PBS NewsHour; August 11, 2011 6:00pm-7:00pm PDT

Captioning sponsored by MacNEIL/LEHRER PRODUCTIONS

>> Woodruff: WALL STREET SNAPPED BACK TODAY ON SOME POSITIVE ECONOMIC NEWS. OVERSEAS, MARKETS REBOUNDED SLIGHTLY, DESPITE WORRIES OVER EUROPEAN BANKS. GOOD EVENING, I'M JUDY WOODRUFF.

>> Warner: AND I'M MARGARET WARNER. ON THE "NEWSHOUR" TONIGHT, WE ASSESS THE CAUSES AND THE IMPACT OF THE UP AND DOWN SWINGS HERE AND ABROAD.

>> Woodruff: THEN, WE EXAMINE THE MEN AND ONE WOMAN NAMED TO THE CONGRESSIONAL SUPER COMMITTEE TASKED WITH SOLVING THE DEBT CRISIS.

>> Warner: WE UPDATE THE RIOTS IN BRITAIN, AS THE POLICE AND THE COURTS GO AFTER THE LOOTERS AND THE PRIME MINISTER VOWS TO STOP THE MAYHEM.

>> THIS IS NOT ABOUT POVERTY, IT IS ABOUT CULTURE-- A CULTURE THAT GLORIFIES VIOLENCE, SHOWS DISRESPECT TO AUTHORITY, AND SAYS EVERYTHING ABOUT RIGHTS BUT NOTHING ABOUT RESPONSIBILITY.

>> Woodruff: FROM IOWA, DAVID CHALIAN PREVIEWS TONIGHT'S FACE- OFF AMONG REPUBLICAN PRESIDENTIAL HOPEFULS, AS TEXAS GOVERNOR RICK PERRY ANNOUNCES PLANS TO JOIN THE FIELD.

>> Warner: AND BETTY ANN BOWSER PROFILES THE MAN IN CHARGE OF MEDICARE AND MEDICAID AND HIS VISION FOR REFORMING HEALTH CARE.

>> I DON'T WANT TO WITHHOLD A SINGLE PIECE OF CARE FROM ANYBODY THAT NEEDS IT. I DON'T WANT TO CUT COSTS BY HARMING A HAIR ON ANYBODY'S HEAD. WE'RE WISE ENOUGH TO IMPROVE OUR WAY TO BETTER CARE.

>> Woodruff: THAT'S ALL AHEAD ON TONIGHT'S "NEWSHOUR." MAJOR FUNDING FOR THE PBS NEWSHOUR HAS BEEN PROVIDED BY: ♪ ♪ MOVING OUR ECONOMY FOR 160 YEARS. BNSF, THE ENGINE THAT CONNECTS US.

>> LAST YEAR, CHEVRON MADE A LOT OF MONEY.

>> WHERE DOES IT GO?

>> EVERY PENNY AND MORE WENT INTO BRINGING ENERGY TO THE WORLD.

>> THE ECONOMY IS TOUGH RIGHT NOW, EVERYWHERE.

>> WE PUMPED $21 MILLION INTO LOCAL ECONOMIES, INTO SMALL BUSINESSES, COMMUNITIES, EQUIPMENT, MATERIALS.

>> THAT MONEY COULD MAKE A BIG DIFFERENCE TO A LOT OF PEOPLE.

>> AND BY THE BILL AND MELINDA GATES FOUNDATION. DEDICATED TO THE IDEA THAT ALL PEOPLE DESERVE THE CHANCE TO LIVE A HEALTHY PRODUCTIVE LIFE. AND WITH THE ONGOING SUPPORT OF THESE INSTITUTIONS AND FOUNDATIONS. AND... THIS PROGRAM WAS MADE POSSIBLE BY THE CORPORATION FOR PUBLIC BROADCASTING. AND BY CONTRIBUTIONS TO YOUR PBS STATION FROM VIEWERS LIKE YOU. THANK YOU.

>> Woodruff: THE STOCK MARKET'S MOMENTUM SHIFTED YET AGAIN TODAY AND THE DOW JONES INDUSTRIAL AVERAGE GAINED MORE THAN 400 POINTS. THE SURGE MADE UP MOST OF THE GROUND THAT WAS LOST A DAY EARLIER. THE ACTION WAS FURIOUS AGAIN ON THE NEW YORK STOCK EXCHANGE, BUT THIS TIME, TRADERS WERE CHASING A RALLY. STOCKS SHOT BACK UP ON SIGNS THE ECONOMY MIGHT NOT SLIDE BACK INTO RECESSION AFTER ALL. THE U.S. LABOR DEPARTMENT ANNOUNCED FIRST-TIME MONTHLY CLAIMS FOR JOBLESS BENEFITS HAD FALLEN BELOW 400,000 FOR THE FIRST TIME IN FOUR MONTHS. AND CISCO SYSTEMS-- A HIGH-TECH BELLWETHER-- REPORTED BETTER- THAN-EXPECTED PROFITS. IT WAS A MUCH-NEEDED TONIC, AND THE DOW GAINED 423 POINTS TO SETTLE AT 11,143. THE NASDAQ ADDED MORE THAN 111 POINTS, ENDING THE DAY ABOVE 2,492. IN HOLLAND, MICHIGAN, TODAY PRESIDENT OBAMA ACKNOWLEDGED THE GYRATIONS ON WALL STREET AND POLITICAL DYSFUNCTION IN WASHINGTON, BUT HE REJECTED APPEALS TO CALL CONGRESS BACK FROM ITS VACATION.

>> IN AFTERMATH OF THIS WHOLE DEBT CEILING DEBACLE AND WITH MARKETS GOING UP AND DOWN LIKE THEY ARE, A LOT OF TALK IN WASHINGTON THAT I SHOULD CALL CONGRESS BACK EARLY. THE LAST THING WE NEED IS CONGRESS SPENDING MORE TIME ARGUING IN D.C. WHAT I FIGURE IS, THEY NEED TO SPEND MORE TIME OUT HERE LISTENING TO YOU AND HEARING HOW FED UP YOU ARE.

>> Woodruff: THE U.S. JOBS REPORT ALSO SEEMED TO BOOST EUROPEAN MARKETS AFTER THEY'D BEEN DOWN FOR MUCH OF THE DAY. FRENCH STOCKS AGAIN HAD TO FIGHT RUMORS ABOUT THE HEALTH OF THE BANK SOCIETE GENERALE, ITS VALUE DROPPED 15% YESTERDAY. TODAY, THE BANK ASKED FOR A GOVERNMENT INVESTIGATION INTO WHERE THE RUMORS ORIGINATED.

>> ( translated ): SOME PEOPLE CERTAINLY THOUGHT THERE IS SOME MONEY TO BE MADE BY SPECULATING ON THE BANK STOCKS. SO THEY CAUSE A FALL WHICH HAS NO CONCRETE MOTIVATIONS, NOT BASED ON FACTS. IT IS PURELY SPECULATIVE. SO, THEY CAUSE THE FALL, THEN IT GOES UP AGAIN AND PEOPLE POCKET THE PROFITS.

>> Woodruff: INDEED, SPECULATING ACROSS EUROPE PROMPTED BOTH FRENCH AND ITALIAN OFFICIALS TO BANNED THE PRACTICE OF SHORT-SELLING. THAT'S WHEN INVESTORS SELL A SECURITY THEY DO NOT DIRECTLY OWN AND PROMISE TO BUY IT BACK LATER, HOPING THE PRICE WILL DROP AND THEY CAN CASH IN. MARKET LEADERS COMPLAINED IT'S UNDERMINING CONFIDENCE.

>> ( translated ): NO, IT CANNOT BE EXPLAINED, IT IS A HYSTERIC NERVOUSNESS OF THE INVESTORS WHO ARE AT THE MOMENT MAINLY SPECULATORS WHO ARE PLAYING THE MARKETS, SERIOUS LONG TERM INVESTORS ARE STAYING AWAY.

>> Woodruff: INVESTORS WERE ALSO KEEPING AN EYE ON ON ITALY, THE SECOND LARGEST ECONOMY IN EUROPE. THE FINANCE MINISTER TOLD PARLIAMENT TODAY THAT TOUGH MEASURES ARE NEEDED TO BALANCE THE BUDGET BY 2013 AND SHIELD THE COUNTRY FROM THE EURO-ZONE DEBT CRISIS. ANOTHER WILD DAY HERE AND ABROAD MEANS, YES, ANOTHER ATTEMPT TO MAKE SOME SENSE OF WHAT'S REALLY HAPPENING. TO DO THAT TONIGHT, WE TURN TO: ANDREW ROSS SORKIN, BUSINESS WRITER AND COLUMNIST FOR THE "NEW YORK TIMES." HE'S ALSO A CO-ANCHOR ON THE CNBC PROGRAM, "SQUAWK BOX." AND CATHERINE MANN, AN ECONOMIST WHO WATCHES INTERNATIONAL FINANCE AT BRANDEIS UNIVERSITY. SHE'S ALSO A VISITING FELLOW AT THE PETERSON INSTITUTE FOR INTERNATIONAL ECONOMICS. WE THANK YOU BOTH FOR BEING WITH US. ANDREW ROSS SORKIN, I'M GOING TO START WITH YOU SINCE YOU ARE COVERING AND WATCHING THESE MARKETS CLOSELY. YESTERDAY DOWN, TODAY UP. WHAT'S GOING ON?

