The NewsHour With Jim Lehrer : WETA : November 26, 2009 7:00pm-8:00pm EST; The NewsHour With Jim Lehrer

Captioni sponsored by MNEIL/LEHRER PRODUCTIONS >>Woodruff: GOOD EVENING. I'M JUDY WDRUFF. ON THE "NEWSHOUR" THISHURSDAY: THE LEAD STY IS AN AFGHAN UPDA FROM KABUL AS AMERICANS HERE AND INHE WAR ZONES CELEBRATE THANKIVING. THEN, TER THE OTHER NEWS OF THE Y. A REPORT FROM MUMBAI, A YR AFTER THE TERRIST ATTACKS. TWOOCTORS DEBATE THE BEST W TO ME HEALTH CARE REOMMENDATIONS FOR THEIR PATIENTS.

>> WE ND TO HONOR JUDGMENT AND WELCOME JUDGMENT, BUTE ALSO NEED TO HONOR EVIDENCE AN SCIENCE.

>> Woodruff: AN CORE LOOK AT E IMPORTANCE OF SCHOOL REESS. THERE'S MORE TO IT TH JUST PLAY TIME. PLUS A CVERSATION WITH DR. DAVID KESSLER OUT OVEREATING. AND THPOET GALWAY KINNELL ON THE PLSURES OF ORDINARY THINGS. MAJOR FUNDING FOR THE NEWOUR WITH JIM LEER IS PROVIDED BY:

>> 150 YEARS OF FINAIAL STRENGTH ANDHE EXPERIENCE OF AN ESTABLISHED INVESTMT FIRM HAVE COME TOGETHER. WACHIA SECURITIES IS NOW WELLS FARGO ADVISORS. THE FINANCIAL AISORS NEARBY AND NATIONWIDE WITH THE ADVICE AND PLNING EXPTISE TO HELP YO ADDRESS TODAY'S UNIQ CHALLENGES, WE'RE WITH YOU. WACVIA SECURITIES IS NOW WELLS FARGO ADVISORS. TOGETHER, WE'LL GO FR.

>> THIS IS E ENGINE THAT CONNECTABUNDANT GRAIN FROM THE AMERICAN HEARTLAND TO HARA'S BEST SELLINWHOLE WHEAT, WHILE KEEPING 60 BILLION POUNDOF CARBON OUT OF THE ATMOSERE EVERY YEAR. BNSF, THE ENGINE TH CONNECTS US MONNTO. ODUCING MORE. CONSERVING MORE. IMROVING FARMERS' LIVES. THAT'S SUSTAINAB AGRICULTURE. MORE AT producemoreconservemorcom.

>> CHEVRON. THIS IS E POWER OF HUMAN ERGY. AND BY TOYA. >>ND BY THE BILL AND MELINDA GATES FOUNDATION. DEDICATEDTO THE IDEA THAT ALL PEOPLE DERVE THE CHANCE TO LIVE A HEALTHY PRODUCTI LIFE. AND WITH THE ONGOING SUPRT OF THESE INSTUTIONS AND OUNDATIONS. AN.. THIS PROGRAM WAS MADE SSIBLE BY THE CORPORATION F PUIC BROADCASTING. AND CONTRIBUTIONS TO YOUR PBS STATION FROM VIERS LIKE YOU. THANYOU.

>> Woodruff: AMERICANAROUND THE WORLD OBSERVED THANKSGING TODA IN NEW YORK CY, THOUSANDS LINED THE STREETS FOR T ANNUAL MACY'S THANKSGIVG DAY PARADE. OR THE FIRST TIME, MARCHING BANDS, FLOATS, A GIANT BALLOONSOOK A NEW, LONGER ROUTE, BYPASSING BROWAY. ANDCROSS THE COUNTRY, PEOPLE VOLUNTEERED KITCHENS AND HELPED PREPARE AND SERVE THASGIVING MEALS TO THOSE IN NEED. OVERSEAS, U.S. FORCES IN IQ AN AFGHANISTAN HAD THEIR OWN TRADITIOL THANKSGIVING MEALS. "NEWSHOUR" COESPONDENT WAME HOLMAN BEGINS OUR LD STORY COVERAGE. THE AMBASSAD LATER VISITED TRPS RECOVERING IN A HOSPITAL, SOME EATING THEIR ANKSGIVING MEAL IBED AND SENDING WARM WISHES HOME.

>> LOVE YOU AND I MISS YOU VERY MUCH. M A LITTLE BIT BEAT UPUT I'M OKAY.

>> EVEN SOLDIERS INEMOTE AREAS

>> Reporter: EVEN SOLDIERS SERVING IN REMOTAREAS OF AFGHASTAN RECEIVED A TASTE OF HOME. THESE RINES BASED IN A TINY OUTPOST IN THTOWN OF DELARAM ENJOYED MEALS TRUCKEIN FROM A LARGER BASE.

>> IT GOES OD. DIDN'T THINK WE'D BEATING SO GOOD ON TNKSGIVING. DEFINITELY BRINGS HO HERE.

>> Reporte TODAY'S HOLIDAY CELEBRATIONS COME AHE OF PRESIDENT OBA'S ANNOUNCEMENT OF A NEW TTLE PLAN FOR AFGHANISTAN IN A NIONAL ADDRESSUESDAY NIGHT FROM THE UNITED STES MILITARY ACADEMY AT WE POINT. HE MILITARY SAYS IT COULD INCLUDE SOME 30,0 TROOPS-- A ROUGHLY 50% INCASE IN THE NUMBER OF U.S. FORCES ERE, BUT ADMINISTRATION OFFICIA CAUTION THAT T PRESIDENT HAS NOT SETTD ON A FINAL FIGURE. IN H THANKSGIVING ADDRESS FROM THE WHITE HOUS MR. OBAMA OFFERED GRATITUDE TO TRPS OVERSEAS AND THEIRAMILIES.

>> WE EP IN OUR THOUGHTS AND AYERS THE MANY FAMILIES MARKING THIS THANKSVING WITH AN EMPTY SEAT, SAVED FOR SON OR DAUGHT, A HUSBAND OR A WIFE STATION IN HARM'S WAY. WE SAY A SPECIAL THANKSOR THE CRIFICES THOSE MEN AND WOMEN IN UNORM ARE MAKING FOR OUR SAFETY AND FREEDOM.

>> Reporter: PRESIDENT OBMA LATER MADE CALLS T10 U.S. SERVICEMEN AND WOM STATIONED N WAR ZONES TO GE HIS PERSONAL THANKS. OTHER NATO LDERS ALSO ARE CONSIDING SENDING MORE TROOPS TO AFGHISTAN, INCLUDING GERMAN CHANCELLOR GELA MERKEL. OFFICIALS THERE WERE FOCUS TODAY ON THE FORCEDESIGNATIONS OF THE HEAD OF GERMANY'S ARD FORCES AND ANOER SENIOR DEFSE OFFICIAL AFTER IT WAS REPORTED THEWERE INVOLD IN WITHLDING DETAILS OF THE NAT AIR STRIKE LAST STEMBER THAT KILLED 30 CIVILIANS IN NORTHN AFGHANISTAN.

>> Woodff: AND AS AFGHANS AWAIT PRESIDE OBAMA'S TUESDAY SPEECH, TALKED EARLIER TODAY WITH WHINGTON POST KABUL CORRPONDENT JOSH PARTLOW. ROUGH ROH JOSH PARTLOW, THANK YOU VERY MUCH FOR TALKG WITH US. LET ME START BY ASKNG YOU, WI PRESIDE OBAMA'SNNOUNCEMENT MING UP NEXT TUESDAY, WAT ARE ORDINARY AFGHAN OPLE OKING FOR? WHATDO THEY WANTOUT OFHIS NOUNCEMENT?

>> IHINK IMARILY THEY'RE LOOKING FOR BETTER SECURITY IN THE COUNTRY

>> THEY'RE GOING THROUGH THAT VERY DIFFICULT SURGENCY RIGHT NOW. TY WANT SECURITY, THEY WANT JOBS. YOU KNOW, I THINK THEY WANT A COMMITMENT FROM THENITED STATES TT THEY WILL BE HERE LONG-TERM TO HELP THEM AND, YOU KNOW,IT'S A LITTLE BIT UNCLEAR IF THAT WILL HAPP BUT MANY AFGHAN ARE AFRAIDF THE TURN OF T TALIBAN. THEY SEE THE UNITED STAT GOVERNMENTS KIND OF PRPING UP PRESIDENT KARZAI'S GORNMENT HERE AND WITHOUT THEM, YOU KNOW, HE TALIBAN MIGHT SWOOP BACK INTO POWER AND LOT OF THEM ARE AFRAID OF THAT. T THE SAME TIME, I THINK THEY DON WANT SO MANY MORE AMERICAN TROS, THIS IS AN ENDLESS OCCUPATION OR PERCEID AS SUCH AND SO ERE'S AOT OF NATIONALISM AND PRIDE AND THEY WANT TO BEHE DRIVERSF THEIR OWNESTINY HERE IN AFGHANISTAN. SO, YOU KNOWYOU HAVE CONFLICTI OPINIONSR PEOPLE WHO NT MORE SOLDIERS IN THE HOPES AT IT WILL BRING BETTER SECURITYND THERE ARE THOSE W WANT THE AFGHANS T TAKE CONTROL OF THEIR OWN COTRY.

