PBS NewsHour; June 4, 2012 6:00pm-7:00pm PDT

Captioning sponsored by MacNEIL/LEHRER PRODUCTIONS

>> Brown: DEMONSTRATORS STAGED A THIRD DAY OF PROTESTS IN CAIRO'S TAHRIR SQUARE, AFTER FORMER EGYPTIAN PRESIDENT MUBARAK WAS SENTENCED TO LIFE IN PRISON OVER THE WEEKEND. GOOD EVENING, I'M JEFFREY BROWN.

>> Ifill: AND I'M GWEN IFILL. ON THE "NEWSHOUR" TONIGHT, WE GET THE LATEST ON THE TURMOIL IN EGYPT, AS THREE LOSING CANDIDATES ALLEGE FRAUD IN LAST MONTH'S RUNOFF ELECTIONS.

>> Brown: THEN, WE TURN TO ELECTIONS IN THIS COUNTRY WITH A PREVIEW OF THE HEATED BATTLE IN WISCONSIN OVER RECALLING THE GOVERNOR.

>> IT'S A POWER STRUGGLE BETWEEN THE TAX PAYERS AND THE PUBLIC WORKERS' UNION.

>> WHEN YOU MESS WITH WISCONSIN, YOU'RE MESSING WITH SOMETHING THAT IS VERY BASIC TO THE HEARTLAND OF AMERICA.

>> Ifill: MARGARET WARNER EXAMINES TODAY'S SUPREME COURT DECISION SHIELDING THE SECRET SERVICE FROM A LAWSUIT BY A MAN WHO CONFRONTED FORMER VICE PRESIDENT DICK CHENEY.

>> Brown: FROM OUR "AMERICAN GRADUATE" SERIES, HARI SREENIVASAN INTERVIEWS PHILANTHROPIST MELINDA GATES ABOUT THE ROLE OF TEACHERS IN PREVENTING STUDENTS FROM DROPPING OUT OF SCHOOL.

>> AN EFFECTIVE TEACHER IN FRONT OF A STUDENT, THAT STUDENT WILL MAKE THREE TIMES THE GAINS IN A SCHOOL YEAR THAN ANOTHER STUDENT WILL MAKE.

>> Ifill: AND WE CLOSE WITH A LOOK AT BRITAIN'S CELEBRATION OF QUEEN ELIZABETH'S DIAMOND JUBILEE, CLOUDED BY THE HOSPITALIZATION TODAY OF HER HUSBAND, PRINCE PHILIP.

>> Brown: THAT'S ALL AHEAD ON TONIGHT'S "NEWSHOUR." MAJOR FUNDING FOR THE PBS NEWSHOUR HAS BEEN PROVIDED BY: AND THE WILLIAM AND FLORA HEWLETT FOUNDATION, WORKING TO SOLVE SOCIAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS AT HOME AND AROUND THE WORLD. AND WITH THE ONGOING SUPPORT OF THESE INSTITUTIONS AND FOUNDATIONS. AND... THIS PROGRAM WAS MADE POSSIBLE BY THE CORPORATION FOR PUBLIC BROADCASTING. AND BY CONTRIBUTIONS TO YOUR PBS STATION FROM VIEWERS LIKE YOU. THANK YOU.

>> Ifill: THERE WAS MORE UNREST IN EGYPT TODAY AND ACTIVISTS CALLED FOR YET ANOTHER MAJOR PROTEST TOMORROW. THE UPRISING COMES JUST WEEKS AFTER THE COUNTRY'S FIRST DEMOCRATIC PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION AND MORE THAN A YEAR AFTER THE TOPPLING OF FORMER EGYPTIAN PRESIDENT HOSNI MUBARAK. THE CROWDS HAD THINNED IN CAIRO'S TAHRIR SQUARE, BUT THE MESSAGE REMAINED THE SAME ON THIS THIRD DAY OF PROTESTS.

>> ( translated ): WE HAVE TO BRING THE RIGHTS OF THE MARTYRS AND WE HAVE TO RETRY MUBARAK. THIS VERDICT IS UNACCEPTABLE.

>> Ifill: ON SATURDAY, LYING IN A HOSPITAL BED AND PARTIALLY CONCEALED WITHIN A CAGE, FORMER PRESIDENT HOSNI MUBARAK LISTENED AS A JUDGE SENTENCED HIM TO LIFE IN PRISON FOR HIS ROLE IN THE DEATHS OF PROTESTERS DURING LAST FEBRUARY'S UPRISING. FIGHTS BROKE OUT INSIDE THE COURT ROOM BETWEEN MUBARAK SUPPORTERS AND OPPONENTS, LEAVING SOME BLOODIED. OUTSIDE, THE DECISION SPARKED EVEN MORE CLASHES. THOUSANDS MARCHED INTO THE NIGHT DENOUNCING MUBARAK'S SENTENCE AS AN INJUSTICE.

>> IT'S A VERY DISAPPOINTING JUDGMENT. THE MINIMUM SENTENCE FOR MUBARAK IS TO BE HANGED. SO WE ARE ALL DISAPPOINTED AND BACK TO THE SQUARE, TAHRIR SQUARE FOR JUSTICE.

>> Ifill: SATURDAY'S CONTROVERSIAL OUTCOME SET THE STAGE FOR EVEN MORE TENSION AS EGYPT'S PRESIDENTIAL RUNOFF APPROACHES ON JUNE 16. OVER THE WEEKEND, PRESIDENTIAL CANDIDATE MOHAMED MORSI OF THE MUSLIM BROTHERHOOD SAID IF ELECTED, HE'D RETRY MUBAREK.

>> WE HAVE TRUE EVIDENCE TO RETRY THE CRIMINALS WHO KILLED THE MARTYRS, WHO KILLED THE REVOLUTIONARIES, AND THE EGYPTIAN PEOPLE.

>> Ifill: HIS OPPONENT AHMED SHAFIQ, THE LAST PRIME MINISTER UNDER MUBARAK, LASHED OUT AT MORSI'S PARTY.

>> ( translated ): I REPRESENT THE CIVIL STATE WHILE THE MUSLIM BROTHERHOOD REPRESENTS A SECTARIAN STATE. I REPRESENT DEVELOPMENT AND IMPROVEMENT WHILE THEY REPRESENT REGRESSION.

>> Ifill: MORE CONTROVERSY EMERGED TODAY. THREE LOSING CANDIDATES FROM THE LAST ROUND OF VOTING SAID THOSE RESULTS SHOULD BE MADE INVALID. THEY SAY 1.6 MILLION BALLOTS WERE ILLEGALLY THROWN OUT. MORE THAN 20 MILLION PEOPLE VOTED LESS THAN TWO WEEKS AGO. AND FOR MORE, I SPOKE A SHORT TIME AGO WITH NANCY YOUSSEF OF McCLATCHY NEWSPAPERS IN CAIRO. NANCY, THANKS AGAIN FOR JOINING US: LAST TIME WE SPOKE WAS RIGHT AFTER THE ELECTIONS AND EVERYBODY WAS STILL JUBILANT. NOW TONIGHT WE'RE SEEING MORE TURMOIL AGAIN. WHAT HAPPENED?

>> WELL, THE MUBARAK VERDICT IN WHICH HE AND HIS MINISTER OF INTERIOR WERE FOUND GUILTY AND GIVEN A LIFE SENTENCE AND THEIR SUBORDINATES LET OFF REALLY SORT OF SET OFF THE REVOLUTIONARIES. I THINK THAT AND THE FACT THAT HIS FORMER PRIME MINISTER WAS IN THE RUN-OFF ELECTION REALLY SET OFF PEOPLE WHO WANTED A REVOLUTION AND FEEL THAT IT'S IN TROUBLE RIGHT NOW, THAT RATHER THAN SORT OF SEEING REVOLUTIONARY CHANGES, THAT THERE'S MORE OF THE SAME, THAT THE REGIME IS SORT OF GIVING THEM REFORMS BUT NOT REALLY. THAT THE SYSTEM IS STILL INTACT.

>> Ifill: WHY WAS A LIFE SENTENCE FOR MUBARAK CONSIDERED TO BE A WEAK VERDICT? WAS IT REALLY ABOUT THE VERDICT OR WAS IT ABOUT THE ELECTION?

>> IT WAS BOTH REALLY. I THINK IT WAS VERY FUNNY TO WATCH PEOPLE BECAUSE THEY HEARD THE LIFE SENTENCE ANNOUNCED FIRST FOR MUBARAK AND THEN FOR HIS MINISTER OF INTERIOR AND PEOPLE STARTED SETTING OFF FIREWORKS AND CRYING AND CELEBRATING. THEN THEY STARTED HEARING ONE AFTER ANOTHER OF THE SIX CODEFENDANTS GET ABSOLUTELY NOTHING. THESE WERE PEOPLE WHO WERE HEAD OF THE SECURITY FORCES PEOPLE WHO WENT OUT IN THE STREETS AND CARRIED OUT THE ORDERS. THERE WAS A FEELING THAT THEY WERE BEING PLAYED REALLY. THAT THE REGIME WAS TRYING TO SORT OF HOLD MUBARAK AND THE MINISTER OF INTERIOR RESPONSIBLE, THE OLD REGIME, IF YOU WILL. BUT ALLOW PEOPLE TO COME BACK IN. PEOPLE LIKE THE HEAD OF THE CENTRAL SECURITY FORCES COULD EVENTUALLY COME BACK INTO POWER, COULD MOVE BACK INTO THE SYSTEM. THERE WAS AN EFFORT TO SORT OF GIVE THEM THE APPEARANCE OF JUSTICE WITHOUT REALLY HOLDING EVERYBODY ACCOUNTABLE. FOR PEOPLE HERE, IT WAS UNCONCEIVABLE THAT MUBARAK COULD BE FOUND GUILTY AND GIVEN A LIFE SENTENCE. THOSE WHO ACTUALLY CARRIED OUT THE ORDERS, SOME OF THEM IN THE STREETS THEMSELVES, COULD BE ALLOWED TO WALK.

