The NewsHour With Jim Lehrer : WETA : October 23, 2009 7:00pm-8:00pm EDT; The NewsHour With Jim Lehrer

Captioning sponred by MacNEIL/LRER PRODUCTIONS

>> Woodruf GOOD EVENING, I'M JUDY WOODRUFF. ON THE NEWSHOUR THIS FRIDA THE LEAD STORY IS:FFICIALS ACKNOWLEDGE A SHORTAGE OF TH H1N1 VACCINE AS THE VIS SPREADS TO NEAY EVERY STATE. RAY SUAREZ HAS O COVERAGE. THEN, AFR THE OTHER NEWS OF THE DAY, SIMON MARKS RECNTS A FIERY DEBATE IN BRAIN OVER TREMISAND FREEDOM OF SPEECH. MARGARETARNER GETS INSIGHTS INTO AFGHANISTAN FROM A N WHO SPENT TWO YEARS WALKG ACROSS THAT CNTRY.

>> AFGHANIST IS A VERY, VERY DIFFICULT PLACE TO TURN OUND OR FIX. Woodruff: THE ANALYSIS OF MARK SHIELDS AND DAV BROOKS. AND JEFFREY BROWN TALKS U.S. AIRWS PILOT SULLY SULLENBERGER ABOUT HIS BOOK AND AUT HIS MIRACLE LANDING IN THE HUDN VER EARLIER THIS YEAR.

>> I TNK THAT PEOPLE WHO THINK THEY ALREADY KNOW THISTORY WILL BE SURPRISED HOW MUCH I SHARE ABOUT WHAT WASNSIDE MY HEAD DURING THOSE 208 SENDS. MAJOR FUNDING FOTHE NEWSHOUR WITHIM LEHRER IS PROVIDED BY:

>> WHAT THE WORLNEEDS NOW IS ENER. THE ENERGY TO T THE ECONOMY HUMMING AGAIN. E ENERGY TO TACKLE CHALLENGE LIKE CLIMA CHANGE. WHAT IS THAT ERGY CAME FROM AN ERGY COMPANY? EVERYD, CHEVRON INVESTS $62 MILLION IN PEOPLE, IN IDS-- SEEKING, TEAING, BUILDING. FUELING GROWTH AROD THE WORLD TO ME US ALL AHEAD. THIS IS THE WER OF HUMAN ENER. CHEVRON. INTEL.

>> AND BWELLS FARGO ADVISORS. TOGETHER, WE'LL GO FAR. GRANTHORNTON. AND WITH THE OOING SUPPORT OF ESE INSTITUTIONS AND AND... THIS PROGR WAS MADE POSSIBLE BY THE CORPORATION FOR PUBLIC BROADCASTING. AND BY CONTRIBUTIONS TO UR PBS STATION FR VIEWERS LIKE YOU. THANK YOU.

>> Woodruff: NEWATA RELEASED TODAFROM U.S. AND WORLD HEALTH AUORITIES SHOWED THE H1N1 VIRUS EXTENDING ITS ACH. AND U.S. HEALTH OFFICIALS ADMITT VACCINE PRODUCTION GOALS ARE FALLG SHORT. RAY SUAREZ HAS O LEAD STORY REPO.

>> VACCINE PDUCTION IS MUCH SS PREDICTABLE THAN WE WOULD WISH. WE'RNOWHERE NEAR WHERE WE THOUGHT WE'D BE BY NOW.

>> Srez: THAT ACKNOWLEDGEMENT CAME TODAY, FROM THEENTERS FOR DISEASE CONTROL DICTOR THOMAS FRIEN. >>HE VACCINE STRAINS OF THE VIRUS GROWS AND THAT HOW WE DEVELOP CCINE. EVEN IF WE YELL AT THE THEY DON'T GROWASTER.

>> WE HAVE ABOUT 100OSES LEFT.

>> Suaz: THE SHORTFALL HAS CAUSED MANY WHO WANTED TO GE THE VACCINE TO BTURNED AWAY.

>> TY SAID IT WAS FOR THE YOGER PEOPLE AND THE PREGNANT LADIES.

>> Suarez: THE.D.C. SAID TODAY ST OF THOSE VACCINATED HAVE BEEN CHILDREN AND THEY ARE AO MORE LIKY TO BECOME ILL. LEAST 95 CHILDREN HAVE DIED SINCE APRIL. SO FAR, H1N1 IS RESPONBLE FOR MORE THA1,000 DEATHS IN THE U.S. SINCE THE SPRING. TYCALLY, ABOUT 36,000 AMERICANS DIE FROM SEASONAFLU EACH YEAR. H1N1 IS BECOMING MORE WIDESPREAD. THE CDREPORTED THAT 46 STATES ARE NOW REPORTING FLU TIVITY. BUT FRIEDEN WNPLAYED A SURVEY IT RELEASED YESTERDAY, THAT FOUND ONE IN FE CHILDREN HAD SYTOMS OF A FLU.

>> THAIS VERY DIFFERENT FROM SAYINGHAT THEY'VE HAD H1N1 INFLUENZA, AND A MUCH SMALLER PROPORTION, AND WE DON'TNOW HOW CH SMALLER, WOULD HAVE HAD H1N1 INFLUENZA. WE HAVE SEEN IN CEAIN COMMUNITIES TH LOTS OF H1N1 INFLUENZA AT THE PEAK ATTACK RATE CANE AS HIGH ONE IN FIVE IN CHILDREN AT THE PEAK THE ACTIVITY, T I DON'T THINK AT'S WHAT THOSE DATA SHOW. THOSE DATA SIMPLY SHOWHAT KIDS GET LOT OF INFECTIONS

>> Suarez: SCHOOLS HAVE STRUGGLED TO KEEP THE TBREAK FROM SPREANG.

>> WE HAVE SCIAL CLEANING PRUCTS THAT WE USE, WITH DISINFECTANT. AND HAND-SANITIZING LESSON

>> AS HAPPENS WITH FLU EACH YEAR, IT GENERALLYEGINS IN KIDS, ANTHEN WE SEE IT LATER IN YOUNG ADULTS. WE ARETILL NOT SEEING GNIFICANT NUMBERS OF CASES I THE DERLY AND THAT IS A CHARACTERISTIC OF THIS VIR.

>> Suarez: AS MORE KIDGET SICK, AN INCASING NUMBER OF SCHOOLS ARE CLOSING, THOH NOT AS MY AS WHEN THE FLU FIRST STRUCK IN APRIL. SCHOOLS SHOULD BE CLOSED WH ADNISTRATIVELY IT BECOMES VERY DIFFICULT ORMPOSSIBLE FOR THE SCHOOLO CONTINUE OPERATING, OR, IF THERE ARE A LARGE NUMR OF KIDS WHO HA SERIOUS UNDERLYI CONDITIONS SUCH AS MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY TT WOULD PUT THEMT GREATER RISK OF SERIOUS COMPLICAONS OF THE FLU. >>uarez: WORLDWIDE, NEW NUMBERS OUT TODAY FROM T WORLD HEAL ORGANIZATION REVEALED 5,000 PEOPLE HAVE DIED FM THE VIRUS.

>> Suarez: AND FOR MORE THE TROUBLES WITTHE VACCINE AND AT COMES NEXT, WE TURN TO DOCTOR ANTHONY FCI, DIRECTOR OFHE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ALRGY AND INFECTIOUS DISEASES, WHICH IS PART OF T NATIONAL INSTITES OF HEALTH. DR. FAUCI, THE VAINE HAS BEEN CALLED THE ME IMPORTANT PUBLIC HEALTH TOOL IN FIGHNG H1N1. ANY GOD ESTIMATE ON HOWLONG IT WILLAKE TO CLOSE THE GAP BEEEN DEMAND AND SPPLY?

>> IT'S PROBABLY GOINGTO TAKE SEVEL WEEKS, RAY, BECAE GHT NOW, WE'RE AT THAT POINT WHERE WE HAVE, OBVIOUSLY,ESS THAN WE HAD ANTICIPATED AT THI PARTICULAR PNT, MID- TO LATE OCTOBER. BUT STARTING WITH THE XT FEW WEEKS, WHEN YOTALK ABOUT THE LAST WK IN OCTOBER WE'RE IN NOW, THE FIRS WEEK OF NOVEER, WE'LL BE AVERAGG BETWEEN EIGHT MILLION TO 10 MILLION DOSES A WE THAT WILL BE COMING IN, SO BY T END OF NOVEMBE WE LIKELY WILL HA AROUND 65 MILLION DOSES. SO I THINK IT'S GING TO BE A MATTER OF A COUPLE OF WEEKS GOVERNOR BEFORE GET TO THE POINT WHERE WE'RE DOING REALLY WELL AND THEN MAYBE FOUR WEEKS TOTAL WHERE WE HAVE THE QIB WHERTHE PEOPLE WHO WANT IT ARE GOING BE ABLE TO GO TO THE CENTERS TH SKRBT IT AND GET IT. TIMATELY, AS WE GETNTO THE TE FALL, I BELIEVE WE'LL HAVE VAINE FOREVERYONE WHO NEEDS IT ANDANTS IT.

>> Suarez: WHAT HAS TURNED OUT TO BE THE HOLD-UP GETTING A SUICIENT AMOUNT OF H1N1 VACCINE DISTRIBUTED?

