PBS NewsHour; June 23, 2015 3:00pm-4:00pm PDT

Captioning sponsored by NEWSHOUR PRODUCTIONS, LLC

>> Ifill: AS COMPANIES AND GOVERNMENTS LINE UP TO PULL BACK THE CONFEDERATE FLAG, THE FINE LINE BETWEEN SYMBOLS OF HERITAGE AND HATE. GOOD EVENING, I'M GWEN IFILL.

>> Woodruff: AND I'M JUDY WOODRUFF, ALSO AHEAD THIS TUESDAY: AN EXODUS TO EUROPE, A GREEK ISLAND TRANSFORMS INTO A GATEWAY TO THE CONTINENT, OVERRUN BY MIGRANTS CROSSING THE MEDITERRANEAN.

>> ONE DAY WE HAD 11 BOATS IN ON THESE BEACHES ALONE. I JUST LOOK AFTER A SMALL BIT OF COASTLINE, AND THEY COME ALL THE WAY DOWN AROUND THE ISLAND.

>> Ifill: PLUS AFTER LOSING

>> Ifill: PLUS, AFTER LOSING THEIR SON TO GUNFIRE, THE STORY OF A MOTHER AND FATHER'S FIGHT FOR JUSTICE. A NEW FILM EXPLORES RACE, GUNS AND STAND YOUR GROUND LAWS.

>> EVEN THOUGH WE RECEIVED THE VERDICT WE KNEW WE SHOULD HAVE RECEIVED FOR JORDAN, WE STILL DON'T HAVE OUR CHILD.

>> AT THE END OF THE DAY, NO MATTER HOW MUCH TIME SOMEBODY GETS IT'S NOT ENOUGH.

>> Woodruff: THOSE ARE SOME OF THE STORIES WE'RE COVERING ON TONIGHT'S PBS NEWSHOUR.

>> MAJOR FUNDING FOR THE PBS NEWSHOUR HAS BEEN PROVIDED BY:

>> AND WITH THE ONGOING SUPPORT OF THESE INSTITUTIONS AND...

>> THIS PROGRAM WAS MADE POSSIBLE BY THE CORPORATION FOR PUBLIC BROADCASTING. AND BY CONTRIBUTIONS TO YOUR PBS STATION FROM VIEWERS LIKE YOU. THANK YOU.

>> Ifill: A DRIVE TO CONFRONT THE PAST AND TAKE DOWN THE CONFEDERATE FLAG GAINED MOMENTUM TODAY. IT WAS FUELED BY OUTRAGE OVER THE MASSACRE LAST WEEK AT A BLACK CHURCH IN CHARLESTON, SOUTH CAROLINA. MAJOR RETAILERS, INCLUDING WAL- MART, AMAZON, SEARS AND E-BAY, ANNOUNCED THEY'LL STOP SELLING THE REBEL EMBLEM. AND, A LEADING SUPPLIER, "VALLEY FORGE FLAG", SAID IT WILL NO LONGER MAKE THE BANNERS. MEANWHILE, HUNDREDS OF DEMONSTRATORS GATHERED IN COLUMBIA, SOUTH CAROLINA, DEMANDING THE FLAG'S REMOVAL FROM STATE CAPITOL GROUNDS.

>> WE ARE ASKING RIGHT NOW THAT EVERY MEMBER OF THE SENATE, EVERY MEMBER OF THE HOUSE, WOULD DECIDE TO MAKE THIS DAY, THIS DAY, THE DAY THAT THE FLAG COMES DOWN.

>> Ifill: STATE LEGISLATORS TOOK INITIAL STEPS TOWARD CONSIDERING BILLS TO MOVE THE FLAG TO A MUSEUM. WE'LL HEAR ABOUT RELATED STEPS IN OTHER STATES, AND ABOUT WHAT HAPPENS NEXT, AFTER THE NEWS SUMMARY.

>> Woodruff: THE SENATE MOVED TO THE BRINK TODAY OF GIVING PRESIDENT OBAMA A MAJOR WIN ON TRADE. SUPPORTERS WON A KEY PROCEDURAL VOTE ON A "FAST TRACK" BILL MAKING IT EASIER TO PUSH TRADE AGREEMENTS THROUGH CONGRESS. IT WOULD CLEAR THE WAY FOR AN ASIAN TRADE PACT. BY 60 TO 37, SENATORS SENT THE BILL TOWARD FINAL CONGRESSIONAL APPROVAL TOMORROW. BUT, THE DEBATE CONTINUED EVEN AFTER THE VOTE.

>> IT WILL INDICATE AMERICA'S BACK IN THE TRADE BUSINESS. IT WILL ALSO SEND A MESSAGE TO OUR ALLIES THAT WE UNDERSTAND THEY'RE SOMEWHAT WARY ABOUT CHINESE COMMERCIAL AND POTENTIALLY MILITARY DOMINATION AND THAT WE INTEND TO STILL BE DEEPLY INVOLVED IN THE PACIFIC.

>> Woodruff: CONGRESS IS ALSO

>> THIS IS AN IMPORTANT DAY IN THIS COUNTRY FOR SURE BECAUSE THEY HAVE ANOTHER CORPORATE-SPONSORED TRADE AGREEMENT THAT WILL MEAN MORE MONEY IN SOME INVESTORS' POCKETS. IT WILL MEAN MORE PLANT CLOSINGS IN OHIO AND ARIZONA AND DELAWARE AND RHODE ISLAND AND WEST VIRGINIA AND MAINE AND ALL OVER THIS COUNTRY.

>> Woodruff: CONGRESS IS ALSO WORKING ON A SEPARATE MEASURE TO AID THOSE WHO LOSE JOBS TO IMPORTS. THE PRESIDENT WANTS BOTH BILLS, AND THE WHITE HOUSE WOULD NOT SAY TODAY IF HE WILL SIGN ONE WITHOUT THE OTHER.

>> Ifill: THE ADMINISTRATION IS READY TO RELENT ON HOSTAGE POLICY, AND LET FAMILIES PAY RANSOM TO TERROR GROUPS. THAT'S WIDELY REPORTED TO BE PART OF A BROAD REVISION SET FOR RELEASE TOMORROW. FAMILIES OF AMERICANS KILLED BY ISLAMIC STATE MILITANTS SAY THEY'VE BEEN THREATENED WITH PROSECUTION FOR PURSUING RANSOMS.

>> Woodruff: IN SYRIA, KURDISH FIGHTERS PUSHED EVEN CLOSER TODAY TO THE ISLAMIC STATES DE FACTO CAPITAL. KURDISH FORCES, BACKED BY U.S. AIR STRIKES, CAPTURED A MILITARY BASE AND A KEY TOWN JUST 30 MILES OUTSIDE RAQQA, THE ISIS STRONGHOLD. THE MILITANTS RESPONDED WITH AN AUDIO MESSAGE THAT PROMISED THEIR ULTIMATE VICTORY.

>> Ifill: U.N. OFFICIALS SAY THE BATTLE WITH ISIS IN IRAQ HAS DRIVEN MORE THAN THREE MILLION PEOPLE FROM THEIR HOMES. THE SUNNI MILITANTS MADE A LIGHTNING ADVANCE ACROSS NORTHERN IRAQ LAST SUMMER FORCING MANY SHIITES AND OTHER MINORITIES TO FLEE FOR THEIR LIVES.

>> Woodruff: A HEAT WAVE SCORCHING PAKISTAN'S LARGEST CITY HAS NOW KILLED MORE THAN 620 PEOPLE, SINCE THE WEEKEND. HUNDREDS OF PATIENTS CROWDED HOSPITALS IN KARACHI TODAY, SUFFERING FROM HEAT EXHAUSTION. AS TEMPERATURES TOPPED 110 DEGREES, POWER OUTAGES LEFT PEOPLE DESPERATE AND ANGRY.

>> ( translated ): THE GOVERNMENT IS RESPONSIBLE FOR THIS WHOLE CRISIS. THE HOUSES ARE DEPRIVED OF POWER. THERE IS NO ICE AVAILABLE IN THE MARKET. THE HEAT IS UNBEARABLE. PEOPLE, ESPECIALLY THE ELDERLY PEOPLE ARE DYING OF INTENSE HEAT. THE GOVERNMENT IS NOT THINKING OF A SOLUTION.

>> Woodruff: THE ANGER HAS SENT MOBS INTO THE STREET, PROTESTING THE OUTAGES AND LACK OF WATER.

>> Ifill: RESCUES OF MIGRANTS IN THE MEDITERRANEAN SOARED IN THE LAST 24 HOURS, WITH MORE THAN 2,700 PEOPLE BROUGHT ASHORE. SHIPS FROM SEVERAL EUROPEAN COUNTRIES TOOK PART IN OPERATIONS OFF THE COAST OF LIBYA. THE ITALIAN COAST GUARD SAYS THEY WENT TO THE AID OF 18 DIFFERENT BOATS. WE'LL HAVE A REPORT ON THE WAVE OF MIGRANTS REACHING GREECE LATER IN THE PROGRAM.

>> Woodruff: A WARNING TODAY FROM THE U.N. CHILDREN'S AGENCY: MILLIONS OF CHILDREN STILL FACE HUNGER, DISEASE AND DEATH, DESPITE UNPRECEDENTED ECONOMIC GROWTH. "UNICEF" SAYS CHILDREN IN POOR NATIONS ARE NEARLY TWICE AS LIKELY TO DIE BEFORE THEY TURN FIVE. IT WARNS THAT WITHOUT GLOBAL ACTION, ANOTHER 68 MILLION CHILDREN UNDER FIVE WILL DIE BY 2030, MOSTLY FROM PREVENTABLE CAUSES.

>> Ifill: ON WALL STREET TODAY THE DOW JONES INDUSTRIAL AVERAGE GAINED 24 POINTS TO CLOSE ABOVE 18,140. THE NASDAQ ROSE SIX POINTS. AND THE S-AND-P ADDED JUST ONE POINT.

>> Ifill: STILL TO COME ON THE NEWSHOUR: SYMBOLS OF HERITAGE AND HATE IN THE SOUTH; ENDING A "CULTURE OF VIOLENCE" AT RIKERS ISLAND IN NEW YORK; MIGRANTS OVERRUN A GREEK ISLAND AS THEY MAKE THEIR WAY TO EUROPE; REGULATING HOW POLITICAL CAMPAIGNS USE ROBOCALLS; A NEW FILM DOCUMENTS ONE CASUALTY OF STAND YOUR GROUND LAWS; AND, STORIES NOT TRENDING ON EDUCATION AND HUMAN RIGHTS.

