The NewsHour With Jim Lehrer : WETA : November 3, 2009 7:00pm-8:00pm EST; The NewsHour With Jim Lehrer

Captioning sponsoreby MacNEIL/LEHREPRODUCTIONS

>> Lehrer: GOOD EVENING. I'M JIM LEHRER. ON T NEWSHOUR THIS TUESDAY, THE LEAD STORY: THE AFGHAN PRIDENT PROMISES REFORM. MARGARET WARNER IS IN BUL. GWEN IFILL LOOKS AT HOW THU.S. WILL DEAL WITH KARI. THEN, AFTETHE OTHER NEWS OF THE DAY,UDY WOODRUFF HAS THE LATEST ON THE DOFF SCANDAL AS THE FINANCIES AUDITOR PLEADS GUILTY. KWAME LMAN REPORTS ON THE PARTISAN SPL IN THE SENATE OVER CLIMATE CNGE.

>> DEMRATS ON THE ENVINMENT COMMITTEE PUSHED FOR CUTS I GREHOUSE GAS EMISSIONBUT PUBLICANS BOYCTED TODAY'SESSION.7n'

>> Lehrer: JOHN LENKO TRACKS THE STIMULUS MON IN A NEW YORK SCHOOL DISTRICT. EAC@çç YEAR ROCHESTER'S SHE WAS ABOUT $30 LLION. HERE AND IN MOST OTHER DISTRICTS, THE BU OF THE MONEY REORED JOBS.ç >>ehrer: AND JEFFREY BROWN HAS AN AUTO INDUSTRYPDATE, AS GENERAL MOTORS POSTS SONG SALENUMBERS AND FORD ANNOUNCES BIG PROFITS. MAJOR FUNDINFOR THE NEWSHOUR TH JIM LEHRER IS PROVIDED BY

>> WHAT HAMADE GRANT THORNTON A TRULY GLOBAL ACCOUING ORGANITION, WITH ACCESS TO RESOURCES IN MORE THAN 100 COUNTRIES? IS IT THEIR GLOBAL CAPABILITS, OR IS IT THEIR PASSION F HOW THEY SERVE THEIR CENTS? GRANT THORON.

>> THIIS THE ENGINE THAT CONNECTS ABUNDT GRAIN FROM THE AMERICAN HEARTLANDO HARAN'S BEST SELLING WHOLE WHE, WHILE KEEPING 60 BILLION POUNDOF CARBONUT OF THE ATMOSPHERE EVERY YEAR. SF, THE ENGINE THAT CONNECTS US. MONSANTO. PRODUCING MORE. CONSERVING MORE. IMPROVING FARMERS' LIVES THAT'S SUSINABLE AGRICULTURE. MORE AT producemoreconservemorcom.

>> CHEVRON. THIS IS THE POWEOF HUMAN ENERGY. AND BY TOYOTA. AND THE WIIAM AND FLORA HEWLETT FOUNDATI, WORKING TO SOLVSOCIAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS AT HOME AND AUND THE WORLD. D WITH THE ONGOING SUPPORT O THESE INSTUTIONS AND FOUNDATIONS. AND... THIS PGRAM WAS MADE POSSIBLE BY THEORPORATION FOR PUBLIC BROADCASTIN AND BY CONTRIBUTNS TO YOUR PBS STION FROM VIEWERS LIKE YOU. THANYOU. >>HE PRESIDENT OF GHANISTAN;oR ADDRESSED HIS COUNTRY TODAY AND CALLEDOR UNITY. HE AO MADE Aç BOAD-BASED PROMISE OF RORMS BUT GAVE NO SPECIFICS. MAARET WARNER IS IN KABUL WITH OUREAD STORY REPORT.

>> ALL THOSE W WANT TO WO WITH/[2 ME ARE MOST WELCOME REGARDLESS OWHETHER THEY OPPOSED ME IN>'ó THELECTION OR WHHER THEY SUPPORTED ME IN THE ELTION.

>> Warner: AFGHAN PRESIDEN MADE HIS BIDOR BROADER SUPPORT, THE DAY AFTER HE WAS DECLARED THE VICTOR INM'YbK MU- DIUTED ELECTION. BUT HAMID KARZAI DID NOT MENTION HIS CHALLENGER, ABDULLAH ABDULLA WHO DROED OUT A PLANNED RUN-OFF CHARGING IT COULD BE NEITHER FREE N FAIR.

>> IN THE"fáQUI STATED EARLIER, IT BEó[Ñ A GORNMENT OF UNITY FOR ALL E AFGHAN PEOPLE. A MATTER OF FACT, AS I'V STATE MANY TIMES BEFORE, I DON'T HAVE AN OPPOSITION. DON'T HAVE ANY PERSONITY ANY GROUP?i1 AS MY OPPOSITN. DON'T WANT TO BE OPPOSED TO ANYBODY. THAT'S WHY DON'T HAVE A POLITICAPARTY. SO MY VERNMENT WILL BE FOR ALL AFGHANç

>> Warner: KARZAI ALSO EXTEND HIS HAND THE TALIBANGAÃaaH INSUENTS URGING TM TO COME BACK TOHEIR COUNTRY. THE TALIBAN CLAIMED A VICTORY OF THEIRWN CROWING ABT THEIR ROLE IN DERAING THE RUN-OFF.?Mñkk "OUR BRAVE MUJAHADIN RE ABLE TO-9 DISRUPTHE ENTI PROCESS. " EVEN THE AIR STRIKES AND GROUND FORCES WERE NOT ABLE STOP OUR MUJAHADIN FROM THR ATTACKS. KARZAI CONCEDEDxD HIS GOVNMENT HIS BEEN, QTE, SERISLY DISCREDITED BY ADMISTRATIVE CORRTION.yM HE PROSED TO REMOVE TS STIGMA, TO RESTORE THE CONFIDENCE OF AFGHA AND OF THNATIONS SUPPLYING TENS OF THOUSANDS OF TOPS AND7%c BILLIONS OF DOLLARTO SHORE UP HIS COUNTRY.

>> WE'LL KEEPTRYING OUR BESTç TO ADDRESS THE QUESTIONS THAT WE HAVE FACING AFGHANISTAN AND TO MAKE SURE THAT THE WISHES OF T4 AND ALSO AT THE SAMEIME TO MAKE SURE TAT÷ú THE T PAYERS' MONEY CONG TO US FROM YOUR COUNTRIES IS SPENT WISELY.

>> Warner: FOR HIS PAR ABDUAH STAYED OUTçó OFUBLIC EW TODAY. INSTEAD, HE HUDDLED WITH HISó[Ñ ADVISORS ON HOW TO RESPOND TO KARZAI AND TO THE AFGHANI LEX COMMISSION TT YESTERDAY HAD DECLARED OR ZI THE WINN. AIDES SAIDjLi ABDULLAH WOULD LAY OUT HIS PNS AND EXPECTATIONS AT A MIDDAY NEWS CONFERENCE TOMORROW.÷ú WORLD LEARS ALSO WATCHED AND WAITED. ON MONY PRESIDENT OBAMA SD THE U.S. NES T SEE DEEDS, NOT JUST WDS, FROM KAAI. AND TOY/+ HEAD OF THE UNITE NATIONS ASSTANCE MISSION INç AFGHANTAN SAID KARZAI MUST WE OUT CORRUPT OFFICIALS AND NAME A COMPETENT GERNMENT OR RISK LOSING INTERNAONAL BACKIN7s

>> WE E REALLY AT THE TURNING POINT. WE'VE SEEN HOW÷i THEUPPORT FOR THE COMMITMENT TO AFGHANISTAN IS BEING QSTIONED IN THE NUMBERFROOP CONTRIBUTINGÑ. COUNTRIES AND DONOR COUNTRS. TH DOUBT HAS TO BEEMOVe IT IF UPO THE PRESIDENTND HIS NEW CABINET TO THAT.

>> Warner: WHAT YOU'RE SAYING IS IF HE DOESN'T MAKE THESE CHANGEç THAT TERNATIONAL SUORT COULD FADE SUBSTAIALLY.ç

>> I THINK THE DEBE THAT WE'LL SEE OVER THE FEW MTHS IN THE COMMUNITY WILL BECOME EVEN MORE HEATED, EVE MORE DIFFICULT, IF WE DOi NOT HAVE AN IMPORTAN POSITIVE TNG GIVEN THROUGH THEç COMPOSITION OF A NEW GOVERNMENT. >>arner: HE WARN THAT KARZAI SHOULD NOT DELUDE MSELF INTO THINKING THAT INTERNATNAL SUPPORT IS LIMITLESS.

>> SOMEFGHANS BELIEVE T AFGHANISTAN IS OF SUCH STRATEGIIMPORTANCE THAT WE WILL STAY HEREç, WHATEVER HAPPENS. IT IS SIMPLY NOT CORRECT.

>> Warner: IN WASHINON THE BIG QUESON MARK HAS BEEN WHETHER SEND[ MORE AMERICAN TROOPSO AFGHANISTAN. PRESIDENT OBAMA CONTINUEDçO MULL THAT ISSUE TODAY ASHE MET WITH GEANCHANCELLOR ANGE MERKEL.

>> WE APPRECIATE THE SACRIFICES OF GERMA SOLDRSI WORK THERE TO BRING PEACEç AND STABLEO AFGHANISTAN AD TO CREATE THE ENVIROENT IN WHIC THE AFGHAN PEOPLE THSELVES CAN PROVIDE FOR THEIOWN SECURITY.ç

>> Warner: LATER THE CHANCELLOR ADDREED AFGHANISTAAND GERMY'S TROOP COSARáMENT THERE IN A SPEECHO A JOINT SESSION OF CONGSS.