>> THE DELAY IS PREDOMINTLY RELATED THE FACT THE VIRUS THAT GROWS IN ES FROM WHICH U MAKE A VACCINE FROM A VIRUS THAT YOU GROW IN EGGS, O IF YOU HAVE THE LI ATTENUATED, YOU WEAKEN IT AIT. IT'S ALL FROM THE COMMON SOURCE OF BEING GROWN IN ES, AND SOTIMES THAT PROCESS IS SLOWER THAN YOU WOULD HE ANTICIPATED IT IS. THAT'S EXALY WHAT HAPPENED NOW WITH THE PODUCTION. THE RUS ITSELF DOESDNOT GROW VERY WELL SO T ANTICIPAT NUMBERS OFDOSES WE THGHT WE WOULD GET WE DN'T GET ON TME AND THAT'S THE REASON WH WE HAVE THE SHORTAGE RIG NOW. IN ADDITION, THE COMPANIES WERE TRYING TO DO TWO THIN AT THE SAME TE. THEY HAD TO GET THEIR SEASONAL FLU MADE AND TEY ALSO HAD TO DO H1N1. THERE A COMPETING DEMANDS. THE COMBINATION OF COMPETING DEMANDS AND A VIRUS THAT DIDT GROW AS ROBUSTLY AS WE HAD HOPED ITOULD G RELTED IN THESE DELAYS.

>> Suarez: ITHERE A RISK WHEN YOU PUT OUT THE MESSAGE,RGE PEOPLE TO GET THE VACCINE, AND WHEN THE TURN UP FOR IT CAT GET IT. WILL SOMOF THOSE PEOE TURNED AWAY NER GET IT?

>> TT'S THE PROBLEM. IT'S A DFICULT MESSAGG SITUION. YOU WANT TO EP IT ON PEOPLE RADAR SCRE THAT THEY SULD BE VACCINED PARTICULARLY THE PEOPLEAT HIGH RI. IT'S A DIFFICULT MESSAGE WHEN YOU SAY YOU NEED TO GET IT. THEIR FIRST SPONSE IS I WANT TO GO GET IT. AND RIGHNOW, AT THIS PAICULAR TIME, UNFORTUNATELY, BUT IT'S A RLITY, THAT THE ANTICIPATED NEXT OF DOSES ARE NOT THERE AT THE AMOTS WE HAD ANCIPATED BUT WE'RE GOING TO BE CATCH, WITH, THAT AS WE JUST MENTIONED, IN A FEW WEEKS.

>> Suarez: GVEN THE FACTS OF THE SITUION, IS THERE A TRIAGE GOING ON? WHO OULD BE GETTING WHAT ZEX THERE RIGHT AWAY?

>> WELL, PEOPLE WHO SHOULD BE TTING IT ARE CERTAINLY UNG CHILDREN WHO ARE THENES THAT ARE VULNABLE. IF YOU LOOAT THE CURVE OF PEOP GETTING INFECD AND THE PELE WHO ARE IN FACT GETTING MPLICATIONS, PEOPLE W HAVE UNDERLYING CONDITIONS THAT PREDISPOSE THEM TO THE COMPLICATIONS OFNFLUENZA AND PREGNANT WOMEN SHOULD RIGHT UP THE IN THE GROUP THAT GETS TH HIGHEST PRIORITY FOR THE VACCINE AT IS AVAILABLE IN SMALL AMNTS AS IT IS AT THIS PARTICULAR TIME. AND AIN, AS MENTIONED, HOPE WE'LL SEEING THAT CHANGE PRETTY SOON.

>> Suarez: AS INDIVIDUALCHOOLS LOOK AT THEIR NUMBERF CASES, E THERE STAGES IN A PUBL HEALTH RESPONSE,WHERE IF YOU SEE YOU'VE GOT A LOW NUMBER OF CASES, YOU MIGHT STAY OPEN BUT OTHER SCHOOLS MIT HAVE TO CLOSE?

>> WELL, THE SITUATN IS, WE'VE HEARD FROM THEDC-- AND THEY'RE MATAINING THIS-- THAT THEY WOULD LIKE TOAVE A SITUATION WHERE U DON'T HAVE MASS SCHOOL CLOSIS BECAUSE OF THE DISRUPTION TT ITAUSES IN SO MANY WAYS. SO WHA YOU'D LIKE T DO IS REINFOE TO PARENTS THAT WHEN EIR CHILDREN ARE SICK, NOT TO ND THEM TO SCHOOL. WE WOULD HOPEHAT PEOPLE WOULD ADHERE TO AT. IF YOU GET TO THE SITUATION WHERE YORE GETTING MORE AND MORE INFECTIONS, THEN YOU MIGHT WANT T INTENSIFY THAT A BIT AND AND YOU HAVE A BIER ROUT BREAK THAT WEAD IN THE SPRINGAND WE'RE CURRENTLY HANG RIGHT W. YOU MIGHT WANTO HAVE ACTIV SURVEILLANCEF KIDS WHO COME IN SO WHEN A TEACHER SEES SOMEONE WHO IS SICYOU CAN TELL THEM TO PUT THEM IN A HOLDING ROOM AND CALL THE PARENTS AND TELL THEM TO TAKE THE CHILDREN BACK HOME. RIGHT NOW, WE'RE RELYING ON PARENTS REIZING IF A CHILD IS CK, DON'T SEND THEMTO SCHOOL. AND L THE OTHER TINGS WE TALK ABOU THE SIME HYENIC THGS, LIKE, FOR EXAMPLE, WHEN YOU COUGH, COVERS YOURSELF WH YOU SNEEZE, MAKE SURE YOU COVEYOURSELF. THOSE ARE FOR OPLE WHO ARE SICK. WHEN YOU S THAT PEOPLE A CK, TRY AND GET PPLE TO STAY AW FROM SITUATIONS. IF YOU'RE IN ANREA WHERE THERE'S A T OF FLU, CROWDED PLACE WHERE'S PEOPLE WOD WIND UP TRAMITTING THE VIRUS VERY EASILY. THOSE ARE THE KINDSOF SIMPLE THINGSOU KEEP IN MIND. OBVIOUSLY,S YOU SAID,AY, FROM THE BEGINNING THE BEST THINIS TO COMBINE IT WITH A VACCINE. BUT BETWEEN NOW D THE TIME WE HAVE ENOUGH VACCINE TO BE GIVING IT TO EVERYONE WHO WANTST, BUT THE ARE THE SIMPLE HYGIENIC D COMMSENSE THINGS WE CAN DO SUCH AS KEEPING CHILDRENFROM GOING TO SCHOOL WHO ARE SICK.

>> Suarez: WE' BE SEEING SEASON FLU RIGHT ALGSUED THE H1N1. IS IT TOUGH FIGHTING THEM BOTH AT THE SAME TIMEAND GIVEN THAT H1 IS MRE LIKELY THAN SEASONAL FLU TO CAE SERIOUS VIRAL PNEUMONIA, WE HAVE TO TREAT IT ALMOST AS A SEPARATE SDPEEZ PUT SEPARATE MEASURE IN PLACE?

>> N I DON'T THINK SO. THE ONLY THING THATE DO KNO AND WE RLIZE, THISVIRUS, THE H1N1, SO-CALLED PANDEMIC FLU, HAS A PREDISPOSITION TO INFECT YOUNG PEOP, AND OF THE YOUNG PELE, THE VERY SMAL PERCENTAGE OF PEOPLE W WOIPD GETTING SIOUS COMPLICAONS-- NAMELY, PNEUMONIAS AND HOSPITALIZATIONS AND DEATHS-- THOSE ARE PREDOMINANTLY AMONG VERY YOUN PEOP, PEOPLE WHO HAV UNDERLNG CONDITIONS, AND PREGNANT WOMEN. THEY HAVE SIX TIMES GATER SSIBILITY THE OF GETTING A COMPLICAON FROM THE FLU THAN PEOPLE WHO ARE NOT PREGNANT. WITH SEANAL FLU, THE CURVE I DIFFEREN THE PEOPLE MOSTULNERABLE ARE THE ELDE YEARS OFGE OR OVER. 90-PLUS PERCENT OF DEATH FROM SEASON FLU, THE 30,000 DEATHS WE SEEACH YEAR FROM SEASONAL FLU ARE PEOPLE 65 YEARS OF AGE ANDLDER. YOU'RE PROBABLYGOING TO SEE TWO DIFFERENT POLATIONS GETTING RUCK HARDER THAN THE OTHER, DEPENDING UPON WHAT T FLU IS. RIGHT NOW WE'RE NOTEEING ANY SEONAL FLU ACTIVITY. HOPEFULLY WITH T H1N1 BEING AROUND, IT MIG KIND OF PUSH IT OFF THEADAR SCREEN A BIT, BUT WE NEETO ANTICIPATE THAT WE LL SEE SSONAL FLU, AND TH'S THE REASON WHY SHOULD NOT FORGET T PEOPLE WHO ND IT SHOULD BE GETTING THEIR SEASONAL FLU VACNATIONS, ALSO.

>> Woodruff: YOU CAN POSE QUESTIONS ABOUT THE H1N1 VACCINE TO PUIC HEALTH OFFICIS IN A SPECIAL INSIDER FORUM ON OUR WEBSITE: NEWSHOUR.PBS.ORG.

