PBS NewsHour; October 19, 2010 7:00pm-8:00pm EDT

Captioning sponsored by MacNEIL/LEHRER PRODUCTIONS Lehrer: GOOD EVENING. I'M JIM LEHRER. MORE THAN ONE MILLION PEOPLE TOOK TO THE STREETS ACROS FRANCE TODAY TO PROTEST A HIKE IN THE RETIREMENT AGE.

>> Ifill: AND I'M GWEN IFILL. ON THE NEWSHOUR TONIGHT, WE GET AN ON-THE GROUND REPORT ON THE DEMONSTRATIONS, AND LOOK AT WHAT'S TURNING INTO EUROPE'S BIGGEST OBSTACLE TO ECONOMIC REFORM.

>> Lehrer: THEN, TWO DOCTORS EXAMINE THE LATEST RESEARCH ON HORMONE THERAPY FOR POST- MENOPAUSAL WOMEN.

>> Ifill: PAUL SOLMAN PROFILES A BOSTON NONPROFIT GROUP THAT IS HELPING HOMEOWNERS FIGHT FORECLOSURES AND EVICTIONS.

>> THEY TOOK MY LIFE SAVINGS. NOW THEY'RE GOING TO TAKE MY HOUSE. YOU KNOW SOMETHING, I'M NOT GOING NOWHERE.

>> Lehrer: MARGARET WARNER REPORTS ON TODAY'S DEADLY ATTACKS BY ISLAMIC MILITANTS IN RUSSIA'S SOUTHERN REPUBLIC OF CHECHNYA.

>> Ifill: AND JEFFREY BROWN TALKS TO FORMER WORLD BANK PRESIDENT JAMES WOLFENSOHN ABOUT HIS MEMOIR, "A GLOBAL LIFE."

>> WE WILL NOT HAVE A STABLE WORLD UNLESS OUR CHILDREN AND THEIR CHILDREN REALLY THINK GLOBALLY AND THINK IN TERMS OF A BALANCED LIFE.

>> Lehrer: THAT'S ALL AHEAD ON TONIGHT'S NEWSHOUR. MAJOR FUNDING FOR THE PBS NEWSHOUR HAS BEEN PROVIDED BY:

>> I DO A LOT OF DIFFERENT KINDS OF EXERCISE, BUT, BASICALLY, I'M A RUNNER. LAST YEAR, I HAD A BUM KNEE THAT NEEDED SURGERY, BUT IT GOT COMPLICATED BECAUSE I HAD AN OLD INJURY. SO I WANTED A DOCTOR WHO HAD DONE THIS BEFORE. AND UNITED HEALTHCARE'S DATABASE HELPED ME FIND A SURGEON. YOU KNOW, YOU CAN'T HAVE GREAT LEGS IF YOU DON'T HAVE GOOD KNEES.

>> WE'RE 78,000 PEOPLE LOOKING OUT FOR 70 MILLION AMERICANS. THAT'S HEALTH IN NUMBERS. UNITED HEALTHCARE.

>> WE NEED RENEWABLE ENERGY.

>> IT'S VITAL TO OUR PLANET.

>> YOU HEAR ABOUTALITY TERN TIFFS, RIGHT? WIND, SOLAR.

>> I THINK IT WILL WORK ON A BIG SCALE. I THINK IT WILL BE AFFORDABLE.

>> SO WHERE ARE THEY?

>> IT HAS TO WORK IN THE REAL WORLD. AT CHEVRON WE'RE INVESTING MILLIONS IN SOLAR AND BIOFUELS TECHNOLOGY TO MAKE IT WORK.

>> WE HAVE TO GET ON THIS NOW.

>> RIGHT NOW. >

>> AND BY THE BILL AND MELINDA GATES FOUNDATION. DEDICATED TO THE IDEA THAT ALL PEOPLE DESERVE THE CHANCE TO LIVE A HEALTHY PRODUCTIVE LIFE. AND WITH THE ONGOING SUPPORT OF THESE INSTITUTIONS AND FOUNDATIONS. AND... THIS PROGRAM WAS MADE POSSIBLE BY THE CORPORATION FOR PUBLIC BROADCASTING. AND BY CONTRIBUTIONS TO YOUR PBS STATION FROM VIEWERS LIKE YOU. THANK YOU.

>> Lehrer: TRAVEL ACROSS FRANCE WAS DISRUPTED TODAY AND SPORADIC VIOLENCE FLARED AT PROTEST MARCHES. OPPONENTS OF PRESIDENT NICOLAS SARKOZY'S PENSION REFORM MADE A LAST-DITCH ATTEMPT TO STOP IT. JONATHAN RUGMAN OF INDEPENDENT TELEVISION NEWS REPORTS FROM PARIS.

>> Reporter: IN THE PARIS SUBURB THIS MORNING, MASKED TEENAGERS THREW STONES AT POLICE WHO RESPONDED WITH TEAR GAS. PRESIDENT SARKOZY'S RESPONSE: THAT HE WOULD DEAL WITH TROUBLEMAKERS AND CONTINUE WITH WHAT HE CALLED HIS DUTY TO PASS PENSION REFORM. BUT IN THE CENTER OF THE CAPITAL, A LARGE BUT GOOD NATURED CROWD MARCHED AGAINST HIM. RUBBISH COLLECTED. TEACHERS, LORRY DRIVERS ALL INCENSED AT BEING TOLD THAT THE AGE OF RETIREMENT WOULD RISE FROM 60 TO 62. FRANCE KNOWS IT HAS TO CHANGE AFTER THE WORST ECONOMIC DOWNTURN IN DECADES BUT THE FRENCH ALSO KNOW THEY HAVE A WAY OF LIFE TO PROTECT.

>> IN ENGLAND I HAVE TO WORK UNTIL 65.

>> WE.

>> WHY SHOULDN'T YOU IN FRANCE WORK UNTIL 62?

>> IT'S NOT BECAUSE EUROPE HAS DECIDED WE HAVE TO HAVE THE SAME SYSTEM. WE ARE NOT OKAY WITH THAT.

>> THE FRENCH ARE THE FRENCH.

>> FRANCE IS FRANCE.

>> PEOPLE AFTER 50 CAN'T GET ANY JOB. THEY CAN'T GET WORK. THEY WANT TO MAKE US BELIEVE THAT PEOPLE WILL STILL HAVE A JOB UNTIL 62. NO.

>> Reporter: DO YOU THINK THE PRESIDENT WILL CHANGE HIS MIND?

>> NO, I DON'T THINK. I THINK IF HE CHANGES HIS MIND,.

>> Reporter: THE PRESIDENT HIMSELF WAS WITH THE LEADERS OF RUSSIA AND GERMANY.

>> I HAVE REFLECTED DEEPLY BEFORE SETTING THE RETIREMENT REFORMS IN FRANCE IN MOTION. THESE REFORMS HAVE BEEN POSTPONED FOR TOO LONG. THAT COULD NO LONGER HAPPEN. WHY? BECAUSE WE NEED TO BE SURE THAT THE PENSION OF TODAY AND TOMORROW KNOW THEY WILL RECEIVE THEIR PENSIONS.

>> Reporter: SO THERE'S A STAND-OFF WITH FRENCH UNIONS BLOCKADING OIL REFINERIES AND DEPRIVING MOTORISTS OF PET ROLL IN WHAT IS FOR NOW THE BIGGEST CHALLENGE TO AN ECONOMIC REFORM PROGRAM ANYWHERE IN EUROPE. UP TO 50% OF FLIGHTS WERE GROUNDED BY FUEL SHORTAGES TODAY, BUT DESPITE THE SCALE OF DISRUPTION, THIS IS THE BEGINNING OF THE END. CARS WERE TORCHED AND SHOPS SMASHED AND LOOTED. AND A VIOLENT MINORITY IS NOT BOEING OUT WITHOUT A FIGHT. YET FRANCE'S LOWER HOUSE HAS ALREADY VOTEDED ON THE PRESIDENT'S REFORMS AND THE SENATE MAY DO THE SAME IN A MATTER OF DAYS.

>> Lehrer: FOR MORE, WE GO TO MILDRID CHERFILS. SHE'S A CORRESPONDENT FOR THE INTERNATIONAL WEBSITE GLOBAL POST. I TALKED WITH HER EARLIER THIS EVENING FROM PARIS. WELCOME.

>> THANK YOU.

>> EXPLAIN TO US FIRST WHY HAS A SEEMINGLY SMALL CHANGE IN THE RETIREMENT AGE TRIGGERED SUCH A RESPONSE?

>> WELL, ESSENTIALLY THE FRENCH ARE VERY TIED TO THEIR SOCIAL BENEFITS. THIS REFORM IS SEEN AS A CHIPPING AWAY OF RIGHTS THEY'VE FOUGHT FOR, THAT THEY FEEL THAT THEY HAVE EARNED OVER YEARS. IT FEELS LIKE IT'S THE BEGINNING OF THE END OF SOMETHING FOR THEM. THAT'S ONE OF THE REASONS WHY IT'S CAUSING SO MUCH TENSION BETWEEN THE GOVERNMENT AND THE UNIONS.

>> Lehrer: THERE ARE A LOT OF YOUNG PEOPLE INVOLVED IN THIS TOO, AS WELL. WHAT IS THEIR COMPLAINT ABOUT THIS?