>> THE INTNATIONAL COMMUNITY'S MIION IN AFGHANISTAN ISç WITHOUTANY DOUBT A TOUGH ONE. IT DEMANDS A LOT FROM ALL OF US, AND ITW NOWEEDS TO BE TRANSFERRE TO THE NEXTPHASE AS SOON AS THE NEW AFGHAN GORNMENT IS IN OFFICE. OUR OBJECTI MUST BE A STTEGY, THEç TRANSF OF RESPONBILITY.

>> Warne FRANCE ALSO SAID I WOULD STAY THE CRSE IN AFTER AFGHANISTAN. BRIT PRIME MINISTER GORDON BROWN ECHOED WARNIS THAT PRIDENT KARZAI MUS TAKE IMMEATE ACTION ON CORRUPTION IFEç EXPEC TH U.K.' PPORT TO CONTINUE.ç Lehrer:OW GWEN IFILL EXAMIN THE AMERICAN RESPONSE TO THE KARZAI VICTORY.

>> Ifill: PRESIDENT OBAMAó[Ñy7i SAID HE WOULD NOT DEDE WHETHER TO SEND MORE TROOPS AFGHANISTAN UNTIL THE ELECON S OVER. NOW THATT IS, WILL A KARZAI PRESIDENCYAKE THAT TASK EASIER OR MORE DIFFICUL FOR THAT, WE TURN TO CONGRESAN MES McGOVERN, A MASSACHUSETT DEMOCRAT WHO'S CALLEFOR THE U.S. TO MP DOWN ITS MILITARY PRESENCE IN AFGHANISTAN. AND JAMES DOBBINS, CAREER DIPLOMAT WHO WASHE TOP U.S. OFFICIAL AT THE INTERNIONAL CONFEREN THAT INSTALLED KARZAI AS PRESIDT IN 2002. HE THINKS E U.S. MILITARY PRESENCE SHOULD BE INCREASED CONGSSMAN McGOVERN, WHAT IS YOUR INIAL REACTION TO T RESTATEMENT, I GUESS WE CAN CALL IT, OF PRESIDENT KARZAI.

>> PRESIDENT DEFAULT. THIS WHOLE ELECTION PROCESS WAS EPLYkO FLAWE WE'RE TOLD BY PETER GALBRAIT THAT AT LEAST 30% OF KARZAI'S VOTE WAS FRAUDULEN YOU KNOW, THIS I THE GUY THAT WE'RGOING TO RALLYWS%(Q$IND? MEAN, WE REALLY THINK THAT THERE CAN BE A HAPPY?oi ENDING WITH TH MAN WHO HAS BEEN THERE NOW FOR ALMT EIGHT YEARS AND CORRUPTION IS NO SOMETHING NEW. CORRUPTION H BEEN A PROBLEM FOR ALL THE TIMEE'S BEEN THERE.jF IN THE "NEW RK TIMES" DISPCH JUST SA WAS ASKED IF DEALING WITH CORRUPTION MHT INVOLVE CHANGING IMPORTA MINISTERS AND OFFIALS. AS YOU KNOW SOME OF THE PEOPLE HE'S AOINTED ARE OF QUESTIONABLE CHACTER. HIS REONSE WAS HISç OBLEMS CANNOT BE SOLVED BY CHANGING HIGH-RANKING OFFICIALS. WE'LL REVI THE LAWSND SEE WHAT THEROBLEMS ARE INHE LAWS. I DON'T BELIEVE HE'S SERIOUS ABOUT CHANGINGHE CHARACTERñ15"d I QUE FRANKLY AVERY, VERY CONCERNED ABOU THE FUTEç OF OUR POLICY.

>> Ifill: NOT ONLY MR. McGOVERN BUT ALSO AT LEA 50 OF HIS COLLEAGUESAGREE TH HIM IN THE HOUSE,m+w MR. DOBBIN, THAT TH IS SOMETHING THE U.S SHOULDç BE PULLINITSELF OUT OF. WHAT DO YOU THINK IN THEAKE OFHE ELECTION RESTS?

>> I THINK THE PSSURE ON PRESIDENT KARZ TO MAKE REFORMS AND TO MAKE A MORE VIGOROUS7<8, ROLE IN LIMING CORRTION IS ENTIRELY APOPRIATE. I?; THI THAT IT'S QUI USUAL FOR THE CONGRESS T PAY A D COP AND ROLE AND TH ADMINISTRATION TO PLAY A GOODkk COP ROLE. THE MINISTRATION PROVIDG POSITIVE REFORCEMT AND THEO5$r CONGSS BRANDING THE STICK. FROM THE STANDPOINT OF GETTING KARZAI'S ATTENTION AND GTING ACTION, THIS IS0A UP TO A DEGRE I THINKç THE ELECTIOWAS CERTAIYA SETBACK IN RMSél CONDUCTED BUT EVEN AFTE ALLOWING FOR THE FACT TH... EVEN AFT DISALLOWING HE VOTES THAT WERE FOUND TO BE FRAUDULENT,óS2; KARZAI COT 48% F THE VOTE IN E FIRST ROUND IN A FIELD OF 25 CANDIDAT.ç THERE'NOT A SINGLE MEMBER O CONGRESS OR AMERICANRESIDENT WHO WOULD GET 48% OF THE VOTE IF HE WAS RUNNING AGAINS 25 OTHER OPPONTS.

>> Ifi:ç HE'S AS LEGITIMATE IN YOUR ONION AS HE CAN BE IN THIS SETTING? RROUNDED BY ITALY, FRANCE GERMANY ANAUSTRIA. IT'S SRROUNDED BYógç TURKMENISTAN, UZBEKISTAN AND IRAN. HOW MANY O THOSEç HAVE LEGITITE GOVERNMENTS? THEY DON'T EVEN HAVE ELECTION HE WAS INN ELECTIONN WHI THERE RE 25 CAIDATES. THERE WAS SOM FRAUD. THE FRAUD WAMET ANDVA8 DLT WITH BY AN INTERNATIONLY MANDATED COMMISSN.i] HE STI GOT A VERY SUBSNTIAL VOTE AND WOULD HAVE ALMOSTERTAINLY RUN ON A SECOND ROUND IF ABDULLAH HADN PULLED OUT.

>> Ifill: YOU HEARD PRESIDENTojC REMOVE T STIGMA AND ATHE SAME TIMTO REACH OUT TO THE TALIBAN.j] HE H NO REAL OPPOSITION PAY AGAINST HIM. DO YOU THINK HE'S CAPABLE OF DOING AT?

>> LOOK AT. I DON'T OW. T ME JUST SAY THAT AFTER7s EIGHT YARS-- THAT'S LONG THIS WAR HAS BEEN GOI ON--ç BILLIONS AND BILONS OF U.S. DOLLARS, WE HAVE LOST, YOU OW, COUNTLESSIVILIANS AND WE HAVE LOST, YOU KNOW, THOUSANDOF AMERICAN VESç. THIS IS THE BES THAT WE CAN GET? A PRESIDT(OG A COUNTRY WHO IS N BEING INSTALLED BY DEFAULT, BYLL ACCOUNTSHE ELECTION W NOT ONLY A SETBACK BUT WAS A JOKE. YOU IS THIS WHERE WRE GOING TO PUT ALL OURwm+ MONEY? OUR MEN AND WOMEARE GOING TO E FOR THIS? TH IS A COUNTRY, GWEN, THAT ITS NOTACCUSTOMED TO A CENTRALIZEGOVERNMENT. THISS THE GOVERNMENT THAT QUITE FRANKLY IS T GOVERNMENT THAT THE[ó U.S PUSHED FOR. AND IT'S CORRUPT IT'S INCPETENT.;Y U KNOW, I THINK WE HVE TO THINK TWICE FORE POURING MORE MONEY INTO THIS SYSTEM. I CERTAIY DO NOT LIEVE AT BYXPANDç EXPANDG OUR MILIRY FOOTPRINT IT WIL ACCOMPLISH ANYTHING. BYç ESTABLISHING THE MILITARY FOOTPRIN PRINT IN AFGHANISTAN WE A HELPING TH TABAN GET REUITS. I THINK NEED TO MOVE A VERY DIFFERENT DI°@1RJJy OUR ORIGINAL MISSION WAS TO GO AFTER AL QAED IT HAS MOVEDOu/" PAKIAN. GENERAL JOZ SA THERE ARE THAN 10 MEMBERS OF AL QAEDA IN PAF BEGAN STAN. DO WEEED 1,000-PLUS AMERICAN TROOPS TO GOFTERó&Eç LESS THAN 10 MEMBERS OAL QAEDA. WE NEED TOyM RE-EVALUATE WHAT WE'RE ING.

>> Ifill: ES THE OUTCOME OF THIS ELECTION, EVE IF IT HAD RUN S NATURAL COURSE AND FOR ME REASON ABDLAH ABDULLA D WON, WOULD IT HAVE CHANGED WHAT THE PRESINT'SDECISION- MANG SHOULD BE ABOUTHAT TO DO AS FAR AS TROOPS"g I THINK THAT THE IRREGULARITI IN THE ELECTION DEFINITELY MAKE E PRESIDENT'S DECISION MORE DIFFILT. AND ASSUMING HE MAKES A DECISION TO McCHRYSTAL SOME OR ALL OF WHAT HE ASKED FOR,IT WILL MA THATç DECISION MORE CONTROVERSIA DON'T KNOW THAT LOGICALLY IT SHOULD CHANGE THE NATURE O THAT DECISN. AFTER ALL WE DIDN'T INVADE AFGHANISTAN FOR E BENEFIT OF E PSá$ANS. WE INVADED AFGHANISTAN FOR THE BENEFIT OF THE ARICANS CAUSE OF THE ATTACK ON 9/1ç AND 'VE NOT STAYE THERE FOR THE BENEFIT THE AFGNS. WE'VE STAYEDHERE FOR THE BENEFIT OF ARICANS BECAUSE WE DON'T WANT FUTURE ATTACKS TO BE LAUNCHE FROM AFGHANISTAN OR FROM NEIGHBORING SOCIETIES, ALL OF WHOMOULD BEç RADICALIZED IF AFGHANISTAN PLUNGES BACK INTO DESPREAD CIVIL WAR.

