PBS NewsHour; June 30, 2015 3:00pm-4:00pm PDT

Captioning sponsored by NEWSHOUR PRODUCTIONS, LLC

>> Woodruff: BOOSTING OVERTIME, NEW RULES COULD INCREASE PAY FOR UP TO FIVE MILLION U.S. WORKERS. GOOD EVENING, I'M JUDY WOODRUFF. GWEN IFILL IS AWAY. ALSO AHEAD THIS TUESDAY: UNABLE TO PAY ITS DEBTS, GREECE EDGES TOWARDS FINANCIAL RUIN.

>> I'M TERRIFIED, I'M ACTUALLY TERRIFIED. WE ARE A EUROPEAN COUNTRY AND ITS HEADING TOWARDS THE FOURTH WORLD.

>> Woodruff: PLUS...

>> ♪ TODAY, TODAY, TODAY

>> Woodruff: JAMES TAYLOR REFLECTS ON A LIFE OF MUSIC AS HE "COURTS THE MUSE" TO WRITE AND PERFORM NEW SONGS.

>> LIFE AT THIS POINT, FOR ME IS PRETTY REALIZED. IT'S PRETTY, SORT OF, THE BLANKS ARE FILLED IN. WHAT I SEEM TO FEEL MORE AND MORE, AS TIME GOES BY, IS GRATEFUL.

>> Woodruff: THOSE ARE SOME OF THE STORIES WE'RE COVERING ON TONIGHT'S PBS NEWSHOUR.

>> MAJOR FUNDING FOR THE PBS NEWSHOUR HAS BEEN PROVIDED BY:

>> AND WITH THE ONGOING SUPPORT OF THESE INSTITUTIONS AND...

>> THIS PROGRAM WAS MADE POSSIBLE BY THE CORPORATION FOR PUBLIC BROADCASTING. AND BY CONTRIBUTIONS TO YOUR PBS STATION FROM VIEWERS LIKE YOU. THANK YOU.

>> Wooduff: THE NATION OF GREECE RAN OUT OF BAILOUT MONEY TODAY AND DEFAULTED ON A MAJOR DEBT REPAYMENT. THE ATHENS GOVERNMENT SUBMITTED A LAST-MINUTE PROPOSAL TO KEEP THE BAILOUT ALIVE, BUT IT MADE LITTLE HEADWAY. DESPITE THE UNCERTAINTY, U.S. MARKETS AVOIDED NEW LOSSES. THE DOW JONES INDUSTRIAL AVERAGE GAINED JUST OVER 20 POINTS TO CLOSE BACK ABOVE 17,600. THE NASDAQ ROSE 28 POINTS, AND THE S&P 500 ADDED FIVE. WE'LL HAVE AN UPDATE FROM GREECE, LATER IN THE PROGRAM. THE U.S. SUPREME COURT IS GOING TO DECIDE WHETHER GOVERNMENT EMPLOYEE UNIONS MAY FORCE NON- MEMBERS TO PAY FEES. THE COURT TODAY ACCEPTED THE CASE OF 10 CALIFORNIA TEACHERS. THEY SAY HAVING TO PAY UNION DUES, WHEN THEY'RE NOT IN THE UNION, VIOLATES THEIR FIRST AMENDMENT RIGHTS. PUBLIC EMPLOYEES IN HALF THE STATES CONTRIBUTE TO SO-CALLED "FAIR SHARE" FEES TO SUPPORT COLLECTIVE BARGAINING. NEW JERSEY GOVERNOR CHRIS CHRISTIE OPENED HIS REPUBLICAN PRESIDENTIAL BID TODAY DECLARING HE'S "OUT TO CHANGE THE WORLD." CHRISTIE FORMALLY LAUNCHED HIS CAMPAIGN IN LIVINGSTON, JERSEY, WHERE HE GREW UP. HE SAID THE COUNTRY IS TIRED OF "HANDWRINGING" IN THE WHITE HOUSE.

>> IT'S LED US TO WEAK LEADERSHIP IN WORLD WHERE OUR FRIENDS CAN NO LONGER TRUST US AND OUR ADVERSARIES NO LONGER FEAR US. THIS WEAKNESS AND INDECISIVENESS IN THE OVAL OFFICE HAS SENT WAVE OF ANXIETY THROUGH OUR COUNTRY, BUT I'M HERE TODAY TO TELL YOU THAT OUR ANXIETY CAN BE SWEPT AWAY BY STRONG LEADERSHIP AND DECISIVENESS TO LEAD AMERICA AGAIN.

>> Wooduff: CHRISTIE HAS TWICE BEEN ELECTED GOVERNOR IN HEAVILY DEMOCRATIC NEW JERSEY BUT HE WAS HURT BY THE "BRIDGE- GATE" SCANDAL. THREE FORMER AIDES WERE ACCUSED OF DELIBERATELY CREATING TRAFFIC JAMS TO DO POLITICAL HARM TO A DEMOCRATIC MAYOR. ANOTHER REPUBLICAN HOPEFUL, JEB BUSH, RELEASED HIS TAX RETURNS TODAY GOING BACK TO 1981678 THEY SHOW HE'S MADE $29 MILLION SINCE 2007, WHEN HE FINISHED TWO TERMS AS GOVERNOR OF FLORIDA. IT WAS LARGELY FROM CONSULTING AND SPEAKING. OVER THE LAST 30-PLUS YEARS, BUSH PAID AN AVERAGE TAX RATE OF 36%. IN INDONESIA, MORE THAN 70 PEOPLE DIED TODAY WHEN AN AIR FORCE TRANSPORT PLANE CRASHED IN A RESIDENTIAL AREA. THE C-130 AIRCRAFT WENT DOWN IN MEDAN, THE COUNTRY'S THIRD LARGEST CITY, JUST AFTER TAKE- OFF. THE PLANE SLAMMED INTO TWO HOUSES AND A HOTEL, LEAVING RESCUE CREWS TO COMB THE WRECKAGE FOR SURVIVORS. MORE THAN 100, MOSTLY TROOPS AND THEIR FAMILIES, WERE BELIEVED TO BE ON BOARD. THERE'S WORD THAT ISLAMIC STATE MILITANTS IN SYRIA HAVE BEHEADED WOMEN FOR THE FIRST TIME. SYRIAN ACTIVISTS REPORT TWO WOMEN WERE EXECUTED IN THE PAST WEEK IN THE EASTERN PROVINCE OF DEIR EL-ZOUR. THEY WERE ACCUSED OF PRACTICING SORCERY. IN THE LAST YEAR, THE ISLAMIC STATE HAS BEHEADED DOZENS OF MEN IN SYRIA, FOR VIOLATING ITS EXTREME INTERPRETATION OF ISLAMIC LAW. BRAZIL ANNOUNCED A NEW EFFORT TODAY TO STOP DEFORESTATION, AND RE-PLANT AN AREA THE SIZE OF PENNSYLVANIA. PRESIDENT DILMA ROUSSEFF MET WITH PRESIDENT OBAMA IN THE OVAL OFFICE, AND LATER, LAID OUT HER PLAN.

>> ( translated ): IN BRAZIL WE HAVE THE COMMITMENT TO COME TO A ZERO DEFORESTATION OR A ZERO ILLEGAL DEFORESTATION RATE BETWEEN NOW AND 2030 AND WE ALSO WISH TO TURN THE PAGE AND ENGAGE IN A CLEAR CUT REFORESTATION ORIENTED POLICY.

>> Wooduff: THE MAJORITY OF BRAZIL'S GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS COME FROM DESTRUCTION IN THE AMAZON RAIN FOREST. MANY ENVIRONMENTALISTS WANT THAT DESTRUCTION STOPPED ENTIRELY. AND THE U.S. AND CUBA ARE SET TO OPEN EMBASSIES IN WASHINGTON AND HAVANA. IT IS THE LATEST STEP IN REESTABLISHING DIPLOMATIC TIES. THE ANNOUNCEMENT IS SET FOR TOMORROW. STILL TO COME ON THE NEWSHOUR: WHAT NEW OVERTIME RULES COULD MEAN FOR WORKERS AND EMPLOYERS IN THE U.S. GREECE EDGES TOWARDS DEFAULT AFTER FAILING TO PAY BACK DEBT. A DEADLINE FOR A NUCLEAR DEAL WITH IRAN IS EXTENDED. WHY ANGOLA IS THE DEADLIEST PLACE IN THE WORLD FOR CHILDREN. NEW GUIDELINES FOR TREATING STROKES THAT ARE CAUGHT EARLY. JAMES TAYLOR ON HIS LATEST ALBUM. AND, AN ARGUMENT ON WHY MOM AND DAD MIGHT BE YOUTH SPORTS BIGGEST PROBLEM.

>> Woodruff: THE PRESIDENT CALLED FOR MAJOR CHANGES TODAY THAT COULD SUBSTANTIALLY EXPAND THE NUMBER OF PEOPLE EARNING OVERTIME. UNDER CURRENT LABOR LAW, WORKERS ARE SUPPOSED TO EARN OVERTIME TIME AND A HALF, IF THEY PUT IN MORE THAN 40 HOURS A WEEK. BUT THOSE WHO EARN MORE THAN $455 A WEEK, OR ABOUT $23,000 A YEAR, AND ARE CLASSIFIED AS "EXECUTIVES" ARE EXEMPT. THAT USUALLY INCLUDES MANY MANAGERS. PRESIDENT OBAMA WOULD LIKE TO LIFT THAT SALARY CAP HIGHER IN 2016, SO THAT ALL WORKERS EARNING UP TO $50,000 A YEAR WOULD EARN OVERTIME. MANY BUSINESSES ARE OPPOSED AND HAVE SAID IT WOULD BACKFIRE. WE RECENTLY SAT DOWN WITH DAVID FRENCH, A SENIOR VICE PRESIDENT AT THE NATIONAL RETAIL FEDERATION. EVEN BEFORE ALL OF THE DETAILS WERE RELEASED, HE SAID IT WOULD NOT HELP EMPLOYEES.

