The NewsHour Special Report : WETA : September 16, 2001 5:30pm-7:00pm EDT

Good evening, I'm Jim Lehrer. On this special edition of The NewsHour tonight, the developments in the story of Tuesday's hijacked airliner assaults, an interview with Transportation Secretary Norman Manetta. A look at today's prayers and memorials here and overseas, a report on the reaction from American Muslims, the views of New York Stock Exchange President Dick Grasso and others on the economic impact of the tragedy, how some college students in Minnesota see what happened, and the thoughts of our news hour SAS, Clarence Page, Roger Rosenblatt, Jim Fisher, and Taylor Fleming, and Richard Rodriguez. Major funding for The NewsHour with Jim Lehrer has been provided by. Imagine a world where no child bakes for food, while some will look on that as a dream, others will look long and hard and get to work, ADM, the nature of what's to come.

And by the Corporation for Public Broadcasting, this program was also made possible by contributions to your PBS station from viewers like you. Thank you. President Bush said today, the United States is on a crusade against a new kind of evil. He urged Americans to return to work and not be cowed by the suicide plane attacks on New York and Washington. He also said he gave orders to stay that were difficult, but necessary. Earlier on NBC, Vice President Cheney said the president ordered the military to shoot down any hijacked airliner still headed for Washington. That was shortly after two planes flew into the World Trade Center Towers in New York. U.S. combat planes were unable to act in time to prevent a third airliner from diving into the Pentagon, more than 5,000 people were killed in the attacks. A fourth hijacked airliner crashed in a Pennsylvania field.

The Vice President also warned today that nation's sheltering Osama bin Laden would face the full wrath of the United States. He's a prime suspect in the attacks and is thought to be living in Afghanistan. Today, he again denied involvement. But Pakistan announced it would send a delegation to Afghanistan demanding it hand over bin Laden. Also today, Secretary of State Powell told CNN a ban on foreign assassinations was under review. Attorney General Lancecroft said he would seek expanded wiretapping authority and transportation secretary Minetta announced an emergency task force on air travel security. Elsewhere, the victims of the attacks were remembered in religious services. Outside Rome, Pope John Paul II celebrated an outdoor mass for 40,000 people. Later he said he was heartbroken, but he appealed to the United States not to respond with hatred and violence.

In New York City at the World Trade Center site, the number of missing rows again to nearly 5,100. And major efforts continued to ready the financial district for reopening tomorrow. At the Pentagon, more of the roof collapsed the last night, but no one was injured. Today, workers continued moving deeper into the building. And Delta Airlines joined other major carriers announcing it would cut service by 20%. The details now, Vice President Cheney, and then President Bush talked about the events and decisions of Tuesday. The President's top advisors took to the airwaves and forced this morning. On NBC, Vice President Dick Cheney made his first public statement since the attacks. He was asked about criticism of the decision that the President go to strategic air command headquarters in Nebraska instead of returning directly to Washington as the attacks were unfolding

Tuesday. When you made the recommendation to the President, stay where you are, go to a secure facility in Nebraska, were you ever concerned that it ever entered your thought process that there would be criticism of the President for not coming back to Washington during a crisis? I didn't really think about it. It was such a clear-cut case in my estimation that the most important thing here is to preserve the presidency. We don't know what's happening. We know Washington's under attack. We don't know about who. We don't know how many additional planes are coming. We don't know what all is planned for us at that point. Within about 35 or 40 minutes, we've seen this unfolding of this monstrous terrorist attack. And it was absolutely the right decision. I have no qualms about it at all. President wanted to come back. We talked repeatedly during the course of the day. He made it clear he wanted back as soon as we thought it made sense. The Secret Service did not want him back. They even talked to me to try to get me to evacuate a couple of times, but I didn't want to leave the node that we'd established there in terms of having all of this

capability tied together by communications where we could, in fact, make decisions and acts. And if I'd left, gotten on helicopter and launched out to the White House, all of that would have been broken down. And we had the presidential succession pretty well guaranteed. So I thought it was appropriate for me to stay in the White House. The Vice President gave the first official confirmation that the military was ready to shoot down the fourth hijacked jetliner upon the order of the President before it crashed in Pennsylvania. So if the United States government became aware that a hijacked commercial airline was destined for the White House or the capital, we would take the plane down. Yes, the President made the decision on my recommendation as well. A wholeheartedly concurred in the decision he made that if the plane would not divert, if they wouldn't pay any attention to instructions, to move away from the city, has the last resort or pilots were authorized to take them out. Now, people say, you know, that's a horrendous decision. Well, it is. You've got an airplane full of American

citizens, civilians, captured by hostages, or captured by terrorists, headed in, are you going to, in fact, shoot it down, obviously, and kill all those Americans on board. You have to ask yourself, if we had had combat air patrol up over in New York, and we'd had the opportunity to take out the two aircraft to hit the World Trade Center, would we have been justified in doing it? I think absolutely we would have. Now, it turned out we did not have to execute on that authorization, but there were some a few moments when we thought we might, when planes were incoming and we didn't know whether or not there were a problem aircraft until they diverted and gone elsewhere and that will be the policy of the United States in the future. Well, the president will sure make a decision. If those circumstances arise again, it's a presidential level decision and the president made, I think, exactly the right call in this case to say, I wish we'd had combat air patrol up over in New York. Do we now have both war and recession? Quite possibly. We clearly have a war against terrorism and we don't know yet what the third quarter is going to be like, but if the economists come in and revise the second

quarter down in the negative territory in terms of the gross domestic product growth and the third quarter, fourth quarter, third quarter of the calendar, your fourth quarter. As the economic shock from this, if that comes in negative, then we'll have the definition to a negative quarter that would qualify as a recession. The president arrived at the White House from Camp David this afternoon. He was asked about his order Tuesday morning to shoot down suspicious aircraft. I gave our military the orders necessary to protect Americans, do whatever it would take to protect Americans. And of course, that's difficult. Never did anybody's thought process about how to protect America. Did we ever think that the evil doers would fly not one, but for commercial aircraft into precious U.S. targets? Never. And so obviously when I was told what was taking place, when I was informed that a unidentified aircraft was headed to the

heart of the Capitol, I was concerned. I wasn't concerned about my decision. I was more concerned about the lives of innocent Americans. I had realized they're on the ground in Florida. We were under attack. But never did our dream. We would have been under attack this way. That's what I say to the American people. We've never seen this kind of evil before. But the evil doers have never seen the American people in action before either. And they're about to find out. Thank you all very much. Now a newsmaker interview with Transportation Secretary Norman Manetta. I spoke with him earlier this evening. Mr. Secretary, welcome. Thank you very much Jim. I understand you were in the situation room at the White House with Vice President Cheney when the decision was made to shoot down an airliner if necessary. What were the circumstances? What was the situation at the time? Well actually that decision had already been made before I was there. And so I was aware

that that was the situation. But that I was not there during the discussion. I came in to the Operation Center probably about, must have been about 1920 to a 915 and 920. And so the decision about what to do with unaccounted aircraft was already made. At the time there was still one unaccounted for. Well actually at the time when you got there there were eight altogether, three were accounted for. So we essentially had six unaccounted for at the time. And then because there was a story about an airplane being down on the Ohio Kentucky border, well that turned out not to be the case. So we were able to eliminate the others and then got down to the point where there were four aircraft that we were looking for.