>> Ifill: IS THERE ANY CONCERN AT ALL THAT AHMED WHO WAS A FORMER MUBARAK LIEUTENANT THAT SO MUCH OF THE POLITICAL FIRE SEEMS AIMED AT HIM. IS THERE CONCERN THAT HE MIGHT PARDON MUBARAK OR INVALIDATE THE VERDICT?

>> THERE ABSOLUTELY IS. THERE'S A CONCERN THAT HE'LL BRING BACK SOME OF THE OLD REGIME, THAT HE'LL PARDON MUBARAK AND LET HIM FREE, THAT HE'LL DROP SOME OF THE CHARGES AGAINST HIS SONS, THAT THERE'S AN EFFORT THAT THE OLD REMNANTS OF THE REGIME TO COME BACK INTO POWER AND REALLY UNDO, IF YOU WILL, SOME OF THE EFFORTS TO BRING ABOUT REFORMS IN THE COUNTRY. IT'S SOMETHING THAT HIS COMPETITOR IN THE RUN-OFF ELECTION IS REALLY EXPLOITING AND GOING TO PEOPLE AND SAYING THAT THIS RUN-OFF ELECTION IS A CHOICE BETWEEN MORE OF THE SAME AND REALLY FORM. BUT IT'S SOMETHING THAT HE CAN'T SHAKE OFF AND IS TRYING TO. HE SAID OVER THE WEEKEND THAT THE BROTHERHOOD WERE REMNANTS OF THE REGIME WHEN IN FACT EGYPTIANS SEE HIM AS A REMNANT OF THE REGIME. THERE'S A REAL FEAR. REMEMBER THAT WHEN MUBARAK'S VERDICT WAS HANDED DOWN HE WAS GIVEN A LIFE SENTENCE AND THEN THE JUDGE PROCEEDED TO SAY THAT ACTUALLY THE PROSECUTION HAD NEVER PROVEN ANYTHING. PEOPLE REALLY SAW THIS AS LAYING THE GROUND WORK FOR A SUCCESSFUL APPEAL. IF THE JUDGE IS SAYING THERE'S NO GROUNDS FOR CONVICTING HIM, WHY WOULDN'T MUBARAK BE GIVEN AN APPEAL. THE THINKING IS ONCE SHAFIQ IS IN POWER HE'LL HAVE THE LEGAL BASIS TO SAY THERE IS INSUFFICIENT EVIDENCE AGAINST MUBARAK AND HE SHOULD BE LET FREE.

>> Ifill: TODAY WE HEAR THAT THREE OF THE RUNNER-UP CANDIDATES ARE TAKING ISSUE WITH THE OUTCOME OF THE ELECTIONS. DOES THAT MEAN THERE WILL BE AN INVESTIGATION INTO HOW THESE VOTES ARE CAST?

>> YOU WOULD THINK SO. BUT THE PROBLEM IS THE ELECTION COMMISSION HAS THE FINAL SAY IN EVERYTHING HERE. THERE IS NOBODY TO OVERRIDE THEM. REMEMBER A FEW WEEKS AGO WHEN THEY DECLARED THAT TEN CANDIDATES WERE DISQUALIFIED. SO THEY COULD EASILY SAY THAT THE ELECTION WAS FAIR OR NOT FAIR. THERE'S NOBODY TO REALLY QUESTION IT. THE LOSING CANDIDATES ARE TRYING TO SAY THAT BECAUSE THERE WAS A LAW PASSED BEFORE THE ELECTION THAT SAID THAT NOBODY FROM THE REGIME COULD RUN FOR OFFICE FOR TEN YEARS THAT SHAFIQ COULD BE DISQUALIFIED. THAT LAW WENT WENT TO THE CONSTITUTIONAL COURT. THE COURT HASN'T RULED ON IT. SO THEY'RE ARGUING THAT IF THE LAW WAS LEGAL AND THEREFORE SHAFIQ CAN'T BE A PRESIDENTIAL CANDIDATE.

>> Ifill: TOMORROW WE EXPECT EVEN MORE DEMONSTRATIONS IN THE SQUARE.

>> I THINK SO. I MEAN THERE'S A REAL EFFORT TO KIND OF REGALVANIZE THE REVOLUTIONARY SPIRIT THROUGH TAHRIR SQUARE. THE PROBLEM IS IT'S ONE THING TO MARCH IN THE SQUARE BUT THEY STILL CAN'T GET AROUND ONE MESSAGE. YOU HAVE ALL THESE FACTIONS WITHIN THE SORT OF REVOLUTIONARY GROUPS FIGHTING OVER WHAT SHOULD BE THE MESSAGE AND WHO SHOULD BE THE LEADER. SO I THINK THE SPIRIT IS THERE IN TAHRIR SQUARE BUT IN TERMS OF TANGIBLE SOLUTIONS FOR THOSE WHO WANT TO SEE A REAL REVOLUTION HERE, I DON'T THINK IT CAN HAPPEN THROUGH TAHRIR SQUARE. I THINK YOU'RE SEEING A LOT OF PEOPLE RECONCILING. THERE'S EBBS AND FLOWS IN TERMS OF WHO WE SEE OUT THERE AND THE KIND OF ENTHUSIASM THAT'S THERE. BUT THERE'S A REAL EFFORT TO KIND OF JUMP-START IT, IF YOU WILL, BY GETTING THE CROWDS BACK OUT THERE IT'S THE ONLY WAY HE... THEY KNOW HOW TO SORT OF BRING ABOUT CHANGE.

>> Ifill: NANCY YOUSSEF IN CAIRO TONIGHT, THANK YOU SO MUCH.

>> SURE.

>> Brown: STILL TO COME ON THE "NEWSHOUR": THE HIGH STAKES IN WISCONSIN'S RECALL ELECTION; A SECRET-SERVICE RULING AT THE SUPREME COURT; MELINDA GATES ON TEACHERS AND DROP-OUTS AND THE QUEEN'S 60TH ANNIVERSARY. BUT FIRST, THE OTHER NEWS OF THE DAY. HERE'S KWAME HOLMAN.

>> Holman: THE EURO RALLIED TODAY AS INVESTORS SAW SIGNS THERE MAY BE GREATER FISCAL INTEGRATION IN THE EURO ZONE. FINANCE MINISTERS OF SOME OF THE WORLD'S LEADING ECONOMIES ARE SET TO HOLD EMERGENCY TALKS TOMORROW ON A WAY TO SOLVE THE EUROZONE CRISIS. STOCKS CLOSED FLAT ON WALL STREET TODAY AFTER A CHOPPY DAY OF TRADING, MUCH OF THAT RELATED TO THE FATE OF THE EURO. THE DOW JONES INDUSTRIAL AVERAGE LOST 17 POINTS TO CLOSE ABOVE 12,101. THE NASDAQ ROSE MORE THAN 12 POINTS TO CLOSE AT 2,760. IN IRAQ TODAY, A SUICIDE CAR BOMB IN CENTRAL BAGHDAD KILLED AT LEAST 23 PEOPLE. IT TARGETED THE MAIN SHIITE RELIGIOUS AFFAIRS OFFICE, DETONATING RIGHT OUTSIDE THE BUILDING. NEARLY 200 PEOPLE WERE WOUNDED IN THE EXPLOSION THAT SHATTERED NEARBY WINDOWS AND DAMAGED CARS. SECURITY OFFICIALS SAID THE BOMBING APPEARED TO BE THE WORK OF AL QAEDA'S IRAQ WING. OFFICIALS IN PAKISTAN CONDEMNED A SUSPECTED U.S. DRONE STRIKE THAT KILLED AT LEAST 15 PEOPLE TODAY. THE ATTACK TARGETED A MILITANT HIDEOUT IN THE NORTH WAZIRISTAN TRIBAL REGION. IT'S THE THIRD SUCH STRIKE IN AS MANY DAYS, REPORTEDLY KILLING CLOSE TO 30 PEOPLE IN ALL. REBELS FIGHTING THE REGIME OF SYRIAN PRESIDENT BASHAR ASSAD BANDED TOGETHER TODAY IN A NEW COALITION. THE GROUP IS KNOWN AS "THE SYRIAN REBELS FRONT" AND AIMS TO OVERCOME DIVISION WITHIN THE OPPOSITION. IN A SPEECH TO PARLIAMENT YESTERDAY, ASSAD DEFENDED HIS GOVERNMENT'S CRACKDOWN ON THE OPPOSITION, AND INSISTED THE REVOLT WAS THE WORK OF FOREIGNERS.

>> ( translated ): THE ROAD OF REFORM AND OPENNESS WE ARE GOING DOWN IS IRREVERSIBLE AND SYRIA IS MOVING TOWARDS THE FUTURE DESPITE ALL ITS WOUNDS; IT IS THE CREATOR OF ALL ITS CHILDREN, REGARDLESS OF DIFFERING OPINIONS IT IS PEACEFUL AND DEMOCRATIC, AND BECAUSE IT SERVES THE INTERESTS OF THE CITIZENS AND IS NOT AGAINST THEM. TERRORISM IS NOT LINKED WITH THE POLITICAL PROCESS AND IT IS TARGETING THE MOTHERLAND, ALL THE PEOPLE, AND ITS INSTITUTIONS AND PARTIES.