>> OUR ANALYSIS SAYS THAT INSTEAD OF PROVIDING OVERTIME FOR MILLIONS MORE WORKERS, EMPLOYERS WILL MAKE RATIONAL CHOICES AND THEY'RE GOING TO SPREAD THE SAME AMOUNT OF MONEY ACROSS A SLIGHTLY LARGER POOL OF HOURLY AND PART-TIME WORKERS. EVERY EMPLOYER WILL HAVE TO LOOK AT THEIR JOBS AND DECIDE WHETHER OR NOT THE JOB FUNCTIONS THEY HAVE MATCH UP WITH THE OBLIGATION TO PAY OVERTIME, AND THEY'RE PROBABLY GOING TO REDESIGN A LOT OF JOBS. >>>> Woodruff: WE LOOK AT THESE PROPOSED CHANGES AND THE CONTROVERSY SURROUNDING THEM WITH SECRETARY OF LABOR THOMAS PEREZ. HE JOINS ME TONIGHT FROM CHARLOTTE, NORTH CAROLINA. SECRETARY PEREZ, THANK YOU FOR BEING WITH US. WHY IS IT THE RESPONSIBILITY OF THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT TO TELL PRIVATE EMPLOYERS WHAT TO DO ON OVERTIME?

>> WELL THIS WAS PART OF THE FAIR LABOR STANDARDS ACT IN 1937, A PIECE OF LEGISLATION THAT F.D.R. CALLED ONE OF THE MOST IMPORTANT PIECES OF LEGISLATION OTHER THAN SOCIAL SECURITY TO PROTECT WORKERS. AND UNDER THE STANDARDS ACT IF YOU WORK EXTRACK YOU SHOULD BE PAID EXTRA. IN 1975 IF YOU TOOK THE AMOUNT OF MONEY THAT A SO-CALLED EXEMPT EMPLOYEE WOULD MAKE AND SIMPLY INDEXED IT TO INFLATION TODAY THEY SHOULD BE MAKING OVER $1,000. A HAPPENED IS THAT MANAGERS WHEN I WAS A KID USED TO BE MIDDLE-CLASS JOBS. THEY WOULD BE PAID DECENTLY. THEY WOULD BE PAIRED FAIRLY. THEY WORKED OVER 40 HOURS, BUT THEY WERE COMPENSATED. WHAT HAPPENED IS IN 2004 THE BUSH ADMINISTRATION PUT IN PLACE A REGULATION THAT CHANGED THE CALCULATION. IT WAS A REGULATION DESIGNED TO HELP EMPLOYERS AND HURT WORKERS. AND IT HURT WORKERS BY MAKING FAR MORE WORKERS WHO SHOULD BE ELIGIBLE FOR OVERTIME NOT ELIGIBLE FOR OVERTIME. AND SO YOU HAVE SITUATIONS WHERE PEOPLE WORK 60, 70 HOURS A WEEK AND MAKING $25,000. THAT'S A POVERTY WAGE WHEN YOU'RE TALKING ABOUT ALL THOSE HOURS SOME THE PRESIDENT SAID WE NEED TO FIX THIS. WE NEED TO MAKE IT FAIRER FOR EVERYBODY.

>> Woodruff: HOW DID THE ADMINISTRATION PICK THE NUMBER? I GATHER THE CEILING IS UP FROM THE 20s TO 50,000 A YEAR. WHY PICK THAT NUMBER?

>> WE LOOKED AT THE 40% PERCENTILE OF SALARIED WORKERS WHEN YOU LOOK AT THE RESEARCH AT THE 40th PERCENTILE NEW YORK OUR JUDGMENT THAT WAS A GOOD DEMARCATION LINE. PEOPLE WHO ARE ABOVE THAT 40th PERCENTILE OR ABOUT $50,000, THEY ARE PERFORMING FUNCTIONS THAT WERE INTENDED BY THE FAIR LABOR STANDARDS ACT TO ENABLE THEM TO BE EXEMPT EMPLOYEES. PEOPLE BELOW THAT SHOULD BE OVERTIME ELIGIBLE. AND SO WE'RE FIXING THE IMBALANCE THAT WAS CREATED FROM THE 2004 REGULATION. AND BY DOING THAT WE'RE, AGAIN, WE'RE TAKING THESE FOLKS WHO ARE WORKING 60, 70 HOURS A WEEK AND MAKING $35000 AT THE MOST AND SAYING THAT'S NOT FAIR. YOU SHOULD BE COMPENSATED FAIRLY, BECAUSE THEY'RE EFFECTIVELY WORKING TEN, 20 HOURS FOR FREE.

>> EXCUSE ME. SO WHICH WORKERS MAINLY GOING TO BENEFIT BY THIS ASSUMING IT TAKES PLACE?

>> THESE ARE MANAGERS. THESE ARE THE FOLKS WHO OPEN THE STORE. THEY CLOSE THE STORE. THEY HIRE WORKERS. THEY MENTOR WORKERS. THEY SWEEP THE FLOORS SOME DAYS WHEN THAT'S NECESSARY. THEY ARE THE MOST VALUABLE EMPLOYEES IN THE WORKPLACE IN MANY CASES. AND WHAT'S HAPPENING RIGHT NOW IS THEY'RE WORKING 60 HOURS. THEY'RE NOT ABLE TO HAVE DINNER WITH THEIR FAMILY. THEY'RE MISSING OUT ON THE P.T.A. MEETINGS. THEY'RE MISSING OUT ON THE BALLGAMES FOR THEIR KIDS, AND THEY'RE DOING SO WHILE THEY CAN BARELY MAKE ENDS MEET. AND THAT'S NOT FAIR. THIS IS WHAT IT MEANS TO BE MIDDLE CLASS IN AMERICA. MANAGERS USED TO BE MIDDLE-CLASS JOBS. THE PRESIDENT SAID HE WANTS THEM TO BE MIDDLE CLASS AGAIN.

>> YOU'RE SAYING THIS IS MAINLY RETAIL WORKERS. I WANT TO ASK YOU ABOUT SOME OF THE PUSHBACK COMING FROM BUSINESSES. THIS ARGUMENT THAT THIS WILL LEAD MANY EMPLOYERS TO SIMPLY CUT HOURS TO START HIRING MORE PART-TIME WORKERS TO GET AROUND THIS.

>> WELL THAT'S NOT BEEN OUR EXPERIENCE AND THAT'S NOT WHAT THE RESEARCH DEMONSTRATES. YOU KNOW, WE TALKED TO MANY, MANY PEOPLE DURING THE COURSE OF OUR OUTREACH ON THIS, AND, YOU KNOW, ONE PERSON I SPOKE TO JUST THIS MORNING WAS THE C.E.O. OF H.E.B. GROCERY STORE A $12 BILLION, 80,000 EMPLOYEE COMPANY BASED IN TEXAS. THEIR C.E.O. UNDERSTANDS THEIR MOST PRECIOUS RESOURCE IS THEIR WORKER. THERE THEY ARE, 80,000 EMPLOYEES STRONG. WHAT HE SAID TO ME IS THIS IS THE RIGHT THING TO DO AND IT'S A SMART THING TO DO. IF THESE FIRST-LINE SUPERVISORS ARE SOME OF OUR MOST VALUABLE EMPLOYEES. OF COURSE WE SHOULD BE PAYING THEM $50,000. COMPLIANCE FOR US WILL BE VERY EASILY OBTAINED. THIS IS A LARGE RETAILER. YOU KNOW, 80,000 EMPLOYEES STRONG. I TALKED TO RETAILER AFTER RETAILER. THEY UNDERSTAND WHEN YOU INVEST IN YOUR WORKERS, WHEN YOU TREAT THEM FAIRLY, YOU CREATE A VIRTUAL CYCLE AN YOU DO WELL FOR YOUR WORKER AND YOUR BUSINESS.

>> JUST QUICKLY, QUOTING FROM THAT RETAIL FEDERATION EXECUTIVE WE HEARD FROM A MOMENT AGO HE SAID THIS IS GOING TO SPREAD THE SAME AMOUNT OF MONEY OVER A LARGER POOL OF HOURLY AND PART-TIME WORKERS, ANDHE SAID EMPLOYERS ARE GOING TO BE REDESIGNING JOBS.

>> I DON'T BELIEVE THAT. ACTUALLY, THEIR OWN REPORT BELIES THAT WHEN YOU READ THE ENTIRETY OF THAT REPORT. WHAT WE'LL SEE AND WE TALKED TO A LOT OF RETAILERS WHO SAID, WELL, WE'RE PAYING OUR EMPLOYEE ROUGHLY 45,000 DOLLARS. WE HEARD THAT A LOT FROM RETAILERS. SO WHAT THIS MEANS IS YOUR MOST VALUABLE EMPLOYEE OR SOME OF YOUR MOST VALUABLE EMPLOYEES, WHAT YOU WOULD HAVE TO DO HERE IS YOU RAISE THEIR SALARY TO $50,000 AND WHAT YOU GET FOR THAT IS YOU CONTINUE TO HAVE THIS LOYAL EMPLOYEE AND YOU BUY THE CERTAINTY OF KNOWING THAT THEY ARE AN EXEMPT EMPLOYEE. RIGHT NOW THERE'S BEEN A LOT OF LITIGATION IN THE AFTERMATH OF THE BUSH RULE BECAUSE THERE ARE WAY TOO MANY PEOPLE WHO ARE BEING CALLED EXEMPT EMPLOYEES WHO ARE NOT EXEMPT EMPLOYEES SOME PART OF WHAT WE'RE DOING HERE IS MAKING THE RULE SIMPLER BECAUSE THERE ARE WAY TOO MANY PEOPLE WHO ARE BEING MISCLASSIFIED AT THE MOMENT. SO THAT WILL MAKE IT... THAT WILL BE HELPFUL FOR EVERYBODY.

>> LET ME JUST FINALLY ASK YOU VERY QUICKLY, SECRETARY PEREZ ABOUT THE SUPREME COURT ANNOUNCING THAT IT IS GOING TO TAKE UP A CASE INVOLVING THE POWER OF GOVERNMENT EMPLOYEE UNIONS TO IMPOSE FEES ON NON-UNION MEMBERS. WHAT'S YOUR REACTION?

>> WELL, I THINK PUBLIC SECTOR WORKERS, TEACHERS OR FIREFIGHTERS HOME HEALTH WORKERS WHO WORK FOR STATES THEY DO GOD'S WORK. THEY ARE SOME OF OUR MOST IMPORTANT EMPLOYEES. AND I THINK THE ABILITY TO HAVE COLLECTIVE BARGAINING FOR THEM IS CRITICAL. THEY'RE NOT GETTING RICH. THEY'RE DOING SOME OF THE MOST IMPORTANT WORK. AND I THINK COLLECTIVE BARGAINING HAS BEEN KEY TO THEIR SUCCESS. AND THE PEOPLE WHO DON'T WANT TO SIGN UP FOR THOSE TO PAY DUE, THEY ACTUALLY BENEFIT FROM THOSE THE WORK THAT THESE UNIONS ARE DOING TO GET HIGHER WAGES AND FAIR TREATMENT IN THE WORKPLACE. SO THEY WANT TO BE ABLE TO BE FREE RIDERS, PAY NOTHING BUT GET ALL THE BENEFITS. AND STATES HAVE APPROPRIATELY SAID, YOU CAN REQUIRE PEOPLE TO PAY THEIR FAIR SHARE. AND I THINK THAT'S THE RIGHT THING TO DO. AND I THINK THE COLLECTIVE BARGAINING PROCESS FOR PUBLIC SECTOR WORKERS IS CRITICALLY IMPORTANT.

>> Woodruff: WE WANTED TO GET YOUR REACTION. WE THANK YOU FOR JOINING US. SECRETARY OF LABOR THOMAS PEREZ, THANK YOU.

>> ALWAYS A PLEASURE.

>> Woodruff: A LATE ATTEMPT BY THE PRIME MINISTER OF GREECE FAILED TO STOP THE COUNTRY FROM BEING THE FIRST EVER DEVELOPED NATION TO MISS A PAYMENT IT OWES TO THE INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND. PBS NEWSHOUR SPECIAL CORRESPONDENT MALCOM BRABANT REPORTS FROM ATHENS, WHERE ANXIETY RULED THE DAY.

>> Reporter: TEMPERS WERE RUNNING HIGH ON THE FRONT LINES IN ATHENS-- THE BANK MACHINES WHERE PENSIONERS AND OTHERS WAITED AGAIN FOR HOURS TO GET THE EQUIVALENT OF $67.

>> ( translated ): WE CANNOT GO ON WITH OUR DAILY BUSINESS. THESE 60 EUROS ARE NOT ENOUGH TO FEED THE FAMILY. THE SITUATION IS VERY BAD.

>> Reporter: AND, IT MAY WELL GET WORSE. THE FINANCE MINISTER CONFIRMED GREECE IS DEFAULTING ON A NEARLY $1.9 BILLION REPAYMENT TO THE INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND, THAT WAS DUE TODAY. INSTEAD, HE EMPHASIZED SUNDAY'S REFERENDUM ON WHETHER TO ACCEPT MORE AUSTERITY MEASURES AS THE PRICE OF A NEW BAILOUT.

>> ( translated ): THE MOST IMPORTANT THING AT THIS TIME IS TO SECURE WITH SOBRIETY AND HARMONY THE RIGHT OF THE GREEK PEOPLE TO EXPRESS THEMSELVES ON SUNDAY IN THE REFERENDUM.

>> Reporter: THIS EVENING, THOUSANDS RALLIED OUTSIDE PARLIAMENT, URGING A "YES" VOTE IN FAVOR OF WORKING OUT A DEAL AND STAYING IN THE EURO-ZONE.

>> WHAT WE NEED NOW AS GREEKS IS A DETERMINED GOVERNMENT TO NEGOTIATE A GREEK WITH THE CREDITORS AND PROMOTE PROSPERITY, GROWTH AND HOPE. HOPE IS WHAT THE GREEKS NEED AND I THINK STAYING IN THE EURO IS THE ONLY WAY OF EMPOWERING HOPE.

>> Reporter: EVEN NOW, AT THE 11th HOUR, THE GOVERNMENT OF ALEXIS TSIPRAS IS PUTTING FORTH NEW PROPOSALS TO TRY TO SATISFY ITS INTERNATIONAL CREDITORS. IT WANTS TO EXTEND THE BAILOUT UNDER NEW CONDITIONS. THIS IS AN ARCHETYPICALLY GREEK TACTIC OF TRYING TO ALTER THE NEGOTIATIONS RIGHT AT THE LAST MINUTE. IT'S THE LATEST CURVE BALL FROM A GOVERNMENT WHICH HAS IRRITATED THE EUROPEAN UNION AND THE INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND. BUT THE GERMAN CHANCELLOR ANGELA MERKEL HAS MADE IT CLEAR THERE WILL BE NO MORE NEGOTIATIONS WITH GREECE UNTIL ITS REFERENDUM ON SUNDAY. IT WAS WIDELY REPORTED THAT PRIME MINISTER TSIPRAS WANTS A TWO-YEAR EXTENSION OF BAILOUT FUNDING, BUT THAT HE OFFERED NO NEW ECONOMIC REFORMS TO SATISFY CREDITORS. OPPOSITION LAWMAKERS IN THE GREEK PARLIAMENT SAID THE ONUS IS ON TSIPRAS TO FIND A WAY OUT.

>> ( translated ): I THINK TODAY IS THE LAST CHANCE FOR THE GOVERNMENT AND GREEK PRIME MINISTER ALEXIS TSIPRAS SPECIFICALLY TO ENSURE A SMOOTH AND NORMAL WAY FORWARD. STARTING TOMORROW THINGS WILL GET VERY DIFFICULT AND THE RESPONSIBILITY CAN ONLY BE ATTRIBUTED TO MR. TSIPRAS AND HIS PARTY.

>> Reporter: BUT OUTWARDLY AT LEAST, GOVERNMENT SUPPORTERS VOICED CONFIDENCE THAT ALL WILL BE WELL.

>> ( translated ): I AM CERTAIN THAT EVERY DAY THAT DAWNS BRINGS US CLOSER RATHER THAN FURTHER WITH EUROPE. BECAUSE OUR HOME IS THE SAME, IT IS COMMON AND OUR HOME IS EUROPE. I AM THEREFORE CERTAIN THAT THE CREDITORS REALIZE, MINUTE BY MINUTE, THE IMPORTANCE OF STAYING TOGETHER AND NOT DIVORCING.

>> Reporter: AS THE POLITICIANS DEBATE, THE FEAR AMONG AVERAGE GREEKS IS PALPABLE. IN THE HOME OF BYRON RIGINOS, A RETIREE, THE TELEVISION IS ALWAYS ON, WITH ITS NEVER-ENDING DIET OF BAD NEWS.

>> TODAY I WOULD DESCRIBE AS D- DAY FOR GREECE. D-DAY COULD TAKE THE NOTION OF DESTRUCTION, DEMOLITION DEPLETION OF CASH INTO THE A.T.M.'s AND TO THE BANKS. D-DAY CAN HAVE MANY MEANINGS. BUT THE GIST OF IT IS THAT WE ARE ABOUT TO LOSE OUR COUNTRY AND TO EXIT THE EUROZONE AND THE EUROPEAN UNION. AND THIS IS SOMETHING UNBELIEVABLE.

>> Reporter: OTHERS, LIKE DIMITRIS PAPAZIMOURIS, FACE THE A POTENTIAL FUTURE WITH NO JOB. HE'S ALREADY LOST 70 % OF HIS SALARY AT AN ADVERTISING FIRM SINCE THE CRISIS BEGAN.

>> I'M TERRIFIED, I'M ACTUALLY TERRIFIED. I THINK WE'RE TAKING A VERY DANGEROUS TURN. WHICH I COULDN'T IMAGINE WE WOULD END UP WHERE WE ARE TODAY. WE ARE A EUROPEAN COUNTRY AND IT'S HEADING TOWARDS THE FOURTH WORLD. ALL OF THIS IS BEING WATCHED CLOSELY IN WASHINGTON, WHERE PRESIDENT OBAMA SOUGHT TODAY TO PLAY DOWN THE POTENTIAL EFFECTS ON THE U.S.

>> FOR THE AMERICAN PEOPLE THIS IS NOT SOMETHING THAT WE BELIEVE WILL HAVE A MAJOR SHOCK TO THE SYSTEM. BUT OBVIOUSLY IT'S VERY PAINFUL FOR THE GREEK PEOPLE AND IT CAN HAVE A SIGNIFICANT EFFECT ON GROWTH RATES IN EUROPE.

>> Reporter: TONIGHT, A CONFERENCE CALL OF EUROPEAN FINANCE MINISTERS ENDED WITH OFFICIALS SAYING ONLY THAT THEY'LL HAVE ANOTHER CALL TOMORROW MORNING.

>> Woodruff: AND NOW TO ANOTHER MISSED DEADLINE-- THIS ONE BETWEEN IRAN AND WORLD POWERS OVER THAT COUNTRY'S NUCLEAR PROGRAM. REPRESENTATIVES FROM IRAN AND THE SO-CALLED P5 + 1, WHICH INCLUDES THE U.S., HAVE GIVEN THEMSELVES ANOTHER FULL WEEK TO NEGOTIATE A FINAL DEAL. THE ORIGINAL DEADLINE WAS MIDNIGHT TONIGHT. IN WASHINGTON PRESIDENT OBAMA SAID THAT ANY FINAL DEAL MUST BLOCK IRAN'S PATH TO A NUCLEAR WEAPON.