>> WOOD ROUGH: WHAT ABOUT INSIDE THE GOVERNMENT, THE CALF DAN GOVERNMENT. WHAT ARE OFFICIALS SAYIG THEY WANOUT OF THIS AMERICA DECISION?

>> I INK THEY'RETRYING TO WALK A PRETT FINE LNE RIGHT NOW. I THINK IT'SLEAR THAT MORE IS PRABLY BETTER FOR PREDENT KARZA THEY WANT... THEY WT MORE TROOPS, TH WANT THE MONEY, THE FINANCIAL THEY ARE- MANY PEOPL BELIEVE THEY ARE LOSING THIS WAR RIGHT NOW. THEY NEED THE HELP. AT TH SAME TIME, I THINK HE'S BN VERY CAREFUL NOT TO PUBLICLY EMBRACE THE UNITED STATES, FRANKLY. THERE'S BEEN A LOT OF FRICTION BETWEEN TH TWO COUNIES, ESPECIALLY BETWEEN T ELECTION AND E FRAUD THAT TOOK PLACE THERE AND HE IS... HE IS TRYING TO BE... AVD THE PERCEPTION THAT HE IA PUPPET THE AMERIAN GOVERNMENT. WHEN YOU HEAR HIMTALK ABOUT WHAT HE WANTS, HE WANTS THE SUPPORT OF THE SBESHATIONAL COMMUNITY BUTT'S IN ORDER TO STRENGTHEN HIS OWN MINISTRATION, IT'S TO SENGTHEN HIS AFGHAN AR AND THIS SPEECH, HIS INAUGURATION SPEECH, HE SAID HE WANTS AFGHAN SECURITY FORES TO TAKE FULL COROL OF THE SECURITY IN THE COUNTRIN FIVE YEARS AND MANY PEOPLE THINK THAT' A PRETTY AMBITIOUS GOAL BUT HE SAID HE WANT INTERNATIONAL PRIVATE SECURITY COANIES OUT AT TWO YEARS. HE WANTS AMICANS OUT OF RUNNING THE DETENTION CENTER HE WANTS MORE INRNATIONAL FUNDING GOING TOUGH THE AFGHAN BUDGET, UP TO ABOUT HF OF INTERTIONAL FUNDING IN A COUPLE YEARS. SO HE'S... 'S TRYING TO STRENGTHEN HI OWN ADMINISTRATION THROUG WHATEVER SUPORT, ADDITIAL SUPPORT HE GETS FROM THE UNITEDTATES.

>> WOODRUF AND, JOSH PALOW, WE'VE HEARD THE THE GHAN GOVERNMENT IS LOOKINGO ENGAGE WIH THE TALIBAN. TO FIND AAY TO NEGOTTE WITH THEM. HOW MH ARE YOU ARING ABOUT THAT. YEAH, THAT'SA VERY BIG ISSUE RIG NOW. IT'S SOMETHING PREDENT KARZAI SPOKE ABOUT A HIS INAUGURATION SPEECH, AGAIN. IT'S HIS T PRIORITY,E SAYS. HE SAID HE WI CONVENE A LARGE TRIBAL COUNCIL OF LEADERS, INCDING REACHING OUT TO THE TALIBAN HE OFTEN REFS TO THEM AS "MY TALIBAN BROTHERS" TORY TO SOLVE THESE ISSUES. IT'S AERY DIFFICULT TIME DO IS. THEY'VEROVEN TO BE ACAPABLE INSURGENCY. THEY HAVE ASPITIONS TO CONTROL AFGHANISTAN. AGAIN, THEY'RE NOT NECESSARILY IN A POSITIO OF WAKNESS RIGHT NOW AND THEY'RE NOT NECESSARILY... HAVE A LO OF INCENTIVES TO NEGOTIATE.

>> WOOUFF: LAST QUESTION, JOSH PARTLOW. YOU'VE BEEN IN IRAQ AS WE AS AFGHANISTAN HOW MUCH SAFER THE AFGHAN PELE FEEL-- OR D THEY-- THAN, SAY, SIX MONTHS AGO?

>> WELL, I GOT INTO AFHANISTAN ABOUT FOUR MONTHS AGO AND, YOU KNOW, MEAN, IT'SBEEN A... I WOUL'T SAY A STEADINCREASE IN OLENCE, BUT IT'S BEEN COMPARED TO PREIOUS YEARS IN THIS WAR, WE'RE AT THE HIGST LEVELS OF VIOLENCE. SO THINK PEOPLE ARE GENERAY PESSIMISTIC ABOUTHE LEVEL OF SAFETY D SECURIT IT'S PRIMARILY A RURAL INSURGENC BUT IT'S CREEPING INTOHE CITIES WITH MORE AND MORE REGULARITY. AND HERE IN KABUL, IT'S NOT INFRUENT TO HAVE ROCKET ATTKS OR CAR BOMBS OTHOSE THINGSRE NOT AS COMMO ATHEY WERIN THE HEIGHT OF THE VIOLENCE IN IRAQ IN 206 AND 2007. BUT IT'S WORRISE. IT SEEMS TO BE GETTING WORSE.

>> WOODRUFF: JOSH PARTLOW, WE THANK YOU FOR JOING US THIS THANKSGIVINGAY. >>HANKS VERY MUCH FOR HAVG ME.

>> Woodruff: IN OTHER NEWS TODAY: AN ONGOING INQUIRY IO BRITAIN'S DISION TO GO TO WAR IN IRAQ REVEALETHE U.S. FOCUSEDN IRAQ JUST HOURS AFTER THE 9/11 ATTACKS. E FORMER BRITISH AMBASSADORTO THE .S.-- SIR CHRISTOPHER MEYE- TESTIFIED HE SPOKE WITH THEN NATIONAL SECURITY ADVIR CONDOLEEZZA RICE ABOUTT ON SETEMBER 11.

>> SHE SD, "WELL, THERE IS NO DOUBT THIS S BEEN AN AL QAEDA OPERATION." BUT THE END OF THE CONVERSATION, "WE'RE ST LOOKING TO E IF THERE COULD POSBLY BE ANY CONNECTION WIT SADDAM HUSSEIN," ANDHAT WAS THE VERY FIRST TE, ON THE DAY ITSELF, THAT I HEARTHE NAME OF THE IRAQI LEADER MEIONED IN THE CONTE OF 9/11.

>> Woodruff: MER ALSO SAID FORMER PRIME MINTER TONY BLAIR FAILED TO USE HIS INFLUCE WITH THEN PRESIDENT BUSTO STALL THE RUSH TO INVADE IRAQ. THE OGOING HEAD OF THE UNITED NATIONS NUCLEARGENCY VOICED FRUSTRATION IN HIS OBE INTO IRAN'S NUCLEAR OGRAM. MOHAMED ELBARADEI ACKNOWLEDG VTUALLY NO PROGRESS HAD BEEN MADE BEUSE IRAN HAS REFUSED TOS COOPERATE. SPEAKING IN IENNA, ELBARADEI SAID HE WAS DISAOINTED IN IRAN'S RECTION OF INRNATIONAL PROPOSALS.

>> IT IS NOW WELL ER A YEAR SINCEHE AGENCY WAS LAST ABLE TO ENGAGE IRAN IN DISCUSSINS ABT THESE OUTSTANDING ISSUES. WE HAVE EFFTIVELY REACHED A DEAD END, UNLESS IRANNGAGES LLY WITH US. IT WOULD HELP IF WE E ABLE TO SHARE WITH IRAN RE OF THE MATERL THAT IS AT THE CENTER OF TSE CONCERNS.

