The NewsHour With Jim Lehrer : WETA : September 22, 2009 7:00pm-8:00pm EDT; The NewsHour With Jim Lehrer

aptioning sponsored by MacNEIL/LEHRER PRODUCTIS MARGARET WARNER ISHERE.

>> Warner:HE LEADERS OF THE WORLD'S TWO BIGGEST CARBON EMTERS GAVE THEIR IDEAS ON HOW TO CONFRONT THE ISE TODAY. WE'LL HEAR THAT D THE RESPONSE FR OTHER NATIONS HOPING FOR A BREAK IN THE DEADLK OVER A NEW CLIME CHANGE TREATY.

>> Lehrer:HEN COME THE OTHER NEWS OF THE DAY, AND A BETTYNN BOWSER REPORT THE SENATE FINANCE COMMITTEE'S HEALTH CE AN; A JUDYOODRUFF LOOK AT MAKING HEALTH IURANCE AFFORDABLE ENOUGH; A SCIENCE UNIT STORYY TOM BEARDEN ONEW WAYS TO STORE SOLAR ENERGY; A GWEN IFILL-RUN DEBATE ER A NEW STRATEGYN AFGHANISTAN; AND A OFILE OF SEATTLE POET HEATHER McHUGHN HER OWN WORDS. SHE'S THE WINNER OF A CARTHUR FOUNDATI GENIUS GRANT. WHAT IS THAT ENERGY CAME FROM AN ENERGY COMPANY? EVERYDAY, CHEVRON INSTS $62 MILLION PEOPLE, IN IDEAS-- SEEKING, TEACHING, BUILDING. FUING GROWTH AROUND THE WORLD TO MOVE US ALL AHE. THIS IS THE POWER OF HAN ENERGY. CHEVRON.

>> THIS IS T ENGINE THAT CONNTS ABUNDANT GRAIN FROM THE AMERIC HEARTLAND TO HARAN'S BEST SELLING WHEAT, WHILE KEEPIN60 BILLION POUNDS OF CARBON OUT OF THE ATMOHERE EVERY YEAR. BNSF, THE ENGINE TT CONNECTS US. INTEL. SUPPORTING MATH AND IENCE UCATION FOR TOMORROW'S INNOVATORS. LLS FARGO ADVISORS. TOGETHER, WE'LL GO FAR. THE NATION SCIENCE FOUNDATION. SUPPORTING EDUCATION AND RESEARCH ACROSS ALL ELDS OF SCIENCE D ENGINEERING. ANWITH THE ONGOING SUPPORT OF THESE INSTITUTIONSND FOUNDATIONS. AND... THIS PROGRAM WAS MADE SSIBLE BY THE CORPORATIONOR PUBLIC BROADCASTING. AND BY CONIBUTIONS TO YOUR PBS STATION FROM VIEWERS LIKE U. THK YOU.

>> Lehrer:HINA MOVED TODAY TO TA A LEAD ROLE IN COMBATING CLIMATE CHANGE. THE HEAD OF THE COMMIST GOVERNMENT SPELLED OUT T EFFORT AS THE UNIT NATIONS ENED A CLIMATE SUMMIT IN NEW YORK. MARGARET WARNER HAS OUR AD STORY PORT. Reporter: THE PRESIDENTS OF THE WORLD'S TWO RGEST GREENHOU-GAS EMITTING NATIONS, CHINA AND THE U.S., WEREENTER STAGE AS THE U.N. SOHT TO JUMPSTART E STALLED CLIMATE TALKS. PRESIDENT OBAMA AND CHINA'S JINTAOOINED MORE THAN 100 WORLD LEADS WHO MET AT THE URGING OU.N. SECRETARY GENERAL BAN KI-MOON. HE WARNED OF THEONSEQUENCES IF NETIATORS FAIL TO REACH A NEW GLOBAL PACT THIS DECBER IN DENMARK.

>> FAILURE TO REACH BROAD AGREEMENT IN COPENHAGEN ULD BE MORALLY INEXCUSAE, ECOMICALLY SHORT-SIGHTED, AND POLITICALLY UNWISE. WEANNOT GO DOWN THIS ROAD. ( APPLAUSE )

>> Reporter: WITH E STAGE SET, PRESIDENT OBAMA DRESSED THE GAERING. HE OUTLINED THE EPS HIS ADMINISTRATION'S TAKEN TO REGULATE GREENHOUSE GAS EMSIONS AND BOOST INVESTMENT IN RENEWABLE ERGY, AND HE NOTED THE HOUSE HAD PASS A CLIMATE CHANGEILL IN JUNE.

>> THE UNITED STATES H DONE MORE TO PROMOTE CLEAENERGY AND REDUCE CARN POLLUTION IN THE LAST EHT MONTHS THAN AT ANY OTHER TIME IN OUR HISTOR Reporter: THE PRESIDENT STI FACEAN UPHILL PUSH TO GET A CLIMATE CHGE BILL THROUGH THE SENATE BEFORE THE CONHAGEN SUMMIT, HOWEVER, A HE ACKNOWLEDGEDHE DIFFICULTY.

>> ALL OF US WILFACE DOUBTS AND DIFFICULTIES IN OUOWN CAPITALS AS WE TRY TO REH A LASTING SOLUTI TO THE CLIMATE ALLENGE. BUT I'M HEREODAY TO SAY THAT DIICULTY IS NO EXCUSE FOR COMPLACENCY. UNEA IS NO EXCUSE FOR INACTION. AND WE MUST NOT ALLOW TH PERFECT TO BECE THE ENEMY OF PRRESS. ( APPLAUSE )

>> Repter: BUT IT WAS CHINESE PRESIDENT HUHOSE SPEECH MADE E HEADLINES. HIS COUNTRY HAS, ITHE PAST, KEPT I DISTANCE FROM THE GLOBAL EFFORTS TO CUT EMISONS. BUT TODAY, HSKETCHED OUT A NEW APPROACH. HE PLEDGED CNA WOULD: PLANT MILLIONS OF ACS OF FORESTENOUGH TO COVER AN AREA THE SIZE OF NORWAY; BOOST RENEWABLE ENERGY SRCES TO SUPPL15% OF CHINA'S CONSUMPTIOWITHIN A DECADE; AND T EMISSIONS BY "A NOTABLE MARGIN" FROM 2005 LEVELS, AS MEASED AGAINST CHINA'S GDP, BY THE YEAR020. STILL, HU SAID CHINAOULD NOT SACRIFICE ECONIC GROWTH BY AGREEING TO BINDING INTERNATIONAL TARGETS. AND HE REPEATECHINA'S LONG- STANDING AUMENT THAT ADVANCED NATIONS HAVE AN OBLIGATI TO DEVELOPING CNTRIES.

>> ( translated ):E SHOULD AND CAN ONLY ADVANCE OUR EORTS TO TACKLE CLIMATE CNGE IN THE COURSE OF DEVELOPMENT, AND MEETING THIS CHALLENGE TOUGH COMMON DEVELMENT. IT IS IMPERATIVE TO VE FULL NSIDERATION TO THE DEVELOPME STAGAND BASIC NEEDS OF DELOPING COUNTRIES WHILE WE ADDRESS CLIMATCHANGE.

>> Reporter: TOGHER, CHINA AND THE U.S. GENERE SOME 40% OF THE WORLD'S EENHOUSE GAS EMISONS. SOME EUROPNS HAVE EXPRESSED IMTIENCE AT THE FAILURE OF THE U. TO PUT ITS COMPLETED PROPOS IN THE FORM OF GISLATION ON THE TABLE. ED MILLIBAND IS THE ITISH SECRETARY FOR ENERGY A CLIMATE,ND HIS COUNTRY'S CHIEF NEGOTIATOR ITHE RUN-UP TO CONHAGEN.

>> WE NEED THE U.S. TO GO AS FAST AS IT POSSIBLCAN. WE KNOW YOU HAVE OTH THINGS ON YOUR PTE, LIKE HEALTH CARE, BUT WE HAVA BIG INTERNATIONAL IMPERATIVE HERE. THE WORLD SET DEADLINE. IN DECEMBER. FUTURE GERATIONS, IF WE DON'T SEIZE THIS OPPORTUTY... WE NEED THUS TO GET ON BOARD QUICKLY AST CAN.

>> Reporte OUTSIDE THE U.N., PRIDENT OBAMA ALSO TURNED HIS ATTENTION ANOTHER STALLED NEGOTIATIOPROCESS IN THE MILE EAST. HE MET TODAY WITH ISRAELI IME MINISTER BENJAMIN NENYAHU AND PALEINIAN PRESIDENT HMOUD ABBAS, TO URGE THEM TOESUME FORMAL PEA TALKS SOON.

>> SIMPLY PUT, IT PAST TIME TO TALK ABOUT STARTING NEGOTIATIONS; ITS TIME TO MOVE FOARD. IT IS TIME TSHOW THE FLEXIBILITY AND COMM SENSE AND SENSE OF COMPROMISE THAT NESSARY TO ACHIEVE OUR GOALS.

>> Rorter: TONIGHT, THE PRESIDENT WILL BE AMONG 18ORLD LEADERS WHWILL BE GUESTS OF BAKI MOON TONIGHT TO DISCUSS CLIMATE CHANGE OVER NNER.

>> Lehrer: MARRET TALKED TO RAY SUAREZ MOMENTS A FROM THE U.