>> Holman: A PEACE PLAN PUT FORWARD BY U.N. MEDIATOR KOFI ANNAN HAS SO FAR GONE UNIMPLEMENTED. TODAY, ANNAN SAID WORLD POWERS MUST ENSURE IT WORKS. ANNAN WILL BRIEF THE U.N. SECURITY COUNCIL AND HOLD TALKS WITH U.S. SECRETARY OF STATE HILLARY CLINTON ON SYRIA LATER THIS WEEK. RESCUE CREWS IN NIGERIA KEPT SEARCHING FOR VICTIMS OF A COMMERCIAL AIRLINER CRASH YESTERDAY IN LAGOS. ALL 153 PEOPLE ON BOARD WERE KILLED, AND 110 OF THE BODIES HAVE BEEN RECOVERED SO FAR. EMERGENCY WORKERS SPENT TODAY COMBING THROUGH THE WRECKAGE AND CLEARING AWAY DEBRIS. WEATHER CONDITIONS WERE CLEAR WHEN THE PLANE CRASHED, BUT THE AMERICAN PILOT HAD REPORTED ENGINE TROUBLE. THE PLANE WENT DOWN IN A DENSELY POPULATED AREA SO THE DEATH TOLL IS EXPECTED TO GROW. THREE NEW SITES IN VIETNAM WILL BE OPENED UP FOR THE U.S. TO SEARCH FOR THE REMAINS OF MISSING U.S. SERVICEMEN FROM THE VIETNAM WAR. THAT ANNOUNCEMENT CAME FROM THE VIETNAMESE GOVERNMENT DURING A VISIT BY U.S. DEFENSE SECRETARY LEON PANETTA. AT LEAST FOUR AMERICANS WENT MISSING IN THE AREAS TO BE OPENED. PANETTA ALSO EXCHANGED WAR ARTIFACTS WITH HIS VIETNAMESE COUNTERPART. THEY TRADED THE WAR-TIME LETTERS OF A FALLEN U.S. SOLDIER FOR THE DIARY OF A VIETNAMESE SOLDIER. THOSE ARE SOME OF THE DAY'S MAJOR STORIES. NOW, BACK TO JEFF.

>> Brown: A BITTERLY DIVIDED ELECTORATE; A LONG TRADITION OF POLITICAL EXPERIMENTS; OUTSIDE MONEY HELPING FUND THE MOST EXPENSIVE CAMPAIGN IN STATE HISTORY AND NATIONAL REPERCUSSIONS WHATEVER THE OUTCOME OF THE VOTE: WELCOME TO WISCONSIN. ( CHEERING ) ( CARS HONKING )

>> Brown: A PEDESTRIAN OVERPASS ATOP I-94 OUTSIDE MILWAUKEE: IT'S NOT THE MOST OBVIOUS PLACE TO WAGE POLITICAL GUERRILLA WARFARE, BUT FOR THESE SUPPORTERS OF WISCONSIN'S REPUBLICAN GOVERNOR SCOTT WALKER, THE STAKES IN TOMORROW'S RECALL ELECTION COULDN'T BE HIGHER AND ANYTHING GOES.

>> IT'S A POWER STRUGGLE

>> Brown: YEAH? A POWER STRUGGLE BETWEEN...

>> BETWEEN THE TAXPAYERS AND THE PUBLIC WORKERS UNIONS.

>> Brown: WHAT KIND OF REACTION ARE YOU GETTING FROM PEOPLE?

>> WE'RE GETTING A LOT OF BEEPING AND THUMBS UP. WE'RE GETTING A FEW NOT SO NICE GESTURES.

>> Brown: GESTURES YOU DON'T WANT TO MAKE FOR US.

>> CORRECT.

>> A MILLION SIGNED A PETITION TO BRING SCOTT WALKER DOWN! ♪

>> Brown: SUPPORTERS OF SCOTT WALKERS DEMOCRATIC OPPONENT, MILWAUKEE MAYOR TOM BARRETT, HAVE THEIR OWN BRAND-- MAKE THAT BAND-- OF POLITICAL PASSION.

>> WHEN YOU MESS WITH WISCONSIN, YOU'RE MESSING WITH SOMETHING THAT'S VERY BASIC TO THE HEARTLAND OF AMERICA.

>> Brown: STATE BY STREET, NEIGHBOR BY NEIGHBOR, EVERYWHERE YOU TURN IN THIS STATE IT IS LOUD, RAUCOUS, INTENSELY DIVIDED.

>> IT'S BECOME A LITTLE BIT OF A CIRCUS... WISCONSIN POLITICS ALL OF A SUDDEN ARE NO LONGER CIVILIZED.

>> Brown: AND THE CANDIDATES THEMSELVES SAY THAT WHAT HAPPENS IN WISCONSIN WILL RESONATE FAR BEYOND THE STATE, AS IT HAS IN

>> WE HAVE BEEN A LEADER. YEARS AND YEARS AGO, IT WAS PROGRESSIVE ON THE LEFT. A GENERATION AGO, IT WAS WELFARE REFORM AND SCHOOL CHOICE ON THE RIGHT. I THINK WE'RE A LEADER AGAIN.

>> Brown: YOU'VE BEEN TALKING ABOUT TAKING ON THE SPECIAL INTERESTS, WHO DOES THAT MEAN?

>> PUBLIC EMPLOYEE UNIONS. THE LEADERSHIP OF OUR PUBLIC EMPLOYEE UNIONS IN STATE AFTER STATE, IN LOCAL GOVERNMENT AFTER LOCAL GOVERNMENT, NOT ONLY HERE IN WISCONSIN BUT ACROSS THE COUNTRY, HAVE HAD A STRANGLEHOLD ON THE TAXPAYERS. AND THAT'S DRIVEN MANY OF THE DEFICITS THAT WE'VE SEEN NOT ONLY HERE IN WISCONSIN, BUT I BELIEVE MANY OF THE DEFICITS AROUND THE COUNTRY.

>> I THINK GOVERNOR WALKER WANTS TO HAVE NATIONAL IMPLICATIONS AND I THINK THAT IS WHO HE IS CATERING TO. HE IS THE ROCK STAR OF THE FAR RIGHT AND HE IS ABLE TO RAISE THESE TENS OF MILLIONS OF DOLLARS.

>> Brown: YOU KEEP USING THAT PHRASE.

>> BECAUSE IT'S TRUE. YOU'VE GOT A SITTING GOVERNOR WHO RAISES 60%-70% OF HIS MONEY FROM OUT OF STATE. SO HE WANTS THE STATE TO BE AN EXPERIMENTAL DISH FOR THE RIGHT WING.

>> Brown: NATIONALLY?

>> YEAH, NATIONALLY.

>> Brown: WISCONSIN HAS BEEN LIVING THROUGH A POLITICAL DRAMA FOR NEARLY TWO YEARS NOW, WITH A GREAT DEBATE OVER THE SIZE AND SCOPE OF GOVERNMENT, BUDGET DEFICITS AND SPENDING, AND THE POWER OF CORPORATIONS AND UNIONS. IF ALL THAT SOUNDS FAMILIAR, WELL IT SHOULD: THIS STATE IS A LABORATORY FOR MANY OF THE ISSUES PLAYING OUT IN, AND DIVIDING, THE NATION. IT BEGAN IN NOVEMBER 2010. WHEN THEN OLD SCOTT WALKER DEFEATED TOM BARRETT BY FIVE POINTS. AND WISCONSIN, WHICH HAD VOTED FOR BARACK OBAMA IN 2008 CHANGED OVERNIGHT FROM DEMOCRATIC TO REPUBLICAN CONTROL OF BOTH HOUSES OF ITS LEGISLATURE AND THE GOVERNORS OFFICE.

>> I, SCOTT WALKER...

>> Brown: A MONTH AFTER TAKING OFFICE, WALKER SENT SHOCKWAVES THROUGH THE STATE, INTRODUCING AND EVENTUALLY SIGNING A MEASURE TO END COLLECTIVE BARGAINING RIGHTS FOR MOST PUBLIC SECTOR UNIONS. THE GOVERNOR CLAIMS IT WAS NECESSARY TO CLOSE WISCONSIN'S $3.6 BILLION BUDGET DEFICIT.

>> WE'RE MOVING WISCONSIN FORWARD.

>> Brown: HIS OPPONENTS SAW IT AS A WAR ON UNIONS AND PUBLIC SERVICES AND STAGED MASS PROTESTS OUTSIDE AND EVEN INSIDE THE CAPITOL IN MADISON, DECRYING THE CHALLENGE TO THE STATES HISTORIC TRADITION ON LABOR RIGHTS. WISCONSIN PASSED THE NATION'S FIRST WORKERS COMPENSATION PROTECTIONS IN 1911. TWO DECADES LATER, IT WAS FIRST TO INTRODUCE UNEMPLOYMENT BENEFITS. AND IT WAS THIS VERY STATE, THAT IN 1959, WAS FIRST STATE TO GRANT COLLECTIVE BARGAINING RIGHTS TO PUBLIC EMPLOYEES. WITH ALL THAT IN MIND, THE RECALL PETITION GATHERED STEAM LAST FALL, LEADING TO TOMORROW'S REMATCH BETWEEN WALKER AND BARRETT. IF WISCONSIN IS A LABORATORY, IT'S SCHOOLS MAY WELL BE THE PLACE TO THAT WILL GIVE EVIDENCE AS TO HOW WELL THE EXPERIMENT IS WORKING.

>> IT'S A HOT TIME IN OUR STATE, ISN'T IT?

>> Brown: AT OCONOMOWOC HIGH SCHOOL, IN A SUBURB OF MILWAUKEE, SCHOOL SUPERINTENDENT PATRICIA NEUDECKER SAYS THE END OF COLLECTIVE BARGAINING WITH THE TEACHERS UNION HELPED BREAK WHAT SHE CALLS A LOGJAM.

>> WE'VE ASKED OURSELVES HOW CAN WE MAKE CHANGES TO USE OUR RESOURCES BETTER, OUR MONEY, OUR TIME, OUR PEOPLE.