>> Woruff: ELBARADEI'S ASSESSMENT COM FOUR DAYS BEFORE STEPPING DOWN FRO OFFICE HE'S HELD FOR 12 YEARS. CHINA HAS UNVEILEITS TARGETS FOR REDUCING GENHOUSE GASES. THE GORNMENT SET OUT A GOAL OF REDUCING CARBON ISSIONS UP TO 45%Y 2020. THAT NUMBER WILL BE MEASUD AGAINST ITS GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT, WHICH SHOULDONTINUE TO GROW OVETHE NEXT DECADE. THE GOVERNNT ALSO CONFIRMED PREER WEN JIABAO WILL ATTEND NEXT MONTH'S CLIMATE SUMM IN DENMARK. HACKED E-MAILS ON CLIME CHANGE DREW FRESH REACTION FROM CLITE IENTISTS TODAY. THHEAD OF A U.N. PANEL OF CLIMATE EXPERTS STOOD B SCIENTIFIC EVINCE THAT HUMANS ARTO BLAME FOR GLOBAL WARMING. HE REJECTED CIMS OF BIAS FROM LIMATE CHANGE SKEPTICS. THEY CHARGD THAT E-MAILS STOLEN FROM A BRITISH UNIVERSITSHOWED SCIENTISTS COLLUD TO SUPPRESS DATA THATIGHT UNDERMINE THEIR ARGUNTS. THE CATHOLIC CHURCHN IRELAND HASEEN ACCUSED OF COVERING UP SYSTEMAC CHILD ABUSE DATING BACK DECADES. THREE-YEAR INVESTIGATION INT HOW THE CHURCH DEALT WITH COMPLAIS FROM HUNDREDS OF CHDREN FOUND BISHOPS HID THE CRIMES PROTECT THE CHURCH'S REPUTATION. WE HAVE A REPORT FROM SU SAVILLE OF "INDENDENT TELEVISION NEWS."

>> porter: THE REPORT COVERIN 30 YEARS IN THEIOCESE OF DUBLIN FOUND THAT FOUR ARCHBIOPS DID NOT HAND OVER INFORMATION ABUSERS. E PRIEST HAS ADMITTED SEXUALLY ABUSING MOREHAN A HUNDRED CHILDREN. SOME OF THOSE ABUSED BY PESTS GAVE THEIREACTIONS TO THE REPORT.

>> THIS REPORT IS AHOCKING INDICTMENT ON THE CATHOLIC CHURCH IN DUBLIN. ITSUBLICATION MAY BRING CLOSURE FOROME VICTIMS IT MAY ALSO SER AS THE OY JUSTICE SOME VICTIMSVER RECEIVE. BUT ITS PUBLICATION, IF NOT ACTED UPON, WILL HA BEEN A WASTED OPPORTUNI TO RAISE STANDARDOF CHILD PROTECTION THIS COUNTRY. I

>> THE INSTITUON CAME BEFORE THE WELFARE OF THE CHILDREN OF THIS COUNTRYND ALL THEI DENIAL ARE NOW PROVED TOBE FALSE.

>> Reporter: THE IRISH GOVERNMENT HA PROMISED TO BRI PEPHILE PRIESTS TO JUSTICE F THESE SHOCKINGRIMES.

>> AS I READ IT I FELT A GROWING SENSE OF REVULSION AND ANG. REVULSION AT THE HORRIBLE EVIL ACTS COMMITTED AGAINST YOUNG CHILDRN.

>> Reporter: THE CRENT ARCHBISHOP OF DUBLIN RESPONDED TO THE CAOLIC CHURCH.

>> I OFFER TO EACH AND ERY SURVIVOR MYPOLOGY, MY SORROW, AND MY SHAME FOR WHAT HAPENED. BUT I'M AWARE THAT NO WORDS OF APOLOGY WILL EVE BE SUFFICIENT.

>> Reporter: THE IRISH POLI SAY THEY'RE DELY SORRY FOR FAILING PROTECT CHILDREN. THE REPUTATIO OF THE CATHOLIC CHURCH IN ILAND H BEEN SEVERELY SHAKEN.

>> Woodruff: LAST MAYA SIMILAR INVEIGATION FOUND DECADES OF UNCHECKED CHILD ASE IN IRISH SCHOOLS ANORPHANAGES RUN BY THE CATHOLIC CHURCH. THE SECRETERVICE IS INVESTIGATING A SECITY BREACH DURING TUESDAY'S WHITE HOE STATE DNER. A HUSBAND AND WIFE OM VIRGINIA-- MICHAELEND TAREQ SALI-- MANAGED TO INFILTRATE THE DINNER,UT WERE NEVER ON THE GUT LIST. THEY POSTED PHOTOGRAPHSN THE SOCIAL NETWORNG SITE, "FACEOK," POSING WITH LITIMATE GUESTS. AMONG THEM, WERE SHOTS O VICE PRESIDENT BIDEN, WTE HOUSE CHIEF OF SFF RAHM EMANUEL, A MEDIA PERSONALITIES. THE COLE DID GO THROUGH THE SAME SECURITY SCREENGS FOR APONS AS OTHER ATTENDEES.

>> Woodruff: AND STILL TOOME ON THE "NEWOUR" TONIGHT: MAKING HEALTH CARE DISIONS; PLYING FOR HEALTH; ENDING FOOD CRAVINGS, AND POETALWAY KINNELL. THAFOLLOWS AN UPDATE FROM MUMBAI, INDIA-- ONE YE AFTER THE TERRORIST ATTACKS IT COMES FROM SON ISRAEL OF "INDENDENT TELEVISION NEWS."

>> Reporter: IND'S COMMANDOS USED TODAY'S ANNIVERSARY F A DISPLAY OF CURITY MANEUVERS, WHICH WERE SO ABSENTHEN IT TTERED A YEAR AGO. A PARADE THROH THE HEART OF MUMBAI WAS AN EXTRAVAGA HIBITION OF THE LATEST EQUIPMENT IN T MULTI-MILLION LLARS EFFORTS TO BEEF UP SECURITY SINCE TEN NMAN RAMPAGED THROUGH THE CI KILLING 6 AND INJURING HUNDRS MORE. THEY HAD COME ON ATS. THESE NEW POLICEAUNCHERS WERE ON SHOW TO OFFER REASSURANCIT WON'T HAPPEN AGAIN. THE MORIES OF WHAT HAPPENED ARE STARK-PANIC HAD GRIPPED THE CI. THE ILWAY STATION WAS LITTERED WITH BODIE IT WAS THE SCENE OF A MAACRE. TODAY, IN PLACE OF BLO BEING SHED, BLOOD WAS BEING DOTED. 100 DS WERE SET UP IN THE TERMINA ORGANIZED BY THE RAILWAY AUTHORIES. THERE WERE MANY CANDLELIT GILS ACROSS MUMBAI. NOT JUST REMEMBRANCE OF THE VICTIMS, BUT ALSO PROTEST STILL N ENOUGH IS BEING DONE TOMPROVE A POLICE FORCE WHICH WAS SHAM FOR IT'S INADEQUATE RESPONSE ON THE NIGHT.

>> ( anslated ): THIS CANDLELIGHT VIGIL IS TO RSE AWARENESS THAT THSUPREME COURT RECOMMENDATIO ON POLICE REFORMS HA NOT BEEN IMPLEMENTED BY THE GOVNMENT. NOTHING HAS BEEDONE.

>> Reporter: TODAY'SHOW OF FORCE PARADED PASTHE TAJ MAHAL HOTEL WHICH WAS THE SNE OF A THREE-DAY SEIGE, WHERE THE HOTEL, BLED THE GUNMEN WENT FROM ROOM TO ROOM ROUNNG UP GUESTSWHO THEY EITHER KILLED OR HELD HTAGE, WHILST THE AUTHORITIES STRUGGLED TOAIN CONTRO THE JEWISH CENTER WHICH BEME THE LAST REFUGE FOR O OF THE GUNMEN HAS ONLY JUST REOPENE THWALLS ARE STILL AS THEY WERE. THE BULLET HOL A REMINDER OF THE HORRS. ITWAS HERE RABBI GAVRIEL HOLTERG AND HIS WIFE RIFKA WERE HELD HOSTE THEN KILLED. THEIR TWO-YEAR-OLD BOY SHE WAS REUED. TOY, HE SAW HIS GRANDFATHER RETUR FOR THE FIRST TIME.

>> WHEN I CO HERE AND I SEE THIS, MY HEART IS.. I SEE THIS PLACE, MY CHLDREN IT'S A PLACE IN THE... FOR THE BABY.

>> Reporter: THE SOLE SURVING GUNMAN, AJMAL KAB, HAS BEEN ON TRIAL F SEVEN MONTHS. THE PROSECUTION CASE AINST HIM RU TO 1,000 PAGES.

>> Woodruff: NOW AS T NATION CONSIDERS RORMING HEALTH CARE, A SCUSSION ON CHANGING THE WAY MEDICAL CISIONS ARE MADE. RAY SUAREZ IIN CHARGE.

>> Suarez: SINCE THE HEALTCARE REFORM DETE BEGANONTHS AGO, ONE KEY GOAL REPTEDLY DISCSED IS LOWERING COSTS AND IMPRONG QUALITY BY PRACTICING WHAT' CALLED "EVIDENCE-BASED MEDICI." THAT REFERS TO USING SCIENTIFIC TA IN SDIES TO INFORM DECISIONS ABOUT THE MOS EFFECTIVE TREATMENT. PRESIDENT OAMA HIMSELF MADE THE CASE FOR IT DURING A PRIMETIME NEWS CONFEREE EARLIER THIS YEAR.

>> WHY WOULD W WANT TO PAY FOR THINGS THATON'TORK? THAT AREN'T MANG US HLTHIER? AND HERE'S WHAT I'M CONFIDENT ABOUT IF DOCTORS AND PATIENTSAVE THE BESTNFORMATION ABOUT WHAT WORKS AND WHAT DOESN'T, THEN THY'RE GOING TO WANT TO PAY FOR WHATORKS. IF THERE'S A BLUE PILL AND THIS ED PILL AND THE BLUE PILL IS HALF THE PRICOF THE RED PLL AND WORKS JUST ASELL, WHY NOT PAY HALF PRICE FOR THE THING'S GOING TO MAKEOU WELL? BUT THE SYSTEM RIGHT NOW DOESN'T INCENVIZE THAT. THOSE ARE THE CHAES THAT AR ING TO BE NEEDED.. THAT WE'RE GOING TO NEED TO MAKEINSIDE THE SYSTEM.

>> Suarez:UT IN LIGHT OF THE REENT UPROAR OV MAMMRAMS AND CANCER SCREENINGS, THERE IS EVIDENCE WHETHER EVIDENCE-BASED MEDICINE IS THE RIGHT PLAN. DR. D BERWICK AND DR. JEROME GROOPMAN, PROFESSORF MEDICINE AT HARVARD MEDICAL SCHOOL AND CHIEF OF EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AT BETH ISRAEL DEACONESSEDICAL CENTER. DR. BERWI, LET ME START WITH YOU,IVE ME YOUR BEST THUMBNAIL DEFINITION OF IDEN-BASED MEDICINE.

>> IT'S BASING DECISIONS WE MAKE DOCTORS AND NURSES AND OTHER PRACTITIONERS ON EPERIMENTS AND TRIALS CAN DO TOSSESS THE EFFECTIVENESS OF OPETIONS OR PILLOR TESTS. IT'S FLYING WITH OWLEDGE INSTEAD OF FLYING BY.

>> Suarez: SO TAKING PHAPS ST A SECOND BEFORE MOVING EAD WITH A CRSE OF TREMENT AND ASSESSING WH WE KNOW ABOUT BEST RESULTS.

>> YEAH. IT'S MAKING UP YOUR MIND ABOUT WHAT YOU THINK WORKS AND WHAT ESN'T BASED ON EVIDCE INSTEAD OF HABIT O JUST BELIEFS.

>> Suarez: WELL, THATAS MY NEXT QSTION FOR DR. GROOPMAN. EVIDENCE-BASED AS OPSEED TO WHAT? WHAT ARE THE OTHE TOOLS THAT A DIAGNOSEOS TIGS MAKES THAT MAKES USE OF?

>> WELL, I THINK EVERY GOOD DOOR SHOULD LOOK ATVIDENCE AND PUTTING MEDICINE ON FIRM SCIENTIFIC FOOTI ISPRECISELY WHAT WE WANT T DO. THE PROBLEM THAT THE EVIDENCE WE HAVE COM FROM STATISTS, FROM INICAL STUDIES AND THEY MAY NOT APPLY TO THE PARTICULAR PATIENT WHOM YORE CARING FO SO THEN YOU HAVE T MAKE A CONDERED JUDGMENT. YOU LOOK AT THE EVIDEN BUT THEN YOU MAY ALSO DRAW ON PRIOR EXPERIENCE WITHTHER PATIENT SIMILAR THIS ONE BECAUSE NOT EVERYONE FS INTO THE CATEGORY WHERE THEATA COME FR. ERE'S ALSO IMPORTANT AENTION TO THE PREFERENCES OF PEOPLE, WHAT A PIENT WANTS, THE QUALITY OF LIFE. DO TY WANT TO TAKE THE RISKS OF THAT BLUE PILL OR RED PILL VERSUS NO TREATMENT? A OFTEN WE TRY TO ENCOURAGE THEM BUT WE SULD NEVER COERCE THEM. AND MOST IMPORTANTLY, THINK, IS THAT EVIDEN CHANG THERE IS NO... IT NOT ABSOLUTE. GET NEW INFORMATION FROM NEW STUDIES BUT AO WHAT WEALL BEST PCTICES COMES FR A GROUP OF EXPERTS SITTING TOGETHER AND MAKIN JUDGMENTS. IE... YOU KN, ON THOSE COMMITTEES THER ARE OFTEN CREDIBLE EXPERTSHO DISAGREE WITH THE DATA, JUST LIKE WE'RE SEEING IN THE MAMMRAM DEBATE. AND IT'S NOT A MATT OF BEING IGNORANT OF SCIENCE, IT'S A ATTER OF JUDGING THE QUALITY OF THE EVIDENCEND HOW BROADLYIT APPLI. SO I THINK EVYONE AGREES EVIDENCE EXTREMELY IMORTANT. BUT WE NEED TOE EXIBLE AND MOST IMPORTANTLY WE SULD NEVER MANDATE THAT EVE PATIENTBE TREAT ACCORDING TO ONE PROTOCOL.

>> arez: D. BERWI, WHAT ABOUT SOME OF THO POINTS? LET'S BEGIN WTH WHERE DR. GROOPM BEGAN. NOT EVERY PATIENT FITSEATLY INTO YOUR USE OF EVIDENCE DATA TO FIGURE OU A COURSE OF TREATMENT.

>> WELL, THAT'S ESSENTIALLY RIGHT. A GOOD DOCTOROING HIS OR HER BEST TO TAKE CAR OF A PATIENT IS COMBINING THE KIND OF EVIDENCEE'RE TALKING ABOUT WITH HER FACTORS THAT DR. GROOPMAN IS MEIONING LIKE VALUES, UNCERTAINTIES SPECIFIC THIS YOU CAN KNOW ABOUT A PATIT. BUT I STI CLAIM EVIDENCE IS ALWAYS BETTER THAN NOT EVIDENCE. HAVING SCIENTIFIC KNOWLED PROVIDES BETTER IUT IF DECISIONS LIKE THAT. BY THE WAY, WE HAVE A L OF EVENCE THAT VERY CLEAR-CUT CASES WHERE W KNOW WHAT WORK D WHAT DOESN'T ARENOT... THAT FORMATION IS NOT HONORED DECISION MAKING. THERE'S KIND OF CHAOS THROUGHOUT INHE HEALTH CARE SYSTEM WHERE A LOTF THINGS PAENTS SHOULD GET THEY DOT D A LOT OF THGS THEY OULDN'T GET THEY DO. THERE ARE A T OF SUCH CLEAR-CUT CASES ANDIN THOSE CASEI THINK WE SHOULD B RAISING THE BAR A BIT ON HOW STRICTLY WE WANT TO ADHERE TO WHAT SCIENCE IS TELLI US.

>> Suarez: AT ABOUT THE POINT TH DR. GROOAN MADE THAT EVIDECE CHANGES. THAT WHAT WE KNOW OR THINK WE KNOWOR SURE ONE YEAR MAY NOT BE THE CE FURTHER DO THE ROAD?

>> THAT'S A PRESCRIPTION FOR HOW YOU SHOULDNGAGE IN EVENCE-BASED MEDICINE, HICH IS CONTINUALLY TO MONITOR AND UPDATE WHAT WE KNOW. WE'RE WAY UNDERINVESTD IN THE KIND ORESEARCH THAT DR. GROOPMAN'SOMMENT WOULD PLY. E NEED TO INVEST MU MORE AS A NATION IN THE NTINUOUS STUDY AND UPDATING OFWLEDGE AS THING GO ALONG. TO LOCK OURSELVES IN IN CONCRETE AANY PARTICULAR POINT IN TIME IS AMISTAKE BECAUSE, AS DR. GROOAN SAYS, THINGS WILL CHANGE. BUT WE'LL ONLY KNOW THEY CHANGE F WE KEEP DOING THE RESEARCH.

>> Suare DR. BERWIC IS THERE A RISK THATHEN A PATIENT COMES IN THROUGHHE FRONT DOOR WITH MIX OF THE KNOWN AND THE UNOWN THT WE WILL IN EFFECT PUT THEM A SLOT, IN A CATEGORY TT FITS THE EVIDCE THAT WE HAVE AT HAND RATHER THAN FORCING US T GO PLACES WHERE PERHS OUR EXPERIENCE ISN'T AS MUCHS A GUIDE?

