thumbnail of PBS NewsHour; September 20, 2017 3:00pm-4:01pm PDT
Transcript
Hide -
Captioning sponsored by NEWSHOUR PRODUCTIONS, LLC
>> Woodruff: GOOD EVENING, I'M JUDY WOODRUFF. ON THE NEWSHOUR TONIGHT, DISASTER STRIKES TWICE-- AMID RUBBLE AND RUIN, THE DEATH TOLL CLIMBS IN MEXICO AFTER A DEVASTATING EARTHQUAKE FLATTENS SCORES OF BUILDINGS, INCLUDING A SCHOOL. THEN, HURRICANE MARIA PUMMELS PUERTO RICO WITH POWERFUL WINDS AFTER LEAVING DEADLY DESTRUCTION IN DOMINICA. PLUS, REPUBLICANS' NEW AND URGENT PUSH ON HEALTH CARE-- WE BREAK DOWN THE DETAILS OF THE LATEST CONTROVERSIAL ATTEMPT TO REPEAL THE AFFORDABLE CARE ACT. AND, I SIT DOWN WITH FORMER NEW YORK CITY MAYOR MICHAEL BLOOMBERG TO TALK PRESIDENT TRUMP'S U.N. SPEECH AND WHY HE BELIEVES IMMIGRATION REFORM IS AN IMPORTANT ECONOMIC ISSUE.
>> SOME OF THE PRESIDENT'S SUPPORTERS HAVE PROBABLY MISINFORMED HIM ABOUT THE IMPACT OF IMMIGRANTS. EVERY STUDY SHOWS THAT IMMIGRANTS CREATE MUCH MORE JOBS THAN THEY TAKE AWAY.
>> Woodruff: ALL THAT AND MORE ON TONIGHT'S PBS NEWSHOUR
>> MAJOR FUNDING FOR THE PBS NEWSHOUR HAS BEEN PROVIDED BY: ♪ ♪ MOVING OUR ECONOMY FOR 160 YEARS. BNSF, THE ENGINE THAT CONNECTS US.
>> SUPPORTING SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURS AND THEIR SOLUTIONS TO THE WORLD'S MOST PRESSING PROBLEMS-- skollfoundation.org.
>> THE LEMELSON FOUNDATION. COMMITTED TO IMPROVING LIVES THROUGH INVENTION. IN THE U.S. AND DEVELOPING COUNTRIES. ON THE WEB AT lemelson.org.
>> SUPPORTED BY THE JOHN D. AND CATHERINE T. MacARTHUR FOUNDATION. COMMITTED TO BUILDING A MORE JUST, VERDANT AND PEACEFUL WORLD. MORE INFORMATION AT macfound.org
>> AND WITH THE ONGOING SUPPORT OF THESE INSTITUTIONS:
>> THIS PROGRAM WAS MADE POSSIBLE BY THE CORPORATION FOR PUBLIC BROADCASTING. AND BY CONTRIBUTIONS TO YOUR PBS STATION FROM VIEWERS LIKE YOU. THANK YOU.
>> Woodruff: FROM MEXICO TO THE CARIBBEAN, NATURAL DISASTERS DOMINATED THIS DAY. FIRST, THE EARTHQUAKE THAT ROCKED CENTRAL MEXICO ON TUESDAY. THE DEATH TOLL ROSE TO 225 TODAY, AND THE NATION'S PRESIDENT WARNED, "EVERY MINUTE COUNTS TO SAVE LIVES." A DESPERATE SEARCH FOR LIFE TODAY IN MEXICO CITY-- POLICE, FIREFIGHTERS AND VOLUNTEERS DIGGING INTO A COLLAPSED SCHOOL. SOMETIMES, THEY FOUND SURVIVORS, SOMETIMES NOT, BUT THE SEARCH WENT ON.
>> ( translated ): PEOPLE ARE HELPING. WE ARE ALL GATHERING AT THE COLLECTION CENTER AND MANAGING AS WE CAN. PEOPLE ARE SHOWING A LOT OF SOLIDARITY.
>> Woodruff: THE QUAKE HIT TUESDAY AFTERNOON NEAR THE PUEBLA STATE TOWN OF RABOSO, 76 MILES SOUTHEAST OF MEXICO CITY. THE VIOLENCE OF THE SHAKING WAS EVIDENT: BUILDINGS SWAYED AND CONVULSED, AND AT LEAST 44 COLLAPSED, LOST IN PLUMES OF SMOKE. PLEASURE BOATS WERE TOSSED LIKE TOYS IN A BATHTUB. TERRIFIED PEOPLE STREAMED FROM HOMES AND OFFICES.
>> ( translated ): HORRIBLE, HORRIBLE, FRIGHTENINGLY HORRIBLE. FRIGHTENINGLY HORRIBLE.
>> Woodruff: A WING OF A SCHOOL PANCAKED INTO CONCRETE SLABS. RESCUERS DUG FRANTICALLY, SOME WITH BARE HANDS. AT TIMES, RAISED ARMS SIGNALED THE CROWD FOR SILENCE AS THEY LISTENED FOR SOUNDS OF LIFE. THE SEARCH WENT ON THROUGH THE NIGHT, UNDER THE GLARE OF FLOODLIGHTS AND THE WATCHFUL EYE OF ANXIOUS PARENTS.
>> ( translated ): MY KIDS GO TO SCHOOL IN THE NEXT STREET, AND WHEN I SAW THE SCHOOL, I PANICKED, AND I RAN AND I RAN FOR MY CHILDREN AND WELL, I SPENT ALL AFTERNOON HERE WATCHING HOW THEY RESCUE PEOPLE.
>> Woodruff: CREWS BROUGHT IN WOODEN BEAMS TO SHORE UP THE SCHOOL BUILDING. AND, ULTIMATELY, THEY SPOTTED ONE SURVIVOR, BUT PULLED 25 BODIES FROM THE RUBBLE, ALL BUT FOUR OF THEM, CHILDREN. THE SAME SCENES WERE REPEATED OVER AND OVER ACROSS THE REGION: HUNDREDS OF PEOPLE HUNTING FOR THE LIVING AND DEAD, AND SURVIVORS TELLING OF NARROW ESCAPES. >>( translated ): IT WAS A VERY HARD HIT THAT WENT DOWN AND THEN I WENT TO FIND MY CHILD AND I COULDN'T SO I STARTED TO I WAS TRAPPED ON THE THIRD FLOOR AND MY FRIEND, OVER THERE, WAS ON THE FOURTH FLOOR AND WE TRIED TO GET OUT AND THE PEOPLE IN THE HOUSE NEXT DOOR HELPED ME GET OUT WITH A LADDER. BUT I AM JUST GRATEFUL TO GOD THAT WE ARE HERE FOR SOMETHING.
>> Woodruff: IN MORELOS STATE, WHERE 60% OF RESIDENTS LOST POWER, THEY BEGAN BURYING THEIR DEAD AND SURVEYING THE DAMAGE TODAY.
>> ( translated ): THE GOOD THING IS THAT IT MY WIFE AND MY GRANDSON WERE THE ONLY ONES THERE. SHE'S INJURED A LITTLE BUT SHE'S THERE ALIVE, THANKS TO GOD.
>> Woodruff: THE QUAKE HIT LESS THAN TWO WEEKS AFTER EVEN STRONGER TREMOR STRUCK SOUTHERN MEXICO, AND KILLED NEARLY 100 PEOPLE. IT ALSO CAME ON THE 32nd ANNIVERSARY OF THE 1985 EARTHQUAKE IN MEXICO CITY THAT KILLED THOUSANDS. THERE HAD EVEN BEEN EARTHQUAKE DRILLS YESTERDAY MORNING. IN A NATIONAL ADDRESS LAST NIGHT, MEXICAN PRESIDENT PENA NIETO SPOKE OF HIS COUNTRY'S RESILIENCE IN THE FACE OF REPEATED DISASTERS.
>> ( translated ): THIS EARTHQUAKE IS A HARD TEST AND A PAINFUL ONE FOR OUR COUNTRY. MEXICANS HAVE HAD VERY DIFFICULT EXPERIENCES WITH EARTHQUAKES IN THE PAST AND WE HAVE LEARNT HOW TO RESPOND TO THESE INCIDENTS WITH A SPIRIT OF SOLIDARITY.
>> Woodruff: FROM NEW YORK TODAY, PRESIDENT TRUMP SPOKE TO PENA NIETO AT LENGTH. AND AT THE VATICAN, POPE FRANCIS LED THOUSANDS OF PEOPLE IN PRAYER FOR THE EARTHQUAKE VICTIMS. WE GET AN ASSESSMENT OF THE DESTRUCTION ON THE GROUND FROM: GUS, TELL US WHERE YOU ARE AND WHAT YOU HAVE BEEN SEEING TODAY.
>> HI, JUDY. I AM IN THE NORTH DISTRICT OF MEXICO CITY, A RESIDENTIAL COMMERCIAL AREA, AND RIGHT BEHIND ME, AS YOU CAN PROBABLY SEE, IS AN APARTMENT BUILDING THAT CAME CRUMBLING DOWN. THIS OBVIOUSLY HAPPENED YESTERDAY IN THE AFTERNOON, AND AT LEAST 20 BODIES HAVE BEEN PULLED OUT OF THE RUBBLE, JUDY. A VERY SAD MOMENT FOR MEXICO AND FOR THIS COMMUNITY. THE GOOD NEWS IS, APPARENTLY, THEY ARE HEARING SOME NOISES THAT THE EXPERTS BELIEVE ARE PEOPLE WHO MAY STILL BE ALIVE INSIDE THOSE RUBBLES. SO THEY ARE NOT LOSING HOPE THAT THEY WILL FIND MORE SURVIVORS.
>> Woodruff: GUS VAL CARCEL REPORTING FOR US FROM MEXICO CITY, THANK YOU. NEXT, HURRICANE "MARIA." IT BLASTED PUERTO RICO TODAY WITH SUSTAINED WINDS OF 155 MILES AN HOUR. THAT LEFT MORE THAN THREE MILLION PEOPLE TO RIDE OUT THE ISLAND'S STRONGEST STORM SINCE 1932. P.J. TOBIA BEGINS OUR COVERAGE.
>> Reporter: THE PEOPLE OF PUERTO RICO SPENT A LONG DAY, TRAPPED IN THEIR HOMES, SNATCHING CELL-PHONE GLIMPSES OF "MARIA" CARVING A SLOW, DESTRUCTIVE PATH. THE HURRICANE MADE LANDFALL ABOUT DAWN, AND QUICKLY SET ABOUT RIPPING RIPPED ROOFS OFF BUILDINGS, TEARING FENCES FROM THE GROUND, AND UNLEASHED DEADLY STORM SURGES AND 20 INCHES OF RAIN AS IT MADE ITS WAY SWEPT ACROSS THE ISLAND AND PAST SAN JUAN. RAUL PICHARDO RECORDED IMAGES OF A HOME WRECKED IN HIS SAN JUAN NEIGHBORHOOD.
