PBS NewsHour Weekend; PBS NewsHour Weekend : KQED : October 4, 2014 5:30pm-6:01pm PDT

Captioning sponsored by WNET

>> Sreenivasan: ON THIS EDITION FOR SATURDAY, OCTOBER 4: ONE OF AMERICA'S TOP HEALTH EXPERTS TALKS TO US ABOUT COMBATING EBOLA IN THIS COUNTRY; PRIME MINISTER DAVID CAMERON VOWS REVENGE FOR THE BEHEADING OF A BRITISH AID WORKER BY ISIS MILITANTS; AND THE BIG BUSINESS OF YOUNG ADULT LITERATURE. NEXT ON PBS NEWSHOUR WEEKEND.

>> PBS NEWSHOUR WEEKEND IS MADE POSSIBLE BY: CORPORATE FUNDING IS PROVIDED BY MUTUAL OF AMERICA-- DESIGNING CUSTOMIZED INDIVIDUAL AND GROUP RETIREMENT PRODUCTS. THAT'S WHY WE ARE YOUR RETIREMENT COMPANY. ADDITIONAL SUPPORT IS PROVIDED BY: AND BY THE CORPORATION FOR PUBLIC BROADCASTING AND BY CONTRIBUTIONS TO YOUR PBS STATION FROM VIEWERS LIKE YOU. THANK YOU. FROM THE TISCH WNET STUDIOS IN LINCOLN CENTER IN NEW YORK, HARI SREENIVASAN.

>> Sreenivasan: GOOD EVENING. THANKS FOR JOINING US. U.S. HEALTH OFFICIALS SAID TODAY THEY HAVE FIELDED INQUIRIES ABOUT 100 SUSPECTED CASES OF EBOLA SINCE THE FIRST CASE IN THE UNITED STATES WAS CONFIRMED IN DALLAS, BUT THAT NO NEW INFECTIONS HAVE BEEN IDENTIFIED. THIS AFTERNOON, OFFICIALS FROM THE CENTERS FOR DISEASE CONTROL RACED TO NEWARK AIRPORT TO MEET A PLANE THAT HAD LANDED FROM BRUSSELS. TWO PASSENGERS BELIEVED TO BE FROM LIBERIA BECAME ILL DURING THE FLIGHT. LATER, HEALTH OFFICIALS SAID THE TWO APPARENTLY DO NOT HAVE EBOLA. ANOTHER SIMILAR SCARE WAS REPORTED IN WEST FLORIDA TODAY. AND THOSE TWO SUSPECTED CASES IN THE WASHINGTON, D.C., AREA TURNED OUT NOT TO BE EBOLA, EITHER. BUT THOMAS ERIC DUNCAN, THE LIBERIAN MAN WHO ON THURSDAY BECAME THE FIRST PERSON IN THE U.S. WITH EBOLA, TODAY WAS DOWNGRADED FROM SERIOUS TO CRITICAL CONDITION. JOINING US NOW FROM WASHINGTON IS ONE OF THE NATION'S TOP HEALTH EXPERTS. DR. ANTHONY FAUCI IS THE DIRECTOR OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ALLERGY AND INFECTIOUS DISEASES. THE GOVERNMENT HAS BEEN SAYING THAT THEY ARE PREPARED, THAT THEY'VE BEEN SENDING OUT INFORMATION FOR WEEKS. IS THERE IN THAT INFORMATION A CHECKLIST FOR HOSPITALS TO GO THROUGH ON WHAT TO DO IF SOMEONE WALKS INTO THEIR EMERGENCY ROOM AND HAS THESE SYMPTOMS, WITH THIS TRAVEL HISTORY?

>> INDEED, THERE IS. THERE IS A CERTAIN THING CALLED THE HAN- H-A-N-- THE HEALTH ALERT NETWORK. THE C.D.C. HAS BEEN SENDING OUT SEVERAL OF THESE OVER THE LAST WEEKS TO MONTHS TO UNDERSCORE SEVERAL THINGS. AND THE ONE THAT'S MOST RELEVANT TO WHAT WE'RE TALKING ABOUT TODAY IS THE SPECIFIC ALERT THAT IF SOMEONE COMES INTO AN EMERGENCY ROOM OR A CLINIC WITH SYMPTOMS THAT ARE SUGGESTIVE OF EBOLA, IT'S IMPORTANT THAT YOU TAKE A TRAVEL HISTORY. IF A PERSON TELL YOU THAT THEY'VE RECENTLY TRAVELED TO WEST AFRICA AND HAVE COME BACK, THAT YOU THEN TREAT THEM IN A WAY THAT KEEPS THEM TO BE OBSERVED BEFORE YOU RULE OUT THE POSSIBILITY THAT THEY HAVE EBOLA. SO, THAT HAS BEEN GIVEN IN INSTRUCTIONS AND ALERTS NOW FOR A CONSIDERABLE PERIOD OF TIME.

>> Sreenivasan: IS IT JUST A MATTER THAT SOME OF THESE HOSPITALS JUST DID NOT PAY ATTENTION TO? BECAUSE WHY DID THE CASE IN DALLAS TURN OUT THE WAY THAT IT DID IF THE HOSPITALS HAD THIS INFORMATION?

>> WELL, THEY CERTAINLY HAD THE INFORMATION, AND WE JUST HAVE TO RECOGNIZE IT FOR WHAT IT IS AND WHAT IT WAS. IT WAS A MISSTEP. IT SHOULD NOT HAVE HAPPENED. THERE'S NO EXCUSE. BUT HOPEFULLY, RATHER THAN HAVING ANY BLAME GAME, WE WOULD LOOK FORWARD AND MAKE THIS A LESSONS LEARNED, THAT WE REALLY HAVE TO PAY ATTENTION TO THE C.D.C. ALERTS. AND I THINK PART OF THE POSITIVE SPIN-OFF OF ALL THE PUBLICITY THAT THE DALLAS CASE IS GETTING IS THE FACT THAT EMERGENCY ROOM AND CLINIC PHYSICIANS THROUGHOUT THE COUNTRY ARE NOW ACUTELY AWARE OF THIS MISSTEP. AND I CAN GUARANTEE YOU, IF SOMEONE COMES INTO A CLINIC NOW WITH SYMPTOMS COMPATIBLE WITH EBOLA AND GETS ASKED BY A PHYSICIAN, "ARE YOU FROM WEST AFRICA?," THAT EVERY PHYSICIAN IS GOING TO ASK THAT QUESTION.

>> Sreenivasan: WHAT ABOUT THE GOVERNMENT'S ROLE IN HELPING THOSE JUST BEYOND THE HOSPITAL? SAY, FOR EXAMPLE, THE FIRST RESPONDERS; IF SOMEONE IS IN AN AMBULANCE, THEY ARE RESPONDING TO A CALL WITH SOMEONE WHO MIGHT HAVE FLU-LIKE SYMPTOMS OR OTHERWISE.

>> WELL, AGAIN, THERE'S INFECTION CONTROL AND PROTECTIVE MECHANISMS FOR A LOT OF DIFFERENT DISEASES, NOT ONLY EBOLA. BUT WHEN THERE IS A SUSPICION OF EBOLA, ONE SHOULD GO INTO WHAT WE CALL THE C.D.C. PROTOCOLS ABOUT PROTECTION OF THE HEALTH CARE WORKER. NOW, ONE OF THE IMPORTANT THINGS THAT WE NEED TO EMPHASIZE IS THAT WHEN SOMEONE IS IDENTIFIED AS EITHER WITH EBOLA SYMPTOMS PARTICULARLY-- LET'S TAKE THE CASE IN DALLAS-- ONCE YOU ESTABLISH A CASE OF EBOLA, THE IMPORTANT PUBLIC HEALTH MEASURE TO PREVENT AN OUTBREAK IS THE CONTACT TRACING THAT IS CURRENTLY GOING ON IN DALLAS. BECAUSE, HISTORICALLY, FOR THE 38 YEARS NOW THAT WE HAVE EXPERIENCE WITH DEALING WITH EBOLA ESSENTIALLY IN CENTRAL AND SOUTHERN AFRICA, IS THAT WHEN YOU GET THE CONTACTS UNDER OBSERVATION AND OBSERVE THEM FOR THE PERIOD OF TIME, WHICH IS 21 DAYS, SO THAT YOU COULD RULE OUT WHETHER OR NOT THEY DO OR DO NOT HAVE EBOLA, THAT'S THE WAY YOU PREVENT AN OUTBREAK. AND THAT'S THE REASON WHY, DESPITE THE INITIAL MISSTEP, WE FEEL THAT WE HAVE THE HEALTH CARE INFRASTRUCTURE TO BE ABLE TO IMPLEMENT THAT AND PREVENT AN OUTBREAK HERE.

>> Sreenivasan: SO, WHAT'S THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT'S ROLE IN TRYING TO COORDINATE THOSE OTHER RESOURCES BEYOND THE HOSPITALS IN TERMS OF THE LOCAL AUTHORITIES? THERE SEEMS TO BE A GAP THERE IN TIME BETWEEN WHEN THIS PERSON WAS DIAGNOSED WITH EBOLA AND, SAY, WHEN A HAZMAT CREW GOT TO THEIR HOUSE OR HAD TO QUARANTINE THE FAMILY MEMBERS.

>> THERE IS A HISTORIC, VERY STRONG RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN OUR CENTERS FOR DISEASE CONTROL AND PREVENTION, OUR C.D.C., AND THE STATE AND LOCAL HEALTH AUTHORITIES. THEY TAKE THE SIGNALS FROM THE C.D.C., THE C.D.C. SETS DOWN THE GUIDELINES, AND, FOR EXAMPLE, AS SOON AS THE CASE WAS IDENTIFIED IN DALLAS, THE C.D.C. SENT AT LEAST TEN HEALTH PROFESSIONALS THERE AND LIKELY MORE TO COME TO BE ABLE TO HELP IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THOSE PROTOCOLS, PARTICULARLY THE CONTACT TRACING PROTOCOLS. SO, THERE REALLY IS VERY GOOD INTERACTION BETWEEN THE NATIONAL LEVEL C.D.C. AND THE LOCAL AND STATE HEALTH AUTHORITIES.

>> Sreenivasan: WE HAD DR. FRIEDEN ON THE NEWSHOUR JUST A COUPLE OF NIGHTS AGO, WHERE HE WAS SAYING REALLY THE BEST WAY TO GET THIS IS TO GET IT AT THE SOURCE IN AFRICA. AND OBVIOUSLY A LOT OF PEOPLE ARE CONCERNED ABOUT THE TRAVEL AND THE FREE-FLOW OF PEOPLE AND GOODS BACK AND FORTH. SO, IS THERE ANYTHING WE CAN DO TO IMPROVE THE LEVEL OF QUARANTINE IN WEST AFRICA BEFORE PEOPLE GET ONTO THE PLANES AND GO WHEREVER THEY'RE GOING TO GO IN THE WORLD?

>> WELL, THERE IS A PROCESS GOING ON THAT VERY FEW PEOPLE APPRECIATE. IF YOU OR I WERE LET'S SAY IN MONROVIA, LIBERIA, RIGHT NOW AT THE AIRPORT, AND WE HAD A FEVER, WHICH IS CHECKED FOR EVERYONE THAT IS TRYING TO GET ONTO A PLANE, WE WOULD NOT BE ABLE TO GET ON A PLANE TO LEAVE LIBERIA TO COME TO THE UNITED STATES OR ANYPLACE ELSE. SO, IT'S THE EXIT SCREENING FROM THE COUNTRY WHICH REALLY PROVES TO BE QUITE EFFECTIVE. OBVIOUSLY, IF SOMEONE DOESN'T HAVE SYMPTOMS AND DOESN'T HAVE A FEVER AND IS IN THAT PHASE OF INCUBATION WHERE THEY ARE INFECTED AND THEY REALLY DON'T KNOW THAT THEY'RE INFECTED, THERE'S ALWAYS THE POSSIBILITY THAT THAT WOULD SLIP THROUGH, AS DID MR. THOMAS DUNCAN. THE PROBLEM IS, HE WAS ALSO ASKED A QUESTION AT THE EXIT PART AS TO WHETHER HE HAD CONTACT WITH A PERSON WITH EBOLA, AND EITHER HE DIDN'T REALIZE THAT HE DID OR I DON'T KNOW WHAT THE ANSWER TO THAT IS, BUT THAT SNUCK THROUGH. THAT WILL HAPPEN. BUT, ON THE OTHER END, WHEN A PERSON DOES GET HERE, ONCE THEY'RE IDENTIFIED, WE DO HAVE THE PROTOCOLS TO DO THE KIND OF IDENTIFICATION, ISOLATION, PROTECTION OF HEALTH CARE WORKERS AND CONTACT TRACING.

>> Sreenivasan: IS THERE ANY PRACTICAL WAY TO KEEP ENTIRE POPULATIONS OF WEST AFRICA IN QUARANTINE FOR 21 DAYS BEFORE THEY BOARD A PLANE?

>> AND THE ANSWER TO THAT IS NO. AND I KNOW IT'S AN OBVIOUS QUESTION THAT PEOPLE ASK. I GET ASKED THAT ALL THE TIME, AND TOM FRIEDEN FROM THE C.D.C. GETS ASKED THAT ALL THE TIME. IF YOU LOOK HISTORICALLY AT TRYING TO ESSENTIALLY QUARANTINE A COUNTRY, THE NEGATIVE EFFECTS OF THAT REALLY OUTWEIGH ANY POSITIVE BENEFIT. IN FACT, HEALTH AUTHORITIES ARE IN AGREEMENT THAT YOU CAN ALMOST CERTAINLY HAVE A NEGATIVE EFFECT BECAUSE YOU PREVENT THE FREE- FLOW OF THINGS THAT THEY NEED TO CONTAIN THE EPIDEMIC. IT WOULD MAKE IT MUCH WORSE FOR THEM. AND AS WE'VE SAID, THE BEST WAY TO PROTECT THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA IS TO COMPLETELY SHUT DOWN THE EPIDEMIC IN WEST AFRICA; NOT NECESSARILY TO QUARANTINE ANYBODY IN WEST AFRICA, BUT TO PUT INTO PLACE THE INFECTION CONTROL METHODS THAT WOULD ALLOW US TO BE ABLE TO SUPRESS THAT. THAT'S THE BEST WAY TO PROTECT THE UNITED STATES-- STOP IT IN WEST AFRICA.

>> Sreenivasan: ALL RIGHT, DR. ANTHONY FAUCI, THANKS SO MUCH FOR YOUR TIME.

>> Sreenivasan: THAT MAJOR CYBER ATTACK ON J.P. MORGAN CHASE WAS APPARENTLY MUCH BIGGER THAN PREVIOUSLY THOUGHT. THE "NEW YORK TIMES" REPORTS TODAY THAT ABOUT NINE OTHER FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS WERE ALSO INFILTRATED BY THE SAME GROUP OF OVERSEAS HACKERS. ACCORDING TO THE ARTICLE, THE HACKERS ARE THOUGHT TO BE OPERATING IN RUSSIA. THE ARTICLE QUOTES A SENIOR AMERICAN OFFICIAL AS SPECULATING THAT THE ATTACK COULD BE RETALIATION FOR U.S. SANCTIONS AGAINST RUSSIA. SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA IS ENDURING ANOTHER DAY OF BRUTAL HEAT, WITH THE MERCURY SOARING INTO TRIPLE DIGITS IN SOME AREAS. IT WAS MORE THAN 90 DEGREES BEFORE NOON. CALIFORNIA, OF COURSE, HAS ALSO BEEN IN THE MIDST OF A HISTORIC DROUGHT. AND NEW NASA SATELLITE IMAGES SHOW A DRAMATIC FALL-OFF IN THE STATE'S RIVER BASINS SINCE 2002. THE ORANGE AND RED COLORS SHOW AREAS THAT HAVE LOST THE MOST WATER OVER THE PAST 12 YEARS. DEATHS FROM HEROIN OVERDOSES IN THE U.S. MORE THAN DOUBLED FROM 2010 TO 2012, ACCORDING TO A NEW REPORT FROM THE C.D.C. BUT DEATHS ATTRIBUTED TO WHAT ARE KNOWN AS OPIOID PRESCRIPTION PAINKILLERS LIKE VICODIN AND OXYCONTIN DECLINED DURING THE SAME PERIOD. OFFICIALS BELIEVE THE AVAILABILITY OF HEROIN AND TIGHTER REGULATIONS ON PAINKILLERS ARE BEHIND THE SHIFTING NUMBERS. THAT SAID, THE NUMBER OF PEOPLE DYING OF THESE PAINKILLER OVERDOSES IS STILL MUCH HIGHER. IN 2012, 3,700 PEOPLE DIED OF HEROIN OVERDOSES, 9,900 PEOPLE DIED FROM ABUSING OPIOIDS. VOTER REGISTRATION IN FERGUSON, MISSOURI, HAS SURGED IN THE AFTERMATH OF THE KILLING OF AN UNARMED BLACK TEENAGER BY A WHITE POLICE OFFICER. IT'S UP NEARLY 30%, ACCORDING TO A BOARD OF ELECTIONS OFFICIAL. AFTER DAYS OF SOMETIMES VIOLENT PROTESTS, CIVIL RIGHTS LEADERS HAD URGED RESIDENTS OF THE ST. LOUIS SUBURB TO PARTICIPATE MORE IN THE ELECTORAL PROCESS. TWO-THIRDS OF FERGUSON'S 21,000 RESIDENTS ARE BLACK, BUT THE POLICE AND CITY COUNCIL ARE OVERWHELMINGLY WHITE. CITY COUNCIL ELECTIONS IN FERGUSON ARE NEXT SPRING. IN THE FIRST OF ITS KIND CEREMONY EVER HELD IN THE UNITED STATES, A NUN FROM NEW JERSEY HAS BEEN BEATIFIED. SISTER MIRIAM TERESA, WHOSE WRITINGS WERE CONSIDERED INFLUENTIAL WITHIN THE CHURCH, DIED IN 1927. BUT 37 YEARS LATER, A BOY WITH MACULAR DEGENERATION CLAIMED HIS VISION WAS CURED ON THE VERY DAY HE WAS GIVEN A RELIC OF THE LATE NUN, INCLUDING A SINGLE STRAND OF HER HAIR. LAST DECEMBER, POPE FRANCIS DECLARED THE EVENT A MIRACLE, QUALIFYING HER FOR BEATIFICATION. SHE WOULD HAVE TO BE CREDITED WITH ANOTHER MIRACLE TO ACHIEVE SAINTHOOD. TURNING OVERSEAS NOW, PRIME MINISTER DAVID CAMERON AND OTHERS REACTED WITH OUTRAGE TODAY TO THE LATEST BEHEADING OF A BRITISH CITIZEN BY THE EXTREMIST ISLAMIC GROUP, ISIS. VIDEO RELEASED SHOWED THE KILLING OF A BRITISH AID WORKER, ALAN HENNING. SIMON ISRAEL OF BRITAIN'S CHANNEL 4 HAS OUR REPORT.

>> Reporter: THE MANCHESTER CAB DRIVER ALAN HENNING'S HUMANITARIAN MISSION TO SYRIA COULDN'T HAVE HAD A MORE DESPERATE AND TRAGIC OUTCOME. THE 47-YEAR-OLD'S BECOME THE FOURTH HOSTAGE HELD BY YI TO BE KILLED IN THE PAST 45 DAYS. THE THE VIDEO OF HID DEATH WAS RECORDED AFTER THE SANCTIONED AIRSTRIKES ON IRAQ. IT HAS THE SAME BRITISH VOICE AS THE OTHERS.

>> Reporter: THERE HAD BEEN REPEATED APPEALS TO SPARE HIS LIFE. HIS WIFE, BARBARA'S, WAS LESS THAN A WEEK AGO.

>> I ASK ISLAMIC STATE PLEADS RELEASE HIM.

>> Reporter: RACKETING TO HER HUSBAND'S DEATH TONIGHT, SHE SAID: SAVING ALAN HENNING'S LIFE HAD UNITED MUSLIM COMMUNITIES LIKE NEVER BEFORE. ONE OF HIS COLLEAGUES ON THAT CONVOY TODAY DESCRIBED HIM AS THE BEST OF THE BEST.

>> THE MOST AMAZING GUY I'VE EVER MET, AND, YOU KNOW, I'VE-- I'VE REFRAIND FROM GIVING ANY INTERVIEWS, ET CETERA, UP UNTIL TODAY. THE REASON WAS WE HAD THAT GLIMMER OF HOPE. SOMEBODY SAID QUITE BEAUTIFULLY THAT ALAN'S A LIGHT. THERE IS A LIGHT THAT'S BEEN PUT OW NOW.

>> Reporter: WITHIN THE LAST TWO MONTHS, DESPERATE APPEALS FROM THE FAMILIES OF THE MURDERED00S JAMES FOLEY, STEVEN SOTLOFF, DAVID HAINES, AND ALAN HENNING WERE IGNORED. AND NOW, AS HAS BECOME THE PRACTICE OF YI, THE END OF MR. HAINES' VIDEO, THE LIFE OF ANOTHER HOSTAGE IS THREATEN. HE'S PETER KASIG, EX-U.S. MILITARY, NOW AN AID WORKER. HIS FAMILY HAS RESPONDED THE SAME WAY AS THE OTHERS -- WITH AN APPEAL.

>> WE IMPLORE THOSE WHO ARE HOLDING YOU TO SHOW MERCY AND USE THEIR POWER TO LET YOU GO.

>> Reporter: THEY, LIKE THE OTHER FAMILIES, ARE HELPLESS, A SITUATION ACKNOWLEDGED TODAY BY THE PRIME MINISTER.

>> WHAT WE SEE WITH THIS ORGANIZATION IS THAT THERE IS NO LEVEL OF DEPRAVITY TO WHICH THEY WILL NOT SINK. NO IT APPEALS MADE ANY DIFFERENCE.

>> Reporter: BUT THAT WAS ALL ALAN HENNING'S FAMILY COULD HANG ON TO-- THE BELIEF THAT THEY COULD MAKE A DIFFERENCE. >

>> Sreenivasan: A KEY U.S. ALLY IN THE FIGHT AGAINST ISIS, PRESIDENT ERDOGAN OF TURKEY DEMANDED AND RECEIVED AN APOLOGY FROM VICE PRESIDENT JOE BIDEN. BIDEN SAID THURSDAY THAT ERDOGAN HAD ADMITTED MAKING A MISTAKE BY ALLOWING JIHADISTS FROM SYRIA TO CROSS INTO TURKEY BECAUSE THEY WERE FIGHTING PRESIDENT BASHAR AL ASSAD'S REGIME. ERDOGAN STATED TODAY HE SAID NO SUCH THING AND ADDED TURKEY HAD ACTUALLY PREVENTED 6,000 JIHADISTS FROM ENTERING THE COUNTRY AND DEPORTED 1,000 MORE.

>> ( translated ): IF BIDEN HAS USED SUCH EXPRESSIONS, HE WILL BE HISTORY TO ME. WE HAVE NEVER PROVIDED HELP AND SUPPORT TO ANY TERRORIST ORGANIZATION-- I SAY TERRORIST ORGANIZATION-- INCLUDING THE ISLAMIST STATE. NOBODY CAN PROVE OTHERWISE.

>> Sreenivasan: IN ASIA TODAY, TOP OFFICIALS FROM NORTH KOREA MET WITH THEIR COUNTERPARTS IN THE SOUTH TODAY, THE HIGHEST LEVEL FACE-TO-FACE TALKS BETWEEN THE TWO NATIONS IN FIVE YEARS. THE NORTH KOREAN DELEGATION MADE A SURPRISE VISIT AT THE CLOSE OF THE ASIA GAMES IN INCHEON, SOUTH KOREA. WHILE THERE WERE NO BREAKTHROUGHS, THE MEETING ITSELF MAY SIGNAL A COOLING OF TENSIONS THAT HAVE FLARED IN RECENT MONTHS. THE COUNTRIES AGREED TO ANOTHER HIGH-LEVEL MEETING LATER THIS FALL. IN HONG KONG, THOSE PRO- DEMOCRACY PROTESTS CONTINUE TO GROW DESPITE A NEW WARNING OF A POSSIBLE CRACKDOWN. TENS OF THOUSANDS OF PROTESTERS GATHERED SATURDAY NIGHT DURING ONE OF THE LARGEST RALLIES SINCE THE PROTESTS BEGAN MORE THAN A WEEK AGO. HONG KONG'S CHIEF EXECUTIVE, LEUNG CHUN-YING, DEMANDED TODAY THAT THE PROTESTORS DISBAND BY MONDAY MORNING. LEUNG SAID ALL ACTIONS NECESSARY WOULD BE TAKEN TO RESTORE ORDER. ADDITIONALLY, POLICE ANNOUNCED THAT SOME OF THE 19 MEN ARRESTED FOR ATTACKING THE PROTESTERS HAD LINKS TO GANGS IN HONG KONG. DEMONSTRATORS ACCUSED THE GOVERNMENT OF ENCOURAGING THE ATTACKS. SWEDEN WILL BECOME THE FIRST WESTERN EUROPEAN NATION TO RECOGNIZE AN INDEPENDENT PALESTINIAN STATE. THIS ACCORDING TO THE NATION'S NEWLY ELECTED PRIME MINISTER. TODAY, SWEDEN'S FOREIGN MINISTER EXPLAINED THE MOVE.

>> WE BELIEVE THAT THIS IS AN IMPORTANT STEP TOWARDS A TWO- STATE SOLUTION. WE HOPE THAT THIS WILL INSPIRE AND HOPEFULLY GIVE SOME NEW ENERGY INTO THE NEGOTIATIONS.

>> Sreenivasan: A U.S. STATE DEPARTMENT SPOKESPERSON CALLED THE DECISION "PREMATURE." AND THE FORMER PRESIDENT OF HAITI, JEAN CLAUDE DUVALIER, COMMONLY KNOWN AS BABY DOC, HAS DIED. DUVALIER RULED THE COUNTRY FOR 15 YEARS BEFORE BEING FORCED TO FLEE HAITI IN 1986 FOLLOWING ACCUSATIONS OF CORRUPTION AND HUMAN RIGHTS ABUSES. HE RETURNED TO HAITI IN 2011. BABY DOC DIED OF A HEART ATTACK. HE WAS 63.

>> Sreenivasan: WHEN AUTHOR J.K. ROWLING RELEASED HER FIRST "HARRY POTTER" BOOK IN 1997, SHE DIDN'T JUST INTRODUCE THE WORLD TO A NEW CHARACTER; SHE HELPED EXPAND A CATEGORY OF BOOKS THAT HAS TURNED INTO AN IMPORTANT PROFIT CENTER FOR THE PUBLISHING INDUSTRY. WE'RE TALKING ABOUT WHAT'S KNOWN AS YOUNG ADULT LITERATURE. IN FACT, ITS POPULARITY ALSO HAS BEEN FUELED BY READERS IN THEIR 20s, 30s AND 40s, AND BY HOLLYWOOD'S EMBRACE. THE NEWSHOUR'S TRACY WHOLF GIVES YOU A GLIMPSE AT SOME OF THE BOOKS YOUR CHILDREN OR GRANDCHILDREN MIGHT BE READING.

>> Reporter: THESE DAYS, YOU DON'T HAVE TO BE A PARENT TO BE FAMILIAR WITH POPULAR TEEN BOOK TITLES LIKE "HARRY POTTER," "THE HUNGER GAMES" OR "TWILIGHT." THESE TITLES HAVE SOLD MILLIONS OF COPIES OF BOOKS AND SPAWNED MERCHANDISE EMPIRES, BEEN ADAPTED INTO BLOCKBUSTER FILMS, AND HAVE PERMEATED OUR POP- CULTURE LIVES. YOUNG ADULT LITERATURE IS A BOOMING BUSINESS AND HAS BEEN ONE OF THE FASTEST GROWING BOOK CATEGORIES FOR PUBLISHERS IN RECENT YEARS WITH MORE THAN 715 MILLION BOOKS SOLD IN 2013.

>> AS FAR AS I CAN TELL, A YOUNG ADULT NOVEL IS A REGULAR NOVEL THAT PEOPLE ACTUALLY READ. ( LAUGHTER )

>> Reporter: EVEN THOUGH THE CATEGORY IS AIMED AT AUDIENCES AGES 12 TO 18, MORE NON- TEENAGERS ARE PICKING UP THESE TITLES. IN FACT, A 2014 REPORT SHOWED THAT 77% OF YOUNG ADULT LITERATURE BUYERS WERE ACTUALLY ADULTS, WITH THE LARGEST SEGMENT OF BUYERS, 43%, AGES 18 TO 29. AND GIVEN THE DIFFICULT ECONOMIC CLIMATE THE PUBLISHING INDUSTRY HAS FACED OVER THE LAST FEW YEARS, MORE Y.A. OR "YOUNG ADULT" BUYERS HAVE BEEN A BLESSING. WHERE DOES Y.A. FIT INTO THIS? HAVE THEY BEEN INFLUENTIAL IN HELPING BOLSTER THE PUBLISHING INDUSTRY AS THEY'VE TRIED TO WEATHER THESE ROUGH WATERS?

>> YOUNG ADULT'S BEEN REALLY CRUCIAL IN THAT IT'S REALLY PROVIDED SOME OF THE BIGGEST BLOCKBUSTER SERIES AND TITLES OVER THE LAST FIVE OR TEN YEARS.

>> Reporter: JIM MILLIOT IS THE EDITORIAL DIRECTOR OF "PUBLISHER'S WEEKLY," A TRADE MAGAZINE THAT TRACKS PUBLISHING TRENDS AND BUSINESS. HOW DID Y.A. CHANGE THE TIDE FOR THE PUBLISHING INDUSTRY?

>> WELL, IT PROVIDED A STEADY STREAM OF REVENUE FOR THE CHILDREN'S MARKET. "HUNGER GAMES," FOR INSTANCE. A COUPLE YEARS AGO, THERE WERE OVER 65 MILLION COPIES IN PRINT.

>> Reporter: AIMEE FRIEDMAN IS AN EXECUTIVE EDITOR AND AUTHOR AT SCHOLASTIC PUBLISHING, THE LARGEST PUBLISHER AND DISTRIBUTOR OF CHILDREN'S BOOKS IN THE WORLD. THE COMPANY ALSO HAPPENS TO PUBLISH THE "HARRY POTTER" AND "HUNGER GAMES" SERIES. WHY DO YOU THINK Y.A. IS SO POPULAR WITH ADULTS?

>> YOU KNOW, Y.A. TOUCHES UPON REALLY TIMELESS, UNIVERSAL ISSUES THAT... THAT TEENS GO THROUGH. FIRST LOVE, FIRST CRUSH, HEARTACHE, FAMILY ISSUES, CHALLENGING AUTHORITY. AND ADULTS REMEMBER THAT. AND ALSO, THE STORIES TEND TO BE INCREDIBLY GRIPPING AND COMPELLING. THEY SORT OF GRAB YOU FROM THE START. AND ADULTS LOVE THAT, TOO. WHO DOESN'T LOVE THAT?

>> Reporter: AUTHOR LOIS LOWRY KNOWS A FEW THINGS ABOUT WRITING FOR YOUNG ADULTS, HAVING PENNED 45 BOOKS FOR YOUNG AUDIENCES SINCE 1977 AND WINNING NUMEROUS AWARDS FOR HER WORK.

>> SO, A LOT OF VERY FINE WRITERS ARE ENTERING THAT FIELD. IN THE OLD DAYS, THEY MIGHT HAVE LOOKED DOWN THEIR NOSE AND FELT THAT ONLY ADULT WORK MATTERED, BUT THAT'S NO LONGER TRUE.

>> Reporter: TITLES SUCH AS "THE HUNGER GAMES" AND "DIVERGENT" WERE DERIVATIVE OF LOWRY'S 1994 NEWBERRY AWARD-WINNING NOVEL "THE GIVER," WHICH WAS RELEASED AS A $25 MILLION HOLLYWOOD ADAPTATION THIS PAST SUMMER. BUT LIKE MANY BOOK-TO-FILM ADAPTATIONS, WHAT YOU SEE ON THE SCREEN ISN'T EXACTLY WHAT LOWRY PENNED 20 YEARS AGO. TO BROADEN THE FILM'S APPEAL, PRODUCERS ADDED MORE ACTION, CONFLICT AND ROMANCE.

>> TODAY'S LITERATURE FOR YOUNG PEOPLE IS MUCH MORE EDGY. THERE'S A LOT OF SEXUAL EXPLICITNESS NOW. BUT ALSO-- AND THIS TROUBLES ME A BIT-- THERE'S A LOT OF VIOLENCE.

>> Reporter: BOOKS LIKE "THE HUNGER GAMES" AND "THE GIVER" ARE BOTH EXAMPLES OF A POPULAR YOUNG ADULT GENRE CALLED" DYSTOPIAN LITERATURE," FICTIONAL STORIES SET IN DARK, FUTURISTIC SOCIETIES WHERE THE PROTAGONIST IS AT ODDS WITH THE WORLD AROUND HIM OR HER.

>> THEY DO SAY THAT "THE GIVER" WAS THE FIRST FOR WHAT THEY CALL YOUNG ADULTS. AND NOW, OF COURSE, EVERY OTHER BOOK IS DYSTOPIAN LITERATURE. I THINK PUBLISHERS ARE GETTING A LITTLE TIRED OF IT. THEY'RE LOOKING FOR THE NEXT TREND.

>> Reporter: AND IT APPEARS THAT A NEW TREND IS ALREADY APPARENT ON THE SHELVES OF BOOKSTORES ACROSS THE COUNTRY.

>> NOWADAYS, IF I REALLY HAD TO GUESS OR PINPOINT SOMETHING, I WOULD SAY THE PENDULUM IS SWINGING TOWARD SORT OF "JOHN GREEN LIT," AS PEOPLE CALL IT-- CONTEMPORARY, REALISTIC STORIES ABOUT TEENS FACING EVERYDAY THINGS IN THEIR LIVES.

>> Reporter: YOUNG ADULT AUTHOR JOHN GREEN'S "THE FAULT IN OUR STARS," A TEENAGE TEAR-JERKER ABOUT YOUNG LOVERS BATTLING CANCER, HAS BEEN A JUGGERNAUT FOR THE INDUSTRY, SELLING MORE THAN TEN MILLION COPIES AND GROSSING MORE THAN $300 MILLION WORLDWIDE WHEN IT WAS RELEASED AS A FILM THIS PAST SUMMER, A TREND THAT MIGHT PLEASE LOWRY.

>> YOU HAVE TO TELL A GOOD STORY, AND YOU HAVE TO CREATE CHARACTERS THAT A YOUNG ADULT AUDIENCE WILL CARE ABOUT AND WILL FOLLOW ALONG, TURNING PAGES, TURNING PAGES.

>> THIS IS PBS NEWSHOUR WEEKEND, SATURDAY.

>> Sreenivasan: IN RECENT WEEKS, ALMOST EVERY BIT OF NEWS OUT OF AFRICA HAS BEEN ABOUT THE OUTBREAK OF EBOLA. BEFORE THAT, THE CAPTURE OF HUNDREDS OF SCHOOL GIRLS BY BOKO WHAT RAM MILITANTS. NOW SOME PHOTOJOURNALISTS ARE USING INSTAGRAM TO TRY TO DEPICT A FURL VERSION OF LIFE ON THAT CONTINENT.

>> Reporter: A WOMAN HANGING LAUNDRY IN UGANDA. YOUNG MEN AT A BARBER SHOP IN GHANA. CHEERLEADERS AT A ZIMBABWE SOCCER MATCH. THESE ARE PICTURES JOURNALISTS RARELY DOCUMENT.

>> TRADITIONALLY, IF YOU SEND A JOURNALIST, PHOTOJOURNALIST, WRITER, TO AFRICA, YOU GAVE THEM AN ASSIGNMENT-- GO AND PHOTOGRAPH FAMINE IN SUDAN. SO WHEN THEY ARE ARRIVING IN SUDAN, THE CAMERA BAG IS PACKED, UNTIL THEY SEE THE FIRST CHILD. THAT'S WHEN THEY SEE THE STORY. EVERYTHING ELSE DOESN'T MATTER.

>> Reporter: BUT HE IS ONE OF A CORE GROUP BENEFIT 20 PHOTOJOURNALISTS FROM ACROSS THE CONTINENT WHO SHARE CANDID IMAGES OF THE MUNDANE AND NORMAL. THESE IMAGES OF START OF AN INSTAGRAM-BASED PROJECTS STARTED BY TWO PHOTOJOURNALISTS IN 2012 CALLED "EVERYDAY AFRICA." IT IS FUNDED BY THE PULITZER CENTER AND HAS ATTRACTED OVER 100,000 FOLLOWERS.

>> PEOPLE SEE A PHOTO OF A KID WITH AN iPAD AND THEY SAY KIDS IN AFRICA HAVE iPADS? THAT IS THE DISCOURSE WE NEAT NOOED TO HAVE.

>> Reporter: THE PROJECT ISN'T NECESSARILY TAKING ATTENTION FROM AFRICA'S HARDSHIP BUT A MORE COMPLETE PICTURE OF THE AFRICAN EXPERIENCE.

>> I'M NOT AN ADVOCATE FOR PUSHING ONLY POSITIVE IMAGES BECAUSE THAT BECOMES PROPAGAND ABUT IN THE BIGGER SCALE OF THINGS, THE POSITIVITY, THE LAUGHTER, THE WARMNESS, THE HUMANITY, THE JOY, THE EXPERIENCES FAR OUTWEIGH THE NEGATIVES. Captioning sponsored by WNET Captioned by Media Access Group at WGBH access.wgbh.org

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>> HOW ARE Y'ALL DOING TONIGHT? I WANTS YOU TO CELEBRATE WITH ME. ♪ TURN THE BEAT AROUND LOVE TO HEAR PERCUSSION TURN IT UPSIDE DOWN LOVE TO HEAR PERCUSSION LOVE TO HEAR IT BLOW HORNS YOU SURE SOUND PRETTY YOUR VIOLINS KEEP MOVIN' TO THE NITTY GRITTY BUT WHEN YOU HEAR THE SCRATCH OF THE GUITAR SCRATCHIN'