The NewsHour With Jim Lehrer : WETA : November 20, 2009 7:00pm-8:00pm EST; The NewsHour With Jim Lehrer

Captioni sponsored by McNEIL/LEHRER PRODUCTIONS

>> Lehrer: GOOD EVENING I'M JIM LEHRER. ON THE EWSHOUR THIS FRIDAY, THE LEAD STORY-- NEW GUIDINES FOR CERVICAL CANCER SCREENING. BETTY ANN BOWSER BINS. THEN, AFTER THE OTHER NS OF THE DAY, MARGAREWARNER PUTS THEECOMMENDATIONS IN CONTT; SPENCER MICHELS DETLS THE BUDGETRUNCH AND CUTS AT CALIFORNIA'UNIVERSITIES. >I'M TO THE GOING TO BE ABLE TO GO TO SCHOOL NT YEAR.

>> Lehrer: MARK IELDS AND MICHA GERSON, FILLING IN FOR VID BROOKS, OFFER THEIR ANALYSIS; AND JEFFREY BRN EXAMINES AN OPAH ENDING AND BEGINNING.

>> I LOVE THIS OW. THIS SHOW H BEEN MY LIFE. AND I LOVE IENOUGH TO KNOW WHEN 'S TIME TO SAY GOOD-BYE. MAJOR FUNDING FOR THE WSHOUR WITH JIM LRER IS PROVIDED BY:

>> WH THE WORLD NEEDS NOW IS ENERGY. THE ENERGTO GET THE ECONOMY HUMMING AGAI HE ENERGY TO TACKLE CHALLENG LIKE CLATE CHANGE. WHAT IF THAT ENERGY CA FROM AN ENERGY COMPANY? EVERY DA, CHEVRON INVESTS $62 MILLION INEOPLE, IN IDEAS-- SEEKING, TEAING, BUILDING. FUING GROWTH AROUNTHE WORLD TO MOVE US ALL AHEAD. THISS THE POWER OF HUMAN ENERGY. CHEVRON.

>> WE ARE INTE SPONSORS OF MORROW. WELLS FAO ADVISORS. TOGHER, WE'LL GO FAR.

>> AND BY BNSF RAILWA AND MOANTO. AND BY TOTA. GRANT THORNTON.

>> AND BY THE BILAND MELINDA GAT FOUNDATION. DICATED TO THE IDEA THAT ALL PEOPLE DESEE THE CHANCE TO IVE A HEALTHY PRODUCTIVE LE. AND WITH THE OOING SUPPORT OF THESE INITUTIONS AND FOUNDATIONS. AND... THIS PROGR WAS MADE POSSIBLE Y THE CORPORATION FOR PUBLIC BROADSTING. AND BY CORIBUTIONS TO YOUR PBS STATION FROM VIEWERS LI YOU. THANK YOU

>> Lehrer: MEDICAL EXRTS RECOMMENDED NEW GUIDENES TODAY ON TEING FOR CERVICAL CANCER. IT WAS THE SECOND MAJOR CHGE THIS WEEK INLVING CANCER SCREING IN WOMEN. NEHOUR HEALTH CORRESPONDENT BETTY ANN BOWSERAS OUR LEAD STO REPORT.

>> Reporter: FOR YEARSAMERICAN WOMEN HAVE BEEADVISED TO HAVE ROUTINPAP SMEARS TO SCREEN FOR CERVICAL CELL ABNORMALITIES D FOR H..V., THE HUMAN PAPILLOM VIRUS. IT CAUSES RVICAL CANCER AND WILL BE RESPONSIBLEOR MORE THAN 11,000 CASES D 4,000 DEATHS ITHE U.S. THIS YEAR ALONE. BUT TODAY, T AMERICAN COLLEGE OF OBSTETRICIANS ND GYNECOLOGISTS OFFER NEW GUIDELINES. THEY ROMMEND THAT: WOM WAIT UNTIL THEY ARE 21 YES OLD BEFORE HAVING THEIR FIRST PAP SMEAR TEST, WHETHEOR NOT THEY ARE SEXUALLY TIVE; THAT WOMEAGED 21 TO 29 GET TESTED EVERY 2 YEARS,NSTEAD OF ANNUALL D THAT THOSE 30 AND OLDER WI THREE CONSECUTIVE NORMALAP RESULTS SHOULD GET REENED EVERY THREE YEARS. WOMEN BETWEEN 65 AND 70AN QUIT HAVING THE TES ENTIRELY, IF THEY'VE HAD 3 OR MOR CONSECUTIVE NEGATIVE TESTS D 10 YEA WITH NO ABNORMAL RESULTS. IN EFFECT, . DEBORAH SMITH AYS, THERE WAS TOO MUCH RISK FOR TOO LITT GAIN IN THE OLD UIDELINES. SHE'S A FELLOW AT THE AMERAN COLLEGE OF OTETRICIANS AND GYNECOLOGISTS, ANA PRACTICING GYNOLOGIST HERSELF.

>> OVER THE PAST 10- YEARS, THE'S BEEN MORE AGGRESSIVE REATMENT OF PRE-CANCEROUS LESIONS, OR LESIONS THAT WOD NOT DEVELOP INTO CAER. LESIONS THAT AREHANGES IN THE AP SMEAR, BUT DON'T ACTUALLY PROGRESS TO DEVELING CERVICAL CANCER. AND WT WE'VE FOUND OUT IS THA WHEN YOUNG WOMEN ARE SUECTED TO THE TREATMENT, IT ACTUALLY DAMAGED THE RVIX.

>> Reporter: T REACTION TODAY AMONG DOCTORSND PATIENTS WE TALKED TO WAS MIXED.

>> SO, I WANTEDO TALK TO YOU A LITTLEIT ABOUT T NEW PAP SMEAR SCREENINGECOMMENDATION.

>> Rorter: DR. NANCY GABA IS AN OBSTETRICI AND GYNECOLOGIST IN WASHINGTON, D.C. SHE AEADY ADVISES PATIENTS IN THEIR 30'S TO GET AAP SMEAR EVERY THREE YEARS ASONG AS THEY'VEAD A NORMAL PAP AND NEGATIVE HPV TEST.

>> CERVICAL NCER, AND IT'S PRECURSORS, ARE ACTUALLY AERY SLOWLY PROGRESSIVE SEASE. SO BY SPADING OUT THE IERVALS BETWEEN SCREENINGS, YOU'RE NOREALLY COMPROMISING THE PATIENT'CARE, BECAUSE IT'S VERY UNLIKELY THERE WOD BE ANYTHING SIGNIFICANT DIFFERENT FROM ONE YEAR TO THE NEXT, EVEN TWO YEARS.

>> Reporter: DESPITE THCHANGE TO THEIR ROUTINE, SEVERAL PATIENTS SAID IT MAS SENSE.

>> I FEEL VERYOMFORTABLE WITH MY PHYSICIAN, AND IF S RECOMMENDS THAT, BECAUSEF MY AGE AND MY MEDICAL HISTORY,HAT I ONLY NEED PAP SMEAR EVERY HREE YEARS, THEN I'M COMFORTABLE WITH THAT.

>> ReporterTHIS IS THE SECOND TIME THIS WEEK TH A PANEL OF XPERTS HAS MADE MAJOR RECOMMENDATIONS OUT WOMEN'S HEALTH SCREENI FOR CANCER. ON TUESY, A GOVERNMENT APPOINTETASK FORCE ADVISED OMEN UNDER 50 TO SCALE BACK ROUTINE MAMMOGRA.

>> I THINK WE WOULD BEATE IN DIAGNOSING CERVICAL CANC IN A MBER OF PATIENTS THAT MIGHT HAVE HAD IT DIAGNOSEDOONER.

>> Reporter:AND DR. RICHARD BECKERMAN, WHO HAS BEEN TATING WASHINGTON, SAYS HE UERSTANDS THSCIENCE BEHIND THE NEW SCREING GUIDELINES, BUT HE WORRIES IT WILL DRIVE PIENTS AWAY.

>> WHEN YOU'RE LOOKINAT WOMEN UNDER0 A LOT USE ME AS THEIR PRIMARY CARE PHICIAN SO I'M THE LY ONE WHO IS DOING THEIR BREAST, PELVIS EXINATIONS, SOMIMES CHECKING THEIR LAB WORK, LISTENG TO THE HEART AND LUNGS, CHECKING THEIRLOOD PRESSUR I HINK WE'RE GOING TO LOSE A LOT OF WOMEN,O FOLLOW UP IF THEY WERE OTHERWISE COMING ON A REGULAR SIS.

>> porter: 26-YEAR-OLD ELLEN ROCKOWEHAS HER CONCERNS.

>> YOU KNOWF YOU CATCH IT EALY ON THINGS ARE GONNA BE OK IF YOU DON'T CAT IT, LEADS TO MO PROBLEMS, SO IF THERE'S N ENOUGH SCREENINTHAT MIGHT JUST MAKE FOR MORE PROBLEMS.

>> Reporter: THE ERICAN COLLEGE OF OBSTETRICIA AND GYNECOLOGISTS SAITODAY THERE'S MORE TO ROUTINE EXAMSHAN JUST A PAP SMEAR, AND IT URGEDOMEN TO CONTINUE GETTG REGULAR CHECKS.

>> Lehrer: WE'LL HAVE MOREN CANCER SCREENG LATER IN THE OGRAM. IN OTH NEWS TODAY, SENATE DEMOCRATS WON OVER A K MODERATE AS THETRY TO BRING HEALTH CARE REFORMO THE FLOOR. SENATOR BEN NELS OF NEBRASKA SAID WOULD VOTE TO BEGIN DEBATE ON THE BILL. ITS ESTIMATED TO COST $848 BILLION OVER 10 YES. MAJORITY WHIP DICK DUIN WOULD NOT SAY YET IHE HAS THE 60 VOTES TO OVERCOME RUBLICAN OPPOSITION AND BRING UP T BILL.