>> Ifill: TH CONGREMAN SAID THE FOC SHOULD BE ON PAKISTAN IF T AFGHANIAN IF THAT'S THE GOAL.

>> I THINK?;ñ PAKISTAN DESERVESA GRTER FOCUS THAN WE'VE GIVEN IT. IT WAS NEGLECTED FORkO MANY YEAR I THINK IT'S APPROPRIATTHAT A OD DEAL MORE ASIEVEANCE AND A GOOD DEAL MORE EFFORT BE PUT INTO PAKISTAN. I DON'T THINK TH MEANS IGNORI AFGHANISTAN.z" THE TERRORISTS WILL GO BACK AND FORTH WHEREVERçm UNDER LEAST PRESSURE. THE LAST TNG WE WT TO DO IS SCCEED IN AFGHANISTAAND JUST HAVE TH ALLOME BACK OVER AND... RATHER SUCCEED IN PAKISTAN JUST TOÑi HE THEM A TAKE OVER AFGHANISTAN AGA.

>> Ill: CONGRESSMAN, ARE YOUç INDEED THE BA COPERE, YOU AND OTHERS WHO HAVE CRITICIZED HAMID KARZAI INCLUDING THE ENVOYS OF THEREGION AND EVEN

>> LOOK AT. I DON'T KNOW IF I'THE BAD COP. WHAT I'M TRYG TO DO IS CALLQ WHAT I SEE HERE IS THE UNITED STATES GETTING SKED INTO A SITUATION, INTO A WAR THAT HAS NOND. YOU KN, I HAVE REPEATEDLY CALL FOR AN EXITç WITH REGD TO OURILITARY. YOU KNOW, I BELIEVE IF YOU'RE GOING TO GTO WAR0Y HAVE A CLELY DEFIN SSION. I DON'T THK WE HAVE A CLEARLY DEFINED MISSION AFGHANISTAN. CLEARLY DEFINEDISSION IS A BEGINNING, A MIDD, A TRANSITION PERIOD AND AN END I'VE ASKo POINT DOES OUR MILITARY CONTRIBUTION TO THE SOLUTION IN AFGHANISTAN COME TO AN END WE COULD BRIN OU TROOPS HOME. I'M NOT LOOKING FOR A DATE SER. I ULD LIKE SOMNE TO TELL ME HOW THIS HAS A HAPPY ENDING. OUR MISSN IN AFGHANISTANIS VE DIFFERENT THAN IT WAS WHEN/+ CONGRESS AUTHORIZED THE USE OF FORCE AGAINST AL QAEDA AFTER 2001. WE HA... THIS WHOLE MISSION IS VERY, VY DIFFERENT. SHOULD HAVE A5 DEBATE ON THIS. I THINK THE POLICYHOULD BE RE-ELUATED IN ITS ENTIRE TEE.? MISTAKE TO EXPAND OUR MILITAR FOOTPRINT THERE. I THINK IT WOULD... AN ESPECIALLY IN THE AFTERMATH OF THIS ELECTN. I DON'T WANT OUR ARICANS DYING FOR A GOVERNMENT THAT IS CORRUPT D INCOMPETT AND THATó STUFFS BALLOTOXES. >>fill: IS THE MISSION DIFFERT, MR. DOBBIN STHZ.

>> I THINK THE MISSION HAS ALWAYS BEEFROM TH MOMENT THAT THEç LIBAN WAS TOPPLED TO TRY T LEAVE BEHIND A GOVERNMENTó[Ñ CAPABLEF CONTROING ITS TERRITORY AND DENYINIT TO EXTREMISTS WHO WOULD PLOT AGAINST THE UNID STATES AND OTHER COUNTRIES O IMPORTANCE TO US. THAT HAS BEEN E MISSIONç FROM THE BEGINNG. THE MISSION WAS OSSLYç UNDERRESOURCED OVETHE EARLY YEARS. AND IT'S ONLY BEEN I THE LT YEAR OR TWO AT WE'VE DEVOTED THE KIND OF ATTENTION TO THIS MISSN THAT IT JUSTIFIES, GIVENç ITS IMPORTCE.

>> IfillWE'LL BEEVOTING MORE ATTENTI TO IT AS TI GOES ON. JAMESç DOINS, CONGRESSMA JIM McGOVERN, THANK YOUOTH VERY MUCH.

>> THANK YOU.

>> A PLEASURE.

>> Lehrer: THI OTHER NEWS TODAY.o7k

>> Lehrer: IN OTHER NEWS TAY, THE TALIBAN DENIED THEAKISTANI ARMY HAD MADE GAINS AGAINST MILITANTS IN ITSATEST OFFENSIVE. OVER DEMOCRAT CRGH DEEDS. IN NEW JERSE, INCUMBENT DEMOCRATICç GOVERNOR JOHN COINE WAS NECK A NECK IN Ek'%i FINAL PLS WITH REPUBLAN CHRIS CHRISTIE. A VACANT CONGREIONAL SEAT IN NEW YORK STATE WAS SO UP FOR ABS. THEEPUBLICAN CANDIDATE QUIT THE RACE OVETHE WEEKEND AFTER AçCONSERVATIVE REVOLT. AND VOTERS IN MAINE NSIDERED REPEALING A LAW ALLOWING G MARRIAGE. THE PROSPECTS OF CONGRS FINISHING WORK ON HEALTHARE REFORM APPEARED TO DIMODAY. SENATE MAJORITY LEADEREID ADDRESSED THE ISSUE TER MEETING WI DEMOCRATS BEHIND CLOSED DOORS.

>> FIRST OF AL WE'RE NOT GOING TO BE BOUND BY ANY TIME LINE WE NEED TO DO THE BESTOB WE CAN FOR THAMERICAN PEOPLE. WE WANT QUITY LEGISLATION, AND WE'RE GOING TO DTHAT. WE'RE GOG TO DO THIS LESLATION AS EXPEDITIOUSLY AS WEAN, BUT WE'RE GOING TO DO IT AS FAIRLY AS WE CA ALSO.

>> Lrer: ON THE HOUSE SIDE, REPUBLICANEADERS FLOATED A BILL THAT INCLUDED HEALTH SAVINGS ACCOUNTSND CAPS ON JU AWARDS IN MEDICAL MALPRACTICE LAWSUITS. IT WOULD N REQUIRE THAT EMPLOYERS PROVIDE INSURAE. WARREN BUFFET ANUNCED HIS COMPANWILL BUY THE BURLINGTON NORTHERN SANTA FE RAILROADOR $34 BILLION. HE CALD IT A WAGER ON THE ONOMIC FUTURE OF THE UNITED STATES.ÑIi FOR THE RECORD, THE RAILRD AN DERWRITER OFç THE NEWSHOUR. ON WALL STREET TODAY, THDOW JONES INDUSTRIAL AVERAGEOST RE THAN 17 POINTS TO CLOSE BELOW 9772. THE NASDAQ ROSE 8 POIN TO CLOSE AT057. BUSES, SUBWAYS, AND TROLLEYS WERE SHUT DOWN IN PHILELPHIA TODAY BY ATRIKE. MEMBERS OF THE TRAIT SYSTEM'S LARGEST UNN WALKED OUT LAST NIGHT AFTER THWORLD SERIES GAME BETWEEN THE PLLIES AND THE NEW YORK YANKEES BY MORNING RUSH HOUR, OUSANDS OF COMMUTERS HAD TO FI ANOTHER WAY TO WORK. E STRIKE INVOLVED SALARY, PENSION, A HEALTH CARE DISPUTES. THE FORMEROSNIAN SERB LEADER RADOVAN KARADZIC MADE HIS RST APPEANCE TODAY AT HIS WAR CRIMES TRIAL IN THE NETHLANDS. HE'S ACCUSED OF GENOCIDE A CRIM AGAINST HUMANITY IN THE SNIAN CIVIL WAR DURING THE EARLY 1990s. KARADZIC TOLD E TRIBUNAL TODAY HE WL NO LONGER BOYCOTT THE PROCEEDING BUT HE AGAIN DEMANDED MORE TIME TO PREPAR HIS CASE.

>> T SITUATION IS SUCH THAT I WOULD REALLY BE A CRIMIN IF I WERE TO ACCEPTHESE CONDITIONS TO ENTER ARIAL AND PROCEEDINGS FOR WHICH I AM NOTREPARED. I CANNOT CHALLENGE ANYING THAT THE PROSECUTION IS GOI TO PUT FORWARD WITH SO MUCH MATERIAL UNLESS IM GIVEN MORE TIME. Lehrer: THE PROSECUTOR REJECTED THAT ARMENT. SHE URGED THE COT TO MAKE SURE THERE'S NO IERFERENCE WITH THE PROGRESS OF THE TRIAL.