>> Suaz: MARGARET, HI. DID PRESIDENT HU'S ANNOUNCEMENT IN NEW YO TAKE CHINA A NEW LEVEL OF COMMITMENT? DID IT MAKE PEOPLE SIT UP IN THEIR CHRS? Warner: WELL, IT D DO THAT, Y. THE U.S.ND EUROPEANS BOTH THINK THAT THIS IS A BIG DEAL. YOU KNOW, CHINA'S ATTITUDE AND DIA'S ATTITUDE HAS ALYS BEEN, UP UNTIL NOW, YOU WEALTHY NATIONS CREAT THIS PROBLEM, YOU ALL SVE IT WHILE WE GW. TODAY PRESENT HU IDE ILL ARE GOINGTO GROW BUT WE THINK WE CAN DO THAT AND STILL SET SOME TARGETS FOR OURSELV FOR 2020. THE CHINESE IS DIFFERENT FR THE ONEHE EUROPEANS AND AMICANS ARE EXPECTED TO EMBRACE BECAUSE IT'S MEASURED AS A RIO TO G.D.P. WHATHAT REALLY MEANS IS TT AS CHINA CTINUES TO GROW, IT'S ITS ESSIONS MAY GROW BUT MSURED AGAINST THE TREND LINE OF HOW FAST THEY WOULD GROW IF EY DID NOTHING ABOUT8 EMISSIONS IS A DRAMAT CHANGE. SO BOTH THE S. AND EUROPEANS SAY THEY STILLWANT TO SEE THE NUMBERS. WHAT DOES PRIDENT HU MEAN BY A NOTALE MAGIN? EY DO NOTE THAT UNLIKE IN THR COUNTRIES WHEN THE PRESIDENT CHINA MAKES THE COMMITMENT, GEN THAT COUNTRY'SOP-DOWN ONE-PARTY SYSTEM, THAT MEA THE COUNTRY'S COMMITTED. HE DOESN'T HAVTO GO BACK TO SOME PESKY CONGRESS TO PERSDE.

>> Suarez: SPKING OF THAT, AS WE SAW IN YOUR REPOR, PRESIDENT OBAMA ALSO SPOKE ABOUT GREENHOUSE GASES TODAY. WAHE SPEAKING TO AN AUDIENCE TH IS A LITTLE BIT MRE SKTICAL ABOUT AMECA'S COMMMENT TOEDUCING ITS EMISSIONS?

>> THINK YOU JUST PUT YOUR FIER ON IT, RAY. ALL THIS TO-ING ANDROING FROMUROPEANS ABOUT WH THE CONGRESS ANDENATE HASN PAED LEGISLATION AND HAVE IT SIGNED FM THE U.S. SAYING WHAT IT'SEADY TO DO REFCTS JUSTHAT SKEPTICISM. THEY ALL REMEMBER KYOTO IN 1997 VICE PRESINT GORE, REMEMB, FLEWHERE. HE TUALLY BROKE THE LAW, JIM, AND HELPED GET E KYOTO DEAL. HE ENDORSED IT. THU.S. SENATENEVER RATIFIED IT EVEN WHEN BIL CLINTONAS PRESIDENT AND PRESIDE BUSH WAED AWAY FROM IT TOGETHER. WHETHER IT'S THAT DIFFERENCE OF OPINION WITH E EUROPES OR AIFFERENCE OF OPION OV WHO IS GOING T STEP UP AND COMMIT MRE MONEY TO HELP THE PREROUNTRIES ADJUST AND ADA, THE UNRLYING FEELING ANG MANY DELEGATES IN THIS HALL IS KNOW PRESIDENT OBAMA HAS A DIFFERT LEVEL OF COMMITNT TO THIS GOAL, BT WE ARE NOT SURE THAT THE S. POLITICAL SYSTEMILL ACTUALLY DELIVER.

>> Suaz: BETWEEN THEM, CHINA AND THE UNITED STATES COUNT FOR ABOUT 40% OF THE WORLD EMISSIONS. BUT WHAT ABOUT THE OTHER BIG POLLUTS THAT ARE THERE IN NEW YORK THIS WEEK, RUSSIA, JAPAN, WESRN EOPE? ARE THE BIG INDUSTRIAL COUNTRIES ANY CLOSER TO AN AGREEMENT THIS WEEK? >>arner: IT IS TOOARLY TO SAY. THIS IS THE END OF THEAY. AS YOU KNOW, RAY, THIS MEETING WAS REGARDED AS THE LAST CHANCE TO KK-START THE COPENHAGEN TAL AND GET A DE BECAUSE NEOTIATORS HAVE BEEN GOING ROUND AND ROU IN CIRCLES. THERE'A 200-PAGE DRAFT OF THE BI. WE'RE TO THAT SOMETHING LIKE A THOUSAND BRACKETED AAS, AREAS DISAGREEMENT. SO THE HOPE WASTHAT THE LEADERS WOULD MAK A COMMITMENT. EACH OTHEM WOULD STEP UP AND SAY, OKAY, WE'RE READY TO DO THIS. LET'STOP BLAMING THE OTHER SIDE. THIS IS WHAT PRESIDENT OAMA MESSAGE WATODAY. BUT DESPITE THIS CLIMATE CHANGE SUMMIT, THEY DIDN'T RELY HAVE A CHANCE TO GAGE. MOST OF THEM HA SO MANY OTHER MEETINGS, FOR INANCE, PRESIDENT OBAMA ONLY SYED 40 NUTES. THE REAL SERIOUS TALK WAS TAKING PLACE OR JUST FINISHED A MEETING TWEEN PRESIDENT OBA AND PRESIDENT HU PRIVATELY. THEY DHAVE THE DINNER, AS I NTIONED IN THE TAPED PICE AT BAN-KI MOON' TONIGHT AND THEN AT THE G-20.

>> Suarez: PRESIDENT OBAMA WAS ALSO INVVED IN MIDDLE ET DIPLOMACY DAY. AN PROGRESS REPORTED FRO THE THREE PARTIES TER THAT MEETING? >>O. NO, NO PROGRESS REPTED. CERTNLY FROM TODAY'S MEETING. IT WAS DESCBED AS CORDIAL BUT ANK. DIPLO-SPEAK, OF COURSE FOR NO HOLDS RRED. THE U.S. HAD EXPECTED AND HOPED THAT AT LEAST PRESIDEN OBAMA AT THIS MEETING WULD BE ABLE TO ANNOCE THAT THEY WERE GOING TO RESU PEACE TALKS. I MEAN THAT WOULDN'T SOLVE ANYTHING. THATOULD SAY THEY'RE ADY TO TALK AGAIN. IN FT, MY UNDERSTANDING IS THAT ACTUALLY THE U.S. ENCOURAGES THO EXPECTATIO HOPES THAT I WOULD GIVE THE TWO PARTYS A SENSE OF DEADLINES. WHEN GEORGE MITCHELL LE THE REGION ON FRIDAY NGHT THEY HAD NO DEAL. I'M TOLDE'S THE ONE WHO SAID TO PRESIDENT OBAMA, U KNOW WHAT? YOU SHOULD HAVE A MEETING ANYWAY. CAUSE AGAIN NEGOTIATORS GOING ROD AND ROUND IN CIRCLES. WEE GOT TO DO SOMETHING TO CHANGE THE DYNIC. IF YOU GET THEM TOGETH IN YOUR FIRST MEENG WITH THEM EVER AS A DUO, IT MAY DO TH. YOU KNOW, THEROBLEM IS AT BOTH THESE LEERS, NETANYAHU AND ABBAS FROM THESE CONSTITUENCIES TY HAVE TO DEAL WH. NETAAHU HAS A COALITION, IF HE TOOK RISKIER BOLD STEP AND PRESIDT ABBAS ALSO HAS GOT ELECTIONS TO THINK AUT EARLY NEXT YEAR. SO PRESIDENT OBAMA'S AIDES SAY HE'S NOT DISCOAGED BY THIS BUT CERTAINLY THE DIFFICULTY TO EVEN T THE TWO OF THEM TO AGREE TO RESUME TALKS DOES SHOW JUST HOW INTRACTABLE THESE TWO PARTIES HAVE BOME.

>> Suarez: MAARET WARNER FROMOUTSIDE THE UNIS NATIONS, THANKS, MARGARET.

>> Warner: THANK YOU, RAY.

>> Lehrer: IN OTHER NEWS TAY: E DEPOSED PRESIDENT OF NDURAS REMAINED HOLED UP IN THHONDURAN CAPITAL, AS POLICE AND PROTESTERS CLAED. MANUEL ZELAYA TURNED TO THE COTRY, IN SECRET, ON MONDAY, THREE MONTHS AFTER HE WAS TOPPLED IN A COUP. WE HAVE A REPORT NRATED BY LISEY HILSUM OF INDEPENDENT TEVISION NEWS.

>> Reporter: AT DAWN, THE RIOT POLICE MOVED IN TO DISPERSE THE OUSTED PRESIDENT'S SUPPORRS. THEYATHERED OVERNIGHT OUTSIDE THE BRAZILIAN EMBASSY WHERE HE'S TAKEN REFUGE. THEEMONSTRATORS THREW RE BOMBS. THE POLICE, TEAR GAS. THERE WERE HUNDREDS NOT THOUSANDS OF PROTESTERS. BUT THEY'RE PAIONATE, FURIOUS ABOU THE COUPs THREE MONTHS AGO WHICH FORCED THEIR LEADER TO FL.

>> THEY'RE REPRESSING US. THEY'RE THROWING TEAR GAS AND OUTING AT US. >>eporter: AFTER DISPERSING THE CROWD, HONDAN SOLDIERS SURROUNDED THE BRAZILIAN EMBASSY. WATER, TLEPHONE LINESND ELECTRICITY WE CUT. ANDHEY PLAYE LOUD MUSIC AND SIRENS IN THEOPE OF FORCING MR. ZALIA OUT. INSIDE HE SGESTED THAT HE WANTS TO REVIVE PEACE TALKS WHICH THE COUNTRY'S NEW LERS HAD ABANDONED.

>> MY PRESENCE HERE IS YOUR OPPOUNITY TO OPEN THE SSIBILITIES OF DIALOGUE, TO MAKE HOURAS WHATONDURANS WANT, A SOCIETOF PEACE AND DIALOGUE AND CONNSUS WITH A SENSE OFEBATE WHEN IT NEED.

>> Reporter:UT FOR NOW, THE ARMY HOLDS SWAY. THE U.N. IN NEW YOR, THE BRAZILIANS SGESTED AN EMERGENCY MEETING OF THE SECURITY COUIL AND PLEED FOR LM.

>> THIS MORNING I SPOKE TO T PRESIDENT SILY TO ASK HIM TO BE VERY REFUL NOT TO GIVE ANY PREXT TO THE COUPS LEADERS TO CARRY OUT ANY VIOLCE. THE COUNTRYS UNDER MARTIAL LAW.

>> Reporter: A CURFEW IS IN FORCE IN THE HONDURAN CAPITOL AS BOTH SIDES WA FOR THE OTHES NEXT MOVE. >>ehrer: LATER, THE ACTING PRESIDENT OF HONDURAS ID HE HAS NO PLANS TO ND TROOPS INTO THE BRAZILIAN EMBAY. AND IN WASHINGN, A STATE DEPARTMENT SPOKESMAN URGED A PARTIES TO REMAIN CALM. IN LOS ANGELES, HUNDREDSF FEDERAL AGENTS AND LOCAL PICE SPREAD ACROSS THE REON TODAY, HUNTING A NORIOUS STREET GANG. THE "AVENUES" GANG IS ACSED OF CRIMES RANGINGROM MURDER TO DRUG DEALING, GOING CK MORE THAN DECADE. HEAVILY-ARMED OFFICE RAIDED HOMES IN SEARCH 53 ALLEGED GANG MEMBE AND THEIR ASSOCIES. 43 SUSCTS WERE ALREADY IN CUSTODY ON OER CHARGES. IT WAS T LATEST IN A SERIES OF RAIDS IN RECENT MONTHS. SECURITY BULLENS HAVE GONE OUT TO POLICE DEPARTMENTACROSS THE COUNTR THAT FOLLOWS TERROR PROBE IN NEW YORKITY AND DENVER. IN THO BULLETINS, THE FBI AND THE DEPARTME OF HOMELAND SECURITY WARN SPORTSTADIUMS, ENTERTAINMENT COMPLEXES AND HOTELSRE POSSIBLE TARGETS. BUT THEY SAY THE IS NO SIGN OF ANY ECIFIC PLOTS. A SEPARATE WARNING HAS PMPTED STEPPED- PATROLS AT BUS AND TRAIN STATIONS. THE RAINTOPPED FALLING, BUT THE WAR WENT ON RISING TODAY, ROSS PARTS OF THE SOUTHEASTE U.S. THE TOLL IDEATH AND PROPERTY DAMAGE KEPCLIMBING AS WELL. NEWSUR CORRESPONDENT KWAME HOLMAN HAS OUR REPOR

>> Reporter:LOODWATERS INUNDATED MEOPOLITAN ATLANTA'S INTERSTATE HIGHWAY STEM THIS MORNINAFTER A FOOT OF RAIN FELL IN THE AREA ON MONDAY IT WAS THE LATEST OFAYS OF HEAVY RA ACROSS THE SOUTHEAST. THERE'VE BEEN NINE FALITIES REPORTEDO FAR. MANY WERE OSE WHOSE CARS WERE CAUGHT IN FLASH FLOODS.

>> HE SAID, "I'M ON OL MILL ROAD. WATER'S OODING IN MY CAR. I CAN'T GET IT ON." HE SD, "I GOTTA CALL 911," AND THEN HIS PHONE WT DEAD. Reporter: FLOODWATERS ALSO OVERTOOK HUNDREDS OF RDS AND BRGES, ALONG WITH NEIGHBORHOS, PARKING LOTS, EVEN AN AMUSEMENT PARK. THE FLOODING HAS SEAD ACROSS PARTS GEORGIA, ALABAMA, NORTH, CAROLINA AND TEESSEE, D COMES AFTER TWO YEARS OF DROUGHT CONDIONS IN THE REGION. IN POWDER SPRINGS, GEORGIA, RESCUE CREWSOOK TO BOATS TO BRING OUT PEOPLE STRDED IN THEIR HOME

>> WE COULDN'T GETUR CAR DOWN THE AD. THERE WAS REALLY NO WAY WE CLD EVEN TRY TO WALK OUT. WEAD WATER ALL AROUND THE HOUSE, SO WEEALLY HAD TO BE SCUED.

>> Reporter: GEORG'S GOVERNOR ALREADY HAD DEARED A STATE OF EMERNCY FOR 17 COUNTIES, AND TODA HE ASKED EVACUEES TO RESIST THE URGE TO RURN HOME.

>> WE' NO MATCH FOR THE KIND OF FORCEHAT WATER CAN PUT UPON US, SO PASE, PLEASE RESTRAIN YOURSELVES. EV AS TEMPTING AS IT IS TO GET BACK AND THI YOU'RE SAFE, LET THOSE WATERS RECEDE ANTHEN WE'LL CALCULE THE DAMAGE.

>> Rorter: THE NATIONAL WEATHER SEICE HAD A BETTER FORECA FOR THE WORST-HIT AREAS OF T SOUTHEAST-- MUCH LESS RAIN IN THE DAYS IMMEDIALY AHEAD.

>> Lehrer: POLICE IN FRANC BULLDOZED A MAKESHIFT IMMIANT CAMP TODAY NR THE CITY OF CAIS. EY CLEARED OUT HUNDREDS OF ILLEGAL IMMIGRANTS, MA FROM AFGHANISTAN, WAITINGO CROSS THE ENGLISCHANNEL TO BRITAIN. OFFICERS DETNED NEARLY 300 PELE. THE SITE HAD BECOMA THORN IN FRENCH-BRITISH RATIONS. HUMAN TRAFCKERS PROMISED PASSAGE ROSS THE CHANNEL FOR GE FEES, AND THEN DESERTED T IMMIGRANTS. IN ECONOMINEWS, THERE WAS WORD THE U.S. GOVNMENT MIGHT BORROW HEAVILFROM LARGE, HEALTHY BANKS HELP INSURE DEPOSITS. "THE NEW YORK TIMES" RORTED THFEDERAL DEPOSIT INSURANCE CORPORION NEEDS BILLIONS OF LLARS. IT FINANCIALLY STRAPPED AFTER A SEES OF BANK FAILURES. OTHER OPTIONS INCLE IMPOSING AN EMERGENCY FEE ON BANKOR TAPPING A LINE OCREDIT WITH THE U.S. TREASURY. WALL STREET TODAY, THE DOW JONES INDUSTRIALVERAGE GAINED 51 POINTS TOLOSE NEAR 9,830. THE NASDAQ ROSE EIGHT POTS TO CLOSE AT 214

>> Lehrer: AND STILL TO CO ON THE NEWSHOUR TONIGHT: STORING SOLAR POWER; SHIFTING THEFGHAN STRATEGY; D POET HEATHER McHUGH. THAT FOLLOWS THE LATEST ON HEALTH CE REFORM. BETTY N BOWSER REPORTS FOR OUR HEALTH UNIT, PARTNERSHIP WITH THE ROBERTOOD JOHNSON FOUNDATION. >>eporter: A LINE OF WOULD-BE SPTATORS SNAKED OUT THE HEARING ROOM DOOR THIS MORNI AS THE FULL SENA FINANCE COMMITTEE BEGAN WORK ON IT LONG-AWAITED HEAH CARE REFORM BI. CHAIRED BY MONTANAEMOCRAT MAX BAUCUS, THE PANEL THE LAST OF FIVEONGRESSIONAL COMMITTEES TO TACKLE LEGISLATION. FOR MONTHS, BAUCUS SOUGH SUPPORT OF ME REPUBLICANS, BUT THAT LKED UNLIKELY WHEN HE UNVEILED HIS PROPOSAL, OSO- CALLED "MARK THIS MORNING.

>> T MARK BEFORE US TODAY IS A BALANCED, MMON-SENSE PLAN THAT TAS THE BEST IDEAS FROM BOTH SIDES. IT DESIGNED TO GET THE 60 VOTES THAT IT NEEDS TOASS. NOW, THEHOICE IS UP TO US.

>> Reporter:N THEIR OPENING RERKS, SENATORS FELL LARGELY ALONG PARTY LINES. REPUBLICANS COMPLAED THE BILL HAS TOO MA NEW TAXES THAT WOULD HURT THE MIDDLE CLS, SOMETHG PRESIDENT OBAMA PROMED HE WOULD NOT ALW WHEN HE RAN FORRESIDENT.

>> AS OUR DEFIT CONTINUES TO RISE AND O DEBT TRIPLES IN THE XT DECADE, ALL THESE TAXES WILL CONTINUE TO RISE. THIS BILL IS LAYING THE SEED ARE GIVING WASHINGTON A WHO NEW CHECKBOOK.

>> Reporter: RANKING RUBLICAN CHARLES ASSLEY.

>> THIS BILL HASEW TAXES ON EVERYTNG FROM Q-TIPS TO PACEMAKERS, FROM CANR SCREENINGS TO PREGNAY TESTS. THERE IS EVEN A $60 LLION ACRO-THE-BOARD HEALTH PLAN TAX. EXPERTS AND ECONOMISTS S ALL OF THESE HEALTH CARE TES WILL BEASSED ON TO CONSUMERS. >>eporter: GRASSLEY ALSO CRITICIZED THE WHITE HOU. HE SAIPRESIDENT OBAMA's TEAM HAD FORCED AN ARBITRARY DELINE ON THE COMMIEE, WHILE HE AND OTHER MEMBERS OF THE SCALLED "GANG OF SIX" WERE TING TO COME UP WITH A BARTISAN BILL.

>> HERE WE ARE, THE CRY OF IMPATIENCE HASON OUT AND THE ARTIFICIAL DEADLINE WAS T CHARGE OF THIS PCESS. THEY HAVE PUT MOVINGUICKLY OVER MOVING CORRECTL INCLUDING OSE THAT DEAL WITH DELIVERY CARING,INANCING AND EXPAION OF INSANCE COVERAGE. FOR SOME DEMOCRATS AND ONE K REPUBLICAN, THE BGEST CONCERNS ABOUT THE BILL ARE WHETHER IT HAS ADEQUATE SUBSIDIES FOR SOME UNIURED AND E FACT THAT IT DOES NOT ALW A PUBLIC OPTION. WEST VIRGINIA'S JAY ROEFELLER:

>> WE NEED TO PROVE FAMILIES WITH THE OPTION TONROLL IN PUBLIC HLTH INSURANCE PLAN. I WISH IT WEREN'CALLED A PUBLIC HEALTH INSURANCE AN, BUT A FAMILY HEALTH INRANCE PLAN. "PUBLIC"S NOT WELL RECEIVED, BUT THAT DOESN MEAN THE IDEA ISOT GOOD ONE.

>> Rorter: MAINE'S OLYMPIA SNOWE IS THE ONE REPUBLIN ON THE COMMTEE THAT MAY VOTE FOR THE BILL

>> IN THAT LIG, THE MARK BEFORE US IS A SID STARTING POINT, BUT WE ARE FAR FROM T FINISH LINE. WE SIMPLY NNOT ADDRESS ONE SIXTH OF OUR ECONOMY AND A MATTER OF SU PERSONAL AND FINANCIAL SIGNIFICAN TO EVERY ERICAN ON THE LEGISLATIVE FA TRACK.

>> Reporter: SNOWE HAS OFFER AN AMENDNT MAKING GOVERNMENT- RUN PUIC INSURANCE AN EMERGENCY OPTION ICOVERAGE REINS TOO EXPENSIVE FOR SOME AMERICANS. THE SO-CALD "TRIGGER" OPTION WOULD SET UP A GOVERNMENT-RU PLAN IN ANY ATE WHERE AFFORDABLE COVERAGWAS NOT AVAIBLE TO 95% OF RESIDENTS.

>> SHE'SERY MUCH ENGAGED AND BOARD WITH WHERE THEY ARE.

>> Reporr: HEALTH CARE ECONIST LEN NICHOLS, WHO HEADS THE HEALTHOLICY PROGRAM AT THE NEW AMERICFOUNDATION, SAYS SENATOR SNOWE COULD BE THE LYNCHPIN FOR ME REPUBLICAN SUPPT.

>> I THINK SENATOR SNOWE'SDEA OF A TRIGGER--HAT IS TO SAY, A POSSIBLE COMPETING PLABE BROUGHT INTOOME MARKETS, NOT ALL, BUT SOME MARKETS, IF THE AR'T TWO COMPETING PLANS THAT OFFER AFRDABLE PREMIUMS TO PEOPLE. I THINK THAT'SN IDEA THAT MIGHT FIND TRACTION ONOTH DES OF THE AISLE.

>> Reporter: THIAFTERNOON, BAUCUS ANNOUNCED MIFICATIONS TO HIS DRAFT DESIGNETO KEEP LIBERADEMOCRATS HAPPY AND APPEASE FISCALLY CONSERVATE MEERS OF HIS OWN PARTY WHO'VE WORRIED ABOUTHE COST OF REFO. AMONG THE 36-PAGES OF ANGES: BSIDIES FOR MODERATE INCOME AMERICANWOULD BE INCREASED TO MAKE COVERAGE RE AFFORDABLE. FOR FAMILY OF 4 MAKING UP TO $88.000 AND INDIVIDUALMAKING UP TO $43,0. THERE WOULD BEOWER PENALTIES FOR THOSE WHO DOOT BUY HEALTH INSURANCE-- ,900 For A Family Of FOUR INSTEAD Of $800. AND FEWER HIGH-CT-- OR SO- CALLEDADILLAC -- PLANS WOULD BE TAXED. E SENATE FINANCE COMMITTEE I EXPECTED TO CONTUE WORKING ON EXPECTED TO CONTINUE WORKINGN THE BILL THIS EK... AND

>> Woodruff: AWE HEARD IN BETTANNE'S REPORT JUST NOW, ONE OF THE CENTRAL ISSS IN THE HEALTH CARE DETE IS WHETHER INSURANCE ULD BE AFFORDABLE FOR THOSEHO DON'T CURRENTLY HAVE IT. WE TAKE A CLOSER LOOK AT THOSE QUESONS WITH THE HELL SUSAN DENTZER, EDITOR IN CIEF OF T JOURNAL HEALTH AFFAI AND AN OCCASIONAL AALYST FOR THE NEWSHOUR. SUSAN, GOOD TOAVE YOU BA WITH US.

>> GREAT TO BE WH YOU, JY.

>> Wdruff: REMIND US AAIN HOW MANY AERICANS DON'T HAVE HEALTH INSURANCE AT ALL. THE GROUP THAT WE'RE TAING ABOU AND THINKROUGHLY B A CATEGORYF INCOME.

>> WHAVE I TERMS OF AMERICANS, THAT IS TO S, CIZENS WITHOUT HEALTH INSURANCIN THIS COUNTRY BY E LATEST CENSUS NUMBERS PROBABLY AROUND 36 MILLION. ERE ARE ANOTHER 10 MILLION NON-CITIZENS. UNDOCUMENTED IMMIGRANTS, REFUGEES, LEL PERMANENT RESIDENTS,T CETERA. BUT TALK ABOUT AMERICANS 36 MILLION. I THINK WE'VE GOT CHART THAT SHOWS HOW THESBREAK OUT. NOW IF YOU TAKE A LOOK ATHAT PULE SCE OF THAT PIE THERE, THAT'SEOPLE AT $88,000 AND ABOVE FAMILY INCOME FOR A FAMILY OF FOUR. THAT'S 400% OF THE FEDERAL POVERTY LEVEL.

>> Woodruf STILL WITHOUT HEALTH INSURANCE.

>> STILL WITHOUT HEALTH INSURANCE. LET'S TAKE OUT THAT SLICE OF THE PIE OUGH BECAUSE IT'S GENERALLY PRESUM THAT PEOPLE WITH THAT MUCH INCOME COULD AFFORD TBUY INSURANCE THEMSELVES SO IF YOU TAKE AWAY THAT PURPLE SLICE OF THE PIE, AND YOU TA ABOUT WHAT'S LE, THE BLUE, THE GREEN AND THE ORANGE, YOU G ABOUT 30 MILLION PEOPL DISTBUTED ACROSS THOSE THREE CATEGORIES. AND THE BIGGEST SINGLE CATERY, AS YOU SEE OR AT LEAST THEIGNIFICANT SIZE CATEGORY IS THAT BLUE SLICE. THOSE ARPEOPLE WHO ARE AT OR BELOW THEEDERAL POVERTY LEVEL. $22,000 OF IOME FOR A FILY OF FOUR THIS YEAR. AND WHAT IS UNDERWAY N IS AN ATTEMPT TO PUT TOGTHER VAOUS MODES OFCOVERING THOSE PEOPLE IN VARIOUS WAYS THROUGH VIOUS PIES, POTS, ET CETERA.

>> Woodruff: LET'S START WH THE LOWEST INCE GROUP. IF THEY'RE NOT ON MEDICAID WHICH OF COURSE A GOVERNMENT PROGR, WHAT IS THE BAUCUS PLAN, WHAT DO THE DEMOCRATS PROSE TO DO ABOUT THOSE FOLKS INHAT LOWEST LEVEL?

>> SUPRISINGLY ENOUGH THOSE OPLE IN THAT BLUEPART OF THE PIE ARE UNIURED. THOSE ARE PEOP WHO ARE OR BUT NOT IN MEDICAID. WH BECAUSE MEDICAID ELIGIBILITY RULES VARY FROM STATE TO STATE. THE ARE ALSO PVISIONS OF DERAL LAW THAT EP CERTAIN POOR PEOPLE OFF MEDICAID. FOR EXAMPLE, ADULTS WHO D'T HAVE DEPENDENT CHILDREN DO NOT QUALIFY EXCEPT IN SOME STATES FOR MEDICAIDOVERAGE. SO THE BILLS ALL ACROSS THE BOARD, THE DEMOCRATIC BIS WOULD ALL RAISE TH LEVEL OF ELIGIBILITY FOPEOPLE IN MEDICAID. IT WOULD GO UP TO 133% OF T POVERTY LEVEL AND PUT ON A LOT OF THO SO-CALLED CHILDLESS ADULTS. THAT PART OF T SAFETY NET WOULDE SWELLED. IT WOULD GRAB ALL OF THOSE PEOPLE I THAT BLUE RT OF THE PIE AND A LITTLE BIT MERGING INTO THE GREEN PARTF THPIE.