>> ( translated ): THAT WHOLE BUILDING OVER THERE IS CMPLETELY DESTROYED. A HOME'S SATELLITE DISH JUST FELL RIGHT HERE.
>> Reporter: THE STORM KNOCKED OUT 21 OF THE ISLAND'S 22 WEATHER STATIONS, AND LEFT NEARLY ALL AN ESTIMATED 80 TO 90% OF ITS PEOPLE WITHOUT POWER. OFFICIALS IMPOSED AN OVERNIGHT CURFEW. LOCAL REPORTS SAID SEVERAL COASTAL VILLAGES WERE LARGELY WRECKED. THE MAYOR OF FAJARDO, TOLD ONE OUTLET: "I'VE NEVER SEEN MY CITY SO DESTROYED." "MARIA'S" POWER WAS INTENSIFIED BY EXTREMELY LOW PRESSURE, LOWER EVEN THAN HURRICANE "IRMA'S" TWO WEEKS AGO. THAT, COUPLED WITH THE STORM'S SMALLER, MORE CONCENTRATED CENTER, ADDED TO THE DESTRUCTION. A DAY EARLIER, IT HAD BLASTED THE TINY ISLANDS OF DOMINICA AND GUADELOUPE, PLUS ST. CROIX IN THE U.S. VIRGIN ISLANDS. SCATTERED REPORTS TODAY TOLD OF MAJOR DAMAGE AND LITTLE OR NO COMMUNICATIONS. PUERTO RICO HAD ALREADY SUFFERED AN ESTIMATED $1 BILLION IN DAMAGE FROM "IRMA," AFTER A DECADE-LONG STRUGGLE TO RECOVER FROM RECESSION. NOW, HOUSING IN THE TERRITORY IS A GROWING CONCERN, WITH MORE THAN 11,000 PEOPLE IN SHELTERS. BUT IN A STATEMENT TODAY, GOVERNOR RICARDO ROSSELLO INSISTED: "WE ARE STRONGER THAN ANY HURRICANE. TOGETHER WE WILL REBUILD." MEANWHILE, THE STORM IS ROLLING ON. IT'S EXPECTED TO SKIRT THE DOMINCAN REPUBLIC BY TOMORROW, CONTINUING NORTHEAST AND PASSING NEAR TURKS AND CAICOS THURSDAY NIGHT AND THE BAHAMAS BY SATURDAY MORNING. IT MAY ALSO REGAIN SOME OF THE POWER IT LOST CROSSING PUERTO RICO. FEARING THE WORST, OFFICIALS ON IN THE DOMINICAN REPUBLIC SCRAMBLED TODAY TO GET READY AS RAIN BEGAN TO FALL. FOR THE PBS NEWSHOUR, I'M P.J. TOBIA IN WASHINGTON.
>> Woodruff: AS OF THIS EVENING, THE HURRICANE'S SUSTAINED WINDS DROPPED TO 110 MILES AN HOUR. WE KEEP OUR FOCUS ON PUERTO RICO NOW AND ARE JOINED BY CARLOS MERCADER, SPOKESMAN FOR PUERTO RICO'S GOVERNOR.
>> MR. MERCADER, WE'RE SEEING REPORTS POWER IS OUT ACROSS THE ENTIRE EXTENT OF THE ISLAND OF PUERTO RICO. IS THAT RIGHT?
>> THAT'S RIGHT. THE GOVERNOR, DAYS BEFORE THE STORM, BASICALLY WARNED EVERYONE THAT THE INFRASTRUCTURE OF THE ELECTRIC SYSTEM WAS REALLY VULNERABLE TO WHAT WE WERE FACING. IN THE WAKE OF WHAT'S PROBABLY THE MOST DAMAGING HURRICANE WE'VE EVER SEEN IN OUR HISTORY, THAT WAS GOING TO BE ONE OF THE AREAS THAT WERE GOING TO FEEL THE DAMAGE MORE CLOSELY.
>> Woodruff: DO YOU HAVE ANY SORT OF ASSESSMENT YET OF HOW MUCH DAMAGE HAS BEEN DONE TO BUILDINGS, TO HOMES?
>> NO, WELL, TO BE HONEST, WE'RE STILL FACING SOME OF THE EFFECTS OF THE HURRICANE. RIGHT NOW, IN SAN JUAN, THERE IS STILL RAIN, THERE ARE STILL SOME WINDS, NECESSARILY. THERE ARE STILL SOME WINDS OF 40 TO 60 MILES PER HOUR, SO THEY'VE GOT TO WAIT UNTIL THE RAIN ENDS AND THE WINDS JUST GO DOWN SO THAT THEY CAN DEPLOY ALL OF THE BRIGADES THAT THEY HAVE. WE HAVE KIND OF LIKE A PASSWORDS CREATED WITH FEMA, DoD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY AND THE LOCAL STATE AGENCIES THAT BASICALLY ONCE THE STORM IS OUT THEY WILL DEPLOY TO THE WHOLE ISLAND TO ASSESS DAMAGES AND THEN WE WILL ABLE TO TALK ABOUT A NUMBER. I WOULD JUST LIKE TO SAY THIS, IN TERMS OF INFRASTRUCTURE, MATERIAL DAMAGE, IT'S TOTAL DEVASTATION.
>> Woodruff: I SHOULD HAVE ASKED YOU THIS FIRST, WHAT ABOUT CASUALTIES, LOSS OF LIFE, INJURIES?
>> I BELIEVE THAT'S ONE OF THE GOOD STORIES HERE SO FAR IS THAT, BECAUSE OF THE PREPARATION THAT THE GOVERNMENT ENSUED DURING THE DAYS BEFORE THE STORM, THE FEDERAL AUTHORITIES, ALL OF THE SECTORS, POLITICAL, PRIVATE SECTOR ALL JOINED THE GOVERNOR IN HIS WARNING THIS WAS GOING TO BE A DAMAGING STORM AND PEOPLE EITHER WOULD SEEK REFUGE IN ONE OF THE SHELTERS OR THEY WOULD FACE LIFE DANGER -- OR THEY WOULD ENDANGER THEIR LIFE. IN THAT SENSE, PEOPLE RESPONDED WELL. WE HAD ABOUT -- RIGHT NOW, WE STILL HAVE ABOUT 12,500 EVACUEES THAT ARE IN THE 500 SHELTERS WE HAVE THROUGHOUT THE ISLAND, AND WE ARE EXPECTING THE NUMBER MAY KEEP MORE OR LESS AROUND THAT SAME FIGURE BECAUSE YOU KNOW A LOT OF PEOPLE LOST THEIR HOMES. WE'RE TALKING ABOUT MAJOR DEVASTATION. WHEN WE SAY MAJOR DEVASTATION, THAT MEANS IN TERMS OF INFRASTRUCTURE, WE HAVE FULL COMMUNITIES THAT 80 OR 90% OF THE HOMES ARE A COMPLETE DISASTER. THEY ARE TOTALLY LOST. SO THOSE PEOPLE PROBABLY, ONCE THEY GO BACK AND SEE THAT THEY DON'T HAVE A HOME OR THE HOME IS INHABITABLE, THEY HAVE TO GO BACK TO THE SHELTER. SO WE HAVE THOSE SHELTERS. PEOPLE ARE IN FOR SOME LONG STAYS.
>> Woodruff: PUERTO RICO IS FACING THE NEED OF A LOT OF HELP IN THE WEEKS AN MONTHS TO COME, LOOKS LIKE.
>> I WOULD LIKE TO SAY ONE THING, THROUGHOUT IRMA AND MARIA, WE'VE HAD A BIG SUPPORT FROM THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES DONALD TRUMP, HIS AGENCIES, THE ADMINISTRATOR OF FEMA, THE ADVISOR TO THE PRESIDENT AND HOMELAND SECURITY, THE SECRETARY PRICE, ALL OF THEM HAVE BEEN IN CONSTANT COMMUNICATION WITH THE GOVERNOR. THEY CALL HIM ON A DAILY BASIS ALMOST AND NOT ONLY SHOW THEIR SUPPORT IN WORDS BUT IN ACTIONS. WE HAVE A BIG TEAM OF FEMA WORKING ON THE GROUND NOW IN PUERTO RICO. THEY EMPLOYED PEOPLE FROM D.H.S. WE HAVE HELICOPTERS IN PUERTO RICO READY TO START WORKING THE DIFFERENT CRISIS WE'LL WORK ONCE THE STORM GOES. WE HAVE A LOT OF HELP BUT WE NEED MORE. I WANT TO TALK ABOUT IRMA. WHILE IRMA DIDN'T HIT PUERTO RICO DIRECTLY, IRMA DID CAUSE A LOT OF DAMAGE IN THE NEIGHBORING ISLANDS, AND PUERTO RICO BECAME A SAFE HAVEN FOR A LOT OF CITIZENS THAT WERE STRANDED IN THOSE ISLANDS. PUERTO RICO HELPED EVEN THOUGH WE NEEDED HELP. NOW WE'RE CALLING ON CONGRESS AND ALL POLITICAL LEADERS TO SUPPORT YOUR FELLOW CITIZENS IN PUERTO RICO.
>> Woodruff: WE ARE CERTAINLY WISHING THE VERY BEST FOR ALL THE PEOPLE OF PUERTO RICO. CARLOS MERCADER, REPRESENTATIVE OF THE GOVERNOR OF PUERTO RICO, WE THANK YOU.
>> THANK YOU FOR THE OPPORTUNITY.
>> Woodruff: IN THE DAY'S OTHER NEWS, THE PRESIDENT OF IRAN CONDEMNED PRESIDENT TRUMP'S U.N. ADDRESS YESTERDAY AS "IGNORANT, ABSURD AND HATEFUL RHETORIC." MR. TRUMP HAD CHARGED IRAN IS, "AN ECONOMICALLY DEPLETED ROGUE STATE" THAT REPRESSES ITS PEOPLE AND EXPORTS VIOLENCE. HASSAN ROUHANI ANSWERED TODAY IN HIS SPEECH TO THE U.N. GENERAL ASSEMBLY, AND HE WARNED AGAINST ABROGATING THE NUCLEAR DEAL WITH IRAN.
>> ( translated ): THE ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF IRAN WILL NOT BE THE FIRST COUNTRY TO VIOLATE THIS AGREEMENT BUT IT WILL RESPOND DECISIVELY AND RESOLUTELY TO ITS VIOLATION.
>> Woodruff: MEANWHILE, PRESIDENT TRUMP SAID IN NEW YORK TODAY THAT HE 'S MADE A DECISION ON WHETHER TO WITHDRAW FROM THE NUCLEAR AGREEMENT. HE WOULD NOT SAY WHAT HE DECIDED, BUT HE TOLD REPORTERS: "I'LL LET YOU KNOW." ON NORTH KOREA, U.N. AMBASSADOR NIKKI HALEY IS DEFENDING THE PRESIDENT'S WARNING THAT THE NORTH WILL BE "TOTALLY DESTROYED" IF IT THREATENS THE U.S. HALEY SAID TODAY THAT MR. TRUMP IS NOT YET GIVING UP ON DIPLOMACY TO END NORTH KOREA'S NUCLEAR AND MISSILE PROGRAMS. MORE THAN 40 NATIONS TODAY SIGNED THE WORLD'S FIRST TREATY BANNING NUCLEAR WEAPONS. IT TAKES EFFECT ONCE 51 NATIONS RATIFY IT. THE SIGNING TOOK PLACE AT A CEREMONY ALONG THE SIDELINES OF THE ANNUAL U.N. GENERAL ASSEMBLY MEETING. MORE THAN 120 NATIONS HAD APPROVED THE PACT IN JULY. THE U.S. AND OTHER NUCLEAR POWERS HAVE REJECTED THE TREATY AND ARE NOT SUBJECT TO ITS TERMS. THE WHITE HOUSE IS DENYING PRESIDENT TRUMP APOLOGIZED TO TURKEY'S PRESIDENT OVER AN INCIDENT LAST MAY. RECEP TAYYIP ERDOGAN'S BODYGUARDS AND SUPPORTERS ATTACKED PROTESTERS DURING HIS VISIT IN MAY. IN HIS "NEWSHOUR" INTERVIEW THIS WEEK, ERDOGAN SAID MR. TRUMP HAD CALLED TO SAY HE'S SORRY ABOUT WHAT HAPPENED. THE WHITE HOUSE SAYS "THERE WAS NO APOLOGY." IN ECONOMIC NEWS, THE FEDERAL RESERVE ANNOUNCED IT'S READY TO BEGIN REDUCING ITS ENORMOUS BOND HOLDINGS. BUT FED CHAIR JANET YELLEN SAID IT WILL BE GRADUAL, TO TRY TO PREVENT A SURGE IN LONG-TERM INTEREST RATES. THE CENTRAL BANK BOUGHT UP BONDS DURING THE RECESSION TO STIMULATE THE ECONOMY. NOW, YELLEN SAYS GROWTH IS STEADIER, DESPITE SOME SHORT- TERM SETBACKS.
>> IN THE THIRD QUARTER HOWEVER ECONOMIC GROWTH WILL BE HELD DOWN BY THE SEVERE DISRUPTIONS CAUSED BY HARVY, IRMA AND MARIA. AS ACTIVITY RESUMES AND REBUILDING GETS UNDERWAY, GROWTH WILL LIKELY BOUNCE BACK.
>> Woodruff: THE FED ALSO SIGNALED IT EXPECTS TO RAISE SHORT-TERM INTEREST RATES ONCE MORE THIS YEAR, AND POSSIBLY THREE TIMES IN 2018. ON WALL STREET, THE DOW JONES INDUSTRIAL AVERAGE GAINED 41 POINTS TO CLOSE AT 22,412. THE NASDAQ FELL FIVE POINTS, AND THE S&P 500 ADDED A POINT. AND, TWO MILESTONES IN SPORTS TONIGHT: BOXER JAKE LAMOTTA, WHOSE LIFE INSPIRED THE MOVIE "RAGING BULL," HAS DIED. HIS CAREER SPANNED THE 1940'S AND EARLY '50'S, INCLUDING SIX FIGHTS AGAINST SUGAR RAY ROBINSON. AND, HE EVENTUALLY BECAME WORLD MIDDLEWEIGHT CHAMPION. JAKE LAMOTTA WAS 95 YEARS OLD. AND, MAJOR LEAGUE BASEBALL IS CELEBRATING A NEW RECORD: MOST COMBINED HOME RUNS IN A SINGLE SEASON. IT CAME LAST NIGHT WHEN KANSAS CITY'S ALEX GORDON HOMERED AGAINST TORONTO. THAT WAS NUMBER 5,694, BY ALL TEAMS, THIS SEASON. THE OLD WAS SET IN 2000 WHEN STEROID USE WAS AT AN ALL-TIME HIGH. STILL TO COME ON THE NEWSHOUR: REPUBLICANS' LATEST EFFORTS TO REVIVE AN OBAMACARE REPLACEMENT PLAN. THE SCIENCE BEHIND MEXICO'S DEADLY QUAKE. ONE ON ONE WITH FORMER NEW YORK CITY MAYOR MICHAEL BLOOMBERG, AND MUCH MORE.
>> Woodruff: A FEW WEEKS AGO, REPUBLICANS' LONG-FRAUGHT EFFORTS TO REPEAL AND REPLACE THE AFFORDABLE CARE ACT LOOKED ALL BUT DEAD ON CAPITOL HILL. BUT IN THE PAST FEW DAYS, A NEW PROPOSAL IS GAINING SUDDEN MOMENTUM IN THE SENATE, AS A CRITICAL DEADLINE LOOMS FOR THE GOP. JOHN YANG HAS MORE.
>> Yang: JUDY, THE NEW HEALTHCARE BILL IS SPONSORED BY FOUR REPUBLICAN SENATORS: LINDSAY GRAHAM, BILL CASSIDY, DEAN HELLER AND RON JOHNSON. IT WOULD BRING SWEEPING CHANGES TO THE CURRENT HEALTHCARE SYSTEM, INCLUDING ENDING THE INDIVIDUAL MANDATE THAT EVERYONE HAVE INSURANCE, OR PAY A PENALTY, ELIMINATING THE MEDICAID EXPANSION FOR STATES, AND INSTEAD GIVE STATES LUMP SUMS TO SPEND AS THEY CHOOSE. ELIMINATING FEDERAL TAX CREDITS TO HELP OFFSET HEALTHCARE COSTS, AND REMOVING PROTECTIONS SO THAT INSURERS CANNOT CHARGE MORE FOR PRE-EXISTING CONDITIONS. MAJORITY LEADER MITCH McCONNELL SAID HE INTENDS TO HAVE A VOTE NEXT WEEK, BEFORE SENATE LOSES ITS CHANCE TO PASS A HEALTHCARE BILL WITH JUST 50 VOTES, INSTEAD OF 60. ONE OF THE BILL'S ORIGINAL SPONSORS, LINDSEY GRAHAM OF SOUTH CAROLINA, DEFENDED THE PUSH:
>> YOU CAN HAVE DIFFERENT OPINIONS ABOUT THE QUALITY OF THIS BILL. AT THE END OF THE DAY, THIS IS THE ONLY PROCESS LEFT AVAILABLE TO STOP A MARCH TOWARDS SOCIALISM. WE HAVE BETWEEN NOW AND THE END OF THE MONTH TO HAVE A VOTE AND A DEBATE ABOUT WHETHER THIS IS BETTER THAN THE STATUS QUO. MY FRIENDS ON THE OTHER SIDE ARE NEVER DOING TO AGREE TO A BIPARTISAN PROPOSAL THAT DOES ANYTHING OTHER THAN PROP UP OBAMACARE.
>> Yang: TODAY FORMER PRESIDENT BARACK OBAMA, AT A BILL AND MELINDA GATES FOUNDATION EVENT IN NEW YORK CITY, RIPPED INTO IT:
>> WHEN I SEE PEOPLE TRYING TO UNDO THAT HARD-WON PROGRESS FOR THE 50th OR 60th TIME, IT IS AGGRAVATING. AND ALL OF THIS BEING DONE WITHOUT ANY DEMONSTRABLE ECONOMIC OR ACTUARIAL OR PLAIN COMMON SENSE RATIONALE, IT-- IT FRUSTRATES.
>> Yang: HERE TO HELP US UNDERSTAND THE POLICY, AND THE POLITICS BEHIND ALL THIS ARE: SARAH KLIFF, WHO COVERS HEALTH POLICY FOR VOX. AND OUR OWN LISA DESJARDINS. LISA, A LOT OF CHANGES NOT ONLY TO THE CURRENT SYSTEM BUT ALSO TO THE PREVIOUS REPEAL BILLS. ONE IS HOW THE FEDERAL MONEY WILL BE DISTRIBUTED. WHAT ARE THOSE CHANGES?
>> THIS IS A MASSIVE CHANGE IN HEALTHCARE SPENDING, WOULD SHIFT MONEY TO THE STATES. SPECIFICALLY, RIGHT NOW UNDER THE AFFORDABLE CARE ACT, THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT PAYS TAX CREDITS FOR PREMIUMS FOR LOWER AND MIDDLE INCOME PEOPLE AND HELPS WITH DEDUCTIBILITIES AND THEN MEDICAID EXPANSION. THE GRAHAM-CASSIDY BILL WOULD SHIFT IT TO STATES, $1.4 TRILLION WORTH. REPUBLICANS SAY THAT GIVES STATES MANY MORE OPTIONS BUT WITHOUT THE LIMITS THERE IS ALSO NO GUIDANCE, THERE'S NO PLAN NOW FOR WHAT TO DO WITH THAT MONEY.
>> Yang: THIS MORNING YOU WROTE THAT OF THE FOUR REPEAL BILLS CONGRESS CONSIDERED SO FAR THAT THIS IS THE MOST RADICAL OF THEM ALL. EXPLAIN THAT IN TERMS OF THE PROTECTIONS, THE BENEFITS AND COVERAGE THIS BILL WOULD AFFORD.