>> MR. KARADZIC CANNOT B PERMITTED TO MANIPATE THE OCEEDINGS THROUGH HIS DECISI TO NOT ATTEND HEARINGS. IFECESSARY, FORCE CAN BE USE TO SECURE HIS PRESENCE IN E COURTROOM. THE PRESIDING JUDGCANCELED TOMORROW'S HEARING ANDç VOD TO DECIDE HOW TO PROCEED THIS WEEK. THE PROSECUTION ALLEGES TH FORMER BOSNIAN SERB LEADER W BEHINDHE DEADLY SIEGE OF SARAJE AND A 1995 MASSACRE OF 8,000 MUSLIMS. THE FRENCHN CONSIDERED TO BE THE FATHERF MODERN ANT ROW POLL GEE HAS DIED. HE RESHAPED HIS FIELD OVER SIX DECADES OF WORK. HE FOCUSED ON] PATTERNS OTHOUGHT AND BEHAVIOR AND A WID RANGE OF HUMAN JIIES. CLAUDE LEVI STRAUSS WAS 100 YEARS OLD.ç NOW WHAT'Sç BEHIND SOME GOOD NEWS FOR DETROI AUTO MAKERS? GEOFEY BROWN HAS THAT STORY.

>> BrownNOT LONG AGO BANKRUPT AND POTENTIAL CATASTROPHE. TODAY AT LEAST ME SIGNSA REVERY. G.M. PTED ITS FIRST MONTH GAINN AUTOç SALES SCE THE G.M. POSTED ITS FIRST MONTY GAIN IN AUTO SALES TODAY SIN THE RECESSION BEGAN, UNEARLY 5% FROM A YEAR AGO. FORD REPORTED GAINS, TOOAND IT COMES ONE DAY AFTEIT ANNOUNCED AN UNEXPECTED PROFIT FOR T LAST QUARTERF $1 BILLION. WE LOOK CLOSER AT WHHER A TURNAROUND IS IN T MAKING WITH PAUL INGRASSIA, ANUTOMOTIVE JOURNALIST WSE BOOK "CRASH COSE," ABOUT THE BAILOUTS AND BANKRUPTCIES IN DETROIT, WILBE PUBLISHED BY RDOM HOUSE IN JANUY. AND LOUIS LATAIF, DEAN OF TH BOST UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MANAGEMENT. HE IS ALSO A FORMER TOP EXECUTIVE AT FORD MOR COMPANY. LATE TODAYE SHOULD REPORT E ASSOCIATED PRESS SAIDíñI M. HAS DECIDED NOT TO SELL. PAUL INGRASSIA, I'LL START WITH YOU. I WANT TO START WITH FORD. IT THE MONTHLY SALES INS BUT ALSO THIS SURPRISE ABOok PROFITS. HOW SIGNIFICT IS THIS? AND WHAT ACCOUNTS FOR E GOOD PERFORMANCE?g'b

>> YOUNOW, 'S VERY SIIFICANT, JEFF. I INK THAT IT'S NOT ONLY PROFITS BUT ALSO MOR IMPORTANTLY FRANKLY IT POSITIVE CASH FLOW. A YEAR AGO THI QUARTER FORD HAD A NEGATE CASHURN OFçg $7.7 BILLI WHICH WAS FRIGHTENING. IS YEAR IN THE THD QUARTER THE POTIVE CASHLOW WAS $1.3 BILON. JUSTHE WEEK BEFORE CONSUMER RE( RATINGS ACSSçTS ENTIRE MOL LINEUP CPARABLE TO THOSE OF HON AND TOYOTA WHICH HAVE LONG BE THE INDUSTRY QUALITY LEADERS. LOTS OF GO NEWS AND ALSO SOME REALI JOLTS, IFOU WILL. THE COANY'S BOND RATINGçWAS RAISED BUT STILL 'S STILL DEEP ITHE JUNK BOND TERRITORY BUT IT'S A SADY IMPROVEMENT IN QUALITY AND EADY MANAGEMENT. FRANKLYAVING AVOIDING BANKRUPTCY IS PING DIVIDEn

>> Brown: JUSTO FILL IN THE PICTURE A LITTLE BIT MOR MR. LATAIF, AS Iç; RD'S REVENUES WERE ACTUALLY DOWN SO TH PROFITS ARE REALLY COMING FROM CUTTI COSTS I GUESS, FROM THE PLANTS AND LAY- OFFS? IS THAT IT? OR IS ITok MORE CAR SALES? HOW DO YOU EXPLAIN I

>> WELL, I TNK THE CAR SALESç DO CONTRIBUTE. BUT THE FINANCE PARTOF FO MOTOR COMPANYAS ALWAYS BEEN AN ESSENTIAL PART OF TIR SINESS MODEL. THE FINANCING ARM DIDDO WELL IN THIS QUARTER. THERS LOTS TO BE ENCOURED ABOUT. THE PRODUCTSsu ACCEPTABLE. THE COMPANY HAS DONE A GOOD JOB OF RESTRUCRING. IT IS NOT OVERSTATIN THEIR PROFITS BAUSE THEY DID MENTION THAT THem TO BE FULLY PROFITABLE O AN ANAL BASIS UNTIL PROBABLY A YEAR-AND-A-HALF FROM NOV> BUT THISS CERTAINLY ENCOAGING IN THE FACE OF ALL TH'S HAPPENED IN DETROIT IN THE LAST COUPLOF YEARS.

>> Brown: D STAYING WITH YOU. WHENOU DO LOOKT THE AUTO SALES, THEon SAW, IS IT... I MEANó[Ñ, HOW MUH CAN YOU LL ABOUT HOW MUCH IT IS IS BECAUSE THE ECONOMY OR SOMETHING TT THE MANUFACTURER ITSELF HAS DONE OR WTHER, OF COURSE, TH BIG QUESTION, WILL I SUSTAIN ITSELFç WHAT DO YOU LOOK AT TO KNOW?

>> I THINK THE ECONOMY I COMING BACK SLOWLYL/ui, QUITE SLOWLY. THE SALES RA OF VEHICLES BEFORE THE CRASHAS AT ABOUT 16 MILLION VEHICLES A YEAR. IT CRASHED DO TOk D THAT WAS PRETTY FRIGHTENING FOR ALOF US.ç NO ONE COULD HAVE ANTICIPATED THAT KIND OF A FALL-F IN DEMAND. NO BUSINES PLAN COULD EVER HAVE ANTICIPAT THAT. WELLBEFORE THEASH FORÑi CLUNKERS PROAM WAS RUNNING IN THE 9s, THE MID-9 RGEç ANNUALIZ. SH FOR CLUNKS DID A NICE JOB OF PUSHING IT UP TO ABOUT 12 MILON. IT'S NOW SELED DOWN TO 10,çwKr 10.5 WHICHS ENCOURANG. AT SUGGESTS THAT MORE BYERS ARE FINALLY COMING BACK INTOk THE MARKET. BUT 10.5 IS NOT AVERY EXCING LES RATE INN ABSOLUTE SENSE YOU LIKE TO SEE IT AT 12 13, 14 EVENTULY. SO THECONOMY+XuáILL HAS A WAYS TO GO. I DO THINK THE ECONOM IS ARTING TOó[Ñ BUBBL BACK UPND CONSUMS ARE BEGINNING SPEND AGN.

>> Brown: PL INGRASSIA, FILL IN THE PICTURE ALITTLE BIT MORE. THECONOMY TO G. AND CHRYER.ç BOTH OF THEM OUT OF BANKRUPTCY. BOTH MING FORWARD SUPPOSEDLY WITHç COMEBACKLANS. G.M. HADOOD NEWS IS MONTH. CHRYSLER NOT. AT'S GOING ON THERE? WELL, I THINK THIS REFLECTS AT'S HAPPENED ATACH COMPANY IN THE LAST FEW YEARS.W CHRYSLERPENT AN ABSOTELY DISASTRO DECADE OF OWNERSHIPí% UNDER FIRST OF THE GERMAN DAIMLER BZ ANDHEN UNDER A NEW YK PRIVATE HE CAN QUITY FIRM. SICALLY DURING THIS TIME, VERY LITE NEW PRODUCTS GOT DEVELOPEç. TH PRODUCT PIPELINE AT CHRYSLER ISIRTUALLY DRç GERAL MOTORS HAD SORT OF THE OPPOSITE PROBLEM IN A WAY. RATHER STUBBORNLY INSISTED ON CLINGING TOIGHT BRANDS. THE GOVERNMENT AS PART OF T BANKRUPT=) WKOUT LAST YEAR OR ERLIER THIS YEAR7 WHITTLE TH DOWN TO FOUR BRDS THAT WILL CONTINUE. I MEAN THERE'S STILL EIGHT FOR NOW T FOUR AREEING PHASED OUT OROLD. T IN THOSE CORE FOUR BRANDSon CHEVY, CADILLAC, GMC ANDç. THERE'S ONE MORE. IN THOSE FOUR BRANDS... BUICK, EXCUSE ME. IN THOSE FOUR BRANDS THERE ARE PRETTY GOODÑi PRODUC IN THERE. SO I THINK IT'S... G.M. HAS HAD MOkO OF A COR PRODUCT STNGTH THAN CHRYSLER GOING INTO THI CRIS.

>> Bwn: PAUL, WHENYOU THEN LOOK AT ALL THE, THE BIG THREE HERE, WHEN YOU SEE FORD DOING WELL, IS FO DOINGs AT THE EXPENSE OF THE OTRS? IS IT POSSIBLE THATTO THE EXéEOT THAT THERE IS A RECOVERY UNDERWAY, WE'RE GOING TO SEE IT AFFECTOMPANIES IN DIFFERENT WA?