>> Woodruff:NVOLVING SUBSIDIES FROM T GOVERNMENT.

>> DIRECTLY PAID FO BY THE DICAID PROGRAM. E MEDICAID PROGRAM WHICH NOW COVE 63 MILLIONNDIVIDUALS WOULD GROW BY A SUBSTANTL MARGIN. NOW, UP THE INCOME SLE. THOSFOLKS WOULD NOT G INTO MECAID. THEY INSTE WOULD BE THE POPULATION ELIGIE TO BUY INSURANCE COVERAGE THROUGH T NEW HEALTH INSURANCE EXCHANGES THAT WOULD BE T UP IN E ALL A STATES AT LET UNDER THE BAUCUS BILL. A COMBINATION OF STATE AND FEDERAL GOVERNME UNDER SOME OF THE OTHER BILLS. THOSINDIVIDUALS, AS WE CAN SEE, STILL AREOT THATIGH INCOME. EVEN T PEOPLE WHO ARE UP AT 300% OF THE FDERAL POVEY LEL. SO THEY NEED SUBSIDIES TO HELP THEM BUY COVERAGE. THE BILLS THAT WERE REFERRED TO AFFORBILITY CREDITS, THESE ARE T CREDITS THAT PEOPLE WOU GET IN ADVANCE SO THEYCOULD ACTUAL TAKE T MONEY KIND OF LIKE A VOUCHER AND GO TO BUY HEAL INSURANCE VERAGE. NOW THE OUNT OF THESE BSIDIES AND WHETHER THEY'RE GENEROUS ENOUGH WHAT'S IN DISPUTE AS BETTY ANNE SAID I HER PIECE. BASICALLY IF YOU STEP BACK AND SAY, WHAT ARE PEOLE GOING TO BE REQUIRED TOO,ELL, THERE'S THE MANDATE THAT'S GOING TOEQUIRE THEM TO HAVE COVERAGE. IT'S GOING TO REIRE PEOPLE TO GO TO THE EXCHANGE. HOW G IS IS THE IURANCE PACKAGTHAT THEY'RE GOING TO HAVE TO BUY IS ONE ISSUE. HOW MUCH OF EIR INCOME DO THEY HAVE TO P OUT FOR THE PREMMS IS ANOTHE ISSUE HOW MUCH DO THEY HAVE TO PAY DEDUCTIBLES AND CO-PAYS IS A ESHOO AND WHERES T T OF POCKET LIMIT ON THEIR COSTS. ALL OF THOSE THINGS DETERMINE EFFORDABLE.

>> Woodruff: WE WERE WATCHING SENATOBAUCUS MOVING TO MAKE ITORE AFFORDABLE TO SOME OF THESE PEOPLEN THE MIDDLE INCOME GRO TO BE ABLE TO GET INSURANCE.

>> YES. Woodruff: IT WILL COST THE GOVERNMENT MORE UNDER HIS PROSAL.

>> IT IS. HE BASALLY TOOK $50 MILLION MOREND SPREAD IT AUND TO MAKE THESE AFFORDABILITY CREDITS MO GENEROUS. HE OFFSET THAT WITH SOM CHANGES ON THE TAX SIDE. AS BETTY AN MENTIONED HE ALSO LOWERED THE PENALTIES AT E HIGH END FOR THE... IF YOU DON'T OBLIGE WITH THE MANDATE. THEN H CHANGED NUMBERS ON THE HIGH COST EXCISE TAX ON INSURANCE. AS BETTY ANNE SAID, BUT H ALSO LTED THE RATES. THE RATEGO FROM 30% TO 40%. LOTS OFMOVING PIECES AROUND TO MAKE THIS PACKAGE HANG TOGETHER

>> Woodruff: DERLYINGLL IS WE KN E SATOR'S DESIRE TO KEEP T OERALL NUMBER AS W AS POSSIBLE. HE WANTS IT $9 BILLION WHI IS WT THE PRESIDENT HAS TALKED ABOUT EVEN THOUGH HE'S TRD TO MAKE THIS MORE AFFORDABLE FOR MIDDLE-INCOME PEOPLE.

>> STILL HE BELIEVES ITIS STILL BUDG NEUTRAL. THAT IS TO SAY AT THE D OF THE 10th YEAR,IT WILL NOT BE ADDING TO TH BUDGET DEFICI IT WILL NOT BE ADDING TO THE BUET DEFICITSUBSTANTIALLY IN MOST OF THE YEARSO COME. IT WILL EFFECT LARGELY BE PAID FOR. OF COURSE IT NOW UP TO E CONGSSIONAL BUDGET OFFICE TO LOOK AT WHATE'S DONE AND PUT ALL TH NUMBERS TOGETHER AND E IF THEY WK OUT ITE THAT WAY. AT LST THAT'S THE PPOSITION.

>> Woouff: FINALLY, SUSAN, IT'S NOW REALLYOING TO BE UP TO MAINLY THE DEMOCRATS. THEY'RSTILL TRYING TO GET THAT ONE REPUBLICAN VOTE OR RE, OLYMP SNOW. IT WILL BEP TO THE DEMOCRATS FOR SENOR BAUCUS TO SATISF THE MO LIRAL DEMOCTS ON HIS COMMITTEE

>> THAT'RIGHT. LOOKING FOR THAT SPECAL COMBATION THAT WILL GET ENOU OF THEM ON BOARD. 'S IMPORTANT TO SEE THATHE HOUSE BILL WAS SUBSTANALLY RE GENEROUS TERMS OF THESE SUBSIDIES AVAIBLE TO PEOPLE. THSENATE HEALTH COMMITTEE BILL WAS MUCH MO GENEROUS. SO A LOT OF THEORE LIBAL DEMOCRATS E LOOKING AT THOSE TWO BILLS AS THE BASELINE. OF COURSTHEY COST MUCH MORE. BUT BAUCUS ON THE OTH HAND IS TRYING TO KEP MORE OF THE REPUBLICANS HAPPY BY NOT HAVING TO BILL CSTS SO MUC IT IS IS REALLY A CONDERABLE BALANCINACT THAT HE'S ENGAD IN AT THE MOMENT. >>oodruff: A BALCING ACT INDEED. SUSADENTZER, THANKS VERY MUCH. >>ICE TO BE WITH YOU JUDY.

>> Lehrer: NT TONIGHT, ANOTHER IN OUR SERS ABOUT INNOVATING, EVEN IN ECONOMIC HD TIMES. TONIGHT, FINDING WAYTO STORE ELECTRICITY GENERAD BY THE ND AND THEUN. NEWSHOUR CORRESPONDENT TOM BEARDEHAS OUR SCIENCE UNIT STORY. SNOORT SOLAR PELS LIKE THESE MAY SOONPREAD OVER HALF A MILLION ACRES OF CAFORNIA'S JAVE DESERT AND ONUBLIC LANDS IN MANYOTHER STATES. WI FARMS HAVE ALREADY SPROUT IN 28 STATES ANDMORE E ON THE WAY. THE OBAMA ADMINISTRATIOWANTS TO SPEND $209 BILLION ON RENEWABLE ENER PROJECTSIKE THESE OVER THE NEXT TEN ARS. T THERE'S A HUGE OBSTLE TO RENEWABLES TAKING A LARGER SHARE OF THE NAON'S UTILITY BURDEN WHATAPPENS WHEN THE SUN N'T SHINING ANDTHE WIND ISN'T BLING? TWO SCIENTISTS AT THE MAACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF CHNOLOGY ARE EXPERIMENTING WITH INNOVATIVE APPROACHES THAT MIG PROVIDE A WAY TO STORE RENEWABLE ENERGY.

>> JUST ABOVE US IS THE RADIATION LABORATORY WHERE RADAR WAS FIRST PRACTICED.

>> Reporter: PROFESSOR DONAL SADAWAY OFN JOKES ABOUT THE NG, DARK HALLWAY THAT LEADS TO HIS SUB TERRAINIAN BATRY LABORATORY. HE SAID THE BIOSCIENCESET BETTER SPACES BECAUSTHEY'RE CURRENTLY CONSIDED SEXIER.

>> IT'S INTERESTING BECAUSE THE UPPER ELECTRODE HAS MORE CURVATURE.

>> Rorter: BUT HE AND HIS GROUP OF GRADUATETUDENTS MIGHT TURN O TO BE JUST AS IMPORTANT.

>> TS IS THE KEY TO ENABLING RENEWABLE ENERGY. THE BIG PROBMS IN SOL, PHOTOVOLAICS IS STORE. YOU C'T JUST GO TO THE AU ORE AND BUY A OLE BUNCH OF LEAD ACID BATTIES AND LIE THEM DOWN IN A FIELD. YOU'VE GOT TO HAVE HIGH-DENSITY, HIGH-POWERED ENERGY STORAGE CAPABILITY. SO THEBATTERY IS THE KY- ENABNG TECHNOLOGY.