>> ABSOLUTELY THERE A RISK ND THAT'S WHY IS WISE NOT TO PUT HANDCUFFS ON PSICIANS OR NURS ANDTHERS WHEN THE MAKE THESE DECISIONS. WE NEED TOONOR JUDGMENT AND WELCOMEUDGMENT. BEWE ALSO NEETO HONOR EVIDENCE AND SENCE. IN THE D, WE WANT INFORM THE ENCOUNTER WITH THE BEST OWLEDGE WE POSSIBLY CAN AND LEAVE A SE PATIENT AND WISE DOCTOR MAKE THE BEST CHOICE FOR THE PATIENT.

>> Suarez: DR.ROOPMAN, DOES THE AVAILABLEVIDENCE TELL US ENOUGH WHEN TRYING TO FIGURE OUT WHE TO GO NEXT WITH A PATIENT? IN THE CASE OF WOMEN AND MINOTIES WHO OFTENAVE NOT HAD THE BESTRACK RERD IN CLINICAL TRIALS BECAUSE THEY ARE UNDERSAMPLES OR UNDERINVESTITED.

>> ABSOLUTE. THS IS ONE OF THEREAT GAPSN EVIDENCE A I THINK AS DR.ERWICK-- WHOM I KNOW AS DON-- JUST SID, IT'S VERY IMPORTANT TO INVE IN GETTING THIS KI OF INFORMATION. DIFFERENT ETHNIC GROUPS, DIFFERENT RACIAL GROU OFTEN HANDLE DRUGS DIFFERENTLYTHAN THIS SORTF TYPICA CAUCASIAN OR WHITE PATIENT. MEN MAY HAVE DIFFERENT UTCOMES WITH REGARD TO HEART DISEASE AND S ON. BUT I THINK DONND I AGREE WITH REGARD TO HANDCUFFING, WHAT CONCNS ME ISHAT THE'S A BIG DIFFEREN BETWEEN THE HOUSE BILL AS CURRENTLY WRITT AND THE SENATE BILL. HE HOUSE BILL HONOR AT IS DR. BERWICKND I HAVEEEN SAYING IN THAT IT MAKES SACRED THE JUDGMENTETWEEN DOCTOR AND PATIENT. SOALLED INFORMED, SHAR DECISION MAKING. THE ICENTIVES IN THE CURRENT NATE BILL TO MY MIND ARE POTENTIALLY DANGOUS BECAUSE THEY BASICALLY PAY PEOPLE TO FOLLOW WHAT THEY SAY ARE BE PRACTICESR EIDENCE-BASED MED ANYONE IS A VERYROADWAY. AND THAT COULD EASILY LEAD TOE THEOCTOR BEINGN A POSITION TO ERCE A PATIENTWHO-TO-DO SOMETHING IN WHICH THE PATNT WOULD'T WANT TO DO O WHERE THE CTOR DISAGREES WITH THE GUIDELINES. HTHINKS THAT EVENCE T EVIDENCE IS NO COMPELLING.

>> Srez:R. BERWICK, HOWO YOU RESPOND TO TT POINT ABOUT THE EFCT THAT IT WOULD HAVE TO MOVE EVIDENCE-SED MEDICINE TO A MORE CERAL ROLE IN T WAY WEROVIDE CARE AND TREATMENT?

>> I HAVE NO QUESTIO IN MYMIND THAT WE SHOULD MOVE EVIDENCBASED MEDICINE2G. THE'S A LOT OF CHAOS OUT HERE. I THINK WE HAVE BE VERY WISE ABOUT WHEN WE ATTA INCENTIVES TO ANY PARTILAR FORM OF CARE FOR AN INDIVIDUAL PATIEN AGREE WITH JRY ON THAT. I WOULD ARG THAT THERE ARE SOME CASES I WHICH THE SCIENTIFICVIDENCE IS SO CLEAR-CUT FOR OR AGAINST THESE OF MEDICATION THAT IT DOESN'T MAKE SENSE TO BE WARDING BEHAVIOR BEHAVRS ON THE PART OF ANY CLINICIAN THAT ARE HARM TO FEEL PIENTS. SO WE HAVE TO ATEND TO SOME FO OF INCREASING THE STAKES AROUND THE USE OF EVIDENCE

>> BUT HOW WOULD IT LOWER COSTS, DOCTOR?

>> WELL, THERE'S A BALANCE IN OUR COUNTRY BETWE UNDERUSE OF THINGS TH CAN HELP PEOPLE AND OVERUSE OF THINGS TAT CAN'T. THERE ARE A LOT OF TESTSDONE, A LOT OF PROCEDURES A HOSPITAL ADMISSION WHIC IS WE KNOW SCITIFICALLY CAN'T HELP A PATIENT. THIS ISN'T A MATTER OF A DOCTOR NOT EXERCISING GOO JUDGMENT, 'S A MATTER OF POPLE IGNORING THE IDENCE OR NOT KNOWG ABT IT. MY OWN OPINION ISHE BALANCE IS SUCH AT IF WE DID ADHERE A LITTLE MORE CLOSELY TO WHAT WE KNOW, HE OVERUSE OF UNNECESSARY THGS WOULD GO DOWN, COULD GO DOWN QUITE SUBSTANTIALLY. NOBODY WOULD BE HARMED PATIENTS WOULDE BETTER OFF SUBJECD TO LESS RISK AN THAT SHOULD REDUCEOST. THERE'SEBATE ABOUT THE BALANCE BUT I INK WORKING HARD ON THE OVERUSOF INEFFECTIVE PRACTES IS A VERY GOOD Y FOR US TO SAVE MOY AND NOT HARM A HAIR ON A PATIENT'S HEAD.

>> WELL, THAT SOUNDS LIKE COMMON SENSE,R. GROOPMAN, HOW DO YOU RESPOND TO DR. BERWI?

>> I AGREE IN PRINCIPLE. I HINK MY FOCUS IN TERMS OF EVIDENCE-BASED APPLICATNS WHERE WHERE SAVE QTE A BIT OF MONEY TUALLY COMES FROMHE KIND OF INITIATIVES THAT DON BERWICK HAS SPEAEADED AND THOSERE SAFETY INITIAIVES, ERE ARE HUGE MS OF MONEY WH REGARD TO PATIENTS ENTERING HOSPITALND DEVELOPING IECTIONS WITHIN THE HOSPITA THIS CAUSES A GREAT DEAL OF SUFFERING, SOTIMES DEATH, PROLONGED ADMISSIONS AND SO ON. AND AS DON SAYS, THERERE PROCEDURES IN TERMS OF HOW TO FELY PUT IN AN INTRAVENOUS CATHETER AND SO ONHERE YOU CAN PROTECT PARROT AND EVERYONE AGREES THAT YOU COULD SAVE A GREAT DEAL OF MONEY, YOU COULD SPARE PATIENTS HARM AND THERE IS NO THREATTO PATIENT AUTONOMY. BUT I THINK WE HAVE TO BEERY, VERY STRICT AROUND STING THOSE BARRIERS WITH THE CURRENT LEGISLATION. BECAUSE THE EVIDENCE CHANG ITE A BIT ONCE YOU MOVE AWA FROM THOSE KINDS OF SAFETY MEASURES AND WHAT ARE CALLED RULES ING THINGS IN A CARFUL PROCEDURAL WAY IN THEINTENSIVE CE UNIT OR EMERGENC ROOM. A A DR. GROOPMAN, DR. BERWICK, GENTLEMEN, THANK YOU BO.

>> THK YOU, RAY.

>> Woodruff: THERE'S MORE AUT EFFORTS TO REFORM THEEALTH CARE SYSTEM, INCLUDG A RECENT INTERVIEW WITH TWO FORR SECRETARIES OF HEAL AND HUMAN SERVICES ON OUR B SITE: newshour.pbsrg. NO A STORY ABOUT MAKING RECESS MORE PRODUCTIVE. ONCE UPON A TIME, SOOL RECESS WAS TAKEN FOR GRANTE BUT THAT'S NOT NECESSARILY T CASE THESE DAYS ASNEWSHOUR" CORRESPONDENT SPENCER MICHE EPORTED EARLIER THIS YEAR. HERE'S AN ENCO LOOK.

>> Reporr: IN THE PLAYGROUNDS OF INNER CITYCHOOLS THROUGHOUT THE UNTRY, RECESS CAN BE CHAOTIC. SO UULY IN FACT, THAT SOME SCHOOLS HAVE ELIMINATED OR SHRTENED IT. WHEN IT'S DISORGANIZ AND UNSUPERVISED, KI WANDER AIMLESSLY; BULLNG IS COMMONPCE; PUTDOWNS ARE PART OF PLAROUND LIFE. ARGUMENTS BECOME FIGHTS. THAT'S THE W IT USED TO BE AT THIS OAKLAND, CALIFORNIA, SCOL AND OERS. WORKING ON THE SCHOOLYARTODAY, YANT HICKS SAYS A FEW ARS AGO, THINGS WERFAR DIFFERENT.