>> YEAH, I THINK PART OF IT HAS TO DO WITH WHAT LISA WAS SAYING THAT THERE IS NO REAL REQUIREMENT THIS MONEY GO TO HEALTH INSURANCE. IT COULD BE SENT TO HOSPITALS, PUT INTO HIGH-RISK POOLS. THERE ARE VERY FEW GUARDRAILS AROUND HOW THE MONEY GETS SPENT. ONE OF THE OTHER THINGS YOU SEE GOING ON IS RETURN OF PREVIOUS CONDITIONS. HEALTHCARE PLANS COULD ONCE AGAIN CHARGE PEOPLE HIGHER PREMIUMS BECAUSE THEY HAVE A CANCER DIAGNOSIS OR SOMETHING LIKE ASTHMA IF A STATE APPLIES FOR A WAIVER TO GET INSURANCE COMPANIES DO THAT. SO IT REALLY GOES BEYOND THE OTHER REPUBLICAN REPEAL PLANS. THOSE ONES I KIND OF SAW AS POORLY FUNDED VERSIONS OF ObamaCare. THE TAX CREDITS GO DOWN, MEDICAID EXPANSION COSTS MONEY BUT THE FRAMEWORK IS THERE. AS LISA SAID, THIS GETS RID OF THE FRAMEWORK ENTIRELY. IT DISTRIBUTES MONEY IN A DIFFERENT WAY AND DISADVANTAGES ANY STATE THAT HAS EMBRACED ObamaCare. IT WOULD BE VERY DISRUPTIVE IN ORDER TO BECOME LAW.
>> Yang: WHAT ARE THE TIME LINES? WHEN WOULD THE CHANGES TAKE EFFECT? WHEN WOULD THE CURRENT PROGRAMS END?
>> THERE IS ANOTHER BIG DIFFERENCE. THE MEDICAID EXPANSION IN OTHER BILLS WAS FACED OUT IN DIFFERENT WAYS. IN THIS BILL IT WOULD HAVE A HARD END IN 2020, AND ALSO THERE WOULD BE CHANGES THAT WOULD BE IN EFFECT IMMEDIATELY IN 2018. NOT CLEAR HOW INSURERS WILL DEAL WITH THOSE RIGHT AWAY.
>> Yang: LET'S GO TO THE POLITICS OF ALL THIS. THIS IS NOW BEING OPPOSED BY A SLEW OF PATIENT GROUPS, PROVIDER GROUPS, THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION, THE AMERICAN HEART ASSOCIATION, THE AARP, SOME HOSPITAL GROUPS, LATE-NIGHT TALK SHOW JIMMY KIMMEL WHO BECAME A VOICE IN ALL OF THIS DEBATE IN MAY WHEN HE TALKED ABOUT HIS SON BORN WITH A CONGENITAL HEART DEFECT. LAST NIGHT HE JOINED THE CRITICISM.
>> IF THE BILL PASSES, INDIVIDUAL STATES CAN LET INSURANCE COMPANIES CHARGE YOU MORE IF YOU HAVE A PRE-EXISTING CONDITION. YOU WILL FIND THAT LITTLE LOOPHOLE LATER IN THE DOCUMENT AFTER IT SAYS THEY CAN'T. THEY CAN AND WILL. BUT WILL IT LOWER PREMIUMS? IN FACT, FOR LOTS OF PEOPLE, THE BILL WILL RESULT IN HIGHER PREMIUMS, AND AS FAR AS NO LIFETIME CAPS GO, THE STATES CAN DECIDE ON THAT, TOO, WHICH MEANS THERE WILL BE LIFETIME CAPS IN MANY STATES. NOT ONLY DID HE FAIL THE JIMMY KIMMEL TEST, BILL CASSIDY FAILED HIS OWN TEST.
>> Yang: YOU HAVE GOVERNORS AND ALL THESE GROUPS COMING OUT AGAINST THIS. WHAT ARE THE CHANCES OF IT PASSING.
>> THERE ARE GOVERNORS WHO CAME OUT IN FAVOR OF IT, REPUBLICAN GOVERNORS. I THINK THE CHANCES ARE LONG, BECAUSE IT COMES DOWN TO FOUR KEY REPUBLICANS. WE ALREADY KNOW THE SENATE REPUBLICANS CAN ONLY LOSE TWO OF THEIR MEMBERS ON THIS VOTE. RAND PAUL IS ALREADY A NO. THEN OWE GET THE THREE WHO VOTED NO LAST TIME, THEY NEED TWO OF THOSE THREE AND THAT'S GOING TO BE HARD TO DO. JOHN MCCAIN SAID TODAY TO REPORTERS HE STILL WANTS REGULAR ORDER, HE DOESN'T WANT THIS TO BE RUSHED THROUGH. THEY HAVE THIS SEPTEMBER 30t SEPTEMBER 30th DEADLINE AND MCCONNELL SEEMS TO WANT TO MEET IT.
>> Yang: WHY ARE SOME PEOPLE SO ENTHUSIASTIC ABOUT THIS.
>> I THINK ObamaCare REPEAL IS SUCH A GOAL FOR REPUBLICANS, IF YOU TALK TO SENATORS ON CAPITOL HILL LIKE MY COLLEAGUES AT VOX HAVE BEEN DOING, A LOT WILL SAY THIS IS OUR LAST CHANCE, WE PROMISED THIS IN THE ELECTION, WE HAVE TO DELIVER. PAT ROBERTS TOLD ONE OF MY COLLEAGUES THIS IS THE LAST CAR LEAVING AND WE WANT TO GET IN IT. SEEMS IT IS LESS ABOUT THE ACTUAL POLICY, MORE ABOUT THIS IS THE LAST PLAN LEFT STANDING AND THE LAST OPTION TO MOVE FORWARD WITH 50 VOTES THIS YEAR
>> Yang: THE LEADERS MADE THIS THE LAST OPTION IN A CERTAIN WAY. THERE WAS AN ATTEMPT AT BIPARTISAN TO FIX THE PROBLEMS WITH ObamaCare, BUT WHAT'S HAPPENED TO THAT?
>> THAT'S RIGHT, DEMOCRAT PATTY MURRAY IS WORKING WITH THE REPUBLICAN FROMTON TO CRAFT A BIPARTISAN COMPROMISE. IN DIFFERENT VERSIONS REPUBLICANS SAY THEY JUST COULDN'T GET THERE. THE DEMOCRATS SAY THEY CAME A LONG WAY. HARD TO SAY, BUT I THINK ONE OTHER ANSWER TO WHAT REPUBLICANS LIKE ABOUT THIS, THEY DO WANT MORE OPTIONS FOR STATE. THEY WANT MORE POWER TO STATES AND SPECIFIC STATES WIN IN THIS DEAL, RED STATES. THE STATES THAT WIN ARE CALIFORNIA, NEW YORK. STATES TO GAIN THE MOST ALABAMA, MISSISSIPPI. THOSE ARE REPUBLICAN REDS STATES AND A SIGNIFICANT SHIFT IN RESOURCES.
>> Yang: WHAT WILL THIS DO FOR INSURERS? IF EVERY STATE COULD WRITE IS OWN RULES, WHAT DO INSURANCE COMPANIES THINK ABOUT THIS?
>> THEY ARE GENERALLY NERVOUS. THEY COME OUT AGAINST THE BILL. WHEN healthcare.gov launched it didn't work. GRAHAM CASSIDY ASKS ALL 50 STATES TO BUILD THEIR OWN HEALTH INSURANCE SYSTEMS, NEW FRAMEWORK IN JUST TWO YEARS, SO I THINK INSURANCE COMPANIES HAVE GOTTEN USED TO THE AFFORDABLE CARE ACT, THE MARKET PLACES, THEY'RE NOT ENTHUSIASTIC OF FINDING 50 NEW SYSTEMS THEY LEARN TO NAVIGATE IN TWO YEARS NOW.
>> Yang: AN INTERESTING WEEK AND A HALF AHEAD. THANK YOU VERY MUCH.
>> THANKS.
>> Woodruff: THE QUAKE IN MEXICO WAS THE SECOND IN LESS THAN TWO WEEKS AND BROUGHT BACK MEMORIES OF THE TERRIBLE TREMOR THAT HIT 30 YEARS TO THE DAY YESTERDAY. MANY FOLKS ARE ASKING ABOUT WHY THE COUNTRY AND REGION SEEMS MORE PRONE TO THESE EARTHQUAKES. WE LOOK AT THOSE QUESTIONS WITH A SEISMOLOGIST, LUCY JONES, FOR OUR LEADING EDGE SCIENCE SEGMENT THIS WEEK. LUCY JONES, WELCOME TO THE PROGRAM. WE HAVE BEEN WATCHING THESE HEARTBREAKING SCENES OF TRYING TO GET PEOPLE OUT OF COLLAPSED BUILDINGS INCLUDING A SCHOOL, YOUNG CHILDREN. IS THIS PART OF MEXICO PARTICULARLY VULNERABLE TO THIS KIND OF QUAKE?
>> WELL, THERE'S ONE ISSUE WITH MEXICO CITY WHICH IS THAT IT'S BUILT IN AN OLD LAKE BED, THE GROUND UNDERNEATH IT IS EXTREMELY SOFT AND WET. WHEN THE SEISMIC WAVES COME FROM WHEREVER THEY COME FROM AND INTO THE SOFT SOIL, THEY GET LARGER. THEY HAVE TO SLOW DOWN. THEY HAVE TO CARRY THE SAME AMOUNT OF ENERGY, THEY GET BIGGER. THAT HAPPENS IN ANY SOIL IN LOS ANGELES, WE MIGHT HAVE A FACTOR OF 2 OR 3 AMPLIFICATION, IN MEXICO CITY IT'S A FACTOR OF 100. SO EVERY EARTHQUAKE IS WORSE WHEN IN MEXICO CITY.
>> Woodruff: ARE BUILDINGS TYPICALLY BUILT THAT MUCH STRONGER TO WITHSTAND EARTHQUAKES IN THESE SITUATIONS?
>> WHEN YOU SAY HOW IS A BUILDING BUILT, THERE ARE BUILDINGS BUILT CURRENTLY RIGHT NOW TO THE BEST CODE WHICH ARE TRYING TO BE HANDLING THAT, BUT OLDER STRUCTURES HAVEN'T HAD THAT ADVANTAGE AND, YOU KNOW, THERE WAS THAT HORRIBLE EARTHQUAKE IN 1985 THAT DAMAGED AND GOT RID OF A LOT OF BUILDINGS AND HELPED UNDERSTAND WHAT'S GOING ON WITH THE QUAKE BED. BUT IT WAS 250 MILES AWAY FROM THE CITY THAT, BY THE TIME THE WAVES GOT THERE, THERE WERE ONLY VERY SLOW WAVES AND THAT'S WHAT GOT AMPL AMPLIFIED SO VERY BIG BUILDINGS GOT DMAMGD THAT, BUT THE SMALLER ONES DIDN'T RESPOND TO THOSE VERY DISTANT WAVES. THIS TIME AROUND, NOW, THE EARTHQUAKE IS MUCH CLOSER EVEN THOUGH IT'S SOMEWHAT SMALLER. IT'S CLOSER SO THE WAVES ARE COMING IN BIG. THEY STILL HAVE THEIR HIGH ENERGY AND WE'RE SEEING A LOT OF DAMAGE TO THOSE SMALLER BUILDINGS. AS FAR AS I CAN TELL, A LOT OF THEM ARE OLDER BUILDINGS, YOU KNOW. EVERYWHERE IN THE WORLD, YOUR BUILDING CODE IS NOT RETROACTIVE. YOUR BUILDING IS AS GOOD AS THE CODE THAT WAS IN PLACE WHEN IT WAS BUILT. IF THAT'S 1940, IT'S NOT MUCH OF A CODE.
>> Woodruff: AM I RIGHT THAT THERE HAVE BEEN NOT BEEN AFTERSHOCKS, LUCY JONES, AND IF NOT, ISN'T THAT UNUSUAL?
>> THERE HAVEN'T BEEN LARGE AFTERSHOCKS. THERE ARE STILL PLENTY OF AFTERSHOCKS SO FAR, ALL BELOW MAGNITUDE 5. MAIN SHOCK OF MAGNITUDE 7 ON THE LOWER EDGE OF THE DISTRIBUTION BUT IT'S STILL EASILY WITHIN THE NORMAL RANGE. SAME THING APPLIED TO THE EARTHQUAKE IN SAN FRANCISCO IN 1989. WHEN EARTHQUAKES ARE DEEPER, WE SEE THEY'RE LIKELY TO HAVE THE SMALLER AFTERSHOCK SEQUENCES AND THIS EARTHQUAKE STARTED 30 MILES BELOW THE EARTH'S SURFACE.
>> Woodruff: THIS IS THE SECOND EARTHQUAKE TO HIT MEXICO IN A COUPLE OF WEEKS. EVERYBODY DOWN THERE HAS TO BE ON EDGE.
>> WELL, I THINK SEISMOLOGISTS WOULD LOOK AT THE MAGNITUDE 7 AS A SORT OF EXTENDED AFTERSHOCK OR A DISTANT TRIGGERED EARTHQUAKE. USUALLY, WE USE THE WORD AFTERSHOCKS FOR THE LARGE MAJORITY OF TRIGGERED EVENTS THAT ARE VERY NEAR THE FIRST ONE, BUT WE SEE THIS ABILITY TO TRIGGER OUT TO GREATER DISTANCES, MAYBE 300 OR 500 MILES TO A MAGNITUDE 8, AND SO THIS EARTHQUAKE COULD HAVE BEEN AT LEAST HASTENED BY THE OCCURRENCE OF THE FIRST MAGNITUDE 8, AND IT DOESN'T MEAN THAT YOU'VE GOT TO HAVE A WHOLE LOT OF OTHER EARTHQUAKES COMING, BUT EMOTIONALLY, IT DEFINITELY FEELS SCARY.
>> Woodruff: SEISMOLOGIST LUCY JONES, THANK YOU VERY MUCH.
>> THANK YOU FOR HAVING ME.
>> Woodruff: STAY WITH US, COMING UP ON THE NEWSHOUR: RUSSIA FLAUNTS ITS STRENGTH IN A SERIES OF MILITARY DRILLS. AND THE LUCRATIVE BUSINESS OF SMUGGLING DRUGS AND HUMANS ACROSS THE U.S.-MEXICO BORDER. BUT FIRST, ONE-ON-ONE WITH MICHAEL BLOOMBERG, THE BILLIONAIRE PHILANTHROPIST, BUSINESSMAN AND FORMER MAYOR OF NEW YORK CITY. AS WORLD LEADERS AND OTHER NOTABLE DIGNITARIES GATHER IN NEW YORK THIS WEEK FOR THE U.N. GENERAL ASSEMBLY, BLOOMBERG HOSTED A SPECIAL FORUM TODAY ABOUT THE ECONOMIC CHALLENGES FACING THE COUNTRY AND THE WORLD. WE SPOKE EARLIER ABOUT THAT AND MORE. MICHAEL BLOOMBERG, WELCOME. YOU SAID EARLIER TODAY THAT AFTER AN APPEAL FROM ONE OF YOUR PARTNERS, YOU WERE SENDING SOME OF YOUR PEOPLE AND AID DOWN TO THE U.S. VIR VIRGIN ISLANDS BECE OF THE CRISIS THERE. WHAT ARE YOU HEARING AND HOW IMPORTANT IS IT FOR PRIVATE INDIVIDUALS AND ORGANIZATIONS TO GET INVOLVED?
>> WELL, JUDY, BASED ON MY EXPERIENCE WITH HURRICANE SANDY IN NEW YORK, THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT ACTUALLY DOES A VERY GOOD JOB. THE TROUBLE WITH THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT IS IT'S A BIG ORGANIZATION AND IT TAKES A WHILE TO MOBILIZE AND, AT THE MOMENT, THEY ALSO HAVE A LOT OF THEIR RESOURCES EXPENDING IN HELPING TEXAS AND FLORIDA. SO SMALL TERRITORIES LIKE THE AMERICAN VIRGIN ISLANDS, AT THE VERY BEGINNING, THEY CAN'T GET THERE QUICK ENOUGH, AND THE PEOPLE THERE DIDN'T HAVE A ROOF OVER THEIR HEAD. THEY DIDN'T HAVE FOOD, THEY DIDN'T HAVE ELECTRICITY, THEY DIDN'T HAVE WATER, THEY DIDN'T HAVE MEDICINES THEY TAKE OR PENICILLIN OR TETANUS SHOTS IF THEY HAVE AN INJURY, AND, SO, THAT'S WHERE THE PRIVATE SECTOR CAN COME IN. ONE OF MY PARTNERS AS I WAS DOWN THERE, HE WENT DOWN, CALLED ME RIGHT AWAY AND SAID WE'VE JUST GOT TO DO SOMETHING. I SAID, OKAY, WE'LL MARSHAL THE RESOURCES. WE TOOK EMPLOYEES WHO WORKED ON HURRICANE SANDY, PUT THEM ON THE PLANE, I GOT JOHNS HOPKINS TO SEND MEDICINES THEY NEEDED, PUT IT ON A PLANE, TOOK IT DOWN WITH OTHER THINGS THEY COULD USE AND WE WERE ABLE TO HELP THEM WHILE THEY WAIT FOR THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT TO COME IN.
>> Woodruff: DIFFERENT SUBJECT, YOU'RE HOLDING YOUR FORUM FOR GOVERNMENT AND BUSINESS LEADERS THE SAME WEEK PRESIDENT TRUMP MAKES HIS FIRST ADDRESS TO THE UNITED NATIONS MAKING NEWS BECAUSE HE'S SAYING TO NORTH KOREA WE WILL TOTALLY DESTROY YOU IF YOU MAKE THE WRONG MOVE. WHAT ARE YOU HEARING FROM THESE OTHER LEADERS ABOUT THAT AND WHAT DO YOU THINK ABOUT IT?
>> I DIDN'T AGREE WITH A LOT OF WHAT HE SAID. I THINK THAT, AT THE UNITED NATIONS, WHETHER YOU INSIDE ARE SEETHING OR NOT, DIPLOMACY CALLS FOR A CERTAIN LEVEL OF DISCOURSE AND, IN DIPLOMACY, THAT'S THE WAY YOU GET THINGS DONE. THREATENING, CAJOLING AND BEING IN YOUR FACE DOESN'T REALLY WORK IN THE DIPLOMATIC COMMUNITY, AND WE DO NEED TO HAVE GOOD DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS WITH LOTS OF OTHER COUNTRIES. I THINK IF THERE'S ANYTHING YOU CAN -- THAT COMES OUT OF THE NORTH KOREAN PROBLEM IS YOU REALIZE YOU CAN'T DO IT ALONE. WE HAVE TO EMPLOY -- GET THE REST OF THE WORLD TO JOIN US, PARTICULARLY CHINA SINCE CHINA'S THE COUNTRY, THE MAIN TRADING PARTNER WITH NORTH KOREA, SO THEY'RE THE ONES THAT, THROUGH THEM, ANYTHING WE WANT TO DO IS GOING TO HAVE TO BE AFFECTED. BUT I THINK THAT THE PRESIDENT HAS OBVIOUSLY HAS SOME VIEWS. I HOPE HE HAS THE BEST ADVISORS THAT ARE COMPETENT AND UNDERSTAND WHAT'S GOING ON BECAUSE HE'S GOING TO HAVE TO MAKE DECISIONS BASED ON WHAT THEY SAY. HE DOES NOT HAVE A LONG HISTORY OF WORKING IN THE DIPLOMATIC WORLD, DOESN'T HAVE A LOT OF EXPERIENCE WITH OVERSEAS BUSINESSES OR GOVERNMENTS OR THE MILITARY, SO WHAT HE'S GOT TO DO IS BUILD THE BEST TEAM AND SO, FAR, HE'S GOT A LOT OF HOLES IN HIS TEAM AND IF I WERE HIM I WOULD FOCUS ON HEALING THE HOLES, GETTING THE SMARTEST PEOPLE HE CAN. I ALWAYS USE THE CRITERIA I ALWAYS WANT TO HIRE PEOPLE SMARTER THAN ME. THAT'S EASY, BUT NEVERTHELESS YOU NEED VERY GOOD PEOPLE TO DEAL ALL THE PROBLEMS OF THE WORLD.
>> Woodruff: ON THE SUBJECT OF IMMIGRATION, MAYOR BLOOMBERG, AS YOU KNOW THIS PRESIDENT IS REFLECTING THE VIEWS OF MANY AMERICANS WHO THINK TOO MANY IMMIGRANTS HAVE BEEN ALLOWED TO COME INTO THIS COUNTRY. JUST RECENTLY HE SAID HE'S RESCINDING THE MOVE BY PRESIDENT OBAMA TO PROTECT THE DREAMERS, THE DACA AGREEMENT, YOUNG PEOPLE WHO CAME TO THIS COUNTRY WITHOUT DOCUMENTATION AS CHILDREN. WHAT IS THE OVERALL EFFECT OF THAT?
>> WELL, THE DREAMER THING IS A SEPARATE ISSUE, I GUESS. THESE ARE PEOPLE WHO IT'S REALLY RIKICK LOU TO SAY THAT THEY COMMITTED A CRIME. JUST THINK, A WOMAN CARRIES HER NEWBORN BABY IN HER ARMS, WALKS INTO A BANK, TAKES OUT THE GUN, HOLDS UP THE BANK. THE COPS GRAB THE WOMAN. ARE THEY GOING TO ARREST THE INFANT? NOBODY THINKS THE INFANT HAD ANYTHING TO DO IT. SO THE DREAMERS, IT IS NOTHING TO REALLY DO WITH IMMIGRATION. THEY ARE HERE, BROUGHT HERE WITHOUT THEM DOING ANYTHING ACTIVE, THEIR PARENTS BROUGHT THEM HERE, THEY BECOME IF NOT LEGAL CITIZENS, THEY BECOME PRODUCTIVE MEMBERS OF OUR SOCIETY AND, TO THROW THEM OUT, I CANNOT CONCEIVE OF THE PRESIDENT ACTUALLY DOING THAT. THERE IS NO CONGRESSMAN WHO WOULD GET ELECTED IF YOU SAW SCREAMING YOUNG PEOPLE BEING DRAGGED IN HANDCUFFS TO THE BORDER OR PUT ON A PLANE. THAT'S JUST NOT GOING TO HAPPEN. IN TERMS OF GENERAL IMMIGRATION, I THINK WHAT'S HAPPENED HERE IS SOME OF THE PRESIDENT'S SUPPORTERS HAVE PROBABLY MISINFORMED HIM ABOUT THE IMPACT OF IMMIGRANTS. EVERY REPUTABLE STUDY SHOWS THAT IMMIGRANTS CREATE A LOT MORE JOBS THAN THEY TAKE AWAY. MOST IMMIGRANTS THAT COME HERE EITHER DO JOBS THAT AMERICANS ABSOLUTELY WOULD NOT DO AT ANY PRICE OR THEY COME HERE TO START BUSINESSES OR TAKE JOBS THAT ARE ADDITIVE, THERE IS ANOTHER BUSINESS OR MORE BUSINESS IN A GIVEN COMPANY, THEY HIRE MORE PEOPLE, AND FOR PEOPLE WHO THINK THAT THEY'VE LOST THEIR JOBS BECAUSE OF IMMIGRANTS, MAYBE SOME OF THEM HAVE, BUT WE'VE GOT TO FIND WAYS TO HELP THEM AND NOT MAKE IT WORSE. IF YOU WANT JOBS, WE NEED MORE GLOBAL TRADE. IF YOU WANT MORE JOBS, WE NEED TPP, THE TRANS-PACIFIC TRADE AGREEMENT. IF YOU WANT MORE JOBS, WE HAVE TO KEEP NAFTA IN PLACE SO THAT CANADA AND UNITED STATES AND MEXICO TOGETHER CAN CREATE MORE JOBS. WE HAVE TO DO ALL THESE THINGS, WE HAVE TO HAVE TRAINING PROGRAMS, AND CUTTING BACK A LOT OF THE STUFF THAT THE PRESIDENT WANTS TO DO DOES NOT HELP CREATE JOBS, IF ANYTHING IT TAKES AWAY JOBS.
>> Woodruff: FINALLY, YOU'VE GOT SOME STRONG VIEWS ON A NUMBER OF ISSUES OUT THERE. YOU DECIDED IN 2016 NOT TO RUN FOR PRESIDENT. WAS THAT A MISTAKE?
>> NO, I THINK THE CONCLUSION WAS THAT YOU COULD NOT RUN AS AN INDEPENDENT. THE CONSTITUTION WITH THE ELECTORAL COLLEGE MEANS THAT NO INDEPENDENT IS GOING TO GET A MAJORITY OF ELECTORAL VOTES AND IF YOU JUST HAD A PLURALITY IT DOESN'T MEAN ANYTHING BECAUSE THE HOUSE WOULD THEN PICK THE PRESIDENT AND THE SENATE WOULD PICK THE VICE PRESIDENT AND THEY WOULD PICK FROM WHATEVER PARTY WAS IN CONTROL OF THE HOUSE OR THE SENATE, THEY CERTAINLY WOULDN'T PICK AN INDEPENDENT. SO WE WEREN'T GOING TO WIN, AND THERE IS A LOT OF WAYS TO AFFECT CHANGE. I'M A VERY LUCKY GUY, I WOULD LIKE TO LEAVE THIS WORLD BETTER FOR MY DAUGHTERS AND GRANDKIDS, AND THAT'S WHAT I'M DOING WITH ALL MY MONEY. MY COMPANIES' PROFITS VIRTUALLY ALL GO TO OUR FOUNDATION AND WE WORK VERY HARD TO IMPROVE THE QUALITY OF GOVERNMENT THAT YOU HAVE AT THE LOCAL LEVEL. WE HAVE SOME EXPERTISE, WE WORK VERY HARD ON PUBLIC HEALTH ISSUES, ON THE ARTS, ON THE ENVIRONMENT. THERE ARE A LOT OF THINGS THAT WE ARE WORKING ON AND, HOPEFULLY, WE CAN HAVE -- HELP PEOPLE HAVE LONGER, HEALTHIER AND MORE FUN LIVES.
>> Woodruff: BUSINESSMAN, FORMER NEW YORK CITY MAYOR MICHAEL BLOOMBERG, WE THANK YOU.
>> JUDY, ALL THE BEST.
>> Woodruff: TUNE IN TOMORROW NIGHT. I TALK WITH PHILANTHROPIST MELINDA GATES ABOUT THE IMPORTANCE OF U.S. AID ABROAD.
>> Woodruff: THIS WEEK, RUSSIA HAS BEEN CONDUCTING A LARGE SCALE MILITARY EXERCISE WITHIN THE TERRITORY OF ONE OF ITS NEIGHBORS-- BELARUS, A FORMER SOVIET REPUBLIC. RUSSIAN UNITS ARE ALSO WAR- GAMING NEAR THE BORDERS OF THREE BALTIC NATO-MEMBER STATES, WHICH WERE ALSO ONCE PART OF THE SOVIET UNION. MOSCOW SAYS ITS A DEFENSIVE EXERCISE, BUT OTHERS SEE A MORE OMINOUS PURPOSE. NICK SCHIFRIN HAS OUR REPORT.
>> Reporter: ON DAY TWO OF THE IMAGINED WAR BETWEEN NATO AND RUSSIA, THE CACOPHONY OF COMBAT CRESCENDOED. ( EXPLOSION ) RUSSIA'S MILITARY EXERCISE IS CALLED ZAPAD, OR WEST, AND IT BEGAN WITH THE MILITARY RESPONDING TO A HYPOTHETICAL THREAT TO RUSSIAN ALLY BELARUS. SOLDIERS QUICKLY CROSSED THE BELARUS BORDER AND UNLEASHED HELL. 70 JETS AND HELICOPTERS. 250 TANKS HELPED DEFEND BELARUS. AND THAT WAS BEFORE THE SCENARIO ESCALATED. AN AIRBORNE OPERATION DROPPED TANKS 20 MILES FROM NATO-MEBER ESTONIA'S BORDER, PREVENTING A HYPOTHETICAL INCURSION BY NATO TROOPS. 10 RUSSIAN SHIPS SET TO SEA TO ESCAPE HYPOTHETICAL INCOMING NATO CRUISE MISSILE STRIKES. AND WITNESSING IT ALL, RUSSIAN COMMANDER IN CHIEF AND PRESIDENT VLADIMIR PUTIN, WHOSE ALLIES SAY THEY GENUINELY FEAR NATO LAUNCHING THIS KIND OF WAR.
>> NATO NOW IS AFTER RUSSIA'S REGIME CHANGE, AND THEREFORE WE HAVE TO DEFEND OURSELVES, SO IT IS A DEFENSIVE EXERCISE. BUT REALLY IT IS NOT JUST REALLY ABOUT MILITARY DETERRENCE. IT'S ABOUT POLITICAL SURVIVAL AS WELL.
>> Reporter: ANDREI TSYGANKOV IS A RUSSIAN POLITICS PROFESSOR AT SAN FRANCISCO STATE UNIVERSITY. HE ECHOES THE RUSSIAN ESTABLISHMENT WHEN HE SAYS NATO'S SUPPORT OF REVOLUTIONS IN PREVIOUSLY SOVIET STATES AND SATELLITES, AND NATO'S EXPANSION TO RUSSIA'S BORDERS, CONVINCE RUSSIA NATO'S AN EXISTENTIAL THREAT. ZAPAD PROVIDES NECESSARY DETERRENCE.
>> NATO IS NOT MERELY A MILITARY ALLIANCE. IT'S A CIVILIZATIONAL CLASH. AND NATO IS THE MILITARY OUTPOST OF WESTERN CIVILIZATION, AND THEREFORE IT'S JUST A TOOL TO ULTIMATELY CHANGE REGIMES AROUND RUSSIA.
>> RUSSIA!
>> Reporter: BUT FOR THE WEST, RUSSIA IS THE THREAT. SINCE THE 2014 CRIMEA ANNEXATION, THE U.S. HAS PAINTED RUSSIA AS A DANGER TO INTERNATIONAL ORDER. EARLIER THIS YEAR, THE U.S. CALLED THE ZAPAD EXERCISE A TROJAN HORSE WHOSE REAL AIM WAS LEAVING TROOPS IN BELARUS, OR INVADING A NATO ALLY.
>> WHEN THEY WENT INTO CRIMEA, THAT WAS AGAINST THE BACKDROP OF AN EXERCISE. WHEN THEY WENT INTO GEORGIA, "EXERCISE."
>> Reporter: GEN. BEN HODGES COMMANDS THE U.S. ARMY IN EUROPE. HE SPOKE IN JUNE AT A U.S.- POLAND EXERCISE DESIGNED TO DETER RUSSIA FROM CROSSING ANY MORE BORDERS.
>> THEY DON'T HAVE A REPUTATION FOR BEING TRUSTWORTHY WHEN IT COMES TO COMPLIANCE. WE HAVE TO PRACTICE, WE HAVE TO DEMONSTRATE THAT WE CAN SUPPORT ALLIES.
>> Reporter: LITHUANIA WAS SO CONCERNED ABOUT THE ZAPAD EXERCISES, IT INSTALLED A NEW FENCE ON ITS RUSSIAN BORDER TO DETER WHAT DEFENSE MINISTER RAIMUNDAS KAROBLIS CALLED RUSSIAN DREAMS OF SUPREMACY.
>> IT'S CLEAR RUSSIA REALLY WANTS TO RE-ESTABLISH ITS DOMINATION, AND CHANGE DEFENCE SYSTEM IN ALL EUROPE.
>> Reporter: THOSE FEARS ARE UNDERSTANDABLE, BUT THERE IS A LARGER, MORE OMINOUS THREAT ARGUES NATIONAL DEFENSE UNIVERSITY FELLOW PETER ZWACK.
>> IT IS THE MORE VISIBLE MUSCULAR ARM OF A RUSSIAN MILITARY BUT IT'S NOT JUST THE MILITARY. IT'S ALMOST SOCIETAL.
