PBS NewsHour; June 25, 2012 3:00pm-4:00pm PDT

Captioning sponsored by MacNEIL/LEHRER PRODUCTIONS

>> Ifill: A MIXED IMMIGRATION DECISION TODAY FROM THE SUPREME COURT, AS THE BULK OF A CONTROVERSIAL ARIZONA LAW IS STRUCK DOWN. BUT POLICE CAN STILL STOP AND CHECK THOSE THEY CONSIDER SUSPICIOUS. GOOD EVENING. I'M GWEN IFILL.

>> Woodruff: AND I'M JUDY WOODRUFF. ON THE NEWSHOUR TONIGHT, MARCIA COYLE OF THE "NATIONAL LAW JOURNAL" WALKS US THROUGH TODAY'S DECISION. AND WE LOOK AT THE EFFECT IN ARIZONA AND OTHER STATES WITH SIMILAR LAWS ON THE BOOKS.

>> Ifill: PLUS, WE SORT THROUGH TWO OTHER HIGH COURT DECISIONS TODAY, ON LIFE SENTENCES FOR JUVENILES AND CAMPAIGN SPENDING.

>> Woodruff: IN THE FIRST OF TWO GLOBAL ELECTION REPORTS, JEFFREY BROWN UPDATES THE EGYPTIAN RESULTS AS NEWLY ELECTED ISLAMIST PRESIDENT MOHAMMED MORSI BEGINS TO FORM HIS GOVERNMENT.

>> Ifill: AND FROM MEXICO, MARGARET WARNER PREVIEWS THE UPCOMING CONTEST THERE. THAT'S ALL AHEAD ON TONIGHT'S NEWSHOUR. MAJOR FUNDING FOR THE PBS NEWSHOUR HAS BEEN PROVIDED BY: IN HERE, THE RIGHT MINDS FROM INSIDE AND OUTSIDE THE COMPANY COME TOGETHER TO WORK ON AN IDEA. ADDING TO IT FROM THE ROAD, IMPROVING IT IN THE CLOUD, ALL IN REALTIME S. IT'S THE AT&T NETWORK. PROVIDING NEW WAYS TO WORK TOGETHER. SO BUSINESS WORKS BETTER. SUPPORTED BY THE JOHN D. AND CATHERINE T. MacARTHUR FOUNDATION, COMMITTED TO BUILDING A MORE JUST WORLD. MORE INFORMATION AT... AND WIT AND WITH THE ONGOING SUPPORT OF THESE INSTITUTIONS AND FOUNDATIONS. AND... THIS PROGRAM WAS MADE POSSIBLE BY THE CORPORATION FOR PUBLIC BROADCASTING. AND BY CONTRIBUTIONS TO YOUR PBS STATION FROM VIEWERS LIKE YOU. THANK YOU.

>> Woodruff: THE U.S. SUPREME COURT DELIVERED ITS JUDGMENT TODAY ON THE 2010 ARIZONA IMMIGRATION LAW THAT SPARKED A NATIONAL DEBATE. THE OUTCOME LEFT BOTH SIDES CLAIMING AT LEAST PARTIAL VICTORIES. THE DECISION CAME AFTER TWO YEARS OF PROTESTS AND LEGAL CHALLENGES TO THE ARIZONA LAW. THEN THE APRIL ARGUMENTS BEFORE THE SUPREME COURT. TODAY THE DECISION. 5-3 WITH JUSTICE ELENA KAGAN RECUSING HERSELF BECAUSE SHE WORKED ON THE ISSUE IN THE OBAMA ADMINISTRATION. THE COURT RULED ARIZONA MAY NOT FORCE IMMIGRANTS TO CARRY IMMIGRATION PAPERS OR MAKE IT A CRIME FOR AN ILLEGAL IMMIGRANT TO HOLD A JOB OR LET POLICE ARREST SUSPECTED ILLEGALS WITHOUT WARRANT. BUT THE JUSTICES UPHELD A PROVISION THAT REQUIRES POLICE TO CHECK THE IMMIGRATION STATUS OF ANYONE THEY STOP FOR OTHER REASONS. ARIZONA'S REPUBLICAN GOVERNOR JAN BREWER CALLED THE DECISION A VICTORY FOR THE RULE OF LAW. SHE INSISTED IT WILL BE PROPERLY ENFORCED.

>> CIVIL RIGHTS WILL BE PROTECTEDDED. RACIAL PROFILING WILL NOT BE TOLERATED. SENATE BILL 1070 IS EQUALLY COMMITTED TO UPHOLDING THE RULE OF LAW WHILE ENSURING THAT THE CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHTS OF ALL IN ARIZONA ARE PROTECTED.

>> Woodruff: PRESIDENT OBAMA ISSUED A STATEMENT SAYING HE WAS PLEASED THE COURT STRUCK DOWN MUCH OF THE LAW BUT REMAINED, QUOTE, CONCERNED ABOUT THE VERIFICATION PROVISION. NO AMERICAN SHOULD EVER LIVE UNDER A CLOUD OF SUSPICION JUST BECAUSE OF WHAT THEY LOOK LIKE, THE PRESIDENT SAID. THE PRESIDENT DID NOT SPEAK ABOUT THE COURT DECISION DIRECTLY AS HE CAMPAIGND IN NEW HAMPSHIRE THIS AFTERNOON. HIS REPUBLICAN CHALLENGER, MITT ROMNEY, SAID TODAY HE'D HAVE PREFERRED THAT THE COURT GIVE STATES MORE LATITUDE. HE ALSO ISSUED A STATEMENT THAT SAID IN PART, "TODAY'S DECISION UNDERSCORES THE NEED FOR A PRESIDENT WHO WILL LEAD ON THIS CRITICAL ISSUE AND WORK IN A BIPARTISAN FASHION TO PURSUE A NATIONAL IMMIGRATION STRATEGY." THE COURT DECISION FOLLOWED THE PRESIDENT'S RECENT MOVE TO CURTAIL DEPORTATIONS OF ILLEGAL IMMIGRANT CHILDREN. JUSTICE SCALIA CRITICIZEDDED THAT STEP IN HIS COMMENTS FROM THE BENCH TODAY. MARCIA COYLE OF THE NATIONAL LAW MARCIA COYLE OF THE "NATIONAL LAW JOURNAL" WAS AT THE SUPREME COURT WHEN TODAY'S DECISION WAS ANNOUNCED, AND SHE JOINS US NOW. SO IT WAS A SPLIT DIGS. JUST TO BE CLEAR PART OF THE ARIZONA LAW WAS UPHELD. ALL THE JUSTICES WHO VOTED -- AND JUSTICE KAGAN HAD RECUSED HERSELF BECAUSE SHE WAS IN THE ADMINISTRATION -- THE JUSTICES WHO VOTED ALL AGREED THAT THIS ONE ELEMENT IN THE ARIZONA LAW THAT HAS TO DO WITH ASKING PEOPLE TO PROVIDE PAPERS, THEY ALL AGREED THAT PART WILL STAND FOR NOW.

>> THAT'S CORRECT, JUDY. THAT'S THE MOST CONTROVERSIAL PART. THE MOST CONTROVERSIAL PROVISION THAT CAME BEFORE THE SUPREME COURT. AS YOU RECALL, THERE WERE FOUR PROVISIONS. THIS PROVISION THAT WAS UPHELD REQUIRES POLICE IN THE COURSE OF A LEGITIMATE STOP, IF THEY HAVE A REASONABLE SUSPICION THAT THE PERSON THEY'VE STOPPED MAY BE ILLEGAL, TO ASK FOR SOME PROOF OF CITIZENSHIP AND ALSO TO VERIFY THE STATUS OF THAT PERSON BY CONTACTING FEDERAL IMMIGRATION OFFICIALS.

>> Woodruff: WHERE THE JUSTICES FINE WITH THAT DECISION?

>> JUSTICE KENNEDY WHO WROTE THE MAJORITY OPINION TODAY EXPLAINED THAT CONSULTATIONS BETWEEN FEDERAL AND STATE OFFICIALS IS A VERY IMPORTANT PART OF THE FEDERAL IMMIGRATION TEAM. IN FACT, HE SAID CONGRESS HAS REQUIRED FEDERAL IMMIGRATION OFFICIALS TO RESPOND TO STATE OFFICIALS' REQUESTS FOR INFORMATION SO HE DID NOT FIND IN THIS PROVISION THAT THE STATE PROVISION CONFLICTED WITH FEDERAL LAW, THAT IT INTRUDED ON THE FEDERAL SCHEME. HE THOUGHT IT MORE COMPLIMENTARY. HE DID SAY, HOWEVER, THAT HE RECOGNIZED THEIR CONCERNS ABOUT THIS PROVISION. THE GOVERNMENT HAD WORRIED ABOUT PROLONGED DETENTION OF AMERICAN CITIZENS, VERIFYING YOUR STATUS IS NOT SOMETHING THAT IS EITHER SIMPLE OR QUICK. BUT JUSTICE KENNEDY SAID THAT AT THIS MOMENT, THIS PROVISION HAS NEVER BEEN ENFORCED. WITHOUT SEEING HOW IT ACTUALLY OPERATES AND WITHOUT A DEFINITIVE INTERPRETATION OF THE PROVISION BY ARIZONA COURT, HE WOULD NOT SAY THAT IT IS TRUMPED BY FEDERAL LAW.

>> Woodruff: AND THAT IS THE MOST CONTROVERSIAL PIECE OF THE LAW. IN ALL THE ANALYSIS TODAY, THERE WAS SPECULATION THAT THERE WILL CONTINUE TO BE LEGAL CHALLENGES.

>> YES. IN FACT THERE IS A PENDING LAWSUIT IN ARIZONA THAT CHALLENGES THE LAW ON RACIAL PROFILING GROUNDS, EQUAL PROTECTION GROUNDS.

>> Woodruff: MEANWHILE, MARCIA, THE COURT RULED THAT THE OTHER THREE FEATURES OF THE LAW WILL NOT STAND. TELL US ABOUT THAT RATIONAL.