>> Wooduff: THE WAVE OF REACTIONS TO THE CONFEDERATE FLAG TODAY REACHED INTO STATE CAPITOLS ACROSS THE SOUTH. THE GOVERNORS OF VIRGINIA AND NORTH CAROLINA BOTH CALLED FOR TAKING THE CONFEDERATE FLAG OFF SPECIAL-ORDER LICENSE PLATES. U.S. SENATE MAJORITY LEADER MITCH MCCONNELL OF KENTUCKY SAID A STATUE OF JEFFERSON DAVIS SHOULD BE TAKEN OUT OF THE STATE CAPITOL ROTUNDA. AND IN MISSISSIPPI, THE STATE SPEAKER OF THE HOUSE CALLED FOR THE REMOVAL OF THE CONFEDERATE EMBLEM FROM THE STATE FLAG. WE LOOK NOW AT THE SOUTH OF WE USE THIS MOMENT TO TAKE A LOOK AT THE SOUTH OF TODAY WITH RUSSELL MOORE THE PRESIDENT OF THE SOUTHERN BAPTIST RUSSELL MOORE IS THE PRESIDENT OF THE SOUTHERN BAPTIST CONVENTION'S ETHICS & LIBERTY COMMISSION. JACK HUNTER IS A RADIO HOST AND BLOGGER WHO HAS USED THE IDENTITY "THE SOUTHERN AVENGER". AND FROM ATLANTA IS ISALLA WILKERSON, THE PULITZER-PRIZE WINNING AUTHOR OF "THE WARMTH OF OTHER SUNS" ABOUT SOUTHERN BLACK MIGRATION. WE WELCOME ALL THREE OF YOU TO THE PROGRAM. WILSON -- RUSSELL MOORE LET ME START WITH YOU. WHAT ROLE DOES THE CONFEDERATE FLAG PLAY IN THE IDENTITY OF THE SOUTH TODAY DO YOU BELIEVE?

>> I THINK CONFEDERATE BATTLE FLAG IS A SYMBOL THAT CAUSES A GREAT DEAL OF DIVISION AND REMINDS US OF A HURTFUL LEGACY AND PAST. I THINK PEOPLE SEE IT IN DIFFERENT WAYS. WHAT SOME PEOPLE SEE IN THE CONFEDERATE FLAG IS A SENSE OF SOUTHERN ASSERTION THAT THE SOUTH MATTERS. SO FOR INSTANCE I WAS AT A CONFERENCE ONE TIME WHERE THE SPEAKER, EVERY TIME HE WOULD REFERENCE SAYING SOMETHING IGNORANT, WOULD DO IT IN A SOUTHERN ACCENT. I THINK THERE ARE S SOUTHERNERS, BLACK AND WHITE WHO FEEL AS THOUGH THE REST OF THE COUNTRY LOOKS DOWN ON THE SOUTH AS UNEDUCATED AND BACKWARD, AND FOR SOME PEOPLE THAT WAS A SIMILAR BALANCE OF DEFIANCE AGAINST THAT, BUT IT'S REALLY CLEAR THE WAY THE CONFEDERATE BATTLE FLAG HAS BEEN USED, NOT ONLY INITIALLY IN TERMS OF THE CONFED RAL STATES OF AMERICA, BUT IN OUR MORE RECENT HISTORY IN TERMS OF TERRORIST ACTS AGAINST AFRICAN-AMERICANS, THAT THIS IS A SYMBOL THAT CAUSES UNNECESSARY DIVISION.

>> Woodruff: JACK HUNTER YOU WROTE THAT YOU USED TO BELIEVE IT WAS POSSIBLE TO THINK OF THE CONFEDERATE FLAG NOT HAVING TO DO WITH RACISM, BUT YOU NO LONGER THINK THAT'S POSSIBLE. WHY IS THAT? WHY HAVE YOU CHANGEED?

>> BECAUSE IT'S NOT POSSIBLE. FIRST OF ALL. THAT'S THE MISTAKE A LOT OF CONFEDERATE FLAG DEFENDERS MAKE, PART OF WHAT RUSSELL WAS SAYING. THEY SAY IT'S ABOUT STATE'S RIGHT, THEY SAY IT'S ABOUT HERITAGE. THEY SAY IT'S ABOUT EVERYTHING YOU CAN POSSIBLY IMAGINE THAT'S HONORABLE AND GOOD AND DECENT WHILE IGNORING THE VAST HISTORY OF RACIAL TERRORISM FROM SLAVERY TO THE SAMAJ TOJUA KU KLUX KLAN TO JIM CROW TO A DERANGED MAN WALKING INTO A CHURCH IN MY TOWN OF SOUTH CAROLINA AND MURDERING NINE PEOPLE IN COLD BLOOD FOR THE COLOR OF THEIR SKIN. ALL THAT IS ASSOCIATED WITH THE SOUTHERN FLAG. THIS IS A WAKE-UP CALL FOR THE NATION AND THE SOUTH AND MAYBE CHARLESTON WHERE THIS ALL STARTED THAT THAT SYMBOL DOES IN THE MEAN TO MOST AMERICANS WHAT IT MEANS TO THE PEOPLE WHO ADMIRE IT MOST. AND THE PEOPLE WHO DO ADMIRE IT ARE PROBABLY SMALLER THAN EVER AND THE PEOPLE WHO FEEL NEGATIVELY TOWARD THE CONFEDERATE FLAG ARE PROBABLY LARGER THAN EVER. IT'S TIME TO MOVE ON. IT'S TIME FOR THE FLAG TO COME DOWN. IT JUST DOESN'T REPRESENT WHO WE ARE AS A PEOPLE, AS AMERICANS ANYMORE.

>> >> Woodruff: ISABELLA WILKERSON, I WOULDN'T ASK YOU TO SPEAK FOR ALL AFRICAN-AMERICANS IN THE SOUTH, BUT HOW DO YOU YOUR FAMILY MEMBERS PEOPLE CLOSE TO YOU, HOW HAVE YOU LOOKED UPON THE CONFEDERATE SYMBOL?

>> AS YOUR OTHER GUEST HAS INDICATED, IT'S A SYMBOL OF SUBYOU IMMIGRATION, PAIN AND TERROR FOR GENERATIONS. I THINK MANY PEOPLE IN OUR COUNTRY, WE DON'T THINK ABOUT HOW LONG THIS INSTITUTION WAS IN PLACE. IT WAS IN PLACE FOR 12 GENERATIONS. I MEAN, IMAGINE HOW MANY GREATS YOU WOULD HAVE TO AID TO GRANDPARENT IN ORDER TO COVER THAT MANY FAMILIES, GENERATION AFTER GENERATION. SO THIS IS SOMETHING THAT AFRICAN AMERICANS ARE STILL DEALING WITH TO THIS DAY. WHEN YOU THINK ABOUT THIS VERY BASIC EFFORT TO TRY TO TRACE ONE'S GENEALOGY, YOU COME TO A STOP AS AN AFRICAN AMERICAN IN THIS COUNTRY FOR MOST AFRICAN AMERICANS WHEN IT COMES TO ENSLAVEMENT. THAT'S HOW AFRICAN AMERICANS STILL DEAL WITH THIS TO THIS DAY. THIS IS ACTUALLY QUITE REAL. AND IT'S VERY PERSONAL FOR MANY PEOPLE.

>> Woodruff: RUSSELL MOORE, WHAT DO YOU THINK IT MEANS IF THE FLAG IS NO LONGER GOING TO BE A PROMINENT OR EVEN A PARTIAL SYMBOL OF THE HISTORY OF THE SOUTH, THE STORY OF THE CONFEDERACY?

>> WELL, I DON'T THINK THAT THE STORY GOES AWAY. WE HAVE TO REMEMBER OUR PAST SINS AS WELL AS OUR PAST GLORIES AS A REGION AND AS A COUNTRY. WHAT I DO THINK IT MEANS IS THAT THE SOUTH RECOGNIZES NOW STARTING TO RECOGNIZE NOW THE DARKNESS OF SOME OF THAT PAST AND ALSO THE FACT THAT THE SOUTH DOESN'T JUST INCLUDE WHITE PEOPLE. SOUTHERNERS, TO SAY THAT ONE IS A SOUTHERNER DOES NOT SIMPLY MEAN THAT ONE IS A WHITE SOUTHERNER. WE HAVE GREAT DIVERSITY IN THE SOUTH. AND SO WE CARE A LOT ABOUT FAMILY IN THE SOUTH AND I THINK WHAT'S HAPPENING IS NOT THAT WE'RE KICKING ANYBODY OUT OF THE FAMILY REUNION. WE'RE SAYING THAT ROBERT E. LEE IS PART OF OUR STORY, BUT SO IS MARTIN LUTHER KING. STONEWALL JACKSON IS PART OF OUR STORY. THAT'S AN IMPORTANT DEVELOPMENT AND ONE WE SHOULD ENCOURAGE.

>> Woodruff: JACK HUNTER IS IT POSSIBLE TO STILL APPRECIATE THE HISTORY OR TO HAVE ANY APPRECIATION OF THE HISTORY, THE HERITAGE OF THE ROLE OF THE CONFEDERACY AND AT THE SAME TIME TRY TO HAVE AN IDEA THAT IS FRANKLY THAT HONORS TODAY THE ROLE THAT AFRICAN AMERICANS PLAY IN THE SOUTH?

>> SURE. THOSE HAVE COEXISTED FOR A LONG TIME. THE QUESTION IS WHAT SORT OF TREATMENT SHOULD THEY RECEIVE THAT'S MORE RESPECTFUL TO THE MAJORITY. SORT OF COMING FROM THAT BACKGROUND WHERE I DEFENDED THAT SYMBOL FOR SO MANY YEARS, I THINK IT'S SUCH A SHAME THAT PEOPLE ARE SO MUCH MORE WORRIED ABOUT BEING RIGHT THAN BEING DECENT. AND THAT'S WHAT A LOT OF THIS COMES DOWN. TO THEY WANT TO BE RIGHT. THEY WANT TO MAKE THEIR POINT ABOUT WHAT HAPPENED ON A CERTAIN HISTORICAL DATE AND YOU DON'T UNDERSTAND THIS. I WOULD, YOU KNOW TELL ANYBODY TODAY, IF MY FELLOW WHITE SOUTHERNERS WHO STILL DEFEND THAT SYMBOL, YOU DON'T HAVE THE RIGHTS TO TELL A BLACK AMERICAN THAT THEY DON'T UNDERSTAND WHAT THAT SYMBOL MEANS. IT MEANS SOMETHING DIFFERENT TO THEM THAN IT MEANS TO YOU. I THINK THAT'S PART OF THE CONVERSATION WE'RE SEEING IN CHARLESTON RIGHT NOW.