>> Reporter: ZWACK IS A RETIRED U.S. BRIGADIER GENERAL AND THE FORMER US DEFENSE ATTACHE TO MOSCOW. HE SAYS THE REAL THREAT POSED BY RUSSIA ISN'T LEAVING TROOPS IN BELARUS, OR INVADING A NATO MEMBER, BUT A NEWLY DEFINED RUSSIAN STRATEGY THAT COMBINES CONVENTIONAL FORCES WITH ASYMETRIC FORMS OF WARFARE: ANNEXING CRIMEA. SUPPORITNG SEPARATISTS WHO DESTABLIZE EASTERN UKRAINE. AND HACKING THE 2016 U.S. ELECTION.
>> FOR THE RUSSIANS, YES, ASYMMETRY, YOU GO AFTER SOMEBODY'S STRENGTHS. BUT YOU DO IT ALSO IN RECOGNITION OF YOUR OWN WEAKNESSES, AND THE RUSSIANS KNOW THEY HAVE WEAKNESSES. IF THE WEST AND ALLIES WORLDWIDE WERE TO PULL TOGETHER, THE RUSSIANS WOULD BE OUTMANNED, OUTGUNNED.
>> Reporter: ZAPAD IS DESIGNED TO CLOSE THAT GAP. IT'S ALSO DESIGNED TO SOFTEN NATO RESOLVE, SOMETHING ALL MILITARIES DO. LAST YEAR I ATTENDED NATO EXERCISES 30 MILES FROM A RUSSIAN BORDER. AMERICAN SOLDIERS PRACTICED WAGING WAR AGAINST A MILITARY WITH EQUAL FIREPOWER. ON THE TRAINING GROUND, THERE WAS EVEN A BURNED-OUT SOVIET STYLE TANK FOR TARGET PRACTICE. WHICH MEANS BOTH SIDES WILL CONTINUE TO EXERCISE, AND BOTH SIDES WILL CONSIDER THEIR MILITARIES AS MEANS TO ENSURING PEACE.
>> NATO TODAY IN THIS REALLY, DIFFICULT CHAOTIC WORLD IS I BELIEVE IS THE CORE ALLIANCE OF OUR CIVILIZATION. I BELIEVE IT ALSO NEEDS TO FIND A WAY-- THE RUSSIANS NEED TO FIND A WAY-- BOTH, TO COEXIST.
>> Reporter: AND THAT WILL ALLOW ALL THESE PREPARATIONS FOR WAR... TO REMAIN EXERCISES. FOR THE PBS NEWSHOUR, I'M NICK SCHIFRIN.
>> Woodruff: "USA TODAY" PUBLISHED AN AMBITIOUS PROJECT TODAY, EXPLORING THE COMPLEX WORLD OF THOSE WHO LIVE ALONG THE SOUTHERN BORDER AND HOW PRESIDENT TRUMP'S PROPOSED STRUCTURE MIGHT IMPACT THEM. "THE WALL" COMBINES PRINT REPORTS, PHOTOGRAPHS, INTERACTIVE MAPS AND VIDEO. WILLIAM BRANGHAM WILL BE BACK TO TALK TO ONE OF THE LEAD REPORTERS ON THE SERIES, BUT FIRST HERE'S ONE OF ITS FEATURED FILMS, THIS ONE FOCUSING ON THE CAT AND MOUSE GAME BETWEEN U.S. AUTHORITIES AND THE DRUG SMUGGLERS WHO TRY TO EVADE THEM.
>> SOME OF THESE SMUGGLING ORGANIZATIONS HAVE BEEN IN BUSINESS 20, 30, 40, 50 YEARS. THE AMOUNT OF MONEY IS JUST TOO HUGE AND TOO VAST. THEY'RE NOT JUST GOING TO WALK AWAY FROM HAT PROFIT BECAUSE NOW THERE'S A WALL BETWEEN THE UNITED STATES AND MEXICO. THEY'RE GOING TO LOOK FOR SOME OTHER MEANS.
>> ALL RIGHT. I'M ABOUT READY TO DESCEND INTO THE GALVIN'S TUNNEL. I MEAN WHEN YOU'RE CLEAR. I'M GOING TO DESCEND ABOUT 70 FEET. STRAIGHT DOWN TO THE BOTTOM.
>> CLEAR!
>> WITH THE ADVENT OF THE INFRASTRUCTURE BETWEEN THE PORTS OF ENTRY ONE OF THE UNINTENDED CONSEQUENCES WAS HUGE NARCOTICS TUNNELS THAT THEN WERE CREATED.
>> THEY ARE VERY EFFECTIVE. THEY ARE BUILT IN SECRET ON THE SOUTH SIDE INSIDE OF A WAREHOUSE AND THEY END UP IN SECRET ON A WAREHOUSE ON THE NORTH SIDE.
>> BE CAREFUL DOWN THERE, BOB.
>> BOB RADIO CHECK.
>> THE FACT THAT THEY'RE GOING TO TUNNEL UNDERNEATH OUR BORDER LAYERED WITH TACTICAL INFRASTRUCTURE AND AGENTS TOPSIDE AND THEY'RE ALL DOING THIS ALL UNDERNEATH THAT STUFF. THAT IS PRETTY AUDACIOUS IF YOU ASK ME.
>> STICK ONE MORE IN THAT ONE.
>> SO THE WHOLE IDEA WITH THE INFRASTRUCTURE THAT WENT IN BETWEEN THE PORTS OF ENTRY, THE FENCING, THE LIGHTING WAS TO DRIVE THE SMUGGLERS INTO THE PORTS OF ENTRY.
>> WE'RE AT THE SAN YSIDRO PORT OF ENTRY, WE'RE THE BUSIEST LAND BORDER IN THE WORLD. WE PROBABLY LEAD THE NATION AS FAR AS SMUGGLING ATTEMPTS FOR ALIENS AND NARCOTICS.
>> YOU HAVE ANYWHERE FROM YOU KNOW 90,000 TO 100,000 PEOPLE COMING THROUGH THIS PORT OF ENTRY EVERY DAY, THAT'S LIKE A SMALL CITY COMING THROUGH THIS PORT OF ENTRY ON A DAILY BASIS.
>> I THINK THE CHALLENGE IS MOST OF THE TRAVELERS ARE LEGITIMATE. THEY'RE GOOD TRAVELERS, THEY'RE GOOD PEOPLE, JUST COMING UP TO DO BUSINESS TO VISIT FAMILY. AND WE'RE LOOKING FOR THE NEEDLES THAT ARE IN A HAYSTACK. SO OUR JOB IS TO FERRET THOSE PEOPLE OUT TO FIND THEM WHO ARE HIDING WITHIN THAT MASS OF PEOPLE WHO COME IN EVERY DAY. AND THAT'S ALWAYS A FINE BALANCING ACT AND IT'S BEEN THAT WAY ON THE BORDER FOREVER.
>> ONE OF THE OTHER DYNAMICS THAT WE HAVE FACED HERE IN SAN DIEGO IS THE MARINES SMUGGLING THREAT.
>> THAT'S A LOT OF OCEAN. THEY'RE GOING SO FAR NOW OUT OF OUR AREA OF OPERATIONS THAT WE CAN'T EVEN COVER THAT AREA. YOU KNOW WE CAN'T KEEP UP WITH IT EVEN IF OUR AIRCRAFT BOUGHT A VESSEL. 500 MILES NORTH YOU KNOW. I MEAN ALL WE CAN DO IS CONTACT ANOTHER AGENCY AND HOPE THAT THEY HAVE A WATER ASSET THAT THEY CAN GO GET THEM.
>> UPDATED POSITION. FOUR MILES AWAY DEAD SOUTH OF US.
>> EVERY TIME WE'VE DONE SOMETHING TO TRY AND SECURE THE BORDER DRUG SMUGGLING ORGANIZATIONS HAVE TRIED TO COME UP WITH SOME WAY TO END RUN US. SO I THINK SOMETIMES THE TALK OF THE WALL OR BUILDING THE WALL IS HUGELY AND LARGELY A POLITICAL SYMBOL. IN SOME AREAS IT HAS BEEN EFFECTIVE.
>> BUT AT THE END OF THE DAY, YOU BUILD A WALL ALONG THE SOUTHWEST BORDER AND YOU'RE NOT GOING TO END DRUG SMUGGLING. THEY'RE ONLY LIMITED BY THE AMOUNT OF TIME AND THE AMOUNT OF MONEY AND INGENUITY THAT THEY WANT TO INVEST IN THEIR SMUGGLING VENTURES.
>> Brangham: JOINING ME NOW IS ONE OF THE PEOPLE WHO WORKED ON THIS WHOLE SERIES. DANIEL GONZALEZ IS A REPORTER FOR THE ARIZONA REPUBLIC AND HE'S COVERED IMMIGRATION AND THE BORDER FOR NEARLY TWO DECADES AND HE HELPED CONCEIVE THIS PROJECT. WELCOME TO THE NEWSHOUR.
>> THANKS FOR HAVING ME.
>> Brangham: SO VERY, VERY AMBITIOUS SERIES YOU GUYS HAVE DONE. I WONDER IF YOU CAN JUST GIVE ME A SENSE OF WHAT WAS THE IMPETUS FOR THE WHOLE SERIES?
>> WELL OBVIOUSLY DONALD TRUMP CAMPAIGNED TO BUILD A BORDER WALL, THIS KIND OF BECAME A SIGNATURE OF HIS ENTIRE CAMPAIGN. AND AFTER HE BECAME PRESIDENT, AS THE ARIZONA REPUBLIC AND THE USA TODAY NETWORK, WE FELT WE WERE REALLY WELL-SITUATED TO TELL THE STORY, TO EXPLAIN TO THE AMERICAN PEOPLE WHAT WAS AT STAKE IF THE UNITED STATES WERE TO GO FOLLOW THROUGH AND BUILD A BORDER WALL ALONG THE ENTIRE U.S.-MEXICO BORDER. WE'RE NOT JOURNALISTS THAT WOULD JUST BE PARACHUTING IN LIKE OTHER JOURNALIST; THIS IS A SUBJECT THAT WE KNOW WELL BECAUSE WE'VE COVERED IT FOR A LONG TIME.
>> Brangham: I MEAN AS YOU SAY, YOU PARTICULARLY HAVE BEEN COVERING THIS FOR OVER 20 YEARS. WAS THERE A PARTICULAR IDEA OR SERIES OF IDEAS THAT WERE DRIVEN HOME BY YOUR REPORTING ON THIS SERIES?
