The Makers of Conemporary Thought; 3; Existentalists - Sarte and Camus

i'm speaking tonight about the existentialist saw them memo from nineteen thirty eight to nineteen forty six i lectured at mcmaster university in hamilton ontario and head for one of my assignments across in the philosophy of religion those were warriors and the interests of my students centered not on shall i i meant that can he go rachel great names when i studied the philosophy of religion opt out the first level the interests of my existential issues get all the melancholy be and the germans college oscars and mark and i did it with a world in turmoil and when a man dying like flies this

was not a surprise for what is existentialism it has a title thinking differing like be tonight from speculation of the detached all get too saw the philosopher kevin clark said this having he gave no particularly in mind the philosopher is not an actor he is us is not only are we now use and about a comfortably seated observing what was going on and what he sees in forcing engages in in your personal decisions in the case of the existentialist the opposite is the case he is not he is acutely involved questions of fun in

which he knows he has an asset with is like social issues or not to the other come from to the choice of a profession a conflict and low catastrophic changes in social conditions and the air the president backed all day our newest addition of existentialism consider one of hip it was best known works it's three minutes that event all at the book deals with alternatives for or not my life alternatives which make responsible decision imperative and which booked detached reflection of the question each alternative constituting a turning point a crisis a painful moment when

eternity makes its impact on dying symbolized by the point at which a descending line impinges on one running horizontally and when a man must stay everything if he is to win anything you must be ready to take the leap that tension of the sorrel which runs completely counter to keep those idea of wes moore physician from he says campuses so existential that existential thinking has to do not when asked that speculation but with the new concrete often catastrophic situations in which people find themselves philosophy and knowledge to be of any service must be drawn from life and must be

expressive again in life we ought not to think on sundays and one set of activities and libyans from monday to saturday in another a concern is not to be with speculative problems but with practical and everyday issues auerbach who was a good due to the existentialist in one of his sermons sos jaws as jesus bringing a man to the existential moment when they could be most comes to jesus that showed all because he asked it has no intention of cautious tolerant discussion from bank to bank of a stream as it were rabbi we know that you're a teacher come from oil and other words to your personal interests b r i should be a

more what you have to see the spectator how does jesus say demanding more that one's nicotine was finds himself face to face with something in comprehensible something he cannot have them there is to be bold dispassionate conversation from bank to bank with each well and he's all interviews he discovers himself suddenly in the middle of the river sparling as for dear life like a drowning man the ground is not completely from the he stopped us and he's a monster in israel how come these things he says but that his existential thing those who oppose war ii as existentialism was flourishing in germany and the crowd just goes martin i think you're in france at the same time there were two

young men also been active in the resistance jp saw and the life they were living the battle they were waging existential itself the generation to which they belong grew up to the drumbeat of world war when a lot and i think about europe in both in violence and justice saw what they were exposed to a list of corruption as fascism communism obligation as a reactionary nationalism and they were vetted institutional christianity you know i wish they couldn't have been spectators they were in the area where all that was going on out of the bio of that was going on inside them they were forced to see

the ultimate question is what is the man you're probably learned about them when it would have made any difference at what iraq yet as life's meaning this is existential thinking think there is an opening these two men were in the resistance moment in the underground the conclusions they and i bet that there's a mistake in the extreme once they say the meaning of life may have been clear but not know and yet many soul mate it cannot be content with an existence that is devoid of me he has got to find a reason for a living he has got to justify himself deal himself all of anonymously to justify himself to himself says there's

nothing beyond him to achieve his response was no super evil dr you know autistic alas no matter how the city at least six to justify himself to him so he's always huge role not want an unwelcome in the way at the market almost all of the concerts see that has to be given up to someone else and the nationality the absurdity of human existence this for these two is the most fundamental fact about no existentialism in cairo justin ended gabriel masino is compatible with christianity both of them utilize it in the service all magically existentialism and heidegger and sopped income new issues in eight years and it has not lately ed

and probably never will be why it is difficult to comprehend so awkward promo through the novel's through the waves of become well known particularly in europe and britain but increasingly in the united states when scott spoke at the theatre seven years ago it was back to the dog just to ride hadn't expected any kind of response that saw and what is more millions who haven't read these two who may never have to know and have a long list faced by the questions that asking and the attending the same conclusion is practically atheism is pablo always gripped the ideological eight years