>> WELL, ABSOLUTELY WE WILL. IN FACT WE'RE ALREADY SEEIN THAT. YES, FO÷ú IS DOIN WELL AT THE EXPENSE THE OTHER COMPANIES. IN PARTw TUALLY QUITE INTERESTING WHEN THE PRIDENT'SAUTO MOTIVE TK FORCE EARLIER THIS YEAR DEBED HOW TOAPPROACH DEALING WITH ANDçó PRHAPS SAVING THE U.S.,HOPEFULLY SAVING T U.S. INDUSTRY, THEY WERE SHARPLYç DIVIDED OVER WHETHER IT WAS WORTHHE EFFORT IN TERMS OF TAX PAYER DOLLARS TO SAV CHRYSLER. THE TASK FORCE WAS QUITE EVENLYPLIT ON THIS AND PRESIDENT OBAMA HIELFkuá CAST THE DEDING VOTE. ONE OF THE REASONSHATç THE TASK FORCE WAS EVENLY DIVIDED ON CHRLER WA THAT SE MEMBERS MAINTAINED THA G.M. AND FORD WULD HAVE A BETTE TIME O PROSPERG, A BETTER CHANCE OF PROSRING,0 IF CHRYSLER W TO GO OUT OF SINESS AND THE WHOLE FEE AT OWNERSHIP AND CONTROL CHRYSLER WAS SOROF A LONG SHOT TSAVE THEOMPANY ANYWAY. WE'LL SEE.

>> Bro: LOUIS LAIF, IN THE MEN TIME THERE A POTENTIAL RUGGLES, OF COURSE,8 HERE. ONE COULD BE WITH TE U.A.W., WHICH EVEN AS?uJ ABOUT NEW PROFITS, THE A.W. IS BALKI AT SOME OF THE POTEIAL CONTCT FOR THE NEXT CONTRACT PERIOD. EXPLAIN E ISSUES THERE.ç PARTICULARLY WHEN THE UION IS LOOKINAT THE COMPANY ANNOUNCING IT'SÑDOING WELL.

>> YES, IT IS COMPLICATED. I INK THE FORD MANAGEMENT WOULD LIKE TO HA THEIR CONTRACTS BE ONANEQUALFOTING THH CHRYSLER ANDENERAL MOTORS HAVE NEGIATED. SOç THAT'S, I THINK, SIMPL WHAT THEY'RE ASKING FOR THE U.A.W., SO THEY WOULD BE FULLY COMPETITE WITH THESE SORT OF GORNMENT-OWNED COMPANIES. THE U.A.W., THE OTHER HA,ç SEES THAT FO IS DOING BETTER ANDOULD RATHER NOT CONCEDE FURTHER BECAUSE lH ALADY MADE CONCESSIONS. IT'S TOUGH ISS. BUT I THINK IF IERE TO REPREST WHAT I THINK FORD# MANAGEMENT ITHINKING UNLESS THEY HAVE A COMPETITIVECOST BASIS, THE LG-TERMç SURVIVABILITOF THOSE JOBS MAY BE IN JEOPARDY. SO THEOK ISSUE NOT TO INJURE THE.A.W., BUT TO PRESERVE THE COMNY, ITS SURVABILITY AND TH JOBS LONG TERM. THAT'SHE DILEMMA TH'S ALWA IN THESE NEGOTIATIONS.

>> Brown: PAUL INGRASSIA, HOW DO YOU SEE THIS GOING FORWA?ç

>> WELL, I THINK IT'S A REALLY TOUGH ISSU I AN FRANKLY THERE RE THREE SERATE ISSUES THAT FORD WANTED FROM THE U.A.W., THE SEPARATE PROVIONS.ç AMENDMENTS BY WAY TO THE CUENT CONTRACT NOT THE NEXT CONTRA. TH WANTED TO FREEZE WAGES FO NEW-HIRES. THE COMPANY ALSO WANTED A NO- RIKE PROVISION UNTIL 2015. ANFINALLY IT WANTED A REDUCTION IN JOB CLASSIFICATIONS AND WORK RULES. TO BE HONEST, THE ONLY REALLY IMPORTANT ONWAS THE LAST GZ THE IS UNLIKELY TO BE A STRIKE IN THE AUTO INDUSTRY OVER THE NEXT FEWEARS BUT E JOB CLASSIFICATIONS AND WORK RES SICALLY SAY LL CAN'T TOUCHTHIS MACHINE BECAE THAT'S A JOB RESERVED FOR SUE OVER THERE AND ONLY SHE CAN?oi TOUCH THAT MACHINE. YOU KNOW, IF SHS NOT A READY, THIS HAS TO IT A HALF HR FOR HER TO G THERE SO THEi ASSELY CAN GET BACK IN MOTION. THE ARE ANTUATED RULES. ONEç MAN'S FEAER BEDDING IS ANOTHEMAN'S JOB, IF YOU WILL. THAT'S WHA FORD IS SORT O HAICAPPED HERE.

>> Brown: WE'RE TALKING MONTHS. WE'RE TALKING QUARTERS NOW.ñM/ WE'LLOOK AHEAD TO HOW ALL IS CONTINUES TO UNFOLD. PAUL INGRASSIA. LOUIS LATAIF, THANK YOU VERY MUCH.

>> THA YOU, JEFF.

>> THANK YOU, FF.

>> Lehrer: THEY DID SO WITH ABOUT A MOH TO GO BEFORE THE U.S. PAICIPATESz-r IN INTERNATIONAL CLIMATE TAS IN COPENHAGEN. NEWSHOURONGRESSIONALoóF:i RRESPONDENT KWAME HOLMAN HAS OUR REPORT.

>> Reporter: THE BILL IS DESIED TO COUNTERACT GLOBAL WARMING BUT SO FAR IT'SDDED TO THEARTISAN HEAT IN CONGRESS. THAT WAS MORNING DEMOCRATIC SENATOR BARBARA BOR OF CALIFORNIA5 CONVENED A MARK-UP IN THE ENVIRONMENT AND PUBLI WORKS COMMITTEE. REPUBLICAN CHAIRS WERE EMPTY EXPT FOR A BRIEF APPEARANCE BYç BOIN VEICH OF OHIO. LIKE MOSTç REPUBLICANS HE OPPOSES THE LL ARGUING THE EFFECTS ON THE ECONOMY HE NOT BEEN FULLY EXAMINED.

>> THE BILL IS A THOUSAND PAGES. THE FACT OF THE MATTER ITHAT THOSE THOUSAND PAGES/+,N THOS THOUSA PAGES THE EIRE ECONOMY IS GOING TO THE BILL WILL HAVE AN UNPRECEDENTED IMPACTN OUR NATION SECURITY, ECONOMY, ENVIRONMENT, AND ENERGY EDS. AND FOR THAT REASON, ALLÑi OF MEMBERS SHOULD HAVE A FULL DERSTANDING OF WHAT THIS MEANS FOR THEISTATWS AND CONSTITUENTS

>> Reporter: BUTEMOCRATS IZED ON THE REPUICANS' ABSENCE.

>> I'M DISAPPOINTED BECAUSE I THINK TH IF MY REPUBLICAN COLLEAGUES WERE HE OFFERING THEIR AMENDMENTS WE'D VEv: A GOOD DEBATE. AND REACH DECIONS. QUE FRANKLIç IHINK WE MIGHT EVEN END UP WITH A TTER BILL.

>> TO THEUTHOR OF THIS GREAT BILL....

>> Reporter: THE OBJECOF THE DISPUTE ISHE LEGISLATION CO-SPONSOR BY BOXERkSrq AND FELLOW DEMOCRAT JOHN KERRY. IT WOULD MDATE CUTS OF IN GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS FROM 205 LEVELS THE YEAR 2020. CAP ISSIONS ALLONCES FOR@/HC AND CREATE A MARKET FOR COMPANIES0TO Y AND SELL POLLUTION PERMITS. YESTERDAY BOXE RECEIVED A LEER FROM THEANKING REPUBLICANS ON COMMITTEES WITH JURISDICTION ON THISSUE.ç ITAID EY WERE DEEPLY TROUBLED BY THE FAILURE TO5 ACCOMMODATE REPUBLICAN REQUESTS FOR MORE INFORMATN OM THE EPA OUT THE PROPOSAL. WHILE MOST COMMITTEE REPUBLICANS BROADLY JECT TO THE BILL[ó, SOME DEMOCRATS ON THE PANEL HAVE RESERVATIONSS WELL.3@ PRODUCING STATES SUCH AS MAX BAUCUS FROM MOANA WHO ARE CONCERNED ABT THE BILL'S POTENTIAL ECONOMICMPACT. BUT TODA BOXER[ ARGUED THE WAS MORE THAN ENOUGH INFORMATION ON THE BILL'S EFFECTS TO MOVE FORWARç

>> A THERE'S NO REASON NO REASON AT ALL, TO DO INITIAL... ADDITIONAL ALYSIS AND SPENDORE TAXmy PARS' DOLLARS DOING IT WHEN THE WORK HAS BEEN DONE.ç THE ONLY RSON IT SEEMTO ME ONE WOULD ASK FOR THAT IS TO DELAY THIS PROCESS.

>> Rporter: TODAY'S STAND-OFF IN THE ENVIRONMENTó[ COMMITTEE HIGHGHTED JUST SOME OF THE CHALLENGES STILL FACING NEW CLIMATE LEGISLATION.zV JEFF HOLMSTEAD RUNS THE ENVIRONMENL STRATEGIES GROUP AT THE LOBBYIN FIRM BRACELL AND GIULNI INASHINGTON D., THE FIRMç REPRESENTS UTILITIES AND OTHER ENGY COMPANS.

