PBS NewsHour; June 8, 2019 5:30pm-6:01pm PDT

>>Captioning sponsored by WNET an

>> SreenivON THIS EDITION FOR SATURDAY, JUNE 8: A DEAL WITH MEXICO AVERTS TRADE TARIFFS. COSMIC CONCERNS AS MORE SATELLITES ARE LAUNCHED INTO ORBIT. AND CAN HORSE RACING PREVENT THE DEATHS OF ITS EQUINE ATHLETES? NEXT ON PBS NEWSHOUR WEEKEND.

>> PBS NEWSHOUR WEEKEND IS MADE POSSIBLE BY:AR BEAND IRENE SCHWARTZ. SUE AND EDGAR WACHENHEIM III. SETON MELVIN. MI THE CHERYL AND PHILITEIN FAMILY. DR. P. ROY VAGELOS AND DIANA T. VAGELOS. THE J.P.B. FOUNDATION. ROSALIND P. WALTER. BARBARA HOPE ZUCKERBERG. CORPORATE FUNDING IS PROVIDED BY MUTUAL OF AMERICA-- DESIGNING CUSTOMIZED INDIVIDUAL AND GROUP RETIREMENT PRODUCTS. THAT'S WHY WE'RE YOUR RETIREMENT COMPANY. ADDITIONAL SUPPORT HASEEN PROVIDED BY: AND BY THE CORPORATION FOR PUBLIC BROADCASTING, AND BY CONTRIBUTIONS TO YOUR PBS U.ATION FROM VIEWERS LIKE THANK YOU. FROM THE TISCH WNET STUDIOS AT LINCOLN CENTER IN NEW YORK, HARI SREENIVASAN.

>> Sreenivasan: GOOD EVENING AND THANK YOU FOR JOINING US. PRESIDENT TRUMP SAID LATE YESTERDAY THAT THE U.S. WILL N"" INDEFINITELY SUSPEND" THE OOREAT OF TARIFFS ON BILLIONS OF DOLLARS OF MEXICAN, AFTER THREE DAYS OF NEGOTIATIONS OVER THE INCREASING NUMBER OF MIGRANTS CROSSING THE U.S.- MEXICO BORDER. THE NEWS CAME IN A TWEET FROM THE PRESIDENT LAST NIGHT THAT SAID MEXICO "AGREED TO TAKES STRONG MEASU STEM THE TIDE OF MIGRATION THROUGH MEXICO, AND TO OUR SOUTHERN BORDER." FORMALLY, THE TWO COS ISSUED A JOINT STATEMENT WHICH OUTLINED MEXICO'S ENFORCEMENT ACTIONS WITHOUT GIVING SPECIFIC NUMBERS OR BENCHMARKS.

>> MEXICO WILL TAKE UNPRECEDENTED STEPS TO INCREASE DEFORCEMENT TO CURB IRREGULAR MIGRATION TO INCHE DEPLOYMENT OF HIS NATIONAL GUARD THROUGHOUT MEXICO, GIVING PRIORITY TO ITS SOUTHE BORDER.