>> IT IS A MARKET THAT'S BEING FED BY EMOTION. IT'S BEING FED BY FEAR, IT'S BEING FED BY PANIC AND IT'S BEING FED BY GREED AT THE MOMENT. FUNDAMENTALS ARE NOT WHAT THIS MARKET IS ABOUT RIGHT NOW. THERE IS STILL REAL WORRY ABOUT WHAT IS GOING ON IN EUROPE. PROBABLY EVEN MORE THAN WHAT'S GOING ON IN THE U.S. EXCEPT FOR THE FACT THAT THERE IS A VIEW THAT THERE COULD BE A CONTAGION THAT WE COULD ULTIMATELY BE INFECTED. BUT WHAT IS REALLY HAPPENING IS WHAT THEY CALL IN THE MARKET, HEADLINE RISKS. PEOPLE WAKE UP IN THE MORNING AND SEE THE HEADLINES AND ARE TRADING OFF THE HEADLINES. WHAT'S HAPPENING IN EUROPE RIGHT NOW IS THERE IS STILL A SEVERE WORRY ABOUT WHAT'S GOING TO HAPPEN TO ITALY AND SPAIN. DO THEY HAVE TOO MUCH DEBT? AND WHO OWNS ALL OF THAT DEBT? WELL, THE BANKS IN FRANCE. THE BANKS IN GERMANY, THE BANKS IN THE U.K. THEY OWN THE DEBT OF THE COUNTRY AND THEY OWN THE DEBT OF COMPANIES IN THOSE COUNTRIES. SO THE VIEW IS IF ITALY AND SPAIN CAN'T ULTIMATELY COME UP WITH A PLAN TO PAY OFF THEIR DEBT WHO IS GOING TO GET HID THE-- HIT THE HARDEST, THOSE BANKS. IF THOSE BANKS GET HIT THE HARDEST, THEY WILL STOP LENDING. IF THOSE BANKS STOP LENDING, THEIR ECONOMIES WILL START FALLING. IF THEIR ECONOMIES, AND THAT MEANS MOST OF EUROPE'S ECONOMIES START FALLING, OUR ECONOMY STARTS FALLING. YOU ADD ON TOP OF THAT A REAL DISCONNECT IN THE UNITED STATES ABOUT WHAT'S HAPPENING WITH GOOD CORPORATE EARNINGS, AND YET A VIEW THAT WE'RE GOING INTO OUR OWN SLOWDOWN, AND YOU CAN UNDERSTAND HOW EVERY SINGLE DAY, ONE DAY IT'S UP AND UNDAY IT'S DOWN.

>> Woodruff: THAT'S A LOT TO WORRY ABOUT. CATHERINE MANN, DO YOU SHARE ANDREW'S ANALYSIS?

>> BASICALLY I THINK THAT'S A VERY GOOD ANALYSIS. THE ONLY THING I WOULD ADD TO THE MARKET BEHAVIOR IS I THINK THERE IS A LOT OF PROGRAM TRADING THAT IS LEADING TO SOME OF THE GYRATIONS. IT'S NOT JUST PEOPLE WHO ARE WAKING UP IN THE MORNING AND SAY OH, I SEE THE HEADLINE AND I SHOULD TRADE, EITHER BUY OR SELL. I THINK SOME OF IT IS BEING DRIVEN BY STOP LOSS ORDERS AND BUY ORDERS WHEN IT HITS THE FLOOR. AND THAT'S WHY IT'S GYRATING SO MUCH AT THE UPS AND DOWNS. WITH REGARD TO EUROPE, ONE OF THE FEELS I THINK IS MOST INTERESTING ABOUT THE SITUATION WITH REGARD TO EUROPE IS THAT THERE'S NOT ANY NEW NEWS. IF ANYTHING, WE GOT NEW NEWS ABOUT THE STATE OF OUR ECONOMY WHEN THE NATIONAL INCOME AND-- ACCOUNTS WERE REVISED DOWN, NOT ACROSS-THE-BOARD BUT IN MOST RESPECTS. THAT HASN'T HAPPENED IN EUROPE. IT'S JUST A REOPRO SESING OF THE SAME NEWS OVER AND OVER AGAIN. AND WITH A FEW RUMORS ADDED IN, ACCORDING TO SOCIETY GENERALE. SO BY AND LARGE, I THINK WHAT THE EUROPEAN SITUATION, IT'S A ROLLING SET OF, THERE'S NOT ANY NEW NEWS. MAYBE I SHOULD LOOK AT THE OLD NEWS AGAIN. MAYBE I SHOULD LOOK AT THAT ENGO AND SEE HOW THINGS HAVE CHANGED.

>> SO THAT'S-- ANDREW, THAT'S HOW INVESTORS DECIDE WHAT TO DO, BY LOOKING AT OLD NEWS AGAIN?

>> WELL, I THINK THERE REALLY IS A LONG-TERM CONCERN ABOUT EUROPE. AND THERE REALLY IS AN ISSUES THAT'S GOING TO COME TO A HEAD. AND THE QUESTION IS WHEN DOES IT COME TO A HEAD. I THINK ALL INVESTORS ARE TRYING TO FIGURE OUT WHAT IS THE ULTIMATE END GAME IN EUROPE. AND THAT IS AN ISSUE THAT PEOPLE KEEP COMING BACK TO AND THEY'RE TAKING DIFFERENT PIECES OF DATA AND DIFFERENT HEADLINES, AND OF COURSE MAKING DECISIONS. BUT YOU KNOW, THE ISSUE OF WHAT'S CALLED HIGH FREQUENCY TRADING AND ELECTRONIC TRADING THAT SHE JUST MENTIONED IS ABSOLUTELY RIGHT. THE REASON WHY YOUR YOU'RE SEEING THESE HUGE GAINS AND HUGE LOSSES IS BECAUSE THERE ARE PEOPLE WHO ARE MAKING THESE DECISIONS BASED ON THE HEADLINES. BUT THEN THERE ARE COMPUTERS, MACHINES EFFECTIVELY TAKE OVER AND EXACERBATING THE UPS AND THE DOWNS. BECAUSE WHAT THEY'RE LOOKING TO DO, THESE ARE MACHINES WITH ALGORITHMS THAT ARE LOOKING TO PICK UP PENNIES, LOTS OF PENNIES IN MANY INSTANCES BUT THEY'RE LOOKING FOR ONE STOCK TO GO UP AND DOWN AND THEY SEE DIFFERENT CORELATIONS. THAT'S REALLY EXACERBATING THE BILLING MOVES IN VOLATILITY WE'RE HE ISING IN THE STOCK MARKET THESE DAYS.

>> AND CATHERINE MANN HOW DOES WHAT AFFECT THE ODE PERSON, THE ODE INVESTOR OR IS THERE SUCH A THING ANY MORE?

>> WELL, THERE'S A GOOD QUESTION IF YOU ARE AN ODE INVESTOR I CERTAINLY HOPE THAT YOU'VE HAD YOUR HEAD IN A PILL-- HEAD IN A PILLOW OVER THE PAST FEW DAYS. OTHERWISE IT WITH BE A HORRIBLE EXPERIENCE. BUT I THINK WHAT THESE GYRATIONS DO FOR NOT JUST THE ODE INVESTOR BUT ALSO THE PERSON ON MAIN STREET, IS IT'S CEMENTS THEIR VIEW THAT, OF THE DISCONNECT BETWEEN WALL STREET, THE BIG COMPANIES WHETHER THEY'RE FINANCIALS OR NONFINANCIALS, THE BIG PROFITS THAT SOME COMPANIES GET BY TRADING ON A HIGH FREQUENCY AND THE UPS AND THE DOWNS, AND THE AVERAGE PERSON ON MAIN STREET. THE DISCONNECT THERE AS BEEN THERE FOR A WHILE. IT'S BEEN WORSENED BECAUSE. LACK OF CREDIT BEING EXTENDED TO MAIN STREET, AS, EVEN THOUGH THE BANKS HAVE GOTTEN BETTER N BETTER SHAPE THEY HAVE NOT EXTENDED ANY CREDIT TO MAIN STREET. AND SO THAT DISCONNECT IS WORSE. AND THEY REALLY FEEL LIKE WALL STREET IS OUT TO GET THEM AND THEY'RE PROBABLY RIGHT ABOUT THAT.

>> CATHERINE MANN YOU ARE SAYING THAT IS THE CASE BOTH IN THE U.S. AND IN EUROPE?

>> WELL, CERTAINLY THE CASE IN THE U.S. I THINK IN EUROPE THERE IS A LITTLE BIT OF A DIFFERENT SITUATION THERE. BECAUSE MORE BIG COMPANIES FUND THEMSELVES THROUGH THE BANKING COMPANY. MOST ARE BIG COMPANIES. THEY FUND THEMSELVES THROUGH THE EQUITY MARKETS, THE BOND MARKETS AND SO FORTH. BUT IN EUROPE THE BIG COMPANIES DO DEPEND ON THE BANKING SYSTEM A LITTLE BIT MORE FOR THEIR CREDIT AVAILABILITY. AND SO TO THE EXTENT THAT THEY WORRY ABOUT THE STABILITY OF THE BANKING SYSTEM THERE, THE BIG COMPANIES DO HAVE A LITTLE BIT MORE TO WORRY ABOUT. HOWEVER THE POINT I WOULD LIKE TO MAKE ABOUT THIS, THE DEBT CRISIS AND THE SOVEREIGN ISSUES IN EUROPE, WE NEED TO GO BACK TO THE LATIN AMERICAN DEBT CRISIS FOR SOME STRUCTION HERE. AND THAT, IS THAT IF YOU TAKE TEN YEARS TO TRY TO RESOLVE A SOVEREIGN DEBT CRISIS, THE COUNTRIES THAT ARE INVOLVED HAVE A DECADE OF LOSS. THAT HAPPENED IN LATIN AMERICA. THERE ARE WAYS TO RESOLVE THE DEBT CRISIS, MAYBE IT DOES INVOLVE SOME HAIRCUTS ON THE PRINCIPAL OR ON THE INTEREST RATE OR THE TERMS OF THE MATURITY. THAT'S WHAT THEY'VE BEEN TALKING ABOUT WITH GREECE, SOME VOLUNTARY ISSUES. IF THAT'S GOING TO HAVE TO BE DONE THAN YOU MIGHT AS WELL DO IT TO YOU AND NOT HAVE EUROPE SINGING IN THE WIND FOR TEN YEARS.