>> THEY FEEL THAT THEY HAVE SOMETHING AT STAKE IN THIS REFORM AS WELL BECAUSE A LOT OF THEM ARE WORRIED ABOUT JOBS. A LOT OF THEM ARE WORRIED ABOUT HAVING TO WORK LONGER TO CONTRIBUTE INTO THE PENSION SYSTEM THAT THEY MAY OR MAY NOT BENEFIT FROM IN THE FUTURE BECAUSE WHO IS TO SAY WHETHER OR NOT THERE WILL STILL BE A PENSION SYSTEM BY THE TIME THEY RETIRE? THEY'RE WORRIED TWO-FOLD. THEIR WORRIES ARE TWO-FOLD. NOT BEING ABLE TO FIND JOBS TO BEGIN WITH OR STARTING LATER BECAUSE THEY'RE HAVING TO DO... TO STAY IN SCHOOL FOR A LOT LONGER TO GET BETTER-PAYING JOBS. ON THE OTHER END, NOT EVEN BEING ABLE TO BENEFIT FROM ALL THIS WORK THAT THEY'VE DONE.

>> Lehrer: SO, THE RETIREMENT AGE ISSUE IS JUST PART OF A BIGGER, BIGGER COMPLAINT AND UNREST, CORRECT?

>> EXACTLY. IT NEEDS TO BE SAID THAT PRESIDENT SARKOZY IS FACING RE-ELECTION IN 2012 AND SO THERE'S A LOT THAT'S BEEN... A LOT OF CHANGES THE GOVERNMENT HAS BEEN TRYING TO IMPLEMENT. THERE'S BEEN A LOT OF BACK LASH. A LOT OF SECURITY MEASURES. A LOT OF OTHER REFORMS AND CUTS IN SERVICES, CUTS IN POLICE, CUTS IN HOSPITAL STAFF, ET CETERA. SO PEOPLE JUST KIND OF FEEL LIKE THEY'VE HAD ENOUGH, AND THIS REFORM IS VERY SYMBOLIC OF THAT, OF THAT FRUSTRATION THAT THEY FEEL THAT THE GOVERNMENT IS TRYING TO TAKE SOMETHING AWAY FROM THEM.

>> Lehrer: HOW REPRESENTATIVE OF THE TOTAL POPULATION ARE THESE PROTESTERS AND THEIR PROTESTS? I MEAN, IS THIS A SMALL GROUP OF PEOPLE FROM A PERSPECTIVE OF THE TOTAL FRENCH POPULATION WHO IS UPSET AND TAKING TO THE STREETS OR IS IT REPRESENTATIVE OF A LARGER PICTURE?

>> WELL, I MEAN, IT SHOULD BE NOTED THAT THERE ARE 64 MILLION FRENCH PEOPLE, AND TAKING TO THE STREETS THE NUMBERS VARY DEPENDING ON WHO IS DOING THE COUNTING. THE UNIONS PUT THE NUMBER AT 3.5 MILLION IN THE STREETS WHEREAS THE POLICE WILL PUT THE NUMBERS AT 1.1 OR 1.2. IT'S VERY DIFFICULT TO GAUGE ON JUST NUMBERS ALONE, BUT THE MAJORITY OF FRENCH PEOPLE DO UNDERSTAND THAT THE RETIREMENT AGE HAS TO BE... HAS TO CHANGE. IT HAS TO GO FROM 60 TO 62. BUT AT THE SAME TIME THE UNIONS HAVE TO... FRENCH PEOPLE ARE VERY TIED TO THEIR RIGHT TO STRIKE WHICH THEY WILL TAKE TO THE STREETS FOR VARIOUS REASONS. A LOT OF OTHER COUNTRIES ARE PROBABLY ENVIOUS OF THAT KIND OF NOT BACKING DOWN FROM THE GOVERNMENT. SO IT'S THEIR RIGHT. THEY'VE EARNED IT. THEY USE IT, THE STRIKE TO STRIKE, THAT IS. THEY WILL TAKE TO THE STREET. THIS IS WHAT THIS IS PROVING. THIS IS WHAT THIS PROTEST IS PROVING.

>> Lehrer: WHAT ABOUT THE VIOLENCE? IT BEGAN VERY PEACEFULLY. NOW THERE ARE THESE REPORTS OF VIOLENCE. WHAT'S BEHIND THAT?

>> I THINK IN VARIOUS SOCIAL SITUATIONS THAT I'VE SEEN HERE, MOVEMENTS THAT I'VE SEEN HERE, IT SEEMS TO BE SOMETIMES THERE ARE SOME TROUBLEMAKERS WHO ARE IN THE CROWD AND THEY COME TO ESSENTIALLY START TROUBLE SO THAT... EITHER TO INCITE THE POLICE, TO ACT IN THE HEAVY- HANDED WAY OR THE OTHER WAY AROUND. I MEAN THERE ARE PEOPLE WHO HAVE SUGGESTED THAT MAYBE IT'S EVEN THE POLICE THEMSELVES WHO ARE UNIDENTIFIED POLICE OFFICERS IN THE CROWD INCITING PEOPLE TO KIND OF CAUSE CHAOS AND TROUBLE SO THAT ON BOTH SIDES THE STRIKES CAN BE SEEN AS SOMETHING NEGATIVE TO KEEP PEOPLE AWAY OR WHAT HAVE YOU. BUT IT MEANS THERE WERE A LOT OF... THERE ARE A LOT OF YOUNG PEOPLE INVOLVED NOW. A LOT OF HIGH SCHOOLERS ARE TAKING TIME OFF FROM SCHOOL TO PARTICIPATE IN THE PROTESTS. AND SCHOOL WAS ACTUALLY BURNED DOWN SO IT IS ESCALATING. GOVERNMENT IS RECOGNIZING THAT AND HAS EVEN USED THE WORD, IT'S BECOMING MORE RADICAL.

>> Lehrer: IS THERE AN END-GAME HERE? I MEAN, DO YOU THINK THAT THIS PROTEST COULD LEAD TO SOME KIND OF REVERSAL IN THE PARLIAMENT OF THE RETIREMENT AGE THING OR WHAT DO YOU SEE HAPPENING AS A RESULT OF ALL OF THIS?

>> WELL, IT'S CLEAR THAT BOTH... IT'S AN IMPASSE. BOTH SIDES ARE NOT BACKING DOWN. BOTH SIDES HAVE A LOT OF FACE TO SAVE QUITE FRANKLY. THE PRESIDENT HAS SAID REPEATEDLY IN HIS... AND HIS MINISTERS AND EVERYONE WHO IS BACKING HIM REPEATEDLY SAID THIS HAS TO HAPPEN. FUNDAMENTALLY PEOPLE DO UNDERSTAND THAT IT DOES HAVE TO HAPPEN BUT THE UNIONS... THEY HAVE TO FIGHT, THEY HAVE TO FIGHT THE GOOD FIGHT, IF YOU WILL. SO WHAT THEY'RE TRYING TO DO IS TO RESTART THE DISCUSSION, IS TO GET THEM... TO GET BOTH SIDES BACK TO THE. BUT THE VOTE IS EXPECTED THIS WEEK. IT'S ALREADY PASSED THE LOWER HOUSE OF PARLIAMENT. THE NATIONAL ASSEMBLY. AND IT'S EXPECTED TO PASS THE SENATE. THEY'RE PUTTING IN LONG HOURS DEBATING IT AND HOPEFULLY BY THE END OF THE WEEK WE'LL HAVE A DEFINITIVE ANSWER AS TO WHAT THEY'VE COME UP WITH. BUT BOTH SIDES DON'T SEEM TO BE BACKING DOWN. SO IT REMAINS TO BE SEEN HOW IT'S GOING TO END.

>> Lehrer: THANK YOU VERY MUCH.

>> Ifill: STILL TO COME ON THE NEWSHOUR, THE HORMONE THERAPY DEBATE; THE FIGHT AGAINST FORECLOSURES; THE NEW VIOLENCE IN CHECHNYA; AND THE GLOBAL LIFE OF JAMES WOLFENSOHN. BUT FIRST, WITH THE OTHER NEWS OF THE DAY, HERE'S HARI SREENIVASAN IN OUR NEWSROOM.

>> Sreenivasan: SAUDI ARABIA'S INTERIOR MINISTRY CONFIRMED TODAY IT HAS ISSUED A NEW TERROR WARNING INVOLVING AN AL-QAEDA OFFSHOOT GROUP IN YEMEN. THIS IS THE LATEST IN A STRING OF ALERTS ABOUT POSSIBLE TERROR ATTACKS IN EUROPE. SAUDI OFFICIALS DID NOT SPECIFY WHICH COUNTRIES WERE TIPPED OFF. BUT OFFICIALS IN FRANCE HAVE ACKNOWLEDGED IT WAS AMONG THOSE WARNED. A RASH OF TARGETED KILLINGS RATTLED PAKISTAN'S LARGEST CITY TODAY. GUNMEN KILLED 16 PEOPLE IN KARACHI. AND SINCE SATURDAY, AS MANY AS 50 PEOPLE HAVE BEEN KILLED ACROSS THE CITY AS POLITICAL AND ETHNIC RIVALRIES ESCALATE. SEVERAL POLITICAL ACTIVISTS WERE AMONG THOSE KILLED. THE VIOLENCE COINCIDED WITH AN ELECTION TO REPLACE A PROVINCIAL LAWMAKER KILLED IN AUGUST. NATO ANNOUNCED THE DEATHS OF THREE TROOPS TODAY IN AFGHANISTAN. TWO DIED IN ROADSIDE BOMBINGS AND ONE WAS KILLED IN AN INSURGENT ATTACK. NATO DID NOT RELEASE THEIR NATIONALITIES. AT LEAST 47 NATO SERVICE MEMBERS HAVE BEEN KILLED IN OCTOBER. BRITISH PRIME MINISTER DAVID CAMERON UNVEILED A HOST OF CUTS TO HIS COUNTRY'S DEFENSE BUDGET TODAY. IT WAS THE RESULT OF A STRATEGIC DEFENSE REVIEW, THE FIRST IN MORE THAN A DECADE. 42,000 JOBS WILL BE SLASHED OVER FOUR YEARS, AND THE OVERALL BUDGET WILL BE CUT BY 8%. WE HAVE A REPORT FROM TOM BRADBY OF INDEPENDENT TELEVISION NEWS.

>> Reporter: MR. CAMERON'S AIDES SAY THAT THIS IS THE RESULT OF THE PASS THEY WERE GIVEN BY THE LAST GOVERNMENT BUT HE WAS DOING HIS BEST TO PUT A BRAVE FACE ON IT TODAY.

>> THIS IS NOT SIMPLY A COST- SAVING EXERCISE TO GET TO GRIPS WITH THE BIGGEST BUDGET DEFICIT IN POST WAR HISTORY. IT IS ABOUT TAKING THE RIGHT DECISIONS TO PROTECT OUR NATIONAL SECURITY IN THE YEARS AHEAD.

>> Reporter: AND HE SAID LET'S KEEP TODAY'S ANNOUNCEMENT IN PERSPECTIVE.

>> WE ARE ARE THE SIXTH LARGEST ECONOMY IN THE WORLD. EVEN AFTER THIS REVIEW, WE EXPECT TO CONTINUE WITH THE FOURTH LARGEST MILITARY BUDGET IN THE WORLD. BRITAIN HAS TRADITIONALLY PUNCHEDED ABOVE ITS WEIGHT IN THE WORLD. WE SHOULD HAVE NO LESS AMBITION FOR OUR COUNTRY IN THE DECADES TO COME.

>> Reporter: THE ARMY WILL GET MORE MONEY FOR SPECIAL FORCES AND TROOPS WILL BE PULLED BACK FROM GERMANY BUT THERE WAS NO DISGUISING THE BAD NEWS.

>> WE WILL RETAIN A LARGE WELL EQUIPPED ARMY NUMBERING AROUND 95,500 BY 2015. THAT IS 7,000 LESS THAN TODAY.

>> Reporter: 7,000 JOBS GO THERE. THE R.A.F.LOSES 5,000 PERSONNEL, AND THE INCREDIBLY COSTLY NIM ROD SPY PLANE. THE NAVY WASN'T SPARED EITHER. 5,000 JOBS LOSS. SINCE IT TURNED OUT TO BE MORE EXPENSIVE TO CANCEL THE AIRCRAFT CARRIERS....

>> WE WILL BUILD BOTH CARRIERS BUT HOLD ONE IN EXTENDED READINESS.

>> Reporter: IN OTHER WORDS, EVEN WE'RE TOLD SOLD. ALL THIS PLUS 25,000 CIVILIAN JOBS TO GO IN THE MINISTRY OF DEFENSE. ALL LABOR'S FAULT MR. CAMERON SAYS. NOT SO SAYS ANOTHER.

>> THIS REVIEW IS A PROFOUND MISSED OPPORTUNITY. IT IS A REVIEW DRESSED UP AS A DEFENSE REVIEW. IT WAS BEEN CHAOTICALLY CONDUCTED, HASTILY PREPARED. IT IS SIMPLY NOT CREDIBLE AS A STRATEGIC BLUEPRINT.

>> Reporter: NOR WAS THAT THE ONLY HOSTILE RECEPTION. THIS WAS AN EXCHANGE WITH A HAIRIER PILOT AT A BASE JUST OUTSIDE LONDON.

>> I'VE CONDUCTED MISSIONS IN AFGHANISTAN. I'M NOW FACING UNEMPLOYMENT.

>> FIRST OF ALL, CAN I THANK YOU FOR EVERYBODY YOU'VE DONE FOR OUR COUNTRY. BUT WE DO HAVE TO MAKE DECISIONS FOR THE FUTURE.

>> Reporter: HE CAN EXPECT A LOT MORE OF THAT IN THE DAYS AHEAD.

>> Sreenivasan: BRITISH OFFICIALS ARE EXPECTED TO ANNOUNCE MORE COST-CUTTING MEASURES TO OTHER GOVERNMENT DEPARTMENTS TOMORROW. ACCORDING TO A PENTAGON SPOKESWOMAN, THE U.S. MILITARY IS NOW ACCEPTING OPENLY GAY RECRUITS FOR THE FIRST TIME IN THE NATION'S HISTORY. BUT RECRUITERS HAVE ALSO BEEN TOLD TO ALERT THOSE APPLICANTS A RULE BANNING GAYS COULD BE REINSTATED AT ANY TIME, PENDING LEGAL ACTION. A FEDERAL JUDGE IN CALIFORNIA HAS ORDERED THE MILITARY TO STOP ENFORCING ITS "DON'T ASK, DON'T TELL" POLICY. AND SHE'S LIKELY TO DENY THE GOVERNMENT'S REQUEST TO DELAY HER ORDER. IN MEXICO, SECURITY FORCES SEIZED AT LEAST 105 TONS OF MARIJUANA BOUND FOR THE U.S. THE MAJOR SEIZURE HAPPENED DURING PRE-DAWN RAIDS IN THE BORDER CITY OF TIJUANA. THE POT WAS FOUND WRAPPED IN 10,000 PACKAGES, WITH AN ESTIMATED STREET VALUE OF $340 MILLION. 11 SUSPECTS WERE ALSO ARRESTED. AUTHORITIES WILL INCINERATE THE PACKAGES AFTER WEIGHING AND COUNTING IS COMPLETED. OFFICIALS AT THE NATIONAL FOOTBALL LEAGUE ANNOUNCED NEW RULES FOR ILLEGAL HITS. BEGINNING IMMEDIATELY, PLAYERS WILL BE SUSPENDED FOR ANY DANGEROUS AND FLAGRANT HITS, ESPECIALLY THOSE THAT INVOLVE HELMETS. THE MOVE WAS SPARKED BY A SERIES OF FLAGRANT TACKLES IN GAMES LAST WEEKEND, SEVERAL THAT RESULTED IN CONCUSSIONS. THE NATION'S LARGEST BANK POSTED A $7.7 BILLION LOSS BECAUSE OF NEW GOVERNMENT REGULATIONS ON CREDIT AND DEBIT CARDS. WITHOUT THE ONE-TIME CHARGE, BANK OF AMERICA EARNED MORE THAN $3 BILLION IN THE THIRD QUARTER. THAT WAS MAINLY BECAUSE OF A SHARP DROP IN LOSSES TIED TO DEFAULTING LOANS. BANK OF AMERICA IS A "NEWSHOUR" UNDERWRITER. THE CENTRAL BANK IN CHINA TODAY ANNOUNCED A SURPRISE INTEREST RATE HIKE. IT IS THE FIRST RATE HIKE IN THREE YEARS, AND THE FIRST SINCE THE GLOBAL ECONOMIC CRISIS BEGAN. THE MOVE HAD AN IMMEDIATE EFFECT ON WORLD MARKETS, AND DRAGGED STOCKS ON WALL STREET DOWN. THE DOW JONES INDUSTRIAL AVERAGE LOST 165 POINTS TO CLOSE ABOVE 10,978. THE NASDAQ FELL MORE THAN 43 POINTS TO CLOSE AT NEARLY 2437. THOSE ARE SOME OF THE DAY'S MAJOR STORIES. NOW, BACK TO GWEN.

>> Ifill: THE JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION RELEASED A NEW STUDY TODAY THAT FINDS WOMEN ON HORMONE REPLACEMENT THERAPY ARE AT GREATER RISK FOR CONTRACTING MORE AGGRESSIVE CANCERS. THE STUDY FOLLOWED NEARLY 13,000 WOMEN BETWEEN THE AGES OF 50 AND 79 FOR 11 YEARS. IT FOUND THE WOMEN WHO TOOK A COMBINATION OF ESTROGEN PLUS PROGESTIN HAD AN INCREASED RISK OF DEATH COMPARED TO WOMEN NOT ON THE DRUGS. THE USE OF HORMONE REPLACEMENT THERAPY TO RELIEVE POST- MENOPAUSAL DISCOMFORT SUCH AS HOT FLASHES HAS LONG BEEN THE SUBJECT OF DEBATE. DR. ROWAN CHLEBOWSKI, THE STUDY'S LEAD AUTHOR, IS CHIEF OF MEDICAL ONCOLOGY AND HEMATOLOGY AT THE HARBOR-U.C.L.A. MEDICAL CENTER. AND DR. JULIE GRAY-LOW IS DIRECTOR OF BREAST MEDICAL ONCOLOGY AT THE SEATTLE CANCER CARE ALLIANCE AND THE UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON SCHOOL OF MEDICINE. WELCOME TO YOU BOTH. DOCTOR, YOU AUTHORED THIS REPORT. TELL US A LITTLE BIT ABOUT WHAT YOU FOUND ABOUT THE INCREASED CANCER RISK.

>> SURE. WE EXPANDED OUR OBSERVATIONS OF THE WOMEN'S HEALTH TRIAL AS YOU MENTIONED OF HE IS ROW GENERAL AND PROGESTIN. THE BREAST CANCERS WERE INCREASED AND THAT THEY WERE AT HIGHER STAGE. NOW WE EXTEND THAT TO SHOW THAT NOT ONLY A GOOD PROGNOSIS CANCERS BUT ALSO AGGRESSIVE CANCERS WERE INCREASED. FOR THE FIRST TIME WE REPORT THAT DEATHS FROM BREAST CANCER ARE STATISTICALLY INCREASED AS WELL. THIS MEANS THE CANCERS THAT ORIGINATE ON ESTROGEN PLUS PROGESTIN ARE A REAL CONCERN.

>> Ifill: DOES THAT MEAN THEY'RE NOT DIAGNOSED AS SOON OR THEY'RE JUST MORE VIRULENT IN THE FIRST PLACE?

>> IT SEEMS LIKE A LITTLE BIT OF BOTH. THE STAGES RELAYED TO THE DELAYED DIAGNOSIS. ESTROGEN PLUS PROGESTIN ACTS LIKE A VEIL OVER THE BREAST SO IT'S HARDER TO SEE THE TUMORS IF THEY'RE STILL GROWING. THAT'S ONE FACTOR. WE ALSO THINK THAT ESTROGEN PLUS PROGESTIN MAY HAVE DIRECT AFFECTS ON THE BIOLOGY OF THE CANCER MAKING THEM GROW MORE AGGRESSIVELY.

>> Ifill: DR. GRAY-LOW WHAT IS YOUR THOUGHT ABOUT THIS AFTER YOU READ THE REPORT?

>> I THINK IT'S REALLY IMPORTANT THAT WE'RE NOW SHOWING THIS. NO WOMEN SHOULD BE GOING ON HORMONE REPLACEMENT THERAPY INDEFINITELY AFTER GOING THROUGH MENOPAUSE. I ALSO THINK IT'S IMPORTANT TO POINT OUT THAT A COMPANION STUDY THAT JUST SHOWED ESTROGEN ALONE WITHOUT THE SAME PROGESTIN DIDN'T SHOW AN INCREASE IN BREAST CANCER. SO THERE ARE SOME OTHER OPTIONS.

>> Ifill: LET ME ASK YOU ABOUT THAT A LITTLE BIT. ARE WE TALKING ABOUT THE AMOUNT OF TIME THAT WOMEN ARE ON THESE DRUGS OR WHICH DRUGS THEY'RE ON?

>> I THINK IT'S PROBABLY PART OF BOTH.

>> Ifill: GO AHEAD, DOCTOR GRAY-LOW. I'LL ASK YOU THAT AS QUESTION.

>> I THINK IT'S PART OF BOTH. THE WOMEN IN THIS STUDY ON AVERAGE WERE ABOUT 62 AT THE TIME THEY STARTED THEIR HORMONE REPLACEMENT THERAPY. THEY WEREN'T WOMEN IN THEIR LATE 40s, EARLY 50s WHO WERE JUST STARTING TO GET MENOPAUSAL SYMPTOMS SO IT DOESN'T REALLY ADDRESS THE AGE AT WHICH THEY STARTED. THESE WOMEN WERE A BIT OLDER THAN MOST WOMEN THINKING ABOUT GOING ON HORMONE THERAPY. ALSO I'LL LET DR. ROWAN CHLEBOWSKI ANSWER THE QUESTION ABOUT THE DURATION. PROBABLY SHORTER IS BETTER IF YOU HAVE TO GO ON THESE DRUGS.

>> Ifill: LET ME ASK HIM TO RESPOND TO THAT.

>> SURE. ONE THING IS THAT FOR HEART DISEASE IT MAY MAKE A DIFFERENCE TO START ESTROGEN PLUS PROGESTIN CLOSER TO MENOPAUSE. IN THIS STUDY WE HAD 5,000 WOMEN IN THEIR 50s. THE WOMEN WHO STARTED ESTROGEN PLUS PROGESTIN WITHIN FIVE YEARS OF MEN OWE PAUSE HAD A HIGHER RISK. THEIR INCREASE WAS 41% WHICH WAS HIGHER THAN WOMEN WHO ENTERED LATER. IT'S TRUE THAT THE ESTROGEN ONLY WHICH CAN REALLY BE GIVEN PRACTICALLY TO WOMEN WHO DON'T HAVE A UTERUS DID NOT SHOW THIS EFFECT. IN TERMS OF DURATION BECAUSE ESTROGEN PLUS PROGESTIN HINDERED BREAST CANCER DIAGNOSIS IT'S REALLY NOT POSSIBLE TO FIND A INTERVAL FOR BREAST CANCER RISK. WOMEN SHOULD HEED THE SHORT DURATION FDA LABELING INDICATION. I THINK IF THEY'VE BEEN ON IT FOR A YEAR OR SO, THEY SHOULD TALK TO THEIR DOCTOR ABOUT POTENTIALLY STOP TO GO SEE IF THEY STILL HAVE HOT FLASHES, NIGHT SWEATS THAT WOULD REQUIRE THEM TO CONTINUE ON THERAPY.

>> Ifill: I WANT TO ASK YOU A LITTLE BIT ABOUT THIS REPORT BECAUSE THE STUDY WHICH BEGAN IN 1993 AND PERIODICALLY WE GET NEW RESULTS FROM IT, HAVE THE DRUGS CHANGED? HAVE THE TREATMENTS CHANGED IN THE PERIOD OF TIME SINCE THIS STUDY BEGAN?

>> OF COURSE WE EVALUATE ONLY ONE DOSE IN SCHEDULE. THAT WAS THE ONE BEING USED BY 95% OF U.S. WOMEN WHEN THE STUDY STARTED.

>> Ifill: WHICH IS PREMPRO.

>> THAT'S ONE PILL. NOW THE DOSAGE IS ABOUT HALF. THAT'S COMMONLY USED. OTHER PREPARATIONS ARE BEING USED. OF COURSE WE DON'T HAVE SAFETY INFORMATION ON LOWER DOSE OR DIFFERENT SCHEDULES OR DIFFERENT DRUGS. YOU HAVE TO DO A REPEAT SAFETY STUDY WHICH WOULD AGAIN TAKE YEARS AND YEARS TO COMPLETE.

>> Ifill: DR. GRAY-LOW HOW... WHAT SHOULD PEOPLE MAKE OF THIS? WHAT SHOULD WOMEN MAKE OF THIS? WHAT KINDS OF RISKS VERSUS BENEFITS SHOULD THEY BE APPLYING TO THIS KIND OF INFORMATION?

>> I THINK IF WE'RE TALKING ESTROGEN PLUS PROGESTIN WE REALLY NO LONGER CAN FEEL IT'S SAFE TO STAY ON IT FOR A LONG PERIOD OF TIME. THE MAIN REASON TO USE THAT COMBINATION IS TO HELP GET THROUGH THOSE HOT FLASHES, THE INSOMNIA, THE MOOD SWINGS THAT GO ALONG WITH THE PERIOD THAT WE CALL PERI-MENOPAUSE, WE'RE GETTING INTO MENOPAUSE. I DO THINK SERIOUS CONSIDERATIONS SHOULD BE GIVEN TO OTHER WAYS OF GIVING PROGESTIN. I AGREE WITH DR. ROWAN CHLEBOWSKI THAT WE DON'T HAVE HUGE 10,000-20,000 PATIENT STUDY WITH DIFFERENT STORMS OF PROGESTIN BUT IN A STUDY WITHOUT ANY PROGESTIN ALONE WE DIDN'T SEE ANY BREAST CANCER. PERHAPS IT CAN BE USED JUST A FEW TIMES A YEAR TO HELP PROTECT OUR UTERUS OR MAYBE DIFFERENT FORMS OF PROGESTIN SUCH AS AN IUD GIVING PROGESTIN MIGHT BE ANOTHER ALTERNATIVE. IF YOU DON'T HAVE A UTERUS DON'T TAKE PROGESTIN. THAT'S A CLEAR ANSWER.

>> Ifill: I'M CURIOUS IF THIS IS THE NEGATIVE INDICATIONS HERE ARE ONLY ABOUT BREAST CANCER OR ABOUT OTHER CANCERS AS WELL.

>> I THINK IN LAST OCTOBER WE REPORTED FROM THE W.H.I.THE SAME STUDY THAT LONG CANCER MORTALITY WAS INCREASED BY 71%. THAT WAS STATISTICALLY SIGNIFICANT. THESE TWO TAKEN TOGETHER REALLY ARE REALLY QUITE A TANDEM. WHEN YOU SAY THAT ESTROGEN PLUS PROGESTIN TAKEN FOR ABOUT FIVE YEARS SIGNIFICANTLY INCREASES THE RISK OF DEATHS IN THE TWO MOST COMMON CAUSES OF CANCER DEATHS IN WOMEN. SO THAT I THINK RAISES THE BAR FOR WOMEN TO THINK HOW SERIOUS THEIR SYMPTOMS OR LIMITING THE SYMPTOMS SHOULD BE BEFORE THEY SHOULD CONSIDER STARTING THIS THERAPY.

>> Ifill: IS IT RAISING THE BAR FOR DOCTORS WHEN IT COMES TO PRESCRIBING IT?

>> I THINK SO. I'VE BEEN LOOKING AT THE NEWS REPORTS COMING OUT THIS AFTERNOON. I THINK THERE'S BEEN A NUMBER OF PEOPLE WHO SURPRISINGLY ARE SAYING NOW THAT THEY HAVE MORE RESERVATIONS THAN THEY DID BEFORE THESE LAST TWO REPORTS.

>> Ifill: DR. GRAY-LOW, DO YOU HAVE MORE RESERVATIONS?

>> WELL, I'M A BREAST CANCER PHYSICIAN. MOST OF MY PATIENTS HAVE BREAST CANCER. I'M NOT RECOMMENDING ESTROGEN FOR THEM. SO IT DOESN'T REALLY CHANGE MY STANDARD PRACTICE. AS FOR WHAT I WILL BE DISCUSSING WITH PATIENTS AT INCREASED RISK FOR BREAST CANCER, IF YOU REALLY NEED FOR SYMPTOMS AND SYMPTOMS ONLY TO GO ON SOME ESTROGEN DO IT AT THE LOWEST DOSE FOR THE SHORTEST AMOUNT OF TIME. FOR AUS AUS, FOR CHOLESTEROL FOR OTHER ISSUES OR VAGINAL WE HAVE OTHER OPTIONS. WE SHOULD BE USING THOSE FIRST.

>> Ifill: IS THERE AN IMMEDIATE ACTION THAT THE MEDICAL INDUSTRY OR THE PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY CAN TAKE, SAY, PUT WARNING LABELS ON THESE KINDS OF DRUGS?

