PBS NewsHour; July 30, 2012 6:00pm-7:00pm PDT

BRAZIL'S ECONOMIC BOOM, FORMER PRESIDENT FERNANDO HENRIQUE CARDOSO, RECENTLY HONORED AT THE LIBRARY OF CONGRESS.

>> Woodruff: AND RAY SUAREZ EXAMINES A LEGAL BATTLE BETWEEN TWO TECH GIANTS, APPLE AND SAMSUNG, SQUARING OFF IN FEDERAL COURT OVER PATENT INFRINGEMENTS.

>> Ifill: THAT'S ALL AHEAD ON TONIGHT'S NEWSHOUR. MAJOR FUNDING FOR THE PBS NEWSHOUR HAS BEEN PROVIDED BY: MOVING OUR ECONOMY FOR 160 YEARS. BNSF, THE ENGINE THAT CONNECTS US. THE WILLIAM AND FLORA HEWLETT FOUNDATION, WORKING TO SOLVE SOCIAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS AT HOME AND AROUND THE WORLD. AND WITH THE ONGOING SUPPORT OF THESE INSTITUTIONS AND FOUNDATIONS. AND... THIS PROGRAM WAS MADE POSSIBLE BY THE CORPORATION FOR PUBLIC BROADCASTING. AND BY CONTRIBUTIONS TO YOUR PBS STATION FROM VIEWERS LIKE YOU. THANK YOU.

>> Ifill: COLORADO PROSECUTORS FORMALLY CHARGED JAMES HOLMES TODAY WITH 24 COUNTS OF FIRST DEGREE MURDER IN ONE OF THE DEADLIEST MASS KILLINGS EVER. THERE WERE TWO CHARGES FOR EACH OF THE 12 PEOPLE KILLED IN THE MOVIE THEATER IN AURORA. AND THE 24-YEAR-OLD ALSO FACES TWO COUNTS OF ATTEMPTED MURDER FOR EACH OF THE 58 INJURED. THE MURDER CHARGES CARRY A MAXIMUM PENALTY OF DEATH AND A MINIMUM OF LIFE WITHOUT PAROLE. PETER BANDA OF THE ASSOCIATED PRESS WAS IN THE COURTROOM TODAY. I SPOKE WITH HIM A SHORT TIME AGO. THEY'RE CHARGING THEM UNDER TWO DIFFERENT NEAR OWES. MURDER AFTER DELIBERATION. A SECOND ONE FIRST DEGREE MURDER EXTREME INDIFFERENCE. ON THE OTHER COUNTS, THERE'S 116 COUNTS OF ATTEMPTED MURDER. TWO FOR EACH OF THE INJURED VICTIMS. THERE WERE 58 PEOPLE WHO WERE INJURED IN THAT THEATER. THEN THERE'S AN ADDITIONAL CHARGE OF POSSESSION OF EXPLOSIVES.

>> Ifill: SO IT'S FAR BEYOND JUST THE MURDER CHARGES. HIS ATTORNEYS, HIS DEFENSE ATTORNEYS WERE IN COURT TODAY ASKING FOR ADDITIONAL INFORMATION. WHAT WAS THAT ABOUT?

>> THE ADDITIONAL INFORMATION, THEY WANT TO GET TO THE BOTTOM OF WHO LEAKED THE REPORT OF A PACKAGE SENT TO A PSYCHIATRIST. THIS PSYCHIATRIST IS DESCRIBED AS "HIS PSYCHIATRIST." AND IT ALSO DESCRIBES A NOTEBOOK THAT REPORTEDDEDLY CONTAINS DETAILS OF THE CRIME. THE PROSECUTORS TOLD THE JUDGE THAT THEY WILL TURN OVER THE INFORMATION AS PART OF THE REGULAR DISCOVERY OR THE REGULAR EVIDENCE TO THE DEFENSE ATTORNEYS. SO THAT'S WHAT THEY WERE SEEKING.

>> Ifill: THEY CONFIRMED THAT THAT IN FACT EXISTS.

>> THAT'S CORRECT. THE PROSECUTORS TALKED ABOUT A NOTEBOOK. THEY TALKED ABOUT A BOMB SQUAD OPENING UP THE PACKAGE. THEY TALKED ABOUT TWO VIDEOS THAT THAT SHOW THIS PACKAGE IN A MAIL ROOK AND IT BEING OPENED UP. SO THERE'S DEFINITELY A NOTEBOOK. THERE'S DEFINITELY A PACKAGE.

>> Ifill: AS FAR AS WE KNOW, IT NEVER ACTUALLY REACHED THE PSYCHIATRIST THAT IT WAS ADDRESSED TO.

>> THAT'S CORRECT. IT WAS DISCOVERED, I BELIEVE, ON MONDAY. THAT'S WHEN THEY OPENEDDED IT. THAT'S WHEN THEY LEARNED THAT THERE WAS IN FACT A NOTEBOOK. NOW AS FAR AS, YOU KNOW, WHAT'S IN THE NOTEBOOK, PROSECUTORS IN COURT TODAY DIDN'T TALK ABOUT THAT.

>> Ifill: PETER, WE HAVE AN INDELIBLE IMAGE BY NOW OF WHAT JAMES HOLMES LOOKED LIKE IN COURT LAST WEEK. WHAT WAS IT LIKE TODAY?

>> BASICALLY THE SAME THING EXCEPT HIS HAIR WAS DIFFERENT. YOU SEE THE CURLY HAIR KIND OF POOFY IN THE PICTURES FROM LAST WEEK. TODAY HIS HAIR WAS FLAT. IT LOOKED LIKE HE HAD HAD A CAP ON AND HAD TAKEN IT OFF. IT WAS SMASHED. BUT OTHER THAN THAT, IT WAS JUST LIKE PEOPLE REMEMBER FROM THE VIDEO THAT WAS AIRED LAST WEEK. THROUGHOUT THE HEARING, HE WAS, YOU KNOW, DIDN'T SHOW MUCH EMOTION. THERE WAS A POINT DURING THE HEARING WHERE, YOU KNOW, PEOPLE ARE FAMILIAR WITH THIS, WHERE HIS EYES SEEM TO BE, HE SEEMS TO BE HAVING TROUBLE KEEPING HIS EYES OPEN. YOU KNOW,... GO AHEAD.

>> Ifill: DID HE SPEAK AT ANY POINT?

>> WELL, YOU KNOW AND SO I WAS LISTENING TO THE PROCEEDINGS. YOU KNOW, HE JUST KIND OF, YOU KNOW, LOOKING AROUND THE COURTROOM, NOT NECESSARILY LOOKING AROUND BUT IN A GENERAL STRAIGHT AHEAD AREA. YOU KNOW, HE'S KIND OF, YOU KNOW, WITH THIS TRYING TO KEEP HIS EYES OPEN. THE JUDGE ADDRESSED HIM. WAS ASKING HIM ABOUT A COURT HEARING. THEY WERE TALKING ABOUT, YOU KNOW, PUSHING IT OUT SOME WEEKS OVER WHAT IT NORMALLY WOULD BE. WHEN THE JUDGE ADDRESSED HIM HE ASKED HIM TO TALK TO HIS ATTORNEY ABOUT IT. THAT SORT OF SEEMED TO SNAP HIM OUT OF WHATEVER DEMEANOR HE WAS IN. AT THAT POINT HE FUR OWED HIS BROW AND KIND OF LEANED OVER TO HIS ATTORNEY AND THE ATTORNEY WAS TALKING. HE WAS SHAKING HIS HEAD. TO ME IT LOOKED LIKE HE MOUTHED OKAY. AND THEN THE JUDGE ASKED HIM, YOU KNOW, IS IT OKAY TO EXTEND THIS HEARING OUT? HE SAID YEAH. HE AID IT IN A LOW VOICE. I COULD BARELY HEAR IT. IT SOUNDED LIKE HE SAID YEAH. THAT WAS ABOUT IT.

>> Ifill: THIS JUDGE HAS BANNED ELECTRONICS AND CAMERAS FROM THE COURTROOM AND IMPOSED A GAG ORDER ON THE ATTORNEYS SO IT'S KIND OF IMPORTANT TO HEAR IT THROUGH YOUR EYES. WHO ELSE WAS IN THE COURTROOM TODAY? LAST WEEK WE SAW VICTIMS IN THE COURTROOM. WAS IT IS THE SAME WAY TODAY?

>> THAT'S CORRECT. THERE WERE VICTIMS AND VICTIMS' FAMILIES. THERE WAS ONE LADY WHO WAS THERE WHO HAD HER ARM BANDAGED. HER OTHER ARM HAD BRACELETS ON IT. SHE WAS... SHE ALSO HAD A WOUND ON ONE OF HER LEGS. WHEN SHE CAME OUT OF THE COURTROOM I DIDN'T NOTICE THIS WHEN I WAS IN THE COURTROOM BUT SHE... SHE CAME OUT IN A WHEELCHAIR. THERE WERE OTHER PEOPLE WHO WERE THERE. ONE GENTLEMAN WAS LEANING FORWARD AND LOOKING LOOKING STRAIGHT AT THE SUSPECT THE ENTIRE TIME. NEVER TOOK HIS EYES OFF HIM.

>> Ifill: NO PLEA WAS ENTERED TODAY BUT WE'RE EXPECTING THIS TO HAPPEN SOMETIME SOON?

>> NO, ACTUALLY. WHAT WILL HAPPEN IS THERE WILL BE A SERIES OF MOTIONS HEARINGS INCLUDING ONE MOTION BY THE MEDIA TO UNSEAL THE COURT RECORD. BUT AN ARRAIGNMENT WHERE THE SUSPECT WILL ENTER A PLEA WON'T HAPPEN UNTIL HIS PRELIMINARY HEARING. THAT WON'T HAPPEN UNTIL NOVEMBER.