>> Sreenasan: ON THURSDAY, MEXICO'S FOREIGN MINISTER SAID 6,000 TROOPS FROM ITS NEWLY FORMED NATIONAL GUARD WOULD BEE DEPLOYED TO THUTHERN BORDER WITH GUATEMALA. THE AGREEMENT ALSO INCLUDES AN EXPANSION OF A SIX-MONTH-OLD U.S. POLICKNOWN AS "REMAIN IN MEXICO" WHICH RETURNS ASYLUM SEEKERS TO MEXICO WHILE THEY WAIT FOR PROCESSING OF THEIRCL MS. THAT POLICY IS BEING CHALLENGED IN U.S. COURTS. HOUSE SPEAKER NANCY PELOSI CALLED IT A "FAILED" POLICY WHICH "VIOLATES THE RIGHTS OF ASYLUM SEEKERS UNDER U.S. LAW AND FAILS TO ADDRESS THE ROOT CAUSES OF CENTRAL AMERICAN MIGRATION." LAST WEEK MR. TRUMP SUDDENLY ANNOUNCED A PLAN TO IMPOSE TARIFFS ON NEARL$350 BILLION WORTH OF MEXICAN IMPORTS, STARTING AT FIVE PERCENT ON MONDAY JUNE 10, AND GROWING TO 25% BY OCTOBER, UNLESS MEXICO DID MORE TO STOP MIGRANTS FROM COMING TO THE U.S. U.S. TREASURY SECRETARY STEVE MNUCHIN SAID TODAY THAT HE PLANS TO SPEAK WITH THE GOVERNOR OF CHINA'S CENTRAL BANK ONE-ON-ONE ABOUT THE ONGOING TRADE DISPUTE BETWEEN THE TWO COUNTRIES. MNUCHIN IS ATTENDING THE GROUPON OF 20 MAJOR IES MEETING IN JAPAN WITH FINANCIAL LEADERS. THE TREASURY SECRETARY SAID THAT HE EXPECTS PROGRESS TO COME LATER THIS MONTH WHEN PRESIDENT TRUMP MEETWITH CHINESE PRESIDENT XI JINPING IN OSAKA AT THE G-20 SUMMIT. MNUCHIN SAID THERE ARE NO PLANS FOR OFFICIAL TRADE TALKS BEFATE EETING. PACIFIC GAS & ELECTRIC ANNOUNCED DAY THAT IT'S TURNING OF POWER TEMPORARILY TO 1600 S IN NORTHERN CALIFORNIA IN AN EFFORT TO PREVENT WILDFIRES. THE COMPANY RIPES TO REDUCE S DURING WHAT FORECASTERS PREDICT WILL BE A HOT, DRY, AND WINDY WEEKEND. THE COMPANY SAID IT MAY ALSO CUT OFF POWER TO ABOUT 30,000 CUSTOMERS IN THE SIERRA FOOTHILLS REGION THAT INCLUDES THE CITY OF PARADISE, CALIFORNIA. A WILDFIRE THERE LAST YEAR DESTROYED NEARLY 15,000 HOMES. DOWNED POWER LINES AND P.G. & E. EQUIPMENT ARE BLAMED FOR PREVIOUS FIRES AND STA REGULATORS RECENTLY APPROVED ALLOWING UTILITIES TO CUT OFF ELECTRICITY WHEN FIRE RISK IS EXTREMELY HIGH. PROTEST LEADERS IN SUDAN ARE CALLING FOR W DEMONSTRATIONS TOMORROW AFTER GOVERNMENT SECURITY FORCES ARRESTED TWO OF THEIR LEADERS THIS WEEKEND-- THAT'S AFTER THEY MET WITH ETHIOPIAN PRIME MINISTER ABIY AHMED. AHMED HAD TRAVELED TO KHARTOUM TO TRY TO REVIVE TALKS BETWEEN SUDAN'S RULING GENERALS AND LEADERS OF THE PRO-DEMOCRACY PROTEST MOVEMENT. DOZENS OF PROTESTERS WERE KILLED DURING THE PAST WEEK WHILE DEMANDING THAT SUDAN HAVE CIVILIAN RULE, THE WORST BLOODSHED SINCE THE OVERTHROW OF PRESIDENT OMAR ABASHIR IN AP AHMED PROPOSED CREATING A TRANSITIONAL COUNCIL COMPRISED EVOF EIGHT CIVILIANS AND S MILITARY OFFICERS WITH A ROTATING PRESIDENCY.N THE ETHIOPIAADER SAID ENVOYS FROM ETHIOPIA AND THE AFRICAN UNION WILL CONTINUE THENS NEGOTIAT IN THE DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO, OFFICIALS SAY THERE ARE NOW MORE THAN 2,000 RE CASES OF EBOLA, MOSTLY IN THE O EASTERN REGITHE COUNTRY. FIGHTING BETWEEN REBEL AND GOVERNMENT FORCES HAVE LIMITED HEALTH WORKERS' ACCESS TO THE EA AND SLOWED EFFORTS TO CONTAIN THE SPREAD OF THE DISEASE. THE WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION ALSO WARNED THIS WEEK THAT THE NUMBER OF CASES MAY BE MUCH HIGHER, SAYING IT IS ONLY DETECTING ABOUT 75% OF ALL EBOLA CASES. NEARLY 1400 PEOPLE HAVE DIED OF THE DISEASE SINCE THE OUTBREAK BEGAN LAST AUGUST. FOR MORE ON THE G-20 SUMMIT AND ALLED TRADE NEGOTIATIONS BETWEEN THE U.S. AND CHINA VISIT pbs.org/newshour.