>> I HAVE SAID FROM THE START I WILL WALK AWAY FROM THE NEGOTIATIONS IF IN FACT IT IS A BAD DEAL. IF WE CAN'T PROVIDE ASSURANCES THAT THE PATHWAYS FOR IRAN OBTAINING A NUCLEAR WEAPON ARE CLOSED AND IF WE CAN'T VERIFY THAT IF THE INSPECTIONS REGIME IS INADEQUATE THEN WE ARE NOT GOING TO GET A DEAL. WE HAVE BEEN VERY CLEAR TO THE IRANIAN GOVERNMENT ABOUT THAT.

>> Woodruff: JEFFREY BROWN PICKS UP THE STORY FROM HERE.

>> Brown: THE ANNOUNCEMENT OF AN EXTENSION, COMING WITH JUST A FEW HOURS TO SPARE, CAME IN VIENNA, WHERE SECRETARY OF STATE JOHN KERRY IS MEETING WITH HIS IRANIAN AND OTHER INTERNATIONAL COUNTERPARTS. INDIRA LAKSHMANAN IS IN VIENNA COVERING THE TALKS FOR BLOOMBERG NEWS. SO THIS EXTENSION MEANS THEY OBVIOUSLY COULDN'T REACH THE DEADLINE TONIGHT, BUT WHAT MORE DOES IT MEAN? WHERE DO THINGS STAND?

>> WELL, IN THE HOTEL RIGHT BEHIND ME, WE HAVE ALL THE DIFFERENT DELEGATIONS WHO ARE MEETING LATE INTO THE NIGHT EVEN THOUGH THE PRINCIPLE SECRETARY KERRY, THE IRANIAN FOREIGN MINISTER AND OTHERS MAY HAVE TAKEN THEIR BREAK FOR THE DAY, YOU'RE TALKING ABOUT NUCLEAR EXPERTS, SANCTIONS EXPERTS AND OTHER CHIEF NEGOTIATORS WORKING UNTIL ALMOST 1:00 A.M. EVERY NIGHT. WHAT WE SAW HAPPEN TODAY WAS THIS OFFICIAL EXTENSION OF THE INTERIM ACCORD, WHICH BASICALLY GAVE IRAN PARTIAL BUT NOT VERY MUCH SANCTIONS RELIEF IN EXCHANGE FOR THEM LIMITING THE MOST SENSITIVE ASPECTS OF THEIR NUCLEAR PROGRAM. AS YOU KNOW, THAT DEAL HAS BEEN IN PLACE SINCE JANUARY OF LAST YEAR. AND SO THIS HAS NOW BEEN EXTENDED UNTIL JULY 7th WHICH ESSENTIALLY GIVES THE TWO SIDES ANOTHER WEEK TO TRY TO HAMMER OUT THE REMAINING DIFFERSES AND TO TRY TO GET IT TO CONGRESS BEFORE THAT JULY 9th TRIGGER DATE, WHICH WOULD GIVE CONGRESS AN EXTRA 30 DAYS OR TWO MONTHS TO ARGUE ABOUT THE DEAL.

>> SO WHERE ARE THE KEY STICKING POINTS AT THIS POINT? WHAT DO YOU EXPECT THEM TO BE DISCUSSING AND NEGOTIATING OVER THESE COMING DAYS?

>> YEAH, THE MAIN PROBLEMS THAT REMAIN ARE REALLY OVER ACCESS. THAT MEANS WHAT KIND OF ACCESS ARE THE INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY INSPECTORS THE U.N. ATOMIC INSPECTORS GOING TO HAVE TO IRAN'S MOST SENSITIVE SITES. THIS IS KEY BECAUSE IT'S NOT ONLY ABOUT VERIFYING THE DEAL GOING FORWARD. IT'S ALSO ABOUT ANSWERING THIS 12-YEAR-OLD FILE FULL OF QUESTIONS THAT THE IAEA HAS ABOUT THE POTENTIAL MILITARY DIMENSIONS OF IRAN'S NUCLEAR WORK. WE KNOW THAT IN THE PAST ACCORDING TO U.S. INTELLIGENCE AND OTHER INTELLIGENCE AGENCIES IRAN WAS CONDUCTING MILITARY-RELATED NUCLEAR RESEARCH TOWARD A NUCLEAR WEAPON. THE QUESTION IS IRAN HAS NEVER FESSED UP TO THAT. I DON'T THINK THIS DEAL EXPECTS THAT IRAN IS GOING TO COME OUT WITH A FULL CONFESSION, BUT WHAT THE NEGOTIATORS DO WANT IS ACCESS TO THE SITE SO THEY CAN LOOK AT DOCUMENTS, TALK TO SCIENTISTS AND HAVE AN UNDERSTANDING OF WHAT IRAN'S NUCLEAR PROGRAM WAS DOING IN THE PAST TO MAKE SURE THAT IT KEEPS LIMITS IN THE FUTURE AND IS NOT ABLE TO GET A NUCLEAR WEAPON GOING FORWARD.

>> Brown: SO TODAY WE HEARD PRESIDENT OBAMA TALKING ABOUT THE U.S. WOULD WALK AWAY IF IT'S NOT A GOOD DEAL. HOW IS THAT BEING INTERPRETED THERE? IS THAT SEEN AS ANY SORT OF HARDENING OF THE U.S. POSITION?

>> LOOK, AT THIS POINT I DON'T THINK WE CAN TALK ABOUT HARDENING OF POSITIONS. I THINK THAT'S ALMOST MIRRORING WHAT THE AYATOLLAH KHAMENEI IRAN'S SUPREME LEADER, SAID A WEEK AGO. HE GAVE A REALLY TOUCH SPEECH IN WHICH HE SAID IRAN HAS A NUMBER OF RED LINES AND WE'RE NOT GOING TO CROSS ANY OF THEM. THE RED LINES HE LAID OUT ARE THINGS IRAN HAD ALREADY AGREED TO IN SWITZERLAND ON APRIL 2nd. SO IT CAME AS A BIG SHOCK. DOES THIS MEAN IRAN WILL BE BACKSLIDING. I'M TOLD BY U.S. NEGOTIATORS THAT, IN FACT, IN THE NEGOTIATING ROOM, IRAN HAS NOT BEEN BACKSLIDING, BUT THE AYATOLLAH KHAMENEI HAD TO STRONG COME OUT WITH A STRONG STATEMENT FOR PUBLIC CONSUMPTION. I THINK OBAMA'S DOING SOMETHING IN THE SAME WAY. HE HAS TO COME OUT WITH A STRONG STATEMENT FOR CAPITOL HILL BUT FOR ALL OF THOSE PEOPLE IN THE UNITED STATES WHO MAY BE SUSPICIOUS OF A DEAL NOT TO MENTION ISRAEL, SAYING WE'RE ONLY GOING TO TAKE A VERY GOOD DEAL AND WE'RE NOT GOING TO ACCEPT ANY BACKTRACKING. THAT'S WHAT WAS AT PLAY. BUT I THINK IT'S IMPORTANT TO NOTICE THERE HAVE BEEN POSITIVE SIGNS TOO. JUST TODAY AYATOLLAH KHAMENEI TWEETED A PICTURE OF HIS NEGOTIATING TEAM DRESSED UP IN PERFECT WHITE SCIENTIST JACKETS JUST AS FOREIGN MINISTER DISA REEF WAS COMING BACK HERE FROM IRAN AND SAID SOMETHING HOW HE HAD TOTAL TRUST IN HIS BRAVE NEGOTIATORS. SO THAT DEFINITELY SEEMS TO BE PREPARING THE GROUND IN IRAN FOR A DEAL COMING I WOULD SAY WITHIN THE NEXT WEEK.

>> Brown: JUST VERY BRIEFLY, INDIRA, I GATHER ON THE SIDELINES THERE ARE CONTINUING TALKS ABOUT AMERICANS STILL IN PRISON IN IRAN. DO WE KNOW WHETHER THAT'S PLAYING INTO THESE NUCLEAR TALKS AT ALL?

>> WELL, THERE ARE THOSE THREE AMERICANS, PASTOR, A JOURNALIST AND AN EX-MARINE WHO YOU MENTIONED WHO ARE IMPRISONED IN IRAN. THE UNITED STATES SAYS THAT IN EVERY SINGLE MEETING THAT THEY HAVE WITH THE IRANIANS THEY ALWAYS BRING UP THOSE THREE MEN AND A FOURTH FORMER F.B.I. AGENT WHO HAS BEEN MISSING FOR MORE THAN SEVEN YEARS. THE ISSUE IS THEY DON'T WANT TO TIE THOSE MEN'S FATE TO THE TALKS. THE AMERICANS HAVE ALWAYS SAID THOSE MEN NEED TO BE RELEASED WHETHER OR NOT THERE IS A NUCLEAR DEAL. YOU CAN BE SURE THAT, OF COURSE AT THIS MOMENT OF MAXIMUM LEVERAGE, THAT THE UNITED STATES IS PUSHING THEM VERY HARD ON THIS, BUT I THINK THE MAIN POINT IS EVEN IF THERE IS A NUCLEAR DEAL, THE WHOLE WORLD IS NOT GOING TO CHANGE. THE U.S. AND IRAN ARE NOT GOING TO BECOME FRIENDS. THERE IS NOT GOING TO BE A DETAUNT OR RAPPROCHEMENT. THE UNITED STATES LAST WEEK CALLED THEM STATE SPONSORS OF TERROR AND HUMAN RIGHTS ABUSERS, SO THE WHOLE WORLD IS NOT GOING TO CHANGE. THIS IS ABOUT A NUCLEAR DEAL AND NOT MUCH MORE AT THIS POINT.