>> Brown: NEUDECKER SAYS THE NEW RULES ALLOWED THE DISTRICT TO SAVE MONEY. NEGOTIATING A NEW HEALTH CARE CONTRACT, FOR EXAMPLE AND DROPPING 15 TEACHERS FROM A STAFF OF 60, EVEN WHILE PAYING THE REMAINING 45 $14,000 MORE A YEAR. MOST IMPORTANT, SHE SAYS, IS THE SCHOOLS NEW ABILITY TO CHANGE THE WORK DAY FOR TEACHERS HAVING TAKE ON FOUR 90 MINUTE BLOCKS RATHER THAN THREE.

>> WE DISCOVERED, IF YOU WILL, THAT WE COULD CREATE SOME EFFICIENCIES BY CHANGING THE WAY WE ASSIGN TEACHER CLASS LOADS.

>> Brown: WHICH YOU COULDN'T DO THAT UNDER THE COLLECTIVE BARGAINING?

>> WE WOULD HAVE HAD TO NEGOTIATE THAT CHANGE, THAT'S CORRECT. SO WE WOULD NOT HAVE BEEN ABLE TO MOVE FORWARD WITH THIS PLAN WITHOUT AN AGREEMENT FROM THE UNION, THAT'S TRUE.

>> Brown: WHICH WOULD HAVE BEEN HARD. THE TEACHERS UNION ARGUES THAT GOVERNOR WALKERS CUTS TO EDUCATION ARE LEADING TO FEWER TEACHERS, LONGER HOURS AND LARGER CLASS SIZES, ALL TO THE DETRIMENT OF LEARNING. MARK MINER IS A CIVICS TEACHER AT OCONOMOWOC WHO'S DECIDED TO RETIRE AHEAD OF SCHEDULE BECAUSE OF THE CHANGES.

>> I DON'T SEE HOW TAKING AWAY PREP TIME PARTICULARLY IS GOING TO LEAD TO AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE DELIVERY OF EDUCATION.

>> Brown: MINER SAYS MORALE IS LOW ALSO BECAUSE THE CHANGES WERE DONE TOP-DOWN, IN SECRET. AND LIKE MANY PUBLIC SECTOR WORKERS, HE'S SHOCKED BY THE BITTER TONE OF THE POLITICAL DEBATE.

>> PUBLIC EMPLOYEE TEACHERS HAVE ALMOST BECOME PUBLIC ENEMY NUMBER ONE IN WISCONSIN. PUBLIC EMPLOYEES DID NOT CAUSE THE FINANCIAL MELTDOWN. THEY DID NOT CAUSE THE HOUSING

>> Brown: THE GOVERNOR, THOUGH, IS STICKING TO HIS GUNS. AT A CAMPAIGN STOP AT QUAD GRAPHICS, A MAJOR PRINTING COMPANY BASED IN SUSSEX, HE HAD A DIRECT MESSAGE: HIS REFORMS ARE WORKING.

>> FOR THE FIRST TIME IN 12 YEARS, PROPERTY TAXES ACTUALLY WENT DOWN...

>> Brown: BY HIS SIDE ON THIS DAY: SOUTH CAROLINA GOVERNOR NIKKI HALEY, JUST ONE OF THE REPUBLICAN STARS OF WALKERS GENERATION WHO'VE COME TO HELP HIM.

>> THE COUNTRY IS WATCHING WISCONSIN!

>> Brown: INDEED IT IS.

>> WE KNOW THAT THIS GOVERNOR HAS SAID THAT HE WAS GOING TO DROP THE BOMB. DROP THE BOMB ON THE WORKING PEOPLE OF THIS STATE.

>> Brown: AND AT A CROWDED AND CHILLY RALLY IN A MILWAUKEE PARK, TOM BARRETT BROUGHT IN SOME DEMOCRATIC STAR POWER OF HIS OWN: FORMER PRESIDENT BILL CLINTON.

>> YOU NEED A BUDGET FROM THE NEXT GOVERNOR THAT DEALS WITH WHATEVER THE REALITIES ARE BUT WHERE THERE ARE SHARED RESPONSIBILITIES AND SHARED SACRIFICE, NOT WINNER TAKE ALL.

>> Brown: AFTER THE EVENT I WAS

>> BILL CLINTON IS ONCE AGAIN COMING INTO TOWN AND CAMPAIGNING FOR TOM BARRETT...

>> Brown: CONSERVATIVE RADIO TALK SHOW HOST CHARLIE SYKES IS CONVINCED THAT WHAT THE MAJORITY OF WISCONSIN CITIZENS DO WANT IS A POLITICIAN PRECISELY LIKE SCOTT WALKER, WILLING TO TAKE- NO-PRISONERS, EVEN IF IT LEADS, AS IT HAS, TO THE THIRD RECALL ELECTION OF A GOVERNOR IN U.S. HISTORY.

>> CHANGE AGENTS ARE LIGHTNING RODS, THERE'S NO QUESTION ABOUT IT.

>> Brown: THAT'S HOW YOU SEE HIM-- A CHANGE AGENT?

>> YEAH, OH VERY MUCH A CHANGE AGENT. LOOK, A LOT OF POLITICIANS IN HIS POSITION COULD HAVE APPOINTED A BLUE RIBBON TASK FORCE, COULD HAVE KICKED THE CAN DOWN THE ROAD, COULD HAVE SHUFFLED THE MONEY AROUND LIKE OTHER GOVERNORS, BOTH REPUBLICAN AND DEMOCRATS DID. AND HE WENT RIGHT AT IT AND SAID WE HAVE TO CHANGE THE DYNAMIC OF THE STATE OF WISCONSIN.

>> Brown: AND IF HE WINS, THE

>> Brown: THE PROGRESSIVE MAGAZINE IN MADISON HAS BEEN INVOLVED IN THESE KINDS OF BATTLES SINCE ITS FOUNDING BY FIGHTING BOB LA FOLLETTE MORE THAN A CENTURY AGO. TODAY, POLITICAL EDITOR RUTH CONNIFF SEES GOVERNOR WALKERS FIGHT AGAINST PUBLIC SECTOR UNIONS AS PART OF A LARGER AGENDA.

>> HE HAS BEEN WILLING TO ENACT THE LAUNDRY LIST OF FAR RIGHT POLICIES THAT GROUPS LIKE THE AMERICAN LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL, WHICH IS A NATIONAL GROUP OF CORPORATIONS AND REPUBLICAN STATE LEGISLATORS HAVE WANTED TO ENACT ACROSS THE COUNTRY IN STATES FOR A LONG TIME.

>> Brown: BUT YOU DON'T BUY THE NOTION THAT HE HAS HONEST CONVICTIONS OF HIS OWN? HE SAYS HE IS TAKING ON THINGS THAT HAVE TO BE DONE, STRUCTURAL

>> HE MAY BELIEVE IT. YOU KNOW, I THINK THERE IS SORT OF A SET IDEOLOGY ON THE RIGHT. I DON'T THINK ITS DRIVEN ONLY BY PERSONAL GREED ON HIS PART NECESSARILY. BUT IT IS CERTAINLY A PRETTY STARK RIGHT WING IDEOLOGY.

>> Brown: WITH POSITIONS SO HARDENED ON THE MAIN ISSUES, THE TWO SIDES HAVE TRIED OTHER TACTICS IN THE CAMPAIGNS CLOSING DAYS. WITH BARRETT POINTING TO A CORRUPTION SCANDAL INVOLVING SEVERAL FORMER WALKER AIDES AND WALKER TAKING AIM AT BARRETT'S RECORD ON JOBS AND CRIME IN MILWAUKEE. POLLSTER CHARLES FRANKLIN, A VISITING PROFESSOR AT MARQUETTE LAW SCHOOL, SAYS THINGS ARE SO POLARIZED THAT THERE ARE HARDLY ANY UNDECIDED VOTERS LEFT IN THE STATE.

>> IF YOU BELIEVE WE ARE REALLY WE COULD SEE AN INCREASE OF 500,000-800,000 VOTERS WHO DIDN'T COME OUT IN 2010, EITHER PARTY THAT CAN WIN THE DOMINANT SIDE OF THOSE VOTES IN TURNOUT WILL OVERWHELM THE 3% OF UNDECIDED VOTERS.

>> WE'RE ASKING FOLKS TODAY IF THEY PLAN ON VOTING IN THE RECALL ELECTION...

>> Brown: AND INDEED, THE PHONE BANKS WERE WORKING OVERTIME THIS WEEKEND FOR SCOTT WALKER. AND UNION MEMBERS WERE GOING DOOR-TO-DOOR FOR TOM BARRETT. AS ALL WATCH AND LISTEN TO THE NOISE, THE ENERGY, AND THE COMPETING VISIONS OF THE POLITICAL LABORATORY THAT IS WISCONSIN TODAY. YOU CAN FIND MORE ON WISCONSIN'S RECALL ELECTION, INCLUDING SOME BEHIND-THE-SCENES MOMENTS FROM MY REPORTING TRIP ON OUR WEBSITE newshour.pbs.org.

>> Ifill: NOW, THE SUPREME COURT RULES IN A CASE INVOLVING FREE SPEECH, SECURITY AND A FORMER VICE PRESIDENT. MARGARET WARNER HAS THE STORY.