>> Ifill: NOT UNTIL NOVEMBER. PETER BANDA OF THE ASSOCIATED PRESS, THANKS SO MUCH FOR TAKING US INSIDE THE COURTROOM.

>> THANK YOU.

>> Ifill: SO IS THE ALLEGED SHOOTER JAMES HOLMES A TYPICAL OR ATYPICAL SUSPECT IN CASES LIKE THESE? FOR THAT, WE TURN TO A RESEARCHER AND A CRIMINOLOGIST WHO HAVE STUDIED OTHER MASS SHOOTINGS. JAMES ALAN FOX IS PROFESSOR OF CRIMINOLOGY, LAW AND PUBLIC POLICY AT NORTHEASTERN UNIVERSITY. HE'S WRITTEN WIDELY ON THE TOPIC, INCLUDING IN HIS BOOK "EXTREME KILLING." AND DAVE CULLEN IS THE AUTHOR OF "COLUMBINE," THE BEST-SELLING BOOK ABOUT 1999'S DEADLY LITTLETON, COLORADO, HIGH SCHOOL SHOOTING. WELCOME TO YOU BOTH, GENTLEMEN. DAVE CULLEN, WANT TO START WITH YOU. WE THINK OF THE NAMES ERIC HARRIS AND EVEN AT VIRGINIA TECH, WE THINK TO OURSELVES THESE ARE TYPICAL OF WHAT MASS KILLERS DO? NOW ALLEGEDDEDLY JAMES HOLMES? WHAT IS THE PROFILE?

>> WELL, IT'S INTERESTING WHAT YOU SAID THAT THESE ARE TYPICAL. WHETHER THERE'S A PROFILE. BECAUSE THERE IS NO SINGLE PROFILE. THAT'S FOR SURE. BUT BETWEEN THE THREE OF THEM, ODDLY ENOUGH, WE HAVE THE THREE DIFFERENT PROFILES. BECAUSE NEARLY ALL OF THESE MASS MURDERERS TURN OUT TO BE ONE OF THOSE THREE PROFILES. ERIC HARRIS WAS A PSYCHOPATH IN THE CLINICAL SENSE MEANING NO EMPATHY, NO REMORSE, NO FEELING FOR OTHERS. DYLAN KLEBOLD AT COLUMBINE WAS A DEEP SUICIDALLY DEPRESSED KID. AND JOE WAS... CHO, DELUSIONAL, OUT OF TOUCH WITH REALITY, DEEPLY MENTALLY ILL. NEARLY ALL KILLERS FALL INTO ONE OF THOSE CATEGORIES BUT THE THREE CATEGORIES ARE COMPLETELY DIFFERENT. IF YOU WANT TO UNDERSTAND THEIR THOUGHT PROCESS AND HOW THEY GET TO MURDER, COMPLETELY... YOU HAVE TO SEPARATE THEM INTO THOSE GROUPS. COMPLETELY DIFFERENT.

>> Ifill: PROFESSOR FOX, ONE OF THE THINGS THAT CAME OUT OF WATCHING JAMES HOLMES LAST WEEK IN COURT IS THAT PEOPLE THOUGHT HE WAS EITHER INSANE OR MEDICATED OR VERY CLEVER IN HIS BEHAVIOR IN COURT. ARE WE ASSUMING TOO MUCH? ARE PEOPLE RACING TOO FAST TO TRY TO UNDERSTAND THIS?

>> PROBABLY. MOST MASS MURDERERS KILL PEOPLE THEY KNOW FOR PARTICULAR REASONS. VERY SELECTIVE. THIS IS THE RAREST FORM OF MASS MURDER WHO KILLS AT RANDOM. IT COULD EITHER BE SOMEONE WHO IS DEEPLY SCHIZOPHRENIC AND PSYCHOTIC WHO BELIEVES THAT EVERYONE IN THIS WORLD IS EVIL AND HAS TO BE PUNISHED, WHICH WOULD IMPLY PSYCHOSIS OR IT COULD BE SOMEONE WHO IS INDEED JUST TRYING TO SHOW HOW POWERFUL THEY ARE, HOW SUPERIOR THEY ARE. AND WENT THROUGH A TREMENDOUS AMOUNT OF PLANNING TO GET TO THAT END. WE DON'T KNOW FOR SURE. WE MAY NEVER KNOW ACTUALLY. BUT ONE THING IS CLEAR. IN A CASE LIKE THIS INSANITY DEFENSE IS REALLY A HAIL MARY. IT'S THE ONLY OPTION THE DEFENSE HAS. BUT JUST LIKE HIS EYES, OPEN AND SHUT, I WOULD SAY THAT THIS PROSECUTION, TOO, WOULD BE OPEN AND SHUT.

>> Ifill: DAVE CULLEN, IS THERE A TRIGGERING EVENT THAT USUALLY BRINGS THIS ON, WHETHER OR NOT YOU'RE DELUSIONAL OR PSYCHOTIC OR JUST SEVERELY SUICIDALLY DEPRESSED? IS THERE SOMETHING THAT PUSHES?

>> NOT REALLY. USUALLY THE TERM WE HEAR A LOT IS SNAP. HOW DID HE SNAP OR WHEN DID HE SNAP? THAT'S REALLY THE KIND OF TERMINOLOGY THAT LEADS US ASTRAY BECAUSE IT'S NOT SORT OF A FLIPPING A SWITCH. IT'S NOT AN OFF-ON THING. IT'S A GRADUALLY EVOLUTION WHICH USUALLY GOES ON FOR MONTHS OR EVEN YEARS. MOST OF THEM PLAN IN ADVANCE BUT IT TAKES YEARS BEFORE THAT. NOW, GIVEN ALL THAT AND THE SORT OF SLOW DOWNWARD SPIRAL THAT THEY NORMALLY GO THROUGH, THERE CAN BE SORT OF A FINAL ELEMENT. IN MOST CASES OF MASS MURDERS, THERE WAS A GREAT STUDY ON THE SCHOOL SHOOTERS IN PARTICULAR DONE BY THE SECRET SERVICE WHERE THEY FOUND THAT 98% OF THEM, YOU KNOW, A STAGGER 98% HAD SUFFERED WHAT THEY CONSIDERED EITHER A MAJOR FAILURE OR LOSS IN THE TIME LEADING UP TO IT. SO THERE USUALLY IS SOMETHING. THINK OF THAT MORE AS THE FINAL STRAW OR SOMEONE THAT CONTINUES DOWN THE PATH, MUCH MORE SO THAN SOMETHING THAT... THAN SET IT IN MOTION.

>> Ifill: PROFESSOR FOX, ONE OF THE THINGS WE ALWAYS START TO ASK OURSELVES WHEN THESE THINGS HAPPEN, IS THERE SOMETHING WE SHOULD HAVE SEEN? ARE THERE SIGNS WE SHOULD HAVE BEEN WATCHING FOR.

>> IN THE AFTER MATH ALL THOSE WARNING SIGNS BECOME CRYSTAL CLEAR. SIGHT IS 20/20. THEY'RE REALLY NOT RED FLAGS BUT YELLOW FLAGS AND ONLY TURN RED ONCE THE BLOOD HAS SPILLED UPON THEM. THERE'S A VERY LARGE POOL OF INDIVIDUALS IN THIS COUNTRY, THOUSANDS UPON THOUSANDS WHO ARE FRUSTRATED AND ANGRY AND DISAPPOINTED, WHO BLAME OTHER PEOPLE FOR THEIR PROBLEMS, WHO ARE SOCIALLY ISOLATED AND DON'T HAVE LOTS OF FRIENDS NEARBY OR FAMILY NEARBY TO HELP THEM GET THROUGH THE HARD TIMES AND HAVE ACCESS TO GUNS. THE GOOD NEWS I GUESS IS THAT VERY, VERY FEW OF THEM WILL EVER TAKE ACTION. WE REALLY HAVE NO WAY TO PREDICT. THE CHARACTERISTICS ARE VERY PREDICTABLE BUT THE IDENTITY OF THESE PERPETRATORS ARE NOT UNTIL AFTER THE FACT. LET ME ADD ONE OTHER THING.

>> Ifill: UM-HUM. DAVE CULL LIEN EXPLAINED VERY WELL, YOUNGER SHOOTERS, THE SCHOOL SHOOTERS AND EVEN THE ALLEGED GUNMEN IN COLORADO, BEING 24, ARE VERY DIFFERENT THAN ACTUALLY THE TYPICAL MASS MURDERER WHO IS OLDER. MASS MURDERERS TEND TO BE ACTUALLY IN THEIR 30s AND 40s. SO THE SCHOOL SHOOTER SHARES CERTAIN CHARACTERISTICS WITH MASS KILLERS GENERALLY BUT NOT... BUT THEY REALLY IN A CERTAIN WAY ARE A LITTLE BIT ATYPICAL OF THE MASS MURDERER WHO IS IS VERY DELIBERATE, WHO HAS A HISTORY OF FRUSTRATION OVER YEARS AND KILLS TO PUNISH OTHERS FOR THE... ALL THE TROUBLES THEY'VE HAD OVER THEIR LIFETIME.

>> Ifill: LET ME ASK YOU BOTH ANOTHER THING THAT TYPICALLY AROSE IN A LOT OF PEOPLE'S CONVERSATIONS RIGHT AFTER THIS HAPPENED A FEW WEEKS AGO IS THAT THIS IS ON THE RISE. THAT IT SEEMS LIKE IT'S ALWAYS HAPPENING. THAT'S WHAT I'M GOING TO ASK YOU BOTH. DAVE CULLEN, STARTING WITH YOU. IS THIS TYPICAL NOW? IS THIS UNIQUE TO THE UNITED STATES? IS THIS SOMETHING THAT WE SHOULD WORRY ABOUT IN THAT CONTEXT?

>> NOT UNIQUE TO THE UNITED STATES. WE'VE HAD, YOU KNOW, HORRIFIC CASES RECENTLY IN GERMANY, IN NORWAY AND SEVERAL DIFFERENT COUNTRIES. IT IS MORE PREVALENT HERE. THE PROFESSOR PROBABLY HAS BETTER DATA THAN I DO ON WHETHER THESE ARE ON THE RISE OR NOT. I'VE SEEN A LOT OF CONFLICTING INFORMATION ON THAT.

>> Ifill: WHAT ABOUT THAT, PROFESSOR?

>> THEY'RE NOT ON THE RISE. WE HAVE HAD IN THIS COUNTRY ABOUT TWO DOZEN MASS MURDERS EACH YEAR. MOST OF THEM AREN'T TO THIS EXTREME. WE DO HAVE EVERY YEAR ABOUT TWO DOZEN HOMICIDES WITH FOUR OR MORE VICTIMS KILLED. IT HASN'T CHANGED OVER THE PAST 35 YEARS. I HAVE DATA WITTER ON ALL OF THESE CASES. THERE ARE TIMES WHEN WE SEE FLURRIES OF CASES. IN THE '80s WE HAD THE POSTAL SHOOTINGS. IN THE '90s, THE SCHOOL SHOOTINGS. THE RESTAURANT SHOOTINGS, THE SHOOTINGS AT HEALTH CLUBS. NO PATTERN UP OR DOWN. I AGREE THAT WE IN THE UNITED STATES HAVE FAR MORE THAN OTHER COUNTRIES. WE DON'T HAVE A MONOPOLY ON MASS MURDER BUT WE CERTAINLY HAVE CORNERED THE MARKET. THEN AGAIN OUR HOMICIDE RATE IS MUCH HIGH ERAS WELL. PART OF IT IS JUST SYMPTOMATIC OF THE VIOLENCE IN OUR SOCIETY GENERALLY.

>> Ifill: FINALLY, I WANT TO ASK YOU, DAVE CULLEN, VERY QUICKLY, ONE OF THE CONCLUSIONS YOU REACHED IN YOUR COLUMBINE INVESTIGATIONS IS THAT NMENT EVERYTHING WE HEARD IN THE FIRST FEW WEEKS TURN OUT NOT TO BE TRUE.

>> YES, IT DID. I MEAN MOST PEOPLE THINK THEY KNOW THE BASICS ABOUT COLUMBINE. WE KNOW THERE WERE THESE TWO LOANER OUTCAST GOTHS WHO WERE PART OF THE TRENCHCOAT MAFIA WHO WERE BULLIED RELEAPTLESSLY BY THE JOCKS AND DID THIS AS A HUGE REVENGE AGAINST THE JOCKS AND TARGETED THE JOCKS. NONE OF THAT IS TRUE. THAT WAS ALL A MYTHOLOGY WHICH BEGAN A SPECULATION IN THE MEDIA BY PEOPLE LIKE US DURING THE FIRST FEW DAYS. AND IT VERY QUICKLY C.I.T. TALLIZED INTO FACTS AND WAS BELIEVED. THAT'S THE DANGER WE NEED TO NOT REPEAT.

>> Ifill: WE HAVE TO BE VERY KAWSHs IN WHAT WE'RE REPORTING AND INTERPRETING IN THE NEXT SEVERAL WEEKS. THANK YOU BOTH VERY MUCH. ON OUR WEBSITE YOU CAN FIND A LINK TO ALL OF THE DENVER POST'S PHOTO GALLERIES RELATED TO THE SHOOTINGS, AS WELL AS OUR OWN ARCHIVE OF COVERAGE ON THIS STORY.

>> Woodruff: STILL TO COME ON THE NEWSHOUR, MITT ROMNEY'S CAMPAIGN FOR THE JEWISH VOTE; HUNDREDS OF THOUSANDS FLEE THE SYRIAN CITY OF ALEPPO; A LEADING THINKER AND POLITICAL FIGURE FROM BRAZIL; AND A SMARTPHONE PATENT FIGHT. BUT FIRST, WITH THE OTHER NEWS OF THE DAY, HERE'S KWAME HOLMAN.

>> Holman: 370 MILLION PEOPLE WERE IN THE DARK FOR HOURS ACROSS NORTHERN INDIA TODAY AFTER A MAJOR POWER GRID CRASHED. THAT'S MORE THAN THE POPULATION OF THE UNITED STATES AND CANADA COMBINED. THE POWER OUTAGE HALTED MASS TRANSIT SYSTEMS, CAUSING MAJOR DELAYS. AND IT LEFT COMMUTERS AND RESIDENTS FURIOUS AND FRUSTRATED. .

>> WE LIVE AGAIN WITHOUT WATER. THEN THERE WERE THE PROBLEM. THE WHOLE SYSTEM... THAT SHOWS HOW VULNERABLE WE ARE. ONE GRID FAILURE AND THE ENTIRE COUNTRY IS AT A STANDSTILL. THIS IS A SYSTEM FAILURE, A SYSTEMIC FAILURE. WE ARE SO VULNERABLE AS A PEOPLE JUST BECAUSE WE ARE ORDINARY PEOPLE.

>> Holman: SMALLER BLACKOUTS OCCUR ALMOST DAILY IN INDIA. THIS ONE WAS THE LARGEST EVER. OFFICIALS BLAMED HIGH DEMAND FOR ELECTRICITY IN A LONG SPELL OF SUMMER HEAT. POWER WAS FULLY RESTORED BY EVENING, ABOUT 15 HOURS AFTER THE OUTAGE STRUCK. NORTH KOREA WAS DRENCHED BY MORE HEAVY RAIN TODAY, WITH MUCH OF THE COUNTRY ALREADY INUNDATED BY FLOODING. LARGE PARTS OF ANJU CITY, NORTH OF THE CAPITAL, WERE UNDER WATER. PEOPLE WERE GETTING AROUND BY BOAT IN WATER-FILLED STREETS. AND THOUSANDS OF ACRES OF FARMLAND WERE COMPLETELY SUBMERGED. THE FLOODS FOLLOW A SEVERE DROUGHT, AND ARE LIKELY TO WORSEN SERIOUS FOOD SHORTAGES IN NORTH KOREA. THE STOCK MARKET PUT ON THE BRAKES TODAY AFTER LAST WEEK'S MAJOR RALLY. THE DOW JONES INDUSTRIAL AVERAGE LOST TWO POINTS TO CLOSE AT 13,073. THE NASDAQ FELL 12 POINTS TO CLOSE AT 2945. AND NOW, WE HAVE SOME OF THE RESULTS FROM DAY THREE OF THE COMPETITION AT THE SUMMER OLYMPICS IN LONDON. TUNE OUT FOR A MOMENT, IF YOU DON'T WANT TO HEAR. IN SWIMMING TODAY, AMERICAN MISSY FRANKLIN WON THE WOMEN'S 100-METER BACKSTROKE. BUT RYAN LOCHTE MISSED OUT ON A MEDAL IN THE MEN'S 200-METER FREESTYLE. FRANCE TOOK THE GOLD. AND CHINA WON ITS SECOND STRAIGHT GOLD IN THE MEN'S TEAM GYMNASTICS. MEANWHILE, OLYMPIC ORGANIZERS STRUGGLED TO FILL SCADS OF EMPTY SEATS, LEFT UNUSED BY SPORTS FEDERATIONS. THEY'RE BEING GIVEN -- FREE-- TO SOLDIERS, TEACHERS AND STUDENTS. WE HAVE THIS REPORT FROM STEVE SCOTT OF INDEPENDENT TELEVISION NEWS.

>> Reporter: YOU SELDOM SEE AN EMPTY SEAT AT WIMBLEDON EVEN WHEN IT'S TO WATCH THE LESS CELEBRATED PLAYERS BUT WHEN ROGER FEDDERRER STROLLS ON TO CENTER COURT, YOU CAN GUARANTEE A FULL HOUSE. WELL, NOT TODAY. NOT AT LONDON 2012. YET IF YOU COME LOOKING FOR A TICKET, YOU'LL BE TURNED AWAY.

>> IT'S REALLY REALLY DISAPPOINTING. I WOULD HAVE HOPED THAT THE ORGANIZERS WOULD HAVE SORTED THIS OUT BY NOW.

>> Reporter: THE PRIME MINISTER WHO RODE THE TUBE TO THE OLYMPIC PARK TODAY TOLD ME THERE WAS NO COMPLACENCY. FILLING THE GAPS WAS A PRIORITY.

>> THERE WILL ALWAYS BE A BIT OF A PROBLEM BECAUSE YOU DO NEED TO LEAVE SOME SEATS AVAILABLE THAT IS FOR THE FAMILIES AND THE PEOPLE FROM THE VARIOUS SPORTING ORGANIZATIONS. YOU'RE NEVER GOING TO HAVE TOTAL PERFECTION. BUT WE CAN DO BETTER.

>> Reporter: IF YOU'RE LOOKING FOR EVIDENCE THAT THE ORGANIZERS ARE GETTING TOP OF THIS PROBLEM PERHAPS THE ARENA THIS MORNING PROVIDES A GOOD EXAMPLE. THE TURKISH WOMEN WERE TAKING ON THE CZECH REPUBLIC IN A PRELIMINARY ROUND HARDLY A BLUE RIBBON EVENT YET THERE WAS BARELY A SPARE SEAT IN THE HOUSE.

>> WE WERE ABLE TO PUT BACK INTO THE POT FOR SALE AROUND,000 TICKETS LAST NIGHT THAT HAVE BEEN SOLD.