>> Brown: ALL RIGHT. INDIRA LAKSHMANAN IN VIENNA, THANKS SO MUCH.

>> THANK YOU.

>> Woodruff: THE CITY OF LUANDA, ANGOLA'S CAPITAL, WAS RECENTLY NAMED THE MOST EXPENSIVE CITY IN THE WORLD TO LIVE IN FOR EXPATRIATES, BEATING OUT TOKYO HONG KONG AND MOSCOW. BUT IT ALSO BEARS THE DISTINCTION AS THE COUNTRY WITH THE HIGHEST CHILD MORTALITY RATE IN THE WORLD. THE TIES THAT BIND THE TWO: CORRUPTION. GWEN IFFIL PICKS UP THE STORY FROM THERE.

>> Ifill: THE WEST AFRICAN NATION OF ANGOLA IS A LAND OF CONTRASTS, WHERE THE GAP BETWEEN THE VERY RICH AND THE DESPERATELY POOR IS SO GREAT THAT ITS MOST VULNERABLE POPULATION, CHILDREN, ARE DYING EVERY DAY. NICHOLAS KRISTOF, THE OP-ED COLUMNIST FOR THE "NEW YORK TIMES," SPENT FIVE YEARS TRYING TO GET A VISA INTO ANGOLA TO SEE FOR HIMSELF, AND RECENTLY RETURNED WITH STUNNING VIDEO. HE TRAVELED THERE WITH VIDEO JOURNALIST ADAM ELLICK.

>> THIS IS THE DEADLIEST COUNTRY IN THE WORLD FOR KIDS, AND YET THE GOVERNMENT HAD JUST CUT THE HEALTH BUDGET BY 30%. AT A SUNSET DANCE PARTY IN THE CAPITAL LUANDA, YOU'D NEVER KNOW THERE'S A HEALTH CRISIS HERE. THAT'S THE CRAZY PART. THIS COUNTRY IS ACTUALLY FILTHY RICH FLUSH WITH OIL AND DIAMONDS. THERE'S SO MUCH MONEY HERE THAT A ONE-BEDROOM APARTMENT DOWNTOWN CAN COST $12,000 A MONTH. THE REAL PROBLEM IS IT'S JUST SPECTACULARLY CORRUPT. OFFICIALS HERE SPEND $50 MILLION A YEAR ON LUXURY CARS ALONE. JUDGES HERE GET JAGUARS TO DRIVE. AS KIDS PARISH AT THE HIGHEST RATE IN THE WORLD. PRESIDENT DOS SANTOS HAS RULED FOR 36 YEARS THROUGH A BRUTAL CIVIL WAR THAT ENDED IN 2002. HE'S USED THE COUNTRY'S OIL WELLS TO ENRICH HIS CRONIES AS KIDS DIE, BUT I KNOW THE PRESIDENT CARES ABOUT AT LEAST ONE CHILD, AFTER ALL, HE TURNED HIS DAUGHTER ISABEL INTO AFRICA'S YOUNGEST BILLIONAIRE. BOTH OF THEM IGNORED MY INTERVIEW REQUESTS. BUT IF YOU WANT THE GOVERNMENT'S PERSPECTIVE ON HOW THINGS ARE GOING HERE, LOOK AT THIS POSTER. IT'S A WARNING ABOUT JUNK FOOD ON THE WALLS OF MANY PUBLIC HOSPITALS. AND IT'S HANGING ABOVE KIDS DYING OF MALNUTRITION. ANGOLA, RICH OIL COUNTRY, DIAMONDS. HOW?

>> THE GOVERNMENT WON'T SPEND THE MONEY THE MAKE IT CHANGE.

>> STEPHEN FOSTER IS AN AMERICAN MISSIONARY SURGEON WHO HAS WORKED FOR 37 YEARS IN ANGOLA. HE RUNS A HOSPITAL FOR THE POOR OVERLOOKING THE CITY OF LUONGO IN SOUTHWEST ANGOLA.

>> NO NEED TO MAKE ANY DISCOVERIES TO PREVENT TYPHOID FEVER. NO NEED TO MAKE ANY DISCOVERIES TO PROVIDE BETTER NUTRITION.

>> THE REALITY IS THESE KIDS IN THE HOSPITALS ARE THE LUCKY ONES. 50% OF ANGOLANS DON'T HAVE ACCESS TO HEALTH CARE AT ALL. WHAT I'VE BEEN SEEING IN THE LAST FEW DAY, KIDS DYING OF MALARIA SEVERE MALNUTRITION, THAT'S THE BETTER HALF OF ANGOLAN HEALTH CARE?

>> THAT'S WHAT IS HAPPENING. YES. EXACTLY.

>> Ifill: NICHOLAS KRISTOF JOINS ME NOW. THOSE PICTURES ARE SO TOUGH TO LOOK AT AND THERE ARE SO MUCH MORE ONLINE. NICK, OF ALL THE PLACES YOU TRAVELED, WHY ANGOLA?

>> I THINK IT'S IMPORTANT TO LOOK AT CHILD MORTALITY WORLDWIDE. THERE ARE SIX MILLION KIDS A YEAR DYING NECESSARILY BEFORE THE AGE OF FIVE AND ANGOLA IS A GREAT PLACE THE LOOK AT THAT BECAUSE THIS IS THE HIGHEST CHILD MORTALITY RATE IN THE WORLD AND IT'S A REMINDER THAT WHAT WE NEED IS NOT JUST MORE MONEY, BUT FRANKLY IMPROVING GOVERNANCE AND PREVENTING CORRUPTION.

>> WHAT ARE THESE CHILDREN DYING OF? WHAT ARE THEY SUFFERING FROM?

>> YOU KNOW IT'S A WHOLE RANGE OF THINGS, GWEN. YOU HAVE MALARIA. DIARRHEA. IT'S MEASLES. IT'S THINGS AS SIMPLE AS WORMS. YOU CAN DEWORM A CHILD FOR ABOUT 5 CENTS A YEAR. ONE PILL WILL DO IT. AND YET WE SAW KIDS WHO WERE... HAD SO MANY INTESTINAL PAR SITES, THEY HAD BLOCKAGES IN THEIR INTESTINES AND THEY WERE ANEMIC AS A RESULT.

>> Ifill: THESE ARE PREVENTABLE DISEASE, EVERYTHING YOU'RE DESCRIBING HERE OR AT LEAST CURABLE DISEASES. WHY IS IT THAT THE GOVERNMENT IS NOT SPENDING MONEY ON ITS HEALTH CARE?

>> BECAUSE THEY'RE NOT A PRIORITY. THE PRESIDENT'S PRIORITY IS HIS DAUGHTER, SO SHE DOES VERY WELL. IT'S HIS CRONIES. SO THEY DO VERY WELL. TO SOME DEGREE IT'S THE STABILITY OF THE COUNTRY AND SO HE PAYS PEOPLE OFF THE MAKE SURE THAT THEY WORK. AND UNFORTUNATELY FOR THE REST OF THE WORLD, INCLUDING THE U.S., OUR PRIORITY IS TO KEEP OIL FLOWING OUT OF ANGOLA AND MAKING SURE THEY DO WELL, THE OIL COMPANIES AND NOBODY HAS REALLY BEEN CONCERNED ABOUT THE HALF OF ANGOLANS WHO DON'T GET ANY HEALTH CARE AT ALL. AND IN THAT CONTEXT, THEY DIE AT EXTRAORDINARY RATES. ONE IN SIX AN GET LAND CHILDREN WILL DIE BY THE AGE OF FIVE.

>> Ifill: SO NICK, IS THIS ABOUT POVERTY OR CORRUPTION OR A LITTLE BIT OF BOTH?

>> IN ESSENCE IT'S REALLY ABOUT CORRUPTION. ANGOLA HAS THE WEALTH AS A COUNTRY. IT'S GOT OIL. IT'S GOT DIAMONDS. AND IT DEPLOYS THOSE NATURAL RESOURCES TO MAKE SURE THAT THE PRESIDENT'S DAUGHTER CAN BE A BILLIONAIRE, TO MAKE SURE THAT JUDGES GET THEIR JAGUARS. WHAT IT DOESN'T DO IS MAKE SURE THAT EVERY CHILD GETS BED NET, THAT EVERY CHILD GETS DEWORMED. SO YOU HAVE THESE CHILDREN DYING OF COMPLETELY PREVENTABLE DISEASES. ONE WOMAN IN 35 WILL END UP DYING IN CHILDBIRTH COMPLETELY UNNECESSARILY. KIDS ARE NOT GOING TO SCHOOL. AND SO POVERTY IS A PROBLEM, AS A CONSEQUENCE OF THE PIE GOING COMPLETELY TO THE ELITE UNDER PRESIDENT DOS SANTOS AND THE REST OF THE WORLD FRANKLY KIND OF ACCEPTING THAT SITUATION BECAUSE WE IN THE U.S. ARE CARING ABOUT OUR OIL COMPANIES. EUROPE IS CARING ABOUT ITS OIL COMPANIES. NOBODY IS REALLY CARING ABOUT THE DISENFRANCHISED PEOPLE OF ANGOLA.

>> Ifill: DOES THE U.S. HAVE A FORMAL, BILATERAL RELATIONSHIP WITH ANGOLA?