>> Woodruff:N OTHER NEWS TODAY, THERE WERE GROWING GNS THE IDEA OF CLUDING A VERNMENT-FUNDED PUBLIC OPTION IN HEALTH RE REFORM IS GAINING NEW MOMENTUM. HOUSE SPEAKER NCY PELOSI INSIST AGAIN THE FINAL HOUSE BILL WILL INCLUDE A PUBLIC INSURANCE OPTION. SHE POINTED TO REPORTS THA SENATE DEMOCRATIC LEADERS AR NOW LEANING TOWA DOING THE SAME TNG. PELOSI SAID THE DEBATE I TURNING FROM WHEER TO HAVE A PUBL OPTION, TO WHAT FORM IT SHOULD TAKE.

>> THEY'REEHIND CLOSED DOORS, BUT THE CONVERSATIONS THEYAVE IN THEIR HEAH BILL A PUBLIC OPTION WHICH IS VERY SIMAR TO THE ENGY AND COMMER COMMITTEE PUBLIC OPTION OUR SIDE. SINCE AT IS NOW A POSBILITY, A STRONG PSIBILITY, THEN I VE TO, AGAIN, DISCUSS WITH MY COLLEAGUES WHAT'S TH BEST APPROACH TO COERENCE.

>> Woodruff:T WAS WIDELY REPOED THAT SENATE MAJORITY LEADER HARRY REID MIGHT FER TO LET STATESPT OUT OF A PUBLIC OPTION, IF THAT WILL ENSURE SENATE PASSAGE OF BILL. ON WALL STREET TODAYWEAK RESULTS FROM INDTRIAL COMPANIES NT STOCKS TUMBLING. THE DOW NES INDUSTRIAL AVERAGE LOST 109 POINTS TO CLOSET 9972. THE NASDAQ FL MORE THAN 10 POTS TO CLOSE AT 2154. FOR THWEEK THE DOW LOST 0.2%. THE NASDAQ DIPPED 0.1% BUT THERE WAS GOOD NS ON THE HOUSING ONT. THE TIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS REPORD HOME SALES WEREP 9.4%, TO REACH A 2-YEAR HIGH. NA DEFENSE MINISTERS SIGNALED TH MAY SEND MORE INTERNATIONAL TROOPS INTO AFGHANISTAN TOOIN U.S. FORCES. THE GROUP MET IN SLOVAKIA ERE EY WERE ALSO BRIEFED BY U.S. GENERAL STLEY McCHRYSTAL, THE OVERALL COMMANDER IN AFGHANISTAN. THEY GAVE HIS UNTERINSURGENCY AN CALLING FOR MORE TROOPS THEIR BROAD SUPPORT. AND AT A NEWS CONFEREN, U.S. DEFENSSECRETARY ROBERT GATES SAIDHE U.S. IS STILL COMMITTED TO AFGHANISTAN.

>> OTHER NATNS HAVE PUT MORE AN 35,0 TROOPS ON THE GROUND IN AFGHANIAN, ANDHEIR VIEWS ARE IMRTANT TO US AS WE CONSIDER THE WAY AAD. I ASSUREDHE LIES THIS MORNING D WILL STATE AGAIN THIS AFTERNOON TT THE UNITED STATES HAS NO INTENTION OF PULLING OUT OF AFGHASTAN OR ABANDONING OUR CORE MISSIO THERE.

>> Woodrf: PRESIDENT OBAMA IS STILL CONSIDERING SEVERA OPTIONS ON WAR SATEGY PRESENTED MCCHRYSTAL. THEY RANGE FROM DERING NO MAJOR CHANGES, TO SEING AS MANY A80,000 ADDITIONAL TROOPS. THERE WERE MORE ATTACKS PAKISTAN TODAY, INGING THE DEH TOLL THIS MONTH TO NEARLY 200. SUICIDE BOMBER ON A BICYCLE HIT A MAJOR AIR BA IN THE NORTHWES THE BLT KILLED SEVEN PEOPLE ON THEIR WAY TO WORK AT T COMPLEX. HOURS LATER, AEXPLOSION WENT OFUNDER A BUS TRAVELING TO A WEDDING IN THE TRIBAREGION NORTH OF STH WAZIRISTAN. THE ATTACKS CA IN THE FIRST WE OF A MAJOR MILITARY GROUND OFNSIVE AGAINST MILITANTS OPERATG NEAR THE BORDER WITH AFGHANISTAN. IRAN DID NOT MEET A DEADLI TO OFFICIALLY RPOND TO A NUCLEAR PROPOSAL. IRAN'S EOY TO THE U.N. NUCLEAR TCHDOG AGENCY SAID HE WOULD HAVE AN ANSWER NEXWEEK. E U.S., RUSSIA AND FRANCE OFFICIALLY ENDORSED THE PLAN TODAY, WHI INCLUDED A PROPOSAL TO SHIP MOSTF IRAN'S URANIUM ROAD FOR ENRICHMENT. BUT IRANIAN STATE TELEVISION REPORTED OFFICIALSHERE WANT TO INSTEAD BUY THNUCLEAR FUEL NEED FOR A REACTOR. FEDERAL OFFIALS INTENSIFIED EIR EFFORTS TO EXPLAIN HOW 2 PILOTS ON A NOHWEST AIRLINES FLIGHT OVERSHOT EIR DESTINATION MORE THAN 100 MIS. NEWSHOUR CORRESPONNT KWAME HOLMAN H MORE.

>> Hman: THE AIRBUS A-320 WITH 144 PEOPLE ABOARD WAS BOUNFROM SAN EGO TO MINNEAPOLIS BUT FLEW ON WELL BEYONIT BEFORE CONTROLLERS COULD COACT THE COCKPIT. THE PLANE LAND SAFELY IN MINNEALIS ABOUT 9:00 WEDNESDAY NIGHT. TODAY, THE NATIOL TRANSPORTATION SAFETY ARD WAS EXAMININTHE NORTHWEST PLANE'S FLIGHT DATA ANCOCKPIT RECORDER LAW FORCEMENT OFFICIALS SAID THE PILOTS WERE DISTRAED BY THEIR "HEATED DIUSSION OVER AIRLE POLICY." NORTHWEST FLIG 188 WAS OUT OF DIO CONTACT FOR 75 MINUTES. AIR NATIONAL GUARDNITS WERE CONTACTED AND TWO GHTER JETS WERE PPARING TO INTERCEPT THE PLANE. WH THE PLANE FINALLY TURNED ARND AND LANDED IN NNEAPOLIS, PASSENGERS WERE UNAWARE THEY HAD OVEHOT THE AIRPORT.

>> SUDDENLCOPS, AIRPORT POLICE ALL OVER THE AIRPLANE, ANDHEY TOLD US TO SIT BACK WN, SO WE ALL SABACK DOWN. NDERED WHAT WAS GOING ON. THEY WENT TO THE COCKPIT, DIDN'T SAY ATHING ELSE AND TH SAID, OKAY EVERYBODY OFF THE PLANE.

>> Holman: OERS WERE STIFIED, THE PILOTS COULD MI THE AIRPORT. HOW COULD THEY, THERE'S MOR THAN JUST THE PIT, I MEAN THERE'THE CO-PILOT. WH ABOUT THE CREW? E CREW WASN'T AWARE OF ANY O THIS? IT'S OUTRAGEOUS.

>> Holman: FORMER AIRLINE PIT JOHN WILEY WOR FOR "AVIATION WE" MAGAZINE.

>> THE RADIO SILENCE FOR 78 MINUS IS EXTRAORDINARY. I'VE NEVER BEENNA FLIGHT WITH A SILENT RIO FOR 78 MINUTES. NO COMMUNICATIONS FR THE AIRPLANE. NO MMUNICATIONS ACKNOWLEDGED BY T AIRPLANE. THAT'S HIGHLEXTRAORDINARY.

>> A LOT OF PEOPLE THINK OF FATIGUE JUST BEING TIRED, BUT WHAT WE' TALKING ABOUT AFTER A RIOD OF TIME IS LO OF COGNITE FUNCTION, AS THEY CAL IT, ORHE ABILITY TO THINK. SO, YEAH, ARE YOU MENTALLY PAIRED.

>> Holman: DTA AIR LINES, WHH ACQUIRED NORTHWEST LAST YEAR, HAS SUSPENDED E TWO UNIDENTIFI PILOTS PENDING ITS OWN INVESTIGATION.

>> Woodruff: THE COMEDN WHO CALLED HIMLF SOUPY SALES DI AT A HOSPICE IN W YORK LAST NIGHT. THSLAPSTICK COMIC WAS BEST KNOWN FOR HIS PIE-THRONG ROUTINE. HIGREATEST SUCCESS IN THE MID 1960'S WAS "THE SOY SALES SHOW" FOCHILDREN.[d HIS CO-STARS WERE A CA OF ANIMAL PUPPE. SOUPY SALES WAS 83 YEARS O.

>> Woouff: AND STILL TO COME ON THE NEWSHOUR TONIGHT. AFGHANISTAN LESSONS, SHIDS AND BROOKS, AND A PIT'S STORY. THAT FLOWS A HEATED DEBATE IN BRITAIN OVER POLITICAL EXTREMISM, AND FREEDOMF SPEECH. NEWSHOUR CORRESPONDENT SIMON MARKS HAS OUR RERT.

>> Repter: HIS NAME IS NICK GRIFFIN, AND HE S THE MOST CONTROVERSIAL FIRE IN BRITAIN TH WEEK. THE LEADER OTHE EXTREME RIGHT- WING BRITISH NATIOL PARTY, HE ESPOUSES AN AGENDAHAT INCLUDES DEPORTIN2 MILLION NON-WHITE MIGRANTS, AND PRESERVING "BRITAIN FOR THE BRITI". HE HAS DOMINATEDEADLINES AFTER THE BBC INVITED HIM TO PARTICIPATE IN ONE OF TH COUNTRY'S MOSTOPULAR PRIMETIME OADCASTS: A POLITICAL PANEL SHOW CALLED "QUEION TIME".

>> TS PANEL HAS BEEN THE SUBJECT OF INTENSE DEBATE R MANY WEEKS. TONIGHT, FINALLYHEY FACE OUR AUDICE, THE VOTERS. Reporter: THE BBC REFUSED T BOW TO PUBLIC DENDS FOR MR. GRIFN TO THE DROPPED FROM THE BRDCAST. E BRITISH NATIONAL PARTY, IT SAID, CENTLY ENJOYED ELECTORAL CCESS, WINNING TWO SEATS IN THE EUROAN PARLIAMENT, AND A SEAT IN THE LOCAL LEGISLATUR THAT GOVERNS LONN. THEREFORE, A TOP BBCXECUTIVE ARGUED T BROADCASTER'S "RESPONSIBITY OF DUE IMPARTLITY" MEANT GRIFFIN'S EXTREME VIEWS HAD A RIGHT TOE HED, AND THAT ATTEMPTS TO DERAIL THE PROGRAM AMOTED TO CENSORSHIP. AS AI-RASCISM PROTESTORS BESIEGED BBC TELEVISION CEER IN LONDON LASTIGHT, AT ONE POINT THEYREACHED THE BUILNG'S SECURITY. INSIDE, MEMBERS OF THE MTI- CULTURALTUDIO AUDIENCE WERE GIVING MR. GFFIN - WHO WAS CONVICTED 1998 OF INCITING RACIAL HATD, AND ONCE SAID OF NAZI DICTATOR ADOLF HITL THAT HEWENT A BIT TOO FAR" A VERY ROUGH RIDE.

>> FOR JUST ONE MINUTE COULDOU NOT THK OF THE BENEFITS THAT MY PARENTS BUGHT TO THIS COUNTRY, AND TT OTHER PARENTS FROM AN ASIAN,N INDIAN, A PAKIANI BACKGROUND HAVE BRGHT? NO. THE VA MAJORITY OF PEOPLE IN THIS AUDIENCE FIND WHAT U STAND FOR COMPLELY DISGUSTING ( CHEERS ) ANREPREHENSIBLE. COMPLELY DISGUSTING.

>> YOU'RE COMMITTED TO SMMING THE FLOW, D REVERSING THE FLOW OF IMMIGRATION IO THE UK SO THAT WE REVERT TO A WHITE BRITAIN. WHERE DO YOU WANT ME TO ? THIS IS MY COURY? I LOVE THIS UNTRY. I'M PART OF THIS COUNTRY.

>> I AM NOT A ZI AND NEVER HAVE BEEN.

>> DID YOU DY THE HOLOCAUST, S YOU DID.

>> I DO NOT HAVE A CVICTION FOR HOLOCAUST DENIAL

>> BUT YOU DID DY IT? WHY ARE YOSMILING, IT'S NOT A PARTICULARLY AMUSING ISSUE

>> Reporter: NK GRIFFIN CLAID TODAY THAT HE FACED WHAT CALLED A "LYNCH MOB" ON LAS NIGHT'S BROADCAST, WHICH W 8 MILLIOVIEWERS, FOUR TIMES THE PROGRAM'S USUAL VIEWINFIGURES. IN AOUNTRY WITH NO WRITTEN CONSTITUTION, NO FIRST AMENDMENT, NO BILL OF RIGH, HIS APARANCE SPARKED A NATIONAL CVERSATION ABOUT HOW MUCH FREE SPEE SHOULD BE ENJOYED BY T COUNTRY'S EXTREMTS.

>> THERE ARE VERY FW GUIDELINES EVEN IN OTHER EUROPEAN COUNTRIES LIKE FRANCE AND GEANY. THERE ARMUCH MORE. STRINGT LAWS ABOUT PROP GAITH INFLAMMATORY SPEECH. THERE IS NO GREAT ROAD MAP. THE BBC IS STATE-FDED, BLICLY FUNDED ORGANIZATION. IT RECEIVES MORE THAN $5 BIION OF TAXPAYER MONEEVERY YEAR. SO THIIS NOT JUST A PRIVATE MEDIA ORNIZATION DECIDING TO VE AIR TIME TO SOBODY'S CONTROVERSIAL VIS. IT'S AN INSTITION WHICHIS SEEN TO REFLECT THE VIEWS OF THE COUNTRY IN SOME WAY OR ATHER.

>> Reporter:ICK GRIFFIN REMAS A FRINGE FIGURE IN BRITISH POLITICS, WITH NO IMMEDIATE PROSPECTOF WINNING A GENEL ELECTION OR FORMING A GOVERNMENT. BUT AT A TIME OF DEEPENING UNEMPLOYMENT AND RECSION IN BRITAIN, HIS SUPPORTERS AN CRICS ALIKE AGREE THAT HIS APPEARANCE ON LEVISION THIS WEEK WAS A WATERED MOMENT IN BRITISSOCIETY, A CHANCE FOR THCOUNTRY'S EXTREMISTS TO SWIM IN THE MAINSEAM.

>> Woodruff: YOU C HEAR ANOTHEACCOUNT OF THE BRITISH POLITIL DRAMA FROM THE IEF CORRESPONDENT FOR REUTERS IN LONDON. THAT INTERVIEW IS OUR WEBSITE NEWSUR.PBS.ORG.

>> Woodruff: NOW, OTHER IN OUR OCCAONAL CONVERSATIONS ON AFGHANISTAN. LAST WEEK, MARGARET WAER TALKED WITH BRUCE REEL, WHO HEADED AN OBAMA ADMINISATION POLICY REVIEW TEAM ON AFGHANISTAN AND PAKIAN. HE FAVORED SENDI MORE U.S. TROOPTHERE. TODAY, A DIFFERENT PERSPECTI AND AGAIN TO MARRET WARNER.

>> Warner: TS IS WHAT AFGHANISTAN LOOKED LIKE NOVEMBER 2001 AFT THE U.S. AND AFGHAN ALLIES TOOK THE TIBAN FROM POWER. SIX WEEKS LATER, AUTHOR, ACTIVIST, AND FORMER BRITISH DIPLOMAT, ROR STEWART, GAN A WALK ACRS AFGHANISTAN, PART PART OF A 6,000-MILE TREK ACROSS ASIA. HE CHRONLED THE AFGHAN URNEY IN HIS BOOK "TH PLACES IN TWEEN." HE FOUNDED AND RUNS T TURQUOISEOUNTAIN PROJECT, TRAINING CRAFTSMEN I TRADITIONAL SKILLS EWART IS NOWORRECT OF THE CARR CENTER FOR HUMAN RHTS POLICY AT HARVARD UNIVERSITY. HE RECENTLY RETNED FROM A TRIP TO AFGHANISTAN. AND RORY STEWART THANKS FOR JOINING US FOR THIS.

>> THANK YOU VERY MU.

>> Warner: WHAT DO PRESIDENT OBAMA NEED TO KEEP IN MIND ABOUT AFGHANISTAN AS HE WRESTLES WITH AT TO DO THERE?

>> I'M AFRAID THAT WH HE NEE TO KEEP IN MIND IS TAT AFANISTAN IS A VERY,ERY DIICULT PLACE TO TURN AROUND ORIX. IT'S VERY POR, FRA JAIL, TRAUMATIZED COUNTR IT COULD TAKE20 OR 3 YEARS VESTMENT IN AFGHANISTAN BEFO IT BEGAN TO REACH THE LEVEL OF PAKISTAN IN TMS OF ITS CIVIL SERVICE, ITS ARMY, I POLICE, JUST ITSASIC EDUCATION AND HEALTH STRTURE. SO WHATEVER WE'RE DOINGN AFGHANISTAN, IF WE REALLY WANT TO ACHIEVE CHANG, IT'S GOING TO BE A VERY, VERY LONG-TERM PROCESS. IT'S NOT SOMETHING THAT YOU'RE GOING TO BE AB TO ACHIE BY A ORT-TERM INJECTION OF TOPS AND MONEY.

>> Warner: SO AT SHOULD THE U.S. GL BE, DO YOU THK, BASED ON YR EXPERIENCE THER

>> FIRST IT SHOULD BERYING TO PROTECT IT OWN NATIONA CURITY, WHICH I THINK MAY TURN OUT TO B NOT NADIFFICULT. IN OTHER WORDS, IF YOU'RE OLY OBJECTIVE IS TOTOP AL QAEDA FROM HAVING ASERIOUS BASE IN AFGHANISTAN FR WHICH TO ATTACK THE UNITED STES, I THINK THAT'S ACHIABLE WITH RELATIVELY FEW TROOP BUT YOU WOULD HAVE TO KEEP A PRESENCE THERE FOROME TIME. THE SECOND THING ISOU TRY T HELP THE AFGHANEOPLE. WE DO HAVE AN OBLIGATION TOWARDS E AFGHAN PEOPLE. THE UNITED STES IS BENEVONT POWER. IT WOU LIKE TO DELIVER DEVELOPMENT BUIT'S NOT A BLANK CHECK OBGATION. IT SAYS WE'R GOING TO DO WHAT WE CAN WITH PRURT, HEALTH, EDUCATION,.

