PBS NewsHour; January 12, 2012 3:00pm-4:00pm PST

Captioning sponsored by MacNEIL/LEHRER PRODUCTIONS

>> Woodruff: U.S. AND AFGHAN OFFICIALS DENOUNCED A VIDEO THAT APPEARS TO SHOW U.S. MARINES DESECRATING THE CORPSES OF TALIBAN FIGHTERS. GOOD EVENING, I'M JEFFREY BROWN.

>> Woodruff: AND I'M JUDY WOODRUFF. ON THE "NEWSHOUR" TONIGHT, WE ASSESS THE IMPACT OF THE IMAGES ON ANTI-AMERICAN SENTIMENT IN AFGHANISTAN AND THE PROSPECTS FOR PEACE TALKS WITH THE TALIBAN.

>> Brown: THEN, WE LOOK AT THE ASSASSINATION OF AN IRANIAN NUCLEAR SCIENTIST.

>> Woodruff: BETTY ANN BOWSER REPORTS SOME GOOD NEWS IN THE FIGHT AGAINST CANCER.

>> ONE OF THE GREAT SUCCESS STORIES IN MEDICINE OVER THE LAST 40 YEARS IS PEDIATRIC CANCER. WE'LL INTRODUCE TO YOU TWO SURVIVORS AND HOW THEY'RE COPING.

>> Brown: MARGARET WARNER GETS THE LATEST ON THE DECISION OF A MISSISSIPPI JUDGE TO HALT THE RELEASE OF 21 INMATES, PARDONED BY OUTGOING GOVERNOR HALEY BARBOUR.

>> Woodruff: AND RAY SUAREZ EXAMINES SWEEPING CHANGES TO INTERNET NAMES THAT COULD ALLOW FOR A NEW WORLD OF DOT ANYTHING.

>> Brown: THAT'S ALL AHEAD ON TONIGHT'S "NEWSHOUR." MAJOR FUNDING FOR THE PBS NEWSHOUR HAS BEEN PROVIDED BY:

>> AND BY THE BILL AND MELINDA GATES FOUNDATION. DEDICATED TO THE IDEA THAT ALL PEOPLE DESERVE THE CHANCE TO LIVE A HEALTHY PRODUCTIVE LIFE. AND WITH THE ONGOING SUPPORT OF THESE INSTITUTIONS AND FOUNDATIONS. AND... THIS PROGRAM WAS MADE POSSIBLE BY THE CORPORATION FOR PUBLIC BROADCASTING. AND BY CONTRIBUTIONS TO YOUR PBS STATION FROM VIEWERS LIKE YOU. THANK YOU.

>> Woodruff: THE U.S. MILITARY FACED A NEW FIRESTORM OF CRITICISM TODAY OVER STUNNING SCENES OF AMERICAN TROOPS AND ENEMY DEAD IN AFGHANISTAN. THEY RACED ACROSS THE INTERNET AND AROUND THE WORLD, TRIGGERING CONDEMNATIONS AND INVESTIGATIONS. A SINGLE STILL PHOTO CAPTURED THE DAMNING IMAGE-- PURPORTEDLY SHOWING FOUR U.S. MARINES URINATING ON THREE BODIES. THE VIDEO-- TOO GRAPHIC TO AIR HERE-- WAS POSTED ON YOUTUBE. THE POSTING SAID THE BODIES WERE TALIBAN FIGHTERS, AND THE TROOPS BELONGED TO A SCOUT SNIPER TEAM WITH 3RD BATTALION, 2ND MARINE DIVISION OUT OF CAMP LEJEUNE IN NORTH CAROLINA. THAT UNIT WAS DEPLOYED TO AFGHANISTAN LAST YEAR BUT RETURNED TO THE UNITED STATES IN SEPTEMBER. INDICATIONS WERE THAT SOME OR ALL THE FOUR MARINES MAY NO LONGER BE IN THE SERVICE. IN AFGHANISTAN TODAY, A SPOKESMAN FOR THE NATO-LED SECURITY FORCE-- ISAF-- SAID THE CONDUCT SEEN ON THE VIDEO WAS UTTERLY UNACCEPTABLE.

>> THIS ACTIONS DO NOT REPRESENT THE VALUES OF THE VAST MAJORITY OF COALITION FORCES WHO SERVE THEIR NATIONS HONORABLY.

>> Woodruff: THE U.S. MARINE CORPS SAID IT COULD NOT YET VERIFY THE VIDEO'S ORIGIN OR AUTHENTICITY. BUT A PENTAGON SPOKESMAN SAID TODAY: "IT CLEARLY APPEARS TO BE TO US WHAT IT APPEARS TO BE TO YOU-- TROOPS URINATING ON CORPSES." AND AT A MORNING EVENT, WITH THE VISITING ALGERIAN FOREIGN MINISTER, SECRETARY OF STATE HILLARY CLINTON EXPRESSED TOTAL DISMAY.

>> IT IS ABSOLUTELY INCONSISTENT WITH AMERICAN VALUES, WITH THE STANDARDS OF BEHAVIOR THAT WE EXPECT FROM OUR MILITARY PERSONNEL, AND THAT, YOU KNOW, THE VAST, VAST MAJORITY OF OUR MILITARY PERSONNEL, PARTICULARLY OUR MARINES, HOLD THEMSELVES TO.

>> Woodruff: DEFENSE SECRETARY LEON PANETTA ISSUED HIS OWN STATEMENT, SAYING: PANETTA TELEPHONED AFGHANISTAN PRESIDENT HAMID KARZAI TODAY TO DENOUNCE THE ACTIONS IN THE VIDEO, AND TO PROMISE A FULL INVESTIGATION. AND IN HIS STATEMENT, KARZAI URGED U.S. AUTHORITIES TO, QUOTE, "APPLY THE MOST SEVERE PUNISHMENT TO ANYONE FOUND GUILTY IN THIS CRIME." THE VIDEO COULD ALSO COMPLICATE TENTATIVE MOVES IN AFGHANISTAN TOWARD PEACE TALKS TO END THE DECADE OLD WAR. ON WEDNESDAY, SECRETARY CLINTON APPEARED OPEN TO NEW NEGOTIATIONS WITH THE TALIBAN-- A POSITION SHE RE-STATED TODAY.

>> WITH RESPECT TO THE IMPLICATIONS OF THIS, AS I SAID YESTERDAY, THE UNITED STATES REMAINS STRONGLY COMMITTED TO HELPING BUILD A SECURE, PEACEFUL, PROSPEROUS DEMOCRATIC FUTURE FOR THE PEOPLE OF AFGHANISTAN, AND WE WILL CONTINUE TO SUPPORT EFFORTS THAT WILL BE AFGHAN-LED AND AFGHAN- OWNED TO PURSUE THE POSSIBILITY OF RECONCILIATION AND PEACE.

>> Woodruff: IN TURN, THE TALIBAN SAID TODAY THAT THE VIDEO SHOWED SHAMEFUL AND INHUMANE ACTS, BUT WOULD NOT HAMPER PEACE EFFORTS. ON THE STREETS OF KABUL, HOWEVER, SOME AFGHANS SAID THE EPISODE CAST NEW DOUBT ON AMERICAN INTENTIONS.

>> ( translated ): ON THE ONE HAND THEY THE AMERICANS PRESENT THEMSELVES AS FRIENDS OF AFGHANISTAN AND CALL US HEROES OF PEACE AND ALSO THEY TRY TO HAVE PEACE TALKS WITH TALIBAN, SO WE DON'T KNOW WHAT KIND OF POLITICAL GAME THEY ARE PLAYING IN AFGHANISTAN.

>> Woodruff: IN THE MEANTIME, BOTH THE U.S. NAVY AND THE MARINES HAVE OPENED INVESTIGATIONS. THE MEN INVOLVED COULD FACE COURT MARTIAL PROCEEDINGS FOR VIOLATING THE GENEVA CONVENTION AND INTERNATIONAL LAWS OF WAR. FOR MORE ON ALL OF THIS WE TURN TO FORMER ARMY CAPTAIN ANDREW EXUM. HE SERVED IN AFGHANISTAN IN 2003 AND 2004 AND IS NOW A SENIOR FELLOW WITH THE CENTER FOR A NEW AMERICAN SECURITY. HE WAS AN ADVISOR TO GENERALS STANLEY McCRYSTAL AND DAVID PETRAEUS WHEN THEY WERE THE TOP COMMANDERS IN AFGHANISTAN. AND DAVID IGNATIUS IS A FOREIGN AFFAIRS COLUMNIST FOR THE "WASHINGTON POST." HE HAS COVERED THE AFGHAN CONFLICT AND PEACE PROCESS. WE THANK YOU BOTH FOR BEING HERE. ANDREW EXUM, AS A FORMER UNIFORM SERVICE MEMBER WHAT'S YOUR REACTION TO THESE VIDEOS.

>> I WAS DISGUSTED, REALLY, I THINK THE REACTION FROM THE COME DANT OF THE MARINE CORPS TO THE SECRETARY OF STATE WAS ENTIRELY APPROPRIATE. ON THE ONE HAND, THIS TYPE OF DEHUMANIZATION OF THE ENEMY TAKES PLACE IN EVERY MAJOR CONFLICT. ON THE OTHER HAND, WE HOLD OUR SOLDIERS TO A HIGHER STANDARD. AND WE HAVE COMMISSIONED AND NONCOMMISSIONED OFFICERS THAT ARE PAID TO MAKE SURE THAT THESE TYPES OF THINGS DO NOT HAPPEN.

>> Woodruff: SO HOW COULD SOMETHING LIKE THIS HAPPEN?

>> WELL, I MEAN, FIRST OFF, ARE YOU PUTTING 18 AND 19-YEAR-OLDS IN KBACHLT I THINK IN A LOT OF WAYS IT'S GOOD FOR THE AMERICAN PEOPLE TO SEE THESE VIDEOS BECAUSE PEOPLE DON'T HAVE AN IDEA OF WHAT AFGHANISTAN IS LIKE, WHAT THE WAR IS LIKE. AND YET, IT'S IMPORTANT THAT PEOPLE SEE THE WAY THAT SOLDIERS CAN BE DEHUMANIZED THROUGH THE EXPERIENCE. YOU SEE THIS HAPPEN WITH YOUNG SOLDIERS. YOU SEE IT HAPPEN WHEN THEY'RE NOT PROPERLY SUPERVISED BY NONCOMMISSIONED OFFICERS AND BY COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. AND UNFORTUNATELY, THIS ISN'T THE FIRST TIME WE'VE SEEN SOMETHING LIKE THIS TAKE PLACE IN THE WAR IN IRAQ OR AFGHANISTAN.

>> Woodruff: THINKING ABU GHRAIB.

