The NewsHour With Jim Lehrer : WETA : November 16, 2009 7:00pm-8:00pm EST; The NewsHour With Jim Lehrer

Captioning sponsored by MacNEIL/LEHRER PRODTIONS >Lehrer: GOOD EVENING. I'M J LEHRER. ON THE NEWSHOUTHIS MONDAY, THE LEAD STORY: PSIDENT OBAMA IN CHINA, WHERE HE TALKEDO STUDENTS ABOUTREEDOM AND CENSOHIP.

>> THE MORE IORMATION FLOWSTHE STRONGER THE SOCIETY BECOMES.

>> Lehrer: AFTER THE OTR NEWS OF THE DAY, WE'LL HAVE BIG CTURE LOOK AT U.S.-CHINA RETIONS, AND A SAMPLING OF HOW PEOPLE IN BEIJING VIEW THE AMERICAN PSIDENT. THEN, GWEN ILL UPDATES THE GENERAL TORS BANKRUPTCY, AS IT ANUNCES PLANS TO BEGIN PAYING OFF ITS BAILOUT BT TO THE DERAL GOVERNMENT. ELIZABETHRACKETT REPORTS ON THE DEBATE ABOUT OIL MINED CADA AND REFINED IN THE U.S. AND JEFFREY BROWN TAL TO AUTHOROBERT EDSEL ABOUT HIS EW BOOK ON ART THAT WAS LOOT BY THE NAZIS IN RLD WAR II. MAJOR FUNDING FOR THE WSHOUR WITH JIM LEHRER IS PVIDED BY:

>> WHAT THEORLD NEEDS NOW IS NERGY. THE ENERGY TGET THE ECONOMY MMING AGAIN. THE ENERGY TO TACKLE CLLENGES LIKE CLATE CHANGE. WHAT IF THAT ENERGY ME FROM AN ENERGYOMPANY? EVERY DAY CHEVRON INVESTS $62 MILLIOIN PEOPLE, IN IDEAS-- SEING, TEACHING, BUILDING. FUELG GROWTH AROUND E WORLD TO MOVES ALL AHEAD. THIIS THE POWER OF HUMAN ENEY. HEVRON. D BY TOYOTA. AND MONSANTO. D BY GRANT THORNTON.

>> AND BY THE BILL AND LINDA GATES FOUATION. DEDICATED THE IDEA THAT ALL PEOPLE DESERVTHE CHANCE TO LIVE AEALTHY, PRODUCTIVE LIFE. AND WITH THE ONGOING PPORT OF THESE ITITUTIONS AND FNDATIONS. AND... THIS PROAM WAS MADE POSSIBLE BY THE CORPOTION FOR PUBLIBROADCASTING. AND BY CONTRIBUTIONSO YOUR PBS STATION FROM VIEWERS LE YOU. THANK YO Lehrer: PRESIDENT OBAMA EGAN A THREE-DAY VISITO CHINA TODAY WITH A CALL FOR COOPERATI. BUT HE ALSO PRODDED THE COMMUNIST GOVERNMENT TO SCLE CK CENSORSHIP AND TO TOLERA MORE CRITICISM. NEWSHOU CORRESPONDENT KWAME HOLMAN HAS OUR LEADTORY PORT.

>> THE PRESIDENT ARRIVEDN THE WOR'S MOST POPULOUS COUNTRY ON NDAY AIMING TO BUILD ON A GROWING U.S.-INA RELATIONSHIP. BIG ISSUES DOTTED HIS ENDA TODAY TH CHINESE PRESIDENT TAFROM TRADE TO CLIMATE CHANGE TO THE ECOMY. AND AT THEIR RST MEETING IN BEIJING Mr. OBAMA SGHT ENLIST CHINA'S HELP ROSS-THE-BOARD.

>> IHINK THE WORLD RECOGNIZES THE IMPORTANCE THE U.S.-CHINA RELAONSHIP, NOT ONLY FOR THE OSPERITY AND SERITY OF OUR TWO COUNTRIES, BUT ALSBECAUSE SO MANY OF T WORLD'S CHALLENS CANNOT BE SOLVED UNLESS THE UNITEDTATES AND CHINA WORK TOGETHER R.

>> Reporter: BUTHERE WAS ANOTR CHALLENGE, HOW TO ADDRESS CHINA RECORD ON HUMAN RIGHTS. THE PSIDENT BROACHED THE TOPIAT A TOWN HALL MEETING WITH UNIVERSITSTUDENTS IN SHANGHAI EARLI IN THE DAY.

>> DO NOT SEEK TO IMPOSE ANY SYSM OF GOVERNMENT ON ANY OTHER NATIO BUWE ALSO N'T BELIEVE THAT E PRINCIPLESS THAT WE STAND FOR ARE UNIQ TO OUR NATIO THESE FREEDOMS OF EXPRESON AND WORSP, OF ACCESS TO INFORMATION AND POLITICAL PARTICIPATION, WE BELVE, ARE UNIVERSAL RIGHTS. THEY SHOULD BAVAILABLE TO ALL PPLE, INCLUDING ETHNIC AND REGIOUS MINORITIES WHETHER THEY E IN THE UNITED STATES, CHA OR ANY NATION.

>> Reporte FOLLOWING PAST ACTICE FOR SUCH EVENT CHINESE AHORITIES DETAINED DOZENS OF HUMAN RITS ACTIVISTS IN VANCE OF THE PRESINT'S VISIT. Mr. OBAMA DID NOT MENTI THE CRACKDOWN BUT DID CHIDE THE CHINE GOVERNMENT FOR INTERNET NSORSHIP. CHINA HAS 250 MILON INTERT USERS BUT ALSO EMPLOYS THE WOD'S TIGHTEST CONTROLS OVER WEB ACCS.

>> I AM A G BELIEVER IN TECHNOLOY. AND I'M A BIG LIEVER IN OPENNS WHEN IT COMES TO THE FLOW OF INFORMATN. I THINK THAT THE MOREREELY INRMATION FLOWS, THE STRONGER THE SOCIE BECOM. BECAUSE THEN CITIZENS OF COUNTRIES AROUNTHE WORLD CAN HOLD THEIR OWN GOVERNMENTS ACCOUNTABLE. EY CAN BEGIN TO THINK FOR THEMSELVES. THAT GENERATES NEW IDS. IT ENCOUAGES CREATIVIT >>orter: THE PRESIDENT SUGGESTEDS COMMUNIST RULERS SHOU HAVE NOTHING TO FEAR FR MORE OPENNESS. HEITED CRITICISM HE FACES AT HOME.

>> THE TRUTH IS THAT BECAU IN THE UNITED STATES INFORMATION IS FREE D I HAVE A LOT OF ITICS IN THE UTED STATES WHO CAN SAY ALL KINDS OF THINGS OUT ME, I ACTUALLY THINK TH THAT MAKES O DEMOCRACY STRONGER. AND IT MAKES ME A BETTE LEADER BECAE IT FORCES ME TO HEAR OPINIONSHAT I DON'T WANT TO HEAR. >>eporter: IT WAS UNCLEAR HOW MANY CHINESE WERE EXPOSED TO MrOBAMA'S OPINIONS. THE TOWN HALWAS CARRIED ON ON LOCAL TELEVISION IN ANGHAI, AND INTERNET FEED WAS AVAILABLE BUT E VIDEO REPORTLY WAS CHOPPY AND HARD TO HEAR. BUT THE CHINESE LEADERSHIP CLEARLY WATCHED WHEN TEY MELATER IN BEIJING PRESIDENT HCALLED THE TOWN HALL QUITE LIVELY.

>> THIS IS THE THIRD TME PRESIDENT OBAMA HAS MET WITH HU SINCE Mr. OAECAME PRESIDENT. IT COMES AT A TIME OF GROWININTERDEPENDENCE. CNA HAS BECOME A MAJOR FUNDER OF U.S. GOVERNMENT DEBT, AND THEARGEST COMMUTER OF AMERICAN GOOD AND SERVICE -- CONSUMEOF AMERICAN GOODS AND SERCES. AT THE SAME TIMEIEROF RAPID ECONOMIC GWTH HAVE MADE CHINA E WORLD'S LARGEST EMITTER OF CARB DIOXIDE CLOSELY FOLLOW BY THE UNITED STATE AT DAY'S TOWN HALL IN SHANGHAI Mr. OBAMA ACKNOWLEDGEDHE TWO NATIONS DIFFER OR HOW TO CUT CARBON EMISSNS. >>HE UNITED STATES HAS A HIGHLY DEVELOPED COTRY, AS I AID BEFORE PER CAPITA, CONSUMES MUCH MORE ENEY AND EMITS MUCH MORE GREEOUSE GASES FOR EACH INDIVIDUAL THAN DOES CHIN ON THE OER HAND CHINA IS GROWING A MUCH FASTER PACE AND IT HAA MUCH LARGER POLATION. SO UNLESS BOTH OOUR COUNTRIEARE WILLING TO TAKE CRITICAL STEPS IN DEALINWITH THIS ISSUE, WE WILL NOT BE ABLE TO RESVE IT.

>> Reporter: BUT GETTING CHINA'POLITICAL LEADERSHIP TO GOLONG ON CLIMATE CHANGE IS LIKE TO BE MUCH TOUGHER. AND THE PRESIDT ALSO WANTS THE CHINESE TO PRESSURERAN AND NORTH REA ON THEIR NUCLEAR PROGRAM. CHINE SPECIALIST MING WONG AT GEORGE MASON UNIVERSI IN VGINIA SAYS ENLISTING IJING'S HELP IS A LONG-TERM OJECT.

>> THE TWO COUNTRIES HAVE BECOME INCREDIBLY DEPENNT ON EACH OTHER. BUT THEY ALSO DIFFER IN VALUES AND SECURITY TERESTS. A SO THIS IS ANOTHER RELATIONSP WE CAN PUT IN CRUISE CONTROL. IT NEEDS CONSTANTTTENTION BYOP LEADERS FROM BOTH SIDES. AND IT IS NOT JUST A -- RELATIONSHITHERE ARE SO MANY ISSUES IN THE WORLD THAT REQUIRE MUTUAL UNDERSTANDING AND COOPERATION FROMOTH SIDES.

>> Reporter: THE PRESIDE FACES CHALLENS ACROSS ASI AT A SINGAPORE SUMMIT OVE THE WEEKEND REONAL LEADERS ACCUSED THE U.S. OF BECOMIN PORE PTECTIONIST ON TRADE.

>> WELL >Lehrer: WE'LL TALK MORE ABOU CHINA LATER THE PROGRAM. AND YOU CAN WATCH EXTDED EXCERPTS FROM OUR INTERVI WITH MING WAN OOUR WEB SITE, newshour.pbsrg. WE AL HAVE A LINK TO "FRONTLINE" FOR THSTORIES OF NINE YOUNG CHINESE PEOP COMING OF AGE IN TIME OF CHANGE. IN OTHER NEWS DAY, THE U.N. NUCLEAR AGENCY REPORT IRAN PLS TO START UP A NEW PLAN FOR ENRICHING URANI IN 2011. THE UNDERGROUND SITE HAD EN SECRET UNTIRECENTLY. THE REPORT SAIDNITIALLY THE SITE COULD PRODUCE ENOUGH ENRICHED URANM FOR ONE WARHEAD YEAR. IT ALSO SA THE DISCOVERY OF THE PLANT ISES "QUESTIONS ABOUT WHETHER THE WERE ANY OTHER NUCLEAR FACILITS" THAT AN HAS NOT DECLARED. IRAN HAS INSTED ITS NUCLEAR PROGRAM IS SOLELY FOPEACEFUL PURPOSES. THE HEAD OF FREH FORCES IN GHANISTAN ESCAPED A ROCKET ATTACK NORTHEAST OF ABUL TODAY. HE S MEETING WITH TRIBAL ELDERS EN TWO ROCKETS HIT A NEARBY MARKET. ATEAST 12 AFGHAN CIVILIANS DID, AND DOZENS MORE WERE WOUNDED. MEANWHILE, THE AFAN GOVERNMENT ANNOUNCEDA NEW UNIT TO FIGHT RAMPANT CORRUPON, UNDER MOUNTING INTERNATIONAPRESSURE. U.S. AMBASSADOR KARL KENBERRY WELCOD THE NEWS. NOW WH THE ELECTIONSVER AFGHANISTAN S AN IMPORTANT OPPORTUNY TO DECIDE ON NEW STEPS MEET THE CHAENGES AHEAD AS THE JUDGE THE PROSECUTORS AND THE INVESTIGARS THAT ARE HERE TODAY OW AND HAVE AMPLY DEMSTRATED IN THEIR DAILYORK, FIGHTING CORRUPTI IS PRIMARILY A MATEL -- MATTER OF WILLPOWER AND TEGRITY.

>> Lehrer: PUBLISHED REPOR LAST WEEK SAID AMBASSADOR EIKENBERRYAS WARNED AGAINST SENDING MORE U.S. TROO TO AFGHANISTAN UNTIL THE GOVENMENT CONFRONTSORRUPTION. IN IR, POLICE FOUND 13 BULLET- RIDDLED DIES, APPARENTLY A REVENGE ATTACK AGAINST SUIS WHO FOUGHTL-QAEDA. THE BODIES WERE RECOVERED IA SUNNI VILLAGE, WESTF BAGHDAD. LOCAL OFFICIALS SAID THE ATTACKERS WORE IRI ARMY UNIFORMS. THERE WAS ALSO FRESVIOLENCE TO THEORTH. A R BOMB TORE THROUGH A RKET IN KKUK, KILLING AT LEAST FIVE PEOPLE. E PRIME MINISTER OF AUSTRAL HAS APOGIZED TO TUSANDS OF ITISH ORPHANS. NEARLY 150,000ERE SENT TO BRTAIN'S COLONIES AFTER WORLD WAR II TO EASE PREURE ON SOCIAL SERVICES. MANY WERE BEEN OR SEXUALLY ABED. TODAY ICANBERRA, PRIME MINIST KEVIN RUDD OFFERED CONDONCES TO 7,000 OF THOSE CHILDREN-- NOW ADULTS-WHO STL LIVE IN AUSTRALIA.

>> WE COME TOGETHER DAY TO OFFER OUR NATION'S ALOGY, TO SAY TO YOU, THE FORGOTTEN AUSTRALIANS, AND THOSE O WERE SE TO OUR SHORES AS CHILDREN WITHOUT TIR CONSENT, THAT WE ARE SORRY-- SOR THAT AS CHIREN YOU WERE TAKEN FROM YOUR FAMILIES AND PLAD IN INSTITUTIONS WRE SO OFTEN YOU WERE ABED.

>> Leer: RUDD ALSO APOLOGIZED TO THOUSANDS OF SO-CALD "FORGOTTEN AUSALIANS." TY INCLUDE MORE THAN 500,00 AUSTRALIAN-BN CHILDREN ABUSED IN STATE CARE DURG THE 20th CENTUR >THE RULES ON MAMMOGRAMS MAY BE CHANGING IN A MOR HE VERSEAL. A GOVERENT TASK FORCE ANNOUND WOMEN SHOULD WAIT UNTIL E 50 TO GET THE ANNUAL BAST EXAM. IT SAID STAING AT AGE 40 TH STANDARD FOR MANY YEARS CAUSES TOO MANY FALSE ARMS. AND DOEMORE HARM THAN GOOD. THE AMICAN CANCER SOCIETY SHARPLY CRITIZED THE NEW GUIDELINES.

>> THE THE SCE SHUTTLE "ATLANTIS" WAS LAUNED TODAY ON ONE OF THE LAST FLIGHTSOR THE SHUTTLE PRRAM. THE SIX ASTRONAUTS BLTED OFF FROM CAPE CANAVERAL, FLODA, TO BEGIN 1DAYS IN ORBIT. THEY'LDELIVER A LARGE LOAD OF SPARE PARTS FOR THE INTERNAONAL SPACE STATION. ONLY SIX SHUTTLFLIGHTS REMAIN ON THE SCHEDULE. THE FLEET IS SCHEDUD TO BE RETIRED IN 20. INCONOMIC NEWS, FEDERAL RESERVE CHAIRMAN BERNANKWARNED E RECOVERY MAY NOT BE AS STRONG AS FIRST HOPED NEW YORK CITY, HE POINTED T A WK JOB MARKET AND TIGHT CREDITAND SAID "FUTURE TBACKS ARE POSSIBLE." BERNKE ALSO PLEDGED TO WATCH THE SDING U.S. DOLLAR. ON WALL STREET, COODITY PRICES MED HIGHER, AND THAT HELPED ERGY AND MATERIALS STOCKS. THE DOW JONES INDUSTRIAL AVAGE GAINED 136 POINTS TO OSE JUST UND 10,406. THE NASDAQ ROSE ARLY 30 POINTS TO CSE AT 2197. AND STILL TO ME ON THE NEWSHOUR TONHT, CHINESE VOIC; GENERAL MOTORS' TURNAROUND; CADA'S OIL SANDS; AND ART RECOVEREFROM THE NAZS. THAT FOLLOWS TAKE TWON CHINA, BIG PICTURE LOOK AT ITS RELATIONSHIP WITH THEU.S. IT COS FROM JAMES FALLOWS OF THE "ATLANTIC" MAGINE, WHO RECENT RETURNED FROM LIVING IN CHINA. MINXIN PEI, A PROFESSOR GOVERNMENT AT CLEMONT MCKENNA COLLEGE IN CALIFORNIA. HE'S BEEN ANYZING CHINA FOR THE US SINCE THE DA OF TIANMEN SQUARE. AND NEAL FERGUSON, AN THOR AND PROFESS OF GOVERNMENT AT HARVARD UNIVERSITY. HIS MOST RECENTOOK IS "THE ASCENT OF NEY." SPACE JIM FALWS FIRST, SHOULD INA BE SEEN AS ARIEND OR AN ENEMY OF THE UNITED STATE

>> WELL, PROBABLY NEITR OF OSE DIRECTLY. IT'S BOTH AN IMPORTT PARTNER FOR THE U.S. IN COUNTLS WAYS. AS WEEARD PRESIDENT OBAMA SAYININ CLIMATE ISSUEAND THE ENVIRONMENAL ISSUES IF THE CHINA AND U.S. DON'T WORK TOGETHER IT LL BE DIFICULT FOR ANYONE ELSE TO DO ANHING. DURING THEINANCIAL CRIESS IT WAS CRIAL FOR CHINA TO WORK WI WESTERN COUNTRIES AS WELL. BUT THERE ARE DFERENCES OF POLITICAL VALUES AND STRATEGIC INTEREST. SO IT IS A PARTNER AND AO, YOU KNOW, A COENDER IN VARIOUS WAYS. AND I THK THE CHALLENGE OVER THE LAST 30 YEARS A FOR YEARS TO CE IS TO KEEP BOTH OF THOSE ASPEC IN MIND AT THE SAME TIME

>> Lehrer: Mr. PEI,OULD YOU AGREE WI JIM FALLOWS THAT A CONTEND -- PARTNER.

>> S, BUT I WOULD A WORD "LIMITED" BEFORE PANER. BECAUSE CHINA CABE A PARTNER BUT CHINAAS ITS OWN INTERES AND IT IS NOT GOING TOET E U.S. DICTATE WHAT CHINS INTERESTS ARE. AS A RESULT, IF YOU LOOK HAT CHINA IS DOING, WHERE CHA CAN BE HELPFUL, CHINA ALWAYS PUTS ITS OWN TIONAL INTERE AHEAD OF AMERICAN CONCER. SOTHE U.S. CAN BE SAPPOINTED IF IT PLAY ACES TOO MUCH HOPE ON CHINBEING HELPFUL. >>Lehrer: PROFESSOR FERGUSON, WHAT TERMS WOULD YOU USE?

>> LL, I RATHER LIKE THE WORD FRENEMY BECAE THERE IS A DIMSION OF FRIENDSHIP AND A DIMENSION OF RIVRY IN THIS RELATISHIP. I HAVE TALD ABOUT I-MERICA AS A SINGLE ECONO, CHINA PLUS AMERICA IS A KEYRIVER TO THE EXPANSION OF THDECADE FROM '98 TO 200 AND STILL IN VERY MANY WAYS THKEY TO THE WAY THAT THE GLOB ECONOMY WORKS TODAY WITH THE CHINESE PORTS, HE U.S. IMPORTING A HUGE TRADE DEFICIT BETWE THE UNITED STATES AND CHINA AND CHINA INTEENING IN INTEATIONAL CURRENCY MKETS IN ORDER TO KEEP ITS N CURRENCY WEAK. BUT EREBY FINANCING AT LEAST A PART OF THE U.S. DEFICIT. CHINA HAS COME THE BANKER TO T UNITED STATES. AND ITS POLICY OF RESERVE ACCUMULATION HAS PRIDED US NEARLY $2 TLLION WORTH OF EFFECTIVELY CHE OR IF NOT FREE CREDIT TO THE UNIED STATES. SO THIIS A VERY PARADOXICAL RELATNSHIP AND I WOU LIKEN IT PERHAPS TO A MARRIAGE THATAS ONCE HAPPY BUT IT ISOW APPROACHI A RATHER ROCKY PERIOD INOT DIVORCE.

>> Lehr: ROCKY PERIOD IF NOT A DIVORCE, JIM FALLO.

>> I THINK DIVCE, YOU CAN IMAGINE THAT ONLY ASN EXTRE CIRCUMSTANCES. R EXAMPLE, A DISAGREEMENT OVER TAIWAN WHICH REMAINS A CONTENTIOUS ISSUE OSOME OTHER POLITICAL SHOCK. AND OTHERWISE THERE AREEAL IMLANCES TO BE WORKED OUT. AS WE'VE HEARD, OVERHE LAST DECADE CHINA S GEARED ITS ECONOMY TO CREATE AS MANJOBS AS IT COULD EVEN THOUGH THAT MNT SENDING IN ABOUT LF OF THE ENTIRE WORTH OF ITS PRODUION OVERSEAS IN LOANSO THE U.S. A OTHER PLACES. AND CHEERLTHE IMBALANCE FOR CHINA IN THE DISION PORES OF THE ECOMY AND THE U.S. ONAVING SUCH A RELIANCE ON CONSUMPTION A DEBT. EACH HAS TO BE WORKED OUT I THINK PROFESSOR PEI, I THINK CHINA WL PURSUE ITS OWN INTEREST FIRST, THAT I PROBABLY TRUE OF EVY GREAT POWER. SO THE TRICK WITH THE U.S. AND CHINA TO HAVE AN UNDERSTANDIN THAT EACH OF TH WILL HAVE ITS OWN IEREST PARAMOUNT, FINDING WAY TO MO MORE IN COMMON DICTIONS THAN OPPOSING DIRECTIONS AM I DO THINK THAT IS POSSIBLE.

>> PROFESR PEI, HOW DO YOU THINK PRIDENT OA'S WORDS TODAY ABOUT UNIVERSAL RIGH THE CERPT THAT WE JUST SAW FROM WHAT THE PRESIDENT ID IN SNGHAI TO THAT GROUP OF STUDENTS, HOW DO YOUHINK THAT LL GO DOWN WITH THE LEADERSP OF CHINA.

>> WELL, IS TO THE GOING TO GOOWN WELL. BUT THINK PRESIDENT OBAMA HAS STRUCK THE RIGHT TONE. HE HAS AFFIRMED AMERICAN VALUES WITHOUT BEING T CONFRONTATNAL. OF COURSE T CHINESE GOVEMENT DOES NOT REACT POSITIVELY OCOMFORTABLY WIH THAT KIND OF ASSERTION PUBLICLY. THAT IS WHY, PERHAPS, THEY DID NOT ALLOW HIM HAVE TELEVISED TOWN HALLEETING IN SHAHAI POD.

>> Lehrer: IS THAT JUST KIND OF A VEN, PROFESSOR PEI, TT THERE IS ALWAYS GOINTO BE THIS DIFFERENCE OF OPINION, SERIOUS DIFFEREN OF OPINION ABOUT DHINSDS OF ISSUES, A PUT THEM ASIDE AND MOVE ON T THE OTHER THINGS LIK ECOMICS AND CLIMATE CHANGE AND ALL T OTHERS?

>> NO, I INK THESE ISSUES, DIFFERENCES INALUES, WHEN YOU LOOK HOW U. CHINA RELATIONSHIP, YOU WILFIND THIS ANOMAL OTH COUNTRIES HAVE OVERLAPNG INTERESTS. IN MANY, MANY AAS BUT BOTH COUNTRIELACK STRATEGIC FUNDAMENTAPOLITICAL TRUST. IF YODON'T HAVE TRUST, YOU CANNOT ACTUALLY ME ON THESEMPORTANT ISSUES.

>> GO AHEAD, I'MORRY.

>> N I'M DONE. >>ehrer: DO YOU AGREE WITH THAT, PROFESSOR FERGUSON, THERE HAS GOT TO BE TRUST THIISN'T GOING TO WORK?

>> LL, I HAVE TO SAY THAT I BY PRESIDE OBAMA'S FOREIGN POLICY CURRENTLY CONSISTS OF KING SHY FA LOOTIN SPEEES AROUND THE WORLD FROM CAI TO SNGHAI. I THINKE HAS HIS IORITIES WRONG HERE. THERARE TWO IMPORTANT ITEMSTHAT SHOULD BE RIGHT AT THE TOP OF THE CHINESE-AMERAN AGENDA. NUMBEONE IS GETTING THE CHINESE TO END THIS CRAZY POLICY WHERE THEIR CURRENC IS PEGGED TO OURS AN WN THE DOLLAR WEAKENS SO ES EIR CURRENCY AT A TIME WHEN IT SULD CLEARLY BEEN STRENGTHENING, NOT WEAKENING. AND NUMBER TWO TO GETHE CHNESE TO LINE UP ON A MEANINGFUWAY ON IRAN. NOW IF HIS GOING TO MAKE SPEECHES ABOUT HUMANIGHTS THEN HE MUST KW THE CHINESE WILL SIMPLY DISMIS OUT OF HAND, I THINK IS WATING VALUABLE TIME ON AT IS REALLY ONE OF THE MOST IMPORTA DIPLOMATIC INITIIVES OF THIS PRESIDENCY. >Lehrer: YOU DON'T THINK THERE IS ANY WAY, PFESSOR FERSON, CHINA WILL EVER GO ALONG ON IRAN AND SOME OF THESETHER -- AND SOME OF THESE OTR ISSUES THAT JIM FALLO ALSO MENTIONED, TIBET, THE DAL LAMA, NORTH KOREA, YOU GO DOWN ROUGH THE LIST?

>> I THINK IRAN IS THEOST IMPORTANT OF THE ISSUES RIGHT NOW BECAE IT'S HIGHLY UNSTLE SITUATION IN TIE RAN. ERE ARE CLEARLY ELEMENTS WITHIN THE REGIME AT ARE PRESSI AHEAD WITH THEIR NUCLEAR ARMS PROGRAM. AND THE CRITICAL THING ITO LE UP A MEANINGFUL INTERNATIOL COALITION GAINST THIS, TO MAKE THE SANCTIONS ACTUALLBITE. PRESIDT OBAMA GOT SOMEWHERE WITH T RUSSIANS. T HE'S GOING TO GET VERY MUCH FAR WITH THE CHINESE IF HE PRESSES THESE KINDS OF DOMESTIC POLITICAL QUESTIONS. BECAUSE THAT IS NOT WHAT THE CHINESE A INTERESTED IN HEARING ABOUT. D I THINK THAT JUST LOOKING FOR TROUE.

>> Lehrer: LOOKG FOR TROUBLE, M FALLOWS, IS --

>> I SEE IT A LITTLE DIFFERENTLY. I S STRUCK IN FACT BY THE CONTUITY BETWEEN PRESIDENT OBAMA'SEACH AND WHAT THEIR MOST RECENT PRESIDENTUSH HAD SAID AND PRESIDENT CLINN BEFORE HIM. D THAT THROUGH MOST OF THE TIME OF THE U.S.-INA OPENING IN THE ST 30ERS. >>, AMERICAN PRESIDENTSAVE EMPHASIZED THE AREAS FOR POTENTIAL OPERATION, LARGE ECONOMIC, ALSO STRATEGIC. WE SEE WAYS IN WHICH POTENTIALLY CHINA CANBE PART OF THE SLUTION RATHER TH THE PROBLEM IN IRAN AN NORTH KOREA AND OTHE PLACES. CERTAINLY ON THE ENVIRONMENT. BUT EVERY U.S. PRIDENT HAS DE CLEAR THERE ARE ARE WHERE WE DISAGREE. AFT PRESIDENT GEORGE W. BUSH'LAST VISIT TO CHINA HE GAVE A BIG SPEECIN BANGKOK BEFORE HIS ARRIVAL WERE THE IMPORTANCE OF LIBERTY AND FREEDOM. THE HE WAS IN CONTINUI IN HOWING THE UNITED STATES STANDS R CERTAIN POLITICAL VALUES WE'LLTATE THOSE THINGS AND E ARE ALSO LOOKING FOR COORATION, ECONOMIC AND STRATEGIC WITH CHIN

>> IT IS BETTERO GIVE THOSE SPEECHS BANGKOK RATHER THANN CHINA ITSELF. THE BUSH ADMINISTRATION MA VARIOUS PRONOUNCEMENTS IN CHINA TOO. THE POINT IS TS IS VERY MUCH LIKEHAT WE HAVE HEARD FROM AMERICAPRESIDENTS OVER THE LAST 25 YEARS.

>> Lehrer: PROSSOR PEI, LET MOVE TO THE MILITARY PART OF THE STRENGTH, T GROWING STENGTH OF CHINA. SHOULD IT BE SEEN AS A POTENTIAL MILITA THREAT, NOT JUST -- NOTO THE UNED STATES PER SE BUT TO U.S. INTERESTS IN THATART OF THE WORLD?

>> CHINA'S MILITARY MODERNIZATION HAS AROUSED LOT OF SUSPICION AND CONCERNS NOT JT IN THE U.S. MILITARBUT AROUND CHNA'S -- AMONG CHINA'S NEIGHBORS. SO IF YOU TALK ABOUT A POTENTIAL THREAT T IS CERINLY A POTENTIAL THREAT TO CHINESE NGHBORS LIKE JAPAN, INDIA, TAIWAN, AND UTHEAST ASIA. BUT THE PROBLEWITH CHINA'S MILITARY MODERNIZATI IS NOT THE SPD OR THE SCOPE OF ITS MODERNIZION, BUT ITS TRANSPARENCY AND INA'S STRATEGIC INTENTION. WHAT WILL CHINA WITH ITS INCREASED CAPABILITIES. AND THAT'S AN AREA PROBAB PRESIDT OBAMA WILL TOUCH UPON ON HISISIT. Lehrer: WHAT IS YOUR VIEW OF THAT, PROFESR PEI, DO YOU BELIEVE THAT THE CHINESE LEADERIP IS INTERESTED IN FOOLINGROUND IN OTHER COUNTRIES MILITARILY IIT GETSHE STRENGTH TO DO SO?

>> NO, I TNK THE CHINESE LEADERSHIPS VERY DOMESTICALLY CUSED. AND ONE OFHE LESSONS THEY HAVE LEARNED FROM THE SIET CLS IS IMPERIAL OVERREACH. AND THEBELIEVE THAT THE SOVIEUNION COLLAPSED BECAUSE IT SPENT T MUCH ON THE MILITARAND SUPPORT THE ROGUE RIEGE -- REGIMES AROD THE WORLD TO ITS OWN CAUSE AND FINLY THE SOVIET UNION HAD TOO MANY MILITARY COMMMENTS AROUND. I DO NOT BELIEVE IN THE FORESEEABL FUTURE CHINA WOULD LIKE TO ITSXPAND ITS MILITARY FOOTPRINT AROUND THE WORLD.

>> Lehrer: PROFESSOR FERGUSON, HOW DO YOU S THAT?

>> I THINK THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN OUR SITUATION DAY AND ANY PVIOUS PERIOD SINCE E OPENING OF CHINA IN T EARLY 1970s IS THAT BECAUSE OF THE FINANCIAL CRISIS,HINA'S ECONOMIC --. >>Lehrer: I MEAN ON THE MILITARY.

>> BUT BEAR MIND THAT THE ENOMICS ARE CRUCIAL HERE FOR THE FIRST TIME IN ER 100 YEARSCHINA'S ECONOMY IS LIKELY TO BECOMTHE SAME SIZE AS THUNITED STATES WITHIN, WELL,T COULD BE IN THE 2020s. THEY ARE NOW EMBKING ON A MAJOR EXPANSION OF THR VAL CAP PABLTS BEGINNING WITSUBMARINES AND PROBABLY MOING ON TO AIRCRAFT CARRIERS. THAT MEANS BY THE 20s CHA WILL NO LONGER BE JUST A FRENEMY USE THAT UNFORTUTE WORD, IT WILL BE A STRATEGICIVAL IN ASIA-PACIFIC ANDERHAPS FURTR A FIELD.

>> Lehrer: BUT DIDOU THINK TO THE QUESON THAT I RAISED WITH PROFESSORPEI, DO YOU BELIEVEHERE IS AN INCLINATION ON THE PART OF THE CHAIN EASE TO TINKER WIH OTHER COUNTRIES THAT ARE MORE IERNATIONAL INGS USING ITS MILITARY STRENGTHS IT BUILDS IN THE 2020s AS YOU SA OR ARE THEY GOING TO BE MORE DOMESTICALLORIENTED THE WAY PROFESSOR PEI BELIEVE IT LOOKSHAT WAY NOW.

>> IS CLEARLY NOT SOTHING THAT THE PRESIDENT GENERATION OF CNESE LEADERS ARE THKING OF DOING. BUT I THINK WE HAVE TOOOK HEAD A COUPLE OF DECADES D ASK OURSELVES WHAT THE NEXT GENERATN OF CHINA'S LEADERINGILL BE DOING PARCULARLY WHEN THEIR COUNTRY IS BOUND TO RUN INT SERIOUS INTERNAL PROBLEM NOT LEAST BECAU OF THE HUGE SOCIAL IMICATION AND ENVIRONMENTADISLOCATION OF THEIR ACCELERATED GWTH POLICY. NOW MY CONCERN IS THAT NAONALISM IS REALLY THE THING THAT BINDSHINA TOGETHER TODAY. IT'S NO LONG IDEOLOGY. AND IF THE ECONOMENGINE SHOULD FALTER IT WILBE VERY TEMPTINGOR CHINA TO ME ON TO A SOMEWHAT MORE AGGRESSIVEOREIGN POLICY COURSE. BUT THIS IS NOT SOMETHIN FOR TODAY'S LEADERS, IT SOMEING FOR THE NEXT GENERATION.

>> Lehrer: WHAT DO YOU THIN ABOUT THAT JIM FLOWS.

>> I THINMY IMPRESSION IS CLOSER TO PROFESSOR PEIS. AND I THINK THATS THE GENERAL VIEWF PEOPLE WITH EXPERIENCENSIDE CHINA. THE NATIONALISM THAT IT HAS AROUS IN CHINA IS USUALLY N RESPONSE TO SOME KIND OF PERCEIVED, YOU KNOW, DISRESPECT FROM THE OUTSIDE WORLD. AND SO MUCH OF THE ENERGYS ON TRYING TO DEVELOP E ECOMY AND KEEP THE THING GOG FOR A WHILE. SO I THINK THAT IS WHI YTHING IS POSSIBLE IN THE FUTURE FOR THE FORESEEABLE FUTUREFOR TEN OR 15 OR 20 YEAR MILITARY CHALLENGES ARE NOT THE MAIN ING WE SHULD BE CONCERNED ABOUT WITCHINA, THE EXCEPTION OF TAIWA

>> -- NOT IN LARGER WAYS.

>> Lehr: WE'VE LOST -- NO, OU ARE BACK, YOU ARE BACK. THANYOU, JIM FALLOWS AND PROFESSORS PEIND FERGUSON, THANK YOU ALL REE VERY MUCH.

>> THANK YOU.

>> THANK YOU.

>> THANK YOU.

>> Lehrer: AND ME OTHER THOUGHTS ABOUT THE PRIDENT'S VISIT TO CHA. THEY COME FROM BEIJING SIDENTS WHO TALKED TO GLOBAL POST CORRESPONDENT JOSH SHIN LAST WEEK. GLOBALOST IS AN INTERNATIONAL NEWS WEB SITE. Reporter: OBAMA MERCHANDISE GENERALLY SELLS WELL IN CHINA. SO WE'VE ALWAYS SOLD OA POSTCARDS AND HER NICK KNAC. THE T-SHIRT ISOMETHING WE JUST CAME OUT WITH TS SUMMER.

>> IF BARA OBAMA TAKES A STROLL DOWN THE LIE WAYS OF OLD BJING HE WILL FIND PLENTY OFHANCES TO BUY IMAGES HIMSELF. BUT WHAKIND OF RECEPTION CAN HE EXPECT FROM T PEOPLE WIOUT LIVE HERE AND WHAT ARE THE SUES THEY EXPECT HIM TO ADDRES. I TOOK OWN LITTLE STROLL TO FD OUT. DO YOU KNOW WHO THAMERICAN PRESIDT IS.

>> OBAMA. THAT'S RIGHT. WHAT KIND OF PERSON DO U THINK HE IS?

>> REGULAR PEOPLE DON'T UNDERSTAND MUCHBOUT HIM. >>PRESIDENT OBAMA IS A VERY PABLE, VERY SKILLFUL PSIDENT.

>> MY IMA OF PRESIDENT OBAMA IPRETTY GOOD. BECAU FROM THE SKIN COLOR PERSPECTIVE, HE'S BLACK.

>> ERALL I'M NOT VERY SATISFIED. BECAUSE RECTLY, FOR EXAMPLE, WITH THE FINCIAL CRISIS,BAMA HAS ENGAGED IN RADE PROTECTIONISM IN THE INTERESTOF HIS OWN COUNTRY'S ECONOMIC GROWTH

>> WHAISSUE IN THE U.S.-CHINA RELATIS DO YOU THK IS MOST WORTH PAYING ATTENTIOTO.

>> I TNK IT'S THE TAIWAN QUESON. TAIWAN BELONGS TO THE CHINE PEOPLE. WE'LL NEVER GIVE HER . SHE'S PART OF CHINSE TERRITORY. SHE'S A MEMBER OF OUR FAMIL BUT AMICA IS ALWAYS SELLING HER WEAPON WE FINTHAT HARD TO UNDERSTAND. AND TO ADJUST T BALANCE BETWEEN COUNTRIES. R EXAMPLE, NORTH KOREA, PAKISTAN, AL QEDA. ALL KINDS OF PROBLE. CO TO CHINA, COORDINATE THIN A LITTLE.

>> OBAMA COMINTO CHINA, I THINK IT'S MAINLY IENDED TO HELP THE U.S. ECONY. DOEST HE NEED CHINAA TO KEP BUYING U.S. DEBT. THINK THAT'S THE REASON HE'S HERE. BUT FROM THE RSPECTIVE THE ENVIRONME, AND NEW SOURCES OF ENERG I THINK OBAMAND CHINA WILL MAKE PROGRESS. BECAUSE THIS IS A PIC CHINESE ADERS ALSO CARE ABOUT.

>> IF YOU WERE PO RUN INTO OBAMA AND D TIME TO ASK ONE QUESTION, WHA QUESTION WOULYOU ASK HIM.

>> WOULD ASK HIM ABOUT TAIWAN. HIS ECONOMIC POLICY, WHA I MEAN IS, HOW DDEVELOP HAND-IN-HAND WITH CHA'S ECONOMY. > HOW WELL DOES HE UNDERSTD CHINA? THAT IS, OVER THE COURSE OF HIS LIFE. WHAT SOROF IMPRESSION HAS CHINA LEFT ON HIM. BEAUSE I FEEL REGULAR ERICANS PROBABLY DON'T UNDERSTAND ENOUGH ABO CHINA.

>> I WOULD ASKIM WHAT HE THOUGHT OFUR MERCHANDISE.

>> DO YOU THINK HE WOULD LIKE IT OROT? I THINK HE WOULD LAUGH.

>> YOU CAN FIND A LK TO THE GLOBALPOST >Lehrer: YOU CAN FIND A LINK TO THE GLOBAL POST W SITE ON OUR O, newshour.pbs.org. Lehrer: NEXT TONIGHT, GWