >> Reporter: THE EVIDENCE OF - CLIMATE CHANGE IS STACKING UP - FOR GINO CATANIA, A REGIONAL - LEADER OF THE ITALIAN - AGRICULTURE CONFEDERATION. - HE'S WARNING OF FOOD SHORTAGES - IN THE NOT TOO DISTANT FUTURE. - >> ( translated ): WE ARE - GENUINELY CONCERNED ABOUT THE - FUTURE OF AGRICULTURE IF IT - CONTINUES LIKE THIS. - IT HASN'T RAINED FOR OVER VE - MONTHS. - ACCESS TO CROPS WILL BE AT RISK. - ESSENTLLY, LESS PRODUCTION - MEANS LESS FOOD. - FARMERS ARE CONCERNED THAT

- THEY WON'T BE ABLE TO SATISFY - THE EVER-INCREASING DEMAND FOR - FOOD, NOT ONLY IN ITALY, BUT - ALSO ABROAD. - >> Reporter: IF RECORD - TEMPERATURES AREN'T ENOUGH, LOW- - LYING AREAS OF SICILY ARE ALSO - THREATENED BY RISING SEA WATER. - SICILY'S EAST COAST IS STACKED - WITH HEAVY INDUSTRY. - ONE OF THE BIGGEST REFINERIES IN - SOUTHERN EUROPE STANDS RIGHT - NEXT TO THE SEA. - PROFESSOR GIOVANNI SCICCHITANO - IS URGING THE OWNERS OF THESE - MULTI-BILLION DOLLAR PLANTS TO - RELOCATE INLAND AS SOON AS - POSSIB. - >> ( translated ): THE SEA LEVEL - RISE COULD RISE BY AS MUCH AS - THREE FEET. - THIS COULD ALSO BE AMPLIFIED BY - GEOLOGICAL PHENOMENA SUCH AS THE - SUBSIDENCE OF COASTAL PLAINS. - INDUSTRIAL STRUCTURES IN - SOUTH-EASTERN SICILY SUCH AS - THIS LOADING DOCK FOR REFINERIES - WOULD CERTAINLY HAVE SERIOUS - PROBLEMS. - SOME OF THE PLANTS LOCATED IN - THIS AREA, COULD BE SUBMERGED - WITHIN THE NEXT FEW DECADES. - >> Reporter: IT ISN'T JUST - INDUSTRY THAT NEEDS TO MOVE. - AUGUSTA IS ONE OF MANY CITIES

- AROUND THE WORLD THAT ARE - IMPERILED BY MELTING GLACIERS - AND ICECAPS. - THIS HOSPITAL WILL BE AMONG THE - FIRST CASUALTIES. - GEOLOGY PROFESSOCARMELO MONACO - IS PESSIMISTIC ABOUT THE CHANCES - OF SAVING CITIES LIKE AUGUSTA. - >> ( translated ): EVEN BY - BLOCKING CO-2 OR METHANE - EMISSIONS, THIS PROCESS IS NOW - IRREVERSIBLE. - PERHAPS IT WILL TAKE HUNDREDS - OF YEARS BEFORE THE TREND - CHANGES A BIT. - AMONG OTHER THINGS, - INTERNATIONAL CLIMATE CHANGE - AGREEMENTS, SUCH AS THE PARIS - AND KYOTO PROTOCOLS, HAVE NOT - BEEN RESPECTED, SO THERE IS NO - REAL CHANGE IN THE BEHAVIOR OF - MANY COUNTRIES. - >> Reporter: THAT GRIM VIEW IS - NOT SHARED, HOWEVER, BY ECOLOGY - PROFESSOR CHRISTIAN MULDER. - >> WE ALL HAVE TO REDUCE CARBON - DIOXIDE EMISSIONS, AND IT HAS - BEEN DEMONSTRATED THAT IT IS - POSSIBLE TO KEEP THE SAME GROSS - DOMESTIC PRODUCT EVEN WITH MUCH - LOWER INDUSTRIAL EMISSIONS. - >> Reporter: ITALY HAS BOOSTED - INVESTMENT IN RENEWABLE ENERGY - SOURCES. - BUT IT'S BEEN SLOW GOING. - THE GOVERNMENT WANTS TO SPEED UP - THE INSTALLATION OF CLEANER

- ENERGY AND TO END RELIANCE ON - FOSSIL FUELS. - BUT WITHOUT A WORLDWIDE EFFORT, - ITALY ALONE CANNOT SAVE ITS - COASTLINE FROM VANISHING BENEATH - THE WAVES. - FOR THE PBS NEWSHOUR, I'M - MALCM BRABANT IN SICILY. - >> Woodruff: A REMINDER - OF HOW CLIMATE CHANGE IS - LITERALLY EVERYWHERE. - AND THAT'S THE NEWSHOUR - FOR TONIGHT. - I'M JUDY WOODRUFF. - RE TOMORROW EVENING.GAIN - AND THAT IS THE NEWSHOUR FOR - FOR ALL OF US AT THE - PBS NEWSHOUR, THANK YOU, - PLEASE STAY SAFE, AND - WE'LL SEE YOU SOON. - >> B.D.O. - >> FIDELITY WEALTH MANAGEMENT.

- >> CONSUMER CELLULAR. - >> JOHNSON & JOHNSON. - >> FINANCIAL SERVICES FIRM - RAYMOND JAMES. - >> BNSF RAILWAY. - >> CARNEGIE CORPORATION OF NEW - YORK. - SUPPORTING INNOVATIONS IN - EDUCATION, DEMOCRATIC - ENGAGEMENT, AND THE ADVANCEMENT - OF INTERNATIONAL PEACE AND - SECURITY. - AT carnegie.org. - >> THE TARGET FOUNDATION, - COMMITTED TO ADVANCING RACIAL - EQUITY AND CREATING THE CHANGE - REQUIRED TO SHIFT SYSTEMS AND - ACCELERATE EQUITABLE ECONOMIC - OPPORTUNITY. - >> AND WITH THE ONGOING SUPPORT - OF THESE INSTITUTIONS - >> THIS PROGRAM WAS MADE - POSSIBLE BY THE CORPORATION FOR - PUBLIC BROADCASTING. - AND BY CONTRIBUTIONS TO YOUR PBS - STATION FROM VIEWERS LIKE YOU. - THANK YOU. - Captioning sponsored by - NEWSHOUR PRODUCTIONS, LLC

- Captioned by - Media Access Group at WGBH - access.wgbh.org - ♪ - >>> HELLO AND WELCOME TO

- "AMANPOUR & COMPANY." - HERE'S WHAT'S COMING UP. - >> ONE OF OUR MEMBER STATES HAS - BEEN TREATED IN A WAY THAT IS - NOT ACCEPTABLE, SO WE WANT TO - KNOW WHAT HAPPENED AND WHY - >> WORLD LEADERS GATHER IN NEW - YORK AND I TALK TO THE EUROPEAN - COMMISSION PRESIDENT ABOUT - EURO'S FURY WITH BIDEN AND HOW - BEST TO MAKE UP WITH CLIMATE - CHANGE. - >> MANY ARE SLEEPING OUT IN THE - OPEN. - FOOD IS VERY SCARCE IN THE - COUNTRY. - >> BACK FROM AFGHANISTAN, THE - U.N. HIGH COMMISSIONER FOR - REFUGEES JOINS PLEA WITH A DIRE - WARNING. - ACT NOW OR FACE A BIGGER - CATASTROPHE AHEAD. - >>> I WAS BROUGHT HERE WHEN