>> I THINK THA CLIENTS, THE BIGGEST ISSUES THEY WOULD LIKE TO HAVE SOME SORT OF CST CERTAIN BUILT INTO THE BILL. THE IDEAS TO HVE SOTHING CAED YOU WOULD KNOW WHAT THE ALLOWANC FORWAR

>> Reporter: SUPRTERS OF CUTTING EMISSIONS SAYHE COUNTRY CAN'T AFFORD N TO ACT. BUT EVEN THEY KNOWLEDGE THE HURDLES IN GETTINGSENATE L IELIEVE SINCE ITç CALLS FOR DEEP EMISSION CUTS THAN A BILL ALREADY PASSEBY THE HOUSE. PAUL BDSOE WORKS FOR THE NATIONAL COMMISSION ON ENERGY POLICY. >>OU CANNOT NEGOTIATE7m INTERNATIONALLY WHAT YOU CAN'T DELIVER DOMEICALLY. I THINKç THE OBAMA ADMINISTRATION IS GOINTO HAVE TO STICK VERY CLOSE TO THE KINDS OF EMISSIONS REDUCTIONS THAT WERE ITHE HOUSBILL BECAUSE THAT'S PROBaB$Y THE MOST WE' GOING TO GET FOR T U.S. CONGRESS.í/]

>> Reporter: IN TH MEANTIME EUROPEANFFICIALS TODAY PRESSED SHINGTON TO A. GERMAN CHANCELLOR ANGELA MERKEL TOLCONGRESS THERE IS NOç TIME TO LOSE. AND PRESIDT OBAMA MET WITH TOP OFFICIALS OF?7ó THE EUROPEAN UNION. HE SAID THEY AGREED IT'S IMPERATIVE TO MA PROGRE TOWARD A FRAMEWORK INTERNATNAL AGREEMENT. >>ehrer: NOW, ANOTHER CLIMAT ANGE STORY, BUT ONE REACHING BACK TO THE EARLIEST ORIGI OF HUMAN HISTORY. TOGHT'S "NOVA" EXPLORES A PROVOCATIVNEW THEORY ABOUT OSE POSSIBLE CONNECTIONS. HERE'S AN EXRPT. THE NARRATOR IS LANCE LEWM.

>> Reporter: TWO MILLION YEARS AGO WHAT JUMP-STARTED MAN EVOLUTION?ç SCIENTISTS ALL OVER AFRI LOED FOR CLUESx. HE IN KENYA, TY FOUND SOME.ç AT THE SOUTHERN END OF THE EAT RIFT VALLEY. IT'S A HOT BED OF TTONIC ACVITY WHERE ANCIENT LAYE E FORCED TO THE SURFACExD. TEN MILLION YEARSç AGO AFRICA WAS A MUCH WETT PLACE. A TROPICAL NGLE WHICH HAS BEEN SLOWLY DYING OUT EVER SINCE.ç BUT THESE ROCKS[o IN KENYA SHOW THAT AFRICA'S GRADUAL DRYING TRENWAS PUTUATEDY BURSTS OF WILD CLIMAT FLUCTUATION.lp RICKOTS IS AN EXPERT IN READING THE ROCK

>> THISú PRESENTS ABOUT A THSAND YEARS OF ENVIRONMEAL STABILIT. BUTHEN WE HAD AN ABRU LCANIC ERUPTION AND EN THE LAKE WASROUND FOR PERHAPSíRÑ 500 YEARS BEFORE A DOUGHT AND THE LAKE CAME BACKç. SO IN SOME SES WE SAW THIS THROH LAYER AFTER LAYER OF ENVINMENTAL CHANGEç

>> Rorter: WITH HIS TRAINED EYE, RICK COULDEE SOME LAYERS WERE ONCEñr KE BEDS. OTHERS DEST SANDS. STILOTHERS CAMEROM LCANIC ERUPTIONS, A SNAPSH OF A MILLION YEAR OFo STORY.ç THISOBSERVATION LED HIMO AN AZING NEW IDEA: RAPID CHANGE AS A CATALYST FOR OUR EVOLUTIOç

>> I BEGAN TTHINK THAT, WLL, MAYBE IT'S NOTHEW PARCULAR ENRONMENT OF A SAVANNAH THA WAS IMPORTANT BUT THE TENDENCY OF THE ENVIRONMENT TCHANGE.

>> Reporter: AGAINST THE BACKv: DROP O A SLOW-DRYING TREND, AFRI WASç PERIODICALLY PULSING WITH CLIMATE CHANGE. WE DRY, AND THEN WET AGAIN. SOMETIMES THE SPACE OF A OUSAND YEARS. PUNISHINDROUGHT, ALTERNATE WI STORMS ANDMONSOONS.÷ú RIVERS AND FORESTS SPRANGP AND THEN TURNED TO DRY GRASSLAND. ALL INHE ELUTIONARY BLINK OF AN EYE. OFUR IDEAS FROM THE SLOW DRYING OUT TOÑi THIS INCREDIB ANGE BETWEEN WET AND DRY, WET AND DR Reporter: WHAT EFFECT DID THAT HAVON OUR ANCESTORS? COULTHESE PERIODS OF CLIMATE INSTABILITYç B THE KEY TO DERSTANDING THE EVOLUTIONARYç LEAP FROM SMALL BI-PAL APES TO THE LARGER BRAINED TOOL MAKE HOMOHABILIS.ç

>> Lehrer: BEGINNI TONIGHT-- AND OVER THE NEXT REE WEEKS-- "NA" WILL ANSWER THAT QUESTION AND OTHERS ABOUT HAN ORIGINS. PLEA CHECK YOUR LOCAL LISTINGS FOR THE TIME. AND U CAN TRACE THE ORIGINS OF MAN IN AINTERACTIVE FAMILY TREE. THAT'S ON NOVA'S WEB SITE. FOLLOW LINK FROM OURS, newsho.pbs.org. NOW, THE LATEST ON THE FLOUT FROM THE MADOFF AFFA. JUDY WOODRUFF S OUR STORY.

>> Woodruff: BERNA MADOFF IS NOW BEHIND BARS, BUT THE CONSUENCES OF HIS GIANT PONZI SCHEME ARE FAR FROM ER. TODAY HIS LOTIME ACCOUNTANT, DAVID FRIEHLING, PLEED GUILTY IN FEDERAL COURT TO NI CRIMINAL CHARGES STEING FROM HIS RO IN PRODUCING AUDITS THAT HELPED COEAL THE SCHEME. NS OF BILLIONS OF DOLLARS WE LOST BY THOUSANDS OF VICTI WHO WERE DEFRAUDED. EFFORTS TO RECOV ANY OF THE MONEY ARE GOG SLOWLY. DIANE HENRUES IS A SENIOR FINANCIAL WRITER AT TH"NEW YORK TIMES" WHO HAS EN COVERING THE STORY, ANSHE WAS BACK IN E COURTROOM THIS RNING. DIAN US AGAIN. FIRST OF ALL, TELL US WHO THIS MAN DAVID FRIEHLING I IS TT THE RIGHT PRONUNCIATION? AND TELL US HIS ROLE. >>HAT IS CORRECT.kO HIS ROLEAS TO ESSENTIALLY CREATE ORç RBER-STAMP THE FINANCIAL STATENTS THAT MADOFF FILED FOR DECADES WITH THE SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSIONND OCCASIONALLY PROO INVESTORS. HE WAS SUPPOSED TO BE THE INPENDENT CERTIFIED ACCOTANT THAT WAS WHAT THE WORLD THOUGHT HE WAS. IN FACHE WASN'T INDENDENT ANHE WASN'T THOROUGHLY OR EVEN BARELYç CHECKING ANY OF THE FIGURETHAT MADOFF GAVEç HIM.

>> Wdruff: WHATAS HE EADING GILTY TO TOD?

>> A CPLICATED SET OF CHARGES THAT INVOLVED BOTH BEIN ENGAGED IN A FRD, NAMELY, THEçóRAUD OF CREATING WHAT LOOKED LIKE A GENUINE AUT BUT WASN'T.ç T ALSO AIDING AND ABETNG E FRAUD OFCREATING THOSE. HEINSISTED IN COURT, JUDY, THAT HE NEVER KNEW BERNIE-DOFF I SCME. HE ADMITTED AT HE WAS DEBERATELYç NOT PRODUCING LEGITIMATE AUDITS. ADMITTED THAT HE D THAT FOR YEARS. BUT HE INSISTED HE DID NOT KNOW THAT DOING THAT, HE WAS ENABLING THIS PONZI SCHEI REGULATORY ATTENTION.5

>> Woodruff: STHE PROSECUTORS MUST HE QUESTIONED H CLOSELY ABOUT THE DIFFERENCBETWEEN THE TWO?

>> ACTUALLY,NO. THE PROSECUTORS HAVE ENTERED IN As WITH MR. FRIEHLING THAT WAS QUITEçNTRIGUING TO ME. THEY HAD CRGED HIM WITH X CRIMINAL COUS LAST SPRING AND HE HAD BE NEGOTIATING WITH THEM THROUGHO THE SUMMER. LAST FRIDAY T PROSECUTORSç ANNOUND THAT THEY WERE ADDING A SINGLE OBSTRUCTN OF THEç TAXAWS COUNT TO THOSE CHARGES. WH HE SHOW UPN COURT TODAY, THERE RE ACTUALLY THREE OF THOS TAX-BASED OBSTRUCTION CHARGE SO CLEARLY SOMETHING HS HAPPENED RECENT THAT HAS MADE MR. FRIEHLING A VERY VALUABLE WNESS WIT TO TAX SUES. WEON'T KNOW YET WHATIT IS BUT IT WILL BE CERTAINLY INTERESTINTO FOLLOW. >>oodruff: THE JUDGE I GATH, THE JUDGEECIDED TODAY HE IS NOT A FGHT RISK. HE DID LET HIM GO HOME?

>> THERE WN'T A LOT OF DISCUSSION ABO IT. HE DID Lç HIM GO HOME. I MUST ADMIT TH THE OF US WHO D COVERED THE DOUBLE ATTETS BY THE PREVIOUS GUILTY DEFENDANT IN TH CASEç TO GET OUTN BAIL WERE A LITTLE SURISED. T THE JUDGE ACCEPTED THE;: RMS THAT THE GOVERNMENT GGESTED. AND MR. FRIEHLING WT HOME TO HIS FAMILY TONIGHT.

>> Woodruff DIANE, VE US A SENSE ç WHAT IT WAS LIKE IN THE URTROOM. WHATID YOU SEE THERE?

>> WELL, IT WAS REALLY A N!(éLE BIZARRE,UDY. IT STARTED OUT WITH TYPICAL CRIMIN COURT ARRAIGNMENTFOR A TOTALLY UNRELATED CRIME SEVEN OR EIGHT VERY LARGE, VERYç UNPASANT LOOKING PEOPLE BEING TROOPEINç WITH ARMED GUARDS TO BE ARRAIGNED WHIL ALL THE REST OF THE WHITE COLLAR CRIMINAL CROWD WAS SING IN THE COURTROOM WAITING INCLUDINTHE DEFENDANT.g3 WHENHAT WINALLY TAKEN CARE OF, THE MOVED ON TO9w÷i MR. FRIEHLING'S CASE. THE JUDGE WAS VERY METICULOUS. HE WALKED PEOPLE VERY CAREFULLY THROUGH WHAT THESE RIOUS CHARGES WERESEVERALç TIMES PROMPTING THE U.S. ATTORNEY HERSELF T EXPANDN THE EXPLANIONS.ç HE PRESSED A COUPLE OF TIMES FOINFORMATION THAT THE PROSECUTORS REFUD TO GIVE HIM. FOR EXPLE, INFORMATION OUT WHO ELSEç'S PERSONAL TAX FILINGS, MRFRIEHLING HADç PREPARED BESIDES BERNIE MADOFF WHO HE ADMITTED HAVING DONE.

>> Woouff: DIA, I ALSO WANTO ASK YOU ABOUT THIS NEWS THAT CAME OUTúER THE WEEKEND E INSPECTOR GENERAL FOR THEEC DID AN INVESTIGATION ABOUT WHAT HAPPENEDTHERE, WHY THEY MISSED THE SCHEM TELL US ABOUT WHAT CAME OUT. PRETTY INTERESTI MATERIAL THERE.

>> IT WA YOU COULD ALST SAY TH, YOUç KNOW WEOT THE NES LAST MONTH WHEN T INSPECTOR GENERAL'S FULL REPORT CAMEUT. WHICH THE CLIFF NOTES WE BASED.O THE REPORTHAT CAME OUT LAST MONTH ESSENTIALL WAS SCATHING TOWARDS THE SEC. ITçbJa NUMEROUS CREDIBL TIPS AUTç BERN MADOFFVER THE YEARS AND HAD BEGUN NUMEROUS INVESTIGATIONS AND HADOTCHED EVY SINGLE ONE OF THEM. THAT REPORT ME OUT LAST MONTH THç TAALIZING LITTLE REFERENCES T EXHIBIT 42 AND EXHIBIT 237i SCATTED ALL THE WAY THROUGH THE REPORT. WELL, ON FRIDAY NIT, ACTUAL FRIDAY LATE AFTERNOON TO BE FAIR,÷ú 57 PAGES OF THOSE TANTALING EXHIBITS BECAME PUBLIC.t TH WAS MY PERSONALARATHON OVER THE WEEKEND HERIN NEW RK.

>> Woodruff: BERNARD MADOFF HIMSELF IS IS QUOTED IN ERE AS SAYING THAT HE WASÑSr SURPRISED HE WASN'T CAHT?

>> YES, IT'S EXHIBITd 104 FOR READERS WHO WA TO FOLLOW ALONG. IT WAS AN AMAZING CONVERSATION. HE NOT ONLY SID HE WAS AMAZED HEIdO6U GET CAUGHT. HE ALMOST LECTED THE INECTOR GENERAL ABOUT THE RIGHT WAY TO INVESTIGATEç A NZI SCHEME. HERE'S H YOU SHOULD GO ABOU IT I YOU REALLYANTED TO CATCH ME. BUT HE DID SAY ACTLLY IN MORE SERIOUS MOMENTS TT IT HAD BEEN Aç NIGHTMARE EVERY TIME EXAMINERS SHOED UP AT HISç FIRM BECAUSE HE FELT LIKE HE WAS ON A KNIFE ED. ON TWO OCCASIONS WHICH ARE DETAED THERE HE THOUGHT FOR CAUGHT. THE OBVIOUS XT STEP÷ú THAT INVESTIGATORS WOD TAKE, AS FAR AS HE WA CONCERNED WOULDç CLEARL SHOW THAT H WAS A FRAUD. HE WAITED FORHEM TO TAKE THAT STE WAS TONISHED WHEN THEY DIDN'T.

>> Woouff: DOE&o THAT GIVE AUS CLEAREPICTURE OF WHAT THE SEC DID-kMúK WRON

>> IT DOES. T JUST HISACCOUNT BECAUSE AFTER ALL HE IS A CONFEED CRIMINAL. BUT IF YOU READ THROUGH T DOZENS AND DOZENOF TRANSCRIPTS IN WHICHhuvm MID LEL W LEVEL AND SENIOR SEC< ECUTIVES DESCRIBE WHAT THEY DID, WHY THEY DID IT, WHAT THE BASIS FO EIR ULTIMATELY VERY MISGUIDED DECISIONS WITH RESPECTç TO THES INVESTATIONS WERE, YOU G A PICTURE OF VY POORLY MANAGEDi INVESTIGATIONSEING DONE BY UNSEASONED PEOE WHO WERE OFTEN JUST UNWILNG TO ASK FOR HELP. I'M SURET'S A LITANY OFokm INFORMATION THAT'S GOI TO MAKE AOT OF PROUDç FORMER S.E. LAWYERS FEEL A LITTLE HEART BROKEN

>> Woodruff: DIANEHENRIQUES, FASCINATING, DISTUING FINDINGS HER& THANK U VERY MUCH. GOOD TO SEE YOU AGA.

>> THANK YOU, DY. THANKS.ç

>> Lrer: AND FINALLY TONIGHT, FEDERAL STIMUS MONEY AND A SCHOOL SYSTEM IN UPSTATE NEW YORK. THE REPORTER IS JOHN TULKO OF LEARNING MATTERS TELEVISN, WHICH ODUCES EDUCATION STORIES FOR THE "NEWOUR." WALKER STARTED HIGH SOOL IN ROCHESTER NEW YORK HIS LDQRNING DISABILITY MDE GRADUATION SM UNLIKELY.

>> SOMETIMES I'D BEHAVING PRLEMS GURING THINGS OUT. SOMETIMESñi I'D BE READING SOMETHINAND DIDN'T GET IT. I WOULDRAISE MY HND. I D DOING. I JUST WASN'T LEARNING

>> Reporter: BUT A PROGRAM TO TRAIN STUDENTSITH SPECIAL NEEDS FOR WORK FORCEç, ROCHESTER'S WORK EXPIENCE PROGRAM, PUT ANDREW ON TRACKP FOR ON-TI GRADUATION. NOA SENIOR,E'S IN SMALL ACADEMIC CLASSES THAT ET EVERY MOING,Ñ AFTERNOOHE EARNS SCHOOL EDIT BUILDING THIS HOUSE.

>> WHEN IT'Sç FINISHED I COU ST COME BACK AND LOOK AT IT LIKE, AH, I DID TH. THAT PRETTY BEAUTIFUL.

>> Reporter: BUT WITH THE ECONOMY INç RECESSION, ROCHESTER SCOLS BEGAN CUTTING BA ON PROGRAM LIKE THIS ONE.ç CARLENE IS THE DIRECTOR.

>> I WENT TO LOK AT RTAIN BUDGET LINES THEY WE MARKEDLY DIFFERENT THAN WHAT I HAD EXPECT.

>> Reporte HOW DIFFERENT? ç SOME LES SAID ZERO. THAT'S LITTLE SCARY WHEN YOU'REOOKING AT AY+ SLARY LI. THIS CAN'T BE RIGHT. THIS C'T BE RIGHT BECAUSE WE CAN'T RUN THE PROGRAM. Reporter: WORK EXRIENCE WASN'T THE ONLY PROGRAM IN JEOPARDY.OK JEAN CLAUDE ORSEES ROCHESTER'S 60 SCHOOLS AND ITSÑó BUDGET O $700 MILLION.

>> WE HAA $50 MILLION BUDGET SHORTFALL COMI INO LAST SCAL YEAR. AT THEIME WE WERE PREDICTING ABOUT 500 LAY-FS"f0N5 CREA A BIG PROBLEM FOR THE DISTRICT. WE COULDN'T PUTW500 INDIVIDUALS IN THE STREETS.

>> Reporter: THEN IN FEBRUY THPRESIDENT SIGNED A STIMULUS SENDING $1 BILLION TO THE NATION SCHOOLS TO BE SPENTw3 OVER TWOEARS. BECAUSE WE KNOW AMERICA CAN'T TCOMPETE THEç WORLD TOMORROW IF OUR CHILDREN ARE BEING OUTEDUCATED TODAY, WE'RE MAKING THE LARGEST INVESENT IN EDUCATION IN OUR NATION'S HISTORY. ( APAUSE ) .Ñi

>> Repter: THIS YEARç, ROCHESTER'S ARE WAS ABOUT 0 MILLION. HERE AND IN MOST OER STRICTS, THE BULK OF THE MONEY RESTORED JOBS. 1.6 MILLION BROUGHT BK THE STAFF OF T WORK EXPERIENCE

>> WE HAVE AN ALTERNATE PAWAY TO GRADUATION. WE HE AN OPPORTUNITY FOR UDENTS TO HAVE CHOICE. TH COULD HAVE BEEN A BIG,BIG LO.

>> 1, 2ç,, 4, 5.

>> Reporter: 116,000 FRO THE STIMULUS ALSO RESTORED STRONG STARTo-jó, AROGRAM SERVING 757 KINDERGARTENNDç FIRST GRADERS.

>> I LIKE THE WAY YOU'RE ING .

>> Reporter: CRDINATOR CONNIE WAS SAVEDROM A LAY-OFF.

>> MANY OF OUR CLDREN COME IN T RECOGNIZING SIC¿ú5"d THEYON'T HAV BASI VO"c VOCABULARY. WE CATCH THE PROBLEMS EARLY ON ANHAVETHE CHILDREN HAVE AN EXA BOOST SO THEY WOULD BE ABLE TO SCEED IN THE YEAR COME.

>> Reporte STIMULUSçó DOLLARS NOT ONLY AVERTED CUTS. THEY ALSO HELPED SUCCESSLç SCHOOLS LI THIS ONE GROW.

>> GREETINGS FOR TODAY.nD

>> Reporter: THIS ISHE DISTRICT'S MOST POPULAR ELEMENTARY SCHOO CET OVER 100 FAMILIES ARE ON A WAITING LI TO GET IN. ROXANNE NRY'S ILDREN GOT IN BY LOTTERY.

>> MKIDS HAVEPPORTUNITIES HERE THAT I WASN'T AB÷ú TO HAVE AT SUCH A YOUNG AGE

>> Reporr: HOWS YOUR KIDS' EDATION DIFFERENT?ç

>> IT'S SO MUCH TACTILE. THEY GET TO FEEL IT AND TOUCH IT AND SEE IT AND EXPERIENC . GROWING UP, MOSTLYEAD ABT IT.7s HERE THEY'RE DOING IT. IT MAKES SUCH A BIG DIFFERENCE FOR THEM.

>> Rorter: WORLD OF INQUIPy USES A MODELALLED EXPETIONARY LEARNING. HERE SEMESTER NG RESECH PROJECTS TAKE STUDENTS IO THE COUNITY.

>> IT'Sw EXPERTN A SUBJECT LIKE WE WENT TO THE Z LAST YEAR WHEN I WAS IN FRIFTIFTH GRADE. YOWOULD ASK LIKE AR THEY REALLY MEAN? WOD THEY EAT YOUç AFT THEY ALREADY ATE SOMETHING?

>> Reporter: THE SOOL HAD TRENDOUSz AND MATHEMATICS RIGHT NOW IT'S NUMBER ONE IN SCIENCE, NUMBERNE IN MAEMATICS IN THE CITY OF ROCHESTER. 70% OF ITSñfi KIDS CE IN AT OR BELOW POVEY LEVEL.

>> Reporter: TO HELP FAMILI LING UP TO CO ROCHESTER OPENED A SECOND SCHOOL JT LIKE IT. 95,000 DOLRS IN STIMULUS MONEIS GOING TO TRAIN THE ACHERS.ó[Ñ HOW MUCH TRAING WILL THE STAFF HEREET?

>> THREE TO FIVE YES OF WOç INTENSELY WITH US.

>> Reporter: CHERYL IS WITH EXPETIONARY LEARNING, EDUCATION NONPROFS LIKE HS ARE SEEKING OUT STIMULUS[ CONTRAS NATIONALLY. TESTING COMPANIES ARE ASO LINING UP CORACTS.g+Vp LIKE MANY DISTRICTS, ONE OF ROCHESTES BIGGEST PURCHASES, THREE QUARTERS OF A MILLION DOLLARS, I FOR SOFTWARE AND STS TO TRACK7h[TUDENT PERFORNCE. DO YOU REALLY THINK WE NEED MORE TTS?

>> Y.ç WE HAVE OFTEN FRAGMENT DATABASES. I WANT TO BEBLE TO EASILY TIE IN PROAMS TO KIDS TO EFFECTIVENESSDHZ THOS PROGRA. IT'S HARD DO THAT.

>> Rorter: OVERALL THE STIMULUS HELPED ROCHUS, THE LINE. THE 500 Y-OFFS EXPECTED ONLY 12 TEACHERS LOSTJOBS. NATIONALLY, ACCORDING TO THE U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUTIONç, THE STIMULUS VED SOMEç 325,000 EDUCATIONJOBS BUT THAT NUER MAYROP AS ECONOMIC CONDITIONORSEN. AND INACT IN NEW YORK AND OTHER STATES W BUDGET GAPSok HAVE EMERGED ANDNEW CUTSARE CONG.ç CITIES LIKROCHESTER ARE TRYING TO PROTECT PRRAMS THE STIMUS RESTORED.

>> WORKING O FIGURI OUT HOW TO KEEP OSE PROGRAMS BY BEING MO EFFICIENT, BY LOOKING FOR OTHER OPPOUNITIES. WE'RE LOING AT A STAFFGok REDUCTION ER THE NEXT THREE YEARS, BUT PEFULLY IT THROUGH ATTRITION. IF WE DON'T, THE INEVITABLE WILL FACE US IN ABOç A YEAR OR TWO.

>> Reporter: ALREADY ROCHESTER HA ELIMINATEDsw$ SOME 200 POSITIONS THUGH RETIREMENT AND ATTRITION. T IT HAS MORE SCALING-BACK TO DO. HERE A ELSEWHERE SMULUS FUNDS RUN OUT INWO YEARS.ç IF DISTRICTS CANNOT COME UP WITH REPLACE MANY MONEY OF THR OWN,ç THEN PROGRAMS THE STIMULUS PAID FOR MAY AGAIN DISAPPEA Lehrer: AGAIN THE MAJOR LçiúR AGAIN, THE MAJOR DEVELOPMENTOF THE DAY. AFGHAN PRESIDENTARZAI CALLED FOR UNITY AND PLEDGEBROAD- BASED REFORM WITHOUT OFFERING ANY SPECIFICS. ANU.S. SENATE MAJORITY LEADER REID SERVED NOCE THAT FINAL ACON ON HEALTH CARE REFORM MAY SLIP TILL XT YEA TE TODAY AUTHORITIES IN CLEVELAND SAID THEY FOD FOUR MORE BODES AT THE HOME OF A CONVICTED RAPISTN ADDITION TO THE SIX FOD LAST WEEK.ñr ON NEWSHOUR.PBS ON Jtz AN ON- LINE ONLYEATURE TONIGHT WE HAVE A NEW EDITION OFAUL LMON'S MANG SENSE PAGE E FINANCIAL CRISIS. FINDUT WHAT THE NEW RES ARE FOR CREDIT CARD SO AND WHAT THEY'LL MEAN FOR YOU AND UL ANSWERS ECONOMICS QUESTIONSç FR HIGH SCHOOL STENTS AROUND THE COUNTRY. AL ON OUR WEBSITE WE'L HAVE TODAS OFF-JIRIEX RESULTS THROUGHOUT THE EVENING TONIGHT. THEY'LL INCLUDE THOSE FROM THE/ KEY RACES NEW JERSEY, VIINIA, AND NEW YORK. AND WE/LM SEYOU HERE TOMOOW EVENING. R NOW, I'M JI LEHRER, THANK YOU AND GOOD NIG. AT THE WORLD NEEDS NOW ENGY. MAJOR FUING FOR THE NEWSHOUR WITH JIM LEHRER IS PROVIDEBY:

>> WHAT THE WORLD NEEDS NOW IS ENERGY. THE ENERGY TO GETHE ECONOMY HUMMG AGAIN. THENERGY TO TACKLE CHALLENGES KE CLIMATE CHANGE. WHAT IF THAT ERGY CAME FROM AN ERGY COMPANY? EVERDAY, CHEVR INVESTS $62 MILLION IN PPLE, IN IDEAS-- SEEKING, TEACHING, BLDING. FUELING GROWTH AROUNTHE WORLD TO MOVUS ALL AHEAD. TH IS THE POWER OF HUMAN ENERGY. EVRON. AND MONSANTO. AND BY TOYOTA. AND BY GRANT TRNTON.

>> AND BY THE BILL ANDELINDA GATES FOUNTION. DEDICATED TO THEDEA THAT ALL PEOPLE DESERVE THE CHANCTO LIVE A HEALTHY, PRODUCTI LIFE. AND WI THE ONGOING SUPPORT OF THESE INSTITUTIONS AND FOUNDATIONS. AND. THIS PROGRAM WAS MADPOSSIBLE BY THE CORPORATION FOR PUBLIC BADCASTING. ANBY CONTRIBUTIONS TO YOUR PBS STATION FROM VIEWE LIKE YOU. THANK YOU. Captioning sponsod by MacNEIL/LEHR PRODUCTIONS Captionedy Media Access oup at WGBH accs.wgbh.org