>> Woodruff: BUT YOU BELIEVE THAT'S CHANGING?

>> I DO. I THINK IT'S FOR THE BETTER. IT WON'T BE OVERNIGHT BUT THIS MIGHT BE A HISTORICAL MOMENT RIGHT NOW WHAT WE'RE SEEING. THIS TRAGEDY, IF THERE IS A SILVER LINING. I'M FROM CHARLESTON, SOUTH CAROLINA. I WAS NOT... I WAS VERY HAPPY BUT NOT SHOCKED TO SEE PEOPLE COMING TOGETHER IN MY HOMETOWN, AND I THINK MAYBE WE CAN DO THAT AS A NATION. I THINK WE'RE CHANGING THE NATIONAL CONVERSATION.

>> Woodruff: ISABELLA WILKERSON, WHAT DO YOU SEE WHEN YOU LOOK AT THE SOUTH AND YOU BEGIN TO TAKE THE CONFEDERACY CLEARLY AS PART OF THE HISTORY BUT WHEN YOU TAKE HONORING THE CONFEDERACY, YOU BEGIN THE TAKE THAT OUT OF THE SOUTH AND THE PICTURE OF THE SOUTH TODAY?

>> WELL, I THINK WE'RE AT A KARMIC MOMENT FOR THE SOUTH, BUT FOR OUR COUNTRY AS A WHOLE. YOU THINK ABOUT THE LAST FOUR YEARS IN WHICH HISTORICALLY SPEAKING WE'VE BEEN COMMEMORATING THE SEN TEN CAL OF THE SIEVE WAR. SOUTH CAROLINA WAS FIRST STATE TO SI SEED FROM THE UNION. SOUTH CAROLINA WAS WHERE THE FIRST SHOTS WERE FIRED AND THIS PAST WEEK THE MASSACRE AT MOTHER EMANUEL A.M.E. CHURCH OCCURRED ON THE NIGHT BEFORE JUNETEENTH, WHICH IS A SACRED DAY FOR AFRICAN AMERICANS THE DAY WHEN THE LAST ENSLAVED PEOPLE WERE SET FREE IN TEXAS WHICH WAS TWO AND A HALF YEARS AFTER THE EMANCIPATION PROCLAMATION. SO THIS HISTORY IS INESCAPABLE. IT SEEMS AS IF WE'RE COMING FULL CIRCLE. AND THE HISTORY AND AS IT'S PLAYING ITSELF OUT EVEN KNOW SEEMS TO BE INEVITABLE.

>> Woodruff: RUSSELL MORE, FOR THOSE WHO SAY, I THINK YOU POINTED OUT A MINUTE AGO WHAT HAPPENED DURING THE CIVIL WAR THE CONFEDERACY IS A PART OF SOUTHERN HISTORY. WHAT DO YOU SAY TO THOSE WHO SAY, I DON'T WANT TO FORGET THAT. IT'S STILL THERE.

>> WELL, I THINK WE CAN REMEMBER A PAST WITHOUT CENTRAL ALREADYIZING PARTS OF OUR PAST THAT WE OUGHT TO SEE AS WRONG. I HEARD SOMEONE SAY THAT CONCERN OVER THE FLAG IS SENSITIVITY TO MICROAGGRESSIONS, TO WHICH MY RESPONSE IS TO SAY THAT KIDNAPPING AND ENSLAVING PEOPLE BREAKING UP FAMILIES TERRORIZING FAMILIES, IF THAT'S NOT A MACROAGGRESSION, I DON'T KNOW WHAT IS. AND THE BATTLE FLAG SYMBOLIZES THAT, AND SYMBOLS. MATTER. REMEMBER THE DEBATE ABOUT BURNING THE AMERICAN FLAG. BURNING AN AMERICAN FLAG DOES SOMETHING, IT COMMUNICATES SOMETHING. AND SO I THINK WE CAN REMEMBER OUR HISTORY. WE HAVE TO, OR ELSE WE WILL FALL RIGHT BACK INTO THE SAME PATTERNS, BUT TO DO SO IN A WAY THAT UNDERSTANDS WE COME FROM A FALLEN PEOPLE ALL OF US, AND AS A CHRISTIAN, THE BIGGEST PROBLEM WITH MY FAMILY TREE IS NOT JEFFERSON DAVIS IT'S ADAM. I BELIEVE THAT WE'RE ALL CREATED IN THE IMAGE OF GOD AND WE'RE ALL FALLEN SINNERS. I THINK WE CAN RECOGNIZE THAT AS WE LOOK BACK WARD IN HISTORY.

>> Woodruff: JACK HUNTER, HOW SHOULD THE REST OF THE COUNTRY LOOK UPON THE SOUTH?

>> RIGHT NOW THEY SHOULD LOOK AT US WITH SOME OPT SIMILAR. I CAN'T THINK OF A TIDE CHANGE ON THIS ISSUE OR ANYTHING EVEN REMOTELY CLOSE IT TO IN THE LAST FEW DECADES. AND I THINK THAT'S ENCOURAGING. I THINK THAT MORE SOUTHERNERS THAN EVER ARE UNDERSTANDING THE SYMBOL DOES NOT REPRESENT A COUNTRY, DOESN'T REPRESENT THE REGION IN THE WAY IT SHOULD, THAT DOES NOT MEAN YOU CAN'T HONOR YOUR ANCESTORS WHO FOUGHT FOR A POLITICAL BATTLE THAT IS IMPORTANT, THAT DOES NOT MEAN THAT, BUT IT DOES MEAN THAT YOU CANNOT SAY THE SYMBOL REPRESENTS EVERYONE. THAT'S WHAT I THINK PEOPLE ARE SEEING HAPPENING IN THE SOUTH TODAY.

>> ISABEL WILKERSON THE REST OF THE COUNTRY, HOW SHOULD THEY BE LOOKING AT THE SOUTH RIGHT NOW?

>> I THINK THE SOUTH WE SHOULD REMEMBER A VITAL AND IMPORTANT PART OF THE REST OF THE COUNTRY AND THE COUNTRY LOOKS TO THE SOUTH, ONE WOULD HOPE, FOR HOPEFULLY ANSWERS TO HOW TO DEAL WITH THIS ENDURING ANCIENT QUESTION, THESE TENSIONS AND CONFLICTS THAT HAVE CAST A CLOUD OVER US FOR SO LONG. AND IT WOULD JUST BE SO WONDERFUL IF THE ANSWERS COULD ACTUALLY COME FROM THE SOUTH ITSELF.

>> Woodruff: WE THANK YOU ALL THREE FOR JOINING US.

>> THANK YOU.

>> THANK YOU.

>> Ifill: NOW, TO "BROKEN JUSTICE," OUR SERIES ON THE CHANGING ATTITUDES ABOUT THE CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM AND HOW WE DETAIN AND PUNISH PEOPLE IN AMERICA. THE CITY OF NEW YORK HAS ANNOUNCED IT WILL ENACT SWEEPING REFORMS AT RIKERS ISLAND, THE COUNTRY'S SECOND-LARGEST JAIL. THIS FOLLOWS A CLASS ACTION LAWSUIT OVER INMATE ABUSES. THE CHANGES INCLUDE: A NEW FEDERAL MONITOR TO OVERSEE THE JAIL; NEW GUIDELINES FOR THE TREATMENT OF TEENAGED INMATES; REVISED POLICIES ON WHEN GUARDS CAN USE FORCE AGAINST INMATES; AND THE INSTALLATION OF 7,800 NEW SURVEILLANCE CAMERAS. THE FACE OF MANY OF THESE REFORMS HAS BECOME KALIEF BROWDER, A FORMER RIKERS INMATE, WHO AT THE AGE OF 16, WAS ACCUSED IN 2010 OF STEALING A BACKPACK. HELD AT RIKERS FOR MORE THAN A THOUSAND DAYS WITHOUT A TRIAL BEFORE HE WAS RELEASED. HE NEVER RECOVERED FROM WHAT TURNED INTO A BRUTAL DETENTION AND COMMITTED SUICIDE EARLIER THIS MONTH. JENNIFER GONNERMAN IS A STAFF WRITER FOR THE NEW YORKER MAGAZINE. SHE PROFILED BROWDER DURING HIS THREE YEARS IN JAIL AND HAS BEEN REPORTING ON RIKERS FOR MORE THAN A DECADE. JENNIFER GONNERMAN EXPLAIN HOW KALIEF BROWDER AFTER YEARS OF DETENTION, HOW DID HE BECOME THE FACE OF THIS STORY.

>> I MEDICAL CAL EARLY -- I MET KALIEF AND WROTE A PROFILE ABOUT HIM FOR "THE NEW YORKER" WHICH RAN LAST OCTOBER. ONE THING THAT DREW ME TO KALIEF'S STORY IS THE FACT THAT ALMOST EVERYTHING THAT COULD GO WRONG IN THE CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM HAD HAPPENED TO HIM. YOU MENTIONED SOME OF THE THINGS, BUT HE WAS IN JAIL, IN RIKERS ISLAND FOR THREE YEARS WAITING FOR A TRIAL THAT NEVER HAPPENED. ULTIMATELY THE CHARGES AGAINST HIM WERE DROPPED. HE ENDURED ABUSE BY INMATES AND GUARDS. HE SPENT ABOUT TWO YEARS IN SOLITARY CONFINEMENT. HIS STORY IS EXTRAORDINARY IN THE DETAILS OF HOW HORRIFIC IT WAS. AND AS YOU MENTIONED IN THE INTRODUCTION EARLIER THIS MONTH HE COMMITTED SUICIDE AT HOME HERE IN THE BRONX IN NEW YORK CITY.

>> Ifill: YOU WERE ABLE TO GET HOLD OF SOME SURVEILLANCE FOOTAGE FROM INSIDE THE PRISON, WHICH SHOWS KALIEF BROWDER AS THE TARGET OF SOME OF THESE ATTACKS. WE WANT TO PLAY A LITTLE BIT ABOUT THAT. BUT I WANT YOU TO TALK ABOUT THE CULTURAL VIOLENCE WE'RE TALKING ABOUT HERE IN THIS PARTICULAR VIDEO WE SEE HIM WALKING WITH A GUARD WHO FOR NO APPARENT REASON BEGINS TO ASSAULT HIM.