>> CHAIC; THERE MAY BE GAMES BEING PLED BUT THEY'RE NOT THE FEST GAME BEING PLAYED. SO IF THERE'S A SCER GAME EING PLAYED, THERE ARE KIDS RUNNINTHROUGH GAMES. IT'SORE OF A PUSHING AND SHOVING MATCH

>> Reporter: THE NATIAL EMPHASIS ON ACADEMIC AIEVEMENT IS ANOTHER REASONECESS IS UER THREAT. SOME EDUTORS ARGUE THAT TIME OR MONEY PUT IO PLAY PERIODS TAKES AAY FROM TEACHING THE THREE "Rs." BUT ELIMINATI OR CUTTING BACK THEOURTH "R"-- RECESS -- OUTRAGES JILL VLET.

>> WHAWE KNOW IS THAT KIDS WHO GERECESS PERFORM BETTER ACADEMICALLY.

>> Reporter: SHE FOUNDED SPORTS4KIDS, A N-PROFIT THAT SUPPLIES FULL-ME COACHES TO 170 MOSTLY INNER-CITY ELENTARY HOOLS ACROSS THE COUNTRY TO ORGANIZE AND RUN RECESS.

>> THESERVE AS SORT OF A PROXY FOR THE OLDER KIDS OF YORAND THEY BASICALLY ARE GOI INTO THECHOOL CLIMATE AND SCHOOL ENVIRONMENT AND THEY'RE TEHING THKIDS THE RULE, THE CULTURE OF PLAY, THE LES OF THE GAME-- A IT CHANGES THE WHOLE SCHL DYNAMI

>> Reporter: SHE BELIEV PLAY TIME IS ESNTIAL-- A VITAL TOOL THAHELPS, NOT HINDERS-- ACADEMIC PERRMANCE.

>> IT MAKES IT POSSIBLE F TEAERS TO REALLY FOCUS ON WHAT THEY DO BEST. AND OUR RSON CAN TAKE RESPONSIBILITY FOR THE CTURE THAT DEVELOPS THAT, T WRAP AROUND SERVIS THAT MAKES SCHOOLS WORK ALLY WELL.

>> Reporter: HORACE MANNCHOOL IN OAKLAND PAYS $23,0 A YEAR FOR THE PROAM, WHICH ACTUALLY COSTS ABOUT $50,000. THE REST COMES FROM THE ROBE WOOD JOHNSON FOUNDATION-- SO A "NEWSHOUR" NDER. THIS SCHOOL IS 55% TINO; 35% AFRICAN AMERIN, AND THE INCOME LEVEL IS LOW. THEOACH KEEPS THE KIDS PLAYING GAMES, LIKE SOCCE OR FOUR SQUARE OR DOUBLE DUTCH,ND SETTLING DISTES.

>> TSE KIDS, I THINK, MAYBE IS THE ENVIRONMENT THEY LIVE IN. IT'S JT MORE ANGER. THEY GET ANGRY TSTART OFF WITH. THEY WANT TO PUSH OR OVE OR YELL, TO SEE WHO E PERSON IS WHO GETTO CONTROL THE GAME. WHERWE WANTO MAKE IT THAT ANY PERSON CAN PLAYNY GAME, NO MATTER WHATHAPE OR SIZE. WANT A SAFE ENVIRONMENT.

>> ReporterALANNA LIM-- THE PRINCIPAL AT RACE MANN-- CHOSE TO USE THE PROGRAMECAUSE OF WHAT ITOES BOTH IN THE SCHOOL YARD.

>> DOING YARD DUTYS ALMOST A ECE OF CAKE. THERE ARE HARDLY ANY PROBMS. THE HASN'T BEEN ONE SINGLE FIGHT ON THE YARD. >>Reporter: AND IN THE CLASSROOM.

>> THTEACHERS SPEND LESS TIME DEALING ITHE CLASSROOM WITH PLAYOUND PROBLEMS. THAT MEA MORE INSTRUCTIONAL MINUTES RIGHT OFF THE BAT. THE KIDCOME BACK MORE REFRESHED.

>> Reporter: LIM ALSO LES THE FACT THAT HER STUNTS ARE NOW PRTICING CONFLICT RESOLUTION-- SETLING ARGUMENTS ABOUT GAMES USING "RHAMBEAU."

>> YOU KNO ROCK, PAPER, SCISSORS, RIGT,-- ONE,WO REE, AND YOU CHOE. THE PBLEM IS SETTLED RIGHT THERE, WHETHEROU DISAGREE WITH THE SOLUTION OR NOT. IT'S RKED OUT REALLY WELL.

>> Reporter: MARLENI NCHEZ IS AN 11-YEAR-OLD FIFTHRADER, WHO HAS BECOMA JUNIOR CCH, HELPING THE SPORTS4KIDS PROFEIONAL COACH ON THE YARD.

>> WE'RTRYING TO GET GOOD SPRTSMANSHIP AND PLAY WITH EA OTHER NICELY.

>> Reporter: H DO YOU DO THAT? IF YOU GET INTO AN ARGUMEN ALL YOU VE TO DO IS ROCHAMBEAU. WHOEVER WINS GETSHE BALL OR WHATEVER, IDOESN'T MEAN THEY LOSE.

>> Repter: PLAY-- AT RECESS AND LUNCH RIODS, VIALET IT ALSO IS EENTIAL FOR CHILDOD DEVELOPMENT. E CITES A RECENT STUDY PUBLISHED THE JOURNAL PEDIRICS, THAT SAYS CHILDREN WHHAD AT LEAST 15 MINUTES OF RESS HAD FEWER BEHAVIORAL PROBLEMS THAN THOSEHO GOT NO RECESS. ATTENDEES AT A SAFRANCISCO CONFERENCE ON PLAY HEARD FR RESEARCHERS WHSAID THE NESSITY OF PLAY HAD BEEN PROVEN IN ANIMAL STUDIES. PSHIATRIST AND AUTHOR STUART BROWN-- FOUNDER OF THENSTITUTE FOR PLAY-- SAYS STIES SHOW THAT YOUNG RATS ED PLAY TO FUNCTION.

>> RATS, FOR EXAMP, HAVE A TENNCY TO ENGAGE IN ROUGH AND TUMBLE PLAY FROM FOUR TO WEEKOLD. D WHEN YOU SUPPRESS THAT BEHAVIOR, THEY CAN TELL FRIEND FROFOE. THEY HAVE INFLEXIBILITY I SOCIAL RELIONSHIPS WITH OTHER RATS, AND THEY HAVE TUBLE. THEY DOT REPRODUCE.

>> Reporte THERE ARE IMLICATIONS FOR HUMANS, SAYS BROWN.

>> SERIOUPLAY DEPRIVATION IN HUN BEINGS HAS SERIOUS CONSEQUEES. AND THOSE CONSEQUENCES ARE INABILITY TO HAVE ASUCH RESILIENCE AND SOCIAL COMPETEY, AND OTHER ELEMENTS LIKE GOOD MORY AND CURIOSITY.

>> Reporter: A CLOSE OBSERV OF THE OAKLD SCHOOL DISTRICT AND ITS BOARD, RETIRED ACHER JIM MORDEI IS NOT CONVINCED THAT SPENDING MONEY ON RECESIS THE BEST WAY TO USE SOOL FUNDS. >EACH SCHOOL IN OAKLAND TH PAICIPATES IS $23,500. YOU MULTIP IT OUT BY THE 37 SCHOOLS, THAT'S ER $800,000. SO WE JUST CU15 EARLY CHILDHOOD TCHERS. A LOT OF THEM COULD HAVE BE SAVED BY THA IN TH TERRIBLE ECONOMY, WE HAVE TO DOWNSIZE.

>> Reporter: NERTHELESS, SPORTS4KIDS CONTINUEPREACHING THE GOSPELF WELL-ORGANIZED PLAY TO AN EVER LARGER AUDICE. EVEN WITH SCHOOBUDGETS BEING CUT, IT IS EXPANDI TO 240 SCHOOLS NAONWIDE THIS FALL.

>> Woruff: FOR MANY AMERICANS, TODAY'S THANKSGIVG MEAL IS ONE OF THEREAT FEASTS OF THE YEAR. IT'S ALSO THE BEGINNING OF MUCH LONGER HOLAY SEASON THAT INCLUDES PLEN OF PARTIES, PLENTY OF FOOD A, FREQUENTLY, O MANY CALORIES. WITH THAT IN MID, WE HAVE A SEND LOOK AT A BETTY ANN BOWSER CONVERSATION ABOUTVER- EATINGND OUR CRAVINGS. OUR HEALTH UN IS A PARTNERSHIP WITH THE BERT WOOD JOHNSON FOUNDATION.