>> WHEN THE COURT IS DOING A REEXEMPTION ANALYSIS, THAT IS WHEN IT'S TRYING TO DETERMINE WHETHER FEDERAL LAW TRUMPS STATE LAW IT'S REALLY LOOKING FOR THREE THINGS. DOES THE FEDERAL LAW EXPRESSLY SAY, STATE, YOU CANNOT LEGISLATE. DOES THE STATE LAW CONFLICT WITH THE FEDERAL LAW. AND HAS CONGRESS SO COMPREHENSIVELY LEGISLATED IN A PARTICULAR AREA THAT THERE'S NO ROOM FOR THE STATE LAW? SO JUSTICE KENNEDY WENT THROUGH EACH OF THE THREE REMAINING PROVISIONS AND FOUND THAT THEY EITHER CONFLICTED WITH FEDERAL IMMIGRATION LAW OR CONGRESS HAD CREATED A COMPREHENSIVE SCHEME. FOR EXAMPLE, THE PROVISION REQUIRING OR MAKING IT A RIGHT FOR AN ILLEGAL ALIEN NOT TO REGISTER OR CARRY PAPERS UNDER THE ARIZONA LAW. JUSTICE KENNEDY SAID CONGRESS HAS CREATED A COMPREHENSIVE AND UNIFIED SYSTEM OF TRACKING ILLEGAL ALIENS IN THIS COUNTRY AND SO IT WAS PREEMPTED BECAUSE CONGRESS HAD OCCUPIED THE FIELD.

>> Woodruff: THREE PROVISIONS WERE KNOCKED DOWN. THREE ELEMENTS OF THE LAW. BUT THERE WAS A DISSENT. THREE OF THE CONSERVATIVE JUSTICES ARGUED THAT THEY DISAGREED.

>> JUSTICES SCALIA, TOMs AS AND ALITO WROTE SEPARATE DISSENTS. JUSTICE SCALIA READ A SUMMARY OF HIS DISSENT FROM THE BENCH. BASICALLY HE SAID THAT STATES HAVE ALWAYS BEEN CONSIDERED SOVEREIGN ENTITIES. IT IS INHERENT IN SOVEREIGNTY THAT YOU HAVE THE POWER TO EXCLUDE FROM YOUR TERRITORY PEOPLE WHO DON'T BELONG. IF ARIZONA CAN'T DO WHAT IT WANTS TO DO HERE, THEN HE SAID WE SHOULD STOP TALKING ABOUT STATES AS SOVEREIGN ENTITIES. THE OTHER THING HE POINTED OUT WAS HE DISAGREED WITH MANY OF THE GOVERNMENT'S ARGUMENTS FOR PREEMPTING THE ARIZONA LAW. FOR EXAMPLE, THE GOVERNMENT HAD SAID...

>> Woodruff: THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT.

>> THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT, I'M SORRY. THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT HAD SAID IT WAS IMPORTANT TO BE ABLE TO ALLOCATE SCARCE RESOURCES IN IMMIGRATION ENFORCEMENT. THAT'S WHEN JUSTICE SCALIA MENTIONED PRESIDENT OBAMA'S RECENT PROGRAM FOR ALLOWING THE CHILDREN, YOUNG PEOPLE OF ILLEGAL ALIENS TO REMAIN IN THE COUNTRY TEMPORARILY. JUSTICE SCALIA SAID HE WAS SURE THAT THE ADMINISTRATIVE COSTS OF THAT PROGRAM WOULD BE GREAT AND WOULD TAKE AWAY FROM ENFORCEMENT OF IMMIGRATION LAW. AND HE SAID IT BOGGLED THE MIND TO SAY THAT ARIZONA LAW CONFLICTED WHEN ARIZONA WAS IMPLEMENTING AN APPLICATION OF FEDERAL LAW THAT THE PRESIDENT HAD DECLINED TO ENFORCE.

>> Woodruff: INTERESTING. SO THAT WAS NOT A PART OF THE CASE BUT HE INCLUDED THAT IN HIS COMMENTS.

>> ABSOLUTELY. IT WAS VERY UNUSUAL. IT WAS NOT A PART OF THE CASE. IT WAS NOT HEARD AT ALL DURING ORAL ARGUMENTS. IT ACTUALLY HAPPENED AFTER THE CASE WAS OVER.

>> Woodruff: MARCIA COYLE AND WE'RE GOING TO BE COMING BACK TO YOU A LITTLE LATER. GWEN?

>> Ifill: FOR

>> Ifill: FOR MORE REACTION ON TODAY'S DECISION, WE'RE JOINED BY TWO LEGAL EXPERTS WHO'VE BEEN FOLLOWING THE CASE CLOSELY. KANSAS SECRETARY OF STATE KRIS KOBACH, WHO HELPED DRAFT THE ARIZONA STATUTE, AS WELL AS SIMILAR LAWS IN OTHER STATES. AND STEVEN GONZALES, A CONSTITUTIONAL LAW PROFESSOR AT THE PHOENIX SCHOOL OF LAW. KRIS KOBACH, WE'VE HEARD BOTH SIDES HERE, AS IT WERE, CLAIM VICTORY BASED ON THIS RULING. KIND OF THE SPLIT DECISION OF THE SUPREME COURT, AS IT WERE. WHAT IS YOUR THOUGHT ABOUT THAT? WAS THIS STOP-AND-CHECK PROVISION THAT WAS UPHELD, WAS THAT THE HEART OF THE LAW IN YOUR OPINION?

>> YEAH, I THINK SO. IT CERTAINLY IS PART OF THE LAW THAT HAS THE GREATEST SCOPE SO WHEN ARIZONA CLAIMS VICTORY, I THINK THAT'S CORRECT. IT'S A QUALIFIED VICTORY FOR THE STATES. THE THAT HAS GREATEST REACH. PUT IT THIS WAY. THAT PROVISION WILL KICK IN IN THOUSANDS OF LAW ENFORCEMENT STOPS EVERY DAY THROUGHOUT THE STATE OF ARIZONA. SO IT HAS A GREAT REACH. THE OTHER PROVISIONS ARE LESS SIGNIFICANT. FOR EXAMPLE, THE PART CRIMINALIZING THE ILLEGAL SEEKING OF WORK. THAT'S ONLY GOING TO BE RELEVANT IF A COUNTY LAUNCHES AN INVESTIGATION OF A PARTICULAR EMPLOYER AND THEN THEY DISCOVER CERTAIN UNAUTHORIZED ALIENS WHO HAVE BROKEN THAT LAW. IT'S MUCH NARROWER. THE BIG ONE WAS THE ONE THAT WAS UPHELD TODAY. I THINK THAT'S GOING TO GIVE A GREEN LIGHT TO OTHER STATES TO... SOME STATES HAVE ALREADY COPIED THAT PROVISION OF ARIZONA LAW. THERE ARE ADDITIONAL STATES THAT PROBABLY WILL TRY TO DO SO IN JANUARY IN 2013 WHEN THE LEGISLATIVE SESSIONS BEGIN AGA AGAIN.

>> Ifill: WAS UPHOLDING THAT ONE PART OF THE STATUTE, DID THAT MEAN THAT THE REST OF IT, ALL THE THINGS THAT WERE STRUCK DOWN WERE LESS SIGNIFICANT?

>> NO, I DON'T THINK SO AT ALL. IN FACT I WOULD CHARACTERIZE THIS AS AN OLD-FASHIONED SMACKDOWN BY THE SUPREME COURT AGAINST A STATE INTRUDING ON FEDERAL POWER. A CAREFUL OF OPINION SHOWS THAT AS WAS SAID THREE OF THE IMPORTANT PROVISIONS WERE COMPLETELY STRUCK DOWN BY THE SUPREME COURT AS UNCONSTITUTIONAL. THE ONE REMAINING PROVISION, ACTUALLY THE DOOR IS STILL OPEN THAT IT MAY BE UNCONSTITUTIONAL. WHAT THE COURT ACTUALLY SAID WAS THAT IT'S PREMATURE TO DETERMINALITY THIS TIME IF IT'S UNCONSTITUTIONAL BECAUSE THE STATE COURTS HAVEN'T EVEN RULED ON IT YET. SO, ONE, IT CAN STILL BE CHALLENGED ONCE IT'S INTERPRETED BY THE STATE'S COURT. TWO, EVEN IF IT'S UPHELD ON ITS BASE WHEN IT GOES BACK TO THE STATE'S COURTS EVENTUALLY FOR INTERPRETATION, IT CAN STILL BE STRUCK DOWN FOR BEING APPLIED UNCONSTITUTIONALLY, THAT IS, IN A MANNER THAT IS IS VIOLATING THE CIVIL RIGHTS OF THOUSANDS AND THOUSANDS OF PEOPLE MOSTLY LATINOS.

>> Ifill: CAN I ASK YOU... N ARIZONA. fill: CAN I ASK YOU ABOUT THAT? THAT PART OF THE ARGUMENT, AS MARCIA JUST MENTIONED, NEVER REALLY CAME UP DURING THE SUPREME COURT ARGUMENTS, THE IDEA THAT IT WAS A CONSTITUTIONAL CHALLENGE TO THE RACIAL PROFILING ASPECT OF THIS.

>> RIGHT. IT HASN'T COME UP...

>> THE REASON WHY THAT NEVER CAME UP.

>> Ifill: I'LL GET BACK TO YOU ON THAT, MR. KOBACH. BUT FIRST, PROFESSOR.

>> IN MY VIEW IN READING THE OPINION, THE COURT SIMPLY LEFT THE DOOR OPEN AND SAID THAT IT MAY BE UNCONSTITUTIONAL AND IT'S MY UNDERSTANDING THAT THE PLAINTIFFS SELLS ARE ALREADY IN THE PROCESS OF GATHERING DATA. THAT'S EXACTLY WHAT THEY'RE GOING TO TRY AND SHOW IS THAT IT CANNOT BE ENFORCED CONSTITUTIONALLY OR ONCE IT STARTS TO BE ENFORCED THEY'RE GOING TO TRY AND GATHER DATA SHOWING IT JUST IS BEING DONE IN AN UNCONSTITUTIONAL MANNER. LET ME GIVE YOU AN EXAMPLE. YOU STOP SOMEBODY AND ASK THEM IF THEY ARE HERE ILLEGALLY OR CAN THEY PROVE THEY'RE HERE LEGALLY, SHOULD YOU HOLD THEM FOR FIVE MINUTES, TEN MINUTES? WHAT IF THEY DON'T ANSWER? AT WHAT POINT DO YOU VIOLATE THE CONSTITUTION? AND KEEP IN MIND THIS MAY BE AN AMERICAN CITIZEN.