>> Warr: YOU SAID THIS SHOULDN'T BE-- IT'S NOT A BLA CHK, YET THERE ARE AFGHAN PEOPLE IN THE REGION WHO SAY THE U.S. FUNDED THE HUGE WHAT DEAN INHE 80s, HELPED CREE THIS PROBLEM. YOU HAVE A MORAL OBLIGATION TO BASILLY STICK WITH AFGHANISTAN UNTIL IT'S FIXED.

>> THAT'S VERY, VERY DANGEUS LANGUAGE. I THINWHENEOPLE START TALKING ABT AORAL OBLIGATION-- YOUAVE TO COME BA AND SAY YOU DON'T HAVE A MORA OBLIGATION TO DOHAT YOU CANNOT DO. CE YOU START SAYING YOU HVE A MORAL OBLIGATI SAYING IT'S NOT AN OPTION, YOU GET TIEDINTO A VERY CERTAIN RELATIONSHIP. WE NEETO DECH A LITTLE BIT AND BE A BIT MORE REALISTIC ABOU MAWHATWEAN ACTULY ACHIEVE IN THE COURY. ERE'S NO POINT PANICNG AND SAYING WE HA AN OBLATION, WE HAVE AN OBGATION IF WE D'T LOOK AT WHAT OUR RESOURCES ARE, WHAT OUR POWER IS IT WHAT WE CAN DO TO HELP

>> Warner:O YOU WANT TO VENTURE AN OPINIONN MORE TROOPS OR NOT MORE TROOPS? NIGH OPINN IS WE SHOUL CEAINLY NOT PUT IN MORE TROOPS BECAUSE THE NGER OF PUTTING IN MORE TROOPS IS YOUUST CREATE THIS VERY EXPENSIVE, UNPOPULAR PRESENCE. POPULAR NOT JUST IN AFGHAN BUT WITH PEOPLE THE UNITED STATES. AT WILL INCREASE THE PRESSURE OF WITHDRAWAL, I WOULD MUCH RATHER SEEN IT STICK AT ABOUT 20,000, 30,000 TROOPS, WHICH WHERE WEERE BACK IN 2004.

>> Warner: YOUR TURQUOISE MOUNTAIN PROCT STARTED VERY, VERY SMA. YOU NOW EMPLOY HUNDREDS OF PELE. YOU SATD U.S. HAS DONSOME OF THE DEVELOPMENT WE BUT THERE IS A LOT OF CRICISM THAT WE DON'T DOT WELL. IS THERE SOMETHING YOUAVE LEARNED FROM YOUR EERIENCE ON THE GROUND THAT YOU THINK SHOULD INFORM THEDMINISTRATION'S DESIREOW TO REALLY REVP THE CIVILIAN AID SIDE?

>> ONE OF THEMIS AFGHANS ARE INCREDIBLY ENERGETND I CAN TREPRENEURIAL. IFOU CAN CREATE THE RIGHT KIND OF PROJECT, THE OJECT THEY BELIEVIN, THEY CAN PUT ENERGY INTO IT AN TRANSRM IT. OUR ELEMENTARY SCHOOL, FOR EXAMPLE, HAS BEEN DRIVEN BYTHE GHAN COMMUNITY ITSELF. IT WASN'T PROJECT I DREAMT UP. IT WAS SOMETHING TY WANTED AND IT'S NOW T MOSTUCCESSFUL PART OF THE PROJECT. THE NEXT LESSON I THAT THINGS TAKE MUCHONGER THAN YOU'D EXPECT. HAVE A FRID WHO HAS A MTO BEHIND HIS DE IN KABUL SAYING HALF AS MUCH IN FOUR TIMESHE TIME. SOREALLY, IF YOU'RE WORKING, YOU HAVE TO RECOGNIZE A COUNTRY THAT HAS BN THROUGH 30 YEARS OF WAR JUST LACKS CAPACY. MAYBE 60 P70% OF THE PEOPLE WHERE WE'R WORK, THE OLD CITY, CAN'T READ OR WRITE. Warner: WHAT DO AFGHS WANT? WHAT DTHE AFANS YOU SPEAK WITH AND KNOW SO WE WANT.

>> I CERTALY CANNOT SPEA FOR AFGHS IN GENERAL. I'M NOT AN AFGHAN AND I WOULDN'T WANT TO DOHAT. BUT MY SENSE THROH CONVERSATIONS ON T STREET IS PEOPLE PRIMARILYONCERNED WITH SECUTY BY WHICH THEY DON'T REALLY MEAN THE TALIBAN AND AL QAEDA. THEYEAN CMINALITY. THEY MEAN THEIR SETUP WITH THE POLICE FORCE WHICH IPREDATORY AND CORRUPT. THEY'RE D UP WITH THE FACT THEY CAN TRAVEL SAFELY ONTHE MAIN ROAD TO KANDAHAR. AND EY WANT JUSTICE. THEY'RE SET UP WITH THE CORRUPTION IN E COURT SYSTEM. THE PROBLEM WITH THAT IS THOSE ARE TWO THINGS THE TALAN RCEIVED AS HAVING DELIVED IN '96, AND '97, SECITY AND JUSTICE. SO THIS GOVERNMENT REALLY NEEDS TO ADDRE SOME OF THE RY TRADITIONAL CONCER OF THE PEOPLE.

>> Warner: NOW, INOUR WALK ACROSS THE COUNTRY, ICH I READ WITH GREAT INTEREST, YOU STED OVERNIT IN THESE TINY, VERY TRADITIONAL, VERY CONSERVATIV VILLAGES. YOU STAYED WITH THESE VER CONSERVATIVE ELDERWHO REGARDED YOU WITH SOME GREAT SUSPICION. WHATS YOUR SENSE OF THE NATURE OF THE TALIBAN?

>> MY SENSE IS THE TALIBAN IS NOT ALL-- A POPULAR FORCE BY ANY MEANS, BUT INOME CASES TH'RE A LOCAL FORCE, INDIGENOUS FORCE. AND FROM THE POI OF VIEW OF THE VILLAGE, THEY SEEHE AFGOOD-BYE POLIC, THEY'RE RUDE, MAYB TAKING BRIBES, YBE TH'LL SEE THE CANIAN AND AMERIC TROOPS, AND MAYBE THEYL BE SEARCHING THROUGH THEIR LONGINGS, AND THE TALIBAN SHOW UP D THEY DON'T LIKE THE EITHER, T AT LEAST THE TALIBAN TALK ABOUT ISLAM. THEY MAY BE OCCASIONALLY MORE POLITE. MAYBE THEY ARE THEMSELVES AFGHAN. PEOPLE DON'T LIKE THE TALIBAN. IF THEY HAD CHOICE BETWEEN FOREIGN TROOPS, THE POLI, OR THIT BARNG THEY'LL CHOOSEHE TALIBAN. >>arner: FINALLY, WHAT WAS UR SENSE OF PEOPLE WHO ARE DELY RELIGIOUS, WHO FOLLOW A VERY TRADITIONAL, VERY CONSERVATIVE FORM OF ISLAM, HOW THEY REGARUS, AND HOW OPEN EY ARE TO US OR THE WEST OR ANY-- ORVEN A SYEM THAT SOMEW HAS BEEN CATED OR MODELED MORE ON A STERN SYSTEM

>> OF COURSE. PEOPLE WHO LE IN REMOTE VILLAGES ARE MUCH MORE CONSERVATIVE AND MUCH MORE SUSPICUS OF FOREIGNE THAN WE LIKE TO ACOWLEDGE. NIGHT AFTENIGHT, STAYINGN VILLAGE HOUSES, PEOE WOULD QUESTION WHY I WASN'T A MUSLIM, TA TO ME AT THEIR DEGHT OF DRIVING OUT THE BRITISH THERE'QUITE A BIT OF TIONALISM. I THINTHE AFGHAN ARE GENEROUS THEY'RE HOSTABLE. THEY LOOKED AFTER WELL. I WASBLE TO TRAVEL ACROSS THE COUNTRY BECAUSE E VLAGEERS PROTECTED ME. THEY DON'T WANT TO LIVUNDER A FOREIGN MITARY OCCUPATN AND ZEE TO BEERY CAREFUL. THEY WE ACCUSTOMED DURING TE 1980s TO FIGING A JIHAD A HOLY WAR AINST THE SOVIET UNION. WE SULDN'T PUT OURSELVES IN THE POSITIONHAT THESE CONSERVATIVES BEGIN TO BIEVE WE'RENTERFERING INHEIR CULTURE, IN THEIR RELIGION, IN EIR LIVES. BY AND LARGE, THESE PEOPLE WANT TO BE LEFTLONE. I DON'T BEEVE THAT AGHANS ARE A SNIFICANT THREAT TO U.S.R EUROPEAN NIONAL SECURITY. ST OF THE PEOPLE WE'RE FIGHTING COULDN'T FI THE UNITED STATES ON AAP. THEY'RE, BROADLY SPEAKING, PEOPLE WH QUITE A NARROW, CONSERVATIVEGENDA WHERE EY'RE FIGHTING FOR TEIR VALUES IN THEICOUNTRY AND WE NE TO SEPARATE THAT GROUP OF PEOPLE FROM THE VERY SALL MINORITY OF AL QAED TERRORISTS WHO WANT TO ACTUALLY ATTA US HERE BACK IN THE UNITED STAT.

>> Warner: RORY STEWART, THANK YOU SO MUCH. THANK YOU.

>> Woodruff: AND TO THANALYSIS OF SHIEL AND BROOKS, SYNDATED COLUMNIST MARK SHIELDS AND "NEW YORK TIME COLUMNIST DAVID OOKS.