And two of them had already gone into the World Trade Center. And then the third was headed toward the Pentagon. And the word was that the the the the US military could shoot that plane down if it continued on an erratic target. Is that the what you're understanding? Well the the understanding of the standing order was that aircraft were to be kept away from restricted areas. And so what the specifics about what that action would be, I'm not sure. But I know that as the we were trying to account for the one airplane, there was this other that was coming up the river. And so there was some concern about that one. And your role, the Department of Transportation on the FAA's role in this whole situation was tracking the airplanes. Absolutely. And at the time, it's like anything else. When one of something occurs, it's an accident.

When two of the same things occur, it's a pattern. When three of the same thing occurs, it's a program. We knew that some I had heard that they're being in the operations that are with a vice president, something had happened at the Pentagon. We thought it was a bomb. And then there was some talk. No, it might have been a helicopter. Then it became apparent that it was a commercial airliner that had gone into the Pentagon. So then at that point, not knowing which airplane it was, I then called FAA and told them to bring all the airplanes down right now, get them to their destinations safely. And it's really amazing when you think about close to 2,200 aircraft being up in the air at the time. And through the work of the air traffic

controllers, flight deck crews of the airlines or private pilots, they were able to bring down close to 2,200 airplanes in less than two hours. Well, the new development today, as you know, much Secretary of the Vice President said earlier today that there wasn't order put out by the President. The decision was made by the President that if there was one of these airliners that seemed headed for a target that the U.S. military should shoot it down, you were aware of that as this thing was coming to a conclusion, correct? Well, I knew that there was something that had already been decided. And that's when this other airplane that was coming up the river and the question was, what do we do with it? And that was really outside of my jurisdiction, although I'm sitting at the table, but I had nothing to do with that portion of it. Yeah. What was the state of airline travel in the United States today? How did it go?

Today, we had roughly 4887 flights at 1250. So in terms of the operations of aircraft leaving and being in the air and landing, that represents about 65 percent of the normal flights that would be up, let's say, on a Sunday afternoon at 1pm. All of that went smoothly. The problem is because of the reluctance of people to fly, probably about 20 percent of those seats were filled in any one of those airplanes. There weren't too many people flying, and yet for these selected flights, there were still a lot of people at the airport because they're now having to not only go through the magnetometer, but they're also being wanted in terms of being there with their arms out and having someone go with a wand around their...

What about international flights? Where are they in terms of international flights? Are allowed to take off international flights inbound from what we call extraordinary airports are allowed to come in? Those are the... Those were the major countries in England, Scotland, Germany would have these flights coming in right now. Now, the new safety and security measures that you have in effect, are you, do you believe, is it fair to say that had they been in effect on Tuesday these hijackings would never have happened? No, I can't really guarantee that that might have been the case because anyone who is intent on getting around whatever can do so, you know, there are certain things that flag people, if you buy a one-way ticket, if you have no check luggage so that those are the ones the profile might say, check this

person out. So there are ways to do that. What we are trying to do now is we have put in these new extensive stringent security measures and what I've done is to form two response teams ready response teams and I've asked industry people to help us out on this. We have our internal DOT FAA people working on airplane security and another one on airport security. So on airport security, I've asked Ray Kelly former customs head and chief of the LA New York Police Department and also Chip Barkley, the head of the airport executives association and also Herb Keller from Southwest Airlines to help us out on the airport security side. On the airplane side, I've

asked Bob Baker from Vice Chairman of the American Airlines doing worth the captain of the airline pilots association and Bob Davis, a retired executive with Boeing and in the the flight attendants association to advise us as we're devising these rules or new stringent measures to advise us on the practicality and whether or not it's something that would really work. But as we sit here now, I would assume the average American should consider flying safe for not right now. Well, I think it is safe and I'll be boarding an aircraft later this week as I make some travels of my own and but I would board a plane today. I think the measures we have are good. I was at Baltimore Washington International Airport yesterday watching what was going on

and in talking to flight personnel and talking to the airline people at the desks. I think we have an increased level of scrutiny and that it is safe to fly. Now another issue of course is the financial impact this is having on the airlines, so United Airlines, American Airlines, Delta Airlines, Continental Airlines of all announced 20% cut and service Continental is going to lay off 12,000 employees. They're fears of bankruptcy. What is the Bush administration going to do about this? Well, as soon as this occurred on Tuesday, Wednesday I asked to one of our top staff people to look at the financial condition of the airlines because it was apparent that when you have airlines that collectively are taking in 250, 280 million dollars a day that all of a sudden to have those revenues cut off it's going to have an impact on the airlines when they have fixed

costs of let's say 170, 180 million dollars a day. So that's work got started on Wednesday and looking at the financial conditions and on Tuesday I will be meeting with the CEOs and their CFOs, their chief financial officers of the airlines and to take a look at this. There is a bill that is working its way in Congress dealing with direct reimbursement to the airlines for losses they've suffered from Tuesdays events as well as credits, loan guarantees, or other kinds of credit being extended to airlines for making sure that their financial condition is maintained. So it's something you feel the federal government has some responsibility for. Absolutely because the other problem is you have a New York State law that says airlines are liable for collateral damage. Well just the damage or the liability from the

twin towers going down would stop American Airlines United Airlines writing its tracks today. Back to the security issue for a moment the one airport that is not reopened is Reagan National Airport here in Washington. There's some speculation that it may never reopen is that correct? Well I would not go as far as to say that it may never open up again. There are security considerations with a Pentagon the White House CIA writing the direct flight path into Reagan National Airport. What we have said is that we will allow departures to the south and arrivals from the south of Reagan National Airport but nothing is to depart to the north or arrive from the north at Reagan National Airport. The problem is that that limits the,