>> Sreenivasan: AFTER A DISQUALIFICATION IN THE KENTUCKD DERBY, ALESS HORSE IN THE PREAKNESS AND DIFFERENT WINNERS IN BOTH RACES, THERE WILL BE NO TRIPLE CROWN WINNER AFTER THIS EVENING'S BELMONT STAKES. BUT IN HORSE RACING THIS YEAR THE FOCUS IS NOT ON THE WINNERS, BUT ON A TRAGIC STATISTIC: NEARLY 10 HORSES A WEEK, ON AVERAGE, DIED AT AMERICAN RACETRACKS IN 2018, A FATALITY RATE THAT IS 2.5 TO FIVE TIMESGR TER THAN IN THE REST OF THE HORSE RACING WORLD. JOINING ME NOW IS NEW YORKOR TIMES' RR JOE DRAPE WHO IS COVERING THE SPORT AND THE RESPONSE TO THE DEATHS AND INJURIES TO THESE EQUINE ATHLETES. F SADLY, WE ARE ONLY AWAREIS BECAUSE OF THE NEWS AROUND BIG RACES, OR BIG RACETRACKS, THAT THAT NUMBER ADDS UP TO, WHAT, 0 HORSES A YEAR IN THE UNITED STATES?

>> WELL, IT'S ACTUALLY AER COTIVE ESTIMATE. WE DID A SERIES IN 2012 WHERE WHERE WE FREEDOMMED OF INFORMATION EVERYTHING AND WE FOUND 25 HORAISE WEEK. AND THAT'S BECAUSE WE COUNTED TRAINING ACCIDENTS AND THINGS THAT HAPPENED OFF TRHACK. SO HAS BEEN OUT THERE. I'VE LOOKED AT CONGRESSIONAL TESTIMONY ABOUT THIS GOING BACK TO THE 1980s. THIS IS NOT A SECRET. I THINK WHAT HAPPENED IS SOCIETY HAS EVOLVED. THE FACT THAT IT HAPPENED IN CALIFORNIA, WHICH IS A PROGRESSIVE STATE, AND, ESPECIALLY, DURING TRIPLE CROWN SEASON BECAUSE NOW THIS IS WHEN THE CASUAL FAN TUES IN. THEY WANT TO SEE THE BIG HATS AT THE DERBY AND DHIEND OF TING.

>> Sreenivasan: RIGHT. IS IT-- WE'VE HEARD, FOR EXAMPLE, SOME OF THE TRACKS AND THE BAD WEATHER. I MEAN, HORSES HAVE RUN IN MUD BEFORE. I MEAN, WHAT'S SO DIFFERENT ABOUT IT THIS YEAR?

>>OF THINK A COUPL THINGS HAPPENED. CALIFORNIA GOT COLD AND RAINY, MORE SO THAN IT HAD IN 2 YEARS. BUT THERE'S ALSO A HORSE HASHORTAGE. YO LESS HORSES. WHEN I STARTED DOING THIS 20 YEARS AGO, A FULL CROP OF 35,000. NOW WE'RE DOWN TO 19,000. BUT AT THE SAME TIMPLE, PEOARE RACING YEAR-ROUND AT VARIOUS TRACTION. I MEAN, RIGHT NOWDAY, WITHIN 200 MILES, THERE'S NINE TRACKS RUNNING. NOT ENOUGH HORSES TO GO ON. AND THEN THERE'S THE DRUG CULTURE AND THAT'S WHAT WE HAVE FOCUSED ON. THE DRG CULTURE IS KIND OF TWO-FOLD. THERE ARE THE PEOPLE WHO CHEAT, WHO TRY TO TAKE EDGES EVERYWHERE FROM VIAGRA TO HUMAN GROWTH HORMONTO PUT THEM IN THE HORSES TO MAKE THEM FASTER, AND THEN THERE ARE PEOPLE WHO TRY TO GET THEM TO THE TRACK, MUCH LIKE FOOTBALL PLAYERS, CORTISONE SHOTS TO PLAY THAT GAME, JUST TO T THEM OUT ON THE TRACK AND RUN ITS RACE AND HOPEFULLY MAKE SOME MONEY.

>> Sreenivan: YOU KNOW, IN BICYCLE RACING, FOR EXAMPLE, THERE HAVE BEEN-- DRUGS HAVE BEEN ABUSED, SO RIGHT AFTERWARDS THE ATHLETE TS TO GO AND GE TESTED. IS THAT THE CASE WITH HORSES?