>> I HAVE ONLY BEEN ASD 30 OR 40 TIMES, DOOU HAVE THE 60 VOTES. WE'RE NOT ASSUMI A THING. 'RE WORKING HARD TO BRING ALL MOCRATS TOGETHER FOR THE 60 VOTES NECESSARTO PROCEED TO THIS HISTIC DEBATE. IT WOULDE A REAL BREAK IF ONE REPUBLICAN WOULD JOIUS AND S YES, THIS IS AN ISSUE WORTH DEBATING.

>> Lehrer: REPUBLICAN

>> Lehrer: REPUBLICAN JOKYL CHARGED THE DEMOCRATIC BILL TOO EXPENSIVE, AND CUTSEDICARE AND EXPANDS GOVERNMENTOO MUCH. HE SAID SENATE MAJORY LEADER REID IS PUSHINGOMETHING THE PUBLIC DOES N WANT.

>> IN VIEW OF AT, IT WOULD BE OUR HOPE TH OUR MORE MODERATE COLLEUES ON THE DEMOCRATIC SIDE WOULD RESPECT THE WISHESF THEIR CONSTIENTS, RATHER THAN DO T BIDDING OF HARRY REID. BECAUSE AT THE END OF THE DAY, THISEALTH CARE LEGISLATION LL IMPACT EVERYMERICAN IN EXTRAORDINARY WS. AND WE BELIEVIN VERY NETIVE WAYS.

>> Lehrer: THVOTE ON ALLOWING SENA DEBATE TO BEGIN ON THE BILL IS TENTATIVELY SET FOR TOMORROW NIGHT. THE SENATE ETHICS COMMITTEE S ADMONISHED SENATOR ROLAND BRIS FOR "MISLEADING" STATEMENTS THE ILLINS DEMOCRAT FILLS THE SEAT OE HELD BY PRESIDENT OBAMA. BUT HE HAS GIVEN CHGING VERSIONS OF HICONTACTS WITH THE MAN WHO APPOINT HIM. GOVERNOR ROD BLAGOJEVI WAS ATER OUSTED OVER ALLEGATIONSE TRIED TO SELL THE EAT. THE U.S. AND 5 OTHER NATIO URGED IRAN TOD TO RECONSIDER A U.N. PROPOSAL OITS NUCLEAR PROAM. THE IRANI REGIME BALKED THIS WEEK AT SHPING MUCH OF ITS URAUM ABROAD FOR ADDITIONAL PROCESSING. IN BEIN, GERMANY, THE HEAD OF THE U.N. NUCLEAR AGENCY, MOHED EL BADEI, SAID HE STILL SEES ROOM FOR A DEAL.

>> I WOULD HOPE DEFINILY THAT WE LL GET AN AGRMENT BEFORE THE END OF THE YEAR. AND THAT ISHAT I THINK, U KNOW, A NUMBER OF PARERS HAVE INDICATED THAT, YOU KNOW, THEY WOULLIKE TO VE IRAN AN OPPORTUNITY TO ENGAGE AT THE END OF THE YEAR. I WOULD HATE TO SEE THAT ARE MONG BACK TO SANCTIONS

>> Lehrer: IN WASNGTON, A STATE DEPARTMENT SPOKESMAN SD E U.S. HAS NOT GIVEN UP HOPE OF AN AGREEMENT IN AFGHANISTAN, A ICIDE BOMBER KILLED 16 PEOPLE, ANDOUNDED AT LEAST3 MORE. THE ATTACKER BLEW HSELF UP ON A MOTORCYCLE IN THE WTERN CITY F FARAH. IT HAPPENED 5YARDS FROM THE PROVINCIAL VERNOR'S COMPOUND. SEPARATELY, A WMAKER WITH CLOSE TIES TO PRIDENT KARZAI ESCAPED BEING KILLED WN HIS CONVOY WABOMBED. OFFICIALS PAKISTAN REPORTED A SSILE STRIKE BY AN UNMANNED U.S. DRONE KLED EIGHT MILITAS. THE TARGET WAS A TALIBAN COMPOUND IN THE NTHWEST. THE STRIKCAME AS PAKISTANI PRME MINISTER GILANI MET WITH VISITINGIA DIRECTOR LEON ANETTA. GILANI WARNED AN INFLUX OF.S. TROOPS INFGHANISTAN COULD PUSH MORE IURGENTS ACROSS THE BORDETO PAKISTAN. THE WORST OODING IN MEMORY ENGFED PARTS OF BRITAIN TODAY. THE HEAVIEST RAIEVER RECORDED IN NOHERN ENGLAND FELL ON THE LAKE DISTRICT, ESPECIALLY AUND THEOWN OF COCKERMOUTH. HAVE A REPORT FROM JANE DEH OF IEPENDENT TELEVISN NEWS. IT WAS A WORST-CASE SCENARIO, THISAS BEYOND WHAT ANYONE HERCOULD BELIEVE. HUNDDS OF PEOPLE LIFTED OFF THE ROOFS OF THR HOMES. DOWN BELOW THE WATER ROSEO EIGHFEET. IT WAS SURNG THROUGH STREETS AND HOUSEAT 20 KNOTS MAKING IT TOO NGEROUS FOR BOATS TO GET TO PEOPLE. OVER AR THE COAST POLEMAN BILL BARKER WAS WORKING ON A BRIDGE OV THE VER WHEN THE BRIDGE BUCKLED AND HE WAS SWEPT AWAY. IT CAME AFTEA DESPERATE AND FRIGHTENING NHT HERE. AREA HELICOPTE WERE WORKINGN THE PITCH-BLACK AND 90 LE AN HOUR WINDS WHILE LIFE BOATS AND MOUNTA RESCUE TEAMS REACHED PEOPLE WHERTHEY COULD. EVEN NOW 24 HOURS AFTER TH MAINA, THE VER IS STILL ABSOLUTELY TEARI THROUGHi THE TOWN. AND YOUAN IMAGINE HOW FRIGHTENING IT ULD HAVE BEEWHEN IT POURED OVER THAT WALL ANWENT INTO OPLE'S HOUSES AT CHEST HEIGHT IT IS EASY TO DERSTAND WHY MANY OTHEM HAD TO BE RESCUED FROTHEIR ROOFS BY THOSE SEA KING HELOPTERS. E GOVERNMENT HAS PROMISED CAMBRIA IT WILL HP PAY FOR THE CLEANUP.

>> ABOVE A CERTAIN THRSHOLD WE PICK UP 90% OF THEOST OF THAT. SO IT DEPENSD, IT'EARLY DAYS T BECAUSE WE'RE TO THGOING TO KNOW EXACTLY HOW MUCH THE ST WILL BE. UNTIL THE FLOODWATS RECEDE AND PPLE CAN REALLY ASSESS THE DAMAGE. BUT WE'VE ACTIVATED IT TOD IN ROGNITION OF THE SERIOUSNESS OF THI EMERGENCY.

>> Reporter: AND THIS EMERGENCY ISN'T OVER THE F WAS STILL TRYING TO ACH PEOPLE WHO WERE TRAPPED THIS AFTERNOON. AND HANGING OVER ERYONE IS THE AWFUL THOUG THAT THE AREA COD HAVE TO GO THROUGH ALL OF THIS AIN. MORE AVY RAIN IS FORECAST TONIGHT. >>ehrer: THERE WAS ALSO WIDE CRYSTAL BMAN UCLA STUDENT "I'M

>> Lehrer: THERE WAS ALSO WIDESPREAD FLOODININ SCOTLAND ANDRELAND. ON WALL STREET TODAY, THDOW JONES INDUSTRIAL AVERAGEOST 14 POINTS TO CLO AT 10,318. THE NDAQ FELL MORE THAN 10 POINTS TO CLOSAT 2146. FOR THE WEEKTHE DOW GAINED HALF A PERCENT. THE NASDAQ FELL O PERCENT. AND STILL COME ON THE NEWOUR TONIGHT: COLLEGEUTBACKS; SHIELDS AND GERSON; ANDPRAH SAYS GOODBYE. AT FOLLOWS CONTEXT FOR HE NEW RECOMMENDATIONS ON CERVICAL CANCER SCREENING. MARGARET WARNERS IN CHARGE.

>> Wner: SCIENCE AND MEDICINE HAVE LONG GRAPPLED WITH T TRADE-OFFS INVOLVEIN CANCER SCREENING. WHAT'S NOT CLEARS WHETHER TODAY'S NEW PAP SMEAR UIDELINES, COUPLED WITH ANOTR PANEL'S RECOMMENDAONS EARLIER THIS WEEK SCALE BACK AMMOGRAMS FOR WOMEN UNDER 50 MARKN IMPORTANT MILESTONE IN THAT DEBATE. WE EXPLORE THAT NOW WITH: DR. DOUGLAS MEROW OF GEORGETOWN UNIVERSITY. HE'S FORMER ASSISTANT SURGEON GENERALND CHIEF SCIENTIST AT RTI INTERNATIONAL, A REARCH INSTITUTI. AND DR. JULIGRALOW OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF INICAL ONCOLOGY, AND SHE IS THE DIRECTOR OF BREASTNCOLOGY AT THE SEATTLE NCER CARE ALLIANCE. O WELLCOME TO YOBOTH. DOCT, THE FACT THAT WE'VE HAD THESE TWO NEW TS OF GUIDELINES IN THE SAME WE, IS IN ST A COINCIDENCE OR THERE SOME NEW THINKING GOING ON MOREROADLY ABOUT HOW TO AT LEAST WEIGH THE ADE-OFFS IN CANCER SCREENING?

>> WELL, THANSWER TO YOUR QUSTION IS IT'S A COINIDENCE. TWO DIFRENT ORGANIZATIONS. THEY HAVE NOTHING TO DO WI EACH OTHER. THEY CE OUT WITH THESE AT THAT TIME. BUT YOU'RE RIGHT. IT RAISES THE POIN WHAT IS A OD SCREENING TEST AND WHO GETS IAND WHEN DO YOU GET IT.

>> OKAY. HOWOULD YOU DEFINE THAT? AND IS THE -- IS THERE A CSENSUS EMERGING THAT MABE, THIS SEEMS TO FLY IN THE FACE OEVERYTHING WE'VE BEEN TOLD ABOUT THVALUE OF PRVENTIVE SCREENING, PREVENTI CARE, EARLY. HODO YOU JIBE THOSE TWO?

>> LL, IT'S NICE TO THINK THAT ALL PREVENTION IS GOO BUT THE ANSR IS IT ISN'T. YOU NEED TO HAVE A OVE ENTEST. AND YOU NEED TO HAVE A DISEASE THAT AMENABLE TO SCREENING. BOTTHESE CASES, BREAST CANCEAND CERVICAL CANCER WE HAVE A ST THAT IS PRETTY GOOD AT BEING SCREED, USUALLY A LONG ASYMPTOMATIC. ESPECIALLY IN CERVIC CANCER. BUT YOU HAVE TO HAVE AN ACCURATE SCREENING TEST

>> DOCTOR, WHAT IS YOUR THOUGHT ABOUT THEORT OF BROADER MESSAGE FROM THES TWO W GUIDELINES THIS WK?

>> I THINK AN IMPORTANT MESSAGE IS THAT W NEED TO BE TAING TO OUR INDIVIDUAL PATIENTSBOUT THE RISKS AND BEFITS TO BE GAINED AND TO BE LOST WITHLL OF THESE PREDURES. I THINKHESE ARE TWO VERY FFERENT CASES, CERVICAL CANCER, PICKEUP BY A PAP SMER IS FOUND AS USULY A VERY PREINVASIVPHASE THAT WILL TAKE MANY YEARS TO EVOLVE INTA DANGEROUS INVASIVE CANCER. AND THESE GUIDELINES TODAY DON'T REALLY SURISE US. WE HAVE LOT OF NEW INFORMATION THAT HAS CME INTO PLAY SIE SOME OF THE OLDER GUIDELINES REFCTING ANNUALCREENING PAP SMEARS WERE MA.

>> BUT YOU FEEIT IS DIFFERENT TH BREAST NCER.

>> BREAST CANCER WE'VE T GOOD, SOLID RANDOMED TRIALS OF MAOGRAPHY OR NOT THAT SHOW AT WE SAVE LIVES. MO BREAST CANCERS PICKED UP ON MAMMOGRAMS ARE ALREA INVASIVE. MEANING THEY CAN SPREAD THROUGHOUT THE BODY AD THEY CAN LEAD TO DEATH. WE DON'T HAVES LONG A PRECLINICAL PHA AS WE DO IN CERVICAL CCER WHERE WE C WATCH IT FOR A WHILE OR WE CAN HA A FEW YEARS. MOST BRET CANCERS PICKED UPEVEN BIANNUAL SCREENING MAMMOGRAPHY HAVE ALREADY MOVED TO THENVASIVE, THE RISKY,IFE THREATENING PHASE.

>> SO DOCTOR, WHY WOULD THIS PANEL CONCLUDE TT FOR WOMENNDER 50 ROUTINE EXAMS AREOT INDICATED?

>> WELLI THINK YOU HEARD HEN YOU LAST TALKED ABOUT THIS WITH THE CO-AIR OF THEANEL, I'M NOT ON THIS PANEL, THAT THEY PROBABLY DIDN'T WORD EIR RECOMMENDATIONS AS WELL AS THEY COULD HAVE. AND TY DIDN'T SAY NOT TO SCREEN UNDER . WHT THEY SAID IS WHAT THE DOCTOR SA, IS THAT FOR THE BEST EVENCE, FOR WOMEN 50 AND OVER IS TO G ROUTINE MAMMOGRAMS, PRETTY MUCH EVERYBODY. BUTOR PEOPLE YOUNGER THAN THA WOMEN YOUNGER THAN THAT, THEY NEED TO TALKO THEIR DOCTORS AND DSCUSS IT SO THEY CAN UNDSTAND WHAT THE BENEFITS A AND WHAT THE SKS ARE.

>> I GUESS WHAT I'MSKING HERE THOUGH IS THERE A NFLICT BETWEEN AN APPROACH THAT SAYS THE STATISTICS SHOW THAT ONLY E CASE IN 1900 IN A WOMAN UNDER 50 ACTUALLY TNS INTO A FATAL FORM OF CANCER. SO THEREFORE COST BEFIT, RISKENEFIT ANALYSIS GGESTIONS DON'T DO THAT ROUTINEL AND OVE50 IT IS 1 IN 1300. THAT APPROACH VERSUS WHAT MA AMERICANS AND MANY HUMAN BEINGS FEEL WHH IS WE SHOU GO TO EVERY STEP WE CAN TO SAVE ERY, ANY LIFE WE CAN.

>> WELLI THINK THAT FIRST OF ALL IT'S NOT A DECADE KIND OF THIN TH WAS DONE FOR COENIENCE AND IT'S ARBITRARY. THE RISK IS A CONTUUM. AND I TNK EVERYONE AGREES ON WHAT THE SCIENCE SAYS WHICH IS AS YOU GET OER AS WOMAN, YOU ARE MORE LIKELY TO HE BREAST CANCER. AND YOUR BREASTARE EASIER TO EXAMINSO THE MAOGRAPHY IS BETTER AS YOU GET OLDER. BUT THAT SAID, YOU COULD HAVE ANY CHANCIN ONE IN A MLION YOU WOULDN'T DO IT, RIGHT. SO IF AT'S NOT SOMEING YOU DO IN O IN A MILLION, WHERE DO YOU DRAW THE LINE, THAT IS JUST THE QUESTIO IS IONE IN 14,000, 6,000, 200, WHERE DO YOURAW THE LINE.

>> DOCTOR? I THINK WE'RE ALL TRYING TO PRACTICE EVIDENCE-BED MEDICI HERE. BUT WHAT WHERE SEEING IS THAT DEPENDING ONOUR PERSPECTIVE, YOU VIETHE EVIDENCE, THE SCIENC DIFFERENTLY. IF YOU TAKE A PUBLIC HETH POLICY STANDPOINTHERE YOU ARE LOOKING AT W MANY EXAMS DO WEEED AND HOW NY BIOPSIES DO WE NEED TO DO TFIND A CASE OF BREAST CANCER, YOU WOULD WEI OUT LIKE THE U.S. PREVENVE SERVICES TASK FORCE. IF YOU ARE A CLINIAN IN THE TRENCHS WHO RUGGLES WITH IDENFYING WOMEN 40 TO 50 AND KNOWING WHO REALLY IS AT INCASED RISK, THEN YOU E PROBABLY GOING TO LEAN TOWARD DOINGHE SCREENING REGULARLY D ALL WOMEN BECAU WE DON'T KNOW HOW TO REALLY ASSESS RISKN THAT GRP VERY WELL.

>> WH DOES THE FUROR OVER THIS, DOCTOR, Y ABOUT THE PROSPECT OF SHAPING OUR HEALTH CARE DELIRY SYSTEM SO ITS, QUOTE, MORE EVIDENCE-BASED.

>> AS THE DOCTOR SS, IT DEPENDS ON WHICH END YOU LOOK THE EVIDENCE FROM.

>> THAT'S RIGHT. IT IS GOING TO BE AN INTERESTING CHALLENGES WE TRY TO RATIONALIZE OUR HEALTH SYSTEM WHICHIGHT NOW IS A CRAZY QUILT SYSTEM WHERE PEOPLGET WHAT THEY GET. WE'VE GOT NO BGETS. AND YOU JUSTET WHAT YOU GET. WHAT IS GOING TO PPEN WHEN WE TRY TO KE IT A LITTLE CLEARER WHAT MAKES SENSEND WHAT DOESN'T MAKEENSE. IT'S GOING TO BE A CLLENGE TO DO THAT. AND IS TO SOME EXTENT MAY GIVE UA PICTURE OF WHAT HAPPENS. CAUSE WE'RE USED TO, IN THIS COURY, OF GETTING EVYTHING WE CAN AFFORD. AND SOME TIME THAT I PROBABLYGOING TO HAVE TO STOP. THESE MAY NOT BE THE PERSPECT EXAMPLES OF THA BUT EY DO MAKE PEOPLE THINK ABOUT WHAT IS WRTH IT, WHAT IS NOT WORTH IT WHAT MAKES A DIFFERCE NOT JUST IN TERMS OF NEY BUT IN TERMS OFEALTH AND OUTCOS. AND IONVENIENCE AND SIDE EFFECTS.

>> DOCTOR, TO WHATEGREE DO RECOMMENDATIS LIKE THIS DRIVE INSURANCE MPANY COVERAGE DECISIONS NOW I SHOULD POINOUT TO OUR VIEWERS THAT I THK IN VERY STATE BUT UTAH IT'S ACTULY THE LAW REQUIRES COVERA 6 MAMMOGRAMS FOR WOMEOVER 40. STHAT PARTICULAR CASE PROBABLY ISNOT, IT'S TO THE GOINTO BE EFFECTIVE. BUT IN GENERAL, THE RECOMMENDATIONS LIKE THIS TIMATELY DRIVE INSURANCE COMPANY DECIONS.