but those aren't even schedule flights now that you're allowing to arrive into part right? That's right right now we're just trying to clear the airplanes out of there right. But in order to try to plan for the scheduled operations of the airlines they will have to all depart to the south or arrive from the south and that would be very restrictive and also in terms of the type of aircraft that would then be able to use Reagan National Airport but we will be doing that in conjunction with the National Security Council in terms of what our recommendations do. Who will ultimately make that decision? The National Security Council will make that. This is not going to be a security issue. That's right not a transportation. In general terms adding up everything that you know and that is in place and in the works at this moment has flying or traveling by airplane in this country change forever. It has. There's no question from the time of

since Tuesday all of the I think national transportation systems are going to be different but aviation itself has dramatically changed. Where we used to think about hostage taking on an airplane now we have to look at the airplane itself being the weapon and so it has changed aviation dramatically since Tuesday. All right. Mr. Secretary thank you very much. Thank you Jim. Still to come on the news hour tonight the day of prayers the return of Wall Street the economic aftermaths the reactions on a college campus and our essays the day of New York and a race war is.

From above you can see the scope the extent of the destruction around the place with a world trade center stood down below search teams sifted through the debris still looking for survivors bulldozers continued to clear some of the 450,000 tons of rubble from the two buildings. It's still officially a search and rescue operation despite the new estimates of the missing 50 100 in rising. This morning Mayor Rudy Giuliani cautioned that they may not find anyone else alive. The hope is still there that we might be able to save some lives but the reality is that in the last several days we haven't found anyone and the reports of their being activity of some kind although there have been several of those I imagine because there's so much of a feeling and so much of a sense that we want that to be true those reports have are not true. Please raise your right hand repeat after me. The mayor promoted 166 firefighters today many of them filling posts

of the firefighters and officers who died in Tuesday's attacks. Nearby there's a memorial site for the 180 confirmed dead and for those still missing people have left flowers, cards, candles, and flags. Well I just feel so sad so I wanted to help just wanted to do something. Union Square has been the site of public demonstrations in New York for well over a century. This one wasn't organized just the result of hundreds and hundreds of people who felt they had to do something. I would like to take this moment to give my condolences to all those who lost their lovers and all who lost sons, brothers, wives, husbands and to let them know that they're not alone. The New York knows how to come together. Jose Locara left his messages for the grieving. Pamela Solomon Mcaby kissed her Hebrew scripture and touched it to the faces of the dead.

I pray for the people that are left behind. They're loved ones. They're children. The people they saw every day that were affected by this terrible, terrible thing. I cannot dig in the rubble, but I can pray for these people and I can pray really hard for their families. I can pray so hard that I believe that if enough of us pray we can open the gates of heaven so that these souls can just cross over and the families will feel comfort. That is what I believe. Jose Reyes simply lit candles when they blew out in the morning breeze and Miguel Santiago played his saxophone for his neighbors and hoped there might be a non-violent end to this story begun in so much violence. I'm a veteran of four wars, Vietnam, Beirut, Grenada, Panama. We don't need it anymore, but I want to thank the divine one that I can see my city come together

at a time like this and just see that this may turn into something positive. A public park, a secular temple in the open air rang with Santiago's music. Two miles uptown, a choir sang Gabriel Fore's moving requiem. The kind of crowds that would normally pack Saint Bartholomew's Episcopal Church at Easter or Christmas filled every last seat for a special service of remembrance and hope. In his sermon, the rector William Tully talked of the love of New Yonkers for their city and their faith in the future and after the vast congregation shared the bread and wine of the Eucharist, they closed with fanfare for the common man. A hopeful verse of we shall overcome

and a rousing star-spangled banner. For those of you who may just be joining us, this is a special addition of the news hour already in progress and we go now to the services of remembrance and prayer elsewhere

in the world today, Tom Bearden reports. Peritioners filled Washington National Cathedral and other area churches this morning for services that were full of somber reminders of the grim week before. At the National Shrine at Catholic University, special prayers were offered for the country. May he support grieving families and loved ones and strengthen the thousands of valiant rescue workers whose distressful, doleful task is far from over in the rubble of New York and the Pentagon and Pennsylvania. America's loss was mourned at the Vatican as well during this morning's mass, Pope John Paul II offered a prayer saying he was heartbroken by the attacks, but he asked families, friends and survivors to show restraint and maintain peace even in the wake of their loss. In Denver, people also turned to their religions for consolation,

a series of special prayer services have taken place all week. On Friday, Catholics came in droves overflowing the cathedral of the Immaculate Conception. Try to the end, suffering are what we find our fate. That's what we are here. Suffering is what God uses to wake us up to our purpose in the world. It is suffering, not comfort, that draws us into the heart of God. It is suffering, not comfort, that teachers have to leave a children of God. Across town, Muslims also answered the call to prayer at the Denver Islamic Center. He said the basic tenets of Islam condemn those who attack America,

his message relayed by a translator. The attack on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon in New York, NDC, is completely refuted in Islam and is not accepted under any circumstances for the killing of civilians and innocent people is absolutely prohibited in our religion. Islam is above what a small group of deranged murderers have plotted and committed, regardless of their origin. We call on the American people locally and nationally to not pass judgment on Islam and the Muslims. For we are your neighbors, your friends, your co-workers. We have made this country our home. Your hurt is our hurt, your pain is our pain, your children and your loved ones are our children and loved ones.

At the end of the service, worshippers collected donations for the injured rescue workers and families. The service took place under the watchful eyes of county sheriff's deputies, who have been on station at the mosque since Tuesday. They arrested a man who said he had an AK-47 assault rifle in his car, but a search turned up nothing. Later on Friday evening, there was also an overflow crowd at Temple Emanuel, where they began the service by singing the Israeli national anthem. Rabbi Stephen Foster warned against unfairly targeting people of Arabic descent. You know, dear friends, we, we, above all, we should not be in this position of saying,

get the Arabs, get the Muslims. I know deep inside when this whole thing happened, we said to ourselves, if it was anybody, I hope it was an Arab who did it, because we want the whole world to see the Arabs like that. But when we do that, we begin to see every Arab as an evil human being. That's not true. Just as many people see all of us as evil, and we don't like it, we cannot place that tag of evil on others. Rabbi Foster said some members of his congregation are emotionally devastated. Others are angry. This man came up to me before I had to speak, and he says, Rabbi, what do you think we should do? And I said, well, Freddie, I think we should slow it down a bit. He says, I think we should bomb the hell out of him. And I said, who?

He said, I don't know, but we should bomb the hell out of him. And, and I gave this talk, and afterwards, he said, Rabbi, I was a good talk, but I don't, I still don't agree with you. So there are a few people who, who don't, and I think the sander heads are going to have to prevail in this. Pastor Rick Ferguson also senses a wide range of emotions. He leads Riverside Baptist Church, which has some 4,000 members. Hi, since emotions running the entire gamut, the emotion of grief, I think an entire nation probably is mourning now, given what's happened, certainly I've heard the emotion of anger, and then a mindset of bewilderment, what we do, how do we respond, particularly how should Christians be responding to all of this? Why do people turn to religion in times like this? I think there's a tendency in human nature to be self-sufficient and independent and to run our lives independently, but then we hit a wall, we realize our resources, our sufficiency, has its limits, and it's at that point that we discover,

that we discover, we have to trust God. There's no place else to turn, and so people are compelled then to turn to God whose resources are limitless. Pastor Ferguson expected a large crowd at the first service this morning, and he wasn't disappointed. He chose to address several fundamental questions, he said Christians face, including the question of retaliation. Jesus said, blessed are the peacemakers, for they shall be called the sons of God, and obeying these directories from Christ protects us from becoming bitter and angry people, obeying these directories from Christ protects us from turning into the kind of people like the people who carried out these murderous attacks. A few miles away at Macedonia Baptist Church, Reverend Paul Martin told his flock that prayer is the answer. God says through his word that prayer of the righteous avail of much, we are the righteous, we are God's chosen people,

we are the ones who ought to be praying for sanity, but praying also for justice. Reverend Martin said that like the others, his congregation is fearful and angry and wants justice. We have preached and taught that vengeance and anger belong, what we can be angry, and I think there is some anger, but vengeance, the vengeance side. We've been taught that it belongs to God. I think what we are seeing emerge, though, is a real concern that those who are responsible will be brought to justice, and that if it takes some kind of military action or activity to find out who they are, where they are, then I think justice is something that we are all looking for, and that vengeance, but justice. If the Dendorite who came to their houses of worship this week, be it a church, a synagogue, or a mosque, shared sadness, anger, and fear, they also shared something

else, patriotism. As Tom Bearden said, the American Muslim community has particular concerns, Jeffrey Kay of KCET Los Angeles has another part of that story. Like other Americans across the country, Muslim students at the New Horizons School in Los Angeles, remember the dead and in. Only half the school of 78 students showed up Thursday. Fear kept many parents in their children away. She reassured the students in attendance.

Boys and girls, I would like you to tell your parents that we are very glad that you came to school today, and we do have lots of security, and we need to see all of you here in school every day. There is apprehension throughout LA's Muslim community, estimated a quarter of a million people. Many Muslims and Arab Americans remember how they unfairly became targets of suspicion after the Oklahoma City bombing. This week, the offices of the Muslim Public Affairs Council, an advocacy group received messages of hatred soon after Tuesday's attacks. And then another email by a different person, go to hell you. If an Arab devil will have a revenge, and then there's another one. Are you getting them then, please?

Yeah, we're getting them, and the ones that we're able to treat, we're just pouring into the FBI. In this office, stories have also been coming in about anti-Muslim incidents around the country. Incidents ranging from graffiti in Los Angeles to gunshots fired into an unoccupied Texas mosque. I think we need to get together and listen to each other. And, phone call by phone call, Sarah Elton Tawi is trying to stave off hatred. First of all, when people say things like we need to wipe all those people out, it's what's behind that is that people don't think that these people are Americans just like them. As they field calls into the office and reach out for support, the staff has two main messages. America's six million Muslims are part of the mainstream, and their religion, Islam, does not condone terrorism. Elton Tawi says she herself got a taste of fear after the attacks. I was threatened on the area yesterday. I was did a KFI radio show, and I got a death threat on the air.

Live. Hello? On the 10 freeway, you're on the Johnny Ken Show. The program she appeared on hosted by Ken Cobilton, John Shambo, is a staple of Los Angeles talk radio. We should make a list of every terrorist against the United States in the last 20 years. Then what you do is you get them all around a time square, watching the monument, you line them up, and you're summarily executed. No trial, no speeches. You just execute them as war criminals. Here, outrage is an essentially ingredient of the programming. We haven't gotten a single call from anybody looking at the humanitarian side of this. I remember during the Gulf War, there were people who said, slow down, we shouldn't do this. This is wrong, innocent people are going to get hurt. We shouldn't be killing over oil. You don't hear any of that so far in the first three days. These people have a right to be angry. I mean, we lost thousands of people here. And how could you not even be human if you weren't angry? You should be allowed to express it on the public airwaves in America. But can angry words on the airwaves lead to angry actions.

That's what war is, Lieutenant Joe and Palazzari. He has the recently founded Hate Crimes Unit of the LA Sheriff's Department. It seems like the media in the talk show venue seems to be fueling a lot of this hostility. And I think that they really need to exercise some some responsibility here. And rather than inflaming, I think that they need to be just a little bit more balanced in how they present this. Because right now, the psyche of our nation is just so fragile that really those little sparks could just lead to major force fires. To prevent those fires from starting, Muslim leaders are trying to forge alliances with other groups. Fundamentally, we are all human beings. And beyond that, we are all simply Americans. On Wednesday, they hosted an interfaith gathering at a mosque. They're also discussing ways to show their support for their country. As an organization, impact should make a significant donation of the Red Cross

for disaster relief involved. There's a lot of organizations, particularly Muslim organizations, they're trying to organize a blood drive. I suggest that we corny with them and have a one blood drive on behalf of the entire Muslim community. You know those organizations, do you? Yes. Yet as Muslims reach out to others, they're also wary about their own communities, welfare, and safety. Our teachers, most of them have the proper scarf on their head for as Muslims. And they are afraid. They are afraid to go out, to come to the school, even when the school opens. And my assistant over here, she walks to her home, it's very close. I wouldn't make her walk in the street yesterday. I wasn't sure of her safety. For protection, Muslims have turned to law enforcement. Police have responded with a visible presence at Islamic events and buildings. They are also responding to reports of harassment of people often confused with Muslims, like Indians, Armenians, and Italians.