>> THERE IS TESTING. IT'SOT TERRIBLY EFFECTIVE. AND THERE'S 38 DIFFERENT S RISDICTIONS. SO THER UNIFORM DRUG LAWS OR PUNISHMENTS. SO IT'S KIND OF A PATCHWORK OF STATE BY STATE. AND, YOU KNOW, JUST LIKE THE HUMAN SPORTS AND THE OLYMPICS AND CYCLING, PEOPLE ARE JUST WAY AHEAD OF THINGS. I MEAN, TNY HAVE THEIR OW LABS. BUT, YOU KNOW, OVERALL, THERE'S NEVER BEEN A BIG EFFORT TO CATCH PEOPLE AND TO MAKE SURE THAT THESE HORSES ARE SAFE AND SOUD D ED PROPERLY. THAT'S, OBVIOUSLY, GOT TO CHANGE.

>> Sreenivas: BUT WHEN YOU ART TALKING ABOUT LABS, IT REMIND ME, THIS IS A VERY EXPENSIVE SPORT TO BE IN, ANER S A LOT OF MONEY AT STAKE.

>> THERE IS. I MEAN, THERE'S MILLIONS PURSES, BILLIONS IN PURSES. $15 BILLION AE BET ON THE HORSES THROUGHOUT THE YEAR. YOU KNOW, IT WAS THE SPORT OF KINGS FOR THE REAN. THEY DID IT AS SPORTSMEN. THEY'RE NOT TRYING TO LIVE OFF THEIR PURSE MONEY. BUT THAT DYNAMIC HAS CHANGED. YOU KNOW, 90% YOU HAVE SYNDICATES NOW, WHERE YOU HAVE 20, 40, 60T PEOPLE PUTING IN A LITTLE BIT THERE. AND, YOU KNOW, THEY NEED TO PAY THEIR WAY THROUGH THERT SPO AND THAT'S WHERE I BELIEVE THE ABUSES START. YOU KNOW, YOU LOOK THE OTHER WAY. YOU'RE LIKE, "GET THEM OUT OF THE STALL. LET'S RACE THEM."

>> Sreenivasan: ISLIHIS MOMENT LY TO CHANGE THE FUTURE OF HORSE RACING?

>> THIS MOMENT IS GOING TOE CHANGE THE FUT HORSE RACING. AND IT IS EITHER GOING TO CHANGE IT TO WERE IT DOESN'T EXIST ANYMORE-- OUT IN CALIFORNIA YOU ONLY NEED 600,000 SIGNATURES ON A BALLOT INITIATIVE TO VOTE IF S ULD EVEN EXIST. POLLS SAY THAT WOULD BE A CLOSE VOTE, AND IT WOULD PROBABLY END THE SPORT CALIFORNIA. IF CALIFORNIA FALLS, IT KEEPS GOING ON ACROSS THE UNTRY. WHAT NEED TO HAPPEN IS REAL REFORM, AND A "SLES MORE" SORT OF MODEL HERE. I MEAN, TRE'S TOO MUCH RACING WITH TOO FEW HORSES, AND THEY NEED TO BE RESTED. THEY NEED TO BE TREATED LIKE ATHLETES, LIKE THEY ONCE WERE IN THE 50s, 60s, , OF THEIR HEYDAY. AND WHEN THAT HAPPENS-- AND, YOU KNOW, THAT'S GOING TO CAUSE A LOT OF PAIN. A LOT OF PEOPLE ARE GOINTO LOSE JOBS. WHENEVER THERE'S DISRUPTION, JOBS GET LOST AND, YOU KNOW, WEO SEE IER AND OVER IN SOCIETY. SO, YOU KNOW, PEOPLE ARE GOING TO LOSE THEIR JOB AND THEY'RE GOING TO THROW PEOPLE OUT. OR IT'S NOT GOING TO EXIST. SO THAT'WHERE WE ARE RIGHT NOW.

>> Sreenivasan: ALL RIGHT, "NEW YORK TIMES" JOE DRAPE, THANKS SO MUCH.

>> THANK YOU.

>> Sreenivasan: YESTERDAY, NASA WNOUNCED THAT IT WOULD AL TOURISTS TO VISIT THE INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION, POSSIBLY STARTING AS EARLY AS NEXT YEAR. NASA'S EFFORT TO FIND NEW COMMERCIAL OPPORTUNITIES COMES AT A TIME WHEN THERE'S A NEW T'SPACE RACE UNDERWAY, AND NOT COUNTRIES COMPETING, IT'S PRIVATE COMPANIES. SPACE-X RECENTLY LAUNCHED DOZE OF SATELLITES DESIGNED TO PROVIDE GLOBAL INTOMNET COVERAGE PACE, AND NASA GRANTED CONTRACTS TO THREE PRIVATE COMPANIES TO DEVEL ROBOTIC LANDERS FOR MISSIONS TO THE MOON. BUT WITH ALL THAT COMPETITION, IS EVEN A PLACE LIKE SPACE VAST ENOUGH? NEWSHOUR WEEKEND'S MEGAN THOMPSON RECENTLY SAT DOWN WITH LOREN GRUSH, SENIOR REPORTER FOR THE VERGE TO DISCUSS.