>> Woodruff: GENTLEMEN, THK YOU BOTH FOR BEING HERE. WE JUST HEARD ON AFGNISTAN, RY STEWART TALKINGO MARGARET WARN BER WHAT TO DO. TODAY, THE NAT MISTERS, DAV SOUNDING SUPPORTIVE. THE DEFENSE SEETARY, BOB GATES IS SAYING E U.S. IS COMMITTED TO AFGHANIAN. WHO IS YOUR NSE OF WHERE THE PRESIDENT IS HEAD?

>> WELL, THEY THK GER GOING TO DECIDE WITHIN TWO ORHREE WEEKS. TH SEEMS TO BE THE TIME FRA. AND MY DERSTANDING IS IT' PARTLY DECISION ABOUT TROOPS, WHETHER TO KEEP WHERE ARE OR GO UP T EVEN 80,000 OR RE, 40,000 OR SOME LSS. BUT IT'SOSTLY DISCUSSION STRATEGY. YOU CAN DO IT BY CONTROLLING THE CITI AND T TRYING TO CTROL THE COUNTRYSI. DOOU HAVE TO CONTROL SWATHS THE COUNTRYSIDE. IT'S A MUCH MORE NUANCED FIGHT THAN MORE TRPS-- IT'S NOT ONLY MORE TROOPS. IT'S HOW EXACTLY WE CAN DO IT. I INK THE COMMITMENT OF BEING THERE AND MAKING SUREHE TALIN DOESN'T KE OVER SEEMS TO BE UNQUESTION. THE REFLECT INSIDE THE WHITE HOUSE DOES NOTEFLECT THE DEBATE OUTSI THAT WE SHOULD SCALDOWN. THAT NOT AN OPTION. WE AREOT GETTING O OF AFGHANISTAN.

>> Woodrf: WHAT'S YOUR SENSE, MARK, IN TMS OF HOW THE WHITE HOUSE IS GOING ABOUT DNG THIS?

>> I THINK,UDY, THAT, OBVIOUSLY, WE SAW A IMPORTANT STEP THIWEEK WITH THE WHITE HOUSE, THE ADMINISTRATION S MOVED TO MAKE AFINAL DECISION ON HOW MANY TROOPS. IT W JOHN KER'S MISSION,ND WHETHER CHAIRM OF THE FOREIGN RELATIONS COMMITE, FORM PRESIDENTIAL NINEE, MADE IT CLR TO PRESIDENT KARZAI TH HE HAD ESSENALLY THE OPTIONS THE FIRST OF WCH WAS TO HAVE ANOTHER ELECTION, OR, T, HAVE THE COALITION GOVERNME BRING IN HIS OONENT. OR, THREE, THAT THUNITED STATES, HE WOULD PRABLY HAVE SAFE CONCT SOME PLACE ELSE. IN FACT, SUPPORT FO THIS WOULD ERODIN THE CONGRESS. FINANCIAL SUPPORT, ONOMIC SUPPORT. I THINK AT WAS AN IMPORTANT FIRST STEP, A NECESSARY SP. THEIRONY I AS THIS SDIFGSS MADE, THE WEATHER IS TURNING TO THE POINT WHERE COMBAT BECOMES LESS AND SS LILY, OR FRUITFUL. I MEAN, IT'S GOING TO BE FROZEN. LOGISTICALLYT BECOMES DIFFICULT TO MO AROUND THE COUNTRY. THE WINTER TURNS AGAINST THEM. SO EVEN GETTING TROOPS IN AND GETTING THE SUPPORT IIS GOING TO BE A DIFFICULT AND TIME-CONSUMI TASK WHEN THE DECISION I FINALLY MADE.

>> IF WE CLD PIGGYBACK O ONE THING. 'S ALSO AN ARGUMENT WE SHLDN'T BE PROMOTG DEMOCRACY IN PLACES LIKE THIS. HAVING ELECTIONS I NOT DEMOCRACY. BUT ALST EVERY TIME YOU FIND OUT THE TRUE NATURE AEGIME, WHETHER AN IRAN ORAFGHANISTAN, IT'S BAUSE OF AN ELECTION? AN ELECTION REALLY IS TESTING COIN, AND A T OF PROGRESS OUT OF ELECTIONS. YOU FI OUT ABOUT A COUNTRY AND IT'S PART OF THE STEP PROCESS FORWARD HAVING ELECTNS.

>> Woodruff: WHAT COYOU DO Y MAKE, BOTHF YOU, OF FORMER VICE PRESIDENT DICK CENEY ACCUNG THE PRESIDENT OF DH ON AFGHANISTAN. HE SAIDHE SEEMS AFRAID OF MAKING A DECISI.

>> DICK AIN SEGIFT TO PRESIDT OBAMA AS HE GOES THROUGH THIS DIFFICULT DECISI. THINK THE PASSION I AGAINST SEING MORE TROOPS, CERTNLY IN THE PSIDENT'S OWN PARTY, THE LEFT OF HIS OWN PARTY, BOTH WINGS. AND DI CHENEY KIND OF BNGS BACK A REMINDER OF HOW DECISIONS WEREADE IN THE PREVIOUS/8 ADMINISTRATION. 4EREADE IN THE PREVIOUS/8

>> WELL E REFLECTION IS WHERE THE REPUBLICAN PARTY IS. THE COUNTRY HAS CHGED PROFOUNDLY ITHE LAST GENERATI, JUST DEMOGRAPHICALLY IN 1992, WHEN BILL CLINT WAS ELECTED PRESENT, AFRICAN AMERICANS, HISPANICS, AND ASN AND OTHER MINOTIES REPRESENTED LY 13% OF THE ENTIRE ELECTORATE. IN008, WHEN BARACK OBAMA WON, THEY REPRESENTED 26%. AND IT'S A GROWING PCENTAGE. AND DAVIDENTIONED JOHN McCAIN AND LINDSEY GRAHAM, AND HE'S RIGHT. THEY'RE TRYING TO REACH OUT, AND THEY RECOGNI THE COUNTRY'S CHAND. THE PARTY HAS CHANGE. AND THREPUBLICAN PARTY THUMBED AMONTHOSE NEW EMERGING CONSTITUENCIES,AMONG YOG VOTERSAND I THINK IT PROBABLY BEST EXEMPLIFI IN THE SPECIAL ELTION IN THE 23rd DISTRICT OF NEW YORK--

>> Woodruf UPSTATE NEW YORK.

>> UPSTATE NE YORK, AGAINST THE CANADIAN BORDER. FOR 137 YEARS THAT DISICT HAS BEEN REPRENTED BY REPUBLICAN THERE IS A CANCY, AND THE REPUBLICAN NOMINEE H BEEN OPPOD BY MANY IN HER OWN-- IN THE CONSVATIVE WING OF THE PARTY, THEAMILY RESEARCH COCIL AND SO FOR, SARAH PALIN, A THE FORMER REPUBLICAN FROM VIRGINIA, THE ASTUTE MAN SAIDUSH LIMBAH AND FAMILY RESEARCH COUNCIL REALLY WANT THE REPUBLICANARTY TO BE A SOCIAL CLUB WRE THERE'S AN ADMISSION TEST RATHER THAN A POLITIC RTY THAT BY DEFINITION IS A COALITION.

>> Woodruff: WEH IN ON TH. I AGREE. IT'S SORT OF A TEA PARTY MOVEMENT. IT'S-- THEY WANT NARROW FINITION OF SMALL COMMUNITY OF PURISTS ANTHEY ARE RUNNING AGNST ANY MODATE REPUBLICAN. THAT IS THE IDENTITY CRISIS OF THE PARTY. AND THE DANGER FROM I THINK A LOT OF PEOP'S POINT OF VEW, THE REPUBLANS WILL PROBABLY DO WELL IN 2010, AND THEY'LL DR THE EXACTWRONG CONCLUSIONS IT'S BECAUSE THEY WENT OVER TTHE TEA PARTY MOVEMENT THAT THEY DID WELL, ANTHAT WILL RETARD THE GROWTH OF THE PAY. SHOULD ALSO S THE REPUBLICAN PARTY IS, OBVISLY, IN TERRIBLE SHAPE. THE DEMOATIC PARTY IS ALSO SUFFING. THE INDEPENDTS ARE THE ONL GROUPREALLY THRIVING. TO ME T 2008 ELECTI, BARACK OBACREATED A BAD CENT LEFT INCLUDING A LOT OF RED PLAS VOTED FORBAMA AND DEMOCRATIC CONGRESPEOPLE, AND HE'S LOST LOT OF THEM

>> Woodruff: THAT CALLTO MIND THE WHITHOUSE MVE, VID, OVERF THE LAST FEW WEE TO TAKEON FOX NE, FOX CABLE NEWS AND SAYING THEY'REOT A REAL NE ORGANIZATION. WHAT DO YOU MAKE OF THAT?

>> IHINK IT'S, A., UNTRUE. I THK THERE ARE RL JONALISTS ON FOX NEWS. THPEOPLE ON THE 6:00 NE ARE REAL QUALY URNALISTS. THAT DOESN'T MEAHE HAS TO LIKE BILL ORILEY AND GLENN BCK. THINK THEY'RE FACTUALLYRONG. I UNDERSTANDHY THEY'RE DOING IT. IF THECAN IDENTIFY THE REPUBLICANARTY WITH GLENN BECK TH'S TO THEI ADVANTAGE. NONETHELESS, I THINK ITHE LONG TERM, YOU E DEFINED BY YOU ENEMIES AND IF YOU SEE YOURSELF THE PERPETUAL ENEMY OF RUSH LIAUGH AND GLENN BECKYOU WILL COMEO APPEAR THE ANTI-RUSH LIMBAUGH AND AN-GLENN BECK, AND THE IDEA TAT BARACK OBAMA ME TO OFFICE IS WEILL PUT AWAY CLDISH THGS AND PUT ASIDE PETTY FIGHTSTHAT WILL GO AY.