>> RIGHT. YOU KNOW ABUSE AT RIKERS ISLAND HAS BEEN A PROBLEM FOR A VERY LONG TIME, BUT IT'S GOTTEN MUCH, MUCH WORSE IN THE PAST DECADE. THAT'S WHAT YOU'RE SEEING AT PLAY IN THE VIDEO, WHERE YOU HAVE AN OFFICER SUPPOSEDLY JUST ESCORTING KALIEF TO THE SHOWER BUT INSTEAD THROWS HIM TO THE GROUND. AND FOR THAT TRANSGRESSION WAS NEVER ACTUALLY PUNISHED DESPITE THE FACT THAT WE HAVE THIS VIDEO UP ON "THE NEW YORKER"'S WEB SITE IN APRIL WHEN OTHER REPORTERS WERE CALLING THE DEPARTMENT OF CORRECTION TO ASK WHAT WAS HAPPENING TO THIS OFFICER, THEY WERE MERELY SAYING HE WAS BEING "RETRAINED. ".

>> Ifill: HOW DOES THE SEM REACHED BETWEEN THE CITY OF NEW YORK AND THE U.S. ATTORNEY HOW DOES IT BEGIN TO ADDRESS THESE PROBLEMS, ESPECIALLY FOR TEENAGERS AND FOR THE MENTALLY ILL?

>> YOU KNOW ONE OF THE THINGS ABOUT THIS AGREEMENT, WHICH IS REALLY QUITE HISTORIC, IS HOW INCREDIBLY SWEEPING IT IS. THE DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE JOINED UP WITH THE LAWSUIT BROUGHT BY THE LEGAL AID SOCIETY HERE IN NEW YORK AND A COUPLE PRIVATE LAW FIRM AND WHILE LEGAL AID HAS BEEN SUING THE CITY OVER CONDITIONS IN ITS JAILS FOR TWO OR THREE DECADES, THIS IS THE FIRST TIME THAT THEY HAVE COME TO AN AGREEMENT THAT AFFECTS EVERY JAIL IN THE SYSTEM, EVERY INMATE IN THE SYSTEM THAT'S SWEEPING IN SCOPE AND SO DETAILED AND SO FOR THAT REASON IT'S QUITE HISTORIC IN GIVING HOPE TO SOME PEOPLE THAT MAYBE REAL REFORMS AND LASTING REFORMS MIGHT ACTUALLY HAPPEN THIS TIME AROUND.

>> Ifill: BUT IN REALITY HOW DOES ONE TRACK THE USE OF FORCE. OBVIOUSLY A LOT OF CAMERAS, A LOT OF VIDEOS LIKE WE SAW BUT PERHAPS MORE.

>> DOESN'T SOMEONE HAVE TO FOLLOW UP?

>> EXACTLY. THAT'S ONE OF THE MOST DISTURBING THINGS. THIS VIDEO WHERE IT SHOWS THE OFFICER THROWING KALIEF TO THE GROUND. YOU KNOW, THAT VIDEO IS OBVIOUSLY SHOT BY A CITY CAMERA. SURVEILLANCE CAMERA INSIDE. I WAS INSIDE THE SOLITARY CONFINEMENT UNIT ON RIKERS ISLAND, AND YET NOTHING HAPPENED EVEN THOUGH, AS YOU SAY, EVEN THOUGH THE VIDEO EXISTS, SOMEBODY HAS THE WATCH IT. SOMEBODY HAS TO TAKE ACTION AND MAKE SURE THAT JUSTICE IS BROUGHT IN EACH AND EVERY ONE OF THESE CASES, AND THAT'S OFTEN WHERE THINGS FALL DOWN.

>> Ifill: ISN'T THAT THE POINT OF HAVING A FEDERAL MONITOR TO OVERSEE RIKERS IS ABOUT?

>> EXACTLY. IT'S LONG OVERDUE THAT WE HAVE MORE OUTSIDE EYES, YOU KNOW THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT GETTING INVOLVED AND REALLY PAYING VERY CLOSE ATTENTION TO WHAT'S GOING ON IN RIKERS ISLAND. PART OF THE REASON WHY THINGS GOT AS BAD AS THEY DID IS THAT PEOPLE JUST WEREN'T PAYING ATTENTION, WHETHER POLICY-MAKERS, GOVERNMENT OFFICIALS, EVEN THE MEDIA GOING BACK SEVERAL YEARS JUST RIKERS WAS NOT ON PEOPLE'S RADAR. THINGS WERE PERMITTED TO GET VERY, VERY BAD.

>> Ifill: THE U.S. ATTORNEY FOR THE SOUTHERN DISTRICT IN NEW YORK WHO WAS THE ONE WHO WORKED OUT THE SETTLEMENT WITH THE CITY, HE LIKEDDEN THE CONDITIONS INSIDE LIKERS TO A "LORD OF THE FLIES" ENVIRONMENT. WAS HIS INVOLVEMENT WHAT TURNED THIS INTO WHAT IT IS NOW?

>> I THINK THAT'S DEFINITELY TRUE. LAST AUGUST THE U.S. ATTORNEY RELEASED A REPORT ABOUT THE CONDITIONS IN THE ADOLESCENT JAIL ON RIKERS ISLAND, WHICH WAS A 79-PAGE REPORT AND IT WAS ABSOLUTELY BLISTERING. I'D NEVER ACTUALLY READ A GOVERNMENT REPORT THAT WAS AS DAMNING AS THIS ONE AND WENT INTO GREAT DETAIL ABOUT THE ABUSES THAT 16 17 YEAR OLDS 18 YEAR OLDS WERE ENDURING ON RIKERS ISLAND. AND THAT'S THE FIRST STEP IN THIS PROCESS. AT THAT TIME IT DIDN'T SOUND LIKE THE U.S. ATTORNEY WAS GOING TO BRING A LAWSUIT AGAINST NEW YORK CITY. BUT THINGS GOT WORSE AND WORSE. AND THAT'S WHAT THEY ULTIMATELY DID, JOIN IN THIS OTHER CLASS ACTION LAWSUIT THAT LEGAL AID HAD. AND THAT'S WHERE WE ARE TODAY. MONTHS LATER WITH THIS NEW LEGAL AGREEMENT, AND THAT'S EXACTLY WHY I THINK HIS INVOLVEMENT IS WHY THIS IS GOT THE BEST CHANCE OF REFORM YET.

>> YOUR REPORTING CERTAINLY MADE A DIFFERENCE AS WELL. JENNIFER GONNERMAN, AS A NEW YORKER, THANK YOU.

>> THANK YOU SO MUCH.

>> Wooduff: IN ATHENS TODAY GREEK PRIME MINISTER ALEXIS TSIPRAS WAS FORCED TO DEFEND BILLIONS OF DOLLARS IN BUDGET SAVINGS THAT HE OFFERED IN TALKS WITH THE COUNTRY'S CREDITORS. SOME IN HIS OWN PARTY ACCUSE THE LEADER OF CAVING IN TO PRESSURE FOR MORE AUSTERITY. THE NATION FACES THE PROSPECT OF BANKRUPTCY IF A DEAL WITH LENDERS ISN'T REACHED BY JUNE 30TH. AS IF THAT'S NOT ENOUGH, GREECE HAS ALSO BEEN HIT WITH ANOTHER CRISIS, WHICH IS STRAINING ITS SCARCE RESOURCES EVEN FURTHER. SPECIAL CORRESPONDENT MALCOLM BRABANT EXPLAINS IN THIS REPORT FROM ONE OF THE COUNTRY'S FAMED ISLANDS.

>> Reporter: ON THE ISLAND JUST FOUR MILES FROM THE TURKISH COAST, IT FEELS LIKE THE WORLD IS EMPTYING AND WALKING IN THIS DIRECTION.

>> HI.

>> Reporter: THE EXODUS IS PROPELLED BY WAR, TYRANNY, PERSECUTION AND POVERTY. THE MAGNETIC PULL OF EUROPEAN PROSPERITY AND PEACE IS IMPOSSIBLE TO RESIST. SOON HOSTILITY AND REJECTION WILL TEMPER THE EMOTION OF A SAFE LANDFALL. BUT FOR THE MOMENT, EUPHORIA VALIDATES THE EXORBITANT ONE-WAY TICKET.

>> MOSTL AFGHANIS TOOK ABOUT 25 MINUTES TO COME ACROSS. MAINLY FIVE OR SIX CHILDREN. THAT BOAT THERE WAS ABOUT 50 PEOPLE. SO IT WOULD BE $50,000 AMERICAN U.S. DOLLARS. IT'S $1,000 A HEAD FOR THE TRAFFICKERS.

>> Reporter: DAWN COMPELLED AN ENGLISH EXILE TO SHEPHERD A ONE-WAY TIDE TOWARD A NETWORK OF HELPING HANDS.

>> ONE DAY WE HAD 11 BOATS ON THIS BEACH ALONE. I JUST LOOK AFTER A SMALL BIT OF COASTLINE. THAT MORNING OVER HALF A MILLION DOLLARS JUST ON THESE BEACHES HERE IN A COUPLE HOURS.

>> Reporter: SINCE THE START OF THE YEAR, AN ESTIMATED 25,000 MIGRANTS, A QUARTER OF ALL THOSE ENTERING EUROPE ILLEGALLY, HAVE LANDED ON THESE SHORES. THE ISLAND HAS A POPULATION OF 90000. THE STRAIN IS COLOSSAL. WHERE HAVE YOU COME FROM?

>> I COME FROM AFGHANISTAN. THERE IS NO PEACE IN AFGHANISTAN.

>> Reporter: HOW HAPPY ARE YOU TO BE IN EUROPE?

>> I AM VERY HAPPY TO COME TO EUROPE.

>> Reporter: BECAUSE?

>> BECAUSE THERE IS PEACE. THERE IS A LOT OF EVERYTHING.

>> GO THERE.

>> THANK YOU VERY MUCH.

>> IT'S TERRIBLE WHAT'S HAPPENING TO THESE PEOPLE.

>> Reporter: THE FORMER MAYOR OF THE TOWN.