Lieutenant Impelizeri says police are taking hate crimes much more seriously now than in the past. Our level of responses has changed dramatically. I think that we are in a much more high profile role now with the community. I think that our delivery service to the communities is a much higher, more sophisticated level. Muslim activists Omar Ritchie has been heartened by support from local law enforcement. Law enforcement agencies around the nation have been very proactive. This is, I think, a monumental leap. I think 10 years ago of this, something like this had happened. We may not be in the same position. There could have actually been people being killed at this point. 12 greats, that's wrong. Ritchie joined an inter-denominational prayer vigil outside Pasadena City Hall Thursday night. Here, despite their anxieties, Muslims stood with their fellow Americans,

praying, singing, and hoping that wisdom and compassion will guide their country's actions in the dangerous days ahead. Sorry about the technical problem at the beginning of that tape. You ended up missing nothing. We just started it all over again. Still to come on the news hour tonight, what the tragedy may have done to the economy, what some college students are thinking, and what is on the mind of S.A.S. Roger Rosenblatt, Richard Rodriguez, Jim Fisher, Clarence Page, and Anthe Taylor Fleming? Spencer Michaels begins our focus on the economy. Until Tuesday, the World Trade Center's twin towers were the world's most visible symbols of capitalism, anchoring the skyline of New York acknowledged as the world's financial center.

Many of the estimated 50,000 who worked in the towers were Wall Street bankers, traders, brokers, economists, and business lawyers. They worked for the more than two dozen financial firms with offices there, including Merrill Lynch, City Group, Morgan Stanley, and Oppenheimer. Some of those firms have rented space in New Jersey to continue operations. Just five blocks from the rubble sits the world's largest market for buyers and sellers of stock, the New York Stock Exchange. Normally a place that sees $20 billion change hands daily, the exchange has been shut down since Tuesday's attacks. The four-day closure is the longest since the Depression. The NASDAQ and the American Stock Exchange have also been closed, although the Chicago mercantile exchange reopened on Thursday. Foreign exchanges have continued trading, and most of them have seen lower prices. European stocks punched 5% on Friday, and Tokyo's stocks hit a 17-year low on Thursday,

but partially rebounded the next day. Even before the attacks, the U.S. economy was on the cusp of recession. The gross domestic product was growing at a 0.2% rate. Unemployment was at its highest level in four years, and U.S. stocks were at their lowest since 1998. Since Tuesday, more bad news, Ford has cut factory production by 13% because it can't get parts. General Electric has lowered its profit outlook because of losses from its insurance arm, and the price of crude oil is climbing to $30 a barrel because of uncertainty in the mid-east. To help the fragile economy, the Federal Reserve last week pumped $45 billion into the banking system, so lenders have enough cash on hand for loans. Email entitled a personal retaliation was one of several circulating around the country, urging Americans to buy stocks or a product that supports the economy as a patriotic way to fight

terrorism. An early test of the economy comes tomorrow morning when the New York Stock Exchange opens for business. Technicians have been testing out the exchanges' communications and other systems this weekend in anticipation of a busy Monday. The man overseeing the effort to get the New York Stock Exchange back up and running is its chairman, Dick Grasso. I spoke with him a short time ago. Welcome, Dick Grasso. Thank you, Gwen. So where do you stand on the logistics of getting the New York Stock Exchange up and running tomorrow? Well, Gwen, I'm very proud to tell the American people and some 85 million American investors that we're ready to go, 9.30 tomorrow morning. Communications, transportation, it sounds like you have a lot of things to get going. Well, to the credit of thousands of people from the federal government, to the state government, certainly to the city of New York, all agencies of government law farms with the private sector, surface transportation, subway, water, all of the conduits

requisite to bringing up the world's most admired marketplace are in place, ready to go, and we're ready to send a message to these criminals they've lost. Explain to us how you're making this work. How do you get the phone lines to work again? How do you get all those thousands of workers in place in time for an opening down? Well, to the credit of literally all of the private sector providers, whether it's communication services, the wonderful people at Verizon have worked continuously since the tragedy. Power, the folks at Con Edison where they can't deliver conventional power, have provided for generation on site. Transportation, the wonderful folks from the transit authorities here in the city of New York and in the neighboring boroughs and certainly the neighboring states have worked hand in glove with us under the leadership of FEMA, our mayor here, and all of his team so that as of tomorrow morning, to the extent that one needs to commute to lower Manhattan's

financial district by subway, by bus, by water, all of those services are available and I must thank every one of those public agencies when and certainly our private sector partners from Verizon and Con Edison and so many others will work to make tomorrow a possibility. Are you bracing for stocks to take a big hit tomorrow? Well, I think there is lots of speculation, but you know, one thing that the criminal element that foisted this heinous crime upon America never understood was that you can take innocent lives as they have in its tragic and we mourn their loss. You can destroy property, but you can't destroy the American way of life. You can't destroy the idealism of this country. Capitalism lives when and I think that the unification that we've seen led by our president, both sides of the aisle politically have come together,

this rally together may well indeed produce a very large surprise to people. Yes, for your hoping for a rally tomorrow. Well, I'm not as much concerned about the performance of the market tomorrow when, as I am mindful to remind your viewers that the American way of life goes on, our economy is the strongest in the world. We've had great tests before, be the national tragedies or economic dislocations. We've grown, we've prospered and we'll do that again. Washington Post reports today that some major securities firms will be allowed to band together to buy blocks of stocks to offset any kind of flood of sell orders. Can you confirm that? Well, going, I think as the SEC's brilliant chairman Harvey Pitt and the Treasury Secretary have said, America's capital markets, as we've known them, the freest in the world, the deepest, the most admired from a regulatory standpoint, will be smooth functioning,

they'll be no attempt to manipulate the free market process. Investors understand, America is strong, whatever happens tomorrow clearly will be looked back by those who have a long-term patient view. If indeed, there is a dislocation as a terrific opportunity. Tomorrow, you're going to have a group of firefighters and other rescue workers actually ring that opening bell. What message do you hope for them to send? Well, it's a way I believe of the people, not just here in New York, but around the nation, thanking some extraordinarily talented individuals from all branches of the service. Who, as we speak, are still crawling through that rubble in the hopes of finding one more personal eye, Gwen. It's a way of our nation, certainly our city, saying to the bravest, the finest in all of the agencies who are right now in that pile that was once those two shining towers, thank you. We shall never forget your lost ones, and certainly we shall never

forget what you've done for America. Dick Rosso, good luck tonight and tomorrow. Thank you, Gwen. Thank you. Now we move on to the broader economic issues facing the nation. For that, we're joined by Susan Phillips, Dean of the George Washington University School of Business and Public Management. She was a member of the Feds Board of Governors from 1991 to 1998. And Gail Fosler, Chief of Economist at the Conference Board, a New York-based business research organization. Welcome. Gail Fosler, how important is it as the president said it earlier today for America to get back to work tomorrow? Well, I think it's tremendously important. The economy who was in a very fragile state, as your segment suggested, this is an incredibly disruptive event for everyone, not just for the people who are in New York, but all around the country. There has been tremendous disruption.