>> I DO UNDERSTAND THEIR GOING AFTER THEM? I GUESI DO. FOX NEWS LISTSTSELF AS FA AND BALANCED AND GLENN BECK ADMIDST HE A RODEO CLOWN, AND SEANAN HIT, O RAISING MONEY FOR CONSERVATIVE CAUSES, CAMIGNING FOR THE REPUBLICANS. THEY'RE NOT JOURNALISTS IN ANY SEE. I DOGREE WITH DAVID THAT PEOPLE LIKE CHRIS WAACE RUN A GOOD SUNDAY SHOW AND THERE ARE OPLE-- BUT THEY JST HAVE EMERGED, I THINK OPINIO AND NEWSATHERING TERE MORE THAN, CEAINLY, TH IS TRADITIOL. AND I DOELIEVE THAT IT'S A SERIOUS MISTAKE ON THE PARTF E WHITE HOUSE TO DO IT. I THINK YO LOOK SLL. I THINK YOU LO PET. THEY LOOKED VERY PETTY YESTERDAY WHEN KEN FEIN BERG, THE PAY CZA THE PAY DICTOR, WTEVER YOU NT TO CALL HIM, CME IN TO HEADHE HIS REPORT, AND THE WHITE HOUSE'S INITIAL PRESS REACTION WAS EVERY NETWORK COULD COMEN EXCEPT FOX TO THE OTHER NETWORKS' CREDIT, THEY OBJECTED, RUSED TO PARTIPATE. BUT LET'SET ONE THING STRAIGHT-- IHINK IT'S A MISTAKE. I THINK IT'S A TACTICAL MISJUDGMENT. RICHARD NIX HAD A ENEMIE LIST. THAT'S CORRUPTING THE F.B.I., THE IRS,HE SECRET SERVICE TO GO AFTER PEOPL THAT CREATED A LIST OF 47,000 SECURITY THRE AGNST THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES AND A DATASE WHICH PREVIOUSLY H 200-- IT WAS USG WIRETAPS AND TAX INVESTIGATIONS. THIS IS NOT TO B COMPARE TO THAT IN ANY SSE.

>> Woodruff:OMECRITICS.

>> SOME A, BUT IT'S STILL DEMEANING. IT IS ANTI-OH, REILLY. WHY WOULD U WANT TO DO THAT? YOU'REHE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES. U CAN RISE ABOVE ANYTHING THAT'S SUPPOSED TOBE WHAT YOU'REEPRESENTING. THEYE NOT DOING IT.

>> Woodruff: ONE OER THING I WANT TO ISE WITH YOU IS WHAT MARK JUSTICE RSED, ANDHAT THE MOVE BY KEN FINEBERG, THE COMPENSATION CZAR, AND THE FEDERAL RESERVE YESTDAY TO COMEOWN ON THESE COMPANIES TH HAVE GOTT GOVERNMENT MONEY ANSAY WHERE YOU NOT GOG TO BE ABLE TOGIVE SOME OF THESE HUGE PAY PACKAGES. SMART? GO IDEA? NOT?

>> BAD IDEA. I DON'T KE THE COMPENSATION PAAGES. I THK WHAT THE COMNIES-- I INK THE COMPANIES SHOULD POLICE THEMSELVES. AS EDMUND BURKEAID WHAT NOT CONTROED BY CUSTOM WILL BE CONTROLLED BY W.

>> I DISAGREE COMPLETELY. WHEN THEEDERAL GOVERNMENT OF THE UNITED STATES, THE PEOE OF THIS COUNTRY, VEDHOSE COMPANIES. THEY BECAME WARDOF THE STATE. THEY ARE RESPONSIBLE TO AND ACCOUNTABLE TO AMECAN XPAYERS. WHEN A.I.G. GETS $183 BILLION IN GUARANTEES AND TN HAS THE TEMERITYND THE CHUPAH TO GIVE ITSELF A $165ILLION IN BONUSES, JUDY, SOMEBODY HAS TO STEP IN, AND THANK GOODNESS WE'V GOT PUBIC SERNTS LIKE KEN FINEBERG WHO HAVE ANERED THAT CALL. KUDOTO HIM. Woodruff: THIS IS ONE WE MAY NEED TO BRENGUP WITH THE TWO OF YOU AGAIN. GOOD PUBLIC SERVANTS. DAVID OOKS AND MARK SHIELD THANK YOBOTH.

>> Woouff: FINALLY TONIGHT, A HEROIC PILOT REFLECTS HIS LIFE AND THEOMENT THAT CHANGED IT. JEFFY BROWN SAT DOWNAST WEEK WITH CAPTA "SULLY" SULLENBEER.

>> BrownON JANUARY 15 OF THIS YEAR, A AIRWAYS IGHT TAKING F FROM LA GUARDIA TO NEW YORK LOST USE OF BOKTS ITS ENGINES AFTER RUNNING INTO A FLO OF GEE. PTAIN CHESLEY SLENBERGER MANAGED TO LAND THE PLANE INHE DSON RIVER, AND ALL 155N BOARD, PASSENGERS AND EW, SURVIV. CAPTAIN SULLENRGER HAS WRITTEN A BOOK "HIGHEST DUTY"HAT RECOUNTS THE LIFE LESSONS TH PREPARED HIM TO COPE WIT THAT MOMENT OF PERA I WILL HE INS ME NOW AND WELCOME TO YOU.

>> THANK YO FOR HAVING ME.

>> Brown: ONE OF THE THEMES THAT COS THROUGH IS THIS IDEA OF BEING PRARED, PREPARATIONS THAT HELPED YOU AT THAT MOMENT. ANDIT COMES THROUGH IN A WAY THAT SUGGES WHY YOU DON'T REALLY LE THE IDEA OFEING THOUGHT OF AS A HERO. EXPLAIN THAT

>> WELL, I THIN LIKE MANY PEOPLE WHO HAVE FOUND THEMSELVES SAUCHB EXTRAORDINA CIRCUMANCE, THEY REALLY DO FEEL LE THEIR ENTIRE LIVES HAVE BEEA PREPARATION FOR THAT MOMENT AND I THINK THAT'S ESCIALLY TRUE IN MY CASE BECAUSE I REMEMB VIVIDLY AS A CHILD KNOWING AT I NEED TO BE PREPARED R WHATEVER MIGHT ME. AND MY MHER WAS A RST GRADE TEACHER, AND FR HER I GOT A EAT LIFELONG GIFT OF LEARNIN ONE OF THE THINGS I TEH MY CHILDREN ITHAT I HAVE ALWAYS INVESTED IN MELF, AND I HAVE NEVER STOPPED LEARNI, NEVER STOPPED OWING.

>> Brown: YOU KNOW, EVEN MORE SPECIFICALLY, YOURITE ABOUT AS AOUNGTUDENT PILOT, YOU STUDIEACCIDENTS, AND THEN THE AIR FORCE, YOU STU WHAT HAPPENED T PILOTS THAT WERE IN CIDENTS ANDHY THEY HAPPENED >>OU KNOW, IT'S BEEN SD THAT A SMARTERSON LEARNS FROM HIS HER OWN EXPERIENCES, BUT A WISE PERSON LRNS ALSO FROM THE EXPERIENCES OF OTHERS,ND I'VE TRIED MY WHOLE LI TO BE ONE OF THE LTTER. IN FACT, FLYING JET FIGHTERS, IF YOUON'T LEARN FROM OTHER PEOPLE'S EXPERNCES, AND YOU LEARN ONLYROM YOUR OWN, YOU MIGHT NOT SURVIVE.

>> Brown: THERE IS THAT KIND OF BACKGROUND. ERE IS ALSO A LOT OF PERSONA BACKGROUND HRE, PERHAP A LOT OF PEOPLDIDN'T KNOW.

>> TS IS A VERY, VERY PSONAL STY. INACT, WE THOUGHT LONG AND HARD AUT HOW MUCH OF IT TO INCLE IN THIS STORY, T ULTIMATELY, I DECIDE TO INCLUDE ALL THE VER PERSONAL PAS BECAUSE ITAS SO IMPORTANT TO SHARE WITH THE READER HOW I ENDED BEING THE PERS I AM AN HOW ALL THESE EXRIENCES, ALL THE PEOPLE WHOSE LIVES UCHED MINE, CTRIBUTED, NOT ONLYO THE OUTCOME ON JANUARY 15, BUT TO MY BEING AE TO HANDLE THE ATTENTION AFTERWARDS.

>> Brown: WELL ONE OF THE PARTS IS ABOUT THEUICIDE OFOUR FATHER.