>> WELL, I THINK THE FDA, YOU KNOW, IS RESPONSIBLE FOR THE LABELING. I FOR ONE WOULD LIKE TO SEE A LITTLE BIT MORE EMPHASIS ON THE CANCER RISK ON THE LABEL. THERE IS A LABEL WARNING FOR BREAST CANCER RISK NOT FOR LUNG CANCER RISK. THAT'S A FEDERAL DRUG ADMINISTRATION DECISION AS TO WHAT THE LABELING SHOULD BE.

>> Ifill: IS THAT SOMETHING WHICH IS AT ALL USEFUL, DR. GRAY-LOW?

>> WELL, I THINK THAT, YOU KNOW, IT'S HELPFUL. IT WILL MAKE PHYSICIANS AND MAKE PATIENTS THINK A LITTLE BIT HARDER ABOUT IT. IT REALLY DOESN'T HELP YOU MAKE THE DECISION.

>> Ifill: AND THAT'S A DECISION THAT STILL HAS TO BE UP TO THE WOMAN RATHER THAN JUST THE DOCTORS OR THE FDA, I GATHER?

>> IT'S A COMPLICATED DISCUSSION. YOU KNOW, BETWEEN THE PATIENT AND THE PHYSICIAN AND THERE ARE RISKS AND THERE ARE BENEFITS. IT'S A VERY INDIVIDUALIZED DECISION.

>> Ifill: FINDING THAT BALANCE. DR. JULIA GRAY-LOW AND DR. ROWAN CHLEBOWSKI, THANK YOU BOTH VERY MUCH.

>> YOU'RE WELCOME.

>> THANKS.

>> Lehrer: NOW, NEWSHOUR ECONOMICS CORRESPONDENT PAUL SOLMAN REPORTS ON A FIGHT AGAINST FORECLOSURES IN BOSTON. IT'S THE SECOND IN AN OCCASIONAL SERIES ON THE MORTGAGE CRISIS. AND IT'S ALL PART OF HIS REPORTING "MAKING SENSE OF FINANCIAL NEWS."

>> MY HOUSE IS FORECLOSED.

>> Reporter: BUT THE MOVEMENT TO RESIST IS GROWING. IT'S BEEN GIVEN A SWIFT LIFT BY THE NEWS THAT FORECLOSURE PAPERWORK WAS EITHER FLAWED OR FRAUDULENT.

>> MY NAME... I'VE BEEN RECEIVING FORECLOSURE NOTICES IN THE MAIL. I'M GOING TO SEE WHAT WE CAN DO TO TRY TO FIGHT THIS.

>> Reporter: AT THE WEEKLY MEETING OF BOSTON NONPROFIT CITY LIFE WHICH HAS BEEN ORGANIZING FORECLOSURE RESISTANCE FOR YEARS, THE MOOD IS NOW MORE DEFIANT THAN EVER.

>> I AIN'T GOING NOWHERE.

>> I'VE BEEN ARRESTED. I'VE BEEN VERY PROUD OF IT.

>> THEY TOOK MY LIFE SAVINGS. NOW THEY'RE GOING TO TAKE MY HOUSE. YOU KNOW SOMETHING, I'M NOT GOING NOWHERE.

>> Reporter: WHILE BANKS PUT A TEMPORARY FREEZE ON FORECLOSURES, ACTIVISTS ARE TAKING MATTERS INTO THEIR OWN HANDS.

>> WE'VE BAILED THEM OUT. OUR TAX DOLLARS HELPED THEY CAN. THEY SHOULD HELP US.

>> Reporter: CITY LIFE MOUNTS PUBLIC RESISTANCE TO THE EVICTION OF FORECLOSED FAMILIES.

>> WE GO OUT AND WE SHOW WE'RE ALL BEHIND THIS FAMILY AND WHAT THEY'RE DOING IS WRONG. WE ASK THE BANK TO JUST NEGOTIATE WITH THIS FAMILY.

>> Reporter: THEY CALL THEIR APPROACH THE SWORD. PHYSICAL ACTIVISM. THEIR STANDARD WEEKLY SKIT MAKES IT CLEAR.

>> WHAT DO YOU WANT?

>> YOUR HOUSE.

>> I GIVE YOU MY LIFE SAVINGS. NOW YOU'RE TRYING TO TAKE MY HOME AWAY FROM ME.

>> YES.

>> I'M NOT GOING NOWHERE.

>> YES, YOU ARE.

>> I'M NOT GOING NOWHERE.

>> EXCUSE ME.

>> OH, YES!

>> WHO ARE YOU?

>> I'M CITY LIFE.

>> Reporter: THE SWORD IS STEP ONE OF A THREE-STEP PROGRAM. STEP 2 IS THE SHIELD. FREE LEGAL HELP TO DRAG OUT THE PROCESS FOR PEOPLE LIKE THIS WOMAN.

>> THEY HAD SENT ME NOTICES. 72 HOURS. AND I HAVE NOT ACCEPTED ANY OF THESE. I AM GOING TO TAKE THEM TO COURT.

>> Reporter: STEP 3 IS THE OFFER. TO BUY BACK THE FORECLOSED HOUSE AND RESELL IT AT CURRENT MARKET VALUE TO THE HOMEOWNER. LIKE PAMELA NICHOLS.

>> I WILL BE CLOSING ON MY HOME. I'M GETTING MY HOME BACK. I'LL BE CLOSING ON OCTOBER 22.

>> Reporter: CITY LIFE ORGANIZER STEVE MEACHAM IS SEEING MORE PROGRESS THAN PERHAPS EVER IN HIS 40 YEARS OF ACTIVISM.

>> PEOPLE COME IN FEELING DEMORALIZED, SHAKEN, CRYING, JUST IN COMPLETE DESPAIR. AND THEY NOT ONLY WIN THEIR HOUSE OR SOMETIMES DON'T WIN THEIR HOUSE BACK BUT THEY BECOME ACTIVISTS. THEY BECOME PROTAGONISTS IN THEIR OWN DRAMA AND IN THE DRAMA OF OTHER PEOPLE. THAT TRANSFORMATION OF PEOPLE KIND OF TAKES LEADERSHIP WHO COME IN SO... FEELING SO COMPRESSED. ... THAT IS AN ENERGIZING THING. INCREDIBLY POWERFUL.

>> Reporter: CONSIDER MARSHAL COOPER'S HOME IN THE DORCHESTER SECTION OF BOSTON. THE BANK NOW OWNS IT BUT COOPER INSISTS, AS DOES EVER INCH OF HIS HOUSE, THAT HE SHALL NOT BE MOVED. COOPER BOUGHT THE HOME FOR HIMSELF AND OTHER FAMILY MEMBERS BACK IN 1997 WITH A MORTGAGE OF ABOUT $140,000. AT 11%. HE REFINANCED IN 2005 AND FOUND HE OWED OVER $200,000. A STATE COURT LATER ISSUED AN INJUNCTION AGAINST THAT LENDER FOR MAKING UNFAIR LOANS. BUT ON A FIXED NM INCOME COOLER FELL BEHIND AND FORECLOSURE FOLLOWED.

>> I COULDN'T SLEEP AT NIGHT. I THOUGHT MY HEART WOULD JUMP OUT MY MOUTH. THAT'S HOW I FELT. IT'S A BAD FEELING WHEN YOU CAN'T HELP YOURSELF. THAT'S HOW I WAS. NOW WHEN I WENT TO CITY LIFE, I WAS QUIET. BUT AFTER A WHILE IT ALL COME TO ME. IT JUST COME OUT. I STARTED FEELING BETTER. I NEVER FELT BETTER IN MY LIFE.

>> Reporter: ONCE SHAMED BY HIS SITUATION, COOPER IS NOW EMBOLDENED. STILL IN HIS HOUSE HE USES A BULL HORN TO TELL HIS STORY TO PASSERS-BY.

>> LET ME TELL YOU, THIS IS MY HOME.

>> Reporter: AND WARN INVESTORS WHO WANT TO BUY HIS HOUSE TO STEER CLEAR.

>> I AM A MEMBER OF CITY LIFE. AND I AM NOT GOING NOWHERE.

>> WE'RE GOING TO BE HITTING LITERALLY ALL OF BOSTON TODAY.

>> Reporter: IN CAMBRIDGE, STEP 2 OF THE PROGRAM. THE SHIELD. WIELDED BY STUDENTS AT THE HARVARD LEGAL AID BUREAU, NEW RECREATES BEING BRIEFED OVER BAGELS.

>> THE MAIN MESSAGE WE'RE TRYING TO GET ACROSS IS, ONE, YOU HAVE SIGNIFICANT RIGHTS. YOU DON'T HAVE TO LEAVE YOUR HOUSE RIGHT NOW.

>> Reporter: THEY BREAK UP TO GO DOOR TO DOOR. USING A PUBLISHEDED LIST OF THOSE NEWLY FACING FORECLOSURE IN THE BOSTON AREA. HARVARD'S STEVE GROSSMAN.

>> PROBABLY THE BIGGEST PART OF WHAT WE'RE DOING OVER THE LAST THREE OR FOUR YEARS. WE GET THE LISTINGS BECAUSE IT'S PUBLIC RECORD OF EVERY UPCOMING FORECLOSURE OPTION. WE HEAD OUT AND KNOCK ON DOORS. TO THE AVERAGE PERSON, WE MAY LOOK LIKE JUST ANOTHER SET OF SCAMERS SO WE HAVE TO OVERCOME THAT INITIAL SKEPTICISM IN ORDER TO PERSUADE THEM THAT WE'RE REALLY ON THEIR SIDE. WE'RE BUILD AGO REAL MOVEMENT. WE CAN HELP YOU RESIST AND WE WON'T TAKE ANY OF YOUR MONEY. IT'S ALL FREE.