And so it's going to be very difficult not to compound the impact of this event with some self-eating impacts that come from people being cautious, frankly, being scared. So Susan Phillips, what do we look for tomorrow? What are the indicators that will tell us whether this is going well or going badly? Well, clearly everyone will be looking to see what happens, of course, at the stock market. As the financial wheels get going tomorrow, I mean clearly it's very important that things go smoothly and that the markets open and that trade gets up and up and going. I think on a longer term basis, we really have to see whether or not consumers pull back or whether or not they continue to spend. One of the headlines in one of the newspapers today was, is recession inevitable. So I left that headline to ask you that question, is it now? Well, I wouldn't say it's inevitable, but I do think it's going to depend on how people react. Not only consumers will clearly get a

fiscal stimulus because of the spending that's going to occur just to deal with this tragic situation. So there'll be some fiscal stimulus, but consumers, I mean, it's really everybody acting together that makes a difference with respect to economic growth. Another headline, this one said collateral damage. In this case, it was talking about the travel industry and the electricity industry. And all these industries, which are affected, all the stores simply closed down when this happened. And I think that that to go to Susan's answer. I mean, we're not really going to know what the underlying tone of the economy is for quite some time, because there really is some absolute losses. There is activity that will never take place. Again, there's losses in hours. There's going to be very disruptive kinds of evidence coming through in terms of the economic data. And the real question is, has some of this activity

simply been displaced in time, meaning that people will go out and will eventually buy the car and make the commitment on the house and the remodeling, or has there been a permanent effect? Do we have yardsticks for measuring this that even work anymore? Well, I think that our economic information system works pretty well, and the consumer confidence index, the conference consumer confidence index, I think does tell a lot about what's happening on the ground to individuals, how they're perceiving it, and that calculus that's sort of uniquely human as to whether they are concerned and whether they're going to pull back. I guess what I'm thinking also though is that this is something that's never happened before. There's no way to know how people react to something that's never happened before. How do you account for that? Is there anything in history that would give us a guide? Oh, gosh, I think you really have to go back to a major war, something even much more disruptive.

I know, for example, the Fed will be trying to take the pulse of various retailers, so there'll be a lot of ways to collect information, to try to see how quickly things are getting back on track, but we only get consumer confidence periodically. We only get some of the economic data periodically, but there are a lot of ways. One way, look at the parking lots in shopping malls, those are the kinds of things that we're going to have to put together to try to assess the impact. You just mentioned the Fed, and Spencer Michaels mentioned the Fed's infusion $45 billion this week. What did that do? What was that intended to do? Well, one of the most important things to do is to make sure the financial system continues to work, and whenever there is a crisis, even a hurricane, people tend to turn to a cash economy, and if they have cash, they're able to make the purchases they need.

They don't have cash. There's a concern about panic, and if banks start to run out of cash, then people feel like they can't get loans. Just sort of normal business can't occur. So one of the most important things for the Fed to do is to make sure that banks are able to continue to operate. They have the cash to keep the ATM machines filled up so that people can continue with their normal lives. Normal lives. What are normal lives, especially economically after this, and how do the markets or how does the president or how does anyone go about forcing that at this point? Well, I think that normal lives, you know, we economists tend to think of people as little rational beings, and they move around. You know, they make very rational calculations. If interest rates go down, they respond, gas prices go up, they respond, and clearly we're going to have to suspend the rational man assumption here, because I don't think anyone in America feels

particularly rational during this time. But I think that, in taking out a point of what Susan said, this liquidity and what is certainly to be very, very low interest rates. The Fed and the federal government are going to step in with almost unprecedented support to try to make those incentives so attractive to people that they will set aside their uncertainty, they'll set aside their sense of loss and mourning, and that they'll go about their business, and they'll do those normal things that we find it kind of hard to conceive of at this point in time, and that will reinforce some of the more positive indicators that we had before this event occurred. And will it offset some of the more negative, for instance, how do the airline industries manage for consumer jitters after this kind of an episode? Oh, there's going to have to be a lot of not just public relations, but education and explanation of the various kinds of new safety

techniques and procedures that are put in place. And I think we're all thinking about, we've got to move forward, but we're going to look back, and that I think is going to be a bit of a mantra as we move forward on the same subject, consumer jitters. I think that there will be more security. I had a little personal experience during this past week, and when someone said to the policeman, do I get back on this train, the policeman said, this is the safest train in the United States, ma'am. Well, we will probably have security personnel on planes that we will not be able to recognize. We will have much more serious security checks. And I think that the airlines are actually preparing for people certainly for some extended period of time to fly less by virtue of the cutback announcements that we've already seen. Kale Foslar and Susan Phillips. Thank you both very much. Thank you.

Now another perspective on Tuesday's terrible events. The next day, Terence Smith spoke with a group of college students in Minnesota. The horror caused by the terrorist attacks in New York and Washington rippled across the country to St. Paul, Minnesota, and the campus of McAllister College. The 1700 plus students at this private liberal arts school come from nearly every state and 72 foreign countries. They lost no immediate family members. But in a conversation with the news hour, the students said they felt the impact in strong and personal terms. My first reaction was to cry, which I did, because I have a lot of friends in those buildings. And my second reaction was disbelief. And I mean, it's just a horrible tragedy. And then I got angry. Angry. Yes. At home.

Whoever did this at America, part of my anger, towards this country, for the security at the airports. A lot of people, I wanted to blame a lot of people. I was completely silent, not really knowing what was going on. And I actually saw the second plane hitting the second tower, like, you know, live. And just complete shock. I mean, I just didn't know what to believe. But I spent the whole day, like, kind of, you know, worrying about my family. I called my family and then, as soon as I found out they were all right, you know, I just wanted to know more information about, like, who did this and why is it this serious? Because it never seemed like, you know, like, foreign relations were this serious until this point. It didn't actually hit me until I went into our student center. And I was able to watch on CNN that, yeah, it was New York City, that the World Trade Center, the two towers. It was just covered in smoke and it was burning and a lot of mayhem. And that's when I actually

started thinking about, wow, I'm not too far from there where I live. Maybe time blocks and 10 blocks? I think 10 or so. I live in the Chinatown area. And so it was a shock. Um, of course, I'm trying to call home. It's kind of impossible with all the circuits, busy and whatnot. And I guess I've been lulled into a false sense of, oh, not a false sense, but just into a sense of security, living here. I was born and raised in New York City all my life. And so I would never think of such atrocities happening. I had this feeling of identification in a way. Um, I didn't know anybody directly there, but somehow I felt the sense of identification with all those around me who, who did have family there, who had friends there. And he's difficult for me to deal with.