before going on to speak about saddam come to separate that i want to draw attention to one feature prominently in the writing of all sects is as pronounced the characteristic in their work have skepticism that image of man as it is shattering effect he inhabits a universe without signs without dying horse has only a stranger an outsider he feels hollow also alienated you subject of anguish and despair he lives with her sense of peretti ambiguity and shuttered by absurd wars

we're used to this not only withdraw but also with the new law which is curious for a nap in modern times over and over again he asks himself why i should not commit suicide involving tottenham two one of the tv characteristics of man is homelessness you happen to recall in wilson's book the outsider next automotive production or you think that people on the outside he draws attention to the fact that in so much of the literature of our generation that emphasis centers on the solitariness song the last piece of math why is the explanation but i really like this reflect this type of situation in which they find themselves

this is our last one of them were upset a member of italians the profound social and political this location all the world has made all the individual especially in big cities and then secure especially restless less homeless being the stage it by cutting the finals by shop waiting for global but that the castle by cocker manhattan transfer by dust process the home in it as elliot they are nine one of the biblical phrase without all in the world has been a sort of use of prolific writer and it has produced

a horse being at nothing existentialism and humanism he has produced plays the fly that they hadn't respectful prostitute no exit is written us nor sale of intimacy a major reason poetry travels after dismissing charges of degenerate because many of his characters that degenerate they complain of the obscenity and brutality presented involvement as well as in refined and extorting fashion you would reply and from within the church this is something that we have to listen to he would reply that it is a legitimate function on author jamaica is away at a

las vegas a reality to lead us to an understanding of life forms mold as well as high he maintains that it is necessary to use melodrama and i am saying this generation two explorers it's false securities and to uncover its underlying like madam read so as it deliberately sets himself to leave his readers with scars because he believes that to be a spot amid the radiation capacity about it is to be less than human now in this letter i can obviously do more than a show an outline of

socks a position first that comment on his atheism he echoes the crime each carl is day he doesn't mean apparently the gao does not being serious naughty no longer exists what he intends to convey his apparent in this typical symptoms these days you support us know is in earlier times man believe that they have gone speak but this twentieth century man for the most part is not capable of believing the silence of the transcendent is the great concern about me he has the host the view that men must once and for all to give up his set of laws he should put a

law he showed himself exercise the creative freedom which his forecast for what we ask it to go the things which are being when a man realizes that he is the being thrown the world exists as in all of the universe than our human universe and having done away with the father of our someone is needed to invent balance yes it sought says that life has no meaning out priore in the first instance to begin with it is up to man to give my meeting and value is nothing else on the value that he selects existentialism it is an attempt to work out all the implications of a coherent atheistic position

validated feeling that god is dead does he think all met manny says is only what he concedes and so that b is only what he defines himself to be you must begin twenty years it was his own conditions of the way the conditions of the window that is paramount or for want of the top he has got to go into a wall it has to come to grips with his environment coming to grips with his environment he must never know and sell them to be degraded into a thing never allow himself to become an object of his empire in the speech itself independent up he must make at the object of his influence many stories is condemned to freedom and he has to use his freedom to maintain its independence

to resist any influence that would enslave him he used to us at himself as a self created a though you always do it with a sickening stench so the absurdity of the endeavor oh there's only one being completely able to do what man has to do and this by definition it's got all regard as the poorest of being a man is the future to become more he's caught in the plant says he's driving but he never achieved he must die being a man refusing to go and remaining patients with these limitations being a man will be especially anxious he would arrest innocent he will not know why he only noticed that he

must not settle for any unrest which is sort of his destination though he doesn't know his true destination because his real life depends on his knowing it he were often as he journeys be desperately first day messages are constantly preparing turned in shock as it happens to be in the fight bob marshall of the attack the no previous existence meetings the reigning one's own so dry with a sense of purpose and he's never worn in the worm but they actually asks himself why he clings to her asks himself those away from anywhere and when i die