>> Woodruff: ANDREW ROSS SORKIN, HELP US, EXPLAIN TO US, IF YOU WOULD, HOW BIG A FACTOR IS WHAT'S GOING ON IN EUROPE IN THE INSTABILITY UNCERTAINTY HERE IN THE U.S.

>> I THINK EUROPE, IT'S FUNNY. YOU KNOW, WE HAVE THE S&P DOWNGRADE HERE IN THE U.S. AND CLEARLY THE MARKETS MOVED ON THAT. OR AT LEAST WE THOUGHT THE MARKETS MOVED ON THAT. I WOULD ARGUE WE THOUGHT THE MARKETS WERE MOVING ON WHAT WAS HAPPENING IN EUROPE AND THE ADDITIONAL NEWS COMING OUT OF EUROPE. AS YOUR OTHER GUEST SAID IT WASN'T BIG NEWS BUT AGAIN PEOPLE ARE GOING BACK TO THAT, AND IT IS JUST THAT UNCERTAINTY. IT'S UNCERTAINTY IN EUROPE, THAT IS MOVING THE MARKETS. THERE IS A REAL IMPACT ON THE ECONOMY. I THINK WE WILL SEE IT WHEN WE HE IS NUMBERS IN SEPTEMBER. AND IT'S SOMETHING WE ALL SHOULD WATCH OUT FOR. ALL OF THIS UNCERTAINTY WHEN WE READ THESE HEADLINES THIS WEEK HERE IN THE U.S. OR IN EUROPE, IT MEANS PEOPLE AREN'T GOING OUT AND BUYING THINGS. IT MEANS THE ECONOMY UNTO ITSELF WILL SLOW SIMPLY BECAUSE OF THE UNCERTAINTY. AND IT ALSO MEANS PEOPLE ARE SAYING NOT ONLY IS THERE A DISCONNECT BETWEEN CORPORATE AMERICA AND WALL STREET BUT THEY ARE SAYING MAYBE I SHOULDN'T BE INVESTING IN THE STOCK MARKET AT ALL. THERE WAS A MOMENT WHERE IF YOU HAD BOUGHT INTO THE S&P 500 TEN YEARS AGO, THIS WEEK YOU WOULD HAVE ACTUALLY BEEN DOWN. AND SO THIS IDEA, THIS LONG-TERM IDEA THAT, YOU KNOW, YOU INVEST IN THE MARKET AND WILL YOU MAKE MONEY, IN 401(k) PLANS, ALL OF THIS UNCERTAINTY IS RAISING REAL QUESTIONS ABOUT OUR OWN REAL ECONOMY.

>> Woodruff: TAS'S A TOUGH ONE TO DIGEST. ONE MORE THING I WANT TO ASK YOU, ANDREW ROSS SORKIN, AND THAT IS WE HAVE BEENARYING ALL OF THESE CLIENTS ABOUT WASHINGTON FROM THE ANALYSTS IN THE MARKETS THIS WEAK AND LAST WEEK, THAT WASHINGTON'S DYSFUNCTIONAL, IT'S NOT ABLE TO MAKE A DECISION. SO TODAY PRESIDENT OBAMA SAYS I'M NOT CALLING CONGRESS BACK FROM VACATION. WE'RE TO THE GOING TO TRY TO DO SOMETHING QUICKLY TO ADDRESS THE DEBT PROBLEM. DOES THAT AFFECT WHAT'S GOING ON IN THE MARKETS AND THE ECONOMY OVERALL?

>> YOU KNOW, REALLY IT COULD CUT BOTH WAYS. THERE IS SOME ARGUMENT TO BE MADE THAT ACTUALLY IF THEY CAME BACK THEY WOULD JUST CREATE MORE UNCERTAINTY AND WE WOULD HAVE, YOU KNOW, EVEN MORE DAYS LIKE THE ONES WE'VE JUST SEEN. THERE IS ANOTHER ONE TO BE MADE THAT MAYBE IF WE GIVE THEM A LITTLE TIME TO CALM DOWN, THE MARKETS CALM DOWN, PEOPLE COME BACK IN SEPTEMBER, MAYBE COOLER HEADS WILL PREVAIL. BUT I DO THINK THAT THE MARKETS HAVE SEEN WHAT'S HAPPENED IN WASHINGTON. THEY'VE CONSIDERED IT TO BE QUITE UGLY. THEY HAD HOPED FOR A PLAN THAT WOULD COME TOGETHER AT LEAST MORE QUICKLY OR IN A WAY THAT LOOKED LIKE THERE WAS SOME MORE ORDER TO IT. AND I THINK THAT'S WHAT HAS PEOPLE A LITTLE MORE SKITTISH COMING INTO THIS FALL.

>> Woodruff: AND CATHERINE MANN, JUST QUICKLY, HOW DO YOU SEE THAT, WHETHER IT MAKES ANY DIFFERENCE, WHETHER CONGRESS IS BACK, WHAT THE PRESIDENT SAID?

>> IF THE DEBT CRISIS AND THE DEBT CEILING WAS REALLY THAT IMPORTANT, IF IT WAS THAT IMPORTANT TO PUT ON THE U.S. ECONOMY ON A PATH TO FISCAL RECTITUDE, I THINK CONGRESS SHOULD BE BACK. I THINK THEY SHOULD BE WORKING ON IT NOW. SO I THINK IT'S A MISTAKE TO LET THEM GO HOME.

>> Woodruff: ALL RIGHT. WELL, WE WILL, I KNOW WE'RE GOING TO BE COMING BACK TO ALL THESE ISSUES AGAIN. AND WE THANK YOU BOTH FOR BEING WITH US. CATHERINE MANN, ANDREW ROSS SORKIN, THANK YOU.

>> THANK YOU.

>> THANK YOU.

>> Warner: STILL TO COME ON THE "NEWSHOUR": THE TASK AHEAD FOR THE CONGRESSIONAL DEBT COMMITTEE; WHAT'S AT STAKE FOR REPUBLICANS IN IOWA; WHAT'S BEHIND THE RIOTS IN BRITAIN AND ONE MAN'S VIEW ON FIXING HEALTH CARE. BUT FIRST, THE OTHER NEWS OF THE DAY. HERE'S HARI SREENIVASAN.

>> Sreenivasan: A ROADSIDE BOMB IN SOUTHERN AFGHANISTAN KILLED FIVE MORE U.S. TROOPS TODAY. THE U.S. MILITARY DID NOT RELEASE DETAILS OF THE ATTACK. IT CAME LESS THAN A WEEK AFTER 30 AMERICANS DIED WHEN TALIBAN MILITANTS SHOT DOWN THEIR HELICOPTER. IN ALL, AT LEAST 50 MEMBERS OF THE NATO-LED FORCE HAVE DIED SO FAR IN AUGUST. WITNESS ACCOUNTS OF THAT DEADLY HELICOPTER CRASH IN AFGHANISTAN ARE NOW EMERGING. LOCAL AFGHANS GATHERED TODAY AT THE CRASH SITE-- A LARGE CRATER LITTERED WITH SMALL PIECES OF THE CHINOOK HELICOPTER. ONE AFGHAN MAN SAID HE SAW THE ATTACK THAT DOWNED THE CHOPPER ON SATURDAY.

>> ( translated ): WHEN THE HELICOPTER ARRIVED HERE IT WAS 2:30 AM AND AROUND THAT TIME THE HELICOPTER WAS HIT BY AN R.P.G. FROM THAT AREA. RIGHT AFTER IT WAS HIT, IT STARTED BURNING AND CRASHED.

>> Sreenivasan: ALSO TODAY, THE PENTAGON RELEASED THE OFFICIAL LIST OF THE 30 AMERICANS KILLED, INCLUDING THEIR NAMES, AGES, AND HOMETOWNS. THEY INCLUDED 17 NAVY SEALS AND FIVE OTHER NAVAL PERSONNEL, PLUS THREE AIR FORCE SPECIAL OPERATIONS TROOPS AND THE ARMY HELICOPTER CREW OF FIVE. EIGHT AFGHANS WERE KILLED AS WELL. IN SYRIA, GOVERNMENT TROOPS KILLED 11 PEOPLE AS THE CRACKDOWN ON DISSENT INTENSIFIED. ACTIVISTS SAID IT HAPPENED IN A TOWN NEAR LEBANON. AND SECURITY FORCES BACKED BY TANKS RAIDED ANOTHER TOWN NEAR THE BORDER WITH TURKEY. AT LEAST 100 PEOPLE WERE ARRESTED THERE. THE U.S. HAS PLEDGED ANOTHER $17 MILLION IN FAMINE RELIEF FOR THE HORN OF AFRICA, MOSTLY FOR SOMALIA. THAT MAKES $580 MILLION IN U.S. AID FOR THE REGION SO FAR THIS YEAR. SECRETARY OF STATE HILLARY CLINTON ANNOUNCED THE ADDITIONAL HELP TODAY. AND, SHE CALLED FOR EFFORTS TO BREAK THE CYCLE OF FAMINE.