>> WELL ONE OF THE THINGS THAT I ONE OF THE THINGS THAT I WORKED ON PERSONALLY-- WAS, WE WANTED TO SHOW, WHAT WOULD A BORDER OF HOW LUCRATIVE IT IS TO SMUGGLE PEOPLE AND DRUGS INTO THE UNITED STATES, IT HAS ATTRACTED CRIMINAL ORGANIZATIONS INTO THE UNITED STATES. SO WE WANTED TO LOOK AT WHAT WOULD THE EFFECT BE ON SMUGGLERS? WOULD IT STOP THE SMUGGLING TRADE, WHICH IS WHAT PEOPLE MIGHT PRESUME? AND ACTUALLY WE FOUND OUT THAT IT WOULD BE THE OPPOSITE. THAT AS YOU FORTIFY THE BORDER, IT BECOMES MORE DIFFICULT FOR PEOPLE TO CROSS. THEY RELY EVEN MORE ON SMUGGLERS, THEY'RE ABLE TO CHARGE MORE MONEY, SO THE BOTTOM LINE WAS THAT--
>> Brangham: AND TAKE THESE MUCH MORE DANGEROUS ROUTES AND OFTEN TIMES DIE IN THE DESERT?
>> EXACTLY, EXACTLY. SO SMUGGLERS IN THE END WOULD END UP BECOMING RICHER FROM A MORE FORTIFIED BORDER, AND ALSO AS YOU MENTIONED, IT WOULD DRIVE MIGRANTS TO TAKE RISKIER ROUTES AND WE WOULD END UP HAVING MORE PEOPLE LIKELY DYING IN THE DESERT.
>> Brangham: I MEAN SO MUCH OF THIS SEEMS TO BE ABOUT ECONOMICS, THE BORDER-- THE RETIRED BORDER SECURITY OFFICIAL THAT WE HEARD FROM IN THAT PIECE WAS SAYING, 'EVERY TIME WE TRIED A NEW INNOVATION ON THE WALL, THE SMUGGLERS FOUND ANOTHER WAY AROUND IT." AND IT SEEMS THAT IF THERE'S AN ECONOMIC INCENTIVE FOR PEOPLE TO COME, FOR GOODS TO COME, FOR DRUGS TO COME, PEOPLE ARE GOING TO FIND A WAY TO DO THAT IF THEY CAN GET PAID TO DO IT.
>> YEAH, AND THIS WAS DEFINITELY A POINT THAT WE HEARD OVER AND OVER AGAIN. WHEN YOU'RE TALKING ABOUT DRUG SMUGGLERS YOU'RE TALKING ABOUT ENTERPRISES THAT-- WHERE THERE'S BILLIONS OF DOLLARS AT STAKE. IS A BORDER WALL GOING TO JUST HAVE PEOPLE PACK UP AND GO HOME? NO, THEY'RE GOING TO FIND MORE INNOVATIVE WAYS TO GET DRUGS ACROSS THE BORDER. WILL A BORDER WALL SOLVE THE ECONOMIC PROBLEMS IN LATIN AMERICA THAT DRIVE PEOPLE TO COME TO THE UNITED STATES? NO, A BORDER WALL ISN'T GOING TO DO ANYTHING. UNLESS WE ADDRESS THESE MORE COMPLICATED, DIFFICULT ISSUES, A BORDER WALL IS REALLY KIND OF, REALLY IN A LOT OF WAYS, A BAND- AID. THAT'S NOT TO SAY THAT IT WOULDN'T BE EFFECTIVE. THERE ARE MANY AREAS ALONG THE BORDER, WHERE THE FENCING IS THERE NOW, THE TECHNOLOGY THAT EXISTS HAS BEEN EFFECTIVE.
>> Brangham: YOU ALSO SHOW IN THIS SERIES THAT THERE IS-- IT'S NOT A BLACK AND WHITE ISSUE, THERE'S VERY, VERY COMPLICATED OPINIONS-- IN FACT THERE'S A PIECE IN HERE WHERE YOU HEAR FROM RANCHERS WHO ARGUE-- WHO VERY MUCH WANT THIS WALL. THEY THINK THAT THE INCREASED MILITARIZATION AND SECURITY ALONG THE BORDER HAS MADE THINGS BETTER AND THEY HOPE THAT A BIGGER, MORE ROBUST WALL WILL MAKE IT EVEN BETTER STILL.
>> YES, SO THERE ARE, THERE ARE DEFINITELY PEOPLE WHO ARE DIRECTLY IMPACTED BY THE BORDER, WHO LIVE ALONG THE BORDER, WHO WOULD LIKE TO SEE MORE FORTIFICATION. THEY'VE SEEN THE CRIMINAL ACTIVITY THAT HAS COME IN BY THE BORDER, THEY'RE SCARED BY IT, THEY'VE SEEN EVIDENCE OF PEOPLE BEING KILLED ALONG THE BORDER. SO FOR THEM, THE BORDER WALL IS A WELCOME SOLUTION. ON THE OTHER HAND, THEY ALSO KNOW THAT A BORDER WALL PUSHES PEOPLE OUT INTO OTHER AREAS AND PEOPLE CONTINUE TO FIND WAYS TO CIRCUMVENT THAT WALL. WE SAW IN OUR REPORTING SMUGGLERS THAT TAKE PEOPLE RIGHT OVER THE BORDER WALL IN URBAN AREAS. SO IF A BORDER WALL ISN'T EFFECTIVE IN AN URBAN AREA, HOW CAN IT BE EFFECTIVE IN REMOTE DESERTS WHERE IT'S 100 MILES TO THE NEAREST ROAD, AND THERE'S NO BORDER PATROL AGENTS IN THOSE AREAS? SO IF YOU HAVE A WALL AND PEOPLE CAN GET OVER IT BUT THERE'S NOBODY TO STOP THOSE PEOPLE WHO HAVE GOTTEN ACROSS, THEN THE BORDER WALL IS INEFFECTIVE.
>> Brangham: IT'S REALLY A TREMENDOUS PIECE OF JOURNALISM. DANIEL GONZALEZ OF THE "ARIZONA REPUBLIC." THANK YOU SO MUCH.
>> THANK YOU VERY MUCH FOR HAVING ME.
>> Woodruff: YOU CAN FIND ADDITIONAL STORIES AT thewall.usatoday.com. AND THAT'S THE NEWSHOUR FOR TONIGHT. I'M JUDY WOODRUFF. JOIN US ONLINE AND AGAIN HERE TOMORROW EVENING. FOR ALL OF US AT THE PBS NEWSHOUR, THANK YOU AND SEE YOU SOON.
>> MAJOR FUNDING FOR THE PBS NEWSHOUR HAS BEEN PROVIDED BY:
>> SUPPORTED BY THE ROCKEFELLER FOUNDATION. PROMOTING THE WELL-BEING OF HUMANITY AROUND THE WORLD BY BUILDING RESILIENCE AND INCLUSIVE ECONOMIES. MORE AT rockefellerfoundation.org
>> AND WITH THE ONGOING SUPPORT OF THESE INSTITUTIONS AND INDIVIDUALS.
>> THIS PROGRAM WAS MADE POSSIBLE BY THE CORPORATION FOR PUBLIC BROADCASTING. AND BY CONTRIBUTIONS TO YOUR PBS STATION FROM VIEWERS LIKE YOU. THANK YOU. Captioning sponsored by NEWSHOUR PRODUCTIONS, LLC Captioned by Media Access Group at WGBH access.wgbh.org
>> Rose: WELCOME TO THE PROGRAM. THE 72nd UNITED NATIONS' GENERAL ASSEMBLY OPENED TODAY. PRESIDENT TRUMP MADE HEADLINES WITH HIS THREAT TO NORTH KOREA. JOINING ME TO TALK ABOUT THE UNGA AND PRESIDENT'S SPEECH IS IAN BREMMER, PRESIDENT OF THE EURASIA GROUP, ALSO ZANNY MINTON BEDDOES, EDITOR-IN-CHIEF OF THE "ECONOMIST."
>> WHAT THE TYPICAL U.N. SPEECH IS NOT THE KIND OF SPEECH THAT AUDIENCE IS USED TO. IF YOU COMPARE IT TO HIS CAMPAIGN OR INAUGURATION SPEECH, I THINK HE WAS LESS AMERICA FIRST EVEN THAN ONE MIGHT HAVE EXPECTED. ON THE CAMPAIGN HE BASICALLY SAID THE U.N. WAS A DISASTER AND WHY ON EARTH WOULD ANYONE WANT TO DO WITH IT. TODAY HE SAID IT WAS AN INVESTMENT WORTH OF MAKING.
>> Rose: WE LOOK AT THE FRIEND "VICTORIA AND ABDU
Series
PBS NewsHour
Episode
September 20, 2017 3:00pm-4:01pm PDT
Producing Organization
NewsHour Productions
Contributing Organization
Internet Archive (San Francisco, California)
AAPB ID
cpb-aacip/525-p55db7wv4s
If you have more information about this item than what is given here, or if you have concerns about this record, we want to know! Contact us, indicating the AAPB ID (cpb-aacip/525-p55db7wv4s).
Description
Description
Covering national and international issues, originating from Washington, D.C.
Date
2017-09-20
Media type
Moving Image
Duration
01:01:00
Embed Code
Copy and paste this HTML to include AAPB content on your blog or webpage.
Credits
Producing Organization: NewsHour Productions
AAPB Contributor Holdings
Internet Archive
Identifier: KQED_20170920_220000_PBS_NewsHour (Internet Archive)
Duration: 01:01:00
If you have a copy of this asset and would like us to add it to our catalog, please contact us.
Citations
Chicago: “PBS NewsHour; September 20, 2017 3:00pm-4:01pm PDT,” 2017-09-20, Internet Archive, American Archive of Public Broadcasting (GBH and the Library of Congress), Boston, MA and Washington, DC, accessed March 28, 2024, http://americanarchive.org/catalog/cpb-aacip-525-p55db7wv4s.
MLA: “PBS NewsHour; September 20, 2017 3:00pm-4:01pm PDT.” 2017-09-20. Internet Archive, American Archive of Public Broadcasting (GBH and the Library of Congress), Boston, MA and Washington, DC. Web. March 28, 2024. <http://americanarchive.org/catalog/cpb-aacip-525-p55db7wv4s>.
APA: PBS NewsHour; September 20, 2017 3:00pm-4:01pm PDT. Boston, MA: Internet Archive, American Archive of Public Broadcasting (GBH and the Library of Congress), Boston, MA and Washington, DC. Retrieved from http://americanarchive.org/catalog/cpb-aacip-525-p55db7wv4s