>> Ifill: LET ME ASK MR. KOBACH WHY HE THINKS IT DIDN'T COME UP.

>> THE REASON IT DIDN'T COME UP IS BECAUSE THE U.S. GOVERNMENT WHEN SUING ARIZONA DID NOT MAKE THAT ARGUMENT ABOUT RACIAL PROFILING. THE REASON DIDN'T MAKE IT IS THE LAW IN FOUR DIFFERENT SECTIONS EXPRESSLY PROHIBITS APPLICATION OF THE LAW DIFFERENTLY TO A PERSON WHETHER BASED ON HIS SKIN COLOR, HIS NATIONAL ORIGIN OR HIS ETHNICITY. THE LAW FOR BIDS RACIAL PROFILING. THE DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE KNEW THAT THAT ARGUMENT WOULD GET NOWHERE IN A CHALLENGE. IF IN THE FUTURE YOU HAD A BAD APPLE POLICE OFFICER WHO WAS TRYING TO RACIALLY PROFILE HE WOULD BE BREAKING THE LAW. SO HIS ACTIONS WOULD NOT IN ANYWAY INDICT THE LAW. THE BOTTOM LINE IS...

>> Ifill: I'M SORRY. I JUST WANTED TO GET BACK TO YOU'RE AN EXPERT AT. ONE OF THE THINGS IS YOU HELPED DRAFT THESE LAWS.

>> YES. Ifill: NOT ONLY FOR ARIZONA. HOW DO YOU WALK THE LINE THAT THE COURT LAID OUT TODAY WHICH IS A LAW THAT CAN... THAT COMPLEMENTS FEDERAL LAW BUT DOESN'T SUPERSEDE IT AS THE COURT SAID SO MUCH OF THE ARIZONA STATUTE DID.

>> WELL WE NOW HAVE SOME CLEAR GUIDANCE FROM THE COURT. WE KNOW THAT THE ARREST PROVISIONS OF SECTION 2-B THE MAIN PROVISION WE'VE BEEN TALKING ABOUT HERE, THOSE ARE PERFECTLY FINE. WE'VGOT A NUMBER OF OTHER STATES THAT HAVE ALREADY IMPLEMENTED THEM AND ARE IN CIRCUIT COURTS RIGHT NOW. THERE ARE A BUNCH OF STATES WAITING IN THE WINGS TO DO THE SAME THING. THOSE CAN MOVE AHEAD. IF A STATE WANTED TO DO THE CRIMINALIZATION OF SEEKING EMPLOYMENT, THE SUPREME COURT HAS SAID NO. ONE OTHER THING THAT IS REALLY IMPORTANT ABOUT THIS OPINION, THE COURT CLARIFIED WHAT I HAVE BEEN ARGUING ALL ALONG AND I THINK MOST PEOPLE WHO FOLLOW THIS SPECIFIC AREA OF PREEMPTION LAW KNOW. THAT IS THERE HAVE ALWAYS BEEN WINDOWS OF OPPORTUNITY WHERE STATES CAN ACT AS LONG AS THOSE ACTIONS ARE CONSISTENT WITH FEDERAL LAW. THE COURT REITERATED THAT. THEY SAID IN OUR FEDERAL SYSTEM THE COURTS CAN TAKE CERTAIN STEPS TO DISCOURAGE ILLEGAL IMMIGRATION AND COMMUNICATE AND ASSIST WITH THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT, ASSIST THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT IN ENFORCING OUR IMMIGRATION LAWS. COURT REIT LATE... REITERATED THAT TODAY. I THINK YOU'RE GOING TO SEE STATES CONTINUING TO TAKE REASONABLE STEPS TO TRY TO REBUILD THE RULE OF LAW.

>> Ifill: PROFESSOR GONZALES, WHAT IS YOUR SENSE OF HOW WIDE OPEN THAT WINDOW OF OPPORTUNITY IS NOW BASED ON WHAT THE COURT DID?

>> I THINK IT'S A VERY NARROW WINDOW THAT THE STATE... THAT THE COURT HAS LEFT FOR THE STATES. THE PROVISION THAT'S LEFT STANDING -- AND THEY CAN BE STILL BE CHALLENGED IN THE FUTURE -- SIMPLY ALLOWS POLICE OFFICERS TO INQUIRE ABOUT THE STATUS OF SOMEONE. IF THEY CONTACT THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT AND THE GOVERNMENT SAYS WE'RE NOT INTERESTED OR THE LINE IS BUSY THERE'S NOTHING THEY CAN DO. IT'S A LAW WITHOUT ANY FEET. THE BOTTOM LINE HERE IS THE COURT HAS COME DOWN VERY STRONGLY AGAINST THE STATE INTERFERING WITH FEDERAL POWER. I HOPE IT'S A SIGN THAT THE POLITICS OF DIVISION OF ATTACKING AND SEPARATING HUMANITY HERE IN THE UNITED STATES IS... HAS SEEN ITS LAST DAY.

>> Ifill: MR. KOBACH, HOW MUCH DID THE STATE IMPINGE ON STATE SOVEREIGNTY IN MAKING DECISIONS IN SIDING WITH THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT THAT THERE'S ONLY SO FAR THAT STATES CAN GO ON THESE MATTERS?

>> WELL, LET ME FIRST RESPOND TO THE PROFESSOR'S COMMENT ABOUT IMPINGING ON HUMANITY. OR SOMEHOW I AM PEUNING A PERSON'S HUMANITY. THE LAW IS ABOUT ENFORCING THE RULE OF LAW AND ALLOWING STATEMENT AND LOCAL GOVERNMENTS TO PROVIDE A REASONABLE AMOUNT OF HELP IN THE COURSE OF NORMAL DUTIES. THERE IS NO DISRESPECT FOR A PERSON'S HUMANITY BY SIMPLY SAYING WE HAVE CERTAIN LAWS IN THIS COUNTRY AND WE SIMPLY WANT TO INQUIRE AS TO WHETHER YOU'RE HERE LEGALLY. AS FAR AS DIMINISHING STATES' RIGHTS THERE IS ONE ASPECT THAT I WOULD CERTAINLY CONCEDE IN THE MAJORITY OPINION THAT SAYS WHAT THE COURT DID IS THEY LOOKED AT CONGRESS ACTING IN 1986 WHEN CONGRESS CRIMINALIZED THE EMPLOYMENT OF AN AUTHORIZE... UNAUTHORIZED ALIENS WHEN YOU HAVE A LARGE NUMBER OF THEM OR A PATTERN IN PRACTICE. THE COURT SAID, WELL, WE'RE GOING TO READ INTO WHAT CONGRESS DID. WE'RE GOING TO LOOK AT WHAT CONGRESS DIDN'T DO. WE'RE GOING TO READ INTO CONGRESS' DECISION NOT TO CRIMINALIZE THE EMPLOYMENT... THE ACTIONS BY THE EMPLOYEE. WE'RE GOING TO SAY THAT INACTION BY CONGRESS PREEMPTS THE STATES AS WELL. I THINK THAT WAS A TROUBLING PART OF THE OPINION BECAUSE, YOU KNOW, WHEN YOU HAVE INACTION BY CONGRESS, 99% OF THE TIME THEY'RE NOT PASSING SOMETHING, AND YOU START DRAWING CONCLUSIONS FROM CONGRESSIONAL INACTION, THEN YOU POTENTIALLY CAN DISPLACE THE STATES IN A WAY THAT THE FRAMERS NEVER INTENDED.

>> Ifill: THAT TAKES ME TO MY FINAL QUESTION FOR YOU BOTH IF YOU DON'T MIND BEING BRIEF ABOUT IT. WHAT IS CONGRESS' ROLE NOW? WHAT DID THE COURT DO THAT PUT MORE PRESSURE ON CONGRESS OR IS CONGRESS FREE NOW TO WASH ITS HANDS OF THIS WHOLE DEBATE STARTING WITH YOU PROFESSOR GONZALES?

>> WELL, I THINK YOU HIT THE NAIL ON THE HEAD THERE. THAT'S BEEN THE PROBLEM ALL ALONG IS THAT CONGRESS HAS BEEN REREFLECTED THE POLARIZATION IN THIS COUNTRY. IT HAS FAILED TO ACT, BUT JUST BECAUSE CONGRESS HAS BEEN DEAD LOCKED POLITICALLY DOESN'T SOMEHOW TRANSFER IMMIGRATION POWER TO THE LOCAL LEVEL.

>> Ifill: MR. KOBACH. WELL, CERTAINLY CONGRESS CAN AND SHOULD TAKE CERTAIN ACTIONS. I THINK CONGRESS SHOULD, FOR EXAMPLE, FOLLOW ARIZONA'S 2007 LAW THAT WAS UPHELD BY THE SUPREME COURT LAST YEAR REQUIRING VERIFY FOR ALL EMPLOYERS IN THE STATE. WE SHOULD HAVE THAT NATIONALLY. BUT ON THE OTHER HAND THERE ARE A LOT OF THINGS WE COULD DO TO IMPROVE OUR ENFORCEMENT. PEOPLE SAY THE SYSTEM IS BROKEN. WELL, NOT EXACTLY. SOME ASPECTS ARE BUT THERE ARE PLENTY PARTS OF THE SYSTEM THAT WORK FINE BUT WE LACK AN EXECUTIVE BRANCH THAT WANTS TO ENFORCE THE LAW.

>> Ifill: KRIS KOBACH THE KANSAS SECRETARY OF STATE AND AUTHOR OF THAT ARIZONA LAW AND STEVEN GONZALES, PROFESSOR OF THE PHOENIX SCHOOL OF LAW, THANK YOU BOTH FOR JOINING US.