>> IT WOULD BE A TRAGY IF IN THE D EITHER INSURANCE COMPANIES OR GOVERNMENT LEGISLATION WERWHAT DECIDED AT IS A VERY IMPORTANT DISCUION AND DECISION BETWEEN A PHYSICIAN AND PATIENT. ALTHOUGH YOU ARCORRECT AT VIRTUALLY ALL OF THE U.S. STATES REIRE COVERAGE FOR SCREENING MAMMOGRAP BEGINNING AT AGE 40, AT DOESN'T MN THAT THAT IS WHAT WILL BE RECOMNDED. AND SO WE HAVE TO BE CEFUL THAT WE, THIS COULDE A VERY HEALTHY DIALOGUE. WEHAVE TO BE CAREFUL THAT WE DON'T RN PATIENTS OFF, THAT WE DON'T GIVE A MESSAG THAT MMOGRAMS AND CERVICAL CANC, OH WE'RE NOT EVEN SURE IF TH WORK OR NOT, YOU KNOW, THE SCREENG FOR CERVICAL CANCER, SO I JUST WON'T G IT AT ALL. I DO KE THE COMMENT MADE EARLIER THAT THE GYNECOLOGISTS ARE THE ONE DOING A LOT OF THE PMARY CA FOR OUR YOUNGER WOMEN. AND ITHEY GET THE MESSAGE, YOU ONLY ND YOUR PAP SMEAR ONCE A YEAR, THAT DOESN'T MEAN YOU DON'T NEED A LOT YOUR OTHER HEALTH SEENS ON AN ANNUAL BASIS. AND SO THAT WOULD BE A POOR MESSAGE TO COME OUT OALL OF THIS AS WELL.

>> FINAL RESPONSE FOR YOU, IS TRE A DANGER THAT THAT IS THE MESSAGE SOME WEN WILL TAKE AWAY FROM IS?

>> I THINK THAT THATS A CONCERN. BUT T IMPORTANT THING IS THAT WEN OR MEN TALK TO THEIROCTORS ABOUT WHAT IS IMPORTANT FOR THEM AND USEFUL FOR THEM AND WL MAKE A DIFFERENCE TO TM TO EEP THEM HEALTHY AND IMPROVE EIR HEALTH.

>> BUT TO LOT OF WOMEN OR MEN GOING FOR TH TEST IS SHORT OF SHORTCUT. YOU THK OF IT AS A SHORTCUT.

>> B AS THE DOCTOR SAYS IT IS NOT THE LINCIN. YOU SHOULD BE EING YOUR DOCTOR REGULAR, PRIMARCARE DOCTOR REGULARLYO GET HEALTH MAINTAINSINDS OF THINGS NOT TIED TO SPECIFIC TEST.

>> DOCTOR, THANYOU BOTH.

>> Lehrer: NEXT TONIGHT, TTION HIKEAND PROTESTS AT CALIFORA'S PUBLIC UNIVEITIES. NEWSHOUR CORRESPONDENT SPCER MICHELS HAS OUR REPORT.

>> Reporter: IT WASHADES OF DA PAST AT THE UNIVERSITY OF CAIFORNIA AT BERKELEY TODAY STUDENTSCCUPYING A BUILDING AND BARRICADING THEMSELVE INSIDE.

>> THIS IS NOT YOUR '60s BERKELEY SIT-IN.

>> Reporte THIS TIME, THEY WEREN'T PROTESTING WAR,UT A ASSIVE TUITION HIKE APPROVED YESTERDAY.

>> CAN'T TAKE IT NOORE!

>> Reporter: SIMILAR PROTES ERUPTEYESTERDAY AS HUNDREDS OF STUDES MARCHED AT THE CAMPUS OFCLA IN LOS ANGELES. BUT STUDE OUTRAGE WAS NOT ENOUGH TO DISSUADE THE BOARDF REGENTS TH GOVERNS THE 10 SCHOOLS UNDER THE UNIVERSITYF CALIFORNIA UMELLA. FACED WITH CLINING STATE SUPPORT AND AN UNBALAED STATE BUDT, THE MEMBERS VOTED TO RAISE UNDERGRADUATE TUITI BY $2,500 TO MORE THAN $10,00PER YEAR ACROSTHE U.C. SYSTEM. IT NOW COSTS THREE TES AS MUCH IT DID 10 YEARS AGO TO ATTE UNIVERSITY OF CALIRNIA SCHOOLS, AND THAT'S NOT INCLUDING HSING, BOARD AND OKS. AS AESULT, MANY OF THE MORE THAN 200,000 STUDENTS ITHE SYSTEM Y THEY MAY BE PRICED

>> MY SISTER IS STARTINCOLLEGE NEXT YEA WCAN'T AFFO IT.

>> Reporter: WHAT DO YOU DO? LL JUST HAVE TO TAKE OUT A

>> I'LL JUST HAVE TO TE OUT A HUGE LOAAND BE PAYING IT OFF THE REST OF MY LIFE.

>> Reporter: THE ANGER AYED OUT INIFFERENT WAYS AS THE REGENTS CONVENED THURSDAY SOME STUDES PEACEFUL OCCUPIED A BUILDING OTHE UCLA CAMPUS. HERS FACED OFF WITH POLICE OUTSIDE THE BRD MEETING AND BRIEFLY TRIED TO ENTER THE MEETING HALL. BOARD MEMBERS AND STF WERE CAUGHT INDE FOR HOURS AS THE PROTESTS CONTINU. THE UVERSITY SYSTEM PRESIDENT, MARK YUDOF, EMERGEDATER UNDER GUAR THE TUITION HIKES PART OF CALIRNIA'S LARGER UDGET DRAMA. THE STATE IS $6.3 BILLION ITHE R THIS YEAR, AND FACES SHORTFALLS OF $ BILLION A YEAR OVEEACH OF THE NEXT FIVE YEARS. THAT'S FORCED THE UNIVERSI SYSTEM TO ABRB MAJOR FUNDING CUTS AND TO PUT AARTIAL FREEZE ON HIRING, AS SOMEROFESSORS ARE BEINGURED BY RIVAL IVERSITIES. WE CAUGHT UP WITH PSIDENT YUDOF TODAY IN T SAN FRANCISCO BAAREA.

>> WELL, I THINKT DOES HURT, BUT WE HAVE FEW CHOICES WE HAVE HALF AS MUCH MONEY T SPEND PER STUNT FROM THE STATE AS WE DID990.-- $16,000 IN 199 LESS THAN $8,000 TODAY. LIBRARY HOURS SHORTER. WE'VE LAID OFF TUSANDS, PROBABL LAY OFF MORE. HAVE FURLOUGHS, FEE INCREASES.

>> Reporter: SOME STUNTS AND FACULTY ARE SAYING SALARI FOR ADMINISTRATORS ARE TOO HIG

>> TSE ARE JUST WORDS, AND THEY'RE NOT ACCURATE. E'RE NOT OVERPAID. IT'S FLAT OUT NOTRUE. IF YOU MAKE LESTHAT $70,000 PER YEAR, UNDER OUR PROPOSA YOUON'T PAY ONE DIME IN TUITION, WHAT WE CALL FEE NOT A DIME. AND IYOU'RE UP TO $120,000, U GET SUBSTANTIAL BREAK.

>> porter: BUT THAT ARGUMENT HAFAILED TO STOP ONGOING MARCHES. IN LATE SEPMBER, A 10,000- STRG RALLY TOOK PLACE AT RKELEY, THE SYSTEM'S CROWN JEWEL.

>> NEED TO MAKE A STATEMENT ABOUT VALUING ECATION. ALSO NEED TO BE IN SOLIDARY TOGETHER.

>> Reporter: ON A MPUS KNOWN FOR ITS HISTORY OF PROTEST, FACULTY AND STUDENTS ALI STAGED A SIT-IN TOROTEST SPENDING CUTS AND FEE IREASES. MONG THE SPEAKERS WAS FRENCH PROFESSOR ANN SMOC

>> T VALUE OF IT AS A PUBLIC INSTITUTION IS DEFINITE THREATENED DRAMATICLY NOW, LARGELY BECAUSE OF E FEE HIKES

>> Reporr: THE SYSTEMIC PROBLEMS THREATEN THE UNIVSITY'S GLOBAL REPUTATION, SAYS SMOCK. IT'S A REPUTION ENHANCED OVER THEEARS BY A RAFT OF NOBEL PRIZEAND OTHER ACCOLADES. PRESIDENT YUDOFNSISTS THEY WILL ENDEAVOR TO MAIAIN QUALITY AMID THEUDGET CRUNCH /MANY OF BUSISSES. OUR REARCH BUSINESS IS GROWING ASTRONOMICALLY. WE'RE DOING WELL. OUR HOSPITALS ARE FULL. WE HAVE A COREROBLEM-- WHO PAYS THE ENGLISH DEPAMENT? WE HAVE THAVE IT. WHO'S GOINTO PAY SOCIOLOGY, UMANITIES? THAT'S ERE WE'RE RUNNING INTO TROUBLE.

>> Rerter: THE GRIM BUDGET FORECAST PROBABLY MEAN MRE TOUGH TES AHEAD FOR THE NIVERSITY SYSTEM, AND FOR T STUDENTS BEG ASKED TO PAY EVEN MORE.

>> Lehr: NOW, THE ANALYSIS OF SHIELDS AND GERSON. THAT'S SYNDICATED COLUMST MARK SHIDS AND "WASHINGTON POST" COLUMNISMICHAEL GERSON. VID BROOKS IS OFF TONIGHT. MARK,RE THERE GOING TO BE 60 VOTES TOMORROW NIGHT FOR E HEALTH-CARE BILL TO GO TO THE FLOOR THE SENATE? > Lehrer: D I SAY HOUSE. >THE SENATE WILL NOT CONSIDER IT UNLESS THERE AR 60 VOTES. SO THERE WILL B60 VOTES.