Tell me more about that feeling that you say you have a banger. Oh, yeah. I don't know how to explain it. I'm just, I'm angry that someone would do something like this, kill thousands and injure hundreds of others, innocent people who are coming to work every day. The first reaction was terrible sadness and tears and emotions and prayers for the families and for the people that have died. But the second reaction is that anger because you can't do anything with the sadness. What have you thought of the statements that the president and the members of the cabinet have made? Have they been reassuring to you or what? Well, I actually haven't heard it or again, I haven't been able to get back on the tongue again since then. What? Um, there's... It's hard to watch. I think I just needed a breather. I guess to collect my thoughts and

those emotions. When you look at this country, you look at it differently? How can I not look at it differently? I've grown up my entire life with this sense of invulnerability. You know, how could we be touched? And we can and we haven't and it's difficult for me to take. Recurring throughout President Bush's address the other night, we heard his reassurance that we are strong and he seemed to be trying to hit this point home relatively hard and that's a difficult thing to believe after you see the events that have taken place in the past couple days. What's happened to the term innocence or your notion of innocence as a result of this? Personally, I've lost my innocence like many others I think in my own generation and those people who are of my age. We've lost her innocence as a country.

Much of what we've talked about is how we never believe that this could happen to us and it has. So we were all. It can happen. It has happened. It can and it has. Certainly. What do we not only conclude from this, but what do we do about it? I think we conclude first of all that terrorism is a type of threat that we're going to be facing more in the 21st century that intercontinental ballistic missiles and building a missile defense is probably not where we should be investing our money and that we should focus on these invisible subnational groups who are largely motivated religiously, who don't care about the consequences or acts, who feel it's their duty to strike at America, who are not going to be deterred by any of our military power or retaliation. And I think when dealing with terrorist attacks, prevention is our only protection. Should we retaliate? Yes, we should retaliate. Retaliation is necessary. How do we retaliate? I don't know. I don't know what the proper course

or what the most productive course of action would be, but we can't stand in what this happened. I don't think the government has any right to retaliate or we, as the American people, have any right to retaliate until we know exactly who did it. And we can't justify bombing innocent families and children in other countries just because one terrorist is there and he is responsible. We are going to be touched by people who are angry at this country and who will kill innocent people to get their point across to the government. Do you personally feel less safe? I feel very unsafe. I am scared to fly home. I called my father and I said I need to be home for some funerals and he said no. Don't fly here. Don't come to New York. I'm glad you're in Minnesota. I was just a day before it happened on Monday telling someone thank God New York has all the security and we've never been really bombed and nothing bad has ever happened. And then to find

out the news on Tuesday is just heartbreaking. Is there finally any sort of attitudinal change that we have to go through? I think individuals have to be willing to change. If we're approaching this as not even thinking that this is devastating and we're not willing to change then nothing is going to change. Individuals must not forget what happened on September 11th and I think we do that and we'll learn a great deal from these events. Remember it so that. So that doesn't happen again. Okay thank you all very much. And finally tonight some closing thoughts from our news hour essayist and to Elizabeth Farnsworth in San Francisco. And we hear now from our regulars they are Richard Rodriguez of the Pacific New Service Jim Fisher of the Kansas City Star New York writer Roger Rosenblatt Los Angeles

writer and Taylor Fleming and Clarence Page of the Chicago Tribune. Richard in the LA Times today you called what America faces the prospect of the abnormal. It's not what we're used to is it? No it's not what we're used to and I think that whole notion of going back to normal is now an impossibility for us as citizens. As with those kids we're saying the students indeed and in some large a way I'd think that the largest misnomer of the last few days has been that word terrorism because well I think that we have lost the sense of the normal. The notion of terror is not exactly the right description to describe the people we've become in the last few days. I noticed in the first hours of this tragedy shock more than terror and now I'm noticing these other emotions anger grief and so forth and this extraordinary hunger in America for what I call the mundane to water the lawn to finish the crossword puzzle to go back to work not because we will recover the normal but because in some sense we want the mundane to overcome our sense of

the extraordinary. Jim Fisher how would you characterize what's what we've been through? I think it's been it's altered us I think it's probably made us more aware of what really counts that to provide for the common defense is what the government is aren't about and if you go back a week or two weeks and you'd look at the papers and the TV you would find that we were a people that were picking on each other like a little kid with a scab on his knee just picking away this lockbox this congressman that endangered species this and that and not that that's not important but that in the last week is all gone by the wayside. Antater Fleming and what ways do you see that we've changed? Oh I think completely and irrevocably and I think that we finally have a irrevocable understanding that the planet is minute that we are no longer protected by the oceans that there are people

in the world that hate us and hate us with a desperate suicidal rage and that we are going to have to deal with that in a much more assertive way than we ever thought we were going to have to we were certainly this soon. Back to Richard's notion of wanting the mundane again part of me hopes that we don't quite go there yet that the lessons of this need to stay with us that the sense of us being part of the globe and having to deal with the globe not just in the terrorism rain but after that that we are now of this planet and we have to be much less self-absorbed than we have been much more wary and engaged with the world than we have been and I hope we take those lessons that is the grief and anger and all of that mix settles out we understand that we're now tethered to the fate of the rest of the world in a way that we just didn't feel before.

Roger Rosenblatt what do you see that's changed? One change we have is that this will mark the end of the age of irony for 30 years just about as long as the twin towers were up we've been operating under an attitude that things were not to be believed in that nothing was quite to be taken seriously and that nothing was real nothing could have been more real than the savage zealots who hit the twin towers and the Pentagon and who caused the plane to go down in Pennsylvania so one change certainly will be that the smirk on American intelligent life the the idea of giggling and thinking that nothing was serious that's certainly going to change but there was something that occurred earlier in the show too that I just wanted to comment on I was just doing public radio for four hours each day in the middle of the week this week talking to people out in the area of the eastern Long Island in southern New England and quite opposite the talk radio fellow who was talking from Los Angeles almost everybody who responded there responded generously with great kindness

with great concern desiring to volunteer and so forth and if one wanted a heartening view of America the beautiful it was available on radio out here at any way this week. Roger I'm going to come back to the other essayists about what they're hearing from people but Clarence before I do Clarence page how do you see what's changed and one of your columns this week you wrote about a terrific need for patients that you see. Well that's a strategic outlook part of what I would call if I can borrow from my Richard's elegant reference to the search for the for the abnormal if you will I don't call this the the new abnormal I call it the the new normal we are Tuesday the world changed Tuesday the world changed for us Americans life changed for us just as it changed for my parents generation with Pearl Harbor I've spent these last 50 years wondering what Pearl Harbor was really like I've heard my parents describe it now I feel I know what it was