>> THANK YOU,. PLY PLEASURE. Woodruff: STILL TO COME ON THE

>> Woodruff: STILL TO COME ON THE NEWSHOUR, MORE ON TODAY'S OTHER SUPREME COURT DECISIONS; NO LIFE WITHOUT PAROLE FOR JUVENILES, AND NO LIMIT ON INDEPENDENT CORPORATE POLITICAL EXPENDITURES; PLUS A NEW EGYPTIAN PRESIDENT, AND THE UPCOMING MEXICAN ELECTIONS. BUT FIRST, THE OTHER NEWS OF THE DAY. HERE'S HARI SREENIVASAN.

>> Sreenivasan: WALL STREET SLID TODAY AMID RENEWED DOUBTS ABOUT REINING IN EUROPE'S DEBT TROUBLES, ONCE AND FOR ALL. INVESTORS SHOWED LITTLE FAITH THAT EUROPEAN LEADERS WILL ACHIEVE MUCH AT A SUMMIT LATER THIS WEEK. THE DOW JONES INDUSTRIAL AVERAGE LOST 138 POINTS TO CLOSE AT 12,502. THE NASDAQ FELL 56 POINTS TO CLOSE AT 2836. IN A THREE-DAY SWEEP ACROSS THE U.S. 77 GIRLS AND TWO BOYS RANGED IN AGE FROM 13 TO 17 YEARS OLD. THEY'LL BE HELD UNTIL THEY CAN BE PLACED WITH CHILD WELFARE AGENCIES. MORE THAN 100 ALLEGED PIMPS WERE ARRESTED IN THE CRACKDOWN THAT TARGETED 57 CITIES. MAJOR NEW WILD FIRES MAJOR NEW WILDFIRES KEPT GROWING IN COLORADO TODAY AFTER ERUPTING OVER THE WEEKEND. ONE BLAZE, AT THE BASE OF PIKES PEAK, GREW TO MORE THAN SIX SQUARE MILES ON SUNDAY, FORCING 11,000 RESIDENTS TO EVACUATE. MANY WERE ALLOWED BACK TODAY, BUT FIREFIGHTERS STILL FACED A STRUGGLE WITH WEATHER CONDITIONS.

>> 34046 ACRES STILL AT 0% CONTAINMENT. WE HAVEN'T MADE ANY ACTUAL CONTAINMENT ON THAT TODAY OR TO THIS DATE. TODAY IS GOING TO BE A TOUGH DAY. TOUGHER THAN YESTERDAY. 90 DEGREES, UPPER 90 DEGREES. THAT TYPE OF TEMPERATURE. 25 TO 30 MILES AN HOUR GUSTS ARE PREDICTED. WINDS FROM THE SOUTH. SO THE WIND WILL BE COMING UP THIS DIRECTION ON THE FIRE.

>> Sreenivasan: IN NORTHERN COLORADO, A HUGE BLAZE CONTINUED BURNING WEST OF FORT COLLINS. THE HIGH PARK FIRE HAS DESTROYED NEARLY 250 HOMES SINCE IT SPARKED TO LIFE TWO WEEKS AGO. MEANWHILE, THE GOVERNOR OF FLORIDA DECLARED A STATEWIDE EMERGENCY AMID DAY-LONG DOWNPOURS FROM TROPICAL STORM DEBBY. UP TO 25 INCHES OF RAIN DRENCHED NORTHERN FLORIDA AS THE STORM STALLED 75 MILES OFFSHORE, IN THE GULF OF MEXICO. NEIGHBORHOODS UP AND DOWN THE COAST REPORTED FLOODING. FORECASTERS ALSO WARNED OF POTENTIAL TORNADOES. AT LEAST ONE PERSON WAS KILLED BY A TWISTER, AND ANOTHER MAN DISAPPEARED IN ROUGH SURF ON SUNDAY. FORMER PENN STATE ASSISTANT FOOTBALL COACH JERRY SANDUSKY HAS AGAIN PROCLAIMED HIS INNOCENCE. HE WAS CONVICTED FRIDAY NIGHT OF 45 COUNTS OF SEXUALLY ABUSING BOYS OVER 15 YEARS. TODAY, ONE OF HIS LAWYERS SAID SANDUSKY WANTS PEOPLE TO KNOW "HE'S NOT GUILTY." THE ONE-TIME ASSISTANT TO JOE PATERNO WILL BE SENTENCED IN ABOUT THREE MONTHS. THERE WAS WORD TODAY OF GROWING DEFECTIONS FROM THE SYRIAN MILITARY. TURKISH REPORTS SAID TWO SYRIAN GENERALS AND DOZENS OF TROOPS HAVE CROSSED INTO TURKEY, WHERE A REBEL GROUP, THE FREE SYRIAN ARMY, IS BASED. MEANWHILE, THE SYRIAN GOVERNMENT INSISTED IT WAS ACTING IN SELF DEFENSE FRIDAY WHEN TROOPS SHOT DOWN A TURKISH WARPLANE. TURKEY SAID TODAY SYRIA ALSO FIRED ON A SEARCH-AND-RESCUE PLANE. THE TURKS WARNED THE INCIDENTS WILL NOT GO UNPUNISHED. THOSE ARE SOME OF THE DAY'S MAJOR STORIES. NOW, BACK TO JUDY.

>> Brown: THE SUPREME COURT'S IMMIGRATION RULING WAS NOT THE ONLY DECISION ISSUED TODAY. THE JUSTICES FOUND THAT JUVENILES CANNOT CONSTITUTIONALLY BE SENTENCED TO LIFE IN PRISON WITHOUT PAROLE. AND IN A 5-4 DECISION, THE SAME JUSTICES WHO SUPPORTED THE CITIZENS UNITED CAMPAIGN FINANCE DECISION OPTED AGAINST REVISITING IT. MARCIA COYLE JOINS US AGAIN TO EXPLAIN THE RULINGS. HELLO AGAIN, MARCIA.

>> JUDY. Woodruff: THIS START OF THE JUVENILE SENTENCING DECISION. YOU WERE JUST SAYING TO ME A MINUTE AGO TO UNDERSTAND THIS YOU NEED TO REFLECT ON WHAT THE COURT DID LAST YEAR JUST IN THE LAST SESSION ON SENTENCING FOR JUVENILES.

>> THAT'S TRUE, JUDY. JUSTICE KAGAN WROTE TODAY'S OPINION. SHE SAID THAT THE COURT'S DECISION FOLLOWED REALLY TWO PRECEDENTS OF THE COURT INVOLVING JUVENILES AND SENTENCING. THE FIRST ONE... THE FIRST ONE WAS ACTUALLY IN 2005. THAT'S WHEN THE COURT RULED THAT JUVENILES UNDER THE AGE OF 18 COULD NOT BE SENTENCED TO THE... TO DEATH. THE SECOND ONE WAS JUST ONE TERM AGO. IN THAT CASE THE COURT HELD THAT JUVENILES WHO COMMITTED NON-HOMICIDE CRIMES COULD NOT BE SENTENCED TO LIFE IN PRISON WITHOUT PAROLE. SO THIS IS THE NEXT STEP, SHE SAID. AND THAT INVOLVES JUVENILES WHO COMMIT MURDERS/HOMICIDES.

>> Woodruff: THIS IS A 5-4 DECISION. WHAT'S THE ESSENCE OF THE MAJORITY.

>> JUSTICE KAGAN EXPLAINS THAT TWO PRIOR DECISIONS WERE REALLY BASED ON THE FACT, VERY ESSENTIAL, BASICALLY THAT YOUTH MATTERS WHEN IT COMES TO SENTENCING. THOSE PRIOR DECISIONS POINTED OUT THE JUVENILES ARE LESS CULPABLE, LESS RESPONSIBLE FOR THEIR ACTIONS. THEY'RE IMMATURE COMPARED TO ADULTS. JUDGES NEED TO CONSIDER THOSE FACTORS WHEN THEY ARE BEING SENTENCED. ALSO THE CONTEXT OF THEIR HOMES MATTER AS WELL. THE ENVIRONMENT THEY GREW UP IN. A MANDATORY SENTENCE OF LIFE WITHOUT PAROLE DOES NOT ALLOW A JUDGE OR A JURY THAT KIND OF DISCRETION.

>> Woodruff: AND A VERY NOTABLE DISSENT FROM THE CHIEF JUSTICE.

>> CHIEF JUSTICE ROBERTS DID DISSENT. HE POINTED OUT TWO THINGS THAT HE THOUGHT WAS WRONG. FIRST, HE SAID THE 8th AMENDMENT PROHIBITS CRUEL AND UNUSUAL PUNISHMENT. IN THIS CASE HE NOTED THAT IT'S HARD TO SAY THAT MANDATORY SENTENCES OF LIFE WITHOUT PAROLE FOR JUVENILE MURDERS ARE UNUSUAL WHEN YOU HAVE 29 STATES IMPOSING SUCH SENTENCES.

>> Woodruff: WITH SO MANY STATES SAYING THIS CAN BE IMPOSED.

>> EXACTLY. HE ALSO SAID THE COURT GENERALLY UNDER THE 8th AMENDMENT LOOKED TO EVOLVING STANDARDS OF DECENCY IN SOCIETY. HE SAID THOSE EVOLVING STANDARDS DON'T ALWAYS GO IN ONE DIRECTION. LENIENCY. IN FACT, HE SAID THE MODERN TREND HAS BEEN FOR STATES TO APPROVE MANDATORY SENTENCES, SUCH AS THIS FOR JUVENILE MURDERS.

>> Woodruff: THERE WAS ANOTHER DISSENT, IS THAT RIGHT, FROM JUSTICE ALITO.

>> JUSTICE ALITO READ A SUMMARY OF HIS DISSENT FROM THE BENCH. HE BASICALLY ACCUSED THE COURT OF LONG AGO ABANDONING THE ORIGINAL UNDERSTANDING OF TH THEth AMENDMENT.

>> Woodruff: MARCIA, HOW LARGE AN EFFECT IS THIS GOING TO HAVE? THIS IS A VERY PARTICULAR INSTANCE OF JUVENILES WHO HAVE BEEN FOUND GUILTY OF MURDER.