>> Repter: SADAWAY'S RESECH HAS FOCUSED ON WHAT BATTERIES ARE MADE OF AND HOW TO SCA THEM UP TO STORE LARGE AMOUNTS O ELECTRICITY. ALL BATTERIES HAVE ANNODE WHERE A CURRENT FLOWS INND A CATHODE USUALLY MADEF METAL WHERE A CURRENTFLOWS OUT. BOTH ARE EMERGED IN A LIQID, SOTHING THAT CONDUCTS TREK ITITY. SINCE THE BATTERY WAS INVENTED IN 1800 SCIENTIS HAVE BEEN EXPERIMENTING WITH VARIOUS MATERIALS. MOST OF USAVE HEARD OF SOME THESE INGREDIENTS BECAUSE TODAY'S BATTERIES ARE DESCRIBED BY WHAT IS INSIDE. BUT THE SADAWAYROUP IS TRYING SOMETHINGOMPLETELY DIFFERT. THEYE EXPERIMENTING WITH BAERIES THAT CONTN LIQUID METAL HEATED TO HIGH TEMPERATES.

>> SO THIS IS A BATTERY THAT'S DESIGNED FOR LARGE-SCALE ENERGY SRAGE. WE'RE TALKING HEREBOUT IN THE TREME GRID LEVESTORAGE. ALSO IMPORTANT FOR THGS LIKE RENEWABLES. SOLAR AND WIND. AND IT'S A VY, VERY DIFFERENT DESIGN. IT CON SVES OF THEE LIQUID YERS SO WE CALL IT LIQUID TTERY. THERE'S NOOLID IN HERE EXCEPT FORBVIOUSLY THE CASE BUT WE HAVE A LIQUID METAL ON TOP OF A LIQUID SALT O TOP OF A LIQUID MEL. THE TWO LIQUID METALS ARE TWO DIFFERENT ECTRODES. THEY NATURALLY STAY SEPARATE. THEY'RE LIKE SAD OIL AND VINEGAR CAUSE WHEN YOU'RE STING THE GRID YOU HAVE TO BE ABLE STORE NOT JUST A LOT OF ENERGY BT TAKE IT DOWN AND GIVE IT BK ATVERY, VERY HI CURRENT RATES. WE NE MEGATT HOUR STORA AT MEWATT POWER DELIVERY RATES.

>> Reporter: THIS IS JUST A ALL TEST DEVICE HE ENVISIONS LIQUID METAL BATTERIES TH SIZ OF ECTRICAL SUBSTATIONS ROUTINELY STORIN MEGAATE WITH AS OFOWER GERATED BY SOLAR COECTORS DURING THE DAY OR WIND FARMS. HE IS ALSO WORKING ON MUCH SMALR BATTERIES FOR MORE COMMON APPLICATIONLIKE THIS THIN, FLEXIBLE DESIGN THAT, UNLIKE MOS CONTAINS NO LIQUID AT ALL.

>> YOU CANMAGINE IN BIOMEDICAL APPCATIONS, THIS THING CAT LEAK IF THE CSE IS PUNCTURED. YOU KN, IF YOU WANTTO CHANGE THE BATTERYS THE WATCH, YOU CHANG THE BAND. IT OPENS UP NEW DESIGN POIBILITY, IMPREGNATING FABRICS, DRAPEREES WITH PHOTO DETECTORS AND THENAVING A FLEXIBLE BATTERY SO THATHE DRES ACTUALLY HARVEST LHT AN THEN GIVE BACK ELECTRICITY WHEN IT'S DARK. U CAN'T DO THAT YOU'VE GOT BATTERIES THAT HAVE THE FO FACTOR OF THE REGULAR RIGHT CIRCULAR CYLINDER THAT WILL BREAK YO T IF YOU DROPHE THING.

>> Reporr: A SHORT EVATOR DE UP AND A WALK WN THE HALL FM HIS LAB,ANOTHER M.I.T. GROUP I ALSO EXPERIMENTING WI WAYS TO MAKE SOLAR POW MORE VIABLE.

>> BECAUSEHEN E VOLTAGE WOULD SHIFT,IGHT? Reporter:ROFESSOR DANIEL AND HIS RESEARCH ASSISTANTS ARE TAKING A DIFRENT APPRCH. THIS SMLL LAB EXPERIME IS SPLITTING WATER INTOTS TWO COMPONENT PARTS: HYDROGEN A OXYGEN. THERE'S NOTHING NEABOUT THAT. 'S CALL ECTROLYSIS. MOST OF US LEARNED HOW DO IT IN HIGH SCHOOLHEMISTRY ASS. JUST LIKE A BATTERY, ELECTROLYSIS USE AN ANODE AND A CHODE IMMERSED IN WATER. YOU GERATE HROGEN D OXYGENAS BUT IT TAKES A LOT OF ELECTRICITY TO MAKE THAT HAPPEN. HE HAS CE UP WITH A WA TO REDUCE THEMOUNT NEEDED BY USING A CALYST IN THE WATER. COBALT PHOSPHATE. IT REDUCESTHE ENERGY REQUIREMENT BYEARLY HALF. >>OU COULD HAVEOUR PHOTO VOL TAIC A THEN SUNLIG HITS YOUR PHOTOOL TA I CAN AND RUNS YOUR HOUSE. I KE A LITTLE BIT OF THAT CURRENT FROM PHOTOVOLTAIC AND FEED IT THIS CATALYST. IT WIL SPLIT YGEN HYDROGEN. YO COULD STORE THAT IN SO TAS LIKE A PROPANE TANK. THEN AT NIGHT T SUN GS DOWN BUT YOU HAVEOMETHING EXTRA ON HAND.

>> Reporter: HE SA THE STORED HDROGEN COULD BE BUED IN A FUEL CELL. A LARGE FUEL CELL COULDOWER E HOUSE. A SMLER ONE COULD BE USED TO RUN A CAR. OPONENTS CALL THE LARGE-SCALE PRODUCTION AND U OFHYDROGEN AS A FUEL THE HYDROGE ECOMY.

>> I TNK THIS IS A MAJOR ST TOWARDS THE HIDE HYDROGEN ECONOMY, THIS TYPE OF EXPEMENT. NOW Y DO I SAY THAT? BECAUSE WH YOU'RE USING AS YOUR SOURCE HYDREN IS WAR. AND TH WHEN YOU MAKE THE HYDROGEN AND OXYGEN IT RECOMBINES A YOU GET WATER BACK AGAIN SO IT'S CLOSED SYSTEM.

>> Reporr: IT WOULD ALSO SOLVE THE MAIN POBLEM FACING THE HYDROGENCONOMY: STORAG AND TRANSPORTAON.

>> THIS TYPEF EXPERIMENT IN ADVANCE TAKES TH PROBLEM AWAY BECAUSE THE HYDROGEN IS BEING MADE LOCALLY. YOU DON'T NEED TO PUT IT... GO A GAS STATION, A HYDROGE GAS STATION. YOU DON'T NEED A PIPELINE OF DROGEN. YOU MAKE IT LOCALLY, FI YOUR OWN CAR, TE CARE OF YO OWN USE. SO I THINK THIS PE OF EXPERIMENT, THISYPE OF DISCERY AND THIS IDEA OF THIS PERSONALIZED ENER REALLY IS THE ENABLER FOR THE HYDROGEN ECONOMY

>> Reporter: BUT THOET MEN ARE ICK TO SAY A LOT MORE WORK NEEDS TO BE DONE TO VERIFY WHETHER ANY OF TSE APPROACHES ARE COMMEIALLY VIABLE.

>> Lrer: NOW, LOOKING FOR A STRATEGY IN AFGHANISTAN. SECRETARY OF STATE CLINTON OUTLINED SOME POSSIB CHOICES D OBJECTIVES YESTERDAY IN AN INTERVIEW WITHARGAT WARNER.

>> Warr: ARE YOU ACTUALLY REASSESSING WHETHER KOURPT INRGENCY IS THE WAY TO GO HERE?

>> I THINK WHAT WE HRD THE PRESIDENSAYING YESTERDAY IS, LOOK, YORE GOING TO HAVEO CONVINCE ME THAT WHATEVER DECISION IS IT CLASSIC COUNTERINSURGENCWITH ADDITIONAL TOPS? IS IT COUNTERINSURGEY AT THE SAME TROOP LEVEL? IST A DIFFERENT MIXOF TROOPS? IS IT A COUNTERTERRORISM STRATE? Warner: FEWER TROOPS?

>> WHO KNS? WH WE'RE LOOKING AT THOUGH ARE THE ALS THAT WE HAVE. OUGOAL IS TO PRECT THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, OU ALLIES, OU FRIENDS AROUND THE WORLD FROM WHAT I THE EPICENTER OFERRORISM. NALY THE AFGNISTAN/PAKISTAN BORDER.

>> Lehrer: AND PRESIDENT OBA LAST NIGHT ADDREED THE CHOICES HE SPOKEN THE CBS "LATE SHOW WITHAVID LETTERMAN".

>> WHAT I'M YING TO DO AT TH POINT IS TO MAKE SURE THAT BOTH ON THE MILITARY FRONT, ON TH DPLOMATIC FRONT, ON THE CIVILIAN FRON, TRNING AFGHAN MILITARYND POLICEHAT ON ALL THESE EMENTS TH WE'VE GOT A COHERENT STRATEGY THAT CAN WORK.