you are dying aren't these other questions he asks himself up and no answers you must keep having long without assets without guy goes without sanctions absurdity meaningless nothingness of the law school at the last word except for a harrowing effective to achieve some sort of a meaningful life despite the realization that this is impossible and to make matters worse may not utterly out of harmony with one another if you sit there thinking this is the one wrong please consider the state of the way of the release of the lost gigantic amid all the danger we are all in the being blasted out of existence they're not only out of harmony with whether or not the low monthly all

he is a threat to every other actually in this situation every other student's of stocks say that has made no exit provides the glue to recreate all of his work and its whole point is that people of all kinds and miserable among them sales jail in the play is about people having to be perpetually with today with them without real relationships without the possibility of getting away from he pulls his detractors in the parade and a small furnished living room and that one day and to return no wait four months because the room is lit by a blue at night that will never go of what however it produces in the mud torrent of a note in his scale is no physical torment

what it produces in the muck top of audubon invitation and fiennes is that the perpetually get on one another's an air force our life is here in a very small room with no exit not only is that no sense of a final destination in some paradise there's no sense even though the pilgrimage through some of it just happens that just want them to think that another goes on meaning mostly that in financial nothing has an eagle nothing leaves anywhere there are no values was very little noise there's the valley

in america walmart their sustenance impressions city questions if you'll pardon me saying so where's the torture chamber that's the first thing they ask all of you they don't although there's about a bathroom represents that i can assure you and that let them know that they started about the toothbrush or not as catchy usually does what i ask you would be the point of brushing teeth maps that no toothbrush an old bed either one you know this makes it so just as i expected i should i sleep why bother about sleep if one isn't sleeping upstairs the reason doesn't it we come in there's a snag somewhere something disagreeable

latino shouldn't be disagreeable see it's like with the rain how shall i enjoyed my own company then you see i'm fond of teasing it's a second nature with an amused the teasing myself i don't he's nice but i kind of ongoing it without a break them that my name's i saw that i was the nights where compensation us build a happy little little dream was that was a green field system ordinary field i used to spell it is it big i know consciously the lights are on i think you will be tightened

and you know what i mean beyond that role as a passage and at the end of the passage of more rooms more pessimism stairs and what lies beyond than men's all sure you have a deal or sometimes when you go to my uncle's place he's an valley here he has a room on the third floor i should've guessed of my where's the light switch there isn't any or can one turn off the light or the management and cut all the time and they want to but i can remember that having done so on this law we have all the electricity we want so one has to live with one's eyes open all that time did you say

don't mix of over words with one's eyes open for that were always broke the late in my eyes and in life by postponing the meeting he's a subtle writer with a gift a rare gift of making a reader you latinos and his books i just like the east in the mind based there are all sorts of fermentation sees a profoundly disturbing all are don't conceive of anybody reading kamel not finding his conscience this for twenty years

he died in a mortar ink accident in nineteen sixty the movers media a european countries he took a positive stand on the life and death issues confronting his beloved is because we love the process awarding the nobel prize in nineteen fifty seven the citation stated that he is your money the problems of the human conscious and always in reading come to walk on europe has to be born in mind things have happened seems the past before his eyes which must have seemed impossible to elliott generations why that how about which why don't you why don't talk to and the murder and the massacre became

a lawyer or that french writer clyde all mankind that doesn't damage the light descended to set by no means want to happen to human dignity from all it used a christian beliefs a whole work of this man as an attempt on set with intellectual honesty those questions in combat the underground newspaper which he created and brilliantly edited during the resistance you can imagine how he got out with france or defined by the nazis well the man of my generation and that includes today's entering the workshops and universities have more and more like dogs

cheaply background of the man in mines it might indicate the subject matter of certain of his books first is major philosophical work haven't been very widely read in this country which is unfortunate the myth of sisters in familiar with it the man who's who to the ball all the hill and how that rock hip rowing that the tasks proving incessant and less heartbreaking come to seize this is the point of humanity today and with a seriousness yeah it's a satellite man and sensing the absurdity of his existence thus modern man not commit suicide this he says is the only question that comes only other side a second of it putting these

questions to himself on that question to him something doesn't come up with a clear he doesn't come up with a co working asset doesn't believe that this crazy when nbc permanently rights he's disenchanted with the traditional modest and when oil or substitute boss fascism and communism and nationalism including man himself like has to be seen cooperatives it has to be faced with outline those without illusions like us to be made by men with defiance mr fuld defiance and revolt of what you do in value spread out or won't vote or length of a light they restore some sort of dignity and majesty of human existence to a man devoid of