>> Reporter: WHERE IT'S NOT POSSIBLE TO WRESTLE BACK SPACE FOR NATIONAL ASSOCIATIONS NOT USING THEIR ALLOCATIONS THE MILITARY ARE OFFERD A BIRD'S EYE VIEW. BUT NO EXPLANATION, HOWEVER RATIONAL, WOULD CUT MUCH ICE WITH THE MILLIONS WHO TRIED AND FAILED TO GET TICKETS ONLINE AND ARE NOW FORCED TO WATCH THE ACTION FROM HOME PLAYED OUT IN FRONT OF HALF-FILLED VENUES.

>> Holman: THOSE ARE SOME OF THE DAY'S MAJOR STORIES. NOW, BACK TO JUDY.

>> Woodruff: AND WE TURN TO THE PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION, WHICH OVER THE PAST SEVERAL DAYS HAS HAD ITS FOCUS SHIFTED BY EVENTS ABROAD.

>> HI, THERE. Woodruff: MITT ROMNEY ARRIVED IN POLAND TODAY FOR THE THIRD LEG OF A TRIP AIMED AT BURNISHING HIS FOREIGN POLICY CREDENTIALS. ON THE AGENDA A MEETING WITH POLISH PRIME MINISTER. HE ALSO SAT DOWN WITH FORMER PRESIDENT LECH WALESA BUT MUCH OF THE VOAK US REMAINED O KNEE'S WEEKEND VISIT TO ISRAEL. ON SUNDAY HE ENDORSED THE ISRAELI GOVERNMENT'S VIEW THAT IRAN MUST NOT BE ALLOWED TO GO NUCLEAR.

>> WE SHOULD EMPLOY ANY AND ALL MEASURES TO DISSUADE THE IRANIAN REGIME FROM ITS NUCLEAR COURSE. AND IT IS OUR FERVENT HOPE THAT DIPLOMATIC AND ECONOMIC MEASURES WILL DO SO. IN THE FINAL ANALYSIS, NO OION SHOULD BE EXCLUDED. WE RECOGNIZE ISRAEL'S RIGHT TO DEFEND ITSELF. AND THAT IT IS RIGHT FOR AMERICA TO STAND WITH YOU. ( APPLAUSE )

>> Woodruff: TODAY ROMNEY CAUSED A STIR WHEN HE NOTED ISRAEL IS FAR AHEAD OF THE PALESTINIANS ECONOMICALLY. HE CITED A SIMILAR DISPARITY BETWEEN THE U.S. AND MEXICO. AND HE SAID, CULTURE MAKES ALL THE DIFFERENCE. THE PALESTINIANS DENOUNCED THE REMARK AS RACIST. A SENIOR AIDE TO PALESTINIAN PRESIDENT ABBAS

>> PALESTINIANS AND ISRAELIS MAY BE IN CONFLICT BUT PALESTINIANS AND ISRAELIS ARE PEOPLE, EQUAL. SUCH RACIST STATEMENTS DOES NOT SERVE THOSE WHO ARE TRYING TO PROTECT AND SAVE LIVES IN THIS REGION. THOSE WHO ARE TRYING TO MAINTAIN DEMOCRACY, HUMAN RIGHTS, WOMEN'S RIGHTS ARE NOT SERVED BY SUCH STATEMENTS.

>> Woodruff: LATER A ROMNEY AIDE REJECTED THE CRITICISM. SHE SAID HIS COMMENTS WERE SO WHAT IMPACT WILL MITT ROMNEY'S TRIP TO ISRAEL HAVE ON JEWISH VOTERS IN THE UNITED STATES? FOR THAT WE GET TWO VIEWS. GROSSLY MISCHARACTERIZED. THE PALESTINIANS ALSO COMPLAINED ABOUT ROMNEY'S STATEMENT SUNDAY THAT JERUSALEM IS THE CAPITAL OF ISRAEL. THE PALESTINIANS CLAIM EAST JERUSALEM AS THEIR CAPITAL. IN WASHINGTON TODAY, WHITE HOUSE SPOKESMAN JOSH EARNEST SAID THE ISSUE SHOULD BE LEFT TO FINAL STATUS NEGOTIATIONS

>> I'D REMIND YOU THAT THAT'S A POSITION THAT'S BEEN HELD BY PREVIOUS ADMINISTRATIONS BOTH DEMOCRATIC AND REPUBLICAN. SO, YOU KNOW, IF MR. ROMNEY DISAGREES WITH THAT POSITION HE'S ALSO DISAGREEING WITH THE POSITION TAKEN BY PRESIDENTS LIKE BILL CLINTON AND RONALD REAGAN.

>> Woodruff: DURING HIS MIDDLE EAST VISIT ROMNEY DID SPEAK WITH THE PALESTINIAN PRIME MINISTER. BUT NOT WITH PRESIDENT ABBAS. AND HE CONFERRED WITH ISRAELI PRIME MINISTER BENJAMIN NETANYAHU. THE TWO HAVE BEEN FRIENDS SINCE WORKING TOGETHER AS BUSINESS CONSULTANTS IN THE 1970s. THE 36-HOUR STOP IN ISRAEL WAS DESIGNED TO HELP ROMNEY BROADEN HIS SUPPORT WITH JEWISH-AMERICAN VOTERS. A GALLUP POLL RELEASED LAST MONTH FOUND PRESIDENT OBAMA LEADING 64 TO 29% IN THAT PART OF THE ELECTORATE. THAT WAS DOWN FROM MR. OBAMA'S 78 TO 21% ADVANTAGE OVER JOHN McCAIN IN THE 2008 ELECTION.

>> I THINK WE GOT TO REALLY... Woodruff: THE SLIDE IN THE PRESIDENT'S JEWISH SUPPORT SURFACED DURING A RECENT REPORTING TRIP BY THE NEWSHOUR TO SOUTH FLORIDA.

>> WELL, I THOUGHT HE WOULD BE GOOD FOR THE PEOPLE ESPECIALLY THE OLDER PEOPLE. I THOUGHT HE'D BE GOOD FOR MEDICARE. AND I THOUGHT HE'D VISIT ISRAEL BUT HE HASN'T IN THE YEARS THAT HE'S BEEN IN OFFICE. THAT BOTHERS ME.

>> Woodruff: ROMNEY'S EFFORT TO BOOST HIS STANDING WITH JEWISH VOTERS WILL BE HELPED BY OUTSIDE GROUPS. ONE CALLED THE EMERGENCY COMMITTEE FOR ISRAEL HAS BEEN PAYING FOR TV ADS CRITICIZING THE PRESIDENT.

>> HE'S TRAVELED ALL OVER THE MIDDLE EAST. YET HE HASN'T FOUND TIME TO VISIT OUR ALLY AND FRIEND ISRAEL.

>> Woodruff: AND BILLIONAIRE CASINO MAGNATE SHELDON ADDALSON WHO TOURED ISRAEL WITH ROMNEY IS PART OF THE REPUBLICAN-JEWISH COALITION THAT HAS COMMITTED $6.5 MILLION FOR ITS OWN AD CAMPAIGN. SO WHAT IMPACT WILL MITT ROMNEY'S TRIP TO ISRAEL HAVE ON JEWISH VOTERS IN THE UNITED STATES? FOR THAT WE GET TWO VIEWS. JEREMY BEN-AMI IS THE FOUNDER AND PRESIDENT OF J STREET, A NONPROFIT LOBBYING GROUP WITH ITS OWN POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE. AND NOAH POLLAK IS THE EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR OF THE EMERGENCY COMMITTEE FOR ISRAEL, A POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE THAT IS RUNNING THAT TELEVISION SPOT WE JUST SHOWED YOU. JEREMY BEN-AMI, HOW WOULD YOU OVERALL SIZE UP GOVERNOR ROMNEY'S TRIP TO ISRAEL?

>> I'M SURE HE GOT A FEW VERY USEFUL PHOTO OPS FOR COMMERCIALS DOWN THE ROAD. BUT IN TERMS OF SUBSTANCE OF THE TRIP I DON'T THINK THERE WAS MUCH THAT HE'S GOING TO BE ABLE TO WRITE HOME ABOUT. I THINK THE FLAK THAT HAS BEGUN OVER HIS REMARKS ABOUT THE CULTURAL DIFFERENCES BETWEEN ISRAELIS AND PALESTINIANS IS SOMETHING THEY'RE GOING TO HAVE TO CLEAN UP FOR A LITTLE WHILE. CERTAINLY SOME OF THE PROMISES MADE THAT CAN'T BE KEPT WHEN AND IF HE WERE TO BECOME PRESIDENT REGARDING LET'S SAY THE MOVEMENT OF THE EMBASSY OR OTHER SUCH MATTERS ARE CERTAINLY HOLES HE'S GOING TO HAVE TO DIG OUT OF

>> Woodruff: WHAT ABOUT HIS STATEMENT, NOAH POLLACK, ABOUT JERUSALEM BEING THE CAPITAL OF ISRAEL. IS THAT SOMETHING HE WOULD HAVE TO WALK BACK AS PRESIDENT?

>> I THINK THE EXTENT TO WHICH HE HAS REALLY DUG IN ON THAT AND MADE THAT A REAL POINT OF CONTRAST WITH PRESIDENT OBAMA IS SOMETHING THAT WILL PROBABLY CARRY THROUGH IF HE WINS. BECAUSE IT IS SUCH A POINT OF GREAT CONTRAST. THE TRIP IN GENERAL WAS REALLY ONE THAT I DISAGREE WITH MY FRIEND JEREMY. IT WAS ONE THAT I THOUGHT REVEALED REAL CONTRASTS BETWEEN WHEN A PRESIDENT ROMNEY WOULD DO AND HOW THE OBAMA ADMINISTRATION HAS DEALT WITH ISRAEL OVER THE PAST FEW YEARS. THE OBAMA CAMPAIGN CHALLENGED ROMNEY TO SHOW THESE POINTS OF DIFFERENCE BEFORE HIS TRIP. I THINK HE DID ON IRAN, ON THE ISSUE OF JERUSALEM AND SEVERAL OTHER THINGS

>> Woodruff: WHY DO YOU BELIEVE, JEREMY BEEN AME THAT THE JERUSALEM STATEMENT IS NOT SOMETHING HE COULD CARRY OUT AS PRESIDENT IF ELECTED

>> THAT IS ONE OF THE MOST SENSITIVE ISSUES IN ALL OF MIDDLE EAST DIPLOMACY. AND ALL ADMINISTRATIONS, REPUBLICAN AND DEMOCRAT, WHETHER IT'S RONALD REAGAN OR GEORGE BUSH OR BILL CLINTON AND BARACK OBAMA, HAVE SAID WHAT THIS WHITE HOUSE SAID AND WHICH YOU SHOWED IN THE SEGMENT LEADING UP WHICH IS THAT THAT IS ULTIMATELY AN ESHOO FOR FINAL STATUS NEGOTIATIONS BETWEEN THE PARTIES

>> Woodruff: GIVEN THAT, WHY DO YOU BELIEVE THAT IT'S SOMETHING HE CAN STICK TO?

>> BECAUSE THERE'S A VERY EASY WAY OUT OF THIS. WHICH IS THAT JERUSALEM, THE CAPITAL OF ISRAEL, IS IN JERUSALEM. THE PALESTINIAN CAPITAL IS NOT IN JERUSALEM. AND THE VARIOUS BUILDINGS AND INSTITUTIONS THAT MAKE UP ISRAEL'S CAPITAL LIKE THE PRIME MINISTER'S OFFICE AND THE FOREIGN MINISTRY ARE ALL IN WESTERN JERUSALEM WHICH WAS PART OF ISRAEL EVEN BEFORE 1967. IT WOULD BE VERY EASY ACTUALLY FOR A NEW ADMINISTRATION TO MAKE A POLICY CHANGE ON THAT.

>> Woodruff: HOW DO YOU RESPOND? I THINK IT WOULD BE VERY EASY TO DO THAT. THAT WOULD OF COURSE THEN BLOW UP THE POSSIBILITY OF THE UNITED STATES PLAYING A USEFUL LEADERSHIP ROLE IN RESOLVING THE CONFLICT AS MEDIATOR BETWEEN THE SIDES WHICH IS THE ROLE THAT WE NEED. IN ORDER TO BE PRO ISRAEL AATE OF THE UNITED STATES NEEDS TO HELP TO FACILITATE A TWO-STATE SOLUTION OF THE CONFLICT PREJUDGING THE OUTCOME ON ONE OF THE CRITICAL ISSUES IS NOT HELPFUL

>> Woodruff: NOAH POLLACK, WHAT ABOUT THE OTHER STATEMENT THAT GOT A LOT OF ATTENTION. GOVERNOR ROMNEY SAYING THAT THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE ISRAELIS' ECONOMIC SUCCESS WAS DUE TO THEIR CULTURE AND THE PALESTINIANS HAVE TAKEN GREAT OFFENSE TO THAT

>> ROMNEY ACTUALLY UNDERSTATED THE DIFFERENCE. ROMNEY WAS RIGHT. WHEN YASSER ARAFAT DIED A FEW YEARS AGO IT WAS DISCOVERED HE HAD HUNDREDS OF MILLIONS OF DOLLARS IN MONEY THAT HE SIPHONED OFF. THE PALESTINIAN ECONOMY IS LARGELY BASED ON WESTERN AID, HAS ENDEMIC CORRUPTION PROBLEMS. HE WAS RIGHT.

>> Woodruff: WHY WOULD THAT BE A PROBLEM?

>> I THINK IT SORT OF TURNS A BLIND EYE TO THE CRITICAL FACT THAT THE PALESTINIANS ARE UNDER ISRAELI OCCUPATION WHICH IS A SLIGHT BARRIER TO ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT. THERE'S NO FREE MOVEMENT OF GOODS. THERE'S NO FREE ECONOMY AS LONG AS...

>> Woodruff: YOU MEAN A SERIOUS BARRIER

>> A VERY SERIOUS BARRIER. TO UNDERESTIMATE THAT AND PUT THE DIFFERENCE DOWN TO CULTURE IS REALLY SHOWING A LACK OF SENSITIVITY TO THE ENTIRE HISTORY OF THIS CONFLICT IN THIS REGION

>> IT ALSO HAPPENS TO BE TRUE THOUGH. THE REALITY IS THAT AFTER 1967, AFTER ISRAEL SEIZED THOSE TERRITORIES ON THE WEST BANK THERE WAS ACTUALLY AN ECONOMIC BOOM IN THOSE TERRITORIES BECAUSE THE PALESTINIAN ECONOMY BECAME MORE CLOSELY INTEGRATED WITH THE ISRAELI ECONOMY. IF YOU LOOK AT THE NUMBERS FROM THE LATE '60s, '70s AND '80s, THERE WAS DOUBLE DIGIT G.D.P. GROWTH. THERE WAS DRAMATIC IMPROVEMENT IN ALL SORTS OF MEASURES OF PALESTINIAN QUALITY OF LIFE BECAUSE THEY BECAME CLOSER TO ISRAEL ON A NUMBER OF THESE. JUST AS A SIMPLE MATTER OF ECONOMICS IT'S PRETTY DIFFICULT TO REFUTE THE FACT THAT THE OCCUPATION, IF YOU WANT TO CALL IT THAT, OF THE WEST BANK AND GAZA HAS ACTUALLY BEEN GOOD FOR THE PALESTINIAN ECONOMY

>> WELL, I WOULD CHALLENGE NOAH TO FIND ONE PALESTINIAN, ONE ANYWHERE IN THE WORLD -- WHETHER ON THE WEST BANK IN GAZA OR ANYWHERE -- WHO WOULD SAY THAT THE OCCUPATION HAS BEEN GOOD FOR THE PALESTINIAN PEOPLE OR THE PALESTINIAN ECONOMY. I DON'T THINK THEY VIEW IT THAT WAY. I DON'T THINK THAT THE ARAB WORLD VIEWS IT THAT WAY. THE REST OF THE WORLD OR MOST OBJECTIVE HUMAN BEINGS WOULD VIEW IT

>> Woodruff: JEREMY BEN-AMI WHAT ABOUT THE COMMENT FROM A JEWISH VOTER IN SOUTH FLORIDA WHO SAID SHE WAS DISAPPOINTD THAT PRESIDENT OBAMA HAD NOT VISITED ISRAEL DURING HIS PRESIDENCY

>> AGAIN YOU HAVE TO LOOK AT THE ACTUAL RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE UNITED STATES AND ISRAEL UNDER THIS PRESIDENT RATHER THAN SYMBOLIC GESTURES LIKE A VISIT. JUST TODAY DEFENSE MINISTER EHUD BARACK SAID THAT THE SECURITY RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE UNITED STATES AND ISRAEL IS TIGHTER AND CLOSER TODAY THAN IT'S EVER BEEN UNDER ANY U.S. ADMINISTRATION. IT'S REALLY ACTIONS THAT SPEAK LOUDER THAN TRAVEL.

>> Woodruff: WHAT ABOUT THAT COMMENT?

>> I THOUGHT I GREATLY SYMPATHIZED WITH THE SENTIMENT SHE EXPRESSED. NO RELATION BY THE WAY. THE FACT OF THE MATTER IS THAT THERE'S A REASON WHY OBAMA DIDN'T DO YOU BELIEVE THE JEWISH VOTE WILL BE IN THE OUTCOME OF THIS ELECTION? YOU MENTIONED FLORIDA

>> YOU COULD IMAGINE A SCENARIO IN WHICH FLORIDA CAME DOWN LIKE IT DID IN THE YEAR 2000 WHEN, YOU KNOW, IT WAS DECIDED BY A FEW HUNDRED OR A FEW THOUSAND VOTES AND THAT, YOU KNOW, YOU COULD IMAGINE AFTER THE ELECTION PEOPLE PARSING ALL THE NUMBERS AND DETERMINING THAT OBAMA'S DECLINE IN SUPPORT AMONG THE JEWISH VOTE COST HIM FLORIDA WHICH COST HIM THE ELECTION. THAT'S PROBABLY NOT GOING TO HAPPEN

>> THE ONLY PROBLEM THAT THE PRESIDENT HAS WITH THE JEWISH VOTE IS THAT THERE AREN'T MORE JEWS. WHEN YOU GET 70% OF THE VOTE IN ONE PARTICULAR CONSTITUENCY, THE ONLY THING YOU WANT IS MORE VOTES

>> Woodruff: WE HEAR YOU. GENTLEMEN, WE THANK YOU BOTH FOR BEING WE'RE. JEREMY BEN-AMI, NOAH POLLACK, THANK YOU.

>> THANK YOU.

>> Woodruff: AND ON OUR WEB SITE, WE WILL HAVE MORE ON THE JEWISH VOTE AND ROMNEY'S INTERNATIONAL JOURNEY IN TOMORROW'S MORNING LINE.

>> Ifill: NOW TO SYRIA, WITH TWO REPORTS FROM INSIDE ALEPPO, AS THE NATION'S LARGEST CITY ENDURES ITS TENTH DAY OF FIERCE BATTLE BETWEEN GOVERNMENT TROOPS AND REBELS. THE FIGHTING THERE HAS CENTERED IN THE SOUTHWESTERN NEIGHBORHOOD OF SALA-HEDDINE. THE UNITED NATIONS REPORTS THAT TWO HUNDRED THOUSAND OF THE CITY'S 2.5 MILLION RESIDENTS HAVE ALREADY FLED. WE BEGIN WITH JOHN RAY OF INDEPENDENT TELEVISION NEWS. Reporter: THE BATTLE FOR THESE STREETS COULD YET DECIDE FATE OF ALL SYRIA. SO REBELS FIGHT HARD TO OBTAIN A FOOTHOLD AT THE HEART OF THE CITY. WHILE STATE TV SHOWS ASSAD'S SOLDIERS HUNTING THEM DOWN. IF IT LOOKS SLIGHTLY STAGED, WE'VE WITNESSED THE AWESOME REALITY OF THE REGIME'S FIRE POWER. ON THE OUTSKIRTS OF ALEPPO WE COME UNDER A BARRAGE OF ROCKET ATTACKS. IT WILL LAST SEVERAL HOURS. ATE AT DAWN, THICK SMOKE FILLS THE AIR. AND TERRIFIED, THE FEW REMAINING RESIDENTS ARE PACKING UP TO LEAVE, JOINING AN EXODUS THE U.N. SAYS IS 200,000 STRONG. THE STREETS AROUND ME HERE ARE NOW ALMOST ENTIRELY DESERTED EXCEPT FOR A FEW FREE SYRIAN ARMY FIGHTERS. A SUBURB OF 30,000 PEOPLE THAT HAS EMPTIED OUT AS THE FIGHTING HAS INTENSIFIED IN THE CITY BELOW. ABOUT A KILOMETER FROM HERE DUG IN A DETACHMENT OF SYRIAN ARMY TANKS. TODAY A FIERCE FIRE FIGHT TO THE CHECK POINT OF THE NORTH OF THE CITY. REBELS CLAIMED VICTORY HERE, LOOTING WEAPONS AND AMMUNITION, CELEBRATING ON TOP OF THE CAPTURED TANK. THE REGIME CANNOT AFFORD TO LOSE ALEPPO. IT SAYS IT'S PURGING SYRIA'S SECOND CITY OF TERRORISTS. SOME HAVE DISPUTED ONLY ONE CERTAINTY: MORE BLOODSHED AND MORE NAMES TO CARVE ON GRAVE ONES. THE STONE MASON HAS ALREADY RUN FOR HIS LIFE.

>> Woodruff: AND TO A SECOND REPORT FROM ALEPPO. MARGARET WARNER SPOKE TO JAMES FOLEY FROM OUR PARTNER, GLOBAL POST. THEY TALKED VIA SKYPE EARLIER TODAY.

>> Warner: JAMES FOLEY, THANKS FOR SPEAKING WITH US. SO WHAT'S THE STATE OF THE CONFLICT RIGHT NOW BETWEEN THE REBELS AND THE GOVERNMENT FORCES NOW MOUNTING THIS ASSAULT?

>> WE HEAR A LOT ABOUT THE BATTLE FOR ALEPPO BEING ONE OF THE CRITICAL BATTLES. IT SEEMS LIKE THE SYRIAN ARMY IS TRYING TO REALLY DEMORALIZE THE REBELS BY ENDING SYRIAN FIGHTER JETS. WE SAW THE FIGHTER JETS YESTERDAY SWOOPING DOWN, FIRING ROCKETS FOLLOWED BY HELICOPTERS FOR A WHILE NOW. SO THIS IS A TERRIFYING THING. THEY ALSO MADE... A LOT SPECULATE THAT THE REAL BATTLE HASN'T STARTED, THEY'RE JUST TESTING THE AREA. IT WOULD SEEM IF ASSAD LOSES ALEPPO, SURELY THERE IS A HUGE BLOW FOR HIM AND HE WOULD NOT... ALEPPO BEING THE INDUSTRIAL CAPITAL

>> Warner: ASSAD USED TO ENJOY SUPPORT FROM THE BUSINESS COMMUNITY IN ALEPPO. WHAT CAN YOU TELL ABOUT HOW THE POPULATION FEELS NOW? WHERE THEIR SYMPATHIES LIE?

>> WE WERE HERE WEEKS BEFORE FIGHTING BROKE OUT. IT WAS VERY INTERESTING BECAUSE THERE'S WEALTHIEST NEIGHBORHOODS IN ALEPPO THAT LOOK LIKE AMMAN OR BEIRUT, UNTOUCHED BY FIGHTING, WEALTHIER SHOPS AND OF COURSE VERY NICE HOMES. THE QUESTION IS, HAVE THESE PEOPLE FLED TO LEBANON? HAVE THEY FLED TO TURKEY? OR ARE THEY JUST STAYING IN THEIR HOUSES FOR NOW TO SEE WHAT HAPPENS? THERE'S STILL POWER IN THESE PARTS OF THE CITY. THEY'RE NOT BEING SHELLED. THERE'S STILL ARMY POSITIONS. THE PLACES THAT ARE SHELLED, AS I SAID, ARE BEGINNING TO LOOK LIKE THE WORST WAR ZONE IN SYRIA NOW.

>> Warner: JAMES FOLEY, THANKS SO MUCH FOR DOING THIS AND STAY SAFE

>> THANKS. I APPRECIATE YOU GUYS.

>> Ifill: THERE WAS ANOTHER HIGH-LEVEL DEFECTION FROM THE SYRIAN GOVERNMENT TODAY. THE TOP DIPLOMAT IN LONDON SAID HE WOULD NO LONGER REPRESENT THE ASSAD REGIME.

>> Woodruff: NEXT, CHARTING THE RISE OF BRAZIL AS A NEW AND GROWING POWER ON THE GLOBAL STAGE. JEFFREY BROWN PROFILES ONE OF THE MEN WHO HELPED BUILD IT.

>> Brown: BRAZIL IS STILL A SOCCER POWER. AND, YES, IT'S STILL FAMOUS FOR ITS MUSIC AND CARNIVAL. BUT TODAY BRAZIL IS SOMETHING MUCH MORE. A NATION OF 200 MILLION, IT'S NOW THE WORLD'S SIXTH LARGEST ECONOMY, AN ENERGY GIANT WITH A BOOMING MANUFACTURING SECTOR AND GROWING MIDDLE CLASS. IN SHORT AN ECONOMIC AND DEMOCRATIC POWER VERY MUCH ON THE RISE. AND SIDED NOT THE NATION FERNANDO ENRIQUE CARDOZA WAS BORN INTO

>> WHEN I WAS BORN IN 1931 BRAZIL... BRAZIL WAS QUITE APART FROM THE WORLD. IT WAS QUITIZE LATED FROM THE, THE PERIPHERY. Brown: CARDOZA, NOW 81, WOULD BECOME ONE OF THE CHIEF ARCHITECTS OF BRAZ I'S RISE AS BOTH AS A SCHOLAR, HE WAS FIRST A LEADING THINKER ON ISSUES OF RACE AND DEVELOPMENT AND AS AUTHOR WHO HAS COWRITTEN MORE THAN 30 BOOKS AND THEN AS A POLITICAL FIGURE SERVING AS THE COUNTRY'S FINANCE MINISTER AND THEN AS PRESIDENT FOR TWO TERMS FROM 1995 TO 2002. HE OVERSAW THE ELIMINATION OF RUN-AWAY INFLATION, OPENED UP MARKETS AND INSTITUTED SOCIAL PROGRAMS THAT HELPED LAUNCH THE COUNTRY ON ITS PRESENT PATH.

>> WHY SHOULD WE BE TO BE AS STAGNANT AS AN UNDERDEVELOPED COUNTRY. I THINK THIS IS NOT REALISTIC. YOU HAVE TO IMPLEMENT A BETTER ECONOMY AND TO MOVE UP THE PRESENT ECONOMY AND TO BECOME MUCH MORE PART OF THE GLOBAL SYSTEM

>> FERNANDO ENRIQUE CARDOZA Brown: IT WAS THIS RARE COMBINATION, THAT THE U.S. LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CITED RECENTLY IN AWARDING CARDOZA THE PRESTIGIOUS PRIZE WHICH THE LIBRARY LIKENS TO A NOBEL FOR THE HUMANITIES AND SOCIAL SCIENCES. CORE DOZE A SAID HE STARTED OUT AS A YOUNG SOCIOLOGIST IN THE 1960s WITH AMBITIOUS GOALS

>> I WOULD LIKE TO CHANGE THE WORLD OR IF NOT THE WORLD AT LEAST TO IMPROVE THE BRAZILLIAN SITUATION

>> Brown: HIS EARLY RESEARCH HELPED EXPLODE MYTHS ON A SUBJECT AS THORNY IN BRAZIL AS IT IN THE U.S RACE

>> THE IDEA WAS OFFICIALLY THAT BRAZIL COULD BE QUALIFIED AS A RACIAL DEMOCRACY. WELL, THERE IS RACIAL PREJUDICE. WE NEVER HAD BY LAW SEGREGATION. BUT BRAZIL IS TEN MORE TIMES MORE RACE THAN AMERICA. WE HAVE AN ENORMOUS POPULATION OF BLACK PEOPLE. BUT THED IDEA OF DEMOCRACY, RACIAL DEMOCRACY, WAS A MYTH BUT AN ASPIRATION. WE HAVE A MORE DEMOCRATIC KIND OF RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN BLACKS AND WHITES. STEP BY STEP WE ARE BUILDING UP A MORE OPEN SOCIETY, A MORE FLEXIBLE AND MORE... ALSO MORE DEMOCRATIC WITH RESPECT TO RACE RELATIONS.

>> Brown: THE OTHER PART SCHOLARSHIP THAT GAIND YOU SO MUCH WAS CHALLENGING THIS IDEA THAT BRAZIL WOULD ALWAYS BE A DEPENDENT NATION, WOULD ALWAYS BE ON THE OUTSIDE. WHAT DID YOU SEE THAT MADE YOU WANT TO CHALLENGE THAT IDEA?

>> TO ME IT WAS CLEAR THAT THERE WAS AN ENORMOUS DIFFERENCE. BRAZIL OR ARGENTINA OR MEXICO, WE'RE ALREADY... GLOBAL MARKETS. YOU SEE, I HAD NO IDEA. THIS WAS IN THE '60s. I HAD NO IDEA OF WHAT WAS REALLY OCCURRING, THE GLOBALIZATION PROCESS.

>> Brown: THE ISSUE IS HOW DOES A COUNTRY LIKE BRAZIL FIND ITS WAY IN THIS GLOBALIZING MARKET?

>> THAT'S RIGHT. THAT WAS THE MAIN QUESTION. HOW TO KEEP GROWING DEMOCRACY, MORE FREEDOM, PEOPLE TO ORGANIZE AND ALSO TO RESPECT CONTRACTS, TO INCREASE INVESTMENT, TO HAVE GOOD GOVERNANCE

>> Brown: BRAZIL'S LACK OF DEMOCRACY, IN FACT, LED TO THE TURNING POINT IN CARDOZA'S LIFE. MILITARY DICTATORSHIPS FORCED HIM FIRST INTO EXILE AND THEN RETURNING TO BRAZIL TO LOSE HIS ACADEMIC POSITION. BY THE 1970s, HE HAD GROWN MORE POLITICALLY ACTIVE, EVENTUALLY BECOMING WHAT HE LIKES TO TERM AN ACCIDENTAL PRESIDENT. CARDOZA LEFT THE PRESIDENCY IN 2002, PREVENTED BY LAW FROM SEEKING A THIRD TERM. VICTORY BY SILL VIRGINIA MARKED AN IMPORTANT MOMENT FOR BRAZILLIAN DEMOCRACY. THE FIRST TIME IN MORE THAN 40 YEARS THAT ONE ELECTED CIVILIAN PRESIDENT PASSED POWER TO ANOTHER. THE LEADING RIVAL AND MORE LEFTIST PART KEPT MANY OF CARDOZA'S POLICIES AND REFORMS IN PLACE. TODAY CARDOZA SEES CONTINUING CHALLENGES AND PROBLEMS FOR COUNTRY BUT ALSO MUCH PROGRESS

>> IF I LOOK BACK WHEN I REMEMBER I WAS A CHILD IN RIO, I WAS ON A BEACH WITH ALL THE HILLS IN RIO, BUT ALSO A VERY BACKWARD COUNTRY. NOW I CAN SEE A MUCH MORE DYNAMIC SOCIETY IN BRAZIL. NOW WE HAVE DEMOCRACY. NOW WE HAVE PEOPLE ASKING FOR ME. NOW WE HAVE THE FREE PRESS. NOW WE HAVE UNIVERSITIES. NOW WE HAVE... MY GOD. IT WAS AN ENORMOUS PROGRESS

>> Brown: FER NAFNED OWEN WREAK CARDOZA, THANK YOU FOR TALKING WITH US

>> THANK YOU. Woodruff: ANOTHER SYMBOL OF BRAZIL'S PROGRESS, IT IS SCHEDULED TO HOST THE SOCCER WORLD CUP IN 2014 AND THE SUMMER OLYMPICS IN 2016.

>> Ifill: FINALLY TONIGHT, A PAIR OF MAJOR TECH COMPANIES SQUARE OFF IN FEDERAL COURT OVER THE BIG STAKES SURROUNDING SMALL DEVICES. RAY SUAREZ HAS THE STORY.

>> Suarez: THE TRIAL THAT BEGAN TODAY IN CALIFORNIA IS OSTENSIBLY ABOUT PATENTS RELATED TO SOFTWARE. BUT APPLE AND SAMSUNG ARE LOCKED IN A MUCH-BIGGER SHOWDOWN OVER DOMINANCE IN A $200 BILLION-PLUS MARKET. APPLE CLAIMS SAMSUNG HAS ILLEGALLY COPIED AN OPERATING SYSTEM IT SAYS IT PIONEERED IN iPHONES AND iPADS. IT'S SEEKING $2.5 BILLION IN DAMAGES. SAMSUNG COUNTERS THAT-- IF ANYTHING-- APPLE HAS COPIED KEY PARTS OF THE iPHONE FROM MOBILE PHONES OF THE PAST. ALSO IMPLICATED IN THE FIGHT IS ANOTHER TECH GIANT. APPLE IS UPSET OVER THE GOOGLE ANDROID PHONE OPERATING SYSTEM USED BY SAMSUNG AND OTHER MANUFACTURERS. BEFORE HE DIED LAST YEAR, APPLE FOUNDER STEVE JOBS TOLD HIS BIOGRAPHER: "I WILL SPEND EVERY PENNY OF APPLE'S $40 BILLION IN THE BANK TO RIGHT THIS WRONG. I'M GOING TO DESTROY ANDROID. I'M WILLING TO GO THERMONUCLEAR WAR ON THIS." LAURA SYDELL IS COVERING THIS STORY FOR NPR, AND JOINS ME NOW. WHAT IS IT EXACTLY THAT APPLE SAYS SAMSUNG DID, LAURA? A COPY? A THEFT? A LIFT? WHAT DO THEY SAY HAPPENED?

>> WELL, IT COMES DOWN TO A FEW PATENTS ACTUALLY. SO, FOR EXAMPLE, IF YOU LOOK AT THE SHAPE OF THE I-PHONE WHICH WE'RE ALL FAMILIAR WITH NOW. YOU HAVE THE NICE GLASS FACE. YOU HAVE THIS RECTANGULAR SHAPE WITH ROUNDED CORNERS. APPLE SAYS THEY PATENTED THAT DESIGN. AND THAT IF YOU LOOK AT SAMSUNG PHONES BEFORE THE I-PHONE CAME OUT IN 2007, THEY HAD KEYBOARDS. THEY HAD SHARP SQUARE EDGES AND THAT AS SOON AS THE I-PHONE CAME OUT, THEY CHANGED THE DESIGN. SO THEY WERE COPYING APPLE. NOW SAMSUNG IS COUNTERING THAT, IN FACT, THEY DID MAKE PHONES LIKE THAT. THEY JUST WEREN'T AS POPULAR. WHILE APPLE CAN SHOW YOU PATENTS THAT IT HAS FOR THESE SORTS OF THINGS, THE PATENT OFFICE ACTUALLY ISN'T ALWAYS RIGHT. SOMETIMES THEY GRANT PATENTS THAT THEY SHOULDN'T HAVE GRANTED. I THINK YOU'RE GOING TO SEE SAMSUNG MAKING THAT CASE IN COURT OVER THE NEXT MONTH.

>> Suarez: EACH COMPANY IS DEMANDING BILLIONS OF DOLLARS FROM THE OTHER. WHERE DOES THAT RANK IN PATENT CASES, IN SPATS BETWEEN COMPANIES OVER PRODUCTS?

>> APPLE WANTS OVER $2.5 BILLION IN DAMAGES. THEY SAY THAT SAMSUNG HAS STOLEN SALES FROM THEM. THAT WOULD BE "THE" LARGEST PATENT VERDICT IN HISTORY IF THEY ACTUALLY GOT IT. SO IN TERMS OF PATENT CASES, THIS ONE IS HUGE. THE OTHER THING YOU HAVE TO REALIZE IS THIS IS THE FIRST JURY TRIAL ON THIS. BUT THIS BATTLE HAS GONE ALL OVER THE WORLD. I READ, I THINK IT'S UP TO 50 COUNTRIES THAT THIS HAS GONE INTO WHERE YOU HAVE SAMSUNG AND APPLE GOING AT EACH OTHER OVER THIS. THERE HAVE BEEN SOME SUCCESSES FOR APPLE. THE E.U. BANNED THE GALAXY TAB 7.7 IN ALL OF EUROPE. THOUGH IN THIS INSTANCE IT'S ACTUALLY AN OLDER TABLET COMPUTER SO IT'S NOT GOING TO MATTER SO MUCH. THIS IS REALLY QUITE AN EPIC BATTLE BETWEEN THESE GIANTS.

>> Suarez: SELECTION WAS TODAY. OPENING ARGUMENTS ARE TOMORROW BUT THEY'VE ALREADY BEEN IN COURT A WHILE. HASN'T APPLE ALREADY WON SOME INTERESTING CONCESSIONS FROM THE JUDGE IN THIS CASE?

>> WELL, ACTUALLY, THE JUDGE ISSUED AN INJUNCTION AGAINST TWO SAMSUNG DEVICES, A TABLET AND THE GALAXY NEXUS PHONE. THAT PHONE WHICH IS ACTUALLY FOR SALE DIRECTLY FROM GOOGLE AND I THINK YOU MENTIONED THIS, THAT IN SOME WAYS THIS IS A WAR AGAINST GOOGLE. BECAUSE THIS SHALL GOOGLE'S ANDROID OPERATING SYSTEM IN THESE PHONES SO THE JUDGE ISSUED AN INJUNCTION ON THAT PHONE BUT THEN IT WAS STAYEDED BY A HIGHER COURT. SO FOR THE MOMENT YOU CAN STILL BUY THAT PHONE. AND AGAIN THIS ISN'T THE FIRST TIME THERE HAS BEEN AN INJUNCTION AGAINST SOME SAMSUNG PRODUCTS BUT ON THE OTHER HAND SAMSUNG IS THROWING SOME PATENTS BACK AT APPLE. THAT'S WHAT HAPPENS WITH SOME OF THESE BIG GIANTS. YOU HAVE THESE HUGE COMPANIES. THEY EACH HAVE BASICALLY SASKATCHEWANALS FILLED WITH THOUSANDS OF PATENTS. SAMSUNG HAS SOME ESSENTIAL PATENTS THAT ARE IMPORTANT TO ALL PHONES. APPLE SAYING YOU HAVE TO LICENSE THEM THEM TO US, WHICH IS TRUE, THEY DO. AND YOU HAVE TO LICENSE THEM TO US AT A FAIR PRICE. THEY'RE SAYING SAMSUNG IS ASKING TOO MUCH. YOU'RE SEEING THEM THROW THESE PADDENTS BACK AND FORTH AT EACH OTHER

>> Suarez: HELP ME UNDERSTAND THIS AMIMUS TOWARDS GOOGLE A LITTLE BIT. WHEN THE LATE STEVE JOBS TALKED ABOUT THERMO NUCLEAR WAR, WHY IS IS STEVE JOBS SO ANGRY ABOUT ANDROID IN A SAMSUNG PRODUCT?

>> WELL, HE SAYS THAT ANDROID, THE WAY ANDROID WORKS COPIED ALL KINDS OF THINGS FROM APPLE'S OPERATING SYSTEM. SO, FOR EXAMPLE, IF YOU LOOK AT AN APPLE PHONE AND YOU SCROLL THROUGH YOUR CONTACTS, YOU'LL NOTICE WHEN YOU GET TO THE VERY END, SAY, A, IT BOUNCES BACK, RIGHT? AND THIS IS A LITTLE BOUNCE. THAT SAME KIND OF BOUNCE WAS PUT INTO THE ANDROID OPERATING SYSTEM. ALTHOUGH NOW IN A CONCESSION TO APPLE, THEY'VE TAKEN IT OUT OF THE SAMSUNG PHONE. SO THAT'S THE KIND OF THING THEY'RE FIGHTING OVER. THESE LITTLE THINGS THAT I GUESS TO APPLE... APPLE FEELS LIKE THESE ARE THE KINDS OF THINGS THAT MAKE THEIR PRODUCTS REALLY ELEGANT. INDEED, APPLE MAKES REALLY ELEGANT PRODUCTS. BUT JUST BECAUSE APPLE PUT THINGS TOGETHER BEAUTIFULLY DOESN'T NECESSARILY MEAN THEY'RE ENTITLED TO PROTECTION FROM THE PATENT SYSTEM. MANY OF THESE THINGS MAY HAVE ALREADY BEEN OUT THERE. PEOPLE MAY HAVE BEEN DOING THEM. THEY JUST DIDN'T DO THEM AS WELL AS APPLE THE JUDGE IN THIS CASE IS A FORMER PATENT ATTORNEY HERSELF. BUT THE 12 JURORS AREN'T. ISN'T THIS GOING TO BE A FAIRLY DEMANDING TECHNICAL ARGUMENT FOR A LAY JURY?

>> IT IS. I SHOULD SAY THERE WILLER TEN JURORS IN THIS CASE, NOT 12. IT WILL. BUT REMEMBER THIS IS TAKING PLACE IN SILICON VALLEY. ACTUALLY TODAY IN SELECTING A JURY THE TROUBLE THEY WERE HAVING HOW MANY OF THE JURORS HAD PROFESSIONAL CONNECTIONS TO ONE OF THESE COMPANIES. I MEAN, YOU'RE TALKING ABOUT SILICON VALLEY. EVERYBODY WORKS FOR THE TECH WORLD. IT'S A ONE-COMPANY TOWN. SO I THINK ACTUALLY YOU'RE LIKELY TO GET A JURY THAT REALLY UNDERSTANDS IT. THERE'S ALSO, I THINK, IF YOU FIND IN SILICON VALLEY IT IS MY EXPERIENCE THERE IS SOME AMIMUS TOWARDS THE PATENT SYSTEM. SO I THINK THERE ARE SOME PEOPLE WHO MAY NOT BE SO SYMPATHETIC TO APPLE IN THIS CASE. AGAIN YOU'RE TALKING ABOUT OFTEN VERY INCREMENTAL PATENTS. THERE'S A GENERAL FEELING AMONG MANY PEOPLE, IN FACT, RECENTLY JUDGE RICHARD POSTER, A VERY FAMOUS JURIST, THREW OUT A CASE BETWEEN APPLE AND MOTOROLA SAYING HE THOUGHT THE WHOLE PATENT SYSTEM HAD JUST BECOME RIDICULOUS. SO IT'S POSSIBLE YOU'RE GOING TO HAVE PEOPLE IN THE JURY POOL WHO WILL LEAN THAT WAY. THERE ARE OTHER PEOPLE WHO ARE GOING TO LOVE APPLE AND REALIZE THAT APPLE CHANGED UNDENIABLY THE SMART PHONE MARKET AND THAT THEY SHOULD BE ENTITLED TO SOME REWARD FOR CHANGING THE SMART PHONE MARKET. APPLE CREATED THE I-PAD. THERE HAVE BEEN TABLET COMPUTERS BEFORE THAT BUT THERE'S NO DOUBT THAT I-PAD OPENED THAT MARKET UP IN A NEW WAY. SHORTLY THEREAFTER SAMSUNG CAME OUT WITH TABLETS THAT LOOKED A LOT MORE LIKE I-PADS.

>> Suarez: NPR AS LAURA SYDELL, THANKS FOR JOINING US

>> YOU'RE WE WILL COME. ... YOU'RE WELCOME.

>> Woodruff: AGAIN, THE MAJOR DEVELOPMENTS OF THE DAY. JAMES HOLMES WAS FORMALLY CHARGED IN THE MASS KILLING AT A COLORADO MOVIE THEATER, INCLUDING 24 COUNTS OF MURDER. AND THE SYRIAN MILITARY ESCALATED ITS ASSAULT ON REBELS IN ALEPPO, AS U.N. OFFICIALS REPORTED 200,000 PEOPLE HAVE FLED THE CITY. ONLINE, SOME TIPS FOR NAVIGATING THE SOCIAL SECURITY SYSTEM. KWAME HOLMAN TELLS US MORE.

>> Holman: FOR THOSE BEFUDDLED BY THE RULES OR WONDERING WHEN TO DRAW THEIR BENEFITS, ECONOMIST LAWRENCE KOTLIKOFF OFFERS NEARLY THREE DOZEN SOCIAL SECURITY SECRETS HE THINKS EVERYONE SHOULD KNOW. THAT'S ON OUR MAKING SENSE PAGE. PLUS, ON ART BEAT, JEFF TALKS TO THE DIRECTOR OF THE NEW DOCUMENTARY, "THE QUEEN OF VERSAILLES." IT FOLLOWS A VERY WEALTHY COUPLE AS THEY BUILD THE LARGEST HOUSE IN AMERICA JUST AS THE FINANCIAL CRISIS HITS. THAT AND MORE IS ON OUR WEB SITE, newshour.pbs.org. GWEN?

>> Ifill: AND AGAIN, TO OUR HONOR ROLL OF AMERICAN SERVICE PERSONNEL KILLED IN THE AFGHANISTAN CONFLICT. WE ADD THEM AS THEIR DEATHS ARE MADE OFFICIAL AND PHOTOGRAPHS BECOME AVAILABLE. HERE, IN SILENCE, ARE EIGHT MORE.

>> Ifill: AND THAT'S THE NEWSHOUR FOR TONIGHT. ON TUESDAY, WE'LL LOOK AT THE NATION'S LARGEST IMMIGRANT GROUP, ASIAN AMERICANS, AND THE POLITICAL CLOUT THEY MAY WIELD IN ONE KEY STATE. I'M GWEN IFILL.

>> Woodruff: AND I'M JUDY WOODRUFF. WE'LL SEE YOU ONLINE, AND AGAIN HERE TOMORROW EVENING. THANK YOU, AND GOOD NIGHT. MAJOR FUNDING FOR THE PBS NEWSHOUR HAS BEEN PROVIDED BY:

>> BNSF RAILWAY. AND WITH THE ONGOING SUPPORT OF THESE INSTITUTIONS AND FOUNDATIONS. AND... THIS PROGRAM WAS MADE POSSIBLE BY THE CORPORATION FOR PUBLIC BROADCASTING. AND BY CONTRIBUTIONS TO YOUR PBS STATION FROM VIEWERS LIKE YOU. THANK YOU. Captioning sponsored by MacNEIL/LEHRER PRODUCTIONS Captioned by Media Access Group at WGBH access.wgbh.org

>> THIS IS N.B.R.

>> Susie: GOOD EVENING. I'M SUSIE GHARIB. WILL THE WORLD'S ECONOMIC POWERS TAKE ACTION TO BOOST THE GLOBAL ECONOMY? INVESTORS ARE WAITING ON KEY MEETINGS AT THE FEDERAL RESERVE AND EUROPEAN CENTRAL BANK.

>> Tom: I'M TOM HUDSON. THIS WEEK WE'RE LOOKING AT REGIONAL BANKS. WHY SMALLER BANK STOCKS ARE OUT- PERFOMING THEIR BIGGER COMPETITORS.

>> Susie: AND WHAT'S IT GOING TO TAKE TO MAKE A NEW GENERATION OF INNOVATORS? WE VISIT A CAMP TEACHING TEENAGE GIRLS ABOUT ENGINEERING.

>> Tom: THAT AND MORE TONIGHT ON "N.B.R.!"

>> Tom: THERE ARE HIGH EXPECTATIONS THIS WEEK ECONOMIC LEADERS IN THE U.S. AND EUROPE WILL TAKE ACTION TO HELP THEIR STRUGGLING ECONOMIES. BEGINNING TOMORROW, FEDERAL