>> YOU LOOK AT THE KILL TEAM INCIDENTS IN SOUTHERN AFGHANISTAN JUST LAST YEAR, THAT WAS ARGUABLY CERTAINLY A LOT WORSE THAN WHAT WE SAW IN VIDEO TODAY. BUT THE VISCERAL IMAGES ARE SOMETHING THAT IS DIFFERENT.

>> Woodruff: DAVID IGNATIUS, AS SOMEBODY WHO HAS COVERED THIS CONFLICT, HOW DO YOU THINK SOMETHING LIKE THIS HAPPENED?

>> WELL, I THINK ANDREW EXUM SAID ALL THE THINGS THAT ARE RIGHT. THE VIDEOS ARE SHOCKING, THE BEHAVIOR IS IMMATURE. IT'S JUST GROTESQUELY.

>> THAT'S RIGHT.

>> INAPPROPRIATE, THESE ARE YOUNG MEN AT WAR. THEY ARE DEHUMANIZED. BUT WHAT I FOUND REALLY DISTURBING WATCHING THE VIDEO IS THE SORT OF SMIRKING, THESE GUYS LOOKING AT THE CAMERA AND SMILING AS THEY URINATE ON THESE CORPORATIONS. IT'S JUST TERRIBLE BEHAVIOR AND SO J DAING TO THE UNITED STATES. I JUST GOT BACK FROM AFGHANISTAN RIGHT BEFORE CHRISTMAS. I MET WITH LOTS OF U.S. SOLDIERS THERE. IT'S APPROPRIATE AND EASY TO SAY WE HAVE SO MANY GOOD SOLDIERS AND OFFICERS IN COMBAT. AND THAT THESE ARE THE EXCEPTION, BUT IT IS TERRIBLY DAMAGING. THESE IMAGES WILL PERSIST. THEY'LL PERSIST ON THE INTERNET AND IN PEOPLE'S MINDS FOR A VERY LONG TIME. AND THEY UNDO SO MUCH WORK THAT HAD BEEN DONE TO TRY TO SAY WE ARE A BENIGN PRESENCE.

>> Woodruff: ANDREW EXUM, DON'T THE SOLDIERS AND THE MARINE GET TRAINING ABOUT HOW TO BEHAVE IN A SITUATION LIKE THIS.

>> ABSOLUTELY. BUT AGAIN, WE SEE THESE TYPES OF THINGS TAKE PLACE IN CONFLICT TIME AND TIME AGAIN. AND YOU CAN TALK ABOUT OH, WELL, YOU KNOW, WE'VE BEEN THERE FOR TEN YEARS AND THE LENGTH OF THIS CONFLICT HAS WORN ON THE SOLDIERS. BUT QUITE FRANKLY WE FIND INCIDENTS AT THIS BEGINNING I REMEMBER A A YOUNG ALLIED SOLDIER BEING SENT HOME FOR SOMETHING SIMILAR TO THIS AND BEING PUNISHED FROM HIS MILITARY FOR KIND OF POSING WITH A PICTURE WE A DEAD FIGHTER. YOU SEE THIS TYPE OF INAPPROPRIATE BEHAVIOR. THE IMPORTANT THING IS FIRST OFF THE WAY YOU STOP IT IS THROUGH GOOD TRAINING AND ALSO FIRM NONCOMMISSIONED OFFICERS SUPERVISION. AND THEN THE SECOND, THE IMPORTANT THING IS THAT FIRST OFF WE CONDEMN IT AND THE STRONG STATEMENTS YOU SAW TODAY AGAIN FROM THE COME AN DANT ON UP WERE APPROPRIATE. AND THAT WE PUNISH THESE SOLDIERS, THESE MARINES FOR WHAT THEY DID.

>> Woodruff: IT SOUNDS AS IF OFFICIAL, U.S. OFFICIALS ARE QUITE SERIOUS, DETERMINED THAT THEY ARE GOING TO NOT ONLY INDICATE, NOT ONLY FIND OUT WHO THEY ARE BUT THEN PURSUE AN INVESTIGATION.

>> YEAH.

>> Woodruff: DAVID IGNATIUS, YOU MENTIONED THERE IS GOING TO BE A LONG-LASTING AFFECT. WHAT KIND OF EFFECT DO YOU SEE. THE CONFLICT GOES ON. THE FIGHTING GOES ON. AND THEN THERE ARE AS WE'RE GOING IT TO DISCUSS HERE, PEACE TALKS THAT HAVE BEEN UNDER WAY WITH THE TALIBAN.

>> THESE ARE IMAGES OF AMERICAN ARROGANCE TO PEOPLE WHO LIVE IN AFGHANISTAN, TO PEOPLE AROUND THE WORLD. THEY REALLY REPELLENT IMAGES. AND IN THE AGE OF THE INTERNET THEY'RE ACCESSIBLE TO PEOPLE IN A WAY THAT THESE KIND OF IMAGES NEVER WERE. HORRIBLE THINGS HAPPEN IN EVERY WAR BUT NOW THERE'S THE TECHNOLOGY TO CAPTURE THEM AND THEY DO PERSIST AND THAT'S GOING TO BE DAMAGING FOR US.

>> IT IS ESPECIALLY UNFORTUNATE THAT THESE IMAGES EMERGE AT A TIME WHEN THE U.S. WAS EMBARKED SERIOUSLY IN CARRYING OUT SECRETARY OF STATE CLINTON'S PLEDGE LAST WEB TO SEEK SOME POLITICAL SETTLEMENT OF THE WAR THROUGH A PROCESS OF RECONCILIATION WITH THE TALIBAN. THAT PROCESS HAS GONE A LOT FURTHER THAN MANY PEOPLE HAD THOUGHT. AT THE TIME OF SECRETARY CLINTON SPOKE LAST FEBRUARY, THE U.S. HAD ALREADY MET SECRETLY IN NOVEMBER OF 2010 WITH A TALIBAN REPRESENTATIVE. A PERSON WHO WAS THE PERSONAL SECRETARY OF MULLAH OMAR, THE LEADER OF THE TALIBAN. THERE HAVE BEEN PERHAPS A HALF DOES MEETINGS WITH THIS PERSON SINCE THEN. SO IT'S A SERIOUS CHANNEL THAT'S CONTINUING. AND THE FACT THAT THE TALIBAN SAID TODAY THAT DESPITE THE RELEASE OF THESE IMAGES, THEY WANT THIS PROCESS TO CONTINUE IS INTERESTING. ONE REASON THEY WANT IT TO CONTINUE IS BECAUSE THE TALIBAN FIGHTERS WHO ARE NOW IN GUANTANAMO IN PRISON ARE TO BE RELEASED TO HOUSE ARREST.

>> Woodruff: ONE OF THE THINGS THE TALIBAN --

>> IN QATAR AS PART OF THIS CONFIDENCE BUILDING DEAL.

>> Woodruff: ANDREW EXUM, DO WE TAKE THE TALIBAN AT ITS WORD, THE WORD OF THE LEADERS WHO HAVE MADE THESE STATEMENTS TODAY THAT IMAGES LIKE THIS WON'T DERAIL THESE TALKS?

>> YEAH, I THINK WHAT'S IMPORTANT TO NOTE HERE IS THAT THESE IMAGES PROBABLY WON'T HAVE THE STRATEGIC SIGNIFICANCE THAT THE ABU GHRAIB IMAGES HAVE IN PART BECAUSE THE DIE HAS ALREADY BEEN CAST IN AFGHANISTAN WITH THE TERMS OF THE NATO WITHDRAW FROM AFGHANISTAN AS WELL AS THESE NEGOTIATIONS WHICH AT LEAST PART OF THE INSURGENCY FEELS, YOU KNOW, CAN BE A SEPARATE LINE OF OPERATION. I THINK THERE ARE REASONS TO BE CYNICAL ABOUT THE NEGOTIATIONS. NOT BECAUSE THOSE WITH WHOM WE ARE NEGOTIATING WITH AREN'T NEGOTIATING IN GOOD FAITH BUT SIMPLY BECAUSE THERE ARE NO ACTORS IN AFGHANISTAN. THE GOVERNOR, THE INSURGENCY AND NATO CANLATION ARE FRAGMENTED TO A DEGREE. WE ALL HAVE DIFFERENT INTERESTS AS WE TRY TO NEGOTIATE INTO THE CONFLICT. EVEN IF YOU STRIKE A DEAL WITH THE TALIBAN, WHICH I THINK WOULD DEEPLY LIKE TO BE OUT FROM UNDERNEATH THE THUMB OF THE PAKISTANI SECURITY SERVICES THAT DOESN'T MEAN YOU STRIKE A DEAL WITH THE-- NETWORK OR SOME OF THESE OTHER INSURGENT GROUPS FIGHTING IN AFGHANISTAN.

>> Woodruff: YOU DID WRITE ABOUT THIS YESTERDAY, WHAT IS THE STATUS OF THOSE TALKS?

>> WELL, THE STATUS IS THAT WE ARE AWAITING FORMAL ANNOUNCEMENT BY PRESIDENT KARZAI AND BY THE TALIBAN THAT THAT OFFICE WILL OPEN.

>> THEY'VE SAID THEY WANT AN OFFICE OF THEIR OWN IN QATAR.

>> THEY REQUESTED, THEY HAVE SAID THAT THEY ARE PREPARED TO OPEN AN OFFICE. THEY HAVE REQUESTED QATAR. WE PROPOSED TURKEY OR SAUDI ARABIA. AND THEY COUNTERED BY SAYING THAT THEY WANTED QATAR. QUITE A LOT OF WORK HAS BEEN DONE IN THE BACKGROUND. BUT AS ALWAYS WITH THESE DIPLOMATIC THINGS YOU'RE WAITING FOR THE LAST LITTLE PIECES TO COME TOGETHER. BUT THEY'LL COME TOGETHER WITH THE OPENING OF THE OFFICE. THEN THE RELEASE OF THE GUANTANAMO PRISONERS TO QATAR UNDER HOUSE ARREST, IN EFFECT UNDER THE SUPERVISION OF THIS PROCESS. AND THEN YOU WILL HAVE AFGHANS MEETING WITH TALIBAN REPRESENTATIVES TO TALK ABOUT A NEW SET OF CONFIDENCE BUILDING MEASURES. AND ALL KINDS OF THINGS THAT PEM ARE SPECULATING ABOUT. THE POINT IS IF THE OFFICE OPENS, THEN YOU BEGIN OTHER TALKS. AS ANDREW SAID THERE ARE LOTS OF REASONS TO BE SKEPTICAL ABOUT THIS PROCESS. A LOT OF AFGHANS DON'T LIKE IT.

>> Woodruff: STILL DIVISIONS AMONG THE AFGHAN OFFICIAL, DIVISIONS AMONG THE TALIBAN AS WELL.

>> ABSOLUTELY. I MEAN THE INSURGENCY IS BY NO MEANS JUST ONE ORGANIZATION OR ONE GROUP.

>> Woodruff: DAVID, AS WE SIT HERE TODAY AND AGAIN GIVEN THIS VIDEO THAT IS OUT THERE, WHAT ARE THE EXPECTATIONS FOR THOSE TALKS?