>> Thompson: SO, FIRST, JUST TELL US WHAT IS T SPACE-X UP THERE? I UNDERSTAND THEY RECENTLY LAUNCHED 60 SATELLITE'S WHHIS ALL ABOUT?

>> AN EVER GREEN QUESTION. SPACE-X'S STAR LINK INITIATIVE IS TO PROVIDE GLOBAL INTERNET COVERAGEY USING THOUSANDS OF SATELLITES THAT BEAM INTERNET COVERAGE NOUN DOWNFROM SPACE. NOW, WE HAELVE SATTES THAT PROVIDE INTERNET COVERAGE FROM SPACE RIGHT NOW. THEY'RE VERY HIGH UP, YOU KNOW, FTHOUSANDS AND THOUSANDSMILES ABOVE THE SURFACE. BUT WHAT SPACE-X AND OTHER COMPANIES WANT TO DO IS LAUNCH THEM INTO LOW ORBITS SO THAT THEY CAN BEAM INTERNET AND YOU DON'T REALLY EXWRVE ANYALATANCY HT SIGNAL SO THE ROUNDTRIP LIG TIME TAKES LESS TIME TO GET TO YOU. BUT WHEN YOU HAVE SATELLITES IN A LOWER ORBIT, IN ORDER TO PROVIDE THAT GLOBAL COVERAGE, YOU NEED A LOT MORE SATELLITES BECAUSE THEY HAVE TO BE ABLE TO SEE THE ENTIRE PLANET. AND SO THAT'S WHY SPACE-X HAS PROPOSED SENDING NEARLY 12,00 SATELLITES INTO SPACE TO PROVIDE THIS COVERAGE.

>> Thompson: AND I UNDERSTAND THEY'RE T THE ONLY PRIVATE COMPANY LOOK TO GET INTO THIS. WHO ELSE IS INVOLVED?

>> THERE'S ANOTHER COMPANY CALLED ONE WEB THAT LAUNCHED ITS OWN SATELLITES. AND AMAZON RECENTLY SAID IT WANTS TO LAUNCH THOUSANDS OF SATELLITES. THERE ARE OTHER COMPANIES LOOKING INTO THIS, TOO. SO IT'S DEFINITELY A VERY COVETED GOAL AMONG THE SP INDUSTRY.

>> Thompson: SO SPACE-X COULD LAUNCH AT SOME POINT UP TO 12,000E ATELLITES. THE ALL THESE OTHER COMPANIES LOOKING TO LAUNCH THOUSAND MORE. WHAT ARE THE IMPLICATIONS OF HAVING THAT MAY SATELLITES UP IN SPACE?

>> SO THE BIGGEST THING THAT PEOPLE ARE CONCERNED WITIS, OBVIOUSLY, THIS ORBITAL DEBRIS PROBLEM. WE ALREADY HAVE MANY THOUSANDSLI OF SATS IN SPACE RIGHT NOW, WHICH THIS COULD TRIPLE O QUADRUPLE THAT NUMBER WITH THE STAR LINK INITIATIVE ALONE. SO THE PROBLEM IS THE SATELLITES ARE MOVOFING AT THOUSANDILES PER HOUR IN SPACE. THEY'RE NOT JUST FLOATING UP THERE. SO IF ONE OF THEM RUONS INT ANOTHER ONE, THEN THAT COULD CREATE A VERY, YOU KNOW, CATASTROPHIC DEBRIS FIELD. AND IN THOSE PIECES OF DEBRISOV ARE G AT THOUSANDS OF MILES PER HOUR AS WELL. THE GOOD NEWS SSPACE IS BIG. AND SO THESE COLLISIONS REALLY DON'T HAPPEN VERY OFTEN, IF AT ALL. BUT THERE IS A CONCERN THE MORE THAT WE PUT UP THERE, THE HIGHER THE RISK OF THLESE COLISIONS HAPPENING. THE GOOD NEWS, THOUGH, IS THAT SPACE-X HAS THOUGHT ABOUT THIS. THEY HAVE ORBITAL DEBRIS-MITIGATION PLAN FOR ONE THING, THEY HAVE THIS KIND OF LIKE A G.P.S. TRACKERTEN THEIR ITES -- AT LEAST THEY SAY-- WHERE THEY USE TRACK INFORMATION THAT THE AIR FORCEE HAS AND THEY AT TO KIND OF MANEUVER OUT OF THE WAY IF THEY HAPPEN TO BE, YOU KNOW, ON PATH TO COLLIDE WITH SOMETHING. AND, ALSO, THE ORBITS THAT THEY'VE GONE TO, EVENTUALLYTE THESE SATELWILL DECAY OVER TIME BECAUSE OF GRAVITY, OURMO HERE WILL PULL THEM DOWN. BUT IT IS STILL A CONCERN. AND IT'S NOT-- NO ONE REYA QUITE KNOWS WHAT'S GOING TO HAPPEN. BUT WE ARE TING TO THINK OF WAYS TO MITIGATE THIS PROBLEM BEFORE WE LAUNCH INTO SP

>> Thompson: IF THERE WAS A MASSIVE COLLISION OF THESE SATELLITES, I MEAN, WHAT WOULD THE FEEDGED OF EFFECTS OF THAT BE?

>> WELL, WE'VE ALREADY SEEN THAT HAPPEN. TWO SATELLITES COLLIDED A COUPLE OF YEARS AGO, AND LIKE I SAI THEY CREATED HUNDREDS TO THOUSANDS OF PIECE OF DEBRIS, AND THAT DEBRIS GOES INTO VARIOUS ORBITS. IT DOESN'T REALLY HAVE ANY KIND OF UNIFORM PATH. AND SO ONCE THAT HAPPENS, THEN THE AIR FORCE HAS TO TRACK THAT AS WELL, AND SO THEN YOU HAVE TO CATALOG ALL THOSE PIECE OF DEBRIS. AN BTHEN THCOMES-- THAT BECOMES A HAZARD. AND SO YOU'LL HAVE TO-- NOW OTHER SATELLITE OPERATORS WOULD HAVE TO KNOW WHERE THAT PIECE OF DEBRIS IS, AND IF IT'S HEADING IN YOUR SATELLITE'S WAY, THEN YOU'RE GOING TO HAVE MOVE OR YOU MIGHT GET HIT.

>> Thompson: COULD IT KNOCK OUT GLOBAL COMMUNICATIONS IF SOMETHING LIKE THAT HAPPENS?

>> IT COULD KNOCK OUT A VERY FUNCTIONING SATELOFTE, AND SOME THESE SATELLITES THAT ARE UP THERE HAD HUNDREDS OF THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS, MILLIONS OF DOLLARS TO MAKE. E , YEAH, IT IS A VERY REAL PROBLEM IF YOU HESE PIECES OF DEBRIS. FOR NOW, SPACE-X HA ONLY LAUNCHED 60 SATELLITES, SO IT'S NOT THAT MANY. BUT GIVAG THENITUDE THAT THEY WANT TO LAUNCH, IT COULD BECOME A CONCERN. AT LEAST SK OF COLLISION COULD GO UP SIGNIFICANTLY.

>> Thompson: AND I UNDSTD THAT ASTRONOMERS HAVE AN ISSUE WITH ALL THESE SATELLITES UP THERE. TELL ME OUT THA

>> RIGHT. SO ORBITAL DEBRIS WAS, OBVIOUSLY, ON EVERYBODY'S MINDS BEFORE SPACE-X LAUNCHED, BUT THEN OVER THE WEEKEND, YOU KNOW, ASTRONOMERS SAW THEM IN SPACE, THEY WERE QUITE BRIGH BECAUSE THE SHINY AND THEY HAVE SOLAR PANELS THAT REFLECT THE SUNLIGHT. ED YOU CAN STILL SE THEM AT NIGHT, EVEN THOUGH THE EARTH IS SHROUDED IN DARKNESS, THESE SATELLITES ARE VERY HIGH UP, SO THEY CAN STILL CATCH THE SUN'S R LIGHT ANFLECT THAT BACK ON TO THE EARTH. AND THAT'S A PROBLEM FOR ASTRONOMERS WHO ALREADY HAVE TO DEAL WITH SATELLITES NOW. THEY TAKE LOIMNG-EXPOSUREGES WITH THEIR TELESCOPES SO WHENEVER YOU HAVE A BRIGHT OBJECT ZOOMING THROUGH YOUR IMAGE, IT CREATES THIS LONG, BRIGHT-WHITE STREAK, AND THATN CAEALLY MUCK UP MUR OBSERVATIONING OF THE UNIVERSE BECAUSE YOU NEED TO TAKE IN A LOT OF LIGHT, BUT IF YOU HAVE A LONG STREAK THROUGH IT YOU CAN'T REAL RALE SEE A GALAXY OR ASTEROID OR HOWEVER MANY LIGHT-YEARS AWAY FROM EARTH.

>> Thompson: FOR SO MANY YEARS SPACE WAS A PLACE ONLY NATIONAL GOVERNMENTS WENT, AND NOW WE'RE SEEING ALL THESE PRIVATE COMPANIES, ALL THESE LAUNCHINGS HAPPENING. I MEAN, ARE WE LOOKING AT ESSENTIALLY THE PRIVATIZATION OF SPACE? WHAT ARE THE POTENTIALPL ATIONS OF THAT?

>> IT IS A VERY REAL TRANSITION THAT IS HAPPENING IN THE SPACEST IN RIGHT NOW. MORE AND MORE COMPANIES ARE LAUNCHING THAN GOVERNMENTS. AND I THINK, YOU KNOW, WITH EVERY NEEVOLUTION THERE ARE POSITIVES AND THERE ARE NEGATIVES, RIGHT? NOW WE HAVE A WHOLE NEW WAY FOR NEW PLAYERS TO GET INTO SPACE, PEOPLE THAT PROBABLY NEVER THOUGHT THEY COULD OPERATE IN THE SPACE INDTRY, NOW TH PRICES ARE COMING DOWN, THE MORE THAT WE LAUNCH, MORE PEOPLE CANE SEND SATELND RESEARCH INTO SPACE, WHICH IS GREAT. BUT AT THE SAME TIME, WE'RE SEEING THE IMPLICATIONS OF HAVING MORE-FREQUENT LAUNCHES AND, YOU KNOW, THERE'S CONCERN WIWE THE MORE THAT UT INTO SPACE, THE MORE DEBRIS THERE COULD BE, AND THEN, EVENTUALLY, WE MIGHT NOT BE ABLE TO USE SPACE IF IT GETS TOO CROWDED AND IF WE DON'T THINK ABOUT THESE AND LIKE WE WERE SAYING TTOOK THE ASTRONOMERS SEEING THESE I SATELLITORBIT AND BEING SO BRIGHT TO REALLY UNDERSTAND THE IMPLICATIONS OF WHAT MI HAPPEN. SO I THINK THERE'S A LOT OF THINGS THAT WE'RE GOING TO SEEAY UT AS THEY LAUNCH MORE, BUT, LIKE I SAID, THERE'S POSITIVES AND THERE'S NEGATIVES TO ANY KIND OF NEW EMERGING TREND, AND I THINK THAT WILL PLAY OUT IN THE YEARS AHEAD.

>> Thompson: GREAT. LOREN GRUSH OF "THTHVERGE" K YOU SO MUCH FOR BEING HERE.

>> THANK YOU FOR HAVING ME.

>> Sreenivasan: DESPITE EFFORTS TO CURB ILLEGAL IMMIGRATION TO THE U.S., THE NUMBER OF MIGRANTS RISKING THEIR LIVES CROSSING REMOTE AND TREACHEROUS TERRAIN CONTINUES, OFTEN AT A DEADLY COST. IN SOUTHERN ARIZONA, MORE THAN 3000 HUMAN REMAINS HAVE BEEN FOUND OVER THE PAST TWO DECADES, MANY OF THEM ARE UNIDENTIFIED. BUT ONE LOCAL ARTIST HAS MADE IT HIS MISSION TO HONOR THE LIVES OF THE MIGRANTS WHO HAVE DIED IN THE SONORAN DESERT. ARIZONA PUBLIC MEDIA BRINGS US THE STORY OF ARTIST ALVARO ENCISO, WHO MARKS THOSE DEADLY CROSSINGS WITH CROSSES.

>> WHEN I MOVED HERE, I IMMEDIATELY WANTED TO CONNECT WITH THE PEOPLE WHO WERE PUTTING THE WORD OUT IN THE DESERT. AND I SAW THE MASS OF RED DOTS ALMOST COVERING THE GEOGRAPHICAL DETAIL OF THE MAP. I KNEW RIGHT THEN AND THERE I OCEDED TO TAKE THAT RED DOT TO WHERE THE TRAGEDRRED. EVERY TIME THEY COLLECT A BODY, THEY PUT A G.P.S. MARKING WHERE THE PERSON WAS FOUND. SO, THE NIGHT BEFORE, I LOOK AT HOW AM I GOING TO GET THERE? HOW FAR WE'RE GOING TO HAVE TO WALK? AND WE PREPARE FOR IT.TE THE ULTIMAOAL IS TO GET TO THE LOCATION ONE WAY OR ANOTHER. WE TRY TO PUT FOUR CROSSES EVERY TIME WE GO. SO, RED DOT MARK A LOCN. AND WE OPERATE IN AN AREA THAT IS 40,000 SQUARE MILES. I GOT AN EMAIL FROM A WOMAN WHOSE BROTHER DIED HE. AND SHE SAYS, "COULD YOUUT A CROSS FOR MY BROTHER?"

>> WHEN DID HE DIE, I WONDER?

>> 2013. I HAVE A FRIEND WHO'S MY G.P.S. PERSON, WHO'S ABLE TO GUIDE US TO THE EXACT LOCATION.

>> WELL, IT LOOKS LIKE THERE MIGHT BE A COUPLE OF WAYS TO CONNECT TO IT.TH BUT THE ONE INK IS...

>> SOMETIMES YOU HAVE TO FIND...

>> ...THREE MILES.AD

>> ...THAT THE MAP DOESN'T EVEN SHOW. MOST OF THE MIGRANTS WHO DIED OUT IN THE DESERT WERE OFF THE TRAIL. THEY WERE LEFT BEHIND. THEY GOT LOST, DISORIENTED, AND THEY ENDED UP WALKING IN CIRCLES UNTIL THEY RAN OUT OF WATER AND DIED. IT'S A TRAGEDY THAT HAS A LOT OF RAMIFICATIONS. THERE'S A VOID IN THATY. I'M WALKING ALONG WITH THEM. I'M WALKING THE SAME GROUND.TH I'M FEELE SAME HEAT. THREE BEEPS, IT'S OKAY WH ME. DO WE HAVE A NAME?

>> UNIDENTIFIED. UNDETERMINED SKELETAL REMAINS. APL 13, 2018.

>> HALF OF THE TIME, WE DON'T HAVE THE NAMES OF THE PERSON. AND THOSE CASES AFFECT ME THE MOST. OKAY. BECAUSE THERE'S NO CLOSURE FOR THE FAMILY. THAT FAMILY STILL HOPING THAT ONE DAY THIS PERN IS GOING TO MAKE A PHONE CALL AND SAY, "HEY, I'M HERE." WE KNOW THAT THAT'S NOT GOING TO HAPPEN, AND THAT BREAKS MY HEART. THIS IS LIKE A LITTLE OASIS HERE. SO, HE PROBABLY GOT HERE, LOOKING FOR SHADE AND A LITTLE COOL, AND JUST COULDN'T GET UP. I KNEW THAT THESE CROSSES WEREN'T GOING TO BE SEEN BYY. ANYB THE FAMILIES OF THOSE PEOPLE NEVER GET TO SEE THEM. BUT EVERY NOW AND THEN, SOMETHING MAGICAL HAPPENS. THE FAMILY CAME ALL THE WAY FROM NEW JERSEY, HER TWO DAUGHTERS ANHER HUSBAND, AND WE WENT TOGETHER AND PUT A CROSS WITH THEM

>> SHE WAS TRYING TO HELP AS MUCH AS POSSIBLE.IR AND SHE IN SO MANY PEOPLE, LIKE FAMILY MEMBERS ANYONE THAT NEEDED HELP.

>> I DON'T HAVE ENOUGHIN ME TO FINISH IT, SO IT'S GOING TO BE AN INCOMPLETE PROJECT. BUT I'M OKAY WITH THAT BECAUSE, LITTLE BY LITTLE, THE TRUTH IS COMING OUT.

>> Sreenivasan: FINALLY TONIGH

>> I WANT TO PLAY A RHYTHM.

>> Sreen

>> Sreenivasan: JOIN US AGAIN TOMORROW FOR A SPECIAL LOOK AT THE CAREER OF GUITAR GREAT CARLOS SANTANA. 50 YEARS AFTER HIS APPEARANCE AT WOODSTOCK, HE'S STILL MAKING MUSIC, TOURING AND THIS WEEKEND, HE JUST RELEASED HIS LATEST ALBUM, "AFRICA SPEAKS."TH AT'S ALL FOR THIS EDITION OF PBS NEWSHOUR WEEKEND. I'M HARI SREENIVASAN. THANKS FOR WATCHING. A HAOOD NIGHT. ni Capt sponsored by WNET Captioned by Media Access Group at WGBH access.wgbh.org

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