>> SINCE THERE ARE 29 STATES THAT AND THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT THAT DO APPROVE THIS TYPE OF SENTENCE, THERE ARE AN ESTIMATED 2,300 JUVENILES UNDER THESE SENTENCES WHO COMMITTED MURDER UNDER THE AGE OF 18. THESE TWO CASES THAT THE COURT TOOK ACTUALLY INVOLVED 14-YEAR-OLDS. THAT WAS THE QUESTION BEFORE THE COURT. THE COURT TODAY DID EXPAND THE PROHIBITION TO THOSE WHO ARE UNDER 18 WHEN THEY COMMIT MURDER.

>> Woodruff: THE OTHER DECISION HAD TO DO WITH CAMPAIGN FINANCE, THE STATE OF MONTANA ARGUING THAT IT COULD PUT LIMITS ON CAMPAIGN FINANCE EXEMPTING IT FROM THE CITIZENS UNITED, THE CASE OF TWO YEARS AGO.

>> THIS IS A FASCINATING CASE OF PUSHBACK. THE STATE OF MONTANA HAD A 100-YEAR-OLD STATE LAW BANNING CORPORATE EXPENDITURES IN STATE ELECTIONS. THE MONTANA SUPREME COURT A YEAR AGO UPHELD THE BAN SAYING THAT CITIZENS UNITED REALLY DIDN'T APPLY HERE BECAUSE MONTANA HAS A UNIQUE HISTORY OF CORRUPTION DATING BACK TO THAT. THAT'S WHY MONTANANS APPROVED THAT LAW FROM THE COPPER BARONS RULED MONTANA AND ACTUALLY BOUGHT JUDGES AND LEGISLATORS. THE COMPANIES WHO HAD CHALLENGED THE MONTANA LAW THEN TURNED TO THE SUPREME COURT AND ASKED THE SUPREME COURT TO REVERSE THE MONTANA SUPREME COURT. MONTANA CAME BACK AND SAID EITHER AFFIRM OUR SUPREME COURT OR TAKE THE CASE AND RECONSIDER CITIZENS UNITED.

>> Woodruff: IT TURNS OUT THAT THE SAME MAJORITY WHO VOTED FOR CITIZENS IN THE MAJORITY FOR CITIZENS UNITED CAME DOWN EXACTLY THE SAME WAY TODAY AND SAID, NO, YOU'RE WRONG.

>> THAT'S RIGHT. THIS WAS AN UNSIGNED OPINION SO WE DON'T KNOW WHO ACTUALLY WROTE IT. BUT THE MAJORITY SAID THAT IN CITIZENS UNITED THE COURT MADE CLEAR THAT POLITICAL SPEECH DOESN'T LOSE ITS FIRST AMENDMENT PROTECTION IF ITS SOURCE IS A CORPORATION. NOBODY COULD SERIOUSLY DOUBT THAT THAT APPLIES TO MONTANA.

>> Woodruff: WHAT DID THE MINORITY, THE FOUR WHO...

>> WE DO KNOW WHO WROTE THE DISSENT. JUSTICE BREYER WROTE THE DISSENT. HE SAID THAT HE FELT THAT CITIZENS UNITED DID NOT PRECLUDE MONTANA FROM SHOWING WHY THE UNIQUE FACTS OF ITS OWN HISTORY AND CURRENT ELECTIONS SYSTEM COULD JUSTIFY A BAN ON CORPORATE SPENDING AND ITS ELECTIONS BUT HE SAID HE SAW IT WAS CLEAR THAT THE FIVE WHO MADE UP THE MAJORITY IF CITIZENS UNITED WERE NOT GOING TO CHANGE THEIR MINDS. IT'S INTERESTING TO NOTE THAT JUSTICE KAGAN JOINED THE DISSENTERS. WE DIDN'T KNOW WHAT POSITION SHE TOOK AS A JUSTICE EVEN THOUGH SHE HAD ARGUED CITIZENS UNITED ON BEHALF OF THE GOVERNMENT.

>> Woodruff: THERE HAD BEEN A LOT OF SPECULATION ABOUT WHETHER THE JUSTICES WHO WERE IN FAVOR OF THE CITIZENS UNITED DECISIONS MIGHT HAVE HAD SECOND THOUGHTS BUT FROM LOOKING AT THIS IT APPEARS THEY HAVE NOT.

>> RIGHT. AND JUSTICE BREYER AND JUSTICE GINSBERG HAD EARLIER SUGGESTED THAT GIVEN ALL OF THE MONEY THAT WE'RE SEEING TODAY FLOWING IN TO THE CURRENT CAMPAIGNS AROUND THE COUNTRY THAT THE COURT MIGHT WANT TO RECONSIDER THE PROPOSITION THAT INDEPENDENT EXPENDITURES DO NOT CORRUPT OR APPEAR TO CORRUPT ELECTIONS.

>> Woodruff: MARCIA, TELL US A LITTLE BIT ABOUT THE ATMOSPHERE IN THE COURTROOM, THE SUPREME COURT TODAY. THIS IS THE WEEK SO MANY HAVE BEEN WAITING FOR. WE ARE STILL AWAITING... THE COUNTRY IS STILL AWAITING THE JUSTICES' RULING ON THE HEALTH CARE, THE AFFORDABLE CARE ACT. AND NOW WE KNOW WHAT DAY THAT IS IS LIKELY TO COME.

>> WE DO FINALLY. WELL, WE KNOW THAT THURSDAY WILL BE THE LAST DAY OF THE TERM. WE EXPECT THE COURT WILL ISSUE THE HEALTH CARE DECISION THURSDAY. WE NEVER KNOW FOR SURE. WHO KNOWS? SOMETHING COULD HOLD IT UP. BUT WE DO REALLY EXPECT SOMETHING ON THURSDAY. TODAY WE DIDN'T KNOW WHAT DECISIONS WOULD BE COMING. WE KNEW IT WAS A DECISION DAY. AS WELL AS A DAY ON WHICH THEY ISSUE ORDERS SAYING WHAT CASES THEY MAY TAKE NEXT TERM. WHAT CASES THEY WILL NOT TAKE. SO THE COURTROOM ONCE AGAIN WAS CROWDED WITH PRESS, TV CAMERAS WERE LINED UP LIKE LITTLE SOLDIERS AT THE FOOT OF THE PLAZA. EVERYBODY WAS WAITING. I EXPECT WE'RE GOING TO SEE HUGE NUMBER OF PEOPLE ON THURSDAY.

>> Woodruff: DID THEY TAKE PARTICULAR DELIGHT IN TORTURING PEOPLE WHO ARE WAITING FOR THESE DECISIONS?

>> MAYBE THE PRESS. (LAUGHING).

>> Woodruff: MARCIA COYLE OF THE NATIONAL LAW JOURNAL, THANK YOU.

>> MY PLEASURE, JUDY.

>> Ifill: EGYPT HAS A NEW PRESIDENT, ONE WHOSE ELECTION COULD REPRESENT A SHARP TURN FROM THE MUBARAK ERA. JEFFREY BROWN HAS THE STORY. Brown: IT WAS A REMARKABLE MOMENT AS THUNDEROUS CHEERS FILLED CAIRO'S TAHRIR SQUARE ON SUNDAY. THOUSANDS OF SUPPORTERS OF THE MUSLIM BROTHERHOOD, A PARTY THAT HAD BEEN OFFICIALLY OUTLAWED FOR DECADES, CELEBRATED THE ELECTION OF ONE OF THEIR OWN. MORSI AS PRESIDENT OF EGYPT.

>> THANK GOD FOR THE RESULTS. THE REVOLUTION HAS SUCCEEDED. THE REVOLUTION CONTINUES.

>> Brown: 60-YEAR-OLD MORSI IS AN AMERICAN-EDUCATED ENGINEER. HE WON JUST UNDER 52% OF THE VOTE IN A RUN-OFF WITH SHAFIQ WHO SERVED AS THE LAST PRIME MINISTER UNDER OUSTED MUBARAK. SPEAKING ON TELEVISION LAST NIGHT MORSI PROMISED TO BE PRESIDENT OF ALL EGYPTIANS.

>> I'M DETERMINED WITH YOU TO BUILD A NEW EGYPT, A NATIONAL STATE WITH A MODERN DEMOCRATIC CONSTITUTION. I WILL SPEND ALL MY TIME ON THIS BIG PROJECT.

>> Brown: THE NEW PRESIDENT-ELECT BECOMES THE FIRST ISLAMIST TO HEAD THE EGYPTIAN STATE AND THE FIRST CIVILIAN TO HOLD THE OFFICE. LAST NIGHT HE ALSO ADDRESSED CONCERNS ABOUT EGYPT'S INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENT INCLUDING WITH ISRAEL.

>> WE WILL PRESERVE THE INTERNATIONAL ACCORDS AND TREATIES. WE CARRY A MESSAGE OF PEACE TO THE WORLD.

>> Reporter: AND AN ISRAELI FOREIGN MINISTRY SPOKESMAN WELCOMED THE NEWS.

>> WE HAVE THE GREATEST RESPECT FOR DEMOCRATIC CHOICE BY THE PEOPLE. WE LOOK FORWARD TO CONTINUING THE COOPERATION WITH EGYPTIAN GOVERNMENT AND THE EGYPTIAN ADMINISTRATION ON THE BASIS OF THE ISRAEL-EGYPT PEACE AGREEMENT. WHICH IS A JOINT INTEREST OF BOTH COUNTRIES.

>> Woodruff: IN WASHINGTON TODAY THE STATE DEPARTMENT'S VICTORIA NEWLAND SAID MUCH MORE REMAINS TO BE DONE IN EGYPT.

>> WE WANT TO SEE PRESIDENT-ELECT MORSI TAKE STEPS TO ADVANCE NATIONAL UNITY TO UPHOLD UNIVERSAL VALUES, TO RESPECT THE RIGHTS OF ALL EGYPTIANS -- WOMEN, MINORITIES, CHRISTIANS, ET CETERA.