>> I THINK AT THIS POINT A PROCESS IS LIKELY. I THINK THE TALIBAN HAS GONE FAR ENOUGH THAT IT IS LIKELY TO CONTINUE. I THINK WE HAVE TO WATCH THE REACTION OF OTHER AFGHANS, NONPASH TUNE AFGHANS ARE VERY SUSPICIOUS OF THIS. THEY DO NOT LIKE THE IDEA OF A PROCESS IN WHICH THE U.S. NEGOTIATES WITH THEIR ENEMY AND THEY WORRY THAT THIS IS AN ELECTION YEAR. THAT PRESIDENT O BOMBA HAS EVERY REASON TO HUR-- OBAMA HAS EVERY REASON TO HURRY THESE NEGOTIATIONS. BUT IS A PROCESS GOING FORWARD. AS I WROTE YESTERDAY, ALL WARS END AND THEY USUALLY END THROUGH A PROCESS THAT BEGINS A LITTLE BIT LIKE THIS. WE DON'T KNOW IF THIS PROCESS WILL WORK. BUT THIS IS HOW WARS END.

>> Woodruff: WELL, IT'S CERTAINLY ONE THAT WE WILL CONTINUE TO KEEP AN EYE ON, DAVID IGNATIUS, ANDREW EXUM, WE THANK YOU BOTH.

>> THANKS FOR HAVING US.

>> Brown: STILL TO COME ON THE "NEWSHOUR": TARGETING NUCLEAR SCIENTISTS IN IRAN; FIGHTING CANCER IN CHILDREN; BLOCKING PARDONS IN MISSISSIPPI AND ALLOWING NEW NAMES ON THE INTERNET. BUT FIRST, THE OTHER NEWS OF THE DAY. HERE'S HARI SREENIVASAN.

>> Sreenivasan: THE PRESIDENT OF PAKISTAN ASIF ALI ZARDARI LEFT THE COUNTRY AGAIN TODAY, AMID RISING TENSIONS WITH HIS COUNTRY'S MILITARY. PAKISTANI OFFICIALS SAID IT WAS A DAY TRIP TO DUBAI, FOR A WEDDING. ZARDARI SPENT SEVERAL WEEKS IN DUBAI LAST MONTH, FOR MEDICAL TREATMENT. THERE HAS BEEN A GROWING FUROR IN PAKISTAN OVER A LEAKED GOVERNMENT MEMO THAT SOUGHT U.S. HELP TO REIN IN THE MILITARY. THE TONE IN THE U.S. PRESIDENTIAL CAMPAIGN WAS MARKEDLY MORE SUBDUED TODAY. IN A MORNING STATEMENT, THE HEAD OF THE U.S. CHAMBER OF COMMERCE SAID IT WAS FOOLISH FOR REPUBLICANS TO ATTACK MITT ROMNEY'S RECORD AS A VENTURE CAPITALIST. AND AS THE DAY WENT ON, NEWT GINGRICH AND RICK PERRY PULLED BACK ON THEIR PUBLIC CRITICISM OF ROMNEY. MEANWHILE, THE FRONTRUNNER DEFENDED THE FREE MARKET SYSTEM IN WEST PALM BEACH, FLORIDA.

>> I BELIEVE IN A MERIT NATION, AN OPPORTUNITY NATION. WHERE PEOPLE BY VIRTUE OF THEIR EDUCATION AND HARD WORK AND RISK TAKING AND THEIR DREAMS AND MAYBE A LITTLE LUCK COULD ACHIEVE GREAT THINGS. AND BY THE WAY AS THEY WERE SUCCESSFUL THEY DID NOT MAKE THE REST OF US POORER.

>> Sreenivasan: PRESIDENT OBAMA WEIGHED IN, AT A FUNDRAISER IN CHICAGO LAST NIGHT. HE SAID REPUBLICANS WOULD UN-DO ALL THE GOOD HIS ADMINISTRATION HAS DONE.

>> EVERYTHING THAT WE FOUGHT FOR IS NOW AT STAKE IN THIS ELECTION. THE VERY CORE OF WHAT THIS COUNTRY STANDS FOR IS ON THE LINE-- THE BASIC PROMISE THAT NO MATTER WHO YOU ARE, WHERE YOU COME FROM, THIS IS A PLACE WHERE YOU CAN MAKE IT IF YOU TRY. THAT'S AT STAKE IN THIS ELECTION.

>> Sreenivasan: THE OBAMA CAMPAIGN ALSO REPORTED RAISING $68 MILLION IN THE LAST QUARTER OF 2011 FOR THE PRESIDENT'S RE-ELECTION AND THE DEMOCRATIC PARTY. THE U.S. ECONOMY SENT MORE MIXED SIGNALS TODAY. FIRST-TIME CLAIMS FOR JOBLESS BENEFITS SURGED BACK UP, AS BUSINESSES LET GO THOUSANDS OF TEMPORARY, HOLIDAY WORKERS. BUT REALTY-TRAC REPORTED THE NUMBER OF HOMES ENTERING FORECLOSURE, FELL LAST YEAR TO THE LOWEST TOTAL SINCE 2007. ON WALL STREET TODAY, THE DOW JONES INDUSTRIAL AVERAGE GAINED 21 POINTS TO CLOSE AT 12,471. THE NASDAQ ROSE ALMOST 14 POINTS TO CLOSE AT 2,724. THIS WAS A NATIONAL DAY OF REMEMBRANCE IN HAITI, TWO YEARS AFTER THE EARTHQUAKE THAT KILLED 316,000 PEOPLE. SEVERAL SITES IN AND AROUND THE CAPITAL, PORT-AU-PRINCE, HELD MEMORIAL SERVICES INCLUDING THIS MASS NEAR THE SHATTERED REMAINS OF THE NATIONAL CATHEDRAL. THE QUAKE LEFT ONE AND A-HALF MILLION PEOPLE HOMELESS, AND MORE THAN 500,000 PEOPLE ARE STILL LIVING IN TEMPORARY CAMPS. A NEW WAVE OF HEAVY SNOW BLANKETED ANCHORAGE, ALASKA TODAY. FORECASTERS PREDICTED UP TO 16 INCHES. THAT WILL PUT ANCHORAGE ON TRACK TO HAVE ITS SNOWIEST WINTER EVER. THE RECORD IS NEARLY 133 INCHES SET IN THE 1950s. TO THE SOUTHEAST, NATIONAL GUARD TROOPS HAVE BEEN HELPING THE CITY OF CORDOVA DIG OUT. THE COMMUNITY ON PRINCE WILLIAM SOUND HAS HAD 172 INCHES OF SNOW JUST SINCE NOVEMBER FIRST. THOSE ARE SOME OF THE DAY'S MAJOR STORIES. NOW, BACK TO JEFF.

>> Brown: AND WE TURN TO THE COVERT CAMPAIGN OF ASSASSINATIONS AND SABOTAGE AGAINST IRAN'S NUCLEAR PROGRAM. PIECES OF BROKEN GLASS AND DEBRIS LITTERED THE PAVEMENT WEDNESDAY AT THE SCENE OF A BOMBING IN TEHRAN. STATE T.V. REPORTED TWO ATTACKERS ON MOTORCYCLE STUCK A MAGNETIC BOMB ON THE CAR OF A NUCLEAR SCIENTIST, THEN DROVE ON. THE EXPLOSION, MOMENTS LATER, KILLED 32-YEAR-OLD MOSTAFA AHMADI ROSHAN AND HIS DRIVER. THE IRANIAN GOVERNMENT CALLED IT A TERRORIST ATTACK, BLAMING ISRAEL AND THE UNITED STATES. BUT IN WASHINGTON, SECRETARY OF STATE HILLARY CLINTON REJECTED THE CHARGE.

>> I WANT TO CATEGORICALLY DENY ANY UNITED STATES INVOLVEMENT IN ANY KIND OF ACT OF VIOLENCE INSIDE IRAN.

>> Brown: IN FACT, THE BOMBING WAS THE LATEST IN A STRING OF ATTACKS IN IRAN TARGETING TOP NUCLEAR OFFICIALS. TWO YEARS AGO, A NUCLEAR PHYSICS PROFESSOR WAS KILLED WHEN A BOMB STRAPPED TO A MOTORCYCLE EXPLODED OUTSIDE HIS HOME. SEVERAL MONTHS AFTER THAT, A PAIR OF CAR BOMBINGS KILLED ONE NUCLEAR SCIENTIST AND WOUNDED ANOTHER WHILE THEY WERE DRIVING TO WORK. IN BOTH CASES, IRANIAN OFFICIALS PINNED THE DEATHS ON THE U.S. AND THE ISRAEL.

>> ( translated ): SO-CALLED ADVOCATES OF FIGHTING TERRORISM HAVE PICKED UP WEAPONS, AND WE WILL REMOVE THIS MASK AND DEVILISH COVER FROM THEIR FACE AND REVEAL THEIR IDENTITY.

>> Brown: IN ADDITION TO ATTACKS ON SCIENTISTS, IRAN'S NUCLEAR PROGRAM HAS BEEN HIT BY OTHER ACTS OF SABOTAGE AND WHAT MIGHT HAVE BEEN ACCIDENTS. IN 2010, COMPUTERS AT IRANIAN NUCLEAR FACILITIES WERE INFECTED BY THE STUXNET VIRUS. IT DISRUPTED CONTROLS ON CENTRIFUGES BEING USED TO ENRICH URANIUM. AND THIS PAST NOVEMBER, AN EXPLOSION DESTROYED PART OF A MISSILE TESTING SITE NEAR THE TOWN OF BID KANEH. IRANIAN OFFICIALS CALLED IT AN ACCIDENT. THROUGH IT ALL, TEHRAN HAS MOVED FORWARD WITH ITS NUCLEAR AMBITIONS, WHILE REJECTING U.S. CHARGES THAT ITS GOAL IS NUCLEAR WEAPONS. JUST THIS WEEK, THE INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY CONFIRMED IRAN HAS BEGUN ENRICHING URANIUM AT A SECOND SITE NEAR THE CITY OF QOM. AND TODAY, IRAN'S SUPREME LEADER, AYATOLLAH ALI KHAMENEI, INSISTED THE ISLAMIC REPUBLIC WILL CONTINUE ON THAT PATH. HE ALSO VOWED TO PUNISH THOSE WHO CARRIED OUT WEDNESDAY'S BOMBING AND THOSE BEHIND IT. AND FOR MORE ON THIS WE GO TO RONAN BERGMAN IN TEL AVIV, A REPORTER. AND HE'S ALSO WORK ON AN ARTICLE ON THIS SUBJECT FOR "THE NEW YORK TIMES" MAGAZINE. AND DAVID ALLBRIGHT, PHYSICIST AND FORMER U.S. WEAPONS INSPECTOR, NOW PRESIDENT OF THE INSTITUTE FOR SCIENCE AND INTERNATIONAL SECURITY. RONAN BERGMAN, I WILL START WITH YOU. CERTAINLY MANY PEOPLE ARE LOOKINGS TO ISRAEL AND ITS SMUSD INTELLIGENCE AGENCY WATCH. IS KNOWN AND NOT KNOWN ABOUT WHO IS SHINED THIS.