>> ABSOLUTEL

>> Brown: D YOU WRITE HERE, "QUITE FRANKLY, ONE OF THE REASONS I THINK I PLA SUCH A HIGH VALUE ON LIFES THAT MY THER TOOK HIS." YOU NTINUE, "I'M WILLING TO WORK HARD TO PROTECT PEOPLE'S LIVES, TO NOT BE A BYSTANDER IN PA BECAUSE I COUL'T SAVE MY FAER." >>ES, AND IN FACT NOT ONLY DID MY FATHER TAKING HIS OWNIFE AFFECT MEEEPLY, OBVIOUSLY, BUT A TEEN, THERE WAS A PARTICULAR NEWS STORY THATAS REPORTED NIONWIDE THAT CAME IGINALLY FROM NE YORK. KITTYENEVAISE, AND ATTHE AGE OF 13, AFTER HEARING THE REPORTS THAT INCATED A WOMAN WAS STABBED TO DTH, WAS MDERED OVER A LG PERIOD WHERE MANY PEOPLEAY HAVE HEARD OR SEEN SOMETHING ABOUIT AND, APPARENTLY, DIDN'T OOSE TO INTERVE OR EVEN CALL THE POLICE, THAT SHOCKED ME. IT WAS REALLY DISTRESSIN TO ME THAT THA COULD TAKE PLACE IN A CIVILIZED CIETY. AND I ESSENTIALLY PROMISED MYSELF FIEVER WAIN A SITUATION ERE I COULD ACT, I ULD CHOOSE TO DO SO TO HELP SOMEONE.

>> Brown: DID YOU THINABOUT THESE INGS BEFORE THIS EVENT IN JANUA? I MEAN WERE YOU THE KIND OF RSON THAT REFLECTED WHAT MAD ME,OW WOULD I ACT IN CRTAIN SITUATIONS, OR WAS ITHAT EVENT THAT S YOU BACK TO THINKING ABOUALL THESE THINGS? IT WAS THE FORR. I THINTHE FACT THAT LIVED MY LIFE IN A SORT OF THGHTFUL CONSIDED WAY AND FOR SO LONG-- THISAPPENED TO ME WHEN I WAS 58 YEARSSOLD SO I H A LIFELONG OFXPERIENCE TO MEET THCHALLENGES NOT ONLY OF THE FLIGHT BUT THE ATTENTION AFTERWDS. I THINK IT W THE WAYY LIVED MY LIFE. I CARE ABOUT IAS. I RE ABOUT THINGS THA ARE IMPORTANT,AND I'VE DO A LOT OF THINKING ABOUT EM BEFORE TH HAPPENED

>> Brown: U WERE THRUST, OF COURSE, INTO KIND OF CELEBRITY THAT FEW WOULD EVER EXPERIENCE. I TALKEDO A LOT OF FAMOUS PEOPLE HERE. USLLY THEY'VE WORKED THEIR WAY TOWARDS IT OR THEY H SOME PECTATION, RIGHT, OF A MUSICI OR AN TOR OR SOTHING MIGHT HAVE HOPED FOR THAT. YOU DID NOT LIVE THAT WAY THINKINGHAT THIS MIGHT HAPP, RIGHT?

>> THIS WAS A LIFEHANGING EVENT. IN ANNSTANT, MY LI CHANGED. CERTAINLY,HIS WAS A LIFE-CHANGING ENT FOR EVERYONE THE AIRPLANE ANDHEIR FAMILIES. THERE WAS NO PREM FOR THIS. THERE WAS NOTIME TO PREPARE. IF ONE HADT ALREADY PPARED IN T WAY HE SHE HAD LIVED THEIR LIFE, ERE WAS NO WAY TO CATCH UP. D IT WAS LIKE HAVIN A FIRE HOSEOINTED AT YOU SGLEFT GRIPPING DESIPTION HERE OF THE THRE- YOU SAY AN INSTANT-- I THINK THREE NUTES FROM THE TI THE-- >>WE HAD 208 SECONDS FR THE TIME WE STRUCKHE BIS UNTIL WE LANDED.

>> Brown: 2 SECONDS.

>> 208 SECONDS SGLEFDOU'RE VERY ARE OF HOW MANY SECONDS.

>> ANOTHERMAZING THING--OT ONLY IS IS A VERY PERSONAL STORY BUT I THINPEOPLE WHO THINK THEY ALREADY KOW THE STORWILL BE SURPRISEDOW MUCH I SHARE ABOUT AT WAS SIDE MY HEAD DURING THOS 208 SECONDS, HOW I MADE THESE PORTANT, LI-CHANGING DECISIONS, HOW WE WERE AE TO SOLVE T NEXT PROBLEM, WHAT I S CONCERNED ABOUT,WHAT I KNEW, WHAT I DIDN'T KNO WHAT MY CONCERNS WERE. SO I USED ALL MY LI EXPERIENCE TO MEET THAT CHALLENGE. Brown: LET ME ASK YOU. PERSONAL ADVICE IS ONE PT OF THIS. I KN ANOTHER THING THAT'S IMPORTANT YOU IS AIINE SECURITY AND SAFY.

>> YES.

>> Brown: ADVICE FO ALL OF US AS FLIERS. HOW SHOULD WE THIN ABOUT THIS? IS IT--AND I WAS JUST THINKING ABOUT THIS BECSE IASEADING JUST THE OTHER DAY THE F.A.A. PUTS O WARNINGS ORINES AIRLINES SOMIMES FOR THINGS IT FIND WRONG. I JUST SAW ONE THE OHER DAY. IS TT AGOOD THG IN THE SENSE THERE IS REGULATORY SYSTEM OUTHERE WATCHG AND CATCHI THINGS OR ARE THERE REASONS TO WORRY?

>> THE SYSTEM DOESATCH THINGS. WE HAVE A VERY SAFE VERY ROBUST SYSTEM. WHAT I'M TALKING ABOUT WHEN I SPEAK PUBLICLYN AVIATION SAFETY IS WAYSTO MAKE IT BETTER AND WAYS TO CONTINUE THE TREND, ICH IS TOWARD MORE SAFETY. THE CHANCES OF BNG INVOLVED IN AN ACCIDENT NOW ARE A FRACTION OF WHATHEY WERE EVEN 10 OR 15 YEARAGO. BUTHAT'S BECAUSE OF VEMTZ WE'VE MADE I PREVIOUS GENERATIONS. WHAT I'M SKRJINGS THAT WE CONTIN TO MAKE OOING, FUTURE CONTRIBUTION AND INVESTMENTS AND NOT ONLY IN TECHNOLOGY, NOT ONLY IN THE SYSTE, BUT IN PEOP.

>> Lehrer: AND YO WERE JST TELLING ME BEFORE START YOU'VE GONE BACK TO FLYING.

>> I HAVE. JU WEEKS AGO I GOT TO FLY WITH JEFFREY SKIRL. MY FIRSTFFICER FROM JANUARY 15. WAS A WONDERFUL REUNION FLIGHT, AND WE ALSO DEPARTED NE YORK LA GUARDIA, ANDE FINISHED THE FLIG WE DI'T QUI FINISH BACK IN JANUARY ON THE WAY TO CHARLOTT

>> Brown: E BOOK IS "HIGHEST DUTY." CAPTN SULLENBERGER, THANK YOU SO MUCH.

>> THANK YOUOR HAVING ME.

>> JEFF'S INTVIEW WAS TAPED BEFORE THIS WEEK'S INCIDENT TH THE NORTEST PLANE.

>> Woodruff: AGAIN, E MAJOR DEVELOPMTS OF THE DAY. NEDATA RELEASED FROM U.S. AND WORLD HEALTH AUTHOTIES SHOWED THE N1 VIRUS EXTENDING ITS REACH. AND WE RESULTS FROM INDUSTRIAL COMPANIES MOVED THE STK MARKET LOWER TOY. THE W JONES INDUSTRIAL AVERAGE LOST MORE THAN 100 PNTS. "WASHINGTON EK" CAN BE SEEN TER THIS EVENING ON MOST PBS STATIONS. WE'LL SEE YOU ON-LIN AND AGAIN HERE MONDAY EVENING, HAVE NICE WEEKEND. I'JUDY WOODRUFF. THK YOU, AND GOOD NIGHT. MAJOR FUING FOR THE NEWSHOUR WITH JIMEHRER IS PROVIDED BY:

>> TINY LITTLE THING, IT JUST... NOT G. AH... OK, I FOUND IT. ( CHEERS ANDPPLAUSE ) OKAY.

>> WE ARE INTEL, SPONSORS OF TOMORROW. THIS IS THE ENGINE THAT CONNECTS ABUNDANT GRAIFROM THE AMERIC HEARTLAND TO HARAN'S BEST SELLING WHEATWHILE KEEPG 60 BILLION POUNDS OF CARBON OUT OF THE ATMOSPRE EVERY YEAR. BNSF, THENGINE THAT CONNECTS US.

>> CHEVRON. THIS IS THE POWER OFUMAN ENERGY. >>ND BY WELLS FARGO ADVISORS. TOGETHER, WE'LL GOAR. GRANT THORNTON. AND BY THE ALFRED P. SLOAN FOUNDATION. SUPPORTING SCIENCE, TECHLOGY, AND IMPROV ECONOMIC PERFORNCE AND FINANCIAL LITERACY IN THE 21ST CENTURY D WITH THE ONGOING SUPPORT O THESE INSTITUTIO AND FOUNDATIONS. AND... THIS PROGRAM WAS MADE POIBLE BY THE CORPOTION FOR PUBLIC BADCASTING. ANBY CONTRIBUTIONS TO YOUR PBS STATION FROM VIEWE LIKE YOU. THANK U.Wd Captioning sponsored MacNEIL/LEHRER ODUCTIONS Captioned b Media Access Grp at WGBH acceswgbh.org