>> AFTER YOUR HOME IS FORECLOSED CITY LIFE AND OUR LEGAL SHIELD PROTECTS YOU. WE KEEP YOU IN YOUR HOME DURING THAT TIME WE WORK TO PEE VENT AN EVICTION.

>> Reporter: THE SHIELD'S GOAL: TO DRIVE UP LITIGATION COSTS FOR THE MORTGAGE HOLDER SOITY EVENTUALLY AGREES TO STEP 3:SELL BACK THE HOUSE TO ITS OWNER. THE NEWS OF FLAWED OR FRAUDULENT PAPERWORK IS A POWERFUL NEW WEAPON IN THEIR ARSENAL.

>> WE'RE ASKING JUDGES TO TAKE A LOOK AT THE PAPERWORK THE BANKS DID BEHIND THE FORECLOSURE TO SEE WHETHER IT WAS DONE PROPERLY OR WHETHER AS IS THE CASE AND THE COUNTRY THEY'VE CUT CORNERS AND MISREPRESENTED THINGS AND POSSIBLY DEFRAUDED THE COURT AND DEFRAUDED THE BORROWER.

>> Reporter: IN THE CASE OF THIS COUPLE THE SWORD HAS BEEN DRAWN AND THE SHIELD IS UP. IN 2004 THE BROTHERS SPENT $500,000 ON THIS HOUSE FOR THEMSELVES AND THEIR EXTENDED FAMILY.

>> MY NIECE, MY NEPHEW. MY MOM.

>> Reporter: BUT WHEN THE ECONOMY TANKED, SO TOO DID THEIR CAB BUSINESS. AND THEY WERE UNABLE TO MAKE THE MORTGAGE. THEIR LENDER, GMAC HAD BEEN TRYING TO EVICT THEM. CITY LIFE RESPONDED WITH A VIGIL OUTSIDE THE HOME.

>> WE'RE GOING TO STAND WITH THE FAMILY. ARE WE GOING TO FIGHT?

>> YES!

>> WHEN WE FIGHT.

>> WE WIN.

>> Reporter: SO FAR THEY HAVE STOPPED IT. WITH GMAC NOW REVIEWING FORECLOSURES IN 23 STATES THOUGH NOT MASSACHUSETTS CITY LIFE AND HARVARD LEGAL AID ARE RIDING RELATIVELY HIGH. WHILE THE HOUSING MARKET REELS WITH UNCERTAINTY BUT FOR ALL THE PROTESTS....

>> WHAT DO YOU DO WHEN THE BANK ATTACKS?

>> FIGHT BACK.

>> Reporter: AND THE CHEERLEADING AT CITY LIFE, THE FORECLOSURE FATE OF THE FAMILY AND OTHER FAMILIES MAY DEPEND ON STEP 3 OF THIS PROGRAM: THE OFFER. WE'LL EXPLORE IT NEXT IN OUR SERIES ON THE FORECLOSURE CRISIS.

>> Ifill: NEXT, TROUBLE STIRS AGAIN IN A RESTLESS RUSSIAN REPUBLIC. MARGARET WARNER HAS OUR REPORT ON THE LATEST TURBULENCE IN CHECHNYA.

>> Warner: RUSSIAN SPECIAL FORCES MOVE ROOM TO ROOM IN THE PARLIAMENT BUILDING IN THE CAPITAL OF CHECHNYA TODAY. AFTER THREE HEAVILY ARMED ISLAMIST REBELS STORMED THE COMPLEX AND BEGAN KILLING WHOMEVER THEY FOUND. ONE DETONATED HIS SUICIDE VEST AT THE GATE KILLING A POLICEMAN. TWO OTHERS RAN INTO THE BUILDING AND, SHOUTING IN ARABIC GOD IS GREAT, OPENED FIRE. SECURITY FORCES COUNTER ATTACKD QUICKLY HOLDING THE DEATH TOLL TO THREE TO SIX. NO PARLIAMENTIANS DIED. THE BRAZEN ATTACK WAS SEEN AS A DIRECT CHALLENGE TO THE CHECHEN PRESIDENT, A STRONG MAN INSTALLED BY MOSCOW TO RULE THE VOLATILE SOUTHERN RUSSIAN REPUBLIC AND TO SUPPRESS ITS DECADES-LONG INSURGENCY.

>> MOSCOW IS SEEING A WARD... A WAR THAT THEY HAVE NOT BEEN ABLE TO PUT AN END TO. AND A MILITARY SENSE AND A POLITICAL SENSE.

>> Warner: THAT'S THE CLEAR MESSAGE OF TODAY'S ATTACKS SAYS AN EXPERT ON CENTRAL ASIA AND THE CAUCUSES AT THE NATIONAL ENDOWMENT FOR DEMOCRACY. AND CO-AUTHOR OF AN UPCOMING BOOK ON CHECHNYA.

>> FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF MOSCOW AND FROM MOSCOW'S APPOINTED PRESIDENT, THE WAR IS OVER. IN THE BROADEST SENSE WHAT THEY'VE DONE IS SHOW EVERYONE THAT INDEED THE CHECHEN RESISTANCE IS STILL ACTIVE AND STILL ABLE TO MOUNT ATTACKS.

>> Warner: TODAY RUSSIA'S INTERIOR MINISTER WHO WAS VISITING INSISTEDED THE GOVERNMENT WAS FIRMLY IN CONTROL AND THAT THE CHECHEN REBELLION HAD BEEN NEARLY DETAP TATED. ... DECAPITATED.

>> I WOULD LIKE TO SAY THAT AN OPERATIONAL SITUATION OF THIS KIND IS EXTREMELY RARE. WHY? BECAUSE IT IS STABLE AND SECURE HERE. ON GUARD HERE ARE THE POLICE OFFICERS OF THE CHECHEN REPUBLIC.

>> Warner: STABILITY AND SECURITY ARE HARDLY THE NORM IN CHECHNYA NOW NOR IN THE BROADER NORTH CAUCUSES REGION OF PREDOMINANTLY MUSLIM STATES WHICH INCLUDES THESE. DESPITE THE INTERIOR MINISTER'S CONFIDENT WORDS VIOLENCE IN THE NORTH CAUCUSES HAS BEEN ON THE UPSWING OVER THE PAST TWO YEARS. WAGED BY ISLAMIST REBELS BENT ON CHALLENGING RUSSIANS THERE. IT WASN'T SUPPOSED TO BE THIS WAY. RUSSIA FOUGHT TWO BRUTAL WARS IN THE '90s AGAINST CHECHEN DRIVES FOR INDEPENDENCE BUT EVEN AFTER MOSCOW DECLARED VICTORY IN MID 2000 TERRORISM CONTINUED. CHECHENS WERE BEHIND A 2002 HOSTAGE SIEGE OF A MOSCOW THEATER THAT KILLED MORE THAN 100. IN 2004 CHECHENS TOOK 1100 SCHOOL CHILDREN AND ADULTS HOSTAGE. MORE THAN 330 DIED IN THE FRONTAL ASSAULT TO FREE THEM. AND THIS PAST MARCH TERROR REVIS ITED MOSCOW. TWO FEMALE SUICIDE BOMBERS BLEW UP A TRAIN STATION THERE, KILLING SOME 40 PEOPLE. RESPONSIBILITY FOR THE MOSCOW SUBWAY BOMBING WAS CLAIMED BY THIS MAN, A CHECHEN RESISTANCE LEADER WHO IN THIS RECENT VIDEO POSTED ONLINE CALLED FOR THE CALIFATE OF THE NORTHERN CAUCUSES BUT TODAY'S ATTACK WAS THE WORK OF A RIVAL FACTION.

>> THERE HAS BEEN A COMPETITION BREWING AMONG THE CHECHEN COMMANDERS FOR SEVERAL MONTHS. IT'S CLEAR THAT ONE OF THE COMMANDER WHO HAS BEEN THEIR LEADERS IS BEING CHALLENGED BY SEVERAL OTHERS. THIS ATTACK IS THEIR WAY OF SAYING THAT THEY ARE THE REAL FORCE AMONG THE RESISTANCE IN CHECHNYA AS OPPOSED THE HIM.

>> Warner: PERHAPS MORE OMINOUSLY THE NATURE OF THE CHECHEN RESISTANCE HAS MORPHED OVER THE DECADES. THE CHECHEN REBELS OF THE '90s HAD CONVENTIONAL RESISTANCE AIMS.

>> THEIR GOAL WAS A CHECHEN INDEPENDENT STATE. THAT STATE HAD BORDERS. IT WOULD PARTICIPATE IN THE U.N., SIMILAR TO THE INDEPENDENT STATES THAT EMERGED FROM THE SOVIET UNION.

>> Warner: THE GOAL OF THE CHECHEN INSURGENTS TODAY IS QUITE SOMETHING ELSE. SO WHAT IS THEIR AIM?

>> IT'S AN ASPIRATION, A DREAM.

>> Warner: A DREAM OF AN ISLAMIC STATE.

>> BUT ONE THAT IS QUITE BEYOND CHECHNYA THAT IS IS REGIONAL, TO BUILD A CAUCUSES EM RATE WHICH WILL HAVE NO BORDERS.

>> Warner: IT MAY SEEM A FAR- FETCHED DREAM ON THE RELATIVELY PEACEFUL STREETS OF GROSS KNEE TODAY BUT IT'S AN ASPIRATION THAT PROMISEDED INSTABILITY FOR SOME TIME TO COME.

>> Lehrer: NOW, THE GLOBAL LIFE AND TIMES OF JAMES WOLFENSOHN. JEFFREY BROWN HAS OUR BOOK CONVERSATION.