>> Lehrer: DO YOU AGREE.

>> ABSOLUTEY. I TALKED TO RUBLICANS ON THE HILL TOY. THEY ACTUALLY -- FUY EXPECT AT DEMOCRATS WILL VOTE CONSIDER HEALTH CARE EVEN IF THEY ARE NOT SURE WHAT THE DETAILS ARE GOING TO BE.

>> Lehrer: WHY WILL THE PUBLICANS NOT VOTE TO CONSIDER IT AT ALL?

>> WELL, I THINK THAT THERE IA PARTY LINE DISCIPLINE ON THIS ISSUE. I THINK TH BELIEVE THAT THE APPRCH IS FUNDAMENTALLY FLAWED, N JUST THE MARGINS. SO ERE IS VERY LITTLE --.

>> Lehrer: WHY DATE IT.

>> EXACTLY.

>> LehrerYEAH. AT OTHER MAJOR OBSTACLES GOING TO BE TO G FROM PAST TOMORROW GHT TO ACTUALLY TO GET ENACT SOMETHING BY THE SENATE FIRSAND THEN BEYOND?

>> WELL, CERTAINLY, JI THE THERE E SIGNIFICANT DIFFERENCES BUT DON'T THINK LIFE OREATH DIFFERENCES BETWEEN WHAT PASSED THE HOUSE, WHAT PASSED THE SENATIT WILL COME DOWN TO FINANCI, TO THE EXT FORM OF THE PUBLIC OPTION, A PUBLIC PLATHAT IS AVAILABLE TO PROVIDE INSURANCE WITTHE PRIVATE INSURANCE COANIES. BUT I THINK THAT QUITE HONEST THAT SENATOR READ HAS MANEUVERED THISUITE WELL AND I THINK THAT HE H DISCIPLINEDEMOCRATIC O:ITY BEHIND HIM. THEY DO FERVELY WANT TO GET REPUBLICAN SUPPORT. SENATOSNOW, THEY REALLY, THAT HAS BEEN -- PORTANT, THAT SENSE BIPARTISANSHIP. BUT THAT MAYOT BE. I THINK THE WILLS THERE AND THINK THE IMPERATIVE IS THERE TO PASS IT.

>> LehrerDO YOU SEE 60 VOTES. INTHER WORDS, IT WL STI TAKE 60 VOTES TO ENACT SOMETHING ON THEENATE. DO YOU SEE 60 VOTES.

>> STARTING THE DEBE IS AN EASY PART. ENDING WITH CLOTURE AT THE END IS THE HARDART AND YOU NEED 60 VES TO DO THAT, THAT IS ABSOLUTELY TRU AND THERE ARE ANUMBER OF OBSTACLES D THEY GET PROGREIVELY HIGHER. BEUSE THE HOUSE COULD MAKE VOTES THAT RE LARGELY SYMBOLIC ON ABORTIONR OTHER ISSUES BECAU THEY KW IT WASN'T GOING TO BE IN THE FINAL BIL THE SENATE DOESN'T RLLY HAVE TH OPTION IN A CERTAIN WAY. IT BECOMES MOREEAL IN THIS. ABORTN IS GOING TO BE AN INTESTING THING TO WATCH. BECAUSE SOMEHOW SENAT BARBARA BOXER AND BENELSON O HAS 100% PRO-LIFE RECO HAS TAGREE ON SOMETHING. THAT WILL BE INTEREING TO WATCH. FINANCI IS GOING TO BE INTERESTING BECAUSE THE IS A LOT OF NETAXES IN HERE TT COME FROM MEDICARE PAYROLL TAXES, OKAY E DIFFICULTY THERE IS A LOT OF PEOP WHO WANT TO DO MEDICARE RORM EVENTUALLY WOULD LIKE TO USE THATONEY DO MEDICARE REFORM. NOT TO SPEND IT ONHE BROAD HEALTH-CARE PLAN. SO IS ACTUALLY UNDERMINING FURE REFORM ON THESE ISSUES. AND A LOT OF THE CO THAT IS PROJECT BY THE CBO HERE IS REALLY, I THIN BASED ON TRICKS. I MEAN THE REAL COSTS DON' START UNTILIVE YEARS INTO THIS BUDGET WDOW WHICH MAKES A LOT OF THE DISCUSSION ABOUT COST REALLY UNDERESTIMATING E COST WHEN IS FULLY PHASED IN.

>> Lehrer: DO YOU SEE OBSTACLES SIMILARLY?

>> I DON'T. I MEAN I DDISSENT WITH MICHAEL ON THE HOUSE. THE HOUSE WOU NOT HAVE PASSED THE BILL WITHOUTHE STUPAK AMDMENT.

>> LehrerTHAT IS THE ABORON.

>> THAT'S RIT, ONE OUT OF FOUR DEMOCRATS IN E HOUSE IS PRO-LIF SO THEY COULD NOHAVE PASSED IT BECAUSE TY WOULDN'T GET ANY REPUBLICAN VOTES. THEY H TO PASS IT WITH DEMOCRATS.

>> Lehrer: THATMENDMENT PROHIBITTHE USE OF FEDERAL MONEY TOUND AN ABORTION.

>> EXCEPT ITHE CASE OF RAPEINCEST OR THE LIFE OF THE MOTR. AND THAT TAKES THE HIGH LANGUAGE WHICHAS BEEN APPROVED ANNUALLEVERY YEAR Y THE CONGRESS SINCE 1976. AND INRPORATES IT IN. THAT'S -THE QUESTION BECOMES WHEER PUBLIC MONEY CAN BE USED INNY FORM AND THE STUPAK ANDMENT, FORBIDS ANY BLIC MONEY BEING USE AND WHETHER IT IS ACTUALLY TO PURCHASE ABORTION COVERAGE YOU WILL NEED PROBABLY A SEPARA RIDER UNDER THE PLAN. THAT'S GOING TO BE --.

>> Lehrer: SO THERE ISSTILL A LONG WAYO GO ON THAT.

>> THERE, IS THERE. BUT NANCY PELOSI WHO IS RO-CHOICE PERSUADED THE O-CHOICE CAUCUS TO GO ALONG. AND WE'LL FIND OU ARRY REID IS DOING A MODIFIED PRO-CHOI PRO-LIFE, MOSTLYRO-LIFE, WE'LL SEE HOW EFFECVE HE CAN BE IN UNITING HIS CAUCUS.

>> Lehrer: MIAEL, THE DISCSION THAT WE, THAT MG RES -- MARGARET JUST RAN ON THE TESTING, PARTICULAR -- EXCLUSIVE IN THIS CASE OF WOMES HEALTH ISES, HOW DOES THAT, DOES THAT, DO YOU THINK THAT IS GOING TO PLAY IN, EITH RECTLY OR INDIRECTLY INTO THHEALTH CARE DEBATE?

>> IT WAS A TOTAL COIIDENCE BUT I THINK IT DOES HAVE A CONSEQUENCE WHE IT COMES TO THE HEALTCARE DEBATE. THE REALITY IS WE'VEOT A SYSTEM THAT IN MANWAYS IS INEFFICIENT AND CHAOTIC, HEALTH-CARE SYSTEM THATYOU KNOW, DOESN'T SPEND MONEY CORRECTLY. BUT WHEN GOVERNMENT COMES AND TIONALIZES THAT SYSTEM AND SAYS THESE ARE BEST INTERESTS, OKAY, IT ISES QUESTIS ABOUT THE ROLE OF GOVERNMENT IN VARIETY OF DECISIONS. U KNOW, IN A NEW SYSTEM WHERE THE GOVERNMENT TAK A MORE CENTRAL ROLE, WOULD THESE KIND OFEST PRACTICE DECISIONS, YOU KNOW, VE A BROADER INFLUENCE? WI THEY BE EFFECTED BY THE COST CONTROL,OU KNOW, IMPERATIVE THAT GOVERNME WILL FACE? SO YOU KNOW, IT RAIS THESE UESTIONS. AT AN AWKWARD TIME.

>> Lehrer: AS ONE OF THE DOCTORS TOLD MARGARET, SH DIDN'T WANT THE GOVERNMEN MAKI THESE DECISIONS ABOUT THE TEST.

>> THE REPUBLICANS WE GIVEN A GIFT, AN OPENING. THIS COMMSION WHICH WAS TOTALLY APOLICAL, POINTED BY PRESIDENT BUS 25 YEARS,TS MEMBERSHIP. > Lehrer: THE MAMMOGRAM COMMITTEE.

>> THEY COME UP WITH THEIR PLAN. AND WITH NOENSE OF TIMING AS TO WHAT IS GOING IN THE COUNTRY. AND THE REPUBLICANS ON THE HILL WHO DON'T HAVE A PLAN OF THE OWN SAY HEY, THIS IS A GREAT OPENING. WHAT WE WILL DO IS SAY TS IS -- LET'S BE VERY BNT ABOUT IT. ONE OUT OF EIGHT AMERICAN WOMEN GETS BREAST NCER. ERYBODY KNOWS OR IS RELATED TO SOMODY WHO HAS SUFFERED FROM BREASCANCER. ANTHE ONE SENSE OF CONTROL CONTROL THAT WOMEN HAVE HA IS RULAR EARLY MAMMOGRAMS AND SELF-DECTION. AND BOTH OF WHICH ARSORT OF UNDERMINED AND SABOTAGED BY THIS REPT. AND SO NO WOER IT CREATED AN UNDERSTANDAB STIR AND ANIETY IN THE COUNTRY AND ESPECIAY AMONG WOMEN.