>> FAMINE CONDITIONS IN SOMALIA ARE LIKELY TO GET WORSE BEFORE THEY LEVEL OFF. AND WHILE WE HURRY TO DELIVER LIFE-SAVING ASSISTANCE, WE MUST ALSO MAINTAIN OUR FOCUS ON THE FUTURE, BY CONTINUING TO INVEST IN LONG-TERM FOOD SECURITY IN COUNTRIES THAT ARE SUSCEPTIBLE TO DROUGHT AND FOOD SHORTAGES.

>> Sreenivasan: MORE THAN THREE AND A HALF MILLION PEOPLE IN SOMALIA ALONE ARE NOW AT RISK OF STARVATION. THOSE ARE SOME OF THE DAY'S MAJOR STORIES. NOW, BACK TO MARGARET.

>> Warner: THE MAKEUP OF A CONGRESSIONAL SUPER-COMMITTEE ON DEFICIT REDUCTION WAS COMPLETED TODAY. HOUSE MINORITY LEADER NANCY PELOSI NAMED THE THREE HOUSE DEMOCRATS TO THE 12-MEMBER PANEL WHICH FACES A TIGHT DEADLINE TO FORGE A CONSENSUS OR ELSE. THE SUPER-COMMITTEE WAS CREATED IN THE DEBT CEILING COMPROMISE THAT PRESIDENT OBAMA SIGNED INTO LAW LAST WEEK TO AVERT A DEFAULT ON U.S. DEBTS. CO-CHAIRING THE GROUP WILL BE REPUBLICAN CONGRESSMAN JEB HENSARLING OF TEXAS AN DEMOCRATIC SENATOR PATTY MURRAY OF WASHINGTON STATE. THEIR COMMITTEE MUST FIND AT LEAST $1.5 TRILLION IN DEFICIT SAVINGS OVER TEN YEARS AND MAKE ITS RECOMMENDATION BY THANKSGIVING FOR AN UP-OR-DOWN VOTE IN THE HOUSE AND SENATE. FAILURE TO PROPOSE A DEAL, OR TO WIN CONGRESSIONAL APPROVAL, WILL TRIGGER $1.2 TRILLION IN AUTOMATIC SPENDING CUTS. THAT MEANS SUPER-COMMITTEE MEMBERS HAVE TO GET PAST THEIR PARTIES' LINES IN THE SAND. DEMOCRATS-- LIKE SENATE MAJORITY LEADER HARRY REID-- HAVE INSISTED ENTITLEMENT SPENDING CUTS AREN'T ON THE TABLE UNLESS HIGHER TAX REVENUES ARE, TOO.

>> THE ONLY WAY WE CAN ARRIVE AT A FAIR ARRANGEMENT FOR THE AMERICAN PEOPLE WITH THIS JOINT COMMITTEE IS IF WE HAVE EQUAL SHARING. THERE HAS TO BE EQUAL SPENDING CUTS. THERE HAS TO BE SOME REVENUE THAT MATCHES THAT.

>> Warner: BUT IN THE DEBT CEILING DEBATE, REPUBLICANS INSISTED THERE BY NO TAX INCREASES AND SENATE REPUBLICAN LEADER MITCH McCONNELL SUGGESTED THAT WOULD CONTINUE.

>> AND TO THAT END, OUR FIRST STEP WILL BE TO MAKE SURE THAT THE REPUBLICANS WHO SIT ON THE POWERFUL COST-CUTTING COMMITTEE ARE SERIOUS PEOPLE WHO PUT THE BEST INTERESTS OF THE AMERICAN PEOPLE AND THE PRINCIPLES THAT WE'VE FOUGHT FOR THROUGHOUT THIS DEBATE, FIRST.

>> Warner: ARGUING AGAINST ANOTHER DEADLOCK-- STANDARD AND POOR'S STATED REASONS FOR DOWNGRADING THE GOVERNMENT'S TRIPLE-"A" CREDIT RATING LAST FRIDAY. THE RATINGS AGENCY SAID POLITICAL BRINKSMANSHIP HAD MADE AMERICA'S ABILITY TO MANAGE ITS FINANCES LESS STABLE, LESS EFFECTIVE AND LESS PREDICTABLE. FOR MORE ON WHAT THE MAKEUP OF THE SO-CALLED SUPER-COMMITTEE TELLS US, WE ARE JOINED BY ANDREA SEABROOK, CONGRESSIONAL CORRESPONDENT FOR NATIONAL PUBLIC RADIO. AND NORMAN ORNSTEIN, CONGRESS- WATCHER AND RESIDENT SCHOLAR AT THE AMERICAN ENTERPRISE INSTITUTE.

>> WELCOME BACK TO BOTH OF YOU. SO NORM, AS WE LOOK AT THE MAKEUP OF THIS SUPERCOMMITTEE APPOINTED BY THE LEADERSHIP OF ALL THE VARIOUS, BOTH HOUSES AND BOTH PARTIES, WHAT DOES IT TELL YOU ABOUT HOW EAGER THEY ARE TO GET A DEAL?

>> WELL, FIRST IT IS A LEADERSHIP-DRIVEN COMMITTEE. AND IF YOU LOOK ON THE SURFACE IT'S A LITTLE TROUBLING. THE DEMOCRATS REPRESENT THE DEMOCRATIC PARTY. THAT MEANS THEY'RE OFF OFF ON THE LEFT OF IDEAOLOGICAL SPECTRUM AND THE REPUBLICANS IN THE RIGHT AND THERE ISN'T MUCH ROOM IN THE MIDDLE. AT THE SAME TIME DESPITE ALL OF THIS RHETORIC, WE'VE GOT A GROUP OF VETERANS HERE. PEOPLE WHO KNOW THESE ISSUES. WE HAVE PEOPLE WHO SERVED ON THE SIMPSON BOWLES COMMISSION EVEN SOW SOME OF THAT VOTED AGAINST THE PLAN. WE HAVE PEOPLE WHO NEGOTIATED WITH VICE PRESIDENT BIDEN. WE DON'T HAVE ANY MEMBER OF THE SENATE'S GANG OF SIX BUT YOU'VE GOT PEOPLE WITHOUT DON'T HAVE TO DO STUDYING TO REACH A DEAL. AND THEY'RE READY TO PULL MANY ELEMENTS OF THIS OFF THE SHELF, WHETHER IT'S A TAX RE-- TAX REFORM PACKAGE OR SOME OF THE BUDGET CUTS. THEY'VE BEEN DOWN THAT PATH BEFORE.

>> Warner: WHAT WOULD YOU ADD TO THAT?

>> YEAH, I FIND THAT THERE MOST CERTAINLY ARE PEOPLE HERE WHO KNOW HOW TO TALK POLITICS, AND TALKING POINTS. BUT THERE'S ALSO A LOT OF POLICY BRAUN. YOU HAVE COMMITTEE CHAIRMAN, YOU HAVE PEOPLE WHO ARE USED TO GETTING THINGS DONE, GETTING THEM THROUGH THE CONGRESS. AND I FIND A REAL GLIMMER OF OPTIMISM IN HERE.

>> Warner: AND WORKING ACROSS THE AISLE?

>> YES, THERE ARE PEOPLE HERE WHO HAVE DONE THAT. I MEAN I HESITATE TO SAY THEY'RE BIPARTISAN OR, YOU KNOW, BUT THERE ARE PEOPLE HERE WHO ARE USED TO WORKING TOGETHER TO GET THINGS DONE.

>> Warner: LET'S JUMP INTO THE FIRST SLATE. LET'S START WITH THE HOUSE REPUBLICANS SINCE THEY DROVE US ALL TO THIS POINT. AND WE HAVE ON THAT COMMITTEE, OR ON THAT SLATE OM MICHIGAN, GENERAL HENCERLING FROM TEXAS AND FRED FROM MICHIGAN.

>> A GOOD COMMITTEE FOR MICHIGAN. BUT DAVE CAMP IS THE CHAIRMAN OF THE WAYS & MEANS COMMITTEE. AND HE WAS ON THE SIMPSON BOWLES COMMISSION, VOTED AGAINST IT BECAUSE OF TAX INCREASES. BUT PERHAPS THE MOST ENCOURAGING THING THAT WE HAVE TO SAY RIGHT NOW IS AN INTERVIEW THAT CAMP, FROM AN INTERVIEW THAT CAMP GAVE WITH REUTERS WHERE HE SAID EVERY THING INCLUDING TAXES IS ON THE TABLE.

>> Warner: THAT WAS TODAY.

>> TODAY. CAMP IS ALSO WORKED VERY HARD FOR TAX REFORM. HE SPENT A LOT OF TIME WITH IT. AND LET'S FACE IT, ANY DEAL WE GET HAS TO BE A TRADE OF SIGNIFICANT TAX REFORM FOR REVENUE INCREASES. AND CAMP IS A KEY PLAYER.

>> Warner: AND WHAT ABOUT HENCERLING WHO IS THE CO-CHAIRMAN AND UPTON.

>> HENSERLING IS A VERY SHARP TONGUED PARTISAN. HE IS, AS YOU SAY, ONE OF THE CO-CHAIRMAN. AND IT SAYS SOMETHING THAT THE REPUBLICANS IN THE HOUSE HAVE PUT SOMEONE ON THERE WHO IS VERY STRONG AND WILL NOT BUDGE ON THESE ISSUES. FRED UPTON JUST TOOK OVER THE CHAIRMANSHIP OF THE ND COMMERCE COMMITTEE. HE TOO IS DOWN IN THE WEEDS ON ISSUES. BUT NOT AS-- WE DON'T EXPECT QUITE AS MUMUCH MOVEMENT ON HIS PART.