>> Warner: THE COURT RULED UNANIMOUSLY TODAY TO SHIELD TWO SECRET SERVICE AGENTS FROM BEING SUED ON FIRST AMENDMENT GROUNDS BY A COLORADO MAN ARRESTED AFTER HE CONFRONTED THEN-VICE PRESIDENT DICK CHENEY IN 2006. THE MAN ARGUED HE'D BEEN ARRESTED BECAUSE OF CRITICAL REMARKS HE MADE ABOUT THE IRAQ WAR. HARASSMENT CHARGES AGAINST HIM WERE ULTIMATELY DROPPED. IN AN EIGHT-TO-ZERO DECISION, THE HIGH COURT OVERTURNED AN APPEALS COURT RULING ALLOWG THE LAWSUIT TO GO FORWARD. TO HELP US SORT THROUGH THIS, WE'RE JOINED BY MARCIA COYLE OF THE "NATIONAL LAW JOURNAL." Warner: WHAT HAPPENED IN THIS ENCOUNTER BETWEEN VICE PRESIDENT CHENEY AND THIS MAN INVOLVED?

>> THREE SECRET SERVICE AGENTS WITH MR. CHENEY AT THE MALL BEGAN WATCHING MR. HOWARDS BECAUSE ONE OF THEM HAD OVERHEARD A CELL PHONE CONVERSATION IN WHICH MR. HOWARDS SAID HE WAS GOING TO ASK THE VICE PRESIDENT, "HOW MANY KIDS DID YOU KILL TODAY?" MR. HOWARDS DID EVENTUALLY GET TO MR. CHENEY. INSTEAD HE JUST TOLD HIM THAT HE THOUGHT THE ADMINISTRATION'S POLICIES IN IRAQ WERE DISGUSTING. THE VICE PRESIDENT THANKED HIM. AS THE VICE PRESIDENT TURNED TO LEAVE MR. HOWARDS TOUCHED HIM ON THE SHOULDER. THERE'S A DISPUTE WHETHER IT WAS JUST AN OPEN HANDED PAT AS MR. HOWARDS CLAIMS OR A PUSH AS THE SECRET SERVICE AGENTS CLAIM. THE SECRET SERVICE, ONE OF THE THREE, THEN WENT AND SPOKE WITH MR. HOWARDS, ASKED HIM DID YOU ASSAULT MR. CHENEY? HE DENIED THAT. ASKED HIM IF HE HAD TOUCHED MR. CHENEY. MR. HOWARDS FALSELY DENIED THAT.

>> Warner: SO THE MAN MR. HOWARDS ARGUE THAT HE WAS ARRESTED INSTEAD BECAUSE OF HIS VIEWS?

>> EXACTLY. HIS CLAIM, AFTER THE CHARGES WERE DROPPED, WAS THAT HE WAS ARRESTED IN RETALIATION FOR EXERCISING HIS FIRST AMENDMENT SPEECH RIGHTS.

>> Warner: AND THE LAW ENFORCEMENT, THE SECRET SAID?

>> THEY SAID THAT THEY HAD WHAT IS KNOWN AS PROBABLE CAUSE, MORE THAN A GOOD REASON, TO ARREST HIM. HE HAD LIED TO FEDERAL OFFICIALS.

>> Warner: SO WHAT WAS JUSTICE CLARENCE THOMAS WRITING FOR THE MAJORITY, WHAT WAS HIS RULING ON WHY HE AGREED THAT THE AGENTS OR TO WHAT DEGREE HE AGREED WITH THE AGENTS.

>> FIRST OF ALL HE SAID WE'RE NOT TALKING ABOUT A GENERAL FIRST AMENDMENT TO BE FREE FROM RETALIATION FOR ONE'S SPEECH. HE SAID WHAT'S AT ISSUE HERE IS A VERY SPECIFIC FIRST AMENDMENT RIGHT TO BE FREE FROM RETALIATORY ARREST, AN ARREST THAT IS OTHERWISE SUPPORTED BY A GOOD PROBABLE CAUSE REASON. HE SAID THAT AT THE TIME THIS INCIDENT TOOK EFFECT, THE SUPREME COURT HAD NEVER RECOGNIZED THAT KIND OF A RIGHT AND IT ALSO WASN'T CLEARLY ESTABLISHED THROUGHOUT THE LAND THAT SUCH A RIGHT EXISTED. AND BECAUSE THE LAW WAS UNCLEAR, YOU COULD NOT HOLD THE SECRET SERVICE AGENTS RESPONSIBLE OR MAKE THEM GO THROUGH A TRIAL IN WHICH THEY FACED MONETARY DAMAGES.

>> Warner: WHAT IS THE PRACTICAL EFFECT OF THIS RULING AND HOW BROADLY DOES IT APPLY? LET'S SAY, WHEN WHETHER IT'S MITT ROMNEY OR PRESIDENT OBAMA OR ANY OTHER PUBLIC OFFICIALS OUT THERE, THE SECRET SERVICE IS NOT ONLY INVOLVED IN PROTECTING HIM OR HER BUT A LOT OF LOCAL LAW ENFORCEMENT AND STATE LAW ENFORCEMENT GETS DRAWN IN. DOES THIS CASE CHANGE HOW THEY NEED TO OPERATE, WHAT THEY CAN TAKE INTO ACCOUNT?

>> WELL, I THINK PROBABLY, FIRST OF ALL, IT'S A VERY GOOD DECISION FOR THESE TWO AGENTS. BUT THERE WAS A LOT OF UNHAPPINESS AMONG STATE AND LOCAL LAW ENFORCEMENT OFFICIALS BECAUSE THEY WANTED A BRIGHT LINE RULE FROM THE COURT. THEY WANTED THE COURT TO SAY, THIS TYPE OF RIGHT DOESN'T EXIST. LAW ENFORCEMENT...

>> Warner: THE RIGHT TO SUE. RIGHT. THE FIRST AMENDMENT RETALIATORY ARREST SO THAT LAW ENFORCEMENT OFFICERS WOULD KNOW, YOU KNOW, WHEN THEY WOULD CROSS THE LINE. THIS WAS NOT A LINE THAT THEY COULD CROSS. SO THE LAW IS STILL UNCLEAR. THE SUPREME COURT HASN'T RECOGNIZED THE RIGHT. ALL WE KNOW IS THAT IN 2006 THE RIGHT... WAS NOT CLEARLY ESTABLISHED.

>> Warner: MARCIA, BEFORE WE GO, THIS IS JUNE. TRADITIONALLY THE LAST DAY OF THE COURT. FAIR TO SAY WE'RE STILL AWAITING SOME REALLY BIG RULINGS.

>> RIGHT. WE HAVE ABOUT THREE WEEKS LEFT IN THE MONTH OR ALMOST FOUR WEEKS LEFT IN THE MONTH. EVERYBODY IS WATCHING OBVIOUSLY FOR THE HEALTH CARE RULING, THE CHALLENGE TO THE NEW FEDERAL HEALTH CARE LAW. THERE'S ALSO A LOT OF INTEREST IN ARIZONA'S VERY TOUGH IMMIGRATION LAW AND WHAT THAT MIGHT MEAN FOR OTHER STATES WITH SIMILAR LAWS. BUT THERE ARE ALSO A NUMBER OF VERY IMPORTANT DECISIONS, FOR EXAMPLE, THERE ARE TWO CASES INVOLVING THE CONSTITUTIONALITY OF IMPOSING LIFE WITHOUT PAROLE ON JUVENILES UNDER AGE 14 WHO COMMIT MURDERS. THERE'S A MAJOR CHALLENGE TO THE FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION'S REGULATION OF INDECENCY ON TELEVISION AND ALSO A FIRST AMENDMENT CHALLENGE INVOLVING THE FEDERAL LAW KNOWN AS THE STOLEN VALOR ACT.

>> Warner: AND I UNDERSTAND THAT THERE'S ALSO A CASE THAT WOULD GIVE THE COURT AN OPPORTUNITY, PERHAPS, TO TOUCH ON CITIZENS UNITED.

>> THE COURT ON JUNE 14 IS GOING TO TAKE ITS FIRST LOOK AT AN APPEAL, A PETITION, THAT'S BEEN FILED BY THREE CORPORATIONS WHO ARE CHALLENGING THE MONROE SUPREME COURT'S DECISION THAT ITS LAW BANNING CORPORATE INDEPENDENT EXPENDITURES SURVIVES DESPITE THE SUPREME COURT'S RULING IN CITIZENS UNITED. IT'S GOING TO BE VERY INTERESTING TO WATCH HOW THAT PLAYS OUT.

>> Warner: ESPECIALLY IN AN ELECTION YEAR.

>> ABSOLUTELY. Warner: MARCIA COYLE, THANKS SO MUCH.

>> MY PLEASURE.

>> Brown: NEXT, WE BEGIN A SERIES ABOUT TEACHERS, TESTING AND ACCOUNTABILITY IN PUBLIC SCHOOLS. IT'S AN ISSUE AT THE CENTER OF SOME MAJOR REFORM EFFORTS AND BATTLES IN SCHOOL DISTRICTS ACROSS THE COUNTRY. OUR FIRST PART INCLUDES THE VIEWS OF ONE OF THE MORE OUTSPOKEN REFORMERS AND PLAYERS IN THIS DEBATE. HARI SREENIVASAN HAS THE STORY.

>> Sreenivasan: THE DROPOUT PROBLEM IN AMERICAN HIGH SCHOOLS IS OFTEN REFERRED TO AS A "CRISIS" AND EDUCATORS SAY THE NUMBERS BACK THAT UP. ON AVERAGE, THREE IN TEN STUDENT DROP OUT OF HIGH SCHOOL. AMONG HISPANIC, AFRICAN-AMERICAN AND NATIVE AMERICAN STUDENTS, THAT NUMBER RISES TO FOUR IN TEN. STUDENTS DROP OUT FOR MANY REASONS BUT ONE THING THAT MAY HELP KEEP THEM IN SCHOOL IS AN EFFECTIVE AND CARING TEACHER. THE CORPORATION FOR PUBLIC BROADCASTING, ALONG WITH THE BILL AND MELINDA GATES FOUNDATION, BOTH FUNDERS OF THIS PROGRAM, ARE SPONSORING THE AMERICAN GRADUATE INITIATIVE TO HELP IMPROVE NATION'S HIGH SCHOOL GRADUATION RATES. AS PART OF THAT INITIATIVE, LOCAL PUBLIC TELEVISION STATIONS IN 12 METROPOLITAN AREAS ARE CONVENING TEACHER TOWN HALLS AND OTHER EVENTS, AS WELL AS TEXT POLLING EDUCATORS TO LEARN WHAT THEY HAVE TO SAY ABOUT WHAT WORKS AND WHAT DOESN'T WORK WHEN IT COMES TO RETENTION AND DROP- OUTS.