>> JEFF LEE, A, I DON'T KNOW AND EVEN IF I KNEW I WOULD TELL YOU THAT I DON'T KNOW. WE DON'T WANT TO RISK ME JEOPARDIZING NATIONAL SECRETS OF ISRAEL AND BEING THROWN INTO JAIL. I WOULD SAY THIS MOUSSAD HAS A LONG TRADITION, THE ISRAEL INTELLIGENCE FOREIGN AGENCY HAS A LONG TRADITION OF TAKING OUT O ELIMINATING, TARGETING NUCLEAR SCIENTISTS WORKING FOR ISRAELI ENEMIES. BENJAMIN NETANYAHU MANY TIMES, I THINK STUPIDLY BUT I THINK MANY TIMES COMPARED PRESIDENT AHMADINEJAD WITH HITLER AND WHEN YOUR ADVERSARY IS THE SIZE OF ADOLF HITLER THEN ALL MEANS ARE JUSTIFIED TO STOP HIM. AND WE HAVE BEEN WITNESSING IN THE LAST FIVE YEARS A SERIES OF MYSTERIOUS MISHAPS, SABOTAGING, BOMBING AND ABOVE ALL KILLING OF IRANIAN SCIENTISTS WHO WERE PROMINENT FIGURES IN THE IRANIAN NUCLEAR PROJECT AND THE IRAN CAN ATTEMPT TO BUILD SURFACE TO SURFACE LONG-RANGE BALLISTIC MISSILES. THESE ASSASSINATIONS I WOULD SAY ARE AIMED AT THREE FOLD TARGET. FIRST, TO TAKE OUT PROMINENT FIGURES FROM THE IRANIAN NUCLEAR PROJECT. THE SECOND, TO MAKE THE IRANIANS, TO FORCE THE IRANIANS TO PUT A LOT OF EFFORT INTO TRYING TO PREVENT THE NEXT ASSASSINATION, SCREENING PEOPLE, TRYING TO FIND WHO ARE THE MOST-- GUARDING THE LIVE SCIENTISTS. AND WHEN SOMEONE HAS TO INVEST SO MUCH EFFORT INTO TRYING TO PROTECT, HE HAS A LOT LESS ENERGY TO INVEST IN THE INVESTMENT OF THE PROJECT. AND THIRD, MAYBE NOT LESS IMPORTANT TARGET IS TO SPREAD FEAR, GRAVE INTIMIDATION AMONG THE SURVIVING SCIENTISTS THAT THEY MAY END UP LIKE THEIR FRIENDS. THEY HAVE PRESTIGIOUS JOB, GOOD SALARY BUT AT THE END OF THE DAY THEY MIGHT RECALCULATE THEIR PARTICIPATION AND MAYBE CONSIDER TO GO BACK TO THE JOBS THAT THEY HAD BEFORE IN SCHOOLS AND UNIVERSITIES IN TEHRAN.

>> Brown: LET ME ASK DAVID AL BRIGHT WHAT IS FOE ABOUT THIS SCIEN CYST THAT WAS KILLED THIS PARTICULAR MAN.

>> DR. ROSHAN IS A CHEMICAL ENGINEER. HE IS INVOLVED IN THE NETHAN'S FUEL ENRICHMENT PLANT, GAS CENTRIFUGES, AND THAT IS THE CORE OF THE CONCERN ABOUT IRAN GETTING NUCLEAR WEAPONS. THE REPORTING SAYS HE'S INVOLVED IN THE PROCUREMENT.

>> Brown: I SAW THAT, WHAT WOULD THAT MEAN AND WHY WOULD THAT MAKE HIM A TARGET.

>> IRAN DEPENDS VERY HEAVILY ON BUYING OVERSEAS THE EQUIPMENT IT NEEDS TO RUN ITS GAS CENTRIFUGES. A LOT OF HIGH-TECH EQUIPMENT. IT DOESN'T MAKE IT. IT'S HARDLY SELF-SUFFICIENT IN MANY OF THE ITEMS THAT 2 NEESD. AND HE WOULD POSSIBLY HAVE BEEN INVOLVED IN ORGANIZING THE SECRET SMUGGLING OPERATION THAT IRAN HAS BEEN TRYING TO OPERATE WORLDWIDE. AND IS BANNED UNDERU.N. SECURITY COUNCIL SANCTIONS. AND COUNTRIES ARE SPENDING A GREAT DEAL OF EFFORT TO TRY TO STOP IRANIAN SMUGGLING OPERATIONS.

>> Brown: WHAT ABOUT-- WHAT DO WE KNOW ABOUT THE OVERALL GROUP, THE PEOPLE WHO, THE IRANIAN SCIENTISTS IN TERMS OF SIZE, SO THAT YOU CAN ASSESS WHAT KIND OF IMPACT THESE KINDS OF KILLINGS MIGHT HAVE ON THE OVERALL GROUP.

>> WELL, THERE'S THOUSANDS OF PEOPLE INVOLVED IN THE PROGRAM. HUNDREDS OF PROFESSIONAL SCIENTISTS AT HIS LEVEL. AND SO IT'S-- KILLING ONE OF THEM IS TO THE GOING TO HAVE A BIG IMPACT ON THE PROGRAM. I MEAN RONAN MENTIONED THESE OTHER KIND OF INDIRECT EFFECTS THAT ARE VERY REAL AND CAN DISRUPT THE PROGRAM AND CAUSE A HARDSHIP AND PERHAPS SOME DELAYS. BUT HE CAN BE REPLACED. THERE ARE A LOT OF IRANIANS WHO CAN STEP UP TO THE PLATE IN ORDER TO HELP IMPROVE OR FULFILL IRANIAN NEEDS FOR ITS EQUIPMENT. NOW A LOT OF THOSE EFFORTS ARE BEING STOPPED AND WE DON'T KNOW HOW GOOD THIS GUY WAS. YOU KNOW, HE WAS A BRILLIANT IN A SENSE SMUGGLER HIS LOSS MAY BE SIGNIFICANT. IF HE WAS AVERAGE, HE CAN EASILY BE REPLACED.

>> AND RONAN BERGMAN, WOULD ISRAEL ACT ALONE IF, YOU KNOW, WE'RE IN THE REALM OF SPECULATION, OF COURSE. BUT WHAT DOES THE PAST TELL US WITHOUT WARNING THE U.S. AND IS THERE NOW IN ISRAEL A FEAR, A CERTAIN CONCERN ABOUT RETALIATION FROM IRAN.

>> LET'S DIVIDE THE ISSUE OF WHETHER ISRAEL DECIDE TO-- A COULD VARIETY OPERATION. USUALLY WHEN WE ARE TALKING ABOUT TARGETED KILLING OPERATION, ISRAEL ACT ALONE. THUS I WOULD ASSUME THAT WHAT THE SECRETARY OF STATE, CLINTON SAID TODAY THAT UNITED STATES WAS NOT INVOLVED IS UTTERLY TRUE. ISRAEL, IF LEARNING FROM THE PAST WOULD TAKE AT THE END OF THE DAY, IF ISRAEL IS CONVINCED THAT IRAN ASK REACHING NUCLEAR MILITARY CAPABILITY, AT THE END OF THE DAY AS A LAST RESORT, EVEN WITHOUT NOTIFYING THE AMERICAN GOVERNMENT BEFORE, ISRAEL WOULD GO FOR IT OVERT AIREL STRIKE. AS FOR YOUR LAST QUESTION, YES, THERE IS AN EXTREME HIGH ALERT IN THE ISRAELI SECURITY SERVICES, GUARDING ISRAELI EMBASSIES OVERSEAS ARE FEARING THAT WHAT IS PERCEIVED IN IRAN AS AN ALLEGED MOUSSAD OPERATION, WOULD LEAD TO AN IRANIAN RETALIATION. AND WE HAVE SEEN BEFORE IRANIAN ABILITY TOGETHER WITH HEZBOLLAH OP RATTIVES WORKING OVERSEAS, TAKING OUT ISRAELI EMBASSIES AND JEWISH INSTALLATIONS OVERSEAS, THERE IS A FEAR THAT IRAN WOULD NOT TOLERATE ANY MORE THE ELIMINATION OF PROMINENT FIGURES FROM THE NUCLEAR PROJECT AND THEREFORE WOULD ORDER A LAUNCH A SORT OF RETALIATION. WITHOUT TAKING RESPONSIBILITY, NOT FIRING MISSILES BUT BOMBING SOME SORT OF ISRAELI-- OUTSIDE OF ISRAEL.

>> Brown: AND DAVID ALBRIGHT, I WILL PUT THIS IN THE LARGEST CONTEXT BECAUSE THIS COMES AT A TIME OF HEIGHTENED TENSION BUT ALSO RENEWED SANCTIONS FROM THE WEST.

>> AND THE SANCTIONED HAVE BEEN ENGINEERED FOR MONTHS. THE UNITED STATES AND EUROPE AND WITH THE PRESSURE FROM ISRAEL HAVE REALLY RAFERPD UP SANCTIONS ON IRAN. BUT THE INTENTION ALL ALONG AND THIS IS REALLY WHY I THINK COUNTRIES BOUGHT INTO IT WAS THAT THIS WOULD HAVE A-- WOULD BRING ISRAEL-- I'M SORRY, WOULD BRING IRAN TO THE NEGOTIATION TABLE. AND THEY WOULD MAKE MEANINGFUL CONCESSIONS IN THOSE NEGOTIATIONS. THE TWO PREVIOUS MEETINGS BETWEEN THE EUROPEANS, AMERICANS AND OTHERS AND IRAN HAVE REALLY NOT BEEN PRODUCTIVE.

>> Brown: SO WHAT IS THE THINKING NOW THEN ABOUT THE IMPACT-- IMPACT OF THIS COVERTICAL PAIN ON IMPACT ONE WAY OR ANOTHER ON THE STATUS OF THE SANCTIONS OR THE EFFORT OF THE SANCTIONS?

>> WELL, IT'S BAD TIMING. IF NOTHING ELSE. I PERSONALLY AM VERY MUCH AGAINST THESE KINDS OF TARGETED ASSASSINATIONS OF NUCLEAR OFFICIALS. BUT YOU HAVE TO WONDER WHY NOW. AND YOU'RE TRYING TO GET IRAN TO THE TABLE. PRESSURE IS ALWAYS A PRECARIOUS THING TO APPLY. IT CAN BACKFIRE. THE SENSING OF THE UNITED STATES AT LEAST IS THAT IT IS GOING TO GET IRAN TO THE TABLE. BUT YOU DON'T WANT TO DRIVE IRAN INTO A CORNER WHERE THEY MAY DECIDE TO DO THE VERY THING YOU ARE TRYING TO PREVENT, NAMELY BUILD NUCLEAR WEAPONS.

>> DAVID ALBRIGHT AND RONAN BERGMAN IN TEL AVIV, THANK YOU SO MUCH.

>> THANK YOU

>> Woodruff: NOW, TO THE FIRST OF A TWO-PART REPORT ABOUT HOW PATIENTS AND THEIR DOCTORS ARE FARING IN THEIR EFFORTS TO CURE OR MANAGE DIFFERENT CANCERS. IT'S BEEN FOUR DECADES SINCE PRESIDENT NIXON SIGNED A LAW THAT WOULD CHANGE THE WAY CANCER RESEARCH WAS FUNDED IN AN EFFORT TO DEVELOP BETTER TREATMENTS. TONIGHT, "NEWSHOUR" HEALTH CORRESPONDENT BETTY ANN BOWSER LOOKS AT WHAT'S HAPPENING IN THE BATTLE AGAINST PEDIATRIC CANCER.

>> Reporter: 16-YEAR-OLD KATE ALBRECHT KNOWS THIS DRILL ALL TOO WELL. AFTER SHE LIES DOWN ON THE TABLE, A BIG MACHINE CALLED A LINEAR ACCELERATOR DELIVERS HIGH ENERGY RADIATION TO SHRINK AND KILL THE CANCER CELLS SHE HAS FROM STAGE FOUR HODGKINS LYMPHOMA. WHILE MOST TEENAGED GIRLS BUSY THEMSELVES WITH BOYFRIENDS AND TEXT MESSAGING, ALBRECHT'S DAYS HAVE BEEN FILLED WITH MORE SOBERING ACTIVITIES-- THREE MONTHS OF CHEMOTHERAPY FOLLOWED BY THESE RADIATION TREATMENTS. THE CANCER WAS DIAGNOSED LAST SUMMER.

>> I WAS TOTALLY SURPRISED THAT I EVEN HAD CANCER, IT WAS NOT SOMETHING THAT I WAS EXPECTING.

>> Reporter: NOBODY SAW IT COMING. EXCEPT FOR A SLIGHT COUGH, ALBRECHT HAD BEEN AN ACTIVE HEALTHY COMPETITIVE RUNNER AND SKIER IN LAKE TAHOE. BUT AFTER THE DIAGNOSIS, ALBRECHT AND HER MOTHER MOVED TEMPORARILY TO PALO ALTO TO HAVE TREATMENT AT LUCILE PACKARD CHILDREN'S HOSPITAL AT STANFORD UNIVERSITY.

>> YOU AND YOUR GRANDPA!

>> I ACTUALLY LIKE THAT ONE, EVEN THOUGH I HAVE NO HAIR.

>> Reporter: TODAY ALBRECHT IS COUNTING THE DAYS UNTIL HER RED HAIR GROWS BACK. HER PROGNOSIS IS EXCELLENT, AND HER MOTHER LINDA, WHO'S BEEN AT HER SIDE THROUGH ALL THE TREATMENT IS OPTIMISTIC. 40 YEARS AGO IF THIS HAD HAPPENED WHAT DO YOU SUPPOSE THE TWO OF YOU WOULD HAVE BEEN LOOKING AT?

>> OH, BOY. DEFINITELY NOT AS GOOD A PROGNOSIS AS WE'VE HAD. I DON'T KNOW WHAT THEY WOULD HAVE DONE 40 YEARS AGO AS FAR AS ALL THE DRUGS AND TREATMENTS THAT THEY'VE COME UP WITH. THEY DID NOT HAVE THAT THEN. SO WE MAY HAVE BEEN LOOKING AT SOMETHING A WHOLE LOT SCARIER.

>> Reporter: YOU WILL GET NO ARGUMENT FROM CANCER RESEARCHERS ON THAT POINT. 40 YEARS AGO, MORE AMERICANS WERE DYING FROM CANCER THAN ALL THE PEOPLE KILLED IN WORLD WAR II. BUT IN 1971, THE NATIONAL CANCER ACT WAS SIGNED. IT PROVIDED BILLIONS OF FEDERAL DOLLARS FOR CANCER RESEARCH AND BECAME KNOWN AS THE WAR ON CANCER.

>> HELLO, HOW ARE YOU?

>> Reporter: DR. MICHAEL LINK WAS A YOUNG PEDIATRIC ONCOLOGIST 40 YEARS AGO. TODAY, HE'S ONE OF ABRECHT'S DOCTORS AT STANFORD'S LUCILLE PACKARD'S CHILDREN'S HOSPITAL, AND THE CURRENT PRESIDENT OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGISTS.

>> AT THAT TIME WE WERE CURING ABOUT 40% OF CHILDREN WITH CANCER AND IN THAT INTERVAL, IN THAT PAST 40 YEARS OR 35 YEARS THAT I'VE BEEN ON SCENE THE CURE RATES HAVE IMPROVED DRAMATICALLY SUCH THAT NOW WE CURE PROBABLY 80% OF ALL CHILDREN WITH CANCER. AND WE CURE ALMOST 90% OF CHILDREN WITH ACUTE LYMPHOBLASTIC LEUKEMIA THE MOST COMMON CHILDHOOD CANCER AND A DISEASE THAT WAS ABSOLUTELY INCURABLE IN THE 1960s.

>> Reporter: ONE OF THE DISCOVERIES THAT HAS LED TO SUCCESS WITH CHILDREN WAS LEARNING THE NATURE OF THE DISEASE, SOMETHING THAT WAS NOT FULLY UNDERSTOOD 40 YEARS AGO.

>> CANCERS ARE DISEASES OF OUR GENETICS OF OUR D.N.A. AND WE DEVELOP MUTATIONS IN THOSE CANCER CELLS AND THOSE MUTATIONS ARE WHAT CAUSE THE CANCER AND WHAT DRIVE THE CANCER AND WE NOW UNDERSTAND FOR EXAMPLE IN A DISEASE LIKE LEUKEMIA THAT THERE ARE MULTIPLE DIFFERENT TYPES OF LEUKEMIA EVEN THOUGH THEY LOOK THE SAME UNDER THE MICROSCOPE WHICH ARE DRIVEN BY A DIFFERENT ONE OF THESE DNA MUTATIONS.

>> Reporter: ONCOLOGISTS NOW ALSO KNOW THAT CHILDHOOD CANCERS ARE GENETICALLY LESS COMPLEX THAN MOST ADULT CANCERS AND RESPOND BETTER TO BOTH CHEMOTHERAPY AND RADIATION TREATMENT. BUT THERE WAS A TIME WHEN DOCTORS DIDN'T HAVE THE RESOURCES THEY DO TODAY TO TARGET SPECIFIC GENE MUTATIONS WITH DRUGS. ONE OF LINK'S FIRST PATIENTS WAS NANCY McGEE, DIAGNOSED IN 1978 WITH STAGE FOUR HODGKINS LYMHOMA JUST LIKE KATE ALBRECHT. BACK IN THOSE DAYS ONCOLOGISTS TRIED TO KILL THE CANCER IN CHILDREN WITHOUT KILLING THE PATIENT FIRST, McGEE HAS VIVID PAINFUL MEMORIES OF THAT.

>> THEY PUT ME INTO RADIATION THAT WAS FIRST AND THEN FROM THERE INTO CHEMO, WHICH WAS PUT THAT ON MY WORST ENEMY, THAT'S WHAT IN MY MIND ALMOST KILLED ME. I DIDN'T HAVE ALL MY TREATMENTS BECAUSE IT WAS LITERALLY KILLING ME. I WAS 100 POUNDS AND I WENT DOWN TO 64 POUNDS. YEAH, I WAS SKIN AND BONES LITERALLY. I WASN'T EATING BECAUSE I WAS CONSTANTLY SICK.

>> Reporter: DR. LINK REMEMBERS THOSE DAYS TOO.

>> IN THE 1970s, WE WERE DESPERATE TO HAVE THERAPIES THAT WORKED AND SHE WAS LUCKY TO HAVE A DISEASE LIKE HODGKINS DISEASE WHICH WAS RESPONSIVE TO RADIATION AND CHEMOTHERAPY. AND SO WE THREW THE BOOK AT HER, IF YOU WILL, TO TRY TO CURE AND SHE PRESENTED WITH VERY ADVANCED STAGE DISEASE.

>> Reporter: TODAY AT 46, McGEE IS A LAB MANAGER AT STANFORD UNIVERSITY'S SCHOOL OF MEDICINE. BUT, LIKE MOST OF THE PEDIATRIC CANCER SURVIVORS OF THE 1970s, SHE PAID A HIGH PRICE FOR SURVIVAL. SHE'S HAD THYROID CANCER, SKIN CANCER AND, IN 2001 THE BIGGEST SCARE-- A ROUTINE MAMMOGRAM IDENTIFIED VERY EARLY BREAST CANCER. SHE COULD HAVE SETTLED ON A MORE CONSERVATIVE TREATMENT, BUT BECAUSE OF HER PREVIOUS RADIATION EXPOSURE, SHE OPTED FOR A DOUBLE MASTECTOMY.

>> I COULD NOT HAVE A LUMPECTOMY AND RADIATION I HAD TO HAVE A MASTECTOMY. AND AS SOON AS I HEARD THAT I HAD BREAST CANCER I ALREADY KNEW IN THE BACK OF MY HEAD I WAS HAVING A DOUBLE I WAS NOT GOING TO GO THROUGH THIS TWICE. BECAUSE I WAS HEAVILY RADIATED ON MY RIGHT SIDE THE BREAST CANCER WAS ON THE LEFT SIDE OF MY LEFT BREAST SO IT WOULDN'T BE IF NANCY GETS IT ON THE RIGHT SIDE IT'S WHEN.

>> DR. LINK, HOW ARE YOU?

>> Reporter: TODAY, 32 YEARS AFTER BEING FIRST DIAGNOSED, McGEE STILL SEES DR. LINK AND TAKES PART IN CLINICAL TRIALS.

>> YOU KNOW WE PROBABLY LEARNED MORE FROM YOU THAN ALMOST ANYONE ELSE. YOU'VE HAD ALMOST EVERY POSSIBLE THING THAT WE SEE, SO IT WAS WORTH IT.

>> I'M HERE. I WAS PUT ON THIS PLANET FOR SOME REASON. I'M STILL TRYING TO FIGURE OUT WHAT BUT YOU KNOW I HAVE A SON WHO I ADORE. I NEVER KNEW IF I'D HAVE KIDS BACK THEN. I DON'T-- IF THEY REALLY KNEW WHAT CHEMO WOULD DO TO A REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM OF A 13-YEAR-OLD CHILD. YOU KNOW, SO WHEN I CONCEIVED MY SON IT WAS LIKE IN MY MIND A MIRACLE. YOU KNOW AND SO I JUST CARPE DIEM, I SEIZE THE DAY I LIVE EACH DAY TO THE FULLEST THAT I CAN YOU KNOW AND TRY TO BE HAPPY.

>> Reporter: IN THE LAST DECADE, DR. LINK HAS SEEN THE BENEFITS OF CLINICAL TRIALS IN WHICH AS MANY AS 80% OF ALL CHILDREN WITH CANCER PARTICIPATE.

>> FOR THE NEXT GENERATION OF THE NANCY'S THAT COME TO US FOR TREATMENT WE ARE GOING TO DO A BETTER JOB, WE'RE GOING TO DO IT WITH LESS MORBIDITY, LESS COMPLICATION AND HOPEFULLY SO THAT THEY CAN HAVE AN IMPROVED QUALITY OF LIFE. THIS IS WAY MORE COMPLICATED THAN WE THOUGHT. CANCER IS NOT ONE DISEASE. CANCER IS A MULTITUDE OF DISEASES. THE FUTURE IS BASED ON REALLY UNDERSTANDING THIS MOLECULAR BASIS OR THE GENETICS AND THE DNA DAMAGE THAT CAUSES CANCERS. WE'RE UNDERSTANDING WHAT ARE THE, WHAT DRIVES THE CANCER AND WE'RE TRYING TO DEVELOP VERY, VERY SPECIFIC DRUGS THAT TARGET THOSE SPECIFIC ABNORMALITIES.

>> Reporter: WHILE DOCTORS LIKE LINK ARE EXCITED ABOUT CURING MORE PEDIATRIC CANCERS, MANY ADULT CANCERS REMAIN STUBBORNLY RESISTANT, WITH NO CURES IN SIGHT.

>> Brown: ON OUR WEBSITE, WE'RE COLLECTING PHOTOS OF YOUR CONNECTIONS TO CHILDHOOD CANCER. FIND INSTRUCTIONS ON HOW TO PARTICIPATE ON OUR HEALTH PAGE. BETTY ANN'S NEXT REPORT LOOKS AT SOME OF THE ADULT CANCERS AND WHAT'S BEING DONE TO FIND BREAKTHROUGH TREATMENTS.

>> Woodruff: NEXT, PARDONS PUT ON HOLD IN MISSISSIPPI. MARGARET WARNER HAS THE STORY.

>> Warner: LAST NIGHT, AFTER DAYS OF CONTROVERSY, A MISSISSIPPI JUDGE MOVED TO BLOCK SOME LAST-MINUTE PARDONS MADE BY OUTGOING GOVERNOR HALEY BARBOUR. VACATING THE GOVERNOR'S OFFICE THIS PAST WEEK, THE TWO-TERM REPUBLICAN ISSUED PARDONS TO MORE THAN 200 FELONS, 14 OF THEM CONVICTED KILLERS AND MANY OTHERS IMPRISONED FOR VIOLENT CRIMES. AFTER A FUROR ERUPTED, BARBOUR'S OFFICE YESTERDAY ISSUED A STATEMENT SAYING THAT 189 OF THEM-- ROUGHLY 90%-- HAD ALREADY COMPLETED THEIR SENTENCES. THE JUDGE'S RULING TEMPORARILY BLOCKS THE RELEASE OF 21 OF THOSE WHO WERE STILL IN JAIL. TO HELP SORT THIS OUT IS DANIEL CHERRY OF MISSISSIPPI PUBLIC BROADCASTING. DANIEL, WELCOME, THANKS. HOW DID THIS STORY JUST EXPLODE? FLESH IT OUT FOR US A LITTLE BIT.

>> WELL, WHENEVER HE, GOVERNOR BARBOUR HAD FIRST PARDONED FIVE INMATES. AND THAT WAS DRAWING ENOUGH ATTENTION. AND THEN CAME THIS ADDITIONAL 200 PLUS. AND IT REALLY DID JUST CREATE A SERIOUS PUBLIC OUTCRY AROUND HERE.

>> Warner: AND SO SOME BECAME PUBLIC RIGHT AWAY BUT THEN JUST THIS WEEK YOU HEARD ABOUT THE NEARLY 200 OTHERS?

>> RIGHT. WE HEARD THAT ON THE DAY THAT HE LEFT OFFICE. WE'VE GOT A RELEASE FROM THE SECRETARY OF STATE'S OFFICE THAT SAID THERE WERE 200 MORE THAT HE HAD PARDONED JUST BEFORE HE LEFT OFFICE.

>> Warner: DE GIVE ANY REASONS FOR-- SORRY, I DIDN'T MEAN TO INTERRUPT. BUT DE GIVE ANY REASONS FOR WHY THESE PARDONS WERE ISSUED?

>> WELL, HE HASN'T SPOKEN TO THE MEDIA. AND I ASKED HIM PERSONALLY. AND HE WOULDN'T SPEAK TO ME. BUT HE DID RELEASE A STATEMENT YESTERDAY EVENING KIND OF LAYING OUT WHY. HE SAID THAT, YOU KNOW, 90% OF THESE PEOPLE HAVE ALREADY SERVED THEIR TER. AND HE WANTED TO GET THE FELONY OFF OF THEIR RECORD SO THAT THEY COULD THEN VOTE, GET LICENSES AND HUNT.

>> Warner: I GUESS GET A FIREARM LICENCE. I UNDERSTAND THERE IS QUITE A FURROR, QUITE AN OUTCRY OVER THIS.

>> THERE REALLY IS AND IT'S TOUGH TO REALLY JUDGE PUBLIC OPINION BECAUSE WE HAVEN'T DONE ANY POLLS OR ANYTHING LIKE THAT BUT JUST JUDGING FROM SOCIAL MEDIA AND COMMENTS ON NEWS ARTICLES. A LOT OF PEOPLE REALLY WERE WORKED UP OVER THIS. THEY WERE WONDERING WHY THIS EXTREMELY POPULAR GOVERNOR WOULD GO AND PARDON 200 OR SO FELONS AT THE VERY END OF HIS, REALLY A TERM THAT WAS JUST A LEGACY. AND HE DID THIS RIGHT AT THE END. IT LEFT A LOT OF QUESTIONS FOR A LOT OF PEOPLE.

>> Warner: NOW BEFORE WE GET INTO WHAT THE JUDGE DID LAST NIGHT, EXPLAIN THE BASIS, THE FOUNDATION OF THE GOVERNOR'S PARDON POWER AND HOW OTHER GOVERNORS USED IT.

>> Warner: WELL:.

>> WELL, IN MISSISSIPPI AND IN MANY OTHER STATES, AS I UNDERSTAND IT AS IT HAS BEEN EXPLAINED TO ME BY EXPERTS, GOVERNORS AND EVEN THE PRESIDENT, THEY HAVE POWER TO PARDON INMATES AT, IN MISSISSIPPI AT LEAST AT THEIR OWN DISCRETION. NOW IN MISSISSIPPI WE HAVE A LITTLE SYSTEM TO WHERE CERTAIN TRUSTED INMATES, THEY CALL TRUSTEES WHO HAVE GAINED THE TRUST OF THEIR SUPERVISORS CAN THEN GO AND WORK IN THE GOVERNOR'S MANSION AND IT'S KIND OF CONVENTIONAL TO PARDON THOSE PARTICULAR TRUSTEES. NOW GOVERNORS IN PAST REALLY, AND LEAST IN THE PAST 20 YEARS OR SO REALLY HAVEN'T GOTTEN MORE THAN AROUND THE 10 PARDON MARK, SOME AS LOW AS ONE. SOME AS HIGH AS 13. AND NOTHING ANYWHERE CLOSE TO 200.

>> Warner: NOW DANIEL, I REPORTED IN THE INTRODUCTION TO YOU THAT THERE WERE WHAT APPEAR TO BE 14 CON VICTED OF MURDER AND MANY OTHERS CONVICTED OF VIOLENT CRIMES. GIVE US A FLAVOR. I MEAN WERE THEY-- DID THEY ALL INVOLVE INJURY TO OTHER PEOPLE? WHAT, HOW WOULD YOU CHARACTERIZE THEM?

>> WELL, THEY DIDN'T ALL-- THE MAJORITY OF THEM WERE DRUG OFFENSES. DUIes, A LOT OF THINGS LIKE THAT. BUT THERE IS ALSO KIDNAPPING, ENTICING CHILDREN. AND THEN THERE IS THE MANSLAUGHTER, HOMICIDES THAT DON'T GET REPORTED ALONG WITH THE ACTUAL MURDERS PER SE.

>> Warner: SO LET'S GO TO THE JUDGES RULING LAST NIGHT. NOW THIS IS A STATE JUDGE AND HE BLOCKED JUST 21 OF THEM. ON WHAT BASIS AND WHY JUST 21.

>> WELL, THOSE PARTICULAR 21, AND BEST OF MY KNOWLEDGE, HAD NOT BEEN RELEASED YET. SO WHENEVER THERE IS A PARDON, AS I UNDERSTAND IT, THERE IS A 48 HOUR PERIOD THAT GOES IN BETWEEN THE PARDON TAKING EFFECT AND THOSE PARTICULAR INMATES BEING RELEASED. THESE PARTICULAR 21 HAD NOT BEEN RELEASED YET. SO WHENEVER THE INJUNCTION TOOK PLACE TO HALT THE PARDONS, THESE PARTICULAR 21 WERE HELD IN LIMBO. SO THEY ARE HELD UNTIL FURTHER HEARING. AND THEN IT WILL BE DECIDED. THEN THEIR FATE WILL BE DECIDED.

>> Warner: AND ON WHAT LEGAL GROUNDS DID THE JUDGE ISSUE THIS INJUNCTION WHICH I UNDERSTAND HAD BEEN REQUESTED BY THE ATTORNEY GENERAL.

>> YES, MISSISSIPPI'S ATTORNEY GENERAL JIM HOOD USED SEX 124 OF THE MISSISSIPPI STATE CONSTITUTION THAT SAYS BEFORE A FELON CAN GET A PARDON THEY HAVE TO FILE A REQUEST, A PETITION IN THE NEWSPAPER FROM WHERE THE CRIME OCCURRED. THEY HAVE TO DO THAT FOR 30 CONSECUTIVE DAYS BEFORE THEY CAN BE RELEASED. AND THE ATTORNEY GENERAL AND THE CIRCUIT JUDGE THOUGHT THERE WAS CONSIDERABLE DOUBT THAT THIS HAD NOT BEEN DONE IN ALL CASES. SO THEY'RE TAKING THIS TIME AND THE EXTRA HEARING TO REVIEW ALL OF THIS TO DECIDE THEIR FATE.

>> Warner: I UNDERSTAND YOU'VE TALKED TO SOME OF THE VICTIMS' FAMILIES. JUST TELL US ABOUT ONE, AT LEAST.