blinders there's no finer sight of that all intelligence at grips with reality that parents a visit from would be used with much the same subject in his tremendous play all around the city in which the league break so is a picture on our weak on fusion the total sickness in the novel sister venus is the doctor more character that doctors as described in the novel you know he actually operate he can only combative he can only seek to curb that he erects by hospitals and wanting to establish his grim atari's and laboratories

for recession his devotion to duty the daughter in the novel is a monstrous scam what come always say to him as that man cannot eradicate ebola from human existence back he can exercise the most vigilant to minimize its effects he can exercise the utmost vigilance not to do anything that increases in his last major work of fiction which she called a full was a time when ministers were at fault well the existentialist have the captain come to shows an even more pessimistic know

here's a novel consisting of the ruminations over drunken antics annoyed living in school in the slums of amsterdam saw gives him a christian name a joint baptist that must be delivered and secondly a voice cry when he has been outfitted for socialite that's why he's an ex lawyer wisely be none fitted for a socialite because he has to acute an incitement to nominate his own age he is that called judge at a time uncle as if not wanting a judge who has a place in the book where he says how can

a man ever bring himself to suppose that he has any right to be attacked but he is a judge emmett and that tone for universal laws which he'd go see simply just fortunate people then i'm not aware of so it's a pr team lies in his accomplishments his awareness his sensitivity promotion seems to be saying that we cannot see the world as it is and that so we are an anxious than the next that we can there is a line from the peace won't suddenly withdraws to the side and he's an abstention this is the quietest the air he is the diabolical oh the doctor in in in the plague this is a book that cries out for

quotation before like her move i hope that you can make hits acquaintance you won't find a cup of thing but this is a very comfortable sort of culture you know homes and our cars and our churches what we know about the devastation that stark europe and we'll see what congress or with his own eyes a prisoner or not so that all that was visible of his face was from the eye to the mouth with the jailers spitting at him he couldn't even light the spill commission is the point mommy to introduce myself from properties for more secure service pleased to know you this is a man who's come into the bar you're in business and always

delicious in all things we emulate in a way you know allow me to play the detective you are my age and weight with this sophisticated iowa a man in his forties who has seen everything in a way you're welcome yes in a way let his ass people out in our country and your hands are small but later but no matter professions interests me less than saints allow me to ask you two questions don't answer if you consider them indiscreet do you have any possessions some heavy shadow with the poet know they knew what i'd call a sense you see you're not familiar with the scriptures i admit that this will tell you what it didn't

show you know the scriptures decided that you would just meet a little later it's all random location northampton ma sort of sequins and have consequently without any other continuity than that from day today op op op from day to day the separatist on the surface of life in the realm of woods says that were never in reality all those hopes barely read those friends family love those cities family visited i went through the gestures out a lot more absent mindedness then came human beings they want to make a plane

but there was nothing to cling to america's importation of it and as for me i forgot are never remembered anything but myself with the face i know have that's quite match to a lot of a certain age every man who's responsible it's been and when you don't like your own life when you know that you must change lanes don't have any choice do you what can one do to become another he's saying it must be a bomb again theocracy as to what can one do to become an out

and possible exactly what happened in the senate this is existential thing how can these things be one would have to cease being anyone forget oneself or someone else at least once but how to get down too hard on me i'm like that old baker who wouldn't let go of my hand one day on a catholic campus oh so he said it's not just that i'm no good but you lose track of the light yes we have lost track of them like it's the mornings the holy innocents of those who forgive themselves now in her ear that was more of the dalai lama's be exploited there's a sense in which every novel of political perhaps because it's on the political level that

evil is the most evident in the twentieth century in any event he was not content with abstention he denounced to remain in spain and hungary in france born in algeria brought up for testing against the treatment of the muslim population idea was for him he asked us he is reported to have replied to an algerian stew into heckled him at a meeting that if he had to choose between justice and his mother's life would be his mother's like that would have to go the brutal honesty of the talk shows the appalling di level in which he found himself he was a man waves the moral issues leads in a political struggle like that of the algerian war and to save an intellectual honesty and