>> WEE HAD LAYERS UPONAYERS OFFAT ON FA ON FAT.

>> porter: WHEN DR. DAVID KESSL WALKS THROUGH A FOOD URT THESE DAYS, HE SEE WHAT IS OTHERS MAY NOT.

>> YOU COULD CNGE THE NAME OF THIS PLACE TO "FAT A SUGAR." THERE IT'S "AT AND SLT." THAT'S "AT,UGAR, AND SALT." >>eporter: THAT'S BECAE THE FORMER CMISSIONER OF THE FOOD AND DRUG MINISTRATION HAS PENT THE PAST SEVEN YEA MEETING WITH DOCTORS SCITISTS AND FOOD INDTRY INSIDERS TO UNDERSTAND WHAT DRIVES S MANY AMERICANS TO EAT SO MUCH. KESSLER EXAINS IN HIS BOOK THE D OFVEREATING WHAT HEOUND DURING HIS INVESTIGATION DR. KESSLER,HY DID YOU DECIDE TO WRITE THIS BOO > THE BOOK HAD SEVERAL BEGINNIN. I WAS SITTINGIN MY OFFICE AT YALE WITH A GROUP OF RSIDENTS AN STUDENTS AND WE ASK THE QUESTION AND WE WNT TO SAY THERE'S A LINE. WHAT CAN W DO TO PREVENT GETTING A MAJOR DISEASE? THREE QRTERS OF US ARE GOING TO DIEF CARDIOVASCULAR DSEASE OR SOKE OR CANCER. SO I WAS VERYINTERESTED IN PREVENTING DISEASE AND IF YOU'RE INTERTED IN PREVENTING DIASE WEIGHT IS CRITICAL, CRITICAL FACTOR BUT FOR ME, UNRSTANDING WHAT TO DO ABOUT WEIGHT WAS THE GREAT MYSTERY. THE FOODNDUSTRY HAS BEEN ABLE FIGURE OUT THE OTIMAL COMBATIONS OF FAT AND SALT, FAT AN SUGAR, FAT, SUGAR AND SALT THAT YOU THINK TASTES GOOD. BUT WHEN YOU LOOK A THE SCIENCE WEOWKNOW THAT THOSE INGREDITSTIMULATE, THEY CTIVATE, THE BRAIS CIRCUITRY. THEY STIMULATE OUR INTAKE. THEY CONDION US. THEY DRIVE US TO WANT MORE... THEY AFFECT THE NEURIRCUITS. FOR DECADES, THE FOOD INDUSTRY HAS SAID EY'RE JUST GIVING CONSURS WHAT THEY WANT. BUT, IN FACT NOW WE KNO THAT WHAT THEY'REDOING IS EXCESSIVELY ACTIVATING THE BRAIN'S IN MILLIONS OF AMERINS. THE MOST IMPORTANT PART OF THE NEW NUTTION FACTS LABEL....

>> Reporter: FOR KESSLER, WHO TACKLESIG TOBACCO AND REINVENTEDOOD LABELS IN THE 1990s, THE RESEACH WAS PERSONAL. HE WAS POWERSS TO CONTROLIS OWN EATNG AND HE FOUND OUT HE WASN'T ALONE.

>> ISED TOHINK I WAS EATING R NUTRITION, THAT I WAS EATING TO SATISFY MYSELF. I DIDN'TEALIZE THAT I WAS EATING FOR SMULATION. AND THAT THAT STIMULATION LOCKE IN THE NEURA CIRCUITS STRENGTHENETHOSE NEURAL CIRCUITS EVERY TIME I GAGED IN THAT BEHAVIOR IWOULD DOIT AGAIN AND AGAIN. I DIDN'T UNDERSTAND WHY I HAD GAINED AND LOST WEIGHT OVER MY LETIME. MANY TIMES. HE IS ME 1999.

>> Reporter: I N'T BELIEVE IT!

>> HERE ISE TH.

>> Reporter:AND WITHIN WH PEOD OF TIME?

>> JUST UP AND DOWN THROUGHOUT MYIFETIME.

>> Report: ALL THE TIME, HUH?

>> AND RE I AM AGAIN BIG. Reporter: WHAT DO YOU THINK THE PROBL WAS?

>> I DIDN'T KNOW I DIDN'T KNOW. I KNEW IT WAS NOT AS SIMPLE AS DIETND EXERCISE. TO ME IS WAS THE GREAT MYSTER I VIEW MYSEL AS SOMEBODY WELL DISCIPLINED, WELL EDUCATD. WHY WAS IT SO HARD TO RESIS Reporter: AND DR. KESSLER KNOWS HE HA PLENTY OF COMPANY. ABOUTNE-THIRD OF AMERICAN ADULTS ARE OBESE OR OVERIGHT, A RATE THAT'S DOULE WHAT IT WAS THREE DECADES AGO ACCORNG TO THE CENTERS FOR DISEASE CONTROL.

>> IF I PUT THE CHOCOLATE CHIP OKIES, IF I JUST TA THESE CHOLATE CHIP COOKIES WITH OTHER CHOCOLE COOKIES I PUT EM OUT.

>> Reporter: OH WOW, THEY SLL OOD. Reporter: WHY DO THESE COOKIES VE SUCH POWER OV US? THAT'S WHAT I WANTED TO UNDETAND. WHAT IS ABOUT THESE CKIES THAT CAPTURE MY ATTENTION? I' GOING TO BE SITTING HERE STENING TO YOUR QUESTION, BUT THESE COOKIES CAPTE MY ATTENTION. I WANT THESE. WHAT IT IS ABUT THAT?

>> Reporter: BUT WHAT IS IT?

>> THE IS A THERY THAT HAS EMERGED, NOT A DEASE BUT SEVERAL CHARTERISTICS THAT WE JUST STUDIED BETWEEN TAKING PEOPLE WHO HA THESE CHARACTERISTICS-- LOSSOF CONTL, LACK OF SATIATION, PREOCCUPATION WITH FOO-- AND WE SCANN... WE'VE DONE THE NEUROIMAGI AND WHAT'S FASCINATG IS THAT THIR RESPONSE TO THE FOOD, JST TO THE SIGHTTOR SME, THEIR BRAINS G ACTIVATED, THEIR AMYGDALA REGIONS BECOME ACTIVATED AND BECOME AMY PHIEDMUCH GREATER THAN HEALTHY CONTROLS. AND WHAT'S FASCINATING IS PEOPLE WHO'VE H THIS CONDITION OF HYPEREATING, CE THEY STT CONSUMING T FOOD, THAT ACTIVATION SYS ELEVATE AND OESN'T SHUFF UNTIL THE FOOD IS GONE. IT'SOT A MATTER O WILL POWER.

>> porter: IN YOU BOOK YOU TALK ABOUT HOW AMERICANS NEED TO GO TO ODEHAB. WHAT DOESHAT MEAN?

>> REHAB IS NE LEARNING. IT'S THE LAYING DOWN OF NEW URAL CIUITRY ON TOP OF T OLDIRCUITRY ON TOPF THELD LEARNG. SO UNTIL I CAN L DOWN NEW CIRCUITRY, NEWEARNING, I'M NEVER GOING TO BE ABLE TO SIST. DIETS DON'T WORK. WHAT WE NEED IS CHANGE OUR RELATIONSHIP WITH FOOD.

>> Reporter: AND ONE OF THE THING DR. KESSLER THINKS WOULD HELP MANY PEOPLE MAKE THAT CHANGE ISO FORCE RESTAURANTS TO DISCLOSEHE CONTENTS O EVERYTHING ON THEIR MENU, INCLUDING CALOES, SALT, SUGAR, AND FAT. SIMILAREGULATIONS ARELREADY IN EFFECT IN SOME PLACES LIKE NEW YORK CITY.