>> I THINK TEACHERS PLAY AN INTEGRAL PART IN THE EDUCATION OF KIDS. BUT I THINK TEACHERS GET A BAD RAP IN THE NEWS.

>> WE NEED SOME SUPPORT, WE NEED A LOT OF RESOURCES. WE KNOW THAT THE RESEARCH SAYS THAT YOU SHOULD TEACH IN SMALL GROUPS BUT IT'S ALMOST IMPOSSIBLE SOMETIMES TO DO THAT. SO WE WANT TO DO WHAT THE RESEARCH SAYS, WE'VE READ AND WE CAN DO IT. WE HAVE THE SKILLS TO DO IT WE JUST NEED SUPPORT.

>> Sreenivasan: THERE WAS UNIVERSAL AGREEMENT IN TOWN HALLS THAT LEARNING TO READ AND EARLY INTERVENTION WERE KEY TO A STUDENT'S EDUCATION SUCCESS.

>> IF YOU TAUGHT CONCENTRATED PHONICS TO EVERYONE IN FIRST GRADE, THEY'RE DYING TO READ. THEY WOULD STAND ON THEIR HEADS. BUT THE PROBLEM IS, THEY DON'T DROP OUT IN HIGH SCHOOL, THEY DROP OUT IN SECOND GRADE AND THEY HANG AROUND FOR EIGHT YEARS.

>> Sreenivasan: THE MOST RECENT TOWN HALL WAS AT THE GRAMMY MUSEUM IN LOS ANGELES, WHICH I MODERATED.

>> I TEACH IN SAN BERNADINO, WHICH IS THE SECOND POOREST CITY IN THE COUNTRY. WE HAVE CHILDREN THAT HAVE NOT EVEN HELD A BOOK BEFORE, I GO INTO HOMES WHERE CHILDREN HAVE NEVER HELD A CRAYON, NOT ONE AND THE EXPECTATION THAT THE APPROPRIATE CHOICE IS TO EVALUATE TEACHERS, LET'S PUT MONEY INTO EVALUATING TEACHERS? LET'S PUT MONEY INTO SUPPORTING OUR POOREST STUDENTS.

>> Sreenivasan: THE ISSUE OF TESTING, TOO EARLY AND TOO OFTEN, WAS A HOT TOPIC IN MANY OF THESE GATHERINGS.

>> THE GOAL IS NOT TO TEACH THEM INQUIRY IN MY CLASSROOM. LEARN THIS FACT, IT'S IN ISOLATION OF EVERYTHING ELSE. DON'T WORRY IF IT'S RELEVANT, JUST LEARN THIS FACT. WE DON'T TEST THEM AS THINKERS, THEY TEST IF THEY CAN MEMORIZE. SO WE NEED TO CRITICALLY THINK ABOUT WHY WE'RE TESTING.

>> Sreenivasan: AFTER THE L.A. TOWN HALL, I SAT DOWN WITH MELINDA GATES, CO-FOUNDER OF THE BILL AND MELINDA GATES FOUNDATION. SINCE 1994, THE PHILANTHROPIC ORGANIZATION HAS SPENT MORE THAN $6 BILLION ON U.S. THAT HAS PLACED THE FOUNDATION AT THE CENTER OF MANY DEBATES IN EDUCATION, INCLUDING OVER SMALLER SCHOOLS, TESTING AND TEACHER EVALUATION. MELINDA GAYS, THANKS SO MUCH FOR JOINING US.

>> THANKS FOR HAVING ME. Suarez: WE JUST HAD THE 10th NATIONAL CONVERSATION AMERICAN GRADUATE FEATURE TOWN HALL. TEACHERS HAVE BEEN SPEAKING AROUND THE COUNTRY IN DIFFERENT FORMS. WHAT ARE YOU HEARING.

>> I'M HEARING THAT THEY ARE WORKING UNDER VERY DIFFICULT CIRCUMSTANCES, THAT WITH THE STATE BUDGETS GOING DOWN, THEY'RE SEEING A LOT OF KIDS WHO ARE AT RISK IN THE SCHOOL SYSTEM. THEIR JOBS ARE GETTING HARDER. WE KNOW THEY'RE WORKING ON AVERAGE ABOUT 10 HOURS AND 40 MINUTES A DAY. YET I'M ALSO HEARING FROM THEM WE WANT OUR KIDS TO SUCCEED. SO THERE HAS TO BE STRUCTURAL CHANGES THAT ALLOW US TO DO OUR JOBS.

>> Suarez: WHAT'S THE FOUNDATION'S CENTRAL PREMISE WHEN YOU'RE TRYING TO MAKE OR ENABLE THESE STRUCTURAL CHANGES TO HAPPEN?

>> WELL, WE KNOW FROM GOOD RESEARCH THAT THE FUNDAMENTAL THING THAT MAKES A DIFFERENCE IN THE CLASSROOM IS AN EFFECTIVE TEACHER. AN EFFECTIVE TEACHER IN FRONT OF A STUDENT, THAT STUDENT WILL MAKE THREE TIMES THE GAINS IN A SCHOOL YEAR THAN ANOTHER STUDENT WILL MAKE. AND SO WHAT THE FOUNDATION FEELS OUR JOB IS TO DO TO MAKE SURE WE CREATE A SYSTEM WHERE WE CAN HAVE AN EFFECTIVE TEACHER IN EVERY SINGLE CLASSROOM ACROSS THE UNITED STATES.

>> Suarez: WE'VE HEARD THIS IDEA THAT IT TAKES A VILLAGE TO RAISE A CHILD. WHAT ABOUT THE PRINCIPALS, WHAT ABOUT THE PARENTS, WHAT ABOUT ALL THE OTHER FACTORS THAT CONTRIBUTE TO WHETHER A KID OR A CHILD DOES WELL OR NOT?

>> THERE ARE A HUGE NUMBER OF FACTORS AS TO WHETHER A CHILD SUCCEEDS IN THAT SCHOOL BUILDING. AT THE END OF THE DAY IT COMES DOWN TO THE TEACHER. THAT DON MEAN JUST THE TEACHER TEACHING THE SUBJECT MATTER. AS YOU HEARD FROM A LOT OF TEACHERS IN THE TOWN HALLS THEY BUILD THE STRONG RELATIONSHIP WITH THE KIDS. IT'S THAT RELATIONSHIP THAT THEY HAVE. WHAT WE'RE HEARING IS THAT THE TEACHERS DON'T HAVE TODAY ARE THE THREE THINGS. ONE IS THEY'RE SAYING WE DON'T KNOW WHAT WE HAVE TO TEACH BY THE END OF THE YEAR. SO THE FOUNDATION HAS BEEN INVOLVED IN TRYING TO CREATE A CORE KRUK LIMBS THAT 48 STATES HAVE SIGNED UP TO SAY WHAT ARE THE CORE SUBJECTS AND THINGS KIDS NEED TO LEARN AT EVERY GRADE LEVEL. NUMBER TWO, THEY NEED GREAT CURRICULUM SUPPORT. SO THEY CAN GRAB DIFFERENT MODULES. THEY ARE FLEXIBLE MODULES THAT HELP THEM TEACH TO THAT CORE CURRICULUM. AND THE THIRD THING THEY NEED IS GREAT PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT. WE DO NOT HAVE AN EVALUATION SYSTEM TODAY IN THE AMERICAN SCHOOL SYSTEM THAT SAYS, HOW DO WE KNOW WE HAVE AN EFFECTIVE TEACHER? AND WHAT PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT NEEDS TO BE IN PLACE TO SUPPORT THOSE TEACHERS SO THEY CAN BECOME THE MOST EFFECTIVE TEACHER WHEN THEY'RE TEACHING?

>> ONE OF THE MEASUREMENTS IN CERTAIN SCHOOL DISTRICTS AROUND THE COUNTRY HAS BEEN TO TIE TEACHER PERFORMANCE OR TEACHER EVALUATIONS TO STUDENT TEST PERFORMANCE. A LOT OF TEACHERS PUSH BACK AND SAY, HEY, THERE'S A LOT OF OTHER REASONS THAT A STUDENT DOES WELL OR DOESN'T DO WELL. WHY SHOULD IT REFLECT SOLELY ON ME?