>> I'M TRYING TO DIRECT THEM TO GO TO THE PLACE WHERE USUALLY PEOPLE, LOCAL PEOPLE HELP THEM. THEY'LL PREPARE RIGHT NOW SANDWICHES AND WATER AND OTHER THINGS THEY'RE GOING TO GIVE THEM. THE SYMPATHY OF THE PEOPLE THAT LOST THEIR COUNTRY, THE SYMPATHY THAT I'LL HAVE FOR MY PEOPLE HERE OR ANYBODY ELSE UNDER THESE CONDITIONS, UNDER THE WAR THAT IS HAPPENING THAT'S GOING ON. THEY ARE FORCED TO LEAVE THE COUNTRY. THAT'S THE SYMPATHY THAT YOU HAVE FOR THESE PEOPLE.

>> Reporter: BUT THESE ARE THE WORST OF TIMES IN GREECE. AS THE COUNTRY STRUGGLES WITH A DEEPENING FINANCIAL CRISIS, NOT EVERYONE SHARES THESE ISLANDS' CULTURE OF UNCONDITIONAL GENEROSITY TOWARD STRANGERS.

>> YOU GOT A FEW PEOPLE COMING DOWN. I THINK THEY'RE RIGHT WING. ONE HERE IS LOOKING AT ME NOW. >>>> Reporter: WHAT DO YOU THINK OF THESE PEOPLE COMING IN HERE?

>> I DON'T KNOW.

>> Reporter: THE MAN ON THE LATER BIKE LATER TOLD ME HE WAS JUST A PART POLICEMAN CHECKING OUT THE SITUATION. AT THIS PORT A PLEASURE BOAT CAPTAIN IS WORRIED HIS LIVELIHOOD WILL BE DAMAGED BY TOURISTS CANCELING HOTEL RESERVATIONS.

>> THAT'S MY BUSINESS. I WOULD GIVE ANYTHING WE HAVE TO THEM, BUT IT'S NOT MANY. IT'S NOT ENOUGH. IT'S NOT ENOUGH.

>> Reporter: DO YOU GET THE SENSE THAT PEOPLE ARE UNCOMFORTABLE?

>> I THINK PRIMARILY IT'S THE FIRST-TIME VISITORS WHO DON'T WANT THE UNSIGHTLINESS AND THE UNCERTAINTY, PARTICULARLY THE MORAL UNCERTAINTY OF COMING TO A SITUATION WHERE YOU HAVE ALL THESE PEOPLE ARE STRUGGLING, SO, YES, ABSOLUTELY A LOT OF PEOPLE ARE SAYING, I DON'T WANT TO SEE THIS SORT OF THING ON MY HOLIDAY, BUT FOR VARIOUS DIFFERENT MORAL AND SELFISH REASONS. THE IMPACT FOR TOURISTS THEMSELVES I THINK IS ABSOLUTELY MINIMAL. FACE-TO-FACE, THERE IS NO DAMAGE TO YOU. THERE ARE NO THREATS TO YOU FROM THESE PEOPLE AT ALL. THESE PEOPLE WANT HELP. THEY'RE NOT LOOKING TO GIVE YOU ANY TROUBLE OR PROBLEMS.

>> Reporter: THE GREEK AUTHORITIES FORCED THE MIGRANTS TO WALK 40 MILES TO THE TOWN OF MITILLINI TO BE REGISTERED AND SENT ON TO ATHENS. IN THE GREEK SUMMER HEAT IT'S HARDEST ON THE CHILDREN. THE NUMBERS LANDING HERE HAVE GONE UP SIX-FOLD IN THE PAST FEW MONTHS. IT SOON BECOMES OBVIOUS WHERE THESE PEOPLE HAVE COME FROM, SYRIA. [SPEAKING SYRIAN]

>> Reporter: ALTHOUGH MAJOR RELIEF AGENCIES HAVE BEEN AWARE FOR MONTHS THAT THIS IS A KEY GATEWAY, THERE IS NO INTERNATIONAL PRESENCE THE DEAL WITH ONE OF HISTORY'S BIGGEST-EVER REFUGEE CRISES.

>> THE MILITARY WANTED ME TO KILL PEOPLE. I TOLD THEM, I CANNOT DO THAT BECAUSE I AM SYRIAN AND I KNOW THAT ALL THOSE ARRIVING ARE SYRIAN PEOPLE. THEY GO FOR FREEDOM LIKE THIS. THEY SAID, NO THEY ARE FOREIGN YOU HAVE TO KILL THEM. THEY ARE FROM AL QAEDA. YOU HAVE TO KILL THEM. I TOLD THEM THEY ARE MY FAMILY. I KNOW THEM.

>> Reporter: THIS MAN REQUESTED THAT HIS IDENTITY BE KEPT SECRET FOR HIS FAMILY'S SAFETY.

>> I DON'T THINK ANY PEOPLE IN THIS WORLD LEAVE LIKE THAT. IN EUROPE, I HOPE PEACE. THAT'S ALL. THE PEACE FOR LIFE. I AM HUMAN BEING.

>> Reporter: THIS RESEARCHER COMES FROM SWEDEN, WHICH HAS AN OPEN BORDERS POLICY AND HAS PROMISED TO ACCEPT 100,000 SYRIAN REFUGEES A YEAR.

>> IT'S QUITE UNBELIEVABLE WHAT TYPE OF BURDEN THEY HAVE LEFT GREECE WITH. I THINK IT'S... THIS IS A EUROPEAN PROBLEM. MOST OF THE PEOPLE WHO ARRIVE HERE THEY'RE JUST IN TRANSIT. THEY DON'T WANT TO GO TO GREECE. THEY WANT TO GO ON TO EUROPE. AND THE EUROPEAN UNION COUNTRIES AND THE EUROPEAN LEAD VERSE NOT TAKEN THE RESPONSIBILITY THAT THEY SHOULD.

>> Reporter: AT THIS TEMPORARY CAMP RUB BY THE GREEK COAST GUARD, EVERYONE IS CAMERA SHY. THE REFUGEES AND THE AUTHORITIES WHO ORDER ME TO STOP FILMING BECAUSE I DON'T HAVE A PERMIT.

>> GET UP GET UP! GET UP! G UP! UP! UP!

>> Reporter: IN THIS PHONE VIDEO, YOU CAN HEAR THE COAST GUARD'S ANGER AS THEY GO THROUGH THE CAMP WITH BATONS RAISED. THE MIGRANTS BECOME AGITATED AS THE ATMOSPHERE DEGENERATES. I'VE BEEN SPOTTED AGAIN AND ORDERED TO HEAVE. WHAT'S HAPPENING BEHIND ME IS A REAL SIGN OF THE TENSION ON THE ISLAND. BEHIND ME ARE ABOUT 300 OR 400 SYRIANS WHO HAVE RUN AWAY FROM A TEMPORARY REFUGEE CAMP SAYING THAT THEY WERE ATTACKED BY AFGHANS. THEY COME DOWN HERE AND THEY ARE ASKING THE POLICE TO PROTECT THEM, TO REGISTER THEM AND TO SEND THEM TO ATHENS FOR THEIR OWN SAFETY.

>> THEY ATTACK US WITH A LITTLE KNIFE AND THEY HIT US.

>> Reporter: EUROPE FEARS THAT ISIL MEMBERS ARE HIDING AMONG GENERAL REFUGEES.

>> YOU HAVE HUNDREDS OF PEOPLE CROSSING EVERY DAY, PLUS A LARGE MUSLIM MIGRANT POPULATION IN THE COUNTRY. SO STATISTICALLY SOME OF THESE PEOPLE, A VERY TINY MINORITY, BUT STILL A FEW OF THEM WILL NOT BE GOOD PERSONS. SOME OF THEM COULD PROBABLY BE JIHADISTS.

>> Reporter: THE ISLANDERS ARE DOING WHAT THEY CAN TO SAVE TOURISM AND STAY AFLOAT FINANCIALLY. BUT THEIR APPEALS TO NORTHERN COUNTRIES FOR ASSISTANCE ARE BEING REJECTED. THEIR STANCE WAS OUTLINED BY DANIEL HANNON, A MEMBER OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT FOR BRITAIN'S CONSERVATIVES IN COPENHAGEN TO HELP THE ELECTION CAMPAIGN OF THE ANTI-IMMIGRANT PEOPLE'S PARTY.

>> IT'S SO EASY TO TRY AND SIGNAL YOUR COMPASSION BY SAYING THE GOVERNMENT OUGHT TO DO SOMETHING, BUT THE REALITY IS THAT IF WE HAVE MORE AMNESTIES AND MORE PEOPLE BEING GRANTED RIGHT TO REMAIN HERE, WE ARE ENCOURAGING MORE AND MORE PEOPLE TO MAKE THIS HELLISH CROSSING.

>> Reporter: IN ITS LATEST REPORT AMNESTY INTERNATIONAL SAYS COUNTRIES MUST PRIORITIZE SAVING PEOPLE IN DISTRESS OVER IMPLEMENTING IMMIGRATION POLICIES. BUT MUCH OF EUROPE ISN'T LISTENING. FOR THE PBS "NEWSHOUR," THIS IS MALCOLM BRABANT IN GREECE.

>> Wooduff: IT'S BEEN MORE THAN A DECADE SINCE THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT FIRST CAME UP WITH A "DO NOT CALL" REGISTRY TO BLOCK UNWANTED PHONE CALLS. THAT MOVE HAD A MAJOR IMPACT INITIALLY. BUT IN THE YEARS SINCE, THERE'S BEEN A BIG RISE IN THE NUMBER OF ROBOCALLS PEOPLE GET THOSE AUTOMATED AND RECORDED PHONE CALLS AND TEXTS THAT REPEATEDLY GO TO YOUR PHONE. THE FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION IS NOW GIVING PHONE COMPANIES MORE POWER TO BLOCK OR PREVENT ROBOCALLS IF CONSUMERS REQUEST IT. TOM WHEELER IS THE CHAIRMAN OF THE F.C.C., AND HE JOINS ME NOW. TOM WHEELER JOINS ME NOW. WELCOME BACK TO THE PROM.

>> HELLO, JUDY.

>> Woodruff: SO HOW IS THIS RULE DIFFERENT THAN THE PREVIOUS ONE DEALING WITH ROBOCALLS?

>> THE ORIGINAL RULE IS THE RESULT OF A 1991 ACT OF CONGRESS. 24 YEARS AGO THE WORLD WAS A LITTLE DIFFERENT IN TERMS OF TECHNOLOGY. THE PEOPLE WHO WERE MAKING THE CALLS THAT INTERRUPTED YOUR DINNER AT THAT POINT IN TIME WERE LITERALLY SITTING DOWN AND DIALING. AND THAT TECHNOLOGY, THAT APPROACH GOT REPLACED BY NEW TECHNOLOGY THAT'S COMPUTERIZED, LIKE EVERYTHING ELSE. SO THEY JUST FEED A LIST OF NUMBERS IN AND ALL OF A SUDDEN A LIST OF CALLS GET MADE. AND OUR RULES DIDN'T KEEP PACE WITH THAT. SO PEOPLE WERE ARGUING THAT THEY HAD LEGAL RIGHT TO DO THIS, AND WE JUST SAID SIMPLY, STOP. THE CONSUMER NEEDS TO BE THE ONE WHO IS IN CHARGE. THE CONSUMER NEEDS TO GIVE CONSENT THAT THEY WANT TO BE CALLED, OR IF THEY ARE CALLED AND HAVEN'T GIVEN CONSENT, TO RENEW THAT CONSENT BY SAYING, DON'T CALL ME ANYMORE OR BY CALLING THEIR PHONE COMPANY AND SAYING, I DON'T WANT TO GET THESE CALLS.

>> WHAT ABOUT THE ARGUMENT FROM SOME COMPANIES OUT THERE WHO SAY, WELL, THIS IS PREVENTING US FROM DOING LEGITIMATE PHONE CALLING, THIS IS REALLY REACHING TOO FAR?

>> WELL, THE KEY TO LEGITIMACY IS THAT THE CONSUMER WANTS TO BE CONTACTED. NOW, WE'VE GOT A COUPLE OF EXCEPTIONS IN THE RULE, FOR INSTANCE, IF YOUR BANK DISCOVERS A BANK FRAUD, THEY CAN CALL YOU AUTOMATICALLY. IF YOUR HOSPITAL OR DOCTOR SAYS, OH, THERE'S A MEDICAL EMERGENCY, THEY CAN CALL YOU AUTOMATICALLY. BUT BASICALLY IT COMES DOWN TO DO YOU CONSENT THAT YOU WANT TO BE CALLED? YOU OUGHT TO BE IN CONTROL.

>> Woodruff: ONE OTHER QUESTION THAT'S BEEN RAISED HAS TO DO WITH POLITICS, AND PUBLIC OPINION POLLING THE POLLS PEOPLE WHO DO THOSE POLLS SAY THIS IS A LEGITIMATE PART OF PUBLIC POLICY-MAKING. WE DIDN'T NEED TO KNOW WHAT THE AMERICAN PEOPLE ARE THINKING. THEY'RE SAYING THIS IS GOING TO BE MUCH HARDER TO DO THAT.

>> WELL, THE WHOLE POLLING BUSINESS HAS BEEN EVOLVING. CELL PHONES STARTEDDED IT OFF WHEN FOLKS MOVED TO CELL PHONES AND YOU COULDN'T GET THOSE NUMBERS AND HOW DO YOU SAMPLE THAT GROUP. AND I THINK THIS IS AN EVOLUTIONARY PROCESS FOR THAT POLLING BUSINESS.

>> Woodruff: TOM WHEELER, ANOTHER INITIATIVE THE FCC VOTED ON HAS TO DO WITH GIVING A SUBSIDY TO LOW-INCOME INDIVIDUAL FAMILIES, TO MAKE IT EASIER FOR THEM TO CONNECT TO THE INTERNET. HOW WOULD THAT WORK?

>> WELL, AGAIN, THIS IS SOMETHING THAT GOES BACK IN TIME, AS WELL. DURING THE REAGAN ADMINISTRATION, A DECISION WAS MADE THAT THERE SHOULD BE SUBSIDIES FOR LANDLINE PHONE SERVICE SO THAT EVERYONE CAN CALL 911. AND THEN DURING THE SECOND BUSH ADMINISTRATION, THAT WAS EXPANDED TO CELL PHONES. AND WHAT WE'RE DOING IS TWO-FOLD. ONE, WE'RE CLEANING UP SOME OF THE PROBLEMS THAT WERE IN THE DESIGN OF THE PREVIOUS PROGRAM THAT FRANKLY LED TO SOME FRAUD AND ABUSE. AND SECONDLY WE'RE SAYING THAT THOSE PROGRAMS WERE IN AN ERA WHEN A VOICE TELEPHONE CALL WAS THE KEY TO COMMUNICATING. AND TODAY THE KEY, EXCUSE ME, IS BROADBAND. YOU CAN'T APPLY FOR VETERANS' BENEFITS OR GET A JOB OR DO YOUR HOMEWORK UNLESS YOU HAVE BROADBAND ACCESS IN YOUR HOME. AND SO HOW DO WE MIGRATE FROM WHAT WAS GOOD IN THE 20th CENTURY TO WHAT'S BEST IN THE 21st?

>> CRITICISM OUT THERE, THIS IS A PROGRAM THAT HAS BEEN ACCUSED OF HAVING FRAUD INVOLVED IN IT, HAVING WASTE. THE GOVERNMENT'S OWN GOVERNMENT ACCOUNTABILITY OFFICE HAS SAID THIS. HOW DO YOU ADDRESS THAT?

>> SO ONE OF THE THINGS THAT WE'VE BEEN DOING FOR THE LAST SIX YEARS IS A SERIOUS OVERHAUL. BUT THE PROBLEM WITH... THE PROGRAM WAS DESIGNED WITH SERIOUS FLAWS IN IT. FOR INSTANCE, THERE SHOULD HAVE BEEN FROM THE OUTSET A DATABASE THAT SAYS LET'S MAKE SURE THAT THERE'S ONLY ONE PERSON IN A HOME WHO IS GETTING THIS BENEFIT. THAT WAS NEVER DONE AND PUT IN PLACE UNTIL THE LAST 12 MONTHS. THERE WERE DESIGN PROBLEMS SAYING, HERE, YOU SHOULDN'T HAVE HAD THE PEOPLE WHO WERE RECEIVING THE BENEFITS, THE COMPANIES RECEIVING THE BENEFITS CERTIFYING THE RECIPIENTS. THAT'S AN INVITATION. THAT'S THE FOX GUARDING THE HENHOUSE. WE'RE GOING THE CHANGE THAT.

>> Woodruff: ANOTHER QUESTION THAT'S BEEN RAISED, THIS IS AWBS IS DIRK BUT IT'S A SMALL SUBSIDY. INTERNET ACCESS COSTS A LOT NOW. PEOPLE EXPECT THE COST MAY GO UP. HOW DO YOU KNOW THIS IS GOING TO BE ENOUGH OF A SUBSIDY TO HELP PEOPLE WHO REALLY NEED THAT HELP?

>> YEAH. I THINK WHAT WE ARE GOING TO DO IS FIND OUT THROUGH THE PROGRAM ITSELF, BUT I THINK THAT THERE IS A SERIOUS BUYING OPPORTUNITY IN HERE. YOU KNOW, I JUST GOT A NOTICE ON MY CELL PHONE SAYING THAT I HAD RUN OVER AND THEY WERE GOING TO CHARGE ME $15 FOR ANOTHER GIG OF DATA. $15 FOR A GIG. OKAY. NOW LET'S SAY THAT I CAN BAND MILLIONS OF CUSTOMERS TOGETHER AND NOT HAVE SOME OF THE COSTS AND OVERHEAD. CAN I GO TO THE COMPANIES AND SAY HEY, WOULD YOU SELL ME THAT FOR $9 INSTEAD? I THINK THERE MAY BE SOME OPPORTUNITIES THERE. THAT'S WHAT WE'LL TRY AND DO.

>> Woodruff: TOM WHEELER, THE CHAIRMAN OF THE FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION OVERSEEING SOME CHANGES. THANK YOU.

>> THANK YOU, JUDY.

>> Ifill: NOW, A DIFFERENT LOOK AT RACE, VIOLENCE AND JUSTICE. IT'S CONTAINED IN A NEW DOCUMENTARY ABOUT A CASE FROM FLORIDA THAT ASKS MANY OF THE SAME QUESTIONS THAT HAVE DOMINATED HEADLINES FROM FERGUSON, MISSOURI TO STATEN ISLAND, NEW YORK. JEFFREY BROWN HAS THE STORY.

>> A VERDICT IN THAT HIGH-PROFILE MURDER CASE IN FLORIDA.

>> THAT MAN ACCUSED OF PULLING A TRIGGER AT A GAS STATION.

>> HE SHOT INTO A CAR FULL OF TEENAGERS.

>> Brown: IT WAS A CRIME WIDELY REPORTED BY NEWS ORGANIZATIONS AROUND THE COUNTRY, INCLUDING OUR OWN. IT BECAME KNOWN AS "THE LOUD MUSIC CASE."

>> IN NOVEMBER 2012 THE MAN PULLED INTO A GAS STATION WHERE FOUR TEENAGERS WERE PARK IN AN S.U.V. LISTENING TO LOUD MUSIC. AFTER AN ARGUMENT, DOWN FIRED THREE BULLETS INTO THE CAR. DAVIS WAS HIT AND LATER DAVID.

>> THE SHOOTING OF JORDAN DAVIS BY MICHAEL DOWN IN JACKSONVILLE, FLORIDA HAPPENED JUST NINE MONTHS AFTER THE TRAYVON MARTIN SHOOTING IN SANFORD, FLORIDA. TOGETHER THE TWO CASES BROUGHT TO THE FORE A NATIONAL DIALOGUE ABOUT RACE GUNS AND FLORIDA'S STAND YOUR GROUND LAW.

>> FIRE AND RESCUE. THE ADDRESS OF YOUR EMERGENCY?

>> >> Brown: THE TRIAL OF DUNN IS OUTLINED IN A DOCUMENTARY CALLED "THREE AND A HALF MINUTES" THE LENGTH OF TIME AT THE GAS STATION AND THE FATAL SHOTS BEING FIRED.

>> POP, POP. POP, POP, POP.

>> Brown: I SPOKE TO DIRECTOR MARC SILVER AT SUNDANCE WHERE THE FILM PERIOD.

>> I THINK IT'S INTERESTING WHEN WE THINK WE KNOW SOMETHING WHEN YOU WATCH THE NEWS BUT WHEN YOU START UNPEELING THE LAYERS THERE'S A BIGGER STORY UNDERNEATH. THE THREE THINGS I WAS INTERESTED IN WERE THIS IDEA OF RACIAL PROFILING ACCESS TO GUNS AND THEN THE LAWS THAT GIVE PEOPLE THE CONFIDENCE TO USE THOSE GUNS.