>> Brown: AS MORSI MET TODAY WITH EGYPT'S RULING MILITARY COUNCIL, THE WAY FORWARD WAS AMBIGUOUS AT BEST. IT WAS UNCLEAR JUST HOW MUCH POWER HE WILL HAVE. IN RECENT DAYS EGYPT'S HIGHEST COURT ORDERED THE NEW PARLIAME PARLIAMENT, DOMINATED BY ISLAMISTS, TO BE DISSOLVED. AND THE GENERALS IMPOSED CONSTITUTIONAL CHANGES THAT GIVE THEMSELVES SWEEPING POWERS. FOR MORE ON WHAT LIES AHEAD AFTER EGYPT'S HISTORIC ELECTION, I'M JOINED BY HISHEM MELHEM, THE WASHINGTON BUREAU CHIEF OF AL ARABIYA NEWS. AND SAMER SHEHATA, A PROFESSOR AT THE CENTER FOR CONTEMPORARY ARAB STUDIES AT GEORGETOWN UNIVERSITY. SAMIER, THERE WAS A LOT OF UNCERTAINTY EVEN THE LAST FEW DAYS. IT LOOKED AS THOUGH MORSI HAD WON AND THERE WAS A DELAY WHAT WAS GOING ON BEHIND THE SCENES? DO YOU KNOW?

>> MORSI HAD WON. THE RESULTS THAT THE BROTHERHOOD PUT FORWARD A WEEK AGO, ONLY SIX HOURS AFTER THE POLLS CLOSED WERE VERY SIMILAR TO THE FINAL RESULTS ANNOUNCED. THERE WERE PROBABLY A GREAT DEAL OF NEGOTIATIONS TAKING PLACE. EGYPT IS A PLACE WITHOUT REAL WORKING, LEGITIMATE INSTITUTIONS. SO INFORMAL POLITICS TAKES PLACE IN TAHRIR SQUARE AS A FORM OF PRESSURE AGAINST THE MILITARY COUNCIL TO KEEP THEM HONEST. AND THEY HELD OUT TO PROBABLY TRY TO GET SOME CONCESSIONS OR PUT PRESSURE ON THE BROTHERHOOD CANDIDATE.

>> Brown: THE MILITARY YOU MEAN. THAT'S RIGHT. Brown: HISHAM BEFORE WE LOOK AT ALL THE PROBLEMS -- AND THERE ARE PLENTY -- IT'S STILL A STUNNING MOMENT, ISN'T IT? A GUY FROM THE MUSLIM BROTHERHOOD WHICH WAS OUTLAWED.

>> ABSOLUTELY. THIS IS THE FIRST CIVILIAN PRESIDENT IN THE HISTORY OF THE EGYPTIAN REPUBLIC. FOR THE LAST 60 YEARS EGYPT WAS RULED BY FOUR MILITARY OFFICERS, THE LAST ONE WAS MUBARAK REALLY ENDED BY MARGINALIZING EGYPT AS A REGIONAL POWER ANDY MASK LATING EGYPTIANS INSTITUTIONS. HE HAVE AN 84-YEAR-OLD POLITICAL MOVEMENT THAT STRUGGLED UNDERGROUND ABOVE GROUND CLANDESTINELY VIOLENTLY AND POLITICALLY. NOW THEY FOUND THEMSELVES AT THE PRESIDENTIAL PALACE. BUT IN A PRESIDENCY THAT HAS BEEN ALREADY HALLOWED OUT BY THE MILITARY WHICH HIJACKED THE GOALS OF THE REVOLUTION. HE'S PRESIDING OVER A COUNTRY THAT LACKS A CONSTITUTION. A DISSOLVED PARLIAMENT. HUGE ECONOMIC CRISIS. THE COUNTRY IS ALMOST ON THE VERGE OF BANKRUPTCY. VERY DIVIDED COUNTRY. AND HE HAS TO DEAL WITH THE EXPECTATIONS OF THOSE WHO LED THE REVOLUTION EARLY ON BUT THOSE WHO ALSO VOTED FOR HIM. THEY WANT TO SEE... TO REAP THE ECONOMIC AND POLITICAL FRUIT OF THE REVOLUTION. THEY ARE IMPATIENT.

>> Brown: TELL US A LITTLE BIT MORE ABOUT MORSI HIMSELF, ABOUT THE HIM INVOLVED IN THE CENTER OF THIS NOW. YOU'VE MET HIM.

>> I HAVE. I KNOW MORSI WELL. AS YOUR PIECE MENTIONED HE'S 60 YEARS OLD. HE'S AN ENGINEERING PROFESSOR. HE FINISHED A Ph.D. AT THE UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA ACTUALLY IN 1982. HE CAME TO THIS COUNTRY IN '78. HE TAUGHT AT CAL STATE NORTHRIDGE FOR A COUPLE OF YEARS AFTER THAT. HE HAS FIVE CHILDREN. LONG-TIME MUSLIM BROTHERHOOD LEADER. IN FACT, AT THE HIGHEST LEVELS OF THE ORGANIZATION, THE GUIDANCE BUREAU, HE ALSO WAS A PARLIAMENTARIAN AND HEADED THE PARLIAMENTARY BLOC BETWEEN TWO-2005. RAN FOR RE-ELECTION IN 2005 AND WON BUT BECAUSE OF THE FRAUDULENT ELECTION IT WAS STOLEN FROM HIM. THE THING I THINK TO KNOW ABOUT MORSI IS THAT HE'S REALLY NOT THE PERSON WHO YOU WOULD EXPECT TO HOLD THIS POST. HE'S NOT SOMEONE WHO LIKES THE LIMELIGHT, WHO IS GOOD AT PUBLIC SPEAKING, WHO IS GOOD AT HANDLING. HE'S NOT A POLITICAL FIGURE IN THAT SENSE. HE'S NOT A POLITICIAN. HE'S A POLITICAL ORGANIZER. AND A STRATEGIST WITHIN THE BROTHERHOOD. HE'S NOT EVEN THE MOST INFLUENTIAL INDIVIDUAL IN THE BROTHERHOOD. HE WAS THE BROTHERHOOD'S SECOND OR BACK-UP CHOICE, AS THEY SAY JOKINGLY IN EGYPT HE WAS THE SPARE TIRE. BECAUSE THEIR FIRST CANDIDATE WAS A DEPUTY GUIDE OF THE BROTHERHOOD WAS DISQUALIFIED FOR TECHNICAL REASONS BY THE PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION COMMISSION.

>> Brown: YOU'RE SUGGESTING HE COMES IN AS THE SECOND OR THIRD CHOICE AND HE COMES UP AGAINST A LOT OF POWER.

>> ABSOLUTELY. HE DOES NOT HAVE I THINK THE LEADERSHIP QUALITIES THAT COULD ALLOW HIM NOT ONLY TO CHALLENGE THE SUPREME COUNCIL OF THE ARMED FORCES BUT ALSO THOSE INFLUENTIAL MEMBERS IN HIS MOVEMENT. SO THE QUESTION IS IS, WILL HE FOLLOW THE URGINGS AND THE INFLUENCE OF HIS SUPERIORS IN THE MUSLIM BROTHERHOOD OR HE WILL SEEK TO CHALLENGE THE MILITARY BY FORGING THE KIND OF COALITION WITH THE LIBERALS AND THOSE PEOPLE WHO VOTED FOR SHAFIQ IN ORDER TO CHALLENGE THE MILITARY AND AT THE SAME TIME TELL THEY GYP... EGYPTIANS I'M WILLING TO COMPROMISE THE COALITION THAT WILL END UP ALLOWING US TO CREATE A MODERN, INCLUSIVE EGYPTIAN FUNCTION OF INSTITUTIONS THAT WOULD GUARANTEE THE CIVIL AS WELL AS THE POLITICAL RIGHTS OF EVERY EGYPTIAN INCLUDING THE CHRISTIAN EGYPTIANS AND WOMEN IN PARTICULAR. THERE ARE A LOT OF PEOPLE WHO ARE APPREHENSIVE AND IN A SOMBER MOOD IN EGYPT. THOSE WHO ARE COMMON TRAITING IN TAHRIR ARE OBVIOUSLY HIS SUPPORTERS. LET'S NOT FORGET THE SIMPLE FACT. 50% OF THE EGYPTIANS ELECTED TO STAY HOME. THE OTHER 50 WERE DIVIDED ALMOST RIGHT SMACK IN THE MIDDLE BETWEEN SHAFIQ WHO REPRESENTED THE MILITARY AND ALL THOSE WHO WERE FOR THE ISLAMISTS. IN THE END WE'RE TALKING ABOUT A MAN WHO WAS ELECTED BY 25% OF THE EGYPTIAN ELECTORATE. AND THE CHALLENGE NOW FOR HIM IS HOW TO MANAGE TO GRAB AS MUCH POWER FROM THE MILITARY AS POSSIBLE AND TO ALLAY THE CONCERNS OF SOME.

>> Brown: WHAT ABOUT EGYPT IN THE WORLD NOW? WE HEARD HIM, MORSI SAY HE WOULD ABIDE BY ALL INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENTS. NOTABLY WITH ISRAEL. WHAT DO YOU EXPECT TO SEE HAPPEN?

>> HE SAID THAT TWICE ACTUALLY. HE REPEATED IT IN THE ADDRESS. I THINK FOR THE SHORT TERM VERY LITTLE IS GOING TO HAPPEN IN TERMS OF CHANGE WITH REGARD TO EGYPT'S REGIONAL OR INTERNATIONAL OUTLOOK. THE EGYPTIAN-ISRAELI PEACE ACCORD ISN'T GOING ANYWHERE. HE SAID IN THE PAST THAT HE WANTS TO -- AND MANY EGYPTIANS HAVE SAID -- THAT THEY WANT TO RENEGOTIATE THE SPECIFICS OF THE TREATY. HOW MANY ARMED FORCES OR SECURITY FORCES CAN BE IN ZONES A, B AND C IN SIGN EYE AND SO MANY. AT THE SAME TIME IT'S CRITICAL OF THE UNITED STATES ALTHOUGH HE REALIZES AMERICAN POWER. HE WANTS TO HAVE RELATIONS WITH THE UNITED STATES BASED ON MUTUAL INTERESTS AND MUTUAL RESPECT. IT WOULDN'T BE SO SURPRISING IF IN THE MEDIUM TERM IF HE'S ALLOWED TO SAY THAT THERE ARE SOME DEVELOPMENTS...

>> Brown: IF HE'S ALLOWED TO STAY. YOU SAY THAT AS A REAL POTENTIAL?