>> Warner: ALL RIGHT LET'S MOVE ON TO THE SENATE REPUBLICANS. THERE WE HAVE, THESE WERE ALL APPOINTED BY MITCH McCONNELL, JOHN KYL OF ARIZONA, ROB PORTMAN AND P TOOMEY OF PENNSYLVANIA. YOU GO FIRST.

>> VERY INTERESTING THAT WE HAVE TWO FISHMAN IN THIS GROUP, ROB PORTMAN AND PAT TOOMEY ARE BOTH FRESHMAN. PAT TOOMEY IS MUCH CLOSER TO THAT WAVE OF CONSERVATIVE REPUBLICANS THAT CAME IN IN THIS LAST ELECTION.

>> Warner: INCLUDING THE TEA PARTY.

>> INCLUDING THE TEA PARTY. ROB PORTMAN IS A FRESHMAN ALL THOUSAND YOU COULD HARDLY SAY HE'S A ROOKIE IN WASHINGTON. HE WAS IN THE HOUSE, IN THE BUSH ADMINISTRATION. HE HAS -- HE HAS STRIKED A MORE-- STRUCK A MORE PARTISAN TONE SINCE HE'S COME INTO THE SENATE. THAT SAID, THIS IS A MAN WHO WAS IN THE OFFICE OF MANAGEMENT AND BUDGET. HE KNOWS NUMBERS.

>> Warner: AND WHAT ABOUT JOHN KYL RETIRING NEXT YEAR.

>> BUT HE IS THE NUMBER TWO REPUBLICAN LEADER. AND OF COURSE HE WAS THE REPUBLICAN REPRESENTATIVE AT THE TALKS WITH JOE BIDEN. HE WALKED OUT ON THE TAX ISSUE. HE'S A STRONG IDEA LOCAL-- IDEA LOLL. THE KEY THERE IS PORTMAN WHO NOT ONLY STARTED HIS POLITICAL CAREER, VERY FEW PEOPLE KNOW THIS, HIS FIRST BOSS WHAT STEVE SOLARSES A LIBERAL DEMOCRAT. BUT THEN MOVED ON TO A PROTEGE OF ALAN SIMPSON OF THE SIMPSON BOWLES COMMISSION. NOT JUST BEJ DIRECTOR BUT TRADE COMMISSION SO HE KNOW IT. CLOSE WITH BEN CARDEN OF THE HOUSE. SOW KNOWS BIPARTISANSHIP BUT HE IS A LOYALIST AND HE IS A REAL KEY PLAYER.

>> Warner: NOW THE HOUSE DEMOCRATS, NORM I WILL BEGIN WITH YOU BUT MAYBE COMBINE IT. DO WE SEE ANY MAVERICKS HERE? JAVIER WAS ERA, JAMES CLYBURN AND CHRIS VAN HOLDEN.

>> ALL KEY PEOPLE IN THE LEADERSHIP CLOSE CHO-- CHOSEN BY PELOSI BECAUSE OF THEIR PERSONS, VAN HOLDEN IS THE RANKING DEMOCRAT ON THE BUDGET COMMITTEE AT THE TALKS. CLYBURN ALSO AT THE TALKS. BECARA ALMOST BECAME TRADE REPRESENTATIVE. SMART SHALL SAVVY PROS, LEADERS, THEY'RE TO THE GOING TO DIVERGE VERY MUCH FROM WHAT PELOSI WANTS OR WHAT THE CAUCUS WANTS BUT THEY'VE ALL INDICATED A WILLINGNESS TO CUT A DEAL.

>> Warner: BECERA WAS ON SIMPSON BOWLES ALSO. AND YES, THESE ARE ALL PEOPLE-- .

>> Warner: SO HE VOTED NO.

>> HE VOTED NO, YOU ABOUT HE WAS THERE. AND WHEN IT AM CANS DOWN TO A DEAL LIKE THIS, WHEN YOU HAVE SUCH A COMPACT TIME FRAME, KNOWING THE LANDSCAPE AS YOU GO IN IS REALLY IMPORTANT. AND THOUGH THESE PEOPLE ARE CLOSE TO THE LEADERSHIP, THEY HAVE ALL SIGNALED THAT THEY REALLY WANT TO GET SOMETHING DONE HERE. AND THEY'RE THERE FOR A PURPOSE.

>> Warner: AND THEY'RE READY TO PUT BOTH ARMS TO THE THING ON THE TABLE, TAX CUTS AND ENTITLEMENTS.

>> EXACTLY.

>> AND THE SENATE DEMOCRATS, MAX BAUCUS, AND THE CO-CHAIR PATTY MURRAY OF WASHINGTON STATE.

>> AGAIN THIS IS ANOTHER SIGNAL, PATTY MURRAY WHO HAS BEEN ON THE TALKING POINTS, FIGHTING HARD THROUGHOUT THIS DEBATE.

>> Warner: ESPECIALLY ON MEDICARE AND SOCIAL SECURITY.

>> YES, THE LINES THAT WE WON'T BALANCE THIS ON THE BACKS OF THE OLD AND THE SICK, SHE'S THERE OPPOSITE GENERAL HENSERLING, THE OTHER HARD PART SAN BUT HAVING MAX BAUCUS AND SENATOR KERRY IN THERE YOU HAVE TWO PEOPLE WHO ARE USED TO GETTING THINGS DONE AND GETTING THEM THROUGH THE SENATE. I THINK THIS IS WHERE WE MAY SEE THE REAL WORK DONE IN HERE.

>> AND JOHN KERRY WAS A BIT OF A SURPRISE HERE. SINCE HE'S IN THE FINANCE COMMITTEE. BUT OF COURSE HE'S THE CHAIRMAN OF THE FOREIGN RELATIONS COMMITTEE. BUT HE'S THERE BECAUSE HAVING REALLY SORT OF COME OUT OF A FEW YEARS OF WANDERING IN THE DESERT AFTER HE LOST THE PRESIDENCY, HE IS IN FULL FORM NOW. ALL OF THOSE TALENTS. AND I WOULD LOOK TO KERRY ALONG WITH PORTMAN TO BE POTENTIAL DEAL MAKERS HERE. NOTE THAT THERE IS ONLY ONE WOMAN ON THIS COMMITTEE AND THAT'S PATTY MURRAY. AND YOU KNOW IT'S VERY TOUGH WITH 12 PEOPLE TO GET EVERYTHING AND EVERYONE REPRESENTED. BUT THAT'S PROBABLY NOT QUITE THE REPRESENTATION THAT SOME WOULD HAVE LIKED.

>> SO HOW IMPORTANT IS IT THAT IN THE LEGISLATION THAT CREATED THIS, YOU ONLY NEED THE COMMITTEE ONLY NEEDS SEVEN VOTES TO GET IT TO CONGRESS?

>> THIS, THE LEGISLATION THAT CREATED THIS IS REMARKABLE IN THAT IT TAKES AWAY SOME OF THE BIGGEST HURDLES TO GETTING THINGS DONE IN WASHINGTON. YOU DON'T NEED THE 60 VOTES IN THE SENATE. YOU BYPASS THE ABILITY OF THE MAJORITY IN THE HOUSE TO KEEP THINGS FROM COMING TO THE FLOOR.

>> OR AMEND IT.

>> YES, OR AMEND IT, NO POISON PILLS. NO BLOCKING IT AT ALL FROM COMING TO THE FLOOR. SO IF YOU JUST HAVE SIX ALL OF THE SIDES AND PLUS 1, YOU CAN REALLY BRING THESE TO THE FLOOR AND REMEMBER THERE'S THAT SORT OF DAMACLESE HANGING ABOVE THEIR HEADS. THE IDEA OF MASSIVE CUTS ACROSS-THE-BOARD.

>> BUT YOU'RE SAYING, NORM, THAT ALL THESE PEOPLE ARE CLOSE TO THEIR REPRESENTATIVE LEADERSHIPS. YOU'RE NOT GOING TO SEE SOMEBODY SUDDENLY FLIP OVER AND AGAINST THE VIEWS OF THEIR LEADERSHIP, GO WITH SAY A DEMOCRAT GO WITH ALL THE REPUBLICANS.

>> YOU KNOW, ONE CAN IMAGINE A SCENARIO IF THE GLOBAL COMMITTEE IS CRATERING WHERE ONE OF THESE PEOPLE DECIDES TO GO OVER TO THE OTHER SIDE AND IT'S A 7-5 VOTE. WHAT DOES CHARACTERIZE THIS GROUP THAT MAKES IT DIFFERENT FROM SIMPSON BOWLES SAY THAT NEEDED A SUPERMAJORITY IS THAT THAT IS THE ONLY THING YOU NEEDED TO HAPPEN. BUT IT'S FAR MORE LIKELY AND CAMPS COMMENTS SIGNALED IT THAT THE LEADERS ARE GOING TO MANEUVER TO TRY AND FIND A DEAL AS WELL. WHAT ALSO IS INTERESTING ABOUT CAMPS' COMMENTS IS THAT THIS COMMITTEE HAS A FAIRLY NARROW CHARGE TO BEGIN WITH. 1.2 TRILLION IN ADDITIONAL.

>> 1 MY 5.

>> COMING MOSTLY FROM DISCRETIONARY SPENDING, DOMESTIC AND NOT THE ENTITLEMENTS AND DEFENSEMENT BUT THEY HAVE AN OPENING TO DO WHATEVER THEY WANT. AND WHATEVER THEY COME OUT WITH DOES GET AN UP OR DOWN VOTE ON AMENDED. SO THE CHANCE FOR A GRAND BARGAIN HERE IS THERE. AND YOU KNOW, OBE WANT KENOBE.