>> IT BEGINS WITH DISCLOSRE, BUT IN THE END WE'RE GING TO HAVE TO LOOK AT FOOD DIFFERENY. WE HAVE TO CHANGE WHAT WE WANT, WHA WE VAL. THAT'S THE REAL KEY. THAT'S HOW YOU TAKE ON GRT PULIC HEALTH CHLENGES. THAT'S Hcx WE MADE THE DIFERENCE IN TOBACCO. WE CHANGHOW WE AS A CNTRY EW THE PRODUCT FROM WHERE THA WAS SOMETHING TH... A CIGARTE WAS SOMETHING I WANTED THAT'S A DEAD, DISGUSTING PRODUCT. THE BUSISS PLAN OF THE INDUSTRYAS BEEN TO TAKEHAT SUGAR AND SAL, MAKE IT MULTISENSORY, MAKE IT IRRESISTIBLE, PUT IT ON EVERY CORNER. D THAT BEHAVIOR HAS RESUED IN MILLIONS OF AMERICAN HAVING A VERY HARD TIME CONTROLLING THEIR EATING. IT'S ONLY GOING TO CHANGE ONCE WE UNDERSTND WHT'S GOING ON. IF WE CONTINUE TO ALLOW E FOOD INDUSTRY TO PUT F, SUGAR,ND SALT ON EVERYORNER. TO LOAD IT IN OUR FD. TO BE DOUBLE FRYG OUR FOO, TO BE INCTING IT WITH NEEDLES, TO BE BATHING IT IN SOLUTIONS OF SUGAR AND FAT, BE PRE-DIGESTING TH FOOD, ADDING THE ETIONAL VERTISING, STULATING THE BRAINS OF MILLIONS OF AMERICANS, WE'RE NEVER ING TO BE ABLE TO GET A HANDLE ON HEALTH CARE AND ESPECIALLY THE COS OF ALTH CARE. THE FOOD IS... IN ESNCE IT'S CONSTRUCTED.

>> Reporter: DR. KESSLEROPES HIS BOOK WILL LAUH A NATIONWIDE MOVEMENTO MAKE AMERANS MORE AARE OF WHAT THEY ARE EATING AND WHY TH EAT SO MUCH.

>> Woodruff: FINLY TONIGHT, AN ENCO POEM ABOUT THE PLEASURES OF ORDINARY THIN. IT COMES FROM GALWAY KIELL, A PULITZER PRIZEND NATIONAL BOOK AWARD WINNER, MACARUR FELLOW AND FORMER STATE POET VERMONT.

>> I GALWAY KIN NELL AND I HAVE HERE A POEM CALLED "WHY REGR." THE POEM TOOKE A VERY LONG TIME TO WRITE, PERHA TWO OR THREE YEARS STOPPING HERE D THERE T ADD THINGS THAT CAME TO ME IN THE MEANTIME. I D IN MIND THAT THE POEM IS ADDRSED TO ALL REARS, INCLUDING SELF READING IT OVER TO TELL US TO REMEMBER THE PLEURES AND THE CONFIDENCE WE GAIN FROM ENGAGI RSELVES WITH THE COMMONACTS, THE ORDINARY THINGS, THE OTHER PREACRS, TOOBD REMIND US IN IS HOLIDAY SEASON WHEN WE GET REPOTS EVERYDAY OF THE MOST HORRIBLE KILLINGS THAT NEVERTHESS WE HAV VERY MUCH TO BE GRATEFUL FOR. HY REGRET. DIDN'TOU LIKE THE WAY THE ANTS HELP THE GLOBES OPEN BY EATING E GLUE OFF? WEREN'T YO CHEERED TO SEE THE IR WORKERS SITTING ON AN I-BEA DANGING FROM A CABLE IN A ROW LIK STARLINGS EATG LUNCH, MANN MAYB BOLOGNA ON WHI WITH FLUOREENT MUSTARD? WASN'T IT A REVELATION TO WALE OM THEEST CHAIR ALL THE WAY UP THE RIVER THE KILL, THE PEARL, THE RN, THE RENT, T BECK, THE SIGHT RELY TRICKING TO THE SHOCK OF THE SPRING. DIDN'T YOALMOST SHIVER HEARIN BOOK LICE CLICKING THE SEXUAL DISINNOCENCE INSI AN OLD WEBSTER' NEW INTERNATIONAL, PERHA HAVINGJUST EATENUTT EASTER AND THELASCICON. FORGET ABOUT BCKING EMACIATED. THINK OFHE WRENS AND HOW LITTLE FLESH IS NEEDED TO MAKE A SONG DI'T IT SEEM SOHOWFAMILIAR WHEN THE NYMPH SPLIT OPEN AND THE MAY FLY STRUGGLED FREE AND FLEW A PERCHED AND THEN I OWN BACK BRO OPEN AND THE TRUE ADULT SOMERSLTED OUT AND TOOK FLIGHT,EEKING THE SWARM, MOUTH PARTSESTIGIAL, ALIMENTARY CANAL COME TO A STOP, A DAY OR HOUR LEFT TO FI THE DIRED ONES. OR WHEN CASANOVA TOOKP THE PLATTER OF LENG QENNY AND SQUID INK D SLID THE STU OUT THE WINDOWTELLING HIS SARTLED COMPANIONS THE PERCTED LOVER DOES NOT EA DIDN'TOU GLIMPSE IN THE MONARCHS B SEEMED YOURWN INN PLSONRY FLAPPING AND GLIDING DESIRE IN THE MIDDLE AIR? WEREN'T YOU RESURED TO THINK THESELIMSY HINGED BINGS AND THEN THEIR OFFSING, AND THEN THEIR OFFSPRING'S OFFSPRG COULD NAGATE, WORKING IN SHIFTS ALL THE WAY TO MEXICO TO THEXOT PLOT,ERHAPS THE VERY TREE BY TACING THE FLAIR OF TH BODI OF ANCESTORS WHO FLL IN THIS SAME MIGRATION YEAR AGO? DOESN'T IT OUTDOOR THE PLEASURES OF THE BLLIANT CONCERT TO FWHAK THE NIHT AND FIND OUELVES HOLDING EACH OTHER IN OUR EEP?

>> Woodruff: AGAIN, THE MAJO DEVELOENTS OF THE DAY: AN ONGOING INQUI INTO BRITAIN'S DECION TO GO TO WAR IN IRAQ REVEALED THE U. FOCUSED ON IR JUST HOURS AFTER THE 9/11 TACKS. THE HEAD OF T UNITED NATIONS NUCLEAR PROGRAM SAID HIS INVESGATION INTO IRAN'S NUCLEAR PROGRAMS AT A DEAD END. AND THEHINESE GOVERNMENT ANNOUED ITS GOALS FOR REDUCING GREENHOUSEASES AND CARBON EMISSIONS UP TO 45% 2020. ON NEWSHOUR.PBS.OR TWO ONLINE- ONLY FEATURES TONIGHT. FIRSA CONVERSATION WITH NOVELIST BARBARA KINGSOLER ABOUT SUSTAINABLE EATING. AND A REPORTER'S PODCT ABOUT BRIIN'S SPECIAL INQUIRY INTO E ORIGINS OF THE IRAQ WAR, T NEWS ABOUT WHAT THEN ITE HOUSE NATIONAL SECURITYDVISER CONDOLEEZZA RICE TOLD E BRITISH AMBASSADOR, AND NT STEPS IN THE INVESTATION. AN EDITOR'S NOTE BEFORE WE O: ST NIGHT WE REPORTED TWO STORIES THATNVOLVED "NEWSHOUR" FUNDERS-- TOYOTA AND WELLS FARGO BK-- AND FAILED TO POINT THAT OUT. WE REGR THE OMISSION. WE'LL SEE Y ON-LINE AND AGAIN HERE TOMORROW EVENI. I'M JUDY WOODRUFF. THANK YOU AND HAPP THANKSGIVI! MAJORUNDING FOR THE NEWSHOUR WITH JIM LEHRER IS OVIDED BY:

>> WHAT THE WORLNEEDS NOW IS ENERY. TH ENERGY TO GET T ECONOMY HUMMINGGAIN. THE ENERGY TO TACKLE CHALLENS LIKE CLIMATE CNGE. WHAT ITHAT ENERGY CAME FROM AN ENERGY COMPANY? VERYDAY, CHEVRON INVESTS $62 MILLION IN PEOE, IN IDEAS-- SEEKI, TEACHING, BUILNG. FUELING GWTH AROUND THE WORLD TO MOVE US ALL AHEAD. THIS IS THE POWER OFUMAN ENER. CHEVRON.

>> A BY WELLS FARGO ADVISORS. TOGETHER, WE'LL GO F. AND BY BNSF RAILWAY. AND BY THE ALFRED P. SLOAN FOUNDATION. SUPPORTI SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, AND IMPROVED ECONOMIC PERFORMAN AND FINANCIAL LIERACY IN THE 21ST CENTURY. AND WITH THE ONGOINGUPPORT OF THESENSTITUTIONS AND FOUNDATIONS. AND... THIS OGRAM WAS MADE POSSIBLE BY THE COORATION FOR PUBLIC BROADCASTING. AND BY CONTRIBUTIONS TO UR PBS STATION FR VIEWERS LIKE YOU. THANK YOU. Captioninsponsored by McNEIL/LEHRER PRODUCTIONS Captiod by Media Accs Group at WGBH access.wgbh.org