>> YES. WE HAVE A REASONABLY FRIENDLY RELATIONSHIP WITH ANGOLA BECAUSE WE HAVE SUBSTANTIAL OIL INTERESTS THERE, AND ALSO IN FAIRNESS ANGOLA HAS BEEN REASONABLY HELPFUL IN TRYING TO REACH MORE PEACE IN CONGO. SECRETARY KERRY HAS VISITED ANGOLA. ANGOLAN LEADERS HAVE COME TO THE U.S. BUT NOBODY REALLY TALKS ABOUT THESE BASIC ISSUES OF GOVERNANCE. YOU KNOW, I HAVE OFTEN EMPATHIZED THAT WEALTHY COUNTRIES SHOULD DONATE THE ALLEVIATE POVERTY AROUND THE WORLD BUT ANGOLA IS A REMINDER THEY IT'S NOT JUST ABOUT WEALTHY COUNTRIES WRITING CHECKS. IT'S ALSO ABOUT THEM HOLDING THE FEET TO THE FIRE OF LEADERS OF COUNTRIES LIKE ANGOLA TO MAKE SURE THAT MONEY ISN'T JUST STOLEN BY THE BILLIONS BUT ACTUALLY IS DEPLOYED IN WAYS THAT WILL SAVE LIVES.

>> HOW DOES ANGOLA RANK WITH OTHER NATIONS OF ITS TYPE WHICH ARE RICH IN NATURAL RICHES BUT POOR OTHERWISE?

>> ANGOLA IS ONE OF THE LEAST TRANSPARENT COUNTRIES IN THE WORLD. IT'S ONE OF THE MOST CORRUPT COUNTRIES IN THE WORLD BY VARIOUS INDEXES, FROM TRANSPARENCY INTERNATIONAL THESE KINDS OF THINGS. ACCORDING TO UNICEF, IT'S THE SINGLE COUNTRY WITH THE VERY HIGHEST CHILD MORTALITY RATE IN THE WORLD. THE IDEA THAT ANGOLA, YOU KNOW, WITH ALL OF ITS WEALTH, HAS A WORSE CHILD MORTALITY RATE THAN NIGER, THAT BER KEY THAT FASO, THAN SIERRA LEONE IS KIND OF INCOMPREHENSIBLE AND THAT'S SIMPLY BECAUSE THE LEADERSHIP DOESN'T DEPLOY ITS WEALTH TO MAKE A DIFFERENCE AND, IN FACT, IS THIS YEAR CUTTING ITS HEALTH BUDGET EVEN FURTHER.

>> Ifill: NICK KRISTOF OF "THE NEW YORK TIMES," THANK YOU FOR GOING WHERE WE ALWAYS CAN'T AND BRINGING US THE STORY.

>> MY PLEASURE, GWEN.

>> Woodruff: NEARLY 800,000 AMERICANS SUFFER A STROKE EACH YEAR, AND 130,000 DIE FROM ONE MAKING IT THE FIFTH LEADING CAUSE OF DEATH IN THIS COUNTRY. MOST STROKES ARE CAUSED BY A BLOOD CLOT IN THE BRAIN. THE RECOMMENDED TREATMENT IS A DRUG CALLED T.P.A. TO DISSOLVE IT. BUT IT MUST BE GIVEN WITHIN FOUR-AND-A-HALF HOURS AND FEWER THAN FIVE PERCENT OF PEOPLE ARE DIAGNOSED IN TIME. NOW THE AMERICAN HEART ASSOCIATION HAS RECOMMENDED ANOTHER TREATMENT TO HELP: IN MANY CASES, DOCTORS SHOULD USE A STENT TO REMOVE THE CLOT. DR. WILLIAM POWERS IS THE HEAD OF THE PANEL THAT MADE THE RECOMMENDATION. HE'S THE CHIEF OF NEUROLOGY AT THE UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA AT CHAPEL HILL. DR. POWERS, THANK YOU FOR BEING WITH US. FIRST OF ALL, EXPLAIN WHAT THIS PROCEDURE IS, HOW DOES IT WORK.

>> WELL, THE PROCEDURE INVOLVES MAKING A PUNCTURE IN A LARGE ARTERY IN THE GROIN AND THREADING A SMALL TUBE CALLED A CATHETER UP THROUGH THE CHEST AND UP THROUGH THE NECK AND INTO THE HEAD AND THEN PUSHING THAT CATHETER INTO THE BLOOD CLOT AND INSIDE THAT CATHETER IS A STENT, WHICH LOOKS LIKE A PIECE OF ROLLED-UP CHICKEN WIRE. YOU PULL THE CATHETER BACK. THE STENT EXPANDS. IT GRABS THE CLOT AND YOU PULL THE STENT AND THE CLOT BACK OUT OF THE BRAIN AND RELIEVE THE BLOCKAGE IN THE BLOOD VESSEL AND RESTORE BLOOD FLOW TO THE BRAIN.

>> Woodruff: SO THIS IS DIFFERENT FROM THE STENT MANY PEOPLE MAY BE HEARD OF THAT MAY BE USED IN A BLOOD VESSEL IN THE NECK OR HEART THAT GOES IN AND EXPANDS THE BLOOD VESSEL?

>> WELL IT'S THE SAME TYPE OF STENT, THEY DO EXPAND, BUT IN THIS CASE YOU DON'T LEAVE IT THERE. YOU JUST USE IT AS A SNARE TO PULL THE BLOOD CLOT OUT.

>> Woodruff: WHO BENEFITS FROM THIS?

>> SO THERE HAVE BEEN NOW FIVE VERY, VERY NICE STUDIES THAT HAVE LOOKED AT PEOPLE WHO HAVE HAD THIS PROCEDURE AND COMPARED THEM TO PEOPLE WHO DON'T. AND BY IN LARGE, IT'S PEOPLE WHO HAVE A LARGE CLOT IN ONE OF THE LARGE VESSELS THAT SUPPLIES A LARGE PART OF THE BRAIN, AND WHO HAVE ALSO ALREADY RECEIVED I.V. T.P.A. BUT THE I.V. T.P.A. DOESN'T RESOLVE THE LARGE CLOT, AND THEY HAVE TO BE TREATED WITH THIS STENT WITHIN SIX HOURS OF THE ONSET OF THE STROKE.

>> SO IT WOULD BE USED WITH THIS MEDICINE?

>> IT'S USED AFTER I.V. T.P.A. IS GIVEN PRIMARILY. IT MIGHT ALSO WORK WITH PEOPLE WHO HAVEN'T GOTTEN I.V. T.P.A., BUT WE DON'T HAVE ENOUGH EVIDENCE TO KNOW THAT AS OF YET.

>> Woodruff: WHAT ARE THE POTENTIAL COMPLICATIONS?

>> IT'S VERY INTERESTING. THE COMPLICATIONS WERE NO MORE THAN PEOPLE WHO RECEIVED I.V. T.P.A. ALONE, WHICH IS A 2% TO 3% RISK OF HEMORRHAGE FROM THE I.V. T.P.A.

>> Woodruff: RIGHT NOW ARE MOST PEOPLE TREATED WITH THIS MEDICINE, THE T.P.A.?

>> WELL, UNFORTUNATELY MOST PEOPLE DON'T GET TO THE HOSPITAL IN TIME TO GET THE I.V. T.P.A. AND PROBABLY 5% TO 10% OF PEOPLE GET IT. MANY, MANY MANY MORE COULD IF THEY GOT TO THE HOSPITAL ON TIME.

>> Woodruff: WHAT DO YOU THINK THIS RECOMMENDATION COMING FROM THE AMERICAN HEART ASSOCIATION IS GOING TO MAKE?

>> WELL, YOU KNOW, I HOPE IT DOES SEVERAL THINGS. I HOPE IT MORE THAN ANYTHING GETS PEOPLE TO UNDERSTAND THAT THERE ARE TREATMENTS FOR ACUTE STROKE. WE NOW HAVE A NEW ONE THAT HELPS EVEN MORE PEOPLE, BUT YOU HAVE TO GET TO THE HOSPITAL QUICKLY WHICH MEANS CALL 911. THE OTHER THING THAT I HOPE IT DOES IS IT WILL ALLOW US TO SET UP SYSTEMS OF CARE AROUND THE COUNTRY, NOT EVERY HOSPITAL CAN DO THIS NEW STENT WE TREEFER TREATMENT. SO WE NEED WAYS TO GET PEOPLE TO LOCAL HOSPITALS TO GET THEIR I.V. T.P.A. AND THEN IF THEY BENEFIT TO CENTERS WHO DO THIS TREATMENT.

>> Woodruff: SO THE HEART ASSOCIATION IN THE PROCESS OF MAKING SURE DOCTORS GET THIS, PHYSICIANS GET THIS TRAINING?

>> SO THERE ARE PHYSICIANS WHO ARE TRAINED TO DO THIS. AND THERE ARE TRAINING PROGRAMS SET UP. IT'S REALLY I THINK A QUESTION MORE OF ORGANIZATION THAN OF THE HEART ASSOCIATION WORRYING ABOUT THE TRAINING.

>> Woodruff: AND IN ANY EVENT, WHAT YOU'RE SAYING IS THE WORD IS ALREADY OUT, BUT IT'S GOING TO BE OUT EVEN MORE SO NOW AND YOU'RE LOOKING TO HOSPITALS TO IMPLEMENT THIS?

>> YEAH, I THINK SO. SINCE THESE STUDIES WERE PUBLISHED I MEAN, OUR PRACTICE AT OUR HOSPITAL HAS CHANGED DRASTICALLY. AND WE'VE SET UP A WHOLE NEW SYSTEM OF CARE TO EFFICIENTLY TAKE THESE PEOPLE IN FROM OUTSIDE BY HELICOPTER BECAUSE WE CAN OFFER THE TREATMENT AND GET THEM THE TREATMENT THEY NEED.

>> DR. BILL POWERS AT THE UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA, THANK YOU FOR SHARING ALL THIS WITH US.

>> THANK YOU VERY MUCH FOR HAVING ME.