>> Brown: WHAT DO YOU THINK YOU WERE ABLE TO BRING OUT THAT DIDN'T COME IN THAT?

>> I THINK THIS IDEA OF IRREVERSIBLE LOSS FOR JORDAN'S PARENTS AND I THINK AS AN AUDIENCE WHEN YOU START FEELING EMPATHY FOR THE PARENTS, I THINK YOU START READING THE NEWS AND N A DIFFERENT KIND OF WAY.

>> Brown: JORDAN'S PARENTS RON DAVIS AND LUCIA McBATH WERE THERE EVERY DAY IN THE COURTROOM. SILVER SPENT COUNTLESS HOURS INTERVIEWING THEM BEFORE AND AFTER THE PROCEEDINGS. THEY ALSO ATTENDED THE PREMIER. >>I WANT TO START BY ASKING YOU ABOUT THE DECISION TO PARTICIPATE IN THE FILM.

>> I WAS ACTUALLY SURPRISED THAT ANYONE WOULD BE INTERESTED IN FOLLOWING US DAY TO DAY AND REALLY UNDERSTANDING THE BEHIND-THE-SCENES STORY THAT NOBODY EVER KNOWS OUTSIDE OF THE TRIAL.

>> Brown: WHAT ABOUT FOR YOU?

>> WHEN YOU HAVE THIS TYPE OF TRAGEDY, YOU CUT OFF ALL YOUR PHONES AND CURL UP IN YOUR BED, YOU KNOW, AND YOU DON'T WANT TO BE BOTHERED. THAT'S OKAY IF THAT'S WHAT YOU WANT TO DO FOR YOURSELF AND YOU FAMILY. AT THE END OF THE DAY DO I WANT THE GET A MESSAGE OUT? DO I WANT TO MAKE SURE THAT JORDAN'S LIFE AND DEATH MEANT SOMETHING TO NOT ONLY THE COMMUNITY BUT ACROSS THIS NATION? DO I WANT TO GET THAT OUT? AND THE BEST WAY TO GET THAT OUT IS THROUGH FILM. SO I'VE DECIDED YEAH LET'S GO AHEAD.

>> TRAYVON MARTIN'S FATHER TEXTS ME, "I WANT TO WELCOME YOU TO A CLUB NONE OF US WANT TO BE IN."

>> Brown: DAVIS AND McBATH MEET REGULARLY WITH OTHER PARENTS WHOSE CHILDREN HAVE BEEN THE VICTIMS OF VIOLENCE.

>> I KNOW A LOT OF FATHERS THEY ARE VERY BITTER ABOUT THIS EXPERIENCE. MY EXPERIENCE WITH JORDAN HAS NOT BEEN A BITTER EXPERIENCE. AND I THINK THAT FOR THE MOST PART IT'S BECAUSE WE HAVE SO MUCH SUPPORT. WE HAD A STATE ATTORNEY THAT FOUGHT FOR US, YOU KNOW IN THIS TRIAL. MOST OF THE STATE ATTORNEYS ARE NOT FIGHTING FOR THE FAMILIES.

>> Brown: THE TRIAL AGAINST MICHAEL DUNN ENDED WITH THREE GUILTY VERDICTS FOR THE ATTEMPTED MURDER CHARGES ON THE OTHER MEN IN THE CAR BUT A MISTRIAL ON MICHAEL DAVIS. THE NEXT JURY CONVICTED DUNN TO MURDER. HE WAS SENTENCED TO LIFE PLUS 90 YEARS IN PRISON.

>> DO YOU THINK OF WHAT HAPPENED WITH YOUR SON IN THESE TRIALS, DO YOU THINK OF IT AS A CASE WHERE JUSTICE WAS SERVED?

>> EVEN THOUGH WE RECEIVED THE VERDICT WE KNEW WE SHOULD HAVE RECEIVED FOR JORDAN, WE TILL DON'T HAVE OUR CHILD, JUST THE MEMORIES. SO FOR ALL THAT IT'S WORTH THE JUSTICE THAT WE RECEIVED IS GOOD, ONE BECAUSE IT SETS A PRECEDENT. IT'S GOOD FOR THE NATION TO SEE THAT JUSTICE CAN BE SERVED WHEN YOU TAKE HATE AND ANGER OUT OF IT AND MOVE DIRECTLY FOR JUSTICE AND THE TRUTH. IT CAN WORK.

>> AT THE END OF THE DAY NO MATTER HOW MUCH TIME SOMEBODY GETS, YOUR SON IS DEAD. YOU HAVE TO VISIT YOUR SON AT A CEMETERY.

>> Brown: DO YOU THINK A FILM CAN MAKE A DIFFERENCE?

>> ABSOLUTELY. I THINK FILM AND MEDIA ARE THE TRUEST EXPRESSIONS AND WAYS TO EDUCATE PEOPLE ABOUT RACE ANDETHS INTY AND RELIGION AND HOW WE RELATE TO ONE ANOTHER. I THINK THIS IS A TREMENDOUS OPPORTUNITY TREMENDOUS TOOL TO BE ABLE TO OPEN THAT DIALOGUE AND GET PEOPLE BEGINNING TO EVEN THINK ABOUT THEIR OWN HIDDEN IDEAS AND OPINIONS ABOUT RACE.

>> MAYBE THEY DIDN'T HAVE A GUN BUT HE THOUGHT THEY HAD A GUN.

>> Brown: OF COURSE MAKER MARC SILVER MAKES ONE KEY DECISION HE HOPES WILL HELP UNIVERSALIZE THIS STORY. THROUGHOUT THE FILM WE SEE VERY FEW IMAGES OF JORDAN DAVIS HIMSELF.

>> I THOUGHT HIS STORY WOULD SPEAK METAPHORICALLY FOR OTHER YOUNG BLACK MEN. BY NOT SEEING JORDAN THAT MUCH IN THE FILM, MEND YOU COULD APPLY WHAT WAS BEING DISCUSSED IN THE FILM TO ALL OF TEASE OTHER DEHUMANIZED NAMES OF PEOPLE.

>> Brown: IT'S ONLY WHEN THE CREDITS ROLL THAT WE SEE THE YOUNG MAN HO LOST HIS LIFE IN THOSE THREE AND A HALF MINUTES. I'M JEFFREY BROWN FOR THE PBS "NEWSHOUR."

>> Ifill: TIME NOW FOR OUR LOOK AT INTERESTING PEOPLE AND IDEAS ONLINE THAT YOU MAY HAVE MISSED ON THE WEB, A SEGMENT WE CALL "NOT TRENDING." I RECORDED THIS CONVERSATION RECENTLY. THERE WERE SEVERAL STORIES THAT CAUGHT OUR EYE ON THE WEBSITE, OZY, RECENTLY, INCLUDING ONES FOCUSED ON SOME INTRIGUING EFFORTS WITH PUBLIC EDUCATION AND MATTERS OF JUSTICE. CARLOS WATSON IS THE FOUNDER AND C.E.O. OF OZY, HE JOINS ME NOW.

>> GOOD TO BE WITH YOU.

>> Ifill: I WANT TO START BY ASKING YOU ABOUT THIS GENTLEMAN, ANTWAN WILKER THE SUPERINTENDENT OF SCHOOLS IN OAKLAND, CALIFORNIA, NOT A JOB FOR THE FAINT OF HEART. IN FACT, HE SPENDS A LOT OF HIS TIME DODGING SPITBALLS.

>> DODGING SPITBALLS, SADLY BUT SERIOUSLY DEATH THREATS, A LOT OF ANGER. OAKLAND IS A PLACE OF PROTEST FOR MANY YEARS. THEY'VE NEVER BEEN AFRAID TO PROTEST, AND WHEN IT COMES TO PUBLIC EDUCATION WHICH HAS NOT BEEN GOOD THERE, THEY HAVE A NEW SUPERINTENDENT, ANTWAN, COMES FROM DENVER AND IS TRYING TO CHANGE THINGS IN A FAIRLY DRAMATIC WAY.

>> Ifill: WHAT DOES HE HAVE TO CHANGE? IT SEEMS LIKE HE HAS EVERYTHING THAT COMES ALL TOGETHER IN THIS ONE MUNICIPALITY, WHETHER IT'S DEBATE ABOUT COMMON CORE OR VIOLENCE OR ACADEMIC STANDARDS FOR YOUNG PLAQUE MEN?

>> ALL IN ONE PLACE AND UNFORTUNATELY A 67% HIGH SCHOOL GRADUATION RATE WHERE IN MUCH OF THE COUNTRY IT'S IN THE 80s AND 90s. SO REALLY DIFFICULT. THE MOST IMPORTANT THING HE SAYS IS WHO IS IN THE SCHOOL BUILDINGS WHOM ARE THE TEACHERS, WHO ARE THE PRINCIPALS? IT'S BEEN A TOUGH FIGHT TO TRY AND HIRE DIFFERENT PEOPLE. HE'S HAD TO INCREASE SALARIES. HE'S HAD TO ASK FOR MORE FLEXIBILITY IN SAYING YES AND NO TO PEOPLE. THE CHARTER SCHOOL CONVERSATION, YOU'VE HEARD HOW DIFFICULT THAT'S BECOME. HE'S SAID WE CAN COEXIST. SOME OF THE PUBLIC SCHOOL SUPERINTENDENTS HAVE TRIED TO PUSH HIM ASIDE. THAT'S BEEN SOMETHING HE'S BEEN OPEN TO, TRYING TO REDUCE CLASS SIZES AND TRYING TO BRING BACK THAT CONVERSATION FOR 30 STUDENTS IN THE CLASSROOM SOMETIMES DOWN TO 24, 25.

>> Ifill: THE FIGHT IS OFTEN LEFT VERSUS RIGHT WHEN WE TALK ABOUT EDUCATION IN THIS COUNTRY. IN OAKLAND IT'S LEFT VERSUS LEFT.

>> WHAT A TERRIFIC AND GREAT WAY TO SAY IT. YOU'RE 100% RIGHT. YOU GO TO A SCHOOL BOARD MEETING, PEOPLE WOULD ARGUE HE'S NOT DOING ENOUGH. SO IN SOME PLACES AS YOU'VE SAID BEFORE, LEFT VERSUS RIGHT, LEFT VERSUS SUPER LEFT IN OAKLAND. WHAT'S INTERESTING ABOUT ANTWAN WILSON, HE'S ONE OF THE LAST REFORM SUPERINTENDENTS. YOU REMEMBER WHEN MICHELLE LEE WAS SUCH A BIG NAME.

>> Ifill: HERE IN WASHINGTON, D.C.

>> VERY FEW NAMES ACROSS THE COUNTRY HAVE THAT KIND OF COMPELLING REFORM AGENDA. HE'S ONE OF THE, LAST ONE OF THE FEW BLACK MEN.

>> Ifill: TALK ABOUT SOMETHING INTERESTING. EVEN THOUGH IT STARTS IN A BAD PLACE. IN AN INTERESTING EFFORT AND SOMETHING THAT CERTAINLY IS TRENDING, TO KIND OF TRANSFORM THE LIVES OF INMATES.

>> VERY MUCH SO. YOU KNOW TODAY IN THE U.S. WE HAVE NORTH OF 2 MILLION PEOPLE IN THE PRISON. ALMOST HALF OF THEM WHEN THEY LEAVE PRISON END UP BACK IN PRISON WITHIN A FEW YEARS. A NUMBER OF FOLKS HAVE SAID, IS THERE A DIFFERENT WAY FORWARD. ONE OF THEM IS HAVING PRISONERS WORK WITH WILD HORSES. SO IN THE WEST, PLACES LIKE ARIZONA, OVER 40,000 WILD MUSTANG BUREAU OF LAND MANAGEMENT SAID LET'S TRY AND TAME THESE HORSES AND IN SOME CASES LET'S SELL THEM OR GIVE THEM TO OTHERS, INCLUDING WORKING FOR THE U.S. GOVERNMENT. NOW THEY HAVE A COUPLE DOZEN PRISONERS WORKING FOR FOUR TO SIXTH MONTHS AT A TIME DAY IN AND DAY OUT NOT MAKING A LOT BUT MAYBE LEARNING A LITTLE BIT.

>> Ifill: IS THERE ANY EVIDENCE THAT THIS KIND OF EFFORT TO DETUR RECIDIVISM TAKES HOLDS? THAT ONCE THEY CONNECT WITH THESE WILD HORSE, THESE WILD ANIMALS, THAT PERHAPS THEY SEE A DIFFERENT PURPOSE?

>> THERE IS. BEFORE IT STARTED IN ARIZONA YOU SAW IT IN COLORADO. SO IT'S BEEN AROUND FOR 20-PLUS YEARS. THE RECIDIVISM RATE, THE NUMBER OF PEOPLE WHO END UP BACK IN JAIL WITHIN THREE TO FIVE YEARS HAS BEEN DOWN TO 15% IN SOME OF THOSE CASES VERSUS 50% PLUS. SO IT CAN HAVE DRAMATIC IMPACTS. THIS PROGRAM IS NEW ONLY AROUND A YEAR AND A HALF. THEY'RE WORKING WITH A COUPLE DOZEN HORSES, BUT ONE THING THAT RANDY HOLM, THE GUY WHO RUNS IT, SAYS THAT PEOPLE HAVE TO LEARN THAT BAD DECISIONS ARE HARD AND GOOD DECISIONS ARE EASY. DOING THAT WITH WITH THE HORSES THEY CAN TEACH THAT TO PRISONERS.

>> Ifill: ON THAT OPTIMISTIC NOTE, WE'RE TALKING ABOUT THINGS NOT TRENDING. THANK YOU, CARLOS WATSON.

>> THANK YOU.

>> Ifill: YOU CAN FIND MORE OF MY CONVERSATION WITH CARLOS ONLINE, A LOOK AT

>> Ifill: YOU CAN FIND MORE OF MY CONVERSATION WITH CARLOS ONLINE. A LOOK AT THE PRESIDENT OF A SMALL AFRICAN NATION CALLED THE GAMBIA. HE RULES A REGIME INCREASINGLY CRITICIZED FOR HUMAN RIGHTS ABUSES WITH AN IRON FIST. THAT'S AT pbs.org/newshour.

>> Wooduff: ON FRONTLINE TONIGHT, AN INVESTIGATION INTO THE LONELY, AND OFTEN DANGEROUS JOBS PERFORMED BY THE PEOPLE WHO CLEAN MALLS, BANKS, BIG BOX STORES AND THE OFFICES WHERE WE WORK. EVERY NIGHT, AS MOST PEOPLE HEAD HOME, MILLIONS OF JANITORS ACROSS AMERICA, MANY OF THEM WOMEN, BEGIN THEIR NIGHT SHIFT. THEY ARE OFTEN ALONE OR ISOLATED IN EMPTY BUILDINGS, AND VULNERABLE TO SEXUAL VIOLENCE. HERE'S ONE WOMAN'S STORY OF ABUSE AND THE RESPONSE FROM AN EXECUTIVE AT SERVICE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS, OR S.M.S., WHICH EMPLOYS JANITORS ACROSS THE COUNTRY. A WARNING: THE STORY CONTAINS SOME GRAPHIC DESCRIPTIONS.

>> HE ALWAYS WAS SHOWING ME PORNOGRAPHY VIDEOS. I WAS FEELING UNCOMFORTABLE, I'M LIKE-- AND HE EVEN SHUT THE LIGHTS OFF AND EVERYTHING-- I SAID, "MARCO WHY ARE YOU SHOWING ME THIS?"

>> Reporter: KARLA PEREZ ALSO WORKED FOR S.M.S. THIS IS THE FIRST TIME SHE SAYS SHE HAS SHARED HER FULL STORY.

>> ONE DAY HE SAID, "KARLA, COME INTO THE OFFICE." I CAME INTO THE OFFICE AND HE PULLED HIS PANTS DOWN AND HE TAKE HIS THING OUT AND HE MAKE ME, AND HE MAKE ME PUT IT IN MY MOUTH. YOU KNOW I PUT HIS STUFF IN MY MOUTH, IN MY MOUTH AND-- AND HE CLOSED THE DOOR AND HE SAID TO ME "NOBODY WILL KNOW ABOUT THIS, NOBODY WILL BELIEVE YOU."

>> Reporter: PEREZ QUIT WITHOUT FILING A COMPLAINT WITH S.M.S. EVENTUALLY, SHE WENT TO THE POLICE. GONZALEZ DENIED THE ALLEGATIONS. A SECOND WOMAN WENT IN AND COMPLAINED TO THE POLICE.

>> I'M NOT AWARE OF THAT.

>> Reporter: AND WHAT ABOUT A COMPUTER THAT MARCO GONZALEZ HAD THAT SHOWED THAT HE WAS ACCESSING RAPE PORN SITES.

>> YEAH, I DON'T REMEMBER HEARING ABOUT THAT.

>> Reporter: NO ONE TOLD YOU ABOUT IT?

>> NOT THAT I CAN RECALL.

>> Reporter: AND THEN, YOU KNOW THAT THE MANAGER CHANGED HIS STORY A NUMBER OF TIMES ABOUT WHAT HAPPENED.

>> I'M NOT AWARE OF THAT.

>> YOU DON'T KNOW THAT HE TOLD THE POLICE TWO DIFFERENT STORIES?

>> I DON'T REMEMBER EVER HEARING THAT.

>> Reporter: S.M.S. INTERNAL COMPLAINTSDURING THE LAWSUIT S.M.S. WAS ORDERED TO PRODUCE INTERNAL SEXUAL HARASSMENT COMPLAINTS. THE RECORDS SHOWED A NUMBER OF INCOMPLETE INVESTIGATIONS AND DOZENS OF ACCUSATIONS AGAINST OTHER SUPERVISORS.

>> THREE YEARS OF RECORDS FROM YOUR INTERNAL COMPLAINT SYSTEM SHOWED THAT SOMEWHERE AROUND 31 OF THOSE WERE MADE AGAINST SUPERVISORS. THAT NEVER GOT YOUR ATTENTION?

>> NO.

>> YOU DON'T REVIEW THESE COMPLAINTS? YOU HAVE LIKE A BRIEFING EVERY QUARTER?

>> TYPICALLY I DON'T. OH, I HAVE BRIEFINGS, LOWELL, ON THE CASES. BUT I HAVE STAFF SPECIFICALLY ASSIGNED TO THAT.

>> WELL, A NUMBER DON'T APPEAR TO HAVE ANY FOLLOW UP INVESTIGATION WHICH WOULD SEEM TO VIOLATE YOUR POLICY.

>> AGAIN, EVERY COMPLAINT OR ACCOUNT OF BEHAVIOR THAT MIGHT BE SEXUAL HARASSMENT WE TAKE VERY SERIOUSLY AND WE WANT TO DO A PROMPT AND THOROUGH INVESTIGATION.

>> BUT THERE WOULD BE A FILE SOMEWHERE WOULDN'T THERE?

>> THERE SHOULD BE, YES. IT COULD BE AS SIMPLE AS "DO YOU REMEMBER INVESTIGATING?" "YES, I DID." "WHERE ARE THE NOTES" "I DON'T KNOW WHERE THE NOTES ARE".

>> THERE MAY HAVE BEEN AN INVESTIGATION BUT THERE'S NO RECORD OF IT.

>> THAT'S CORRECT.

>> Wooduff: WATCH THE FULL FRONTLINE "RAPE ON THE NIGHT SHIFT" TONIGHT ON MOST PBS STATIONS.

>> Ifill: ON THE NEWSHOUR ONLINE, LAST NIGHT WE BROUGHT YOU A STORY ON AQUAPONICS, A SYSTEM OF FARMING THAT USES NO SOIL. TONIGHT, READ HOW ONE NON-PROFIT IS HELPING SCHOOLS SET UP THEIR VERY OWN AQUAPONIC SYSTEMS AS BOTH A TEACHING LABORATORY AND A WAY TO EARN MONEY. WE HAVE A GUIDE FOR SCHOOLS ON HOW TO GET STARTED, ON OUR HOME PAGE. THAT'S AT pbs.org/newshour.

>> Woodruff: TUNE IN LATER THIS EVENING ON CHARLIE ROSE: THE RISE OF US OPEN GOLF CHAMPION JORDAN SPIETH.

>> Wooduff: AND THAT'S THE NEWSHOUR FOR TONIGHT. ON WEDNESDAY, CHARLAYNE HUNTER GAULT TALKS WITH JOSEPH RILEY, MAYOR OF CHARLESTON, SOUTH CAROLINA. I'M JUDY WOODRUFF.

>> Ifill: AND I'M GWEN IFILL. WE'LL SEE YOU ON-LINE AND AGAIN HERE TOMORROW EVENING. FOR ALL OF US HERE AT THE PBS NEWSHOUR, THANK YOU AND GOOD NIGHT.

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