>> ONE OF THE THINGS THAT THE FOUNDATION IS REALLY TRYING TO GET THE MESSAGE OUT ABOUT IS THAT IT'S NOT JUST THE TEST. THE TEST IS JUST ONE MEASURE OF SAYING, IS THE CHILD LEARNING WHAT THEY NEED TO LEARN AT GRADE LEVEL? THAT NEEDS TO BE ONE COMPONENT OF AN EVALUATION. BUT THERE ARE OTHER COMPONENTS. THE MOST EFFECTIVE EVALUATION SYSTEMS HAVE PURE OBSERVATION... PEER OBSERVATIONS WHERE PEERS COME IN WHO ARE TRAINED TO KNOW WHAT EFFECTIVE TEACHING IS. THEY COME IN AND EVALUATE THE TEACHER. THEN THEY COACH AND GIVE INSTRUCTION ON TEACHING. ANOTHER KEY COMPONENT IS THE PRINCIPAL OBSERVATION. NOT JUST COMING IN WITH FOUR LITTLE CHECK BOXES ONCE A YEAR AND NEVER HAVING THE COACHING CONVERSATION. BUT THE PRINCIPAL COMING IN KNOWING WHAT GREAT TEACHING LOOKS LIKE REALLY BEING ABLE TO EVALUATE THE TEACHER AND SITTING DOWN AND HAVING AN HONEST CONVERSATION WITH THE TEACHER. THESE ARE THE AREAS YOU'RE DOING WELL. THESE ARE THE AREAS YOU NEED TO DO BETTER. ANOTHER PIECE OF THE EVALUATION SYSTEM CAN BE ALSO STUDENT FEEDBACK. IT TURNS OUT STUDENTS DO KNOW WHETHER THEY HAVE A GOOD TEACHER IN FRONT OF THE CLASSROOM OR NOT. THEIR FEEDBACK IS ALSO INDICATIVE OF WHETHER THEY'RE GOING TO LEARN THE MATERIAL BY THE END OF THE YEAR.

>> Suarez: A LOT OF THE FRUSTRATED TEACHERS SAY AT THIS POINT I'M TEACH TO GO THE TEST. ARE WE AN OVERTESTSED SOCIETY.

>> YOU HAVE TO GO STATE BY STATE. I THINK ONE THING THAT HAS HAPPENED IS THAT THERE'S MAYBE SO MUCH TESTING TODAY WITHOUT SAYING ARE WE TESTING AGAINST THE CORE IMPORTANT THINGS? AND SO ONE OF THE THINGS THAT WE'VE LEARNED, FOR INSTANCE, THAT IS REALLY IMPORTANT IS THAT KIDS NEED TO LEARN, FOR INSTANCE, HOW TO READ A NONFICTION PASSAGE AND REALLY TAKE THAT APART AND BE ABLE TO KNOW WHAT THE CRITICAL PIECES ARE. MOST STATE TESTS DON'T EVEN TEST AGAINST THAT. ONE OF THE THINGS WE'VE DONE WITH THIS COMMON CORE CURRICULUM IS TO SAY WHAT IS IT KIDS REALLY NEED TO KNOW AND THEN THE 48 STATES SIGNED UP FOR THIS CORE CURRICULUM. NOW WE CAN LOTS OF SERVICE PROVIDERS COME IN AND CREATE CURRICULUM AROUND THINGS THAT ACTUALLY MATTER, NOT SOME THING THAT IS ON THE MARGIN THAT YOU DON'T NEED TO TEST AGAINST THAT DOESN'T REALLY MATTER.

>> Suarez: A FEW YEARS AGO THE FOUNDATION WAS VERY FOCUSED ON SMALLER SCHOOLS. NOW YOU'RE VERY FOCUSED ON IT SEEMS TO BE TEACHER EVALUATION. WHY THE SWITCH?

>> WELL, IT'S NOT REALLY A SWITCH. IT'S HONESTLY AN EVOLUTION. SO WHERE WE STARTED IN SMALL SCHOOLS, WHICH WERE THESE SMALL LEARNING ENVIRONMENTS, YES, THOSE DO MAKE A DIFFERENCE. BUT WHAT WE LEARNED FROM THAT WAS THE FUNDAMENTAL THING THAT MADE THE DIFFERENCE WAS THE TEACHER. THAT RELATIONSHIP WITH THE TEACHER AT THE END OF THE DAY AND THAT TEACHER'S TEACHING. SO SAYING, OKAY, AN EFFECTIVE TEACHER MAKES A DIFFERENCE. WE THEN SAID HOW DO YOU KNOW WHEN YOU HAVE ONE? WHERE'S THE RESEARCH THAT SHOWS WHAT AN EFFECTIVE TEACHER IS? WE FEEL LIKE WE KNOW INTUITIVELY IF WE HAD A GREAT TEACHER. THERE WAS NO RESEARCH AROUND THAT. WE ACTUALLY WENT OUT AND DID THE RESEARCH. 3,000 TEACHERS IN SIX DIFFERENT SCHOOL DISTRICTS TO PROVE OUT WHAT DOES EFFECTIVE TEACHING LOOK LIKE? NOW WE'RE INVOLVED IN SAYING HOW DO YOU GET A WHOLE SYSTEM THAT HAS AN EVALUATION SYSTEM THAT HELPS DEVELOP TEACHERS INTO THESE SUPER EFFECTIVE TEACHERS.

>> Suarez: HOW DO YOU VIEW YOUR RESPONSIBILITY, JUST BY THE FACT THAT THE AMOUNT OF MONEY THAT YOU'RE CONTRIBUTING TO THIS CONVERSATION, DO YOU FEEL LIKE YOU HAVE A DISPROPORTIONATE VOICE?

>> SOMETIMES PEOPLE LOOK AT SOMETHING LIKE THIS, A FOUNDATION OR OUR FOUNDATION AND SAY, MY GOSH, THEY HAVE HUGE RESOURCES. AND THE TRUTH IS WHEN YOU LOOK AT THE SCALE OF THE PROBLEMS WE'RE GOING AGAINST, THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA SPENDS SLIGHTLY UNDER $30 BILLION A YEAR EDUCATING THEIR KIDS. SO OUR ENTIRE FOUNDATION IS $30 BILLION. SO WE COULD SPEND... SPEND OUR MONEY ALL IN ONE YEAR JUST IN THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA. BUT WE DON'T DO THAT. WHAT A FOUNDATION HAS TO BE IS TO BE A CAT LIS... CATALYTIC WEDGE. IT CAN SHOW WHAT WORKS, WHAT DOESN'T WORK AND MEASURE THEM AND TAKE THE PROBLEMS APART. IT'S ULTIMATELY FOR GOVERNMENTS.

>> Suarez: WHAT IS WORKING AND WHAT CAN SCALE UP?

>> I THINK TWO THINGS ARE WORKING. IF YOU LOOK BACK A DECADE AGO WHEN WE STARTED INTO THIS WORK, THERE WASN'T EVEN A CONVERSATION ACROSS THE NATION ABOUT THE FACT THAT OUR SCHOOLS WERE BROKEN. FUNDAMENTALLY BROKEN. I THINK THAT DIALOGUE HAS CHANGED. I THINK THE AMERICAN PUBLIC HAS WOKEN UP TO THE FACT NOW THAT SCHOOLS ARE BROKEN. WE'RE NOT SERVING OUR KIDS WELL. THEY'RE NOT BEING EDUCATED FOR TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY. WE'RE BEING OUTCOMPETED BY OTHER NATIONS. SO I THINK THAT HAS GONE WELL. BUT THE OTHER THING I THINK IS GOING REALLY WELL IS PEOPLE ARE STARTING TO SAY, WE REALLY DO NEED AN EFFECTIVE TEACHER. WE HAVE DISTRICTS ACROSS THE COUNTRY, MEMPHIS, DENVER, PITTSBURGH, TAMPA, L.A., WHERE THEY ARE SAYING, OKAY, WE'RE REALLY GOING TO GO FOR TEACHER EVALUATION. WE'RE GOING TO FIGURE OUT HOW TO MAKE EFFECTIVE TEACHING HAPPEN. WE'RE GOING TO INVEST IN THAT. WE'RE GOING TO KEEP DOING IT UNTIL WE GET IT RIGHT. WE'RE GOING TO DEVELOP OUR TEACHERS. I THINK WE ARE JUST ON THE VERGE OF THAT HAPPENING. I THINK THERE WILL BE SOME PAIN POINTS ALONG THE WAY. I DON'T THINK THIS WORK IS EASY. BUT I THINK WE'RE STARTING TO SEE THAT CHANGE. IT'S GOING TO TAKE A FEW MORE YEARS TO REALLY SEE, OKAY, THAT'S THE PATH. THEN LOTS OF DISTRICTS ARE DOING IT. I THINK WE'RE ON THE CUSS-OF THAT.

>> Suarez: MELINDA GATES, THANKS SO MUCH FOR YOUR TIME.

>> THANKS,

>> Brown: WE GET A DIFFERENT PERSPECTIVE TOMORROW FROM DIANE RAVITCH, A FORMER ASSISTANT SECRETARY OF EDUCATION IN THE GEORGE H.W. BUSH ADMINISTRATION. "AMERICAN GRADUATE" IS A PUBLIC MEDIA INITIATIVE FUNDED BY THE CORPORATION FOR PUBLIC BROADCASTING.

>> Ifill: WE'LL BE BACK SHORTLY WITH BRITAIN'S GALA, CELEBRATING QUEEN ELIZABETH'S 60 YEARS ON THE THRONE. BUT FIRST: THIS IS PLEDGE WEEK ON PBS. THIS BREAK ALLOWS YOUR PUBLIC TELEVISION STATION TO ASK FOR YOUR SUPPORT.

>> Ifill: FINALLY TONIGHT, BRITAIN'S FOUR-DAY ANNIVERSARY PARTY FOR QUEEN ELIZABETH. SHE'S ONLY THE SECOND MONARCH TO MARK 60 YEARS ON THE THRONE. THE LAST WAS HER GREAT-GREAT GRANDMOTHER VICTORIA, WHO REACHED THE MILESTONE IN 1897. THE JUBILEE CELEBRATIONS BEGAN ON SATURDAY WITH THE QUEEN'S VISIT TO THE EPSOM RACE TRACK IN SOUTH LONDON TO PRESENT THE WINNER'S TROPHY. AND THE PAGEANTRY CONTINUED SUNDAY DESPITE COLD AND BLUSTERY CONDITIONS. WE HAVE TWO REPORTS FROM LONDON BEGINNING WITH YESTERDAY'S EVENTS. THAT STORY COMES FROM TIM EWART OF INDEPENDENT TELEVISION NEWS. Reporter: LONDON HAD SEEN NOTHING LIKE IT SINCE THE LAVISH RIVER PROCESSIONS OF THE 17th AND 18th CENTURIES. THEY CARRIED THE QUEEN DOWN THE THAMES ON A TIDE OF DEVOTION. 60 YEARS ON THE THRONE, A MONARCH IN AN AGE WHERE PRIVILEGE AND AUTHORITY HAVE INCREASINGLY BEEN QUESTIONED BUT WHOSE POPULARITY IT SEEMS HAS NEVER BEEN GREATER.