>> Lehrer: GWEN IFILL KES THE STORY FROM THERE.

>> Ifill: BOTH PRESIDENT OBA AND SECRETARY CLINTON MADE CAR THEY ARE RETNKING STRATEGY IN AFGHANISTAN. BUWHAT ARE THE ALTERNATIVES? FOR THAT, WE GET TWO VIE: ZALMAY KHALILZADAS GEORGE W. BUSH'S AASSADOR TO AFGHANTAN; AND MARC SAGEMANS A TERRORISM CONSULTANT A FORMER CIA CASE OFCER. HE'S WRITTEN EXTENSIVE ABOUT AL-QDA. WELCOMTO YOU BOTH. WHOU HEAR PRESIDENT AMA AND SECRETARY CLINTON TALK ABOUT COUNTERRRORISM VERSUS COUNTENSURGENCY, FIRST OF ALL, EXPIN WHAT THAT MEANS.

>> COUNTERSURGENCY MEANS TH THE PROBLEM OF AFGHANISTAN IS DEFINE AS INSURGE ENSY GOING ON THAT'S A COMBINATN OF TALAN, SOME OF THE OTHER NETWORKS AND THE AL QDA GROUP ARE WORKING TOGETHER TO TAKE OVE AFANISTAN AGAIN. FIRST TO GET THEIR COITION TO LOSE ITS WELL. WILL IN AFANISTAN THEN TO OVERTHROW THE GORNMENT. FROM THE TO ONCE AGAIN MAKE AFGHANISTAN A SFE HAVEN FOR TERRORISM MORE GLOBALLY. COUNTERIURGENCY STRATEGY WILL FOC ON ALL OF TS. THE THREAT PULLS TOGETHER. THE WAY CARRY OUTHAT STRATEGY, TH MOST EFFECTIVE TO CARRY OUT THA STRATE IS TO PROTECT THE POPULATN, PREVENT A NCTUARY FOR THE INSURGENTS BECAUSE THERE IS A SANCTUARY IN PAKISN FOR THESE GROUPS. AND TO BUILD GOVERNMENT INSTITUTIONS, CIVIL SOCIY, ECOMIES, TO WIN OVER THE PEOPLE AND ISOLATE THE INSURGENTS AND THE MITARY MEANS APPLIED WOULD AGAINST THE INSURGENTS. BUT PRINCIPAL BY PROTECTING THE POPULATION.

>> Ifill: TO WHICH GENERAL McCHRYSTAL HAS SGESTED WOULD REQUIRE A LOT MORE TROOPS. THIS IS THE APPRCH THAT PRESIDENT OBAM SAID EIHT MONTHS AGO WAS THE U.S. RATEGY. IS IT TH CORRECT APPROACH OR ARE WE NOW HEADING IN DIFFERENT DIRECTN OR SHOULD WE BE? I THINK WE SHOULD GO IN A DIFFERENT DIRECTION. I THINK WE SHOULD GO INTO COUNTEERRORISM DIRECTION. THE DIFFERENCE IS COUNTERTERRORI IS MORE FOCUSED. DEED WE'VE BEEN DOING VERY WELLN THE WESTF OUR AL IS IS OTECTION OF THE UNITED STATES D THE WEST. WE HAVEN'T HAD ANY KASS... CASUALTY FROM TERRORISTS HERE IN THIS COUNTRY FOR THE LAST EIGHYEARS AND IN THE WESTN THE LAST FOUR YEARS. SOMETHING IS WORKING. WHAT'S WORKING IS A STRATEGY OF CONTAMENT. CONTAIENT AT OUR BORDERS COAINMENT AT AIRPORTS. GOOD POLICE WORK INSIDE EACH COUNTRY OF THE WEST. AND ALSO VERY GOOD INTEIGENCE SHARING.

>> Ifill: WHIC REQUIRE FEWER SUORT TROOPS?

>> WELL, IHINK THAT'S KIND IRRELEVANT. I THINK IT WOULD REQUIRE FEWER SUPPORT TRPS BECAUSE IN A SENSE THE ARE NOFGHANS IN AL QAEDA. QAEDA IS NOT INFGHANISTAN. IT IS IN PAKISTAN AS THE AMBASSADOR JUST POIND OUT D AS McCHRYST'S REPORT POINTS OUT I'M NOT REALLY SURE WHY WE SHOULD CHOOSE THE MOS LETHAL OPTION, THE MOST EXPENSIVE OPTION, AND THE LEASTIKELY TO SUCCEED OPTION. AMBASSADOR.

>> YES. I THINK IT'SERY IMPORTANT TO RECOGNIZE THAT O SUCCESSO FARÑ HAS A LOT TO DO WITH OUR ABILITY TO KEEP THE NETWORKS UNDER PRESRE, ALL OF THEM. IF WE WERE TO GO TO A COUNTERTERROR MO, FOCUS ONLY ON AL QAEDA, YOU RISK A REURN TO WHAT WE HAD BEFORE 11. WHAT WE DID THEN, ALTHOUGH WE HAVE MODIFIE SE OF TH OPERATION, IS TO AACK THE RRORISTS, TO ATTK AL QAED I BELIEVE TH THE BEST KOURPT TERROR STRATEGY NOW, GIVEN HOW THE GROU HAVE BECOME INTERTWINED IS IS COUNRINSURGENCY STRATEGY. GENERAL McCHRYSTALAS A COUNTERTRORIST. HE WAS T COMMANDER OF S. FORCES TO FHT AL QAED NOW HE'S GONE TO AFGHANTAN WITH A MSION TO CO UP WITH A STRAGY TO IMPLEMENT THE OBJECTIVES THAT WERE DEFINED BYRESIDENT OBAMA WHEN HE ME IN. HE BELIEVES TH WHAT IS QUIRED TO SUCCEED IN THE EFFORT A COUNTERINSURGENCY STRATEGY I THINKWE WOULD IREASE THE RISK SIGNICANTLY IF WE WOULD ON FOCUS ON AL QAEDA AND LEAVTHE REST ON THEIR OWN. I THINKPROBLEM IN AFGHANTAN AND THE PROBLEM WITH TRORISM WOUL INCREASE.

>> Ifill: DOES IT SOUND TO YOU LISTENINTO SECRETARY CLINTON AND PRESIDENOBAMA OVER THE LAST SEVERAL DAYS THT THEY E MOVING AWAY OM THE SUGGESTION HE'S MADE MOVING AWAY FROM THE ASSERTIO THE PRESIDENT MADE NOT LONG A AGO THAT THIIS A WAR OF NECESSY? >>ERHAPS. I HOPE SO. BUT THE GROS THAT THREATEN THE ITED STATES ARE NOT IN AFGHANISTAN. THEY'RE IN PAKISTAN. AL QAEDA TO WRE TALIBAN. AMING OTHERROUPS) THEY'RE ALL IN PAKISTAN. WHY ARE WE FGHTING IN AFGHISTAN?

>> Ifill:WELL? ANSWER THAT ESTION. BECAUSE WE ARE THERE IN AFGHISTAN THAT TY HAVE BEEN PUSHED SOME O TSE GROUPS TO PAKISTAN WERE WE TO NARROW THE FOCUS, LEAVE AFGHANISTAN, THERE'S NO QUESTION THAT THEY WOULD POUR ACROSS THE BOERS THERE. SOME OF AL QAEDA IS IN AFGHANISN. NO QUESTN ABOUT THAT AS WELL. MORE WILL COME. AND BESIDES IT WILL BE A DEVASTATING BLOW TO OU CREDIBILIT FOR US TO... I THINK THE PRESIDENT IS RHT. HE OUGHT TO TAKE HIS TIME, LOOK AT THE OPONS. I THINK THIIS A DIFFICULT SITUATION. WHATEVER HE DECIS TO DO, TAKE HIS LEADSHIP TO BRING THE COUNTRY TOGETH. BUT IT I MY JUDGMENT THAT HOWEVER WE NE TO FOR THE SAKE OF THE FOES WE HAVE THERE TO SEND THEAPABILITIES QUICKLY THAT CAN MANAGE THE RISKS TH WE ARE FACING SO THEY DON'T FACE THE RSKS THEY WOULD OTHEISE FACE. >>fill: IS TIME OF THE OPTION AND IS FIGING THIS WAR IN PAKISTANVEN AN OPTION POLITICALLY?

>> WELL, WE ARE FIGHTING THE WAR IN PAKISTAN. WE PUT TRESSURE ON AL QAEDA NOT JUST ALQAEDA BUT THE LIBAN. AND THE ALSO TRAINING THE PAKISTANI ARMY TO ENGA IN COUNTERTRORISM AND COTERINSURGENCY. BUI WANT TOOINT OUT THAT GHANS DON'T TRAVEL. WE DON'T REAY SEE TOO MAN AFGHANS IN THE WT DOING TERRORISTS OPERATION. I'M NOT REALLY SURE WHAT THIS ARREST LST MONDAYAS ABOUT. IT MAY OR MAY NOT A REAL PLUS. USUALLY WEON'T HAVE AFGHANS TO DO THAT. WE HAVE PAKISTIS. WE HAVE FOREIGNERS. WE ESPECIALLARE... WE ESPECIALLY HAVE PEOPLE WHO WERE RADALIZED IN THE WEST WHO TRAVEL TO PAKISN. NOT AFGHANISTAN.

>> Ifill: HOW LONG DOESTHE PRESIDENT HAVE TO MAKE A DESION IN YOUR OPINION?