like and I also call Tuesday the end of Pox Americana a ten-year period that began with the fall of the Berlin Wall at a period of great prosperity world peace American dominance we felt a false sense of security which collapsed along with the World Trade Center we now have the war I've been waiting for what do I mean by that I'm a Vietnam era veteran I was drafted unwillingly I like many others my generation said well you know if our country was being attacked I feel differently but as you know Muhammad Ali was saying you know the Viet Cong never called me any names but well you know you can't say that now we've been attacked nothing concentrates the mind like a sneak attack on your country that unifies us now liberal conservative across racial lines across class lines it saddens me as I have in my new column that there is this anti Arab backlash or backlash I guess anyone who looks foreign who looks Middle Eastern that is sad but the vast majority

of Americans have pulled together in a way that tells me this is the new normal we are going to approach this and we're going to win Richard the new normal what are you hearing yourself in your own life and when you watch the television you listen to the talk shows well how do you what strikes you in people's response you heard what Roger said I'm getting what Roger said also I find that the communal spirit in America seems to be strongest when people feel the common hurt rather than a common anger and the the example of the fireman and the policeman in New York has been extraordinary for Americans to watch that the sense of their heroism is somehow definitive of the mood of the country at this moment but there is there is with this sense of of a country coming together in pain there is I think no optimism about the future that is we are we everyone has a sense that we have to do something we have to retaliate we have to seek military action but we also understand from the example of the Israeli government which has pursued this policy of tit for tit for tit for for for some time now without success that

whatever this this this this this this biology of anger is now in the world that it's going to create more anger it's going to it's going to incite more and that there is that seems to me a tragic sensibility where we know we have to do something that is not going to finally end this but we are going to do it anyway it seems to me that the notion of of a society that we are creating the notion of community is coming out of a sense of the tragic not out of a some sense in the 1940s that we are going to get this enemy and we are going to put a final period at the end of the paragraph that we write Jim Fisher how do you see that you heard what Clarence said we're going to be able to succeed in this or do you see the more tragic case that Richard has laid out for us I can remember sitting on the couch with my father in December 7th 1941 and remembering Pearl Harbor so I would say that it of course my being foreign being 64 is it's hard to tell you that it was exactly the same as I remember everything the same but I think

there's a there's a real parallel there but I don't see what's wrong with anger I would guarantee you that one of the things that you're going to see and I've been thinking about this and I've talked to other people about it this phenomena we've had the last few years called air rage I would be willing to bet a dollar to a donut that air rage is now over because if somebody gets up at a 737 flying between Kansas City and Phoenix and it looks like a Scandinavian hero of a Scandinavian movie and his drug and starts raising Kane he's going to get the whale card out of him by the fellow pastors people need to be angry at certain times in life and I think if you go back to World War II we were angry we won I don't see that anger is always bad if it's something that we should say always should never be angry I think it's a it's a very healthy thing we haven't been angry enough Clarence Page I want to come back to you because

you were more optimistic than Richard how do you respond to what Richard said well I understand Richard's emotions or what his thoughts and I would never argue with Richard he's just too good but the fact is that we do have a situation in which sometimes tragedy as I said before concentrates the mind pox Americana made us spoiled in my view we had economic prosperity we had a crime rate the lowest in 30 years we had a declining welfare rate you know at the time of the Millennium celebration remember we arrested a man who was on his way to blow up Los Angeles airport all by all indications that actually made us more snoozy we felt more confident hey we can lick these terrorists they're not so smart we already have these guys who tried to blow up the World Trade Center and they failed I think in all of the investigations we're going to see now we will see that we were just a little too optimistic a little too complacent and we got to be kind

of hard-nosed now and make some new decisions they're saying the Cold War the same World War II it ain't Vietnam it ain't World War III as we imagined it it is something quite new but we got to approach it like a war and we got to win I think we will Roger Rosenblatt how do you see what lies ahead you've heard the president and other leading officials of the administration say that this could be a long campaign there could be a need for great sacrifice from Americans you think Americans can make that kind of sacrifice take casualties for example yeah I do I the it's very hard to to know and to deal with an enemy that on the one hand you can't find on the other doesn't seem to care whether or not he dies in his cause as a matter of fact from what we learn the death is a kind of reward for the cause so we're dealing in a situation where everything is elusive and very hard to hit but coming back to our own attitudes I must say that you're referring getting you know going back to that public radio talk that I was doing with

people in a rather large area for many hours this week there was anger but there was an admixture of anger and mostly sorrow I think most of us are still headed for a sorrowful zone no matter how normal our other thoughts are and there was resolve and there was the idea that we are certainly going to try to wipe away this enemy before this enemy wipes us away since it is really a genocidal attack on America Americans now become the the target but is there the resolve to to win this war with all those other feelings I think certainly and Taylor Fleming how do you see the question of resolve I think Rogers right I would certainly agree with him I see a lot of resolve I see mostly grief I don't see much anger I would use instead of the word anger I see outrage and I think if you listen to people in the streets or even on the shows and the

students who were on this just before we came on there's a sense that it that it is a long haul that there isn't an instant solution I mean I've heard people this week say on on shows you know the American people aren't patient when asked to be patient the American people will be anything if it's explained appropriately and if they understand what they're enlisted in you know I guess I would argue with Richard a little at peril probably but but along with the tragic I'm sort of where Clarence is I mean there was a sense of a great oh self-trivialization over the last eight to ten years I mean if you look at the media a few weeks ago what were we seeing Gary Conda than the sexual pecadillos of our leaders I mean what I'm hoping if that was the mundane let it be gone let us understand the gravity of our position in the world let us understand the unutterable gift of being American and how fragile and magical the idea of freedom is and how threatening it is to people but let us also understand the hatred

that's being generated places and again I go beyond the terrace what I'm hoping out of this is that we look beyond the immediate and see that in parts of the world there is hatred directed at us that is not turning suicidal but might and that we really need and have a chance finally to address that in ways that are myopia and our narcissism of the last stretch of years has has precluded so you know I guess out of my desperate sorrow and outrage I am optimistic on some level thank you all very much for being with us and we'll see you online and again here tomorrow evening at our regular time with our continuing coverage of the September 11th tragedy and it's many many aftermath so I'm Jim Lara thank you and good night major funding for the news hour with Jim Lara has been provided by

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