>> Warner: WE'RE GOING TO HAVE TO LEAVE IT.

>> 4 TRILLION. : .

>> Warner: WHICH WAS THE ORIGINAL SIMPSON BOWLES IDEA. THANK YOU.

>> IT'S A PLEASURE.

>> Woodruff: ENGLISH CITIES WERE TENSE BUT CALM TODAY AS POLICE ESTABLISHED A FORCEFUL PRESENCE ON STREETS WHERE RIOTERS AND LOOTERS PREVAILED DAYS AGO. IN A SPECIAL MEETING OF BRITAIN'S PARLIAMENT, PRIME MINISTER DAVID CAMERON AGAIN DENOUNCED THE CULTURE THAT PRODUCED CRIMINALS AS YOUNG AS 12 YEARS OLD.

>> RESPONSIBILITY FOR CRIME ALWAYS LIES WITH THE CRIMINAL. THESE PEOPLE WERE ALL VOLUNTEERS. THEY DIDN'T HAVE TO DO WHAT THEY DID AND THEY MUST SUFFER THE CONSEQUENCES. BUT CRIME HAS A CONTEXT, AND WE MUST NOT SHY AWAY FROM IT. I'VE SAID BEFORE THAT THERE IS A MAJOR PROBLEM IN OUR SOCIETY WITH CHILDREN GROWING UP NOT KNOWING THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN RIGHT AND WRONG. THIS IS NOT ABOUT POVERTY, IT IS ABOUT CULTURE-- A CULTURE THAT GLORIFIES VIOLENCE, SHOWS DISRESPECT TO AUTHORITY, AND SAYS EVERYTHING ABOUT RIGHTS BUT NOTHING ABOUT RESPONSIBILITY.

>> Warner: WITHIN MILES OF PARLIAMENT, AND ELSEWHERE IN ENGLAND, POLICE AND COURTS WERE WORKING OVERTIME TO ARREST AND PROCESS THE ACCUSED RIOTERS. WE HAVE A REPORT FROM JANE DEITH OF INDEPENDENT TELEVISION NEWS.

>> Reporter: THE BOY IN THE RED HOOD IS 12. COON VICTED OF COMMITTING BURGLARY DURING THE RIOT. HE LEFT COURT WITH HIS MOTHER. HE WAS SPOTTED RUNNING FROM A LOOTED SUPERMARKET CARRYING A BOTTLE OF WINE. TOO YOUNG FOR JAIL, HE WAS GIVEN A NINE MONTH DEFINITELY ORDER. MANCHESTER MAGISTRATE COURT HELD A SPECIAL OVERNIGHT SITTING TO GET THROUGH THE ARMY OF CHILDREN AND ADULTS CHARGED OVER THE RIOTING AND LOOTING IN MANCHESTER AND SULFORD.

>> THREE JUDGES SAT IN THREE COURTS FROM 9:00 P.M. LAST NIGHT RIGHT THROUGH THE NIGHT DEALING SWIFTLY AND ROBUSTLY WITH MORE THAN 100 DEFENDANTS. JORDAN KELLY WAS JAILED FOR SIX MONTHS AFTER HE WAS CAUGHT CARRYING A HOMEMADE BALACLAVA AND A BIN BAG. THE CRIME, BEING EQUIPPED FOR BURGLARY. THIS 14-YEAR-OLD GIRL IN RED IS ACCUSED OF STEALING A SHOP'S MANNEQUIN WHICH HAD BEEN DRESSED IN DESIGNER JEANS. SHE PLEADED NOT GUILTY AND WILL BE PUT ON TRIAL LATER. 19-YEAR-OLD STEFAN HAD NEVER BEEN IN TROUBLE BEFORE BUT ON THE NIGHT OF THE RIOT HE STOLE A VIOLIN. HIS PARENTS WEPT AS HE WAS PUT BEHIND BARS FOR FOUR MONTHS. DAVID CAMERON HAS PROMISED TOUGH JUSTICE AND THE CHIEF CROWN PROSECUTOR FOR MANCHESTER SAYS HIS TEAM IS GOING TOO HIT THE RIOTERS AND LOOTERS HARD.

>> JUSTICE WHEN IT'S SWIFT IS MOST EFFECTIVE. IT'S ABOUT ENSURING THAT THEY SEE THE SHOCK AND AWE OF THE CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM. BECAUSE WE REPRESENT SOCIETY. WE WANT TO ENSURE THAT SOCIETY IS REFLECTED IN OUR COURTROOMS. AND WE WANT THEM TO EXPERIENCE WHAT THEY MADE US EXPERIENCE.

>> POLICE ARE PLOWING THROUGH HUNDREDS MORE PHOTOGRAPHS AND TV IMAGES OF LOOTERS AND SAY THEY WILL CATCH UP WITH THEM ALL.

>> Warner: CAMERON SAID HIS GOVERNMENT STILL PLANNED TO GO AHEAD WITH PROPOSED BUDGET CUTS FOR THE POLICE, DESPITE COMPLAINTS FROM THE OPPOSITION AND LOCAL OFFICIALS.

>> Woodruff: TO 2012 PRESIDENTIAL POLITICS NOW AND THE ANNOUNCEMENT LATE TODAY THAT TEXAS GOVERNOR RICK PERRY WILL JUMP INTO THE RACE, CONFIRMING GROWING SPECULATION. THAT WORD CAME JUST HOURS BEFORE A G.O.P. PRESIDENTIAL DEBATE IN IOWA, WHERE ALL THE CANDIDATES HAVE ALREADY CONVERGED, AND IT PROMISES TO SHAKE UP THE CAMPAIGN. BEFORE PERRY'S NEWS, FRONT RUNNER MITT ROMNEY, WHO SHOWED UP AT THE STATE FAIR IN DES MOINES TODAY, WAS DRAWING ATTENTION FOR HIS ENCOUNTER WITH A HECKLER.

>> THE WAY THIS GOING TO WORK IS YOU GET TO ASK YOUR QUESTION, I GET TO GIVE MY ANSWER. IF YOU DON'T LIKE MY ANSWER, YOU CAN VOTE FOR SOMEONE ELSE.

>> Woodruff: OTHER REPUBLICANS IN IOWA INCLUDE MINNESOTA CONGRESSWOMAN MICHELE BACHMANN, FORMER MINNESOTA GOVERNOR TIM PAWLENTY AND FORMER UTAH GOVERNOR JON HUNTSMAN. WATCHING TONIGHT'S DEBATE IN A PRESS CORPS OF OVER 800, WILL BE OUR OWN POLITICAL EDITOR DAVID CHALIAN, AND HE JOINS US NOW FROM THE STUDIOS OF IOWA PUBLIC TELEVISION IN DES MOINES. HELLO, DAVID.

>> HELLO, JUDY, THANK YOU.

>> Woodruff: SO I GUESS THERE IS TRULY AN ELEPHANT IN THE ROOM TONIGHT IN THIS DEBATE WITH GOVERNOR PERRY'S ANNOUNCEMENT. WHAT EFFECT DO YOU THINK THIS IS GOING TO HAVE, AND THE TIMING IS INTERESTING.

>> RIGHT, IT WILL BE INTERESTING TONIGHT AT THE DEBATE SINCE OBVIOUSLY RICK PERRY WON'T BE ON THE STAGE HOW THE OTHER CANDIDATES, THE CATE AN DATAS THAT ARE DONE -- THE EIGHT CANDIDATES ON THE STAGE RESPOND TO THIS NEWS. EARLIER TODAY I WAS WITH MITT ROMNEY ON AT THE STATE FAIR. AND SOMEBODY ASKED HIM WHAT HE THOUGHT OF RICK PERRY. AND HE WOULDN'T TAKE THE BAIT. HE SIMPLY OFFERED A PLATITUDE, SAYING OH HE'S A GOOD FRIEND AND A GOOD GUY. I DON'T KNOW THAT ANYONE IS GOING TO TAKE ON RICK PERRY TONIGHT. BUT IT DOES, AS YOU SAID, SHAKE UP THE RACE. HE HAS ALREADY BEEN POLLING IN THE TOP TIER OF THE FIELD. HE'S THE LONGEST SERVING GOVERNOR IN THE NATION AND WELL-KNOWN IN REPUBLICAN ELECTORATE, INSIDE THE REPUBLICAN PRIMARY ELECTORATE. AND FOR THE LAST SEVERAL WEEKS, JUDY, HE HAS BEEN DOING EVERYTHING A PRESIDENTIAL CANDIDATE OR A POTENTIAL PRESIDENTIAL CANDIDATE WOULD DO. MEETING WITH BIG DONORS, COURTING THE BASE OF THE PARTY WITH THAT BIG RELIGIOUS EVENT HE HAD, THE RESPONSE IN HOUSTON THIS PAST WEEKEND. AND HE'S HEADED TO NEW HAMPSHIRE AND SOUTH CAROLINA AND HERE IN IOWA THIS WEEKEND. SO THAT'S THE BIG ROLLOUT. AND THEY'RE WIDELY DOING IT IN A WAY THAT THEY GET TO STEAL THE THUND FRERE THIS DEBATE WITHOUT ANY OF THE RISK OF PARTICIPATING IN THE DEBATE.

>> IT'S REMARKABLE, ISN'T IT. FASCINATING TIMING. SO DAVID, WITHOUT GOVERNOR PERRY ON THE STAGE THE OTHERS THERE, THIS IS THE FIRST DEBATE IN IOWA, AND THERE ARE SEVERAL CANDIDATES FOR WHOM YOU KNOW, WITH OR WITHOUT RICK PERRY THERE IS A LOT RIDING TONIGHT.