>> Woodruff: "BEFORE THIS WORLD": IT'S THE NAME OF A NEW ALBUM FROM ONE OF THE ALL-TIME GREAT SINGER-SONGWRITERS, JAMES TAYLOR. JEFFREY BROWN SPENT A DAY WITH TAYLOR IN NEW YORK RECENTLY AND HAS OUR REPORT. ♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ ♪

>> Brown: "TODAY, TODAY, TODAY" SINGS JAMES TAYLOR, BUT HIS VOICE SEEMS BARELY CHANGED FROM MANY YESTERDAYS, ENGRAINED IN SEVERAL GENERATIONS OF MUSIC LOVERS SINCE THE 1970's. ♪ ♪ ♪ THESE ARE NEW SONGS FROM HIS FIRST ALBUM OF ALL NEW MATERIAL IN 13 YEARS. AND THE WRITING OF THEM, HE TOLD ME WHEN WE MET RECENTLY, HAS ONLY GOTTEN HARDER.

>> IN THE BEGINNING THERE WAS A KIND OF ENERGY, AN URGENCY TO EXPRESS MYSELF, AND THE SONGS JUST COULDN'T BE HELD IN. BUT I THINK IT CHANGES, THE NATURE OF HOW THAT, WHAT THAT ENERGY IS. I NEED TO COURT THE MUSE IN A MUCH MORE SERIOUS WAY. ♪ ♪ ♪

>> Brown: THAT EARLY URGENCY EXPRESSED ITSELF IN DEEPLY PERSONAL SONGS LIKE "SWEET BABY JAMES" AND "FIRE AND RAIN," SOME OF THEM BASED ON HIS BOUTS WITH DEPRESSION AND DRUG ABUSE. ♪ ♪ ♪ HE HAD HIS FIRST NUMBER ONE HIT IN 1971 WITH "YOU'VE GOT A FRIEND," WRITTEN BY HIS FRIEND CAROLE KING. I ASKED TAYLOR HOW WELL HE REMEMBERS THOSE EARLY YEARS.

>> I REMEMBER THEM REALLY WELL. THAT'S ANOTHER SURPRISING THING ABOUT BEING 67, IS THAT WHEN I WAS 17 I COULDN'T IMAGINE THAT, FIRST OF ALL THAT I'D BE ALIVE NOW, BUT IT JUST NEVER OCCURRED TO ME THAT I WOULD HAVE ANYTHING IN COMMON WITH SOMEONE WHO WAS 67 YEARS OLD. IT SEEMED TO ME LIKE THAT WAS A DIFFERENT ANIMAL ENTIRELY. AND THE SURPRISE IS THAT YOU'RE THE SAME PERSON. NOT ONLY DO I REMEMBER THOSE DAYS WELL, THAT'S BASICALLY JUST YESTERDAY, YOU KNOW?

>> Brown: SO YOU SEE A PRETTY DIRECT LINE, NOT A LOT OF DIFFERENT LIVES, THIS IS ONE LIFE?

>> YEAH, THAT'S RIGHT, ABSOLUTELY, WELL PUT. IT'S THE SAME LIFE AND YOU KNOW I REALLY DID LAND ON MY FEET.

>> Brown: LAND ON HIS FEET AND OVER THE YEARS SELL MORE THAN 100 MILLION RECORDS. ♪ ♪ ♪ TAYLOR HAS CONTINUED TO PERFORM AROUND THE WORLD, AND HE'S RELEASED ALBUMS IN RECENT YEARS OF LIVE OR OLDER MATERIAL. WHEN NOT ON THE ROAD, TAYLOR LIVES IN WESTERN MASSACHUSETTS WITH KIM, HIS WIFE OF 29 YEARS AND THEIR TWIN 14-YEAR-OLD BOYS. HE HAS TWO GROWN CHILDREN, BOTH MUSICIANS, FROM HIS EARLIER MARRIAGE TO CARLY SIMON. ON THE NEW ALBUM, WITH HELP FROM FRIENDS INCLUDING STING AND YO YO MA, TAYLOR RETURNS TO MANY ABIDING THEMES: ♪ ♪ ♪

>> WHAT A FATHER AND SON IS, BECAUSE THAT'S SOMEHOW CENTRAL TO ME. THE IDEA OF A SIMPLE LIFE, AS OPPOSED TO A COMPLEX AND EXCITING LIFE, THE IDEA OF GETTING THE BALANCE RIGHT IN ALL THOSE THINGS. A CERTAIN KIND OF LOVE SONG, FAREWELL SONGS TO PEOPLE THAT I'VE LOST. ♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ ♪

>> Brown: ONE SONG IS ABOUT TAYLOR'S GRANDMOTHER, A DIEHARD RED SOX FAN, EXPERIENCING HER TEAM WINNING THE WORLD SERIES IN 2004 AFTER WAITING 86 YEARS. ♪ ♪ THAT'S GREAT FOR ME AS A RED FAN. ARE YOU AFRAID OF ANTAGONIZING THE REST OF THE COUNTRY?

>> I'M A LITTLE WORRIED ABOUT THAT, YES.

>> Brown: BUT THIS BRINGS UP SOMETHING I'VE OFTEN THOUGHT ABOUT YOU: YOU'RE NOT AFRAID TO BE, I DON'T KNOW IF CORNY IS THE RIGHT WORD-- SOME PEOPLE WOULD CALL THAT A LITTLE CORNY, RIGHT?

>> I AM VERY UNCOOL. I AM VERY UNCOOL. YOU KNOW, IT DRIVES MY WIFE CRAZY SOMETIMES. I AM CORNY AND I AM NOT AT ALL COOL.

>> Brown: BUT DO YOU THINK IT IS THAT WILLINGNESS TO WEAR YOUR HEART ON YOUR SLEEVE, IN A SENSE, THAT'S THE KEY TO SOME OF THOSE SONGS THAT PEOPLE GREW UP

>> I THINK THAT'S THE WHOLE POINT. THAT'S THE WHOLE POINT, IS TO BE AVAILABLE, JUST TO BE AVAILABLE, ♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ THAT'S WHAT A LOT OF THESE SONGS JUST COME RIGHT OUT AND SAY IT YEAH.

>> Brown: TO BE AVAILABLE MEANS WHAT?

>> TO SORT OF RISK YOURSELF, IN A WAY. TO VENTURE YOURSELF.

>> DO YOU DO THIS FOR YOURSELF AT THIS POINT? OR FOR FANS? WHO ARE YOU WRITING FOR ANYMORE?

>> THAT'S A GOOD QUESTION. I MEAN, LIFE AT THIS POINT, FOR ME IS PRETTY REALIZED. IT'S PRETTY, SORT OF, THE BLANKS ARE FILLED IN. I KNOW WHO I LOVE. I KNOW WHO MY FAMILY IS. I KNOW WHO MY MUSICAL COMMUNITY IS THAT I WORK WITH. I HAVE FRIENDS WHO DO THIS ALSO, WHO BASICALLY SAY, YOU KNOW WHAT, I DON'T THINK, I'M NOT THAT MOTIVATED BY IT ANYMORE. I'M NOT THAT INTERESTED IN HAVING PEOPLE'S ATTENTION OR YOU KNOW, HAVING THEM FOCUS ON ME. BUT I SEEM TO BE ENDLESSLY INTERESTED IN IT. AND I LIKE MY AUDIENCE, TOO. WHAT I SEEM TO FEEL MORE AND MORE, AS TIME GOES BY, IS GRATEFUL.

>> Brown: GRATEFUL TO THE AUDIENCE?

>> GRATEFUL FOR ALL I'VE BEEN GIVEN.

>> Brown: THE NEWLY-RELEASED "BEFORE THIS WORLD" QUICKLY HIT NUMBER ONE ON THE BILLBOARD 200, GIVING JAMES TAYLOR-- REMARKABLY ENOUGH-- HIS FIRST-EVER CHART- TOPPING ALBUM. FROM NEW YORK, I'M JEFFREY BROWN FOR THE PBS NEWSHOUR.

>> Woodruff: TONIGHT WE REPRISE WHAT HAS BEEN A LONG-STANDING PBS NEWSHOUR TRADITION: ESSAYS ON TELEVISION. WE KICK OFF AGAIN WITH AUTHOR AND FATHER DANIEL PINK. TONIGHT HE SPEAKS TO FAMILIES AND THE THEIR CHILD ATHLETES.