>> Lehrer:PEAKING ABOUT, THIS IS A SEGUE, MICHAEL, SPEAKING OF ANXIETY, WT DO YOU MAKE OF THE ANXIETY WITHIN THE CONGRESS, EV AMONGOME DEMOCRATS, ABOUT SECRETARY, TREASURY CRETARY QUITENER AND WHAT IS GOING ON IN T ECONOMY AND IN THE NANCIAL SYSTEM. A LITTLE BIT TOWARD THE WHE OBAMA ADMINISTRATION ABOUT THIS.

>> WELL, IT DOES REVEAL THAT ERE IS A CERTAIN DISCONNECT TWEEN THE MAJOR ISSUES IF IN A LOOF CONGRESSONAL DISTRICTS INCLUDI DEMOCRATIC CONGRESSIONAL DIRICTS. HEY'RE NOT REALLY TALKING ABOUT CLIMATE CHAN VERY MUCH. THEY ARE TALKING SOME AUT HEALTH CARE. BUT THEY ARE MALY TALKING ABOUT JOBS. UNEMPYMENT IS THE MAIN POLITICAL PROBL IN AMERICA. AND THE MEMBERS THE HOUSE DEMOCRATS ARE GOING TGO TO 2010. AND THEY NEED A REAL MESSAGE ON THIS. SO THERE WAS A MIREVOLT ILUDING AMONG THE BLACK CAUCUS IN THE CGRESS THAT SAYS LOOK, YOU GUYS AREN'T MESSAGING CORRELY OR SUFFICIENY ON THE JOBS ISSUE. YOU ARE LKING ABOUT THINGS THAT AREN'T AS DIRECTLY RELEVANT TO MY CSTITUENTS.

>> Lehrer: DO YOU READ IT THE SAME WAY.

>> I DON'T THINK IT LIMITED TDEMOCRATIC DISTRICTS. I THINK THE --.

>> Lehrer:VERYBODY.

>> I TNK IT'S EVERYBODY, UNIVERSAL. AN IT'S NOT ONLY JOBS AND EMPLOYMENT WHICH IS AN ERRIDING CONCERN. WE HAVE DOUBLE-DIGIT UNEMPYMENT.

>> THE A TOTAL DISCONNECT BETWEETHE PROSPERITY AND PLUSHNESS OF WALL REET AND THPAIN OF MAIN STREET. AND SO THE PEOE --.

>> Lehrer: THA IS WHAT THEY BROUGHT OUT WITH QUITENER

>> EXTLY.

>> Lehrer: EY ARE MORE THANUST UP SET, THEY ARE ANGRY.

>> THEY ARE ANGRYND THEY LOOK AT THE GOVEMENT ECONOC POLICIES AND THEY SAY WHAT GOT TO THIS OINT OF CHAOS AND CRISIS, IT WAS T BIG BANKS AND WALL STREET WHO ARE THE BENEFICIARIESOF THE ECONOMIC POLI. THE BIG BANKS AND LL TREET. AND WHIS PAYING FOR IT? THPEOPLE IN THE COUNTRY WHO ARE UNEMPLOYE THAT IS THE ANGER. D I THINK THAT THE SENSE THAT SECRETARY QUITENERAS NOT BEEN AS FORCEFUL ENOGH IN RULATION OR ANY OF THAT. I THINKHAT IS PART OF IT. AND THE OTHER THING IS, JM, THERE IS ALWAYS A SENSE OF PUNCHING BAIN ANY ADMINTRATION. NOBODY WANTS TO TAKE ON TH PRESIDENT. IT WAS DONE RUMSFELTHAT THEY TK ON. AND I WANTO SAY, GOT TO GET READY OF THE PRESIDENT I TAKE ON RUMSFELD. ITENER IS PLAGUE THE RUMSFELD ROLEIGHT NOW.

>> Lehr: WHAT ABOUT AFGHANISTAN. HE PRESIDENT'S UPCOMING DECISION THAT. HE GOING TO MAKE IT SN DO YOU TNK? IS TIME, HAS THE TIME COME TKIND OF GET IT OVER WITH.

>> HWOULD SAY IT WOULD BE WITHIN, YOU KNOW, BASICAL I GUESS WE'RE TALKINGBOUT DAYS NOW. AND I THINK --.

>> Pirro: DOES TT BECOME A PRLEM FOR HIM, JUST THE MING OF IT REGARDLESS OF --

>> HE HAS GOTTEN SOME ITICISM FROM SOURCES THAT DON'T EXPECT TO CRITIZE THE PRESIDENT IN RECENPAST. T NO, I THINK IT IS NECESSARY FOR HIM EN HE MAKES THE DECISION TT IT BETTER BE CLEAR, IT BET HE BE FORCEFUL, IT BETTER B PRECISE. E MEASURES OF SUCCESS BETTER BEHERE, THE OBJECTIVES, THE TITABLE, EXACTLY WHAT WE ARE THE FOR, WHAT WE ARE TRYING ACEVE. I THINK AND ERE HAS TO BE A PAY FOR IT WE ARE NOW LOOKG AT $1 TRILLION THAT WE HAVE PENT JUST ON THE BATTLEFIELD IN IR AND AFGHANISTAN. NONE OF IT FUNDED

>> HOW DO YOU RE THIS CISION-MAKING. >WELL, IT'S BEEN NEXT WEEK, THE DECISION IS SUPPOSED BE NEXT WE FOR MONTHS NOW. KEEPS BEING PUT OFF AND OF AND THE PROCE ITSELF WHICH WAS SUPPOSED TO BA MODEL OF DEBERATION, THEY INVITED CAMERAS INTO THE MEETINGS TO SHOW, WE'RE DELIBERATING ON THIS, HAS BECOME PREY MUCH A MESS. VERY DYSFUNCTIONAL PRESS. > Lehrer: A LOT OF LEANG GOING ON.

>> A LOT OFEAKING OF WHOLE CLASSIFIED DOCUNTS TO DISCREDIT ONE SIDEOR DISCREDIT THE OTHER SI WHICH IS A REAL DISSERCE TO THE PRESIDE. BUT ITEVEALS A GROWING GAP BETWEEN MILITARY AND CIVILIAN. IT SHOWS GHTS IN AFGHANISTAN BETWEEN OUR AMBASSADOR AND T HEAD OF THE CHRYSTAL. AND ENBERRY, OUR AMBASSAR THERE, WHICH I THINK IS A VERY BAD SN. AND SO I THINK IT'S REVEALNG TENSIONS IN A VERY DYSFUNIONAL PROCESS. HE HAS TMAKE A DECISION SOON.

>> I'M CONFIDT HE WILL MAKE DECISION. I MEAN THIS IS NOT T FIRST MINISTRATION TO LEAK. THE LEAKER IN WASHGTON ALWAYS LEAKS, TO T EITHER HIMSELF ELEVATED ORIS POSITION HEARD AND EVEBODY IN WASHINGN SAID NOBODY BELIEVES IN OFCIAL SPOKEAN. EVERODY BELIEVES IN UNIDENTIFIED SOUR. SO I THINK THAIS WHAT WE HAVE GOTOING ON RIGHT NOW.

>> Lehrer: SAMEHING AS BEFORE?

>> I N'T THINK SO. THESE ARE VERY, VERY RIOUS LEAKS. AMONG, IN A NATIONAL SECURITY TEAM TT'S VERY DIVIDED DESIGNED TO DISCREDITTHER MEMBERS OF THAT TEAMND DETERNE THE OUTCOME. THAT'S DIFFERT THAN JUST SELF-SERVINLEAKS. THAT'S VERY SERIOUS.

>> IT IS A DEBATE WHICH WE AREN'T USED TO. Lehrer: THANK YOU BOTH VERY MUCH. HANK YOU AGAIN. OD TO SEE YOU, MICHAEL.

>> THANK YOU, MARK. NOW, OPRA MAKES A MOVE. FFREY BROWN TELLS THE STORY. NOW, OPRAH MAKES A MOVE. JEFFREY BROWN TEL THE STORY.

>> THESE YEARS WTH YOU, OUR VIEWERS, HAVE EICHED MY LIFE YOND MEASURE.

>> Reporter: IT WAS PURE "OPRAH" MOMENT THIS AFTEOON, OPRAH WINFREY ANNOUNCEDHAT HER PHENOMENALLY POPUR AND SUCCESSFUL DAYTI TALK SHOW WILL END IN T YEARS, AFTER 25 SEASONS, ANDHAT SHE'LL CONCENTRATE ON CREATI A NEW CABLE CHANL TO BE CALLED-- AND THIS, TOO, ISURE OPRAH-- THE OPRAH WINFREY NWORK OR "O.W.N"

>> SO WHY WALK AWAY ANMAKE NEXT SEASONHE LAST? HERE'S THE RL REASON. I LOVE THIS SH, THIS SHOW HAS BEENY LIFE, AND I LOVE IT ENOUGH TO KNOW WHEN IT'S TIMTO SAY GOODYE. YEARS FEELS RIGHT IN MY BOES AND RIGHT IN MY SRIT. WELCOME TO THE VERY FIRST NATIONAL OPRAH WIREY SHOW.