>> WELL, THERE IS A POTENTIAL. THE HEAD OF THE MILITARY COUNCIL'S ADVISORY BOARD HAS ALREADY SAID THAT WHEN A NEW CONSTITUTION IS WRITTEN, IT MIGHT BE THE CASE THAT THERE WILL HAVE TO BE NEW PRESIDENTIAL ELECTIONS BECAUSE THE STIPULATIONS ON THE PRESIDENT, THE QUALIFICATIONS MIGHT NOT APPLY TO MORSI. THIS IS AGAIN A STRATEGY ON THE PART OF THE MILITARY COUNCIL TO PUT A LAND MINE IN THE ROAD OF CIVILIAN POWER IN A DEMOCRATIC TRANSITION BECAUSE THEY DON'T WANT A DEMOCRATIC TRANSITION.

>> THE REAL POWER IN EGYPT IS STILL WITH THE MILITARY. THE PROBLEM IS WE HAVE TWO FORCES, THE MILITARY ON THE ONE HAND AND THE ISLAMISTS ON THE OTHER HAND. BOTH OF THEM ARE UNDEMOCRATIC. AT THE SAME TIME BOTH OF THEM CLAIM THAT THEY HAVE ALMOST AN ENTITLEMENT TO RULE EGYPT. THE MUSLIM BROTHERHOOD AS AN OLD POLITICAL MOVEMENT, THEY'RE SAYING WE SHOULD BE IN POWER TO LEAD EGYPT. THE EGYPTIAN MILITARY PUTS THEM AS THE GUARDIANS AND THE FIRST NATIONALISTS IN THE CUP TREEP. WE'RE GOING TO RULE. I THINK MY FEAR IS THAT THE EGYPTIAN MILITARY WILL TOURNEY JIPT INTO ANOTHER ALGERIA WHICH IS NOT NECESSARILY GOING TO HAPPEN BUT THAT WOULD BE ONE SCENARIO. THE OTHER IS THAT ALTHOUGH THEY ACT AS IF THEY WANT TO BE LIKE THE TURKISH MILITARY TO BE THE POWER BEHIND THE CIVILIAN LEADERSHIP THEY MIGHT DO TO EGYPT WHAT THE PAKISTANI MILITARY DID TO PAKISTAN. THAT WOULD BE A REAL TRAGEDY.

>> Brown: YOU'RE SHAKING YOUR HEAD AGAINST SOME OF THAT.

>> A COUPLE OF THE THINGS. THE BROTHERHOOD ISN'T NECESSARILY LIBERAL BUT THEY ARE DEMOCRATIC NUMBER ONE. ALGERIA IS NOT A POSSIBILITY FOR EGYPT IN TERMS OF THAT KIND OF VIOLENCE. IT'S A LITTLE BIT MORE OPTIMISTIC.

>> Brown: THANK YOU BOTH VERY MUCH.

>> Woodruff: FINALLY TONIGHT, WE BEGIN A WEEKLONG SERIES OF REPORTS FROM MEXICO BY MARGARET WARNER. HER FIRST FOCUS IS ON ITS UPCOMING PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION.

>> Warner: A NEW TWIST ON AN OLD SONG BLARED ACROSS THE PLAZA, TOUTING THE ARRIVAL OF ENRIQUE PENA NIETO, THE FRONTRUNNER TO BE MEXICO'S NEXT PRESIDENT. AS FORMER GOVERNOR OF THIS STATE HE BASQUEED IN THE CROWD. THIS IS HIS HOMETOWN. AN HISTORIC POWER BASE FOR MEXICO'S ONCE DOMINANT INSTITUTIONAL REVOLUTIONARY PARTY.

>> WE'RE GOING TO WIN BUT WE DESERVE TO WIN BECAUSE WE HAVE A PLAN.

>> Warner: WITH HIS MATINEE IDOL LOOKS, SOAP OPERA STAR WIFE AND COMMANDING LEAD IN THE POLLS, PENA NIETO SEEMED POISED TO VAULT HIS PARTY BACK TO POWER NEXT SUNDAY AFTER 12 YEARS IN THE WILDERNESS. THE SEVEN DECADES LONG RULE WAS UPENDED IN 2000 BY VOTERS WEARY OF ITSELF SERVING AND AUTHORITARIAN WAYS. BUT THAT HISTORY DIDN'T TROUBLE THIS FARMER.

>> I'M GOING TO VOTE FOR ENRIQUE PENA BECAUSE THE PRE-GOVERNMENT HAVE GOTTEN PROJECTS FINISHED. THEY'VE HELPED THE COUNTRYSIDE.

>> Warner: PENA NIETO'S CHIEF RIVALS HAVE STRONG BASES OF SUPPORT BUT CAN'T MATCH HIM IN THE DAZZLE DEPARTMENT. NOT THE LEFT-LEANING PARTY OF DEMOCRATIC REVOLUTION OR P.R.D. CANDIDATES. FORMER MEXICO CITY MAYOR OBRADOR. HE CAME IN A RAZOR CLOSE SECOND JUST SIX YEARS AGO BUT AFTER STAGING DRAWN-OUT PROTESTS AGAINST THE RESULT, HE LOST MANY MEXICANS. ALSO STRUGGLING FORMER LEGISLATOR JOSEPHINA VASQUEZ MOTA AND CURRENT PRESIDENT FELIPE CALDERON'S BUSINESS-ORIENTED NATIONAL ACTION PARTY. HIS PARTY HAS DELIVERD SLOW BUT STEADY ECONOMIC GROWTH AND AN IMPRESSIVE 4.5% IN THE FIRST QUARTER THIS YEAR BUT TO NO AVAIL SAYS ANALYST DENISE STRESSOR.

>> THE NATIONAL ACTION PARTY IS GOING TO BE PUNISHED AT THE POLLS SO THIS IS IS NOT GOING TO BE A POCKETBOOK ELECTION. IT'S GOING TO BE LARGELY A SECURITY ELECTION. IT'S GOING TO BE AN ELECTION OVER CALDERON'S WAR ON DRUGS AND HOW THAT IS VIEWED BY MANY MEXICANS AS A FAILED EFFORT DESPITE THE PRESIDENT'S BEST INTENTIONS.

>> Warner: SOME 55,000 PEOPLE HAVE BEEN KILLED SINCE EARLY 2007 WHEN CALDERON DEPLOYED THE ARMY AGAINST THE DRUG CARTEL. WAR BROKE OUT BETWEEN THEM AND BETWEEN RIVAL GANGS. MANY MEXICANS NOW SEEM TO LONG FOR THE SECURITY OF DAYS GONE BY.

>> THERE'S A LOT OF VIOLENCE. THERE'S BEEN A LOT OF MURDER. BEFORE THERE WERE NONE.

>> PEOPLE ARE DISILLUSIONED WITH THE STATE OF THE COUNTRY. THEY'RE SEEKING A CHANGE. AND PARADOXICALLY THE FORMER RULING PARTY HAS POSITIONED ITSELF AS THE OPTION OF CHANGE.

>> Warner: BUT IS THIS JUST THE OLD PARTY WITH A FRESH FACE? AT A MARCH AGAINST PENA NIETO SUNDAY ANTI-PRE-SEPTEMBER IMENT WAS STRONG. ISRAEL MARTINEZ SAYS THINGS WENT DOWNHILL AFTER THE PRE WON THE GOVERNORSHIP OF HIS STATE.

>> WHEN THE PRE TOOK OVER, THAT'S WHEN THE KILLING STARTED, THE KIDNAPPING, THE EXTORTION. THE PRE IS WITH THE NARCOTRAFFICKER.

>> Warner: OBRADOR SAYS THE ELECTION IS ABOUT WHETHER VOTERS WANT TO RETURN NOT TO THE STABILITY OF THE PRE ERA BUT ITSELF DEALING.

>> THE ELECTION OF JULY 1 WILL BE A REFERENDUM TO ASK MEXICANS IF THEY WANT TO CONTINUE THE CORRUPTION OR IF THEY WANT REAL CHANGE.

>> THE PRE USED TO BE MORE OF THE POLITICAL SYSTEM THAN JUST A PARTY. THAT'S NOT THE CASE ANYMORE. THE PRE IS JUST A PARTY, A BIG PARTY BUT JUST A POLITICAL PARTY.

>> Warner: PENA NIETO'S CAMPAIGN MANAGER SAYS FEARS OF A RETURN TO THE OLD PRE'S AUTHORITARIAN STYLE ARE GROUNDLESS.

>> VERY DIFFERENT FROM WHAT IT WAS BEFORE. WE HAVE FULL DEMOCRACY NOW. THE PRE IS PART OF IT. I THINK THIS ELECTION IS ABOUT THE PAST.

>> Warner: THERE ARE MANY CRITICS -- AND WE'VE TALKED TO SOME -- WHO SAY IT'S NOT A NEW PRE BUT THE OLD PRE IN NEW CLOTHING. ONCE IT GETS BACK IN POWER, IT WILL STILL GOVERN WITH THE HEAVY HAND AND SORT OF THE OLD WAY.

>> THE CITIZENS WOULD NEVER ALLOW THAT TO HAPPEN.

>> Warner: SOME YOUNG PEOPLE DON'T WANT TO CHANCE IT. THE NEW SOCIAL MEDIA-DRIVEN STUDENT MOVEMENT IS OPPOSING THE PRE'S RETURN. THEY CHARGE PENA NIETO AS A CREATURE OF MEXICO'S TWO BROADCASTING GIANTS. THE MOVEMENT SPROUTED IN EARLY MAY AFTER PENA NIETO WAS CHALLENGED AND THEN HECKLED BY STUDENTS AT A UNIVERSITY, WHEN HIS CAMPAIGN DISMISSED THEM AS POLITICAL PLANTS, 131 OF THEM SHOT BACK WITH THIS YOU-TUBE VIDEO FLASHING THEIR SCHOOL I.D.s. THE VIDEO WENT VIRAL, CONNECTED THROUGH FACEBOOK AND TWITTER. THOUSANDS BEGAN SHOWING UP AT ANTI-PRE RALLIES SUPPORTING BANNERS PROCLAIMING "I AM NUMBER 132."