>> Brown: AMERICA HAS A PROBLEM WITH YOUTH SPORTS. THIS PROBLEM HAS A NAME. TWO NAMES ACTUALLY. MOM AND DAD. THE REAL ISSUE ISN'T WHAT YOU MIGHT THINK. WE ALREADY KNOW THAT SOME SPORTS PARENTS ARE COMPLETELY NUTS LIKE MOTHERS WHO SUE THE LEAGUE WHEN THEIR PRECIOUS PROGENY DON'T GET ENOUGH PLAYING TIME OR HYPER COMPETITIVE FATHERS WHO GOT CUT FROM THEIR HIGH SCHOOL TEAM AND ARE NOW TAKING REVENGE BY THREATENING VOLUNTEER REFEREES OR BARKING AT PRE-TEEN GIRLS. NO, THE DEEPER CONCERN MIGHT BE WITH ALL THE OTHER PARENTS THE GOOD ONES, THE NICE ONES PARENTS LIKE ME WHO COME TO GAMES AND CHEER FOR THE PLAYERS AND SHOUT, "IT'S OKAY," WHEN OUR SONS AND DAUGHTERS STRIKE OUT. WE'RE PART OF THE PROBLEM TOO. IT'S TIME FOR US TO GET OUT OF THE WAY. FOR THE SAKE OF OUR CHILDREN, LET'S BAN PARENTS ALL PARENTS, NOT JUST THE WACKOS FROM ATTENDING MOST OF THEIR KIDS' GAMES. LET'S STEP OFF THE SIDELINE AND CLIMB DOWN FROM THE BLEACHERS AND MAKE YOUTH SPORTS A PARENT-FREE ZONE. NOW HEAR ME OUT ON THIS. IN MANY PLACES ATTENDING YOUR KIDS' SPORTING EVENTS HAS SOMEHOW BECOME A LEADING INDICATOR OF PARENTAL AWESOMENESS. CAN'T STAY LATE TODAY. GOT TO GO TO MARIA'S SOCCER MATCH. I HAVEN'T MISSED ONE OF BILLIE'S BASKETBALL GAMES FOR THREE YEARS. GOOD FOR YOU. BUT IS IT REALLY GOOD FOR YOUR KIDS? IF WE FEEL LIKE WE'RE INVESTING OUR TIME AND ATTENTION, DON'T WE THEN EXPECT SOME KIND OF RETURN, FROM A TEN-YEAR-OLD, WHO IS HITTING A BALL WITH A STICK? WHAT FEW OF US WELL-MEANING PARENTS REALIZE BUT WHAT ANY PROFESSIONAL ATHLETE WILL TELL YOU IS WHEN KIDS LOOK TO US ON THE SIDELINES FOR APPROVAL OR CONSOLATION OR EVEN ORANGE SLICES, PARTS OF THEM IS DISTRACTED FROM WHAT REALLY COUNTS, THE MASTERY OF SOMETHING DIFFICULT THE OBLIGATION THE TEAMMATES, THE GAME ITSELF. SITTING THERE IN OUR FOLDING CHAIRS CAN PREVENT CHILDREN FROM STANDING ON THEIR OWN TWO FEET. IF THEY SUCCEED ON THE FIELD THEY, NOT US DESERVE THE JOY. IF THEY FAIL AND THEY WILL A LOT, THEY NOT US, HAVE TO FIGURE OUT HOW TO RESPOND. MAYBE THAT'S WHY RESEARCH HAS SHOWN ORGANIZED SPORTS INHIBIT KIDS' CREATIVITY BUT PICK-UP GAMES ACTUALLY ENHANCE IT. BESIDES, AT THEIR HEART, SPORTS ARE ABOUT SCORING. IF WE'RE NOT IN THE STANDS THE KIDS ARE THE STORY. THEY GET TO TELL US WHAT WENT WELL AND WHAT DIDN'T, INSTEAD OF US TELLING THEM FROM THE FRONT SEAT OF THE CAR RIDE HOME. THINK ABOUT IT. COMPARED TO OTHER PARTS OF OUR CHILDREN'S LIVES, SPORTS ARE BIZARRELY PARENT-CENTRIC. WE DON'T GATHER IN THE BACK OF ALGEBRA CLASS AND WATCH STUDENTS SOLVE QUADRATIC EQUATIONS. IN MUSIC AND DANS AND THEATER WE DON'T ATTEND EVERY PRACTICE LESSON AND REHEARSAL. WE SHOW UP FOR AN OCCASIONAL PERFORMANCE, KEEP OUR MOUTHS SHUT AND APPLAUD LIKE CRAZY WHEN IT'S OVER. SO HERE'S A BETTER IDEA. ESPECIALLY FOR THE LEGIONS OF PAUNCHY STRESSED-OUT, MIDDLE-AGED SOULS OUT THERE, LET'S BANISH PARENTS FROM YOUTH FIELDS AND ARRANGE FOR MOMS AND DADS TO PLAY SOCCER, SOFTBALL, BASKETBALL, WHATEVER THEMSELVES WHEN THEIR CHILDREN HAVE A GAME. OUR KIDS WOULD GET MORE FREEDOM, WE PARENTS WOULD GET MORE EXERCISE, AND ALL OF US WOULD REMEMBER WHY WE LOVE SPORTS.

>> Woodruff: TONIGHT ON FRONTLINE: "GROWING UP TRANS," A POWERFUL LOOK AT THE LIVES OF TRANSGENDER CHILDREN, THROUGH THEIR OWN EYES. INTERVIEWS WITH KIDS AND DOCUMENTING FAMILY CONVERSATIONS REVEAL PARENTS WHO STRUGGLE TO COME TO TERMS WITH THEIR CHILD'S NEW IDENTITY AND THE CHALLENGE CHILDREN FACE TO GAIN ACCEPTANCE AMONG THEIR PEERS.

>> FOR ME, THE AGE THAT EVERYTHING STARTED TO HAPPEN WAS AROUND FIFTH GRADE. I STARTED REALLY GOING THROUGH PUBERTY. THAT WAS-- THAT IS HORRIBLE. I HATE IT. I MEAN, FOR ANY TRANSGENDER, MALE OR FEMALE, IT'S PROBABLY THE WORST TIME IN THEIR LIFE BECAUSE THEY'RE ACTUALLY BECOMING WHAT THEY DON'T WANT TO BECOME. I WAS WEARING THREE SPORTS BRAS. I WAS VERY SELF-CONSCIOUS OF MY CHEST BECAUSE GUYS OBVIOUSLY DO NOT HAVE A CHEST. THEY ARE FLAT, COMPLETELY. AND SO BEFORE THAT, I WAS ABLE TO PASS. I WAS ABLE TO KIND OF BE A GUY. BUT THEN ONCE THAT STARTED HAPPENING, I WAS, LIKE, "OH, THAT IS NOT GOING TO HELP MY APPEARANCE MUCH. YIKES!" IN MY MIND, I SAW THIS REALLY STRONG, FLAT-CHESTED GUY THAT HAD AN ADAM'S APPLE AND A BEARD. WHEN I LOOKED IN THE MIRROR, I SAW THIS SMALL GIRL WHO WAS NOT SUPPOSED TO LOOK LIKE THAT. I FELT LIKE I JUST NEEDED TO LOOK THE WAY I LOOKED IN MY HEAD, TO BE WHO I WAS AND FEEL COMFORTABLE WITH WHO I AM.

>> THIS YEAR, AT THE AGE OF 13, ALEX BEGAN TO TRANSITION AND FORMALLY CHANGED HIS NAME IN SCHOOL, WHERE EVERYONE HAD KNOWN HIM AS KAREN.

>> MIDDLE SCHOOL CAN BE KIND OF A SCARY TIME FOR LOTS OF PEOPLE. EVEN AFTER I STARTED REALLY TRANSITIONING, I WOULD-- I WOULD WANT TO STAY HOME BECAUSE I KNOW THAT EVERYONE THERE KNEW ME AS A REAL GIRL. I CAN FEEL THEM KIND OF, LIKE WONDERING WHY I COULDN'T JUST BE A TOMBOY, WHY I COULDN'T JUST DRESS LIKE A GUY AND I DIDN'T HAVE TO BECOME A GUY. SO INSTEAD OF CALLING ME, LIKE "HE'S," AND BY THE MALE PRONOUNS, THEY'LL CALL ME "IT" BECAUSE I'M KIND OF IN THE MIDDLE. I MEAN, I CAN DEAL WITH THAT. I DON'T REALLY LIKE IT, BUT I HAVE A MINIMUM AMOUNT OF FRIENDS. I WANT TO KEEP THE FRIENDS THAT I HAVE, SO I KIND OF JUST LET IT GO.

>> Woodruff: WATCH FRONTLINE'S "GROWING UP TRANS" TONIGHT ON MOST PBS STATIONS. ALSO, ON THE NEWSHOUR ONLINE THERE'S NO WORD FOR IT IN ENGLISH, BUT IN DANISH, THE WORD "HYGGE" MEANS "LIVING IN THE MOMENT" OR FEELING COZY. SO WHAT GOT LOST IN TRANSLATION? WE CONTINUE OUR WORK-BALANCE WEEK BY EXPLORING DENMARK'S APPROACH TO WELL BEING AND HAPPINESS. FIND THAT STORY, PLUS EXAMPLES AND SPEAKING OF WELL BEING, YOU CAN RELAX A LITTLE LONGER THIS EVENING, THAT'S BECAUSE AN EXTRA SECOND WILL BE ADDED TO THE CLOCK TONIGHT. KNOWN AS THE "LEAP SECOND," IT'S SCIENCE'S WAY OF CALIBRATING OUR PERCEPTION OF THE SOLAR DAY WITH THE TIME KEPT BY OFFICIAL ATOMIC CLOCKS. TO SEE HOW THAT WORKS, WE HAVE AN EXPLAINER ON OUR SCIENCE PAGE. ALL THAT AND MORE IS ON OUR WEB SITE, pbs.org/newshour. AND THAT'S THE NEWSHOUR FOR TONIGHT. I'M JUDY WOODRUFF. JOIN US ON-LINE, AND AGAIN HERE TOMORROW EVENING. FOR ALL OF US AT THE PBS NEWSHOUR, THANK YOU AND GOOD NIGHT.

>> MAJOR FUNDING FOR THE PBS NEWSHOUR HAS BEEN PROVIDED BY: ♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ MOVING OUR ECONOMY FOR 160 YEARS. BNSF, THE ENGINE THAT CONNECTS US.

>> AND WITH THE ONGOING SUPPORT OF THESE INSTITUTIONS

>> THIS PROGRAM WAS MADE POSSIBLE BY THE CORPORATION FOR PUBLIC BROADCASTING. AND BY CONTRIBUTIONS TO YOUR PBS STATION FROM VIEWERS LIKE YOU. THANK YOU. Captioning sponsored by NEWSHOUR PRODUCTIONS, LLC Captioned by Media Access Group at WGBH access.wgbh.org

>> THIS IS "BBC WORLD NEWS AMERICA."

>> FUNDING OF THIS PRESENTATION IS MADE POSSIBLE BY -- THE FREEMAN FOUNDATION, NEWMAN'S OWN FOUNDATION -- GIVING ALL PROFITS FROM NEWMAN'S OWN TO CHARITY AND PURSUING THE COMMON GOOD, KOVLER FOUNDATION, PURSUING SOLUTIONS FOR AMERICA'S NEGLECTED NEEDS, AND MUFG.

>> THEY SAY THE OLDEST TREES BEAR THE SWEETEST FRUIT. AT MUFG, WE HAVE BELIEVED IN NURTURING BANKING RELATIONSHIPS FOR CENTURIES, BECAUSE STRONG FINANCIAL PARTNERSHIPS ARE BES