>> Reporter: WITH SE SEVEN ILLION DAILY VIEWERS, WINFRES PROGRAM IS THHIGHEST RATED TA SHOW IN AMERICAN TELEVISION HISTORY, AS WE AS THE LONGEST RUNNING ONAYTIME TV. SHE'S KNOWN R CELEBRITY INTERVIEWS, FROM CHAEL JACKSON IN 1993 SARAH PALIN JUST THIS WEEK; FO SOME WACKY MOMENTS THAT TER POPULAR CULTAL LEGEND, AND FOR REGULARLY MING HER OWN SRY THE FOCUS OF THE PROGRAM, ASN 1988 WHEN SHE WHEELED IN A WAGON LOADED WITH FATO SHOWCASE HER 67-UND WEIGHT LOSS. BUT H PROGRAM IS ONLY PART OF THE MUIBILLION DOLLAR OPRAH MEDIA EMPIR AMONG OTHER THINGS, SHE'S SO A SUCSSFUL TV PRODUCER, THE FORCE BEHIND DRPHIL, RACHAEL RAY, AND OTHERS A MAGAZINE PUBSHER-- IN 2004, SHE LAUNCHED "O, THEPRAH MAGAZINE," WHI FEATURES HER ON THE COVER ERY WEEK; AND A MIE PRODUCER OF FILMS INCLUNG "PRECIOUS", WHICH IS JUST OPENINNATIONWIDE TODAY. OPRAH E ENTERTAINER, WORTH SOME $2.7 BILLION, ALSO NOBLY GOT HERSELF INVOLV IN POLITICS AND, BY ALL ACCOUNTS, SHOW SOME OF HER LARGEINFLUENCE WHEN SHE PLICLY SUPPORTED PREDENT OBAMA IN LAST YEAR'S CAMPAIGN. THIS TERNOON, SOME FAITHFUL VIEWERS WATCHED HER ANUNCEMENT AT A NORERN VIRGINIA SPA.

>> WOW. I CAT EVEN REMEMBER NOT WATCHING OPRAH. I REMBER GOING HOME FROM HIGH SCHOOL TO ATCH HER. SHE WASN'T STUFFY REAL, MOR RETABLE TO ME AS SOMEONE IN HIGH SCHOOL THAPHIL DONAHUE, W WAS THE ONLY PERSON ON AT THAT TIME. SHE HAST THERE IN THE STUDIO, B IT ALSO COMES ACROSS THE CAMERA, ANIT TAKES TALENT TO DO THAT. >>eporter: OPRAH'S MOVE TO CABL A JOINT VENTURE WITH DISVERY COMMUNICATIONS, WILL SHAKE UP THWORLD OF COMMERCIAL TV, AND REPRESENTA GAMBLE THAT HER AUDIENCE WILL FLOW. AND JOINING ME R MORE IS ERIC DEGGA, MEDIA CRITIC FOR "THE ST. PETERSBU TIMES" IN FLORI. TELL US, WHAT IKNOWN ABOUT OPRAH, WHY SHE IS ENNG HER PROGRAM A HEADING FOR CABLE TV? SURE. OPRAH'S CONTRACFOR HER SYDICATED TV SHOW WAS ABOUT TO RUN OUT AT THE END O2011. SHE HAD TO MAKE A DECISIOABOUT WHETH SHE WAS GOING TO KEEP DOING THE SHOW. AND INSTEAD OF KPING DOING THE SHW, SHE HAS DECIDED TO STOP. NOW, WE'RE ASSUMING THAT E'S GOING TO TAKE SHOW TO A CABLE CHANNEL THAT SHE DEVELOPING WITH THE DISCERY COMMUNICATIONS GROUP CAED THE OPRAH WINEY NETWORK. BUT S HAS NOT ANNOUNCED THAT SHES GOING TO DO A SHOW FOR THEM. T THE RUMORS IN HOLLYWOODLA AND TVLAND E THAT SHE HAVE DO SOME KINDF DIFFERENT SHOW. NOT KE THE SHOW SHE IS DOING NOW FOR THAT CABLE CHAEL.

>> Repter: BEFORE WE GET TO THIS FURE CABLE NETWORK, FIRST, I MEAN, WE E WHY VIEWERS RE ABOUT THIS, BUT EXPLAIWHY THIS MATTERS IN THE WORLD OF MEDIA BUSINE. WHY IS SHE SUCH A ORCE AND HOW DOES THIREVERBERATE?

>> OBVIOUSLY, OPRAH IS A CULRAL ICON. AND MORE THAN THAT, SHE AN ICON INHE TV BUSINESS. SHE LEADS THE HIGHEST RAT SYICATED TV SHOW RIGHT NOW, AND THAT BUSESS HAS BEEN IN CLINE. OPRAH HERLF, EVEN THOUGH SHE IS STILL T HIGHEST RATED, HAS SEEN HER RATINGGO DOWN BY HALF N RECENT YEARS. AND THERE WAS A SENSE THATHE WOULD T EARN THE KIND OF MONEY FROM THE SHOW THASHE HAD BEEN EARNG. SHE MIGHT HAVE TAKE UP TO A 50% CUT IN REVENUES, CAUSE TV STATIONSRE HURTING RIGHT NOW. THE RECESSION HIT THEM HARD THEY AREOT GETTING THE KIND OF ADVERTISING REVUE THEY ARE USETO. THEY CAN'T Y THE BIG MONEY THEY USED TO PAY HAVE "THE OPAH WINFREY SHOW." SO HER MOVINGO CABLE WAS A SENSE THAT, WITH HER TE, SHE IS VOTI FOR THE FUTURE HER AND AND THE FUTURE OF HER CELEBRITY WITH CABLE TELEVION AS OPPOSED BROADCAST. AND THAT'S VERY SIGFICANT.

>> AND WHAT ES SHE LEAVE BEHI? I MEAN, WHO IS HT IN THE NETWORK WORLD? SHE'S GOT ONE NEORK, ABC, WHEREOST OF HER SHOWS AIR. HE'S GOT ANOTHER ONE, I THI CBSTHAT SYNDICATES HER SHOW. AND SHE'S GOT ALL THESEROGRAMS AT SHE LEADS INTO THAT CARE ABOUT HAVING HER,IGHT? EXACTLY. YOU'VE NAD ALL THE BIG PEOPLE WHO ARE GOING BE HURT BY HER PARTURE. CBS TELEVISION BOUGHTHE SYNDICATOR THAT HANDLESHE OPRAH WINFREYETWORK SOME TIME O. EY ARE GOING TO LOSE A LOT O MONEY. ABC STAONS ACROSS THE COUNTRY MOSTLY HANDLE HER SHOW. SO THEY ARE US TO THIS HUGE AUDNCE BEING FED INTO THEIR 5:00 P.M. LOCAL NEWSSTS. SO ALL OF THOSE ATIONS ARE GOING TO BE LOOKING AT AT CAN WE DO NOWO REPLACE OPRAH INFREY. RE IN TAMPA, AN NBC AFFILIAT AIRS HER OW AND THEY HAVE HAD THE TO5:00 P.M. NEWSCAST FOR SOME YEARS NOW. TH WHOLE BALANCE OF POWEIS GOING TO SHIFT AND WE'LL BE SEEING THOSE KDS OF THINGS IN RKETS ALL ACROSS E COUNTRY ONCE SHE LEAVES ON SEPTEMBER 9,011. Reporter: I MENTIONED THE MILLION VIEWERS DAY. YOU SAID THAS DOWN FROM THE ST. BUTHAT'S STILL A PRETTY BIG NUMBER. WHO ARE THOSE PEOPLE AND H DOES TT COMPARE TO THE REST OF THE FIELIN DAYTIME, OR FOR THAT MATTER, THE NITTIME TALK SHOWS? WELL, I THINK THERE IS A SEN THAT OPRAH HAS BEEN THE ULTIMATE VOIE FOR WOMEN ON TELEVISION, CEAINLY IN THE LAST TEN YEARS, IF NOTONGER. AND SO,HERE IS A SENSE THAT SHE SPEAS DIRECTLY TO THE WOMEN OF AMERICA. AND I THINK THE ARE THE PEOPLE THAT ARE MOST TRACTED TO HER SH. W, ONCE SHE LEAVES, WHO WL TAKE OVER THAVOICE? A LOT OF PEOPLERE LOOKING TO ELLEN DEGENERES, WHO SEEMTO BE THEECOND MOST POPULAR WOMAN ON DAYTIME T BONNIE HUNT ALSHOSTS A SHOW. AND TRE IS ALSO A SENSE THAT OPRAH HAS EATED A LOT OF ALLER SUCCESSORS. SHE CREATED Dr. PHILRACHEL RAY, SHE HEED DEVELOP THE DOCTOR OZ SHOWHAT JUST DEBUTED IS YEAR IN SYNDICATION. SO SOME OF THOSEEOPLE ARE LIKELTO PICK UP HER AUDIENCE AS WELL. AND THE MAY BE SOME NEW HOSTS. MARIE OSMOND WAS TRYG TO DEVELOP A SYICATED TV SHOW. IF I WAS A SYNDICATOR, MIGHT TAKE ANHER LOOK AT HER NOW THAT OPH IS GOING TO BE AWAY FROM THE FIELD.

>> SO, ERIC, FINALLY THIMOVE TCABLE, I MEAN, IT'S A GAMBLE EVEN FOR OPRAH, RIT? WHAT ARE THE PITFALLS OFAKING A SHIFT LIKE THIS FOR HER,ND IN THIBALANCE YOU ARE TALKING ABOUT BETWEEN TWORKS AND CABLE?