>> NO DOUBT ABOUT THAT. I THINK THAT TIM PAWLENTY THE FORMER GOVERNOR OF MINNESOTA PROBABLY HAS THE MOST TO GAIN OR LOSE TODAY AND THEN IN A COUPLE OF DAYS AT THE STRAW POLL. HIS DEBATE PERFORMANCE YOU REMEMBER A COUPLE OF MONTHS AGO IN NEW HAMPSHIRE WAS WIDELY PANNED. HE HAD SORT OF TELEGRAPHED THAT HE WAS GOING TO TAKE ON MITT ROMNEY, THE FRONT-RUNNER AND THEN DIDN'T DO SO. AND IT MADE HIM LOOK WEAK. AND SO THERE ARE GOING TO BE A LOT OF EYES ON PAWLENTY TO SEE IF HE CAN REVIVE HIS CAMPAIGN. SORT OF BEEN LACKLUSTER IN FUND-RAISING AND IN THE POLLS. AND HE NEEDS A MOMENT THAT REALLY PUTS HIM ON THE MAP.

>> A LOT RIDING FOR MICHELLE BACHMANN AS WELL.

>> YES, SHE IS THE BUZZ CANDIDATE. HE IS RIDING HIGH IN THE POLLS. SHE GETS A LOT OF FOLKS OUT AT HER EVENTS. SHE BURST ON TO THE SCENE, YOU REMEMBER, AT THAT NEW HAMPSHIRE DEBATE A COUPLE OF MONTHS AGO. SHE MADE A BIG SPLASH BECAUSE SHE ANNOUNCED HER CANDIDACY AT THE DEBATE. NOW IT IS GOING TO BE HER BURDEN TO PROVE THAT WITHOUT THAT KIND OF GIMMICK TO ANNOUNCE YOUR CANDIDACY, WHAT CAN SHE SHOW ON THE DEBATE STAGE TONIGHT AND CAN SHE RALLY SUPPORTERS TO AMES ON SATURDAY FOR A BIG SHOWING AT THE STRAW POLL. I THINK LOOK OUT FOR RON PAUL, HER MAN KANE, RICK SANTORUM, THESE ARE THE FOLKS THAT HAVE BEEN WORKING THIS STATE REALLY HARD ALONGSIDE BACHMANN AND PAWLENTY. THEY ALL WANT TO MAKE A GOOD SHOWING ON SATURDAY AT THAT STRAW POLL. AND THEY ALL ARE GOING TO USE TONIGHT'S DEBATE TO TRY TO DO THAT.

>> Woodruff: DAVID, ANY CONSENSUS ON WHAT ROMNEY, WHO IS I GUESS WIDELY CONSIDERED THE CURRENT FRONT-RUNNER AND JON HUNTSMAN, NEITHER OF WHOM IS SPENDING A LOT OF TIME RIGHT NOW IN IOWA, NEED TO DO TONIGHT?

>> WELL, JON HUNTSMAN THIS IS HIS FIRST FORAY ON TO THE DEBATE STAGE. NOBODY HAS REALLY SEEN HIM IN THIS KIND OF FORUM BEFORE. AND HE'S A WIDELY UNKNOWN CANDIDATE. I THINK HE HAS TO SORT OF ANSWER THOSE FUNDAMENTAL QUESTIONS OF WHO AM I AND WHY AM I HERE. REMEMBER ADMIRAL STOCKDALE THAT FAMOUS VICE PRESIDENTIAL DEBATE. JOHN HUNTSMAN, THERE WERE SUCH GREAT EXPECTATIONS ABOUT HIS CANDIDACY WHEN HE GOT INTO THE RACE IN JUNE. AND HE JUST HAS NOT PROVEN TO LIVE UP TO THOSE EXPECTATIONS YET. AND SO I DO THINK THAT THERE IS GOING TO BE A LOT OF PRESSURE ON HIM TO SORT OF EXPLAIN THE RATIONAL FOR HIS CANDIDACY. BUT YOU ARE RIGHT, THIS IS NOT HIS TURF. HE HAS ALREADY SAID HE'S SKIPPING THE IOWA CAUCUSES NEXT YEAR. WON'T COMPETE IN HEM THIS. HE'S FOCUSED IN NEW HAMPSHIRE, SOUTH CAROLINA AND FLORIDA. AND MITT ROMNEY, LISTEN THIS IS A FRONT-RUNNING CANDIDATE THAT YOU AND I TALKED ABOUT BEFORE, IS A WEAK FRONT-RUNNER. AND OBVIOUSLY THAT'S THE CASE OR RICK PERRY WOULDN'T BE GETTING IN THIS LATE IN THE GAME. SO I THINK MITT ROMNEY, THOUGH, HIS GOAL IS TO STAY ABOVE THE FRAY. HE HAD WILL HAVE THE TARGET ON HIS BACK. HE IS THE FRONT RUN ERR AND HE HAS BEEN TRYING IT THIS ENTIRE CAMPAIGN TO SORT OF JUST HIT HIS MESSAGE ON THE ECONOMY AND GET OUT OF THE WAY. HE'S NOT LOOKING TO MIX IT UP WITH HIS FELLOW REPUBLICANS. HE'S NOT LOOKING TO TRY TO JUMP ON THE HEADLINES OF ANY GIVEN POLITICAL NEWS STORY ON ANY GIVEN DAY. HE'S TRYING VERY HARD TO STAY FOCUSED ON HIS VISION OF THE ECONOMY VERSUS PRESIDENT OBAMAS. AND IREXPECT THAT IS WHAT HE WILL TRY TO DO TONIGHT AS WELL.

>> Woodruff: ALL RIGHT, DAVID CHALIAN, AN INTERESTING RACE IN IOWA HAS GOTTEN MORE INTERESTING TODAY WITH THE ANNOUNCEMENT THAT TEXAS GOVERNOR RICK PERRY WILL BE JUMPING IN. BY THE WAY WITH YOU IS IN IOWA IS GWEN IFILL, SHE WILL BE REPORTING TOMORROW NIGHT ON THE RACE AND STATE OF THE DEBATE THERE.

>> THANK YOU, JUDY.

>> Woodruff: AND DAVID WILL ANSWER YOUR QUESTIONS ABOUT THE GOP EVENTS IN IOWA AND THE 2012 ELECTION SEASON. SUBMIT YOURS ON THE NEWSHOUR'S BLOG. AND WELL

>> Warner: WE'LL BE BACK SHORTLY WITH A CONVERSATION WITH DONALD BERWICK, THE MAN IN CHARGE OF MEDICARE AND MEDICAID. BUT FIRST, THIS IS PLEDGE WEEK ON PBS. THIS BREAK ALLOWS YOUR PUBLIC TELEVISION STATION TO ASK FOR YOUR SUPPORT.

>> Warner: FINALLY TONIGHT, A PROFILE OF ONE OF PRESIDENT OBAMA'S LEADING PLAYERS IN IMPLEMENTING HEALTH CARE REFORM. HEALTH CORRESPONDENT BETTY ANN BOWSER HAS OUR LOOK AT THE MAN AND THE CONTROVERSY SURROUNDING HIM.

>> Reporter: DR. DON BERWICK IS ARGUABLY THE MOST IMPORTANT FIGURE IN HEALTH CARE REFORM TODAY. AS HEAD OF MEDICARE AND MEDICAID HE'S IN CHARGE OF THE HEALTH CARE OF OVER ONE IN THREE AMERICANS, EQUALLY IMPORTANT. HE'S A KEY PERSON CHARGED WITH IMPLEMENTING THE FEDERAL HEALTH CARE REFORM LAW. A HARVARD TRAINED PEDIATRICIAN AND REFORMER, BERWICK SPENT 30 YEARS ANALYZING THE AMERICAN HEALTH CARE SYSTEM AND HE DOESN'T LIKE WHAT HE SEES.

>> WE BUILT HEALTHCARE IN AMERICAN IN FRAGMENTS, HOSPITALS, DOCTORS OFFICES, PHARMACIES, LABS, AMBULANCES AND WE PAY FOR IT IN FRAGMENTS AS WELL, SO WE BUILD SYSTEMS AND PEOPLE KNOW WHAT I MEAN THAT THEY GET FORGETTING, THEY GET LOST NO ONE SEEMS TO KNOW WHAT'S HAPPENING THEM. YOU GOT TO FIVE DOCTORS AND YOU HAVE TELL YOUR STORY ALL OVER AGAIN. WE DON'T NEED THAT.

>> Reporter: BERWICK SAYS WHAT THE COUNTRY DOES NEED IS A NEW WAY TO PAY DOCTORS, ONE THAT REWARDS THEM FOR QUALITY, NOT HOW MANY SERVICES THEY PERFORM. HE THINKS ONE WAY TO DO THAT IS TO PRACTICE MORE EVIDENCE-BASED MEDICINE. THAT'S A CONCEPT WHERE DOCTORS BASE THEIR TREATMENTS ON WHAT SCIENCE HAS SHOWN WORKS. BUT BERWICK HAS ALIENATED MANY CONSERVATIVES WITH THAT VIEW. THEY SAY IT WOULD LEAD TO WHAT THEY CALL GOVERNMENT RUN DEATH PANELS THAT WOULD RATION CARE TO SENIORS. BERWICK HAS ALSO TAKEN FIRE FOR SUPPORTING BRITAINS' NATIONAL HEALTH SERVICE. THIS IS A YOUTUBE EXCERPT OF A SPEECH HE GAVE TO BRITISH DOCTORS IN 2008.