maybe hang his he had a section of the human predicament what gives driving pollack who is not in an age when intellectuals have been flat on their faces for dictators storm he was a practical man he stood up for human rights and for human dignity like to call from a posh few months or your resistance rebellion an end date my conclusion will be simple and will consist of saying in the very midst of the sound of the fury of our history let us rejoice let us rejoice and be that having witnessed the death of our line love in europe

and i've been faced with proteins let us rejoice as a man because uproar wrong holst has collapsed and we see clearly what threatens us and let us rejoice as artists borrow from our sleep and arctic ice forced to key allies auto destitution prisons rochat if faced with such a vision we can preserve the memory of days and faces and it's a contest they've faced with the worlds of beauty that all the ways bp we managed not to forget be humiliated than western art who graduated this spring from seventy one male long as i do for a gentler me address a poll as for music but perhaps there's no other piece of the

artist's than that which she finds in the heat to come back every wall is a dog emma some critics who said that is not part of the dog and the whale anywhere but in the warm against which we are living instead let us seek the arrest but when it is in the many think of a battle or in my opinion and this is where the actual clothes because there great ideas it has been said come into the world as gently as dogs perhaps than we listen attentively we show here amid the uproar of empires and nations a faint flap their wings a gentle standing of my uncle someone will say this whole lives in the nation others in a man i believe rather write it is awakened revive marriage by millions of solitary individuals whose deeds and words every date negate

for obvious and the crew just implications of history as a result that shines for a meeting with the ever threaten jobs but each and every man on the foundation's all the zones separatism joins their lives for all now i'm very briefly what ought to be the christian attitude to existentialist sections start in common too well i would say that denunciation is no answer them not disposed of by putting that works on the index and forbidding the faithful to read this is what has happened but they have been re it i wonder whether it is the rsa who wanted to denounce criticize them the

church rufus jones brought down and one of the finest of these books ozone day that it we are shocked kamel more sensitive to the human predicament them the majority of christians have a protein that we have how they felt more keenly and quivering with the giant agony of the women have a lot more sleep and we're i have a more alarmist and christians who acted within aware of a mate billy with players will not come the grip see is me and strenuously ask questions as christians we light and aviation

elmo was inviting tourists but i'm dominican monks and this is what he said and why should i stay here and the monitor what i haven't been elsewhere for a long time during the strike four years i waited for gray voice to speak up in rome i believe it but i knew that the spirit would be lost if it did not get an outcry of condemnation when faced with false he was the voice but i assure you that millions of men like me did not have that at that i believe that and i believe as i like share the solitude that continued to spread as the days went by and the executioners multiply

it has been explained to me a sense that the condemnation was indeed voice but that it was in the style of the encyclical which is not appropriate the condemnation was voice and it was not understood they won't have to have that combination matters in this case and to see that this example by itself gives part of that implied perhaps or imply that you ask me for the world expects of christians is that christians should speak out low ambient and the patient voice their condemnation in such a way that never never the slightest bill could rise in the pop all the simplest man get away from abstraction and going from a bloodless the face history has taken on today the grouping we need

is a grouping of manners all to speak out clearly had to a top personally when a spanish mission this is political executions he ceases to be a bishop or christian or even a man it isn't all just like the one who that by an ideology was that execution without doing the dirty work himself we're waiting and i am waiting all those who refuse to be boss and the result to pay the price that must be paid so that man can be something more than i do my show recently a man of the west put on in our theater last week as a christian existentialist

and he says having a mood can start in mind that man will not high interest in tow he finds us to go this is a discovery suggested by but not derived from man's holmes believe in god is not in itself did you support from the gravity of the human predicament existentialism in still short of what you a leap of faith family knew all about the legal thicket great about it i thought about it and he said that for him it would have been an intellectual says this one must respect

remembering the polaroid as a personal issue remembering this from a feeling that so often the atheists are atheists because they failed to see the evidence of faith and pride and light and inaction i come back to the biblical phrase with god and with vocal in the way christie existentialism we have been reviewing as an honest candid description of how meaningless it is to live in the world without knowing that it is god who has brought us there and for me this often one of the strongest arguments of faith in god that can possibly be the artist

fbi has been