>> WE DON'T WANT TO BE TREATED LIKE KIDS, YOU KNOW, OR LIKE... WE'RE CITIZENS. WE NEED OUR VOICE TO BE HEARD LIKE CITIZENS.

>> Warner: THE PERSON WHO MADE THE VIDEO SAYS YOUNG MEXICANS WON'T BE MANIPULATED.

>> CORPORATIONS ARE TRYING TO CONTROL THE INFORMATION IN MEXICO AND ARE TRYING TO IMPOSE A PRESIDENTIAL CANDIDATE IN VERY UNETHICAL WAYS.

>> Warner: BUT IN THE SOCIAL MEDIA WARS THEY'RE UP AGAINST PENA NIETO'S ARMY OF YOUNG TECH SAVVY STAFF.

>> HERE THEY DO ALL THE VIDEOS YOU CAN SEE ON YOU-TUBE. E.P.N.-TV.

>> Warner: THIS PERSON RUNS HIS SOCIAL MEDIA TEAM.

>> VERY INTO SOCIAL MEDIA. Warner: YOU DON'T HAVE TO COACH HIM. HE IS VERY INTERESTED IN THIS.

>> HE IS VERY INTERESTED. HE KNOWS THE POWER OF THIS. THE CAMPAIGN KNOWS THE POWER OF THE INTERNET AND SOCIAL MEDIA.

>> Warner: FROM YOU-TUBE, TO FACEBOOK, THE PROMOTION AT LIGHTNING SPEED. PENA NIETO HIMSELF TWEETS UP TO TEN TIMES A DAY. YET THE MOVEMENT HAS COST HIM SOME SUPPORT FROM 18- TO 29-YEAR-OLDS.

>> FOR US IT'S REALLY A GREAT CHALLENGE. WE HAVE TO BE VERY CREATIVE, VERY CREATIVE ON HOW WE APPROACH THAT.

>> Warner: THE STUDENTS' NEW ACTIVISM SHOOK UP THE RACE.

>> I THINK IT'S TOO SMALL AND CAME TOO LATE TO MAKE AN ELECTORAL DIFFERENCE BUT IT IS CERTAINLY MAKING A DIFFERENCE IN TERMS OF THE PUBLIC DEBATE. IT'S ALSO A MOVEMENT THAT HAS SHAKEN UP THE POLITICAL ESTABLISHMENT IN ONE KEY AREA THAT HAS TO DO WITH MEDIA CONTROL.

>> Warner: OWNER OF THE SECOND BIGGEST NETWORK DENIES THE BROADCAST DUOPOLY IS FAVORING PENA NIETO.

>> EVERYTHING THAT YOU DO IN THE MEDIA IS SUBJECT TO SCRUTINY. WE TRY TO DO OUR BEST IN TERMS OF BALANCE AND FAIRNESS. WE STANDBY THAT.

>> Reporter: BUT HE TOOK THE STUDENT MOVEMENT'S CRITICISMS ENOUGH TO HEART TO ADDRESS THEM IN A LENGTHY BLOG.

>> I WANTEDDED TO MAKE IT REALLY CLEAR THAT WE SUPPORT THE DEMANDS OF THE YOUTH AND THE PEOPLE IN GENERAL FOR DEMOCRACY, FOR LIBERTY. JUST COMPLAINING ABOUT SOMETHING AND NOT DOING ANYTHING IS NOT GOING TO FIX IT.

>> Warner: WHAT NEEDS FIXING, SAY MOST MEXICANS, IS IS TO SPEED UP ECONOMIC GROWTH. BUT IS ANY POTENTIAL PRESIDENT READY TO OPEN UP PRIVATE AND PUBLIC MONOPOLIES TO COMPETITION? THE OIL AND ENERGY SPECTER RUN BY STATE-OWNED COMPANY AND TELECOM DOMINATED BY THE WORLD'S RICHEST MAN: PENA NIETO ADVISORS CONCEDES INVITING MORE COMPETITION AT HOME AND INVESTMENT FROM ABROAD WILL MEAN TAKING ON CORPORATE AND LABOR PILLARS OF THE PRE.

>> I THINK THAT THE PRE CAN DEAL WITH SOME OF THE UNIONS, FOR INSTANCE, BETTER THAN THE OTHER POLITICAL PARTIES.

>> Warner: BECAUSE? MAYBE ONLY THE PRE CAN OPEN THE ECONOMY AND GET A TAX REFORM.

>> Warner: BUT THE TV TIE CON SAYS FASTER ECONOMIC GROWTH ISN'T POSSIBLE IF THE DRUG WAR CONTINUES RAGING IN ITS CURRENT FORM.

>> THE LEADERSHIP HAS BEEN HORRENDOUSLY DISTRACTED BY THIS WAR INSTEAD OF THINKING ABOUT JOBS AND INVESTMENT AND EMPLOYMENT AND EDUCATION. WE'RE ALWAYS CATCHING THE NEXT DRUG LEADER.

>> Warner: ORDINARY MEXICANS ARE ALSO CALLING FOR A NEW APPROACH IN THE DRUG WAR. AT A SATURDAY MARKET IN MONTEREY, MARIA BELLDA SAID TWO PEOPLE, ONE WITH A BABY, WERE GUNNED DOWN IN HER NEIGHBORHOOD JUST LAST WEEK.

>> THERE'S SOMETHING ABOUT THE VIOLENCE. I CANNOT GO ON LIKE THIS.

>> Warner: OTHER MEXICANS OUTSIDE POLITICS HAVE JOINED THE CHORUS. THIS GRIPPING VIDEO APPEARED ON YOU-TUBE JUST AFTER THE CAMPAIGN BEGAN. STARRING 9- TO 11-YEAR-OLD SCHOOL CHILDREN AS HITMEN, KIDNAPPERS, AND INNOCENT BY-STANDERS.

>> IF THIS IS THE FUTURE THAT AWAITS ME I DON'T WANT IT. CANDIDATES, ARE YOU JUST GOING FOR THE PRESIDENCY OR ARE YOU REALLY GOING TO CHANGE OUR COUNTRY'S FUTURE?

>> Warner: MILLIONS SUBMITTED THEIR OWN VISIONS FOR THE FUTURE TO THE WEBSITE. LAST WEEK MOTA PLEDGED TO CARRY THEM OUT.

>> WE NEED A MEXICO AT PEACE, WHERE YOU CAN PLAY IN THE PARK WITHOUT FEAR.

>> Warner: BUT PROMISES ASIDE, THE CANDIDATES HAVE BEEN SHORT ON SPECIFICS.

>> THE KEY ISSUE THAT'S BEEN MISSING FROM THIS PRESIDENTIAL DEBATE IS WHAT WORRIES MEXICANS THE MOST. WHICH IS HOW TO COMBAT INSECURITY. IT IS IS THE ISSUE THAT THE THREE MAIN CANDIDATES HAVE ELUDED BECAUSE THEY DON'T SEEM TO HAVE ALTERNATIVES THAT ARE ALL THAT DIFFERENT FROM PRESIDENT CALDERON.

>> Warner: THIS LEAVES MEXICANS IN A FIX. CONVINCED THEY'RE LOSING THE STRUGGLE AGAINST VIOLENCE BUT LACKING CLEAR CHOICES FROM ANY OF THEIR WOULD-BE PRESIDENTS ON HOW TO WIN IT.

>> Woodruff: ON OUR WEBSITE YOU CAN WATCH ALL OF THAT YOU-TUBE VIDEO WITH THE MEXICAN CHILDREN AND THE STUDENT PROTEST VIDEO. ALSO THERE WE'VE POSTED FRONTRUNNER PENA NIETO'S TWITTER STREAM. PLUS WE'VE ROUNDED UP AND TRANSLATED SOME OF THE CAMPAIGN ADS OF MEXICAN'S TOP PRESIDENTIAL CONTENDERS. WE'VE PROVIDED LINKS TO THE CANDIDATES' WEBSITES. ALL OF THAT IS OUR WORLD PAGE.

>> Ifill: AGAIN, THE MAJOR DEVELOPMENTS OF THE DAY. THE U.S. SUPREME COURT RENDERED A MIXED VERDICT ON ARIZONA'S TOUGH IMMIGRATION LAW. THE COURT STRUCK DOWN MUCH OF THE STATUTE, BUT UPHELD A SECTION THAT MAKES POLICE CHECK PAPERS ON THOSE THEY CONSIDER SUSPICIOUS. STOCKS FELL ON RENEWED DOUBTS ABOUT PROGRESS ON EUROPE'S DEBT TROUBLES. THE DOW INDUSTRIALS LOST NEARLY 140 POINTS. AND THE NEW ISLAMIST PRESIDENT- ELECT OF EGYPT MET WITH THE RULING MILITARY COUNCIL, HOPING TO EASE A LOOMING POWER STRUGGLE. HARI SREENIVASAN HAS MORE ON WHAT ELSE YOU'LL FIND ON THE NEWSHOUR ONLINE. HARI?

>> Sreenivasan: VIEW MORE REACTION TO THE SUPREME COURT'S RULING ON IMMIGRATION, INCLUDING STATEMENTS FROM ARIZONA GOVERNOR JAN BREWER AND PRESIDENT OBAMA. ON ART BEAT, JEFFREY BROWN TALKS TO GRAMMY AWARD-WINNING SINGER SONGWRITER SHAWN COLVIN, WHO HAS WRITTEN A NEW MEMOIR. SHE ALSO PLAYS A FEW SONGS FOR US. YOU CAN SEND YOUR QUESTIONS ON OUR MAKING CENTS PAGE. ALL THAT AND MORE IS ON OUR ALL THAT AND MORE IS ON OUR WEB SITE, newshour.pbs.org. GWEN?

>> Ifill: AND THAT'S THE NEWSHOUR FOR TONIGHT. ON TUESDAY, WE'LL LOOK AT THE RENEWED DEBATE OVER WHETHER WOMEN CAN HAVE IT ALL. I'M GWEN IFILL.

>> Woodruff: AND I'M JUDY WOODRUFF. WE'LL SEE YOU ONLINE, AND AGAIN HERE TOMORROW EVENING. THANK YOU, AND GOOD NIGHT. MAJOR FUNDING FOR THE PBS NEWSHOUR HAS BEEN PROVIDED BY:

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