>> ANY HEALTHCARE FUNDING PLAN IS JUST, EQUITABLE, CIVILIZED AND HUMANE MUST... MUST REDISTRIBUTE WEALTH FROM THE RICHER AMONG US TO THE POOR AND THE LESS FORTUNATE. EXCELLENT HEALTHCARE IS BY DEFINITION, REDISTRIBUTION. BRITAIN, YOU CHOSE WELL.

>> Reporter: THAT LED TO REACTIONS LIKE THIS ONE FROM TALK SHOW HOST, GLENN BECK.

>> THE SECOND MOST DANGEROUS MAN IN AMERICA IS DON BERWICK. HERE IS BERWICK ON RATIONING, QUOTE, "THE DECISION IS NOT WHETHER OR NOT WE WILL RATION CARE. THE DECISION WILL BE TO RATION CARE WITH OUR EYES OPEN."

>> Reporter: BUT BERWICK SAYS THE CRITICISMS ARE A DISTORTION OF HIS VIEWS.

>> I DON'T WANT TO WITHHOLD A SINGLE PIECE OF CARE FROM ANYBODY THAT NEEDS IT. I DON'T WANT TO CUT COSTS BY HARMING A HAIR ON ANYBODY'S HEAD. MY WHOLE BELIEF SYSTEM IS THAT WE CAN. WE'RE SMART ENOUGH; WE'RE GOOD ENOUGH; WE'RE WISE ENOUGH TO IMPROVE OUR WAY TO BETTER CARE.

>> Reporter: AS MEDICARE CHIEF, BERWICK HAS MOVED QUICKLY TO IMPLEMENT MAJOR PORTIONS OF THE HEALTH CARE REFORM LAW, ESPECIALLY PROVISIONS DESIGNED TO IMPROVE MEDICAL OUTCOMES. HE'S SPEARHEADING AN AMBITIOUS EFFORT TO CUT THE NUMBER OF HOSPITAL ACQUIRED INFECTIONS AND ERRORS IN HALF. BUT HIS CRITICS SAY BERWICK'S IDEAS WILL NOT SAVE MONEY, ESPECIALLY ON HUGE PROGRAMS LIKE MEDICARE.

>> WE HAVE TO GET COSTS UNDER CONTROL. NOBODY DISAGREES WITH THAT PREMISE ANYMORE. BUT THERE ARE TWO WAYS TO DO THAT. THE SIMPLE WAY, THE EASY WAY, THE WRONG WAY IS JUST TO CUT STUFF, WITHHOLD BENEFITS, TAKE THINGS AWAY FROM PEOPLE, EVEN CUT SOME PEOPLE OUT OF CARE. THAT'S SEDUCTIVE BECAUSE ITS SO QUICK AND IT SOUNDS KIND OF EASY AND BUT WHY WOULD YOU DO THAT BUT THERE'S A BETTER WAY. I HAVE FOR 30 YEARS MY ENTIRE PROFESSIONAL CAREER WORKED ON THE OTHER WAY TO DO IT, WHICH IS IMPROVE, IMPROVE. THE COMPUTER YOU USE TODAY HAS PROBABLY TEN TIMES THE FUNCTIONALITY OF THE COMPUTER YOU COULD HAVE HAD FIVE OR EIGHT YEARS AGO AND IT COSTS LESS. THAT'S BECAUSE WE ARE IMPROVING THE WAY WE MAKE THAT DEVICE. MOST OF WHICH YOU DO IN YOUR LIFE IS BETTER TODAY AND LESS EXPENSIVE BECAUSE WE FIGURED OUT A BETTER WAY TO DO IT. THE SAME APPLIES IN HEALTHCARE.

>> Reporter: ONE OF BERWICK'S BETTER WAYS IS CREATING ACCOUNTABLE CARE ORGANIZATIONS. THAT'S WHERE DOCTORS AND HOSPITALS FORM TEAMS AND BRING ALL CARE UNDER ONE ROOF. SUPPORTERS SAY IT WILL SAVE MONEY AND IMPROVE PATIENT CARE. BUT THE IDEA HAS ALSO GOTTEN A CHILLY RECEPTION FROM MANY OF THE NATION'S DOCTORS WHO SAY THE RULES PUT OUT BY H.H.S. ON THIS ARE TOO EXPENSIVE AND ONEROUS. IS THIS WHOLE IDEA IN TROUBLE?

>> THE IDEA THAT WE ARE GOING MOVE OUR HEALTHCARE SYSTEM TOWARD COORDINATED SEAMLESS CARE WITH HIGH DEGREES OF COOPERATION AND TEAMWORK REALLY, REALLY PATIENT-CENTERED THAT'S NOT AN IDEA IN TROUBLE. THAT'S THE IDEA, THAT'S THE FUTURE, WE'RE GOING TO MOVE THERE. THE AFFORDABLE CARE ACT GIVES MANY MECHANISMS FOR ENCOURAGING THAT, SUPPORTING THAT. TO DO THAT WE HAVE TO OVERCOME A FRAGMENTED PAYMENT SYSTEM, WE HAVE TO MOVE FOR PAYING FOR VOLUME HOW MUCH YOU DO TO PAYING FOR VALUE, HOW WELL YOU DO. WE SHOULD BE PAYING HEALTHCARE LIKE WE PAY ANY OTHER SECTOR FOR HOW WELL YOU DO. HOW WELL THE PATIENT DOES IN THIS CASE.

>> Reporter: ALTHOUGH BERWICK'S JOB ENTAILS IMPLEMENTING HUNDREDS OF MINUTE PROVISIONS IN THE LAW. HE SAYS THE HARDEST PART OF HIS JOB IS A LARGER ISSUE: CONVINCING THE MEDICAL ESTABLISHMENT TO CHANGE THE WAY IT'S BEEN DOING THINGS FOR DECADES. AMERICAN HEALTHCARE SYSTEM INTO A NEW AGE. A HIGHLY RELIABLE WHERE EVERY DOCTOR AND NURSE CAN BE PROUD ALL THE TIME OF THE WORK THEY DO OR EVERY PATIENT CAN COUNT ON EXCELLENCE NO MATTER WHERE THEY ARE. THAT INVOLVES CHANGES.

>> Reporter: BERWICK CAME TO HIS JOB WITH A PRESIDENTIAL RECESS APPOINTMENT IN 2010, BECAUSE THE WHITE HOUSE KNEW HE COULD NOT SURVIVE THE CONFIRMATION PROCESS. AND IF HE'S TO CONTINUE PAST DECEMBER HE WILL NOW HAVE TO PASS MUSTER WITH THE SENATE WHERE REPUBLICANS NOW SAY THEY HAVE ENOUGH VOTES TO MAKE SURE THAT WON'T HAPPEN.

>> Woodruff: AGAIN, THE MAJOR DEVELOPMENTS OF THE DAY: STOCKS SHOT BACK UP ON BITS OF HOPEFUL ECONOMIC NEWS, INCLUDING WORD THAT FEWER PEOPLE JOINED THE UNEMPLOYMENT LINE. THE DOW JONES INDUSTRIAL AVERAGE GAINED MORE THAN 420 POINTS. BANNING SHORTS SELING AND FIVE U.S. TROOPS WERE KILLED IN A ROADSIDE BOMBING IN AFGHANISTAN, LESS THAN A WEEK AFTER A HELICOPTER CRASH KILLED 30 AMERICANS. ON OUR WEBSITE, THERE'S MORE ON THE MARKETS, HEALTH CARE AND MORE. HARI SREENIVASAN HAS OUR PREVIEW.

>> Sreenivasan: WE ASKED A MARKET HISTORIAN TO COMPARE THIS WILD WEEK ON WALL STREET TO CRISES PAST. THAT'S ON OUR "MAKING SENSE" PAGE. HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES SECRETARY KATHLEEN SEBELIUS ANSWERED YOUR QUESTIONS ABOUT HEALTH INSURANCE EXCHANGES-- THE COSTS AND THE COVERAGE ON OUR HEALTH PAGE. PLUS TWO ITEMS ON THE HEAT WAVE. CHECK OUT THE DROUGHT MONITOR AS IT MAPS THE SCOPE AND IMPACT OF DRY CONDITIONS ACROSS THE U.S. AND OUR HIGH TEMPERATURE WIDGET. IT TRACKS WHICH HEAT RECORDS ARE BROKEN EACH DAY. ALL THAT AND MORE IS ON OUR WEB SITE: newshour.pbs.org. MARGARET?

>> Warner: AND THAT'S THE "NEWSHOUR" FOR TONIGHT. I'M MARGARET WARNER.

>> Woodruff: AND I'M JUDY WOODRUFF. WE'LL SEE YOU ONLINE AND AGAIN HERE TOMORROW EVENING WITH MARK SHIELDS AND RICH LOWRY, AMONG OTHERS. THANK YOU AND GOOD NIGHT. MAJOR FUNDING FOR THE PBS NEWSHOUR HAS BEEN PROVIDED BY: ♪ ♪ MOVING OUR ECONOMY FOR 160 YEARS. BNSF, THE ENGINE THAT CONNECTS US. AND BY THE ALFRED P. SLOAN FOUNDATION. SUPPORTING SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, AND IMPROVED ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE AND FINANCIAL LITERACY IN THE 21ST CENTURY. AND WITH THE ONGOING SUPPORT OF THESE INSTITUTIONS AND FOUNDATIONS. AND... THIS PROGRAM WAS MADE POSSIBLE BY THE CORPORATION FOR PUBLIC BROADCASTING. AND BY CONTRIBUTIONS TO YOUR PBS STATION FROM VIEWERS LIKE YOU. THANK YOU. Captioning sponsored by MacNEIL/LEHRER PRODUCTIONS Captioned by Media Access Group at WGBH access.wgbh.org