>> Brown: A CHILDHOOD IN SID NOOE AUSTRALIA, INVESTMENT BANKER AT THE... PRESIDENT OF THE WORLD BANK AT A CONTENTIOUS TIME OF BATTLING GLOBAL POVERTY AND EVEN A PERFORMER ON THE STAGE OF CARNEGIE HALL AND OLYMPIC ATHLETE. JAMES WOLFENSOHN HAS PACKED A LOT INTO HIS 76 YEARS. THAT'S JUST SOME OF IT. HE TELLS HIS STORY IN A NEW MEMOIR ENTITLED A GLOBAL LIFE. HE JOINS US NOW. WELCOME TO YOU.

>> THANK YOU VERY MUCH.

>> Brown: I WANT TO START BEFORE THIS AGE OF GLOBALIZATION THAT WE THINK OURSELVES TO BE IN NOW. IN WHAT WAYS WAS THE WORLD LESS GLOBAL IN YOUR OWN AUSTRALIAN YOUTH?

>> WELL, WHEN I WAS GROWING UP IN AUSTRALIA IN ORDER TO GET ANYWHERE YOU HAD TO TAKE A PISTON ENGINE AIRCRAFT. THERE WAS NO... ANYWHERE THE DEGREE OF INTER-CONNECTION THAT WE NOW HAVE WITH INTERNET OR EVEN WITH TELEVISION. AND SO GROWING IN AUSTRALIA YOU WERE A LONG WAY AWAY. ON MY FIRST TRIP TO THE UNITED STATES, I TOOK A PISTON ENGINE AIRCRAFT. IT TOOK ME SEVEN DAYS TO GET TO LOND OCHBLT I WAS GOING WITH THE MILITARY. WHEN I WENT BACK I WENT IN THE JET AND THE CONTRAST BETWEEN WHAT I HAD EXPERIENCED AS A YOUNG MAN AND THEN SEEING THE CHANGES IN TERMS OF COMMUNICATIONS OF ALL SORTS HAS BEEN A REAL THEME IN MY LIFE.

>> Brown: WHAT ABOUT THE CHANGES FOR AN AMBITIOUS YOUNG MAN WHICH IS WHERE YOU START HERE FEELING ALMOST AS THOUGH HE HAS TO LEAVE, I THINK, TO GET TO THE CENTERS OF POWER.

>> RIGHT.

>> Brown: YOU LOOK AT IT TODAY AND HOW THE WORLD HAS CHANGED SO THAT SOMEONE IN A COUNTRY THAT IS IN ESSENCE IN THE PERIPHERY, AUSTRALIA, BRAZIL, INDIA, DO YOU SEE THE SAME THING OF PEOPLE STILL... THE MIGRATION OF TALENT OF AMBITIOUS YOUNG PEOPLE.

>> IT'S CHANGING TREMENDOUSLY BECAUSE IN AUSTRALIA NOW, THEY HAVE 40,000 FOREIGN STUDENTS COMING TO THE COUNTRY.

>> Brown: COMING TO THEM.

>> TO AUSTRALIA. AS YOU HAVE 100,000 CHINESE COMING HERE INTO THE UNITED STATES. SO AUSTRALIA, BECAUSE AGAIN OF COMMUNICATIONS, A VERY STRONG EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM, AND BECAUSE OF ITS PROXIMITY TO ASIA IS FINDING A VERY DIFFERENT ACCESS IN TERMS OF ITS FUTURE AND IN TERMS OF THE CONTRIBUTION THAT IT CAN MAKE.

>> Brown: THE DECADES OF PROFESSIONAL WORK THAT YOU DESCRIBE HERE IN THE INVESTMENT WORLD, INCREDIBLE CHANGES IN GLOBAL FINANCE, RIGHT?

>> JUST ENORMOUS. WE'RE SEEING NOW BECAUSE OF COMMUNICATIONS A TRULY GLOBAL FINANCIAL MARKET WHICH BASICALLY NEVER SLEEPS. THAT IS A HUGE CHANGE TO WHICH PEOPLE LIKE ME HAD TO ADJUST. IT WAS NECESSARY REALLY FOR ME THEN IN TERMS OF AUSTRALIA. IF I WANTED TO BE IN THE INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY TO GO STUDY IN AMERICA AND THEN WORK IN A NUMBER OF THESE MARKETS.

>> Brown: IT'S ALSO A TIME WHERE YOU GET A SENSE OF DISCONNECT FOR MANY PEOPLE, SORT OF THIS MAIN STREET VERSUS WALL STREET ORSñ LONDON, TOKYO, HONG KONG, ET CETERA. PEOPLE DON'T QUITE UNDERSTAND THIS MARKET THAT NEVER SLEEPS AND MONEY THAT NEVER STOPS. THEY FEEL THAT WHAT? GREED IS OUT THERE. YOU KNOW, IT'S BROUGHT DOWN THE WORLD IN WAYS THAT AFFECTS THEM.

>> THERE ARE TWO ASPECTS TO IT. FIRST OF ALL, THE AMOUNT OF MONEY WHICH HAS BEEN MADE IN THE FINANCIAL INDUSTRY HAS GONE UP VERY SUBSTANTIALLY. IN FACT, THE FINANCIAL MARKET PROBABLY IS 25% OF THE G.D.P. NOW. THERE ARE MANY PEOPLE WHO PROFIT VERY SIGNIFICANTLY FROM THAT AS WE AROUND THE WORLD. SO THE CHANGES HAVE BEEN VERY DRAMATIC. AND I THINK WHAT WE'RE SEEING NOW IS GOVERNMENTS COMING IN TO TRY AND SEE IF THEY CAN BRING THIS UNDER A GREATER SENSE OF CONTROL.

>> THE ASPECT OF YOUR VERY PUBLIC LIFE AT THE WORLD BANK, A TEN-YEAR PERIOD OF A LOT OF DRAMA.

>> RIGHT.

>> Brown: YOU DESCRIBE A PERIOD OF COMING IN TO SHAKE UP AN ORGANIZATION AND REFOCUS THE EFFORTS OF THE WEST VIS-A-VIS THE POOREST COUNTRIES.

>> RIGHT.

>> Brown: WHAT DO YOU THINK YOU SUCK... SUCCEEDED AT AND WHERE NOT ENOUGH?

>> I THINK I WAS ABLE WITH THE HELP OF MY MANY OF MY COLLEAGUES IN THE BANK TO PROJECT THAT HALF THE WORLD LIVED UNDER $2 AND A BILLION 300 MILLION PEOPLE LIVED UNDER $1 A DAY. THAT'S HUGELY DIFFERENT FROM OUR OWN COUNTRY. THEN WE STARTED TO LOOK AT THE REASONS.

>> Brown: I MEAN TO MAKE PEOPLE UNDERSTAND THAT, THEY KNEW THAT BUT THEY DIDN'T....

>> THEY KNEW IT BUT IT WAS NOT PART OF THE REGULAR CONSCIOUSNESS. THE AVERAGE AMERICAN REALLY DIDN'T THINK ABOUT WHAT WAS GOING TO HAPPEN TO HIS KIDS IF THE WORLD WAS NOT BROUGHT INTO A GREATER SENSE OF BALANCE. SO WE'RE SEEING A COUPLE OF THINGS HAPPEN. FIRST OF ALL AT THAT TIME THERE WAS A HUGE AMOUNT OF CORRUPTION IN THE DEVELOPING WORLD. THERE IS A FAIR MEASURE IN THE RICH WORLD TOO. BUT IT WAS REALLY STANDING IN THE WAY OF DEVELOPMENT. THERE ARE ISSUES IN RELATION TO EDUCATION OF YOUNG PEOPLE, ISSUES IN RELATION TO THE IMPROVEMENT OF A LOT OF WOMEN. THESE ARE SORT OF CUTTING-EDGE ISSUES WHICH HAVE EMERGED IN THE LAST 15 TO 20 YEARS. THEY WERE ALWAYS THERE BUT AT LEAST NOW WE'RE TRYING TO CONFRONT THEM. ONE OF THE GREAT EXPERIENCES THAT I HAD WAS, IN FACT, TO BE ABLE TO WITH MY COLLEAGUES LEAD A GREATER THRUST TO TRY AND GET A SENSE OF EQUITY IN THE WORLD.

>> Brown: DO YOU THINK THERE'S A BETTER UNDERSTANDING BOTH AT THE WORLD BANK BUT MORE GENERALLY AMONG INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS OF HOW TO DEAL WITH GLOBAL....

>> I THINK THERE IS BUT I THINK YOU SEE SOMETHING ELSE WHICH IS HAPPENING NOW. FOR MANY YEARS THE WEALTH OF THE WORLD, THE INCOME OF THE WORLD WAS 80% COMING IN EVERY YEAR TO EUROPE, THE UNITED STATES AND JAPAN. BY 2050 WHICH IS 40 YEARS AWAY, THAT WILL BE 35%. 5%. 65% OF THE WORLD'S INCOME WILL BE IN ASIA. 50% IN INDIA AND CHINA. THIS IS AN AMAZING MOVE THAT WE REALLY DON'T FULLY UNDERSTAND AND DO NOT APPRECIATE IN THE WEST. SO FOR OUR CHILDREN THERE IS A HUGE ADJUSTMENT WHICH NEEDS TO BE MADE IN TERMS OF RETHINKING BOTH THE EDUCATION SYSTEM, RETHINK ING WHAT THE FUTURE IS GOING TO BE LIKE AND IT'S A MAJOR, MAJOR CHALLENGE WHICH I TRY AT LEAST IN PART TO BRING OUT IN MY BOOK.

>> Brown: FINALLY I WANT TO COME BACK TO THE PERSONAL SIDE THAT COMES THROUGH HERE BECAUSE ONE THING THAT IS CLEAR IS YOU BELIEVE IN A, I'LL CALL IT A BALANCED LIFE, OF PROFESSIONAL WORK AND IN YOUR CASE A LOVE OF MUSIC IN PARTICULAR.