>> I TNK EVALUATING E CISION IS REALLY A HEALTHY MOVE BECAUSE AS THE AMBASSADOR SAID A L OF IT ISABOUT OUR CREDIBILITY. LET'S FACE IT. I'NOT SURE THATHE AMERICAN PUBLIC....

>> Ill: ONE MONTH, TWO MONT, A YEAR? >>ELL, IF HE'S GOING INCREASE THE TOPS, NO, I THINHE HAS FAR MORE TE TH HE THINKS.

>> I THINK HE HATIME, NOT A YEAR BUT IN MONTHS. BUT I BELIEVE TH T QUESTION... ON TIM THERE IS OBVIOUSLY PRESSURE FROM THE PLIC DECREASED SUPPORT FOR THWAR EFFORT. THAT IS NOT AN INDEPENDENT VARIABLE. THAT IS BECAUSE PEOPLE ARE LOSING CONFIDENCE THAT THE CURRENSTRATEGY PRODUCING RESULTS. SHOULD HE EMBRACE THAT STRATEGY SUCH AS WHAT GENERAL McCHSTAL HAS PROPOSED AND THE SITUATION IMPROVE, I THINK HE WILL HAVE THE PEOPLE WITH HIM.

>> Ifill: THANK YOU BH VERY MUCH.

>> THANKOU. THANK YOU VERY MUCH.

>> Lehre YOU CAN LISTEN TO A REPORTER'S PODCAST ABOUTHE TALIBAN'S MILITARY STRATEGY OUR WEB SITE, newsur.pbs.org.

>> Lehrer:INALLY, ANOTHER IN OUR ON-GOING SERIES ON POETSND POETRY. TONIGHT, HEATHER McHUGH. SHE WAS JUSTODAY AWARDED A MACARTHUR FELLOWSHIP, POPULAY KNOWN AS THE "GENI AWARD." HUGH IS AUTHOR OF MORE THAN ZEN BOOKS OF POETRY, TRANSLATION D ESSAYS. HER NEWEST COLCTION, "UPGRADED TO SERIOUS WILL BE PUBLISHED IN NOVEMBER.

>> MY ME IS HEATHER McHUGH. I LIVE IN SEATTLE AND TAKE BREAKS IN GLORUS VICTORIA, C.. I HAVE ALWAYS LIVED ON WATERFNTS. IF YOU LIVE THE EDGE OF AN ENORMOUS MOUNTAIN OR AN ORMOUS BODY OWATER, IT'S HARDER TO THINK OF YOURSELF AS BEI SELF- IMPORTANT. THAT SEEMS UFUL TO ME, SPIRITUALLY. MY FATHER WAS A MARINE BIOLOGT. THERE'S SOMETHING OF THAT NE IN ME, PROBABLY, TSTUDY THE CREATURES THAT MOVE FLUENT, FLUID WA. HO NEEDS IT" "IF LANGUAGE COULD BE TRUSTETO BE TRUE, THHARDEST WOULD BE LOUDEST, SOFT WERE SOFT. BUT INK AGAIN: THE JOKE'S ON YOU. AGAINST A GRANE FACE THE SEA HAS KNOCKED FOR YES WITHOUT MUCH FUSS OR BROUHA-- JUST HERE AND THERE LITTLE CRACKI SOUND, A SUCK IN A POCKET CRANNY. BUT GIVE IT A AD OF BEACH- FLESH-- AND YOU'LL NEVER HR THE END OF IT: THE PUMPS INULL PALAVER WITH THVALVERS, EVERY SOUNRESOUNDING, POUND FOR POUN YOU'D THINK AP-HAPPY WAVES MIGHT SH AT SUCH SOFT-SDED TOUCHES. ON T CONTRARY, THERE IS A CARDIAC CLAMOR, A SUMPTUSNESS, A ROING INTO SPACE. E OCEAN'S NOISIEST AROUND THEIVING PLACE. BUT WHAT'S THE MESSAGE OF R MASSING, PAST THESE MINUSCULEOF PARTS. IS IT A SO OF MANYNESS, OR TININESS? THIS SUBURB-REVERB SPIING OUT, GREGARIOUS, EGREGIOUS, FROM E GLOBE-- DOES IT GO ON FOR LIT-YEARS, AND CONVULSE THE QUIETUDES OFEAVEN? KE SOME STAR-SHELLS? IR SOME DULSE? MY GUESS IS S, SINCE ENDLESSNES NEEDS USO TAKE ITS PULSE." IFOU LOOK AROUND, YOU NOTICE THE WATEIS NEVER THE SAME ANY TWO MOMENTS, MUCH LESSNY TWO DAYS. ANY SKCAPE IS NEVER THE SAME. YOU CAN'T POSSIBLY SEET ALL. FOR ME, THE WHOLE POINT OF POETRY IS TO LIBERATTHE LARGER SENSE. THE GREAT PARADOX OF POETRY E SMALLEST UNIT OF LANGUAGE YOU CAMAKE THAT RELEASES THE GREATESTUMBER OF READINGS. THAT'S WHAT IT'SOR, IF YOU ASK ME ASOON AS ANY POWERFUL LINGUIIC CATEGORY OCCURS IN ME OR ATTRACTSE, ITS OPPOSITE SO GETS ME. LIFE IS ONLY DEFINED BITS RELATION TO DEAT INEVITABLYYOU EXPLORE IT. IT'S THEAY I LOVE LIFE. TO MAKE SURE I ON SOME KIND OF VILIZED TERMS WITH DEATH. "THE GIFT." "FROM UNDERWATER YOU CAN'T S THING ABOVE: A SUN, OR A CLOUD, OR A MAN IN A BOAT. YOU SETHE BOTTOM OF THE BOAT. AND EVERYWHERE BELOW I- FLKS OF GLITTER, BRILLIANTLY COMMUNICATING SCHOOL YOSEE THE CALM TRANSLUCENCIES IN GROV, A SWAY OF PEACEL FLAGS. ABE IS SILVER IMPASSIVITY -- REFLECTIVE LI SO WHY LOOK OUT? NO 'OUT' EXISTS. BUT WE HAVLIVED ABOVE IT ALL INSTEAD, OUR FEETN THE GROUND, OUR HEADS IN THELOUDS, WHERE THERE'S NO CEING SEALING US FROM HEAVEN. AS ME, LET'S SAY, OR HERS. AND SO IT S AROUND THE FTY-SEVENTH MONTH HER LIFE'S UNDERLIFE (A MINDLESS BLIND METASTASIS OF CELL WE SENT EACHTHER MESSAGES BY EMAIL, SUDN, SIMULTANEOUS, BECAUSE OF DREAMS. IN HERS, THE ANCTORS WERE WAITING, JUSTCROSS A LAKE, BUT SHE FOUND NO EQUIPMENTN HER CIRCUMSTANCES OF COE. THPADDLE ON THE WATER DRIFTED FAR AND FARTHER OFF. SHSAW IT 'TOUCH MY BOAT SHE SAID. SHE SAW ME SHOVE IT CK, ACROSS THE SURFACE, SAFELY TO R HAND, SO SHE COULD GET WHERE SHE'D FOUND. DEAR GOD, GIVE ME A FAH LIKE THAT. IN MY DREAM, WE BO DROWNED."

>> Lehrer: YOU CAN WCH HEATHER McHU READ MORE OF HER WORK ON OUWEB SITE, newshour.pbs.org. ALSO THERE, U'LL FIND PAST NEHOUR REPORTS ON TWO MORE OF THIS YEAR'S CARTHUR WINNERS: A NVERSATION WITH NOVELIST EDWIDGE DANTICAT, D THE STORY OF JOURNALIST JERRY MITCHE AND HIS PORTING OF CIVIL RIGHTS ERA MURDERS. AGAIN, THE MOR DEVELOPMENTS THE DAY: CHINA VED TO TAKE A LEAD ROLE IN COMBATING CLIMATE CHANG WITH A NEW PLAN TO C GREENHOU GAS EMISSIONS; POLICE ANDROTESTERS CLASHED IN HONDURAS A DAY AFTER T OUSTED PRESIDENT RETUED FROM EXILE; AND FLD WATERS KEPT RISING IN THE U.S. SOUEAST, AS THE DEATH COUNT REACHED NINE. WE'LL SEE YOU ONLINE, AND AGAIN RE TOMORROW EVENG. I'M JIM HRER. THANK YOU D GOOD NIGHT. MAJOR FUNDG FOR THE NEWSHOUR WITH JIM LEHRER IS PROVIDED :

>> CHEVRON. THIS IS THE POR OF HUMAN ENERGY INTEL. SUORTING MATH AND SCIENCE EDUCATION FOR TOMORROW'S INNOVATORS. BNSF, THE ENNE THAT CONNECTS .

>> AND BY WELLS FARGADVISORS. TOGETH, WE'LL GO FAR. THE WIIAM AND FLORA HEETT FOUNDATION, RKING TO SOLVE SOAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLE AT HOME AND AROUND THE WORLD. AND WI THE ONGOING SUPPORT OF THESE INSTITUTIONS AND FOUNDATIONS. AND. THISROGRAM WAS MADE POSSIBLE BYHE CORPORATION FOR PUBLIC BROADCASTING. AND BY CONTRIBUTNS TO YOUR PBS STATION FROM VIEWERS LIKE U. THANYOU. Captioninsponsored by MacNEIL/LEHREPRODUCTIONS Caption by Media Access oup at WGBH acceswgbh.org