>> WELL, I TALKED TO A COUPLE. I ACTUALLY TALKED TO ONE JUST A LITTLE BIT EARLIER THIS MORNING AND SHE TOLD ME THAT WHENEVER, AND THIS PARTICULAR WOMAN THAT I SPOKE TO, HER SISTER WAS KILLED BY ONE OF THE MEN WHO IS PARDONED. HE'S NOT PART 2691. HE IS PART OF THE 5 WHO GOT OUT BEFORE THE 21. HE IS OUT. AND SHE SAID WHEN EVER SHE GOT THE NEWS IT JUST BROUGHT EVERYTHING RUSHING BACK TO HER. AND SHE SAID IT FELT LIKE HER SISTER, YOU KNOW, HER SISTER WAS KILLED JUST YESTERDAY. AND SHE JUST REALLY FEELS FOR OTHER FAMILIES AND VICTIMS WHO HAVE TO GO THROUGH THIS. AND THEN THERE IS ANOTHER GENTLEMAN THAT I SPOKE WITH. HE WAS ACTUALLY SHOT IN THE FACE BY A MAN WHO WAS RELEASED. AND NOW HE SAYS HE FEARS FOR HIS LIFE. HE FEARS THAT THIS MAN HAS BEEN PARDONED. HE'S OUT THERE AND HE IS AFRAID THAT HE IS GOING TO COME FIND HIM.

>> Warner: DANIEL CHEREE OF MISSISSIPPI PUBLIC BROADCASTING, THANK YOU.

>> THANK YOU.

>> Brown: FINALLY TONIGHT, ONE OF THE INTERNET'S GATEKEEPERS IS STARTING TO SELL NEW WEBSITE NAMES AND CATEGORIES. WHY DOES THAT MATTER? RAY SUAREZ LOOKS AT THE STAKES.

>> Suarez: SINCE THE EARLIEST DAYS OF THE INTERNET AMERICANS HAVE GONE TO WEB ADDRESSES WITH FAMILIAR NAMES TO THE RIGHT OF THE DOT. AS IN DOTCOM OR DOT ORG. STARTING TODAY THE COMPANIES THAT ASSIGN WHAT IS DULD MAIN NAMES ARE MAKE A BIG CHANGE. IT'S ROLLING OUT A PROGRAM MEANT TO DRAMATICALLY INCREASE THE NUMBER AND KIND OF NAMES, SIGN STEAD OF A COMPANY LIKE LET'S SAY MARRIOTT BEING CALLED MARRIOTT.COM, IT MIGHT NOW CHOOSE TO BE CALLED DOT MARRIOTT. BUT IT GOING TO COST PLENTY. UP TO $185,000 JUST TO APPLY FOR THE NEW NAME AND THE TOTAL ECONOMIC STAKES COULD ADD UP TO HUNDREDS OF MILLIONS OF DOLLARS. SOME BUSINESSES AND LAWMAKERS ARE UP SET WITH WHAT THIS COULD MEAN FOR COMMERCE AND THE FUTURE OF THE WEB. WE LOOK AT THIS NOW WITH ROD BEXTRUM, THE PRESIDENT & CEO OF ICAN, THE INTERNET CORPORATION FOR ASSIGNED NAMES AND NUMBERS AND DAN JAFFIE IS WITH THE ASSOCIATION OF NATIONAL ADVERTISER WHICH IS PART OF A COALITION OPPOSED TO THE ROLLOUT OF THE PROGRAM. NOW, INSIDE THE TRADE PRESS IT'S ALL FULL OF JUST THE SHORTHAND GTLD. WHAT IS A GENERIC TOP LINE DO NAIN-- DOMAIN SO WE KNOW WHAT IS TALKING ABOUT.

>> SURE, THE NAME TO THE RIGHT OF THE DOT ON THE INTERNET. SO THINK DOTCOM, DOT NET, DOT ORG AS EXAMPLES THAT MANY PEOPLE KNOW.

>> Suarez: IN THE SHORT HISTORY OF THE WEB PEOPLE HAVE GOTTEN VERY USED TO USING IT AND ARE FAMILIAR WITH THE SUFFICIENT FIXES, DOT GO DOT EDU, DOTCOM,.

>> WHAT SUS ALLOWING THE TOP BREYER ACCOMPLISH.

>> WE OPEN IT UP BECAUSE YOU MENTIONED DOT GOV THAT IS ONLY USABLE BY THE UNITED STATES GOFF GOVERNMENT HERE. AND OTHER GOVERNMENTS DON'T HAVE THOSE SAME CHOICE, THEY WOULD LIKE TO. THE INTERNET IS USED BY 2 BILLION PEOPLE AROUND THE WORLD AND EVERYONE WOULD LIKE TO ENJOY EQUAL ACCESS SAZ DAN JAFFIE, WHY NOT IT SOUNDS LIKE IT WOULD MAKE IT EASY, USEFUL TO HAVE YOUR CORPORATE NAME AS YOUR TOP LINE DOMAIN, WHY NOT.

>> WE DON'T THINK THERE IS A PROBLEM WITH HAVING MORE TOP LEVEL DOMAINS. WE ARE VERY CONCERNED, HOWEVER, THAT THIS BASICALLY UNLIMITED INCREASE IN TOP LEVEL DOMAINS IS GOING TO IMPOSE ENORMOUS COSTS ON BUSINESS, COSTS THAT WILL BASICALLY MEAN THAT PEOPLE WILL BE BUYING THEIR OWN TRADEMARKS TO PROTECT THEM AGAINST OTHERS WHO MAY HARM THEM. AND IT'S GOING TO BE A SERIOUS PROBLEM FOR CONSUMERS. WHAT WE ARE TALKING ABOUT HERE, AND MR. BECKSTROM SAID THIS AT A MEETING YESTERDAY IS THAT SOME PEOPLE ARE ESTIMATING THAT WE ARE GOING TO GO FROM 22 TOP LEVEL DOMAINS TO AS MANY AS 4,000 DOMAINS WITHIN ONE YEAR AND THEN AFTER THAT, WHO KNOWS. AND WE ALSO KNOW THAT TO THE LEFT OF THE DOT WHICH IS THE SECONDARY DOMAINS, INCREASE FAR MORE THAN THAT AT THE PRESENT TIME THERE IS MORE THAN 100 MILLION SECONDARY DOMAINS IN THIS 22 TOP LEVEL DOMAIN SITUATION. WHAT HAPPENS WHEN YOU HAVE HUNDREDS, THOUSANDS OF NEW DO MANS. THIS IS GOING TO CREATE ENORMOUS PROBLEMS FOR THOSE WHO TRY TO MONITOR THE INTERNET AGAINST INTERNET CRIME.

>> Suarez: HOW ABOUT THAT HAVEN'T COMPANIES SPENT A LOT OF TIME, MONEY AND OUTREACH BUILDING PART OF THEIR CORPORATE IDENTITY AROUND A NAME LIKE CNN.COM, EXPEDIA.COM. DOESN'T THIS FORCE THEM TO HAVE TO REBRAND WHEN THEY DON'T REALLY WANT TO?

>> NOBODY HAS TO REBRAND. THIS IS ENTIRELY OFFERING MORE CHOICES. AND I WANT TO CORRECT THE RECORD HERE THERE ARE NOT 4,000 A YEAR. THERE IS A BOARD RESOLUTION WHERE THE MAXIMUM NUMBER IS 1,000 PER YEAR THAT CAN BE ADDED TO THE INTERNET. AND THERE ARE MANY COMPANIES THAT ARE INTERESTED. IF YOU READ "THE WALL STREET JOURNAL" ARTICLE YESTERDAY WILL YOU SEE MANY ENTREPRENEURS THAT ARE LOOKING AT STARTING NEW BUSINESSES AND OFFERING NEW SERVICES WITH NEW IDEAS WITH NEW TOP LEVEL DOMAINS. NO EXISTING COMPANIES HAVE TO GO APPLY FOR A NEW TOP LEVEL DOMAIN. IT'S AN OPTION FOR THEM TO CONSIDER.

>> Suarez: ABOUT WHAT DID DAN JAFFIE'S POINT THAT FOR YEARS SOME SPECULATORS HAVE BEEN BUYING DOMAIN NAMES NOT BECAUSE THEY WANT TO USE THEM BUT BECAUSE THEY WANT TO SELL THEM TO PEOPLE WHO REALLY NEED THEM. EVEN BUYING THE NAMES OF WELL-KNOWN PRODUCTS AND COMPANIES SO THAT SOME DAY DOWN THE ROAD WHEN THAT COMPANY MAY WANT IT, THEY WILL HAVE TO BE THE ONES TO SELL IT TO THEM.

>> THE SMARTEST INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY ATTORNEYS IN THE WORLD HAVE BEEN WRESTLING OVER THIS PROGRAM FOR SIX YEARS. AND HAVE ADDED NINE DIFFERENT COMPONENTS TO PROVIDE PROTECTION FORCE TRADEMARK HOLDERS. SO THAT THAT KIND OF ACTIVITY IS DISCOURAGED TO THE GREATEST EXTENT POSSIBLE.

>> AND DAN JAFFIE, DOESN'T THAT 185,000 PRICE TAG DISCOURAGE SQUATTERS WHERE YOU COULD HAVE BOUGHT A DOMAIN NAME PRETTY CHEAPLY ONCE UPON A TIME, THAT'S PRETTY HIGH TABLE STAKES FOR SOMEBODY WHO WANTS TO BUY IT ON SPEC.

>> IT IS CERTAINLY SOMETHING THAT RAISES THE COST AND IN FACT TOP LEVEL DOMAIN SELLERS HAVE SAID IF YOU WANT A TOP LEVEL DOMAIN, IN FACT, YOU MIGHT NEED IT UP TO 800,000 DOLLARS TO A MILLION DOLLARS AT MINIMUM, FOR ALL OF THE VARIOUS COSTS THAT WOULD BE INVOLVED. AND THAT WOULD HAVE NOTHING TO DO WITH THE SITUATION WHERE YOU HAVE AN AUCTION WHERE PEOPLE ARE FIGHTING OVER A NAME WHICH CAN GO INTO THE MULTIMILLIONS OF DOLLARS. BUT THERE IS A GROUP CALLED CREEDO THE COALITION FOR RESPONSIBLE INTERNET DOMAIN OVERSIGHT WHICH REPRESENTS 161 ASSOCIATIONS, GROUPS AND COMPANIES THAT ARE OPPOSING THIS ROLLOUT AS PREMATURE, WHO ALL BELIEVE THAT THIS IS GOING TO CREATE MAJOR PRESSURES ON COMPANIES TO DO DEFENSIVE REGISTRATION OR DRAMATICALLY INCREASE THE AMOUNT OF TRACKING THAT THEY WILL HAVE TO DO OF THE INTERNET AND COST THEM MILLIONS OF DOLLARS IN THAT REGARD. AND THEY HAVE STRONGLY SAID THAT IT WOULD BE PREMATURE TO ROLL THIS OUT AT THIS TIME. AND ANOTHER POINT THAT IS VERY SIGNIFICANT IS THERE ARE SUBSTANTIAL HOLES IN THE SYSTEM. THAT HAVE BEEN POINTED OUT BY THE FEDERAL TRADE COMMISSION, BY OTHER POLICE ORGANIZATIONS AROUND THE WORLD. BY THE INTERAGENCY ORGANIZATIONS.