>> WELL, CABLIS ESSENTIALLY A NICHE MEDIUM. IT IS GARNERED, IT'S FOCED ON ATTRACTING A ALL SLIVER OF DIENCE. SO THE DANGER FOR OPRAH ITHAT SHE NO LONGEHAS THE CULTURAL SIGNIFICANCEND THE FAME THAT SHE ONCE HAD. WHENOU ARE A BROADCASTER, YOU REACH EVERYBODY. HEN YOU ARE IN CABLE, YOU REH A SMLER SLIVER OF PEOPLE. NOW, THERE ARBIG FANS AND THERE INTENSELY ENGAGED WITH YOUR BRAND, AND THAT IS AT SHE ILL GAIN, BUT SHE MAY LOSE T ABILITY TO MAKE BEST SELLING BOOTHE WAY SHE USED TO BE ABLE TO. OR START A HUGE NATIOIDE BUYINGREND THE WAY SHE USED TO BE ABLE TO. THAT IS GOING TO BHER TEST. CAN SHE STILL GET PEOE ACROSS THE COUNTRY TO REACT TO H BRAND IN THE WAY THAT SHUSED TO WHEN SHEOULD HOLD UP A BOOK D SAY "BUY THIS," OR FIND A TRENOF SOCIETY AND SAY THIS IS WORTH TAKING A LOOK T.

>> ALL RIGHT,UT SHE IS BIG ENOUGH THAT E WHOLE INDUSTRY S TO WATCH, RIGHT?

>> OH, MOST DEFINTELY. AND I HAVE A FEELING TH, YOU NOW, EVEN WHAT SHE DOES ON CABLE, THAT WILL BE A SMALL RT OF HER BRAND. SHE STILL HAA MAGAZINE. SHE IS STILL OSATELLITE RADIO. SHE STILL HAS A WEB PSENCE. AND I HAVE A FEELING ALLF THOSE THINGSRE GOING TO GET TWEAKED ONCE SHE MES AND STARTS HEOWN CABLE CHANNEL.

>> ERIC, THANKS FOR JOING US.

>> THANYOU.

>> Lehrer: FINALLY TONIT, HELP FOR FAMILY MEMBE CARING FOR TROOPCRITICALLY INJURED IN WAR. THAT'S T SUBJECT OF TONIGHT'S EDITION OTHE PBS PROGRAM OW." IN THIS EXCER, CORRESPONDENT MARIA HINOJOSA HIGHLIGHTONE FAMILY'S STGGLE.

>> GOOD JO HEAD UP, OULDERS BACK.

>> Reporter: EDAD BEEN TAKING CARE OF HIS SON ERICOR FOUR YEARS NO ER WAS AMONG THE FIRST WAVE OF VETERANS COME BACK FROM IRAN WITH A AUMATIC BRAIN INJURY, OR B.I. HE HAD BEEN BLOWN UP BY HOMEMADE BOMB. ERIC'S FATHER SAYS THE V.A. HOSPITAL SYSTEM WASN'T PREPAD TOREAT THE THOUSANDS OF SOLDIERS RETURNING WITHHESE KINDS OF INJIES. AFTEERIC GOT HOME, HE SPENT THREE MONTHS IN A V.A. TRMA HOSPITAL IN RICHMD, VIRGINIA.

>> AND IN TT THREE MONTHS, HE JUST WENT DOHILL. HE LOST WEIGHT. HE GOT L. HE JUST ESSENTILY GOT TO THE POINT, IN MY OPINION, AT HE GAVE UP. HE GAVE UP. >>eporter: FOR ERIC'S FAMILY, THE FINAL STRAW CE WHEN ED FOUND H SON IN A HALLWAY AT THE V.A. FACILITY DURI WHAT WAS BEG CALLED "THERAPY."

>> THEY CALLED IT "HALLWAY ERAPY" THERE. "IT'S GOOD FOR H TO BE WATCHING THGS GOING ON AROU." BUT ERIC WAS SLUMPED OVER IHIS CHAIR DROOLI. CALL IT WHAT YOU WILL. IT WA'T THERAPY.

>> Reporter: ED AND HIS WI BETWERE SHOCKED TO FIND THAT E V.A. HAS NO LONG-TERM CARE AND REHABILITATION CILITIES FOR THE INEASING NUMBER OF VETS WITH BRAIN INJURIES. THEY BROUGHT ERIC HOME ANDOTH IT THEIR JOBS TO BE ABLE TO WORK WITH HIM FU-TIME. THEY FOUGHT SUCCESSFULLY TO PLE THEIR SON IN A PRIVA FACILITY IN CHICO. ERIC ARRIVED UNABLTO MOVE HIS LIMB

>> WE'RE GOI TO WALK OVER TO E CHAIR.

>> Reporter: BUTIS FAMILY SAYS THAT, OVER E NEXT SEVEN MONTHS, THERE S A REMARKABLE TRANSFORMAON, WITH AISTANCE, HE EVEN ARNED TO WALK AGAIN. BRIGADIER-GERAL LORI SUTTON IS IN CHGE OF CREATING PROGRAMS THAT HELP FAMILIES IMPACT BY T.B.I. THERE ARE ESTIMES THAT IT COULD COST BILLIONS-NOT MILLIONSUT BILLIONS OF DOLLARS-- TO TREAT ALL OFHE SERVICE MEMBERWHO ARE COMING HOME WITH TRAUMATIC BRN INJURY. IS TH FEASIBLE?

>> AS FARS I'M CONCERNED, AS A NAON, WHEN WE SEND OUR DGHTERS, TO WAR, WE OWE THEM AND THR FAMILIES WHATEVER IT TAKESO HELP THEM RECOVER, TO REHABITATE, TO REINTEGRATE, TO LI LIVES OF PURPOSE, PASSION AND MEANING.

>> Reporter: GENERAL SUTTON S CREATED A TRAININGROGRAM FOR FAMILY CEGIVERS TO LEARN THE OFTEN COMPCATED TASKS INVOLVED WITH CARING FOR A B.I. PATIENT BU WILL THEY GET PAID FOR THIS WORK? EARLIER THIS YEARDEMOCRATIC SENATOR DAEL ACACA INTRODUCED A BL TO HELP CAREGIVERS LIKE ED AND BETH. IT WOD ALLOW EACH SEVERELY WONDED VETERAN OF THE FIGHTING IN IRAQ AND AFGHANISTAN T DESIGNATE THAT CEGIVER. THAT PERN WOULD GET MEDICAL TRAINING, HEALTH INSURCE AND A STIPEND OF ABT $10 AN HOUR AS LONG AS THE V. DETERMINES THEIR CARE IS MEDICAL NECESSARY. ADVOCAT SAY IT'S MONEY THAT WOULD OTHERWISE BE SPNT ON NURSING HE STAFF.

>> Lehrer: AND YESTERDAY, T SENATE GAVE A HAND TO PPLE LIKE THE EDNDSONS. IT UNANIMOUY PASSED A $4 BILLION MEASURE TO PROVIDE BENEFITS TO FAMILIES W CARE FOR SEVERELY INRED VETERANS FROM THE IRAQ AND AFGHN WARS. THE HOUSE HAS PASSEDIMILAR LEGISLATIO NEXT, THE TWO BLS GO TO A CONFERCE COMMITTEE.

>> Lehrer: AGAIN, THEAJOR DEVELOPMENTS OF THDAY: MEDICAL EXPERTS RECOMMEED NEW GUIDELIN ON TESTING FOR ERVICAL CANCER. FOLLOWED NEW RECOMMENDATIO EARLY THIS WEEK FORAMMOGRAMS; AND SENATE DEMOATS WON OVER A KEY MODERATE AS TH TRY TO BRING HEALTH CARE REFM TO THE FLOOR. ONnewshour.pbs.org, TWO ONLINE ONLFEATURES TONIGHT: A REPORTER'S PODCAST THE EUROPN UNION'S NEW PRESIDENT; AND AN "ART BEAT"ONVERSATION WITH DOCUMENTARY LMMAKER FRERICK WISEMAN ABOUT HIS NEW PROJECT ON THE PAR OPERARA T. AND AGAIN TO OUHONOR ROLL OF AMERAN SERVICE PERSONNEL LLED IN THE IRAQ AND AFGHANISTAN CONFLICTS. WE ADD THEM AS THEIREATHS ARE MADE OFFICI AND PHOTOGRAPHS COME AVAILABLE. HEREIN SILENCE, ARE NINE MORE.

>> Lehrer: "WASHINON WEEK" CAN BE SEEN LAT THIS EVENING ON OST PBS STATIONS. WE'LL SEE YOU ONLINE, A AGAIN HERE MONDAY EVENIN HAVE A NE WEEKEND. I'JIM LEHRER. THANK YOU AND GOONIGHT. MAJOR FUNDING FOR THNEWSHOUR WITH JIM LEHRER IS PROVED BY:

>> TH IS THE ENGINE THAT CONNECTS ABUNDANT GRN FROM THE AMERICAN HRTLAND TO HARAN'S BEST SELLING WHOLWHEAT, WHILE KPING 60 BILLION POUNDS OF CARBON OUT OF THETMOSPHERE EVERYEAR. BNSF, THE ENGE THAT CONNECTS US. MONSANT PRODUCING ME. CONSERVING MORE. IMPROVING FARMERS'IVES. AT'S SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTUE. MORE AT producemoreconservemore.m. CHEVRON. TEL. SUPPORTING COVERAGOF INVATION AND THE ECONOMY. AND BY YOTA. MONSANTO. GRANT THORNTON. AND BY THE ALFRED. SLOAN FOUNDATI. SUPPORTING SCIENCE, TECHLOGY, AND IMPROVED ECONMIC PERFORMAE AND FINANCIAL LITERACY IN THE 21ST CENTUR AND WITH THE ONGOING SUPPO OF THESE INSTITUONS AND OUNDATIONS. AND... THIS OGRAM WAS MADE POSSIBLE BY THE CORPORATION FOR BLIC BROADCASTING AND BYONTRIBUTIONS TO YOUR PBS STATION FROM VIEWERS LE YOU. THANK YOU. Captioning onsored by MaEIL/LEHRER PRODUCTIONS Caponed by Media cess Group at WGBH access.wgbh.org