>> RIGHT. GREAT GIFT I THINK OF THE UNITED STATES IN TERMS OF THE SET-UP IS THAT FOR SOMEONE LIKE ME OR OTHERS, YOU CAN HAVE A BUSINESS LIFE BUT YOU CAN ALSO PARTICIPATE FULLY EITHER IN THE CULTURAL LIFE OR IN THE LIFE OF IMPROVING POVERTY OR IN HEALTH OR IN DEALING AROUND THE WORLD. MY HOPE IS THAT IN THIS BOOK IT MAY STIMULATE SOME YOUNG PEOPLE TO RECOGNIZE THAT LIFE IS NOT ALL ABOUT TRYING TO MAKE MONEY. WE HAVE A UNIQUE.

>> Brown: ALTHOUGH THAT'S NOT BAD, RIGHT?

>> IT'S USEFUL PARTICULARLY IF YOU START WITH MONEY. BUT IT'S NOT THE ONLY GOAL. WE WILL NOT HAVE A STABLE WORLD UNLESS OUR CHILDREN AND THEIR CHILDREN REALLY THINK GLOBALLY AND THINK IN TERMS OF A BALANCED LIFE, TRYING TO CONTRIBUTE TO THOSE LESS FORTUNATE.

>> Brown: ALL RIGHT. THE BOOK IS A GLOBAL LIFE. JAMES WOLFENSOHN, THANK YOU VERY MUCH.

>> THANK YOU VERY MUCH.

>> Ifill: FINALLY TONIGHT, A STORY OF GUILT OR INNOCENCE. IT'S ABOUT A TEXAS MAN NAMED CAMERON TODD WILLINGHAM. A FIRE ENGULFED WILLINGHAM'S HOME IN 1991, KILLING HIS THREE DAUGHTERS. ULTIMATELY, A JURY FOUND HIM GUILTY OF ARSON AND MURDER. HE WAS EXECUTED IN 2004. TONIGHT'S EDITION OF "FRONTLINE" EXAMINES THE EVIDENCE. HERE'S AN EXCERPT.

>> AROUND TOWN IN TEXAS, WILLINGHAM'S LACK OF SERIOUS INJURIES AND A NIGHT OF PARTYING AFTER THE FIRE FUELED RUMORS.

>> IMMEDIATELY AFTER THE CHILDREN WERE KILLED IN THE FIRE, HE WAS SEEN AT A LOCAL BAR ESSENTIALLY EXHIBITING BEHAVIOR THAT WAS COMPLETELY INCONSISTENT WITH A PERSON WHO LOST HIS THREE CHILDREN.

>> WHEN THE WILLINGHAM CHILDREN DIED, SEVERAL OF US THOUGHT IT WOULD BE A GOOD IDEA IF WE DID A BENEFIT DART TOURNAMENT TO RAISE FUNDS TO HELP WITH THEIR BURIAL. TODD AND STACEY WILLINGHAM SHOWED UP THE NIGHT THAT WE HAD THE TOURNAMENT. TODD GOT TOO INVOLVED IN THE FUN.

>> HE WAS HEARD TO BRAG TO OTHERS THAT HE WOULDN'T HAVE ANYTHING TO WORRY ABOUT NOW BECAUSE THE MONEY WOULD START ROLLING IN BECAUSE PEOPLE WOULD FEEL SORRY FOR HIM.

>> HE SHOWED A GREAT INTEREST IN A NEW PAIR OF DARTS. THAT KIND OF SHOCKED ME. I THOUGHT, WELL, YOU KNOW, I'M NOT GOING TO LET YOU GIVE ME BACK THE MONEY THAT I JUST GAVE YOU FOR A NEW PAIR OF DARTS SO I JUST GAVE THEM TO HIM SO THAT HE WOULDN'T LOSE THE MONEY THAT I WANTED HIM TO SPEND ON THOSE FUNERALS. (SIGHING)

>> Narrator: THE POLICE LAUNCHED AN INVESTIGATION. TODD WILLINGHAM WAS THE PRIMARY SUSPECT.

>> YOU'VE GOT TO COUNT HIS ACTIONS BEFORE AND AFTER. YOU HAVE TO COUNT HIS ACTIONS DURING THE FIRE. THINGS LIKE THAT. THAT MAKES THE WHOLE STORY NOT JUST ONE LITTLE SEGMENT OF IT. IT'S EVERY BIT OF THE STORY.

>> Narrator: IN THE 12 YEARS SINCE WILLINGHAM'S CONVICTION, ONE FACT HAD REMAINED UNQUESTIONED. THE FIRE WAS AN ARSON.

>> BURN PATTERNS UNUSUAL TO A NORMAL FIRE BURN.

>> Reporter: BUT DURING THOSE YEARS, THERE HAD BEEN A DRAMATIC CHANGE IN THE SCIENCE OF ARSON INVESTIGATION. JOHN IS AT THE TOP OF HIS FIELD ONE OF A SMALL GROUP WHO REINVENTED THE SCIENCE OF ARSON DETECTION.

>> SO MANY DETERMINATIONS WERE BASED ON HUNCHES AND FEELINGS. AND THESE GUYS THEY TALK ABOUT, OH, YOU'VE GOT TO GET IN THERE AND FEEL THE BEAST. I'M JUST EMBARRASSED FOR THE PROFESSION THAT THIS IS THE WAY PEOPLE EVALUATE PHYSICAL EVIDENCE.

>> Reporter: THE CHANGE IN ARSON SCIENCE BEGAN WHEN SCIENTISTS SET THEIR OWN FIRES AND STUDIED HOW THEY BURNED.

>> THAT WAS THE FIRST TIME SCIENCE WAS EVER REALLY INTRODUCED INTO THE MAINSTREAM OF FIRE INVESTIGATION.

>> Reporter: DR. GERALD HURST WAS ONE OF THE NEW FIRE SCIENTISTS. FOR YEARS WILLINGHAM SUPPORTERS HAD TRIED TO ENLIST HURST'S HELP. THEY FINALLY GAVE HIM THE STATE'S ARSON REPORT ONLY WEEKS BEFORE THE SCHEDULED EXECUTION.

>> TAKING A LOOK AT THE PHOTOGRAPHS AND VIDEO AND TESTIMONY AND FIRE INVESTIGATION REPORT, IT BECAME APPARENT THAT WE WERE DEALING WITH A FIRE WHICH HAD GONE TO FLASHOVER.

>> Reporter: FLASHOVER. THE INSTANT IGNITION OF ALL COMBUSTIBLE MATERIAL IN A ROOM.

>> A FLASHOVER HAD LEFT NATURAL PATTERNS ON THE FLOOR THAT ALL POST FLASHOVER FIRES TEND TO LEAVE BEHIND. AND THESE HAD BEEN MISIDENTIFIED AS FLOOR PATTERNS AND THUS THE FIRE HAD BEEN LABELED AN ARSON.

>> Ifill: WILLINGHAM'S FAMILY HAS ASKED A TEXAS COURT TO REOPEN THE CASE AND DETERMINE WHETHER HE WAS WRONGFULLY CONVICTED. A RULING COULD COME LATER THIS FALL. "DEATH BY FIRE" CAN BE SEEN ON MOST PBS STATIONS TONIGHT.

>> Lehrer: AGAIN, THE MAJOR DEVELOPMENTS OF THE DAY. MORE THAN ONE MILLION PEOPLE IN FRANCE PROTESTED PENSION REFORMS IN A SIXTH DAY OF NATIONWIDE STRIKES. HUNDREDS OF FLIGHTS WERE CANCELED, TRAIN SERVICE WAS CUT, AND LONG LINES FORMED AT GAS STATIONS. BRITISH PRIME MINISTER DAVID CAMERON ANNOUNCED MAJOR CUTS IN BRITAIN'S DEFENSE BUDGET. AND THE U.S. MILITARY IS NOW ACCEPTING OPENLY GAY RECRUITS FOR THE FIRST TIME IN THE NATION'S HISTORY. AND TO HARI SREENIVASAN, IN OUR NEWSROOM, FOR WHAT'S ON THE NEWSHOUR ONLINE. HARI?

>> Sreenivasan: WE TALKED TO THE PRODUCER AND DIRECTOR OF "DEATH BY FIRE." FIND THAT ON THE RUNDOWN. AND THERE'S A NEW WAY FOR YOU TO LISTEN TO THE "NEWSHOUR." WE'VE PARTNERED WITH A SERVICE CALLED AUDIO NOW SO YOU CAN HEAR US ON YOUR TELEPHONE 24 HOURS DAY. JUST CALL THIS NUMBER-- 712-432-6610-- ANYTIME FOR THE LATEST EDITION OF THE "NEWSHOUR." THAT'S 712-432-6610. THAT NUMBER IS ALSO ON OUR WEB SITE, newshour.pbs.org.

>> Lehrer: AND AGAIN, TO OUR HONOR ROLL OF AMERICAN SERVICE PERSONNEL KILLED IN THE IRAQ AND AFGHANISTAN CONFLICTS. WE ADD THEM AS THEIR DEATHS ARE MADE OFFICIAL AND PHOTOGRAPHS BECOME AVAILABLE. HERE, IN SILENCE, ARE NINE MORE.

>> Ifill: AND THAT'S THE NEWSHOUR FOR TONIGHT. ON WEDNESDAY, WE'LL LOOK AT A BANK THAT'S SELLING HOUSES BACK TO FORECLOSED HOMEOWNERS, AND OFFERING MORTGAGES THEY CAN MANAGE. I'M GWEN IFILL.

>> Lehrer: AND I'M JIM LEHRER. WE'LL SEE YOU ONLINE, AND AGAIN HERE TOMORROW EVENING. THANK YOU, AND GOOD NIGHT. MAJOR FUNDING FOR THE PBS NEWSHOUR HAS BEEN PROVIDED BY:

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