>> WHAT KIND OF HOLE DOES YOU MEAN, JUST SO WE KNOW.

>> VERY, VERY SERIOUS SITUATIONS WHERE IF YOU START, ONE OF THE PROTECTIONS HAS BEEN BUILT NOT SITUATION OR ALLEGED PROTECTIONS THAT HAS BEEN BUILT NOT SYSTEM IS SOMETHING CALLED A-- APPROACH WHICH WOULD GIVE YOU MORE INFORMATION, SUPPOSEDLY ABOUT WHO ACTUALLY OWNS AN IP ADDRESS, AN INTERNET ADDRESS. BUT WHEN YOU GO AND LOOK AT IT YOU FIND NAMES LIKE MICKEY MOUSE OR DONALD DUCK OR GOD OR BILL CLINTON BUT IT'S NOT BILL CLINTON WHO IS BEHIND IT AND YOU CAN'T GET BEHIND THOSE NAMES TO FIND THIS OUT. THIS IS WHY THE FTC WROTE A LETTER TO ICAN AND SAID THE UNPRECEDENTED DOMAIN REGISTRIES ONLY INCREASES THE RISK OF A LAWLESS FRONTIER IN WHICH BAD ACTORS VIOLATION CONTRACT PROVISIONS WITH IMPUNIT IMPUNITY-- IMPUNITY ULTIMATELY HARMING CONSUMERS.

>> THIS PROGRAM HAS BEEN DEVELOPED BY THE GLOBAL INTERNET COMMUNITY AND I UNDERSTAND YOU ARE REPRESENTING THE INTERESTS OF ADVERTISING COMPANIES, ONE CATEGORY OF ENTITIES, PRIMARILY IN AMERICA. BUT WE HAVE TO LOOK AT THE GLOBAL PICTURE. SIX YEARS HAVE BEEN SPENT TO ADD ADDITIONAL PROTECTIONS. FOR EXAMPLE, YOU CAN'T APPLY FOR A TOP LEVEL DOMAIN THAT WOULD BE A TYPE OF SQUATTING DOMAIN. WE WOULD NEVER APPROVE IT YOU HAVE TO DEMONSTRATE WHAT YOU ARE GOING TO USE IT FOR AND EXPLAIN YOUR USE SO ACTUALLY IT COULD HELP REDUCE THE TYPE OF SQUATTING.

>> Suarez: WHAT ABOUT THE NOTION THAT THE WHO IS PART, IS STILL PRETTY PORE OUST, YOU CAN BUY A BILL CLINTON DOMAIN AND NOT BILL CLINTON.

>> WE CAN BRING TO THIS TABLE LAW ENFORCEMENT WHICH I HAVE TREMENDOUS RESPECT FOR. I HAVE WORKED FOR LAW ENFORCEMENT IN THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT AND BRING IN THE PRIVACY GROUPS AND CIVIL RIGHTS AND CIVIL LIBERTIES AND THEY ARE NOT GOING TO AGREE HOW IT SHOULD BE IMPLEMENTED. ONE GROUP WANTS PRIVACY, ANOTHER MORE LAW ENFORCEMENT. THE ICAN COMMUNITY BRINGS TOGETHER THESE PARTIES TO BRING TOGETHER CONSENSUS VIEWS AND DOCUMENTS. WE OPEN PUBLIC COMMENT PERIOD ON HOW WE CAN IMPROVE SOME OF OUR AGREEMENTS RELATED TO WHO IS, AND WE ARE IN NEGOTIATIONS RIGHT NOW. AND THESE THINGS ARE PROCESSES THAT ARE ONGOING. AND THERE ARE IMPROVEMENTS IN THIS PROGRAM THAT THE PREVIOUS PROGRAMS DIDN'T HAVE.

>> QUICKLY BEFORE WE G I WANT TO HEAR FROM BOTH OF YOU. THIS IS A WORLD THAT SO FAR UP UNTIL TODAY HAS BEEN MANAGED WITH A MINIMUM OF GOVERNMENT INTERFERENCE FROM GOVERNMENTS AROUND THE WORLD. CAN IT CONTINUE TO BE SO MR. SAVVY.

>> WE THINK THAT IS THE RIGHT APPROACH.

>> THANK YOU.

>> YOU'RE WELCOME. WE ARE ONE OF THE STRONGEST SUPPORTERS OF SELF-REGULATION, WHERE IT WORKS. WHERE, IN FACT, THE REAL CONCERNS ARE MET. BUT WE'RE FINDING, YOU KNOW, THE U.N., NATO, WHO, IGO GROUPS, 38 OF THESE GROUPS, NOT FOR PROFITS, FTC, THE WHOLE OF THE BUSINESS COMMUNITY THAT IS VERY CONCERNED ABOUT THIS AND SAYS THAT THERE ARE SERIOUS HOLES, YOU WOULDN'T ASK SOMEBODY TO COME ON A SHIP AND BE ABLE TO SAY THERE ARE HOLES IN THAT SHIP AND BY THE WAY IT SHOULD COST YOU MILLIONS OF DOLLARS TO BUY YOUR WAY ON TO GET THAT TICKET. AND THEN SAY STAY OUT. WE THINK THIS IS VERY, VERY RECKLESS.

>> RAY THERE ARE NO EASY HOLES THAT COULD BE FIXED IN THIS PROGRAM. THAT'S WHY IT TOOK SIX YEARS OF MANY OF THE SMARTEST PEOPLE IN THE WORLD HAGGLING OVER PARAGRAPHS AND DETAILS. THE RULE BOOK IS 300 PAGES OF DOCUMENTATION. VERY WELL THOUGHT OUT PROGRAM. IN FACT ONE OF YOUR ATTORNEYS YESTERDAY SAID WELL, WHY DON'T YOU GO ON A-- AND SOL OF IT.

>> I SAID IF YOU THINK YOU CAN SOLVE THAT IN TEN MINUTES, I INVITE YOU, PLEASE COME TO OUR NEXT PUBLIC MEETING IN COSTA RICA, SIT DOWN WITH LAW ENFORCEMENT, THE CIVIL SOCIETY GROUPS, GOVERNMENT, COME UP WITH A SOLUTION. THE REALITY IS THESE ARE TOUGH PROBLEMS BECAUSE, AND HERE'S WHY, THE INTERNET IT, THERE IS ONE INTERNET FOR ONE WORLD. THE SYSTEM HAS IN-- INTEGRITY. THE TRADEMARK SYSTEM IS DIVIDE MOOD CATEGORIES AND GEOGRAPHIES. ANY TRADEMARK TERM YOU TAKE COULD BE HUNDREDS OR EVEN THOUSANDS OF LEGITIMATE DIFFERENT OWNERS IN THE WORLD. AND THE DOMAIN NAME SYSTEM EVERY NAME IS EXACTLY UNIQUE SO THAT THE E-MAILS WHEN THEY ARE SENT TO YOU GET JUST TO YOU, AND NOT TO FIVE OVER PEOPLE. BECAUSE THAT WOULD FRACTURE THE INTERNET. I CAN ASK TO NAME THAT INTEGRITY.

>> Suarez: GENTLEMEN, THANK YOU BOTH.

>> THANK YOU SO MUCH.

>> Woodruff: AGAIN, THE MAJOR DEVELOPMENTS OF THE DAY: U.S. AND AFGHAN OFFICIALS DENOUNCED A VIDEO THAT APPEARS TO SHOW U.S. MARINES DESECRATING THE CORPSES OF TALIBAN FIGHTERS. HAITI MARKED A NATIONAL DAY OF REMEMBRANCE, TWO YEARS AFTER THE EARTHQUAKE THAT KILLED 316,000 PEOPLE. AND IRAN'S SUPREME LEADER VOWED REVENGE ON THOSE WHO KILLED AN IRANIAN NUCLEAR SCIENTIST YESTERDAY. ONLINE, WE CONTINUE OUR COVERAGE OF HAITI, TWO YEARS AFTER THE EARTHQUAKE. HARI SREENIVASAN EXPLAINS. HARI?

>> Sreenivasan: ON THE RUNDOWN, FIND AN UPDATE ON THE CHOLERA EPIDEMIC AND A STORY ABOUT A FAMILY REBUILDING ITS HOME. WE FOLLOW UP ON OUR STORY ABOUT SYRIAN SPIES IN THE U.S. THROUGH THE PUBLIC INSIGHT NETWORK, SEVERAL SYRIAN AMERICANS SHARE THEIR STORIES. IT'S SCIENCE THURSDAY. SEE A SLIDESHOW OF GIANT GALAXY CLUSTERS, ALIEN PLANETS, DUST CLOUDS AND MORE. THAT'S ON OUR SCIENCE PAGE. AND ON ART BEAT, WE TALK WITH BLUEGRASS LEGEND DOC WATSON. ALL THAT AND MORE IS ON OUR WEB SITE: newshour.pbs.org. JEFF?

>> Brown: AND THAT'S THE "NEWSHOUR" FOR TONIGHT. I'M JEFFREY BROWN.

>> Woodruff: AND I'M JUDY WOODRUFF. WE'LL SEE YOU ONLIN AND AGAIN HERE TOMORROW EVENING WITH MARK SHIELDS AND DAVID BROOKS, AMONG OTHERS. THANK YOU AND GOOD NIGHT. MAJOR FUNDING FOR THE PBS NEWSHOUR HAS BEEN PROVIDED BY: AND BY THE ALFRED P. SLOAN FOUNDATION. SUPPORTING SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, AND IMPROVED ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE AND FINANCIAL LITERACY IN THE 21ST CENTURY. AND WITH THE ONGOING SUPPORT OF THESE INSTITUTIONS AND FOUNDATIONS. AND... THIS PROGRAM WAS MADE POSSIBLE BY THE CORPORATION FOR PUBLIC BROADCASTING. AND BY CONTRIBUTIONS TO YOUR PBS STATION FROM VIEWERS LIKE YOU. THANK YOU. Captioning sponsored by MacNEIL/LEHRER PRODUCTIONS Captioned by Media Access Group at WGBH access.wgbh.org

>> THIS IS "BBC WORLD NEWS AMERICA." FUNDING FOR THIS PRESENTATION IS MADE POSSIBLE BY -- THE FREEMAN FOUNDATION OF NEW YORK, STOWE, VERMONT, AND HONOLULU NEWMAN'S OWN FOUNDATION FOCUS FEATURES AND UNION BANK.

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