>> IT'S BEEN A FANTASTIC DAY. WE'VE HAD A GREAT DAY. WE HAD THE RAIN, EXPECTED THE RAIN. WE SAW THE QUEEN. WE LAUGHED, WE DOFFD. WE WAVED OUR FLAGS. IT'S WHAT WE WANTED.

>> Reporter: SHARING THIS JOURNEY THE NEW GENERATION OF ROYALS, THE DUKE AND DUCHESS OF CAMBRIDGE WHO HAVE REIGNITED A GLOBAL FASCINATION WITH THE HOUSE OF WINDSOR. LEADING THE WAY, THE FLOATING BELFRY, A BARGE CARRYING NEWLY FOUNDED BELLS. NEXT, THE ROW BARGE GLORIANA BUILT FOR THE OCCASION, POWERED BY 18 OARSMEN AND WOMEN. 260 OTHER MAN-POWERD BOATS FOLLOWED IN ITS WAKE. THERE, TOO, THE LITTLE SHIPS OF DUNKIRK, PERHAPS THE PROUDEST MEMBERS OF THIS GREAT FLOTILLA. AND NONE ON BOARD PROUDER THAN THIS DUNKIRK VETERAN.

>> I NEVER EXPECTED IN MY LIFETIME TO BE HERE, NOT IN HISTORY. IT'S GREAT.

>> Reporter: THE QUEEN WAS ON BOARD THE SPIRIT OF CHARTWELL, A RIVER CRUISER MAGNIFICENTLY CONVERTED FOR THE OCCASION. THIS IS THE ULTIMATE SYMBOL OF THE SENTIMENTS THIS JUBILEE HAS STIRRED IN BRITAIN. IN ONE OPINION POLL TODAY, 55% SAID THEY THOUGHT THE MONARCHY WOULD LAST FOREVER. IF THAT SOUNDS EXCESSIVE, IT'S NOT HARD TO UNDERSTAND IN AN ATMOSPHERE LIKE THIS. THEY OPENED TOWER BRIDGE TO ALLOW THE MONARCH TO PASS. IT WAS BY NOW TERRIBLE WEATHER. BUT THE RAIN COULD NOT SPOIL THE QUEEN'S EXTRAORDINARY PARADE. ♪ THE LONDON PHILHARMONIC ORCHESTRA PLAYED THE HORN PIPE. AND THERE WAS THE FAINTEST SUGGESTION OF BOBBING UP AND DOWN FROM THE DIAMOND JUBILEE QUEEN.

>> Brown: TODAY, THERE WAS A DIFFERENT KIND OF CLOUD OVER THE FESTIVITIES, AS QUEEN ELIZABETH'S HUSBAND, PRINCE PHILLIP, FELL ILL. ANDY DAVIES OF "INDEPENDENT TELEVISION NEWS" HAS THE STORY.

>> Reporter: AS A FORMER ADMIRAL OF THE FLEET AND A MIDSHIPMAN WHO SAW ACTIVE SERVICE DURING THE SECOND WORLD WITH A THE DUKE OF EDINBORO WAS CLEARLY IN HIS ELEMENT YESTERDAY ABOARD THE ROYAL BARGE. BUT FOR A MAN WHO IS NEARLY 91 YEARS OLD, IT WAS A LONG DAY. FOR AT LEAST THREE HOURS YESTERDAY AFTERNOON, HE WATCHED THE PAGEANT BEFORE HIM STANDING FOR MUCH OF IT AS THE RAIN DRIPPED FROM THE CANOPY ABOVE HIM. THE DUKE WAS TAKEN THIS AFTERNOON FROM WINDSOR CASTLE TO THIS CENTRAL LONDON HOSPITAL. HE DEVELOPED A BLADDER INFECTION, SAID A SPOKESMAN FROM BUCKINGHAM PALACE. JUST A PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE FOR OBSERVATION BUT IT LEAVE THE QUEEN WITHOUT HIM BY HER SIDE DURING TOMORROW'S CARRIAGE PROCESSION, BALCONIY APPEARANCE ANSWER VIS OF THANKSGIVING AT ST. PAUL'S. THE DIAMOND JUBILEE'S GRAND FINALE. IT'S CAST SOMETHING OF A SHADOW OVER TONIGHT'S POP CONCERT AT BUCKINGHAM PALACE WHERE THOUSANDS GATHERED TO TRY TO CATCH A GLIMPSE OF THE HEADLINE ACTS.

>> IT WOULD BE NICE TO SEE HIM OBVIOUSLY. WITH THINGS THE WAY THEY ARE, EVERYONE IS HAVING A GREAT TIME HERE TODAY. WE'RE REALLY LOOKING FORWARD TO IT.

>> IT'S SAD, YES. JUST HEARD THE NEWS NOW. HOPEFULLY IT'S NOT TOO SERIOUS.

>> A SHAME SHE CAN'T HAVE HIM BY HER SIDE. THEY'RE SUCH AN AMAZING COUPLE.

>> Reporter: POP CONCERTS AT THE PALACE, THE JUBILEE'S... THOSE 10,000 WHO WON TICKETS TO WATCH THE CONCERT PICNIC ALONGSIDE PRINCESS BEATRICE IN BUCKINGHAM PALACE. WHILE ON THE OTHER SIDE OF THE WORLD IN AUSTRALIA, THE FIRST OF 4,000 BEACONS WERE LIT IN HONOR OF THE QUEEN'S 60-YEAR REIGN. 60 YEARS IN WHICH SHE IS RARELY SEEN ON THESE OCCASIONS WITHOUT PRINCE PHILIP BY HER SIDE.

>> Ifill: THE FLAG-WAVING FANS GATHERED ON THE PALACE GROUNDS, HEARD MUSIC ROYALTY PERFORMING THIS EVENING ON STAGE WHERE SIR PAUL McCARTNEY, SIR ELTON JOHN, SIR TOM JONES AND STEVIE WONDER AMONG OTHERS. THE CELEBRATIONS END TOMORROW WITH A SERVICE AT ST. PAUL'S CATHEDRAL, A CARRIAGE PROCESSION AND A FAREWELL WAVE FROM THE ROYAL FAMILY. THE QUEEN HAS MET ALL THE U.S. PRESIDENTS FROM TRUMAN TO OBAMA, SAVE ONE. FIND OUT WHO IS MISSING IN A SPECIAL DIAMOND JUBILEE SLIDE SHOW ON OUR WEBSITE.

>> Brown: AGAIN, THE MAJOR DEVELOPMENTS OF THE DAY: DEMONSTRATORS PROTESTED IN CAIRO'S TAHRIR SQUARE, THREE DAYS AFTER FORMER EGYPTIAN PRESIDENT MUBARAK WAS SENTENCED TO LIFE IN PRISON REBELS FIGHTING THE REGIME OF SYRIAN PRESIDENT BASHAR ASSAD BANDED TOGETHER IN A NEW COALITION. AND, VOTERS IN WISCONSIN PREPARED TO GO TO THE POLLS TOMORROW IN AN EFFORT TO RECALL REPUBLICAN GOVERNOR SCOTT WALKER. ONLINE, WE'RE WATCHING WISCONSIN. KWAME HOLMAN EXPLAINS

>> Holman: JEFF JOINED GWEN AND POLITICAL EDITOR CHRISTINA BELLANTONI TO TALK ABOUT THE ENERGY AND THE MONEY FLOWING INTO THE STATE. TODAY'S POLITICAL CHECKLIST IS ON OUR "POLITICS" PAGE. PLUS, THE STORY OF A DIARY AND LETTERS PENNED BY A NORTH VIETNAMESE AND AN AMERICAN SOLDIER, BOTH KILLED IN THE WAR. DEFENSE SECRETARY LEON PANETTA AND HIS COUNTERPART IN HANOI EXCHANGED THE VERY PERSONAL DOCUMENTS TODAY. FIND PHOTOS AND THE STORY BEHIND THE HAND-OVERS, FACILITATED IN PART BY THE PBS PROGRAM, HISTORY DETECTIVES, ON OUR HOME PAGE. ALL THAT AND MORE IS ON OUR WEB SITE: newshour.pbs.org. JEFF?

>> Brown: AND THAT'S THE "NEWSHOUR" FOR TONIGHT. ON TUESDAY, WE'LL TALK WITH FORMER PRESIDENT BILL CLINTON ABOUT HIS GLOBAL INITIATIVE AND THE 2012 CAMPAIGN. I'M JEFFREY BROWN.

>> Ifill: AND I'M GWEN IFILL. WE'LL SEE YOU ONLINE AND AGAIN HERE TOMORROW EVENING. THANK YOU AND GOOD NIGHT. MAJOR FUNDING FOR THE PBS NEWSHOUR HAS BEEN PROVIDED BY: AND WITH THE ONGOING SUPPORT OF THESE INSTITUTIONS AND FOUNDATIONS. AND... THIS PROGRAM WAS MADE POSSIBLE BY THE CORPORATION FOR PUBLIC BROADCASTING. AND BY CONTRIBUTIONS TO YOUR PBS STATION FROM VIEWERS LIKE YOU. THANK YOU. Captioning sponsored by MacNEIL/LEHRER PRODUCTIONS Captioned by Media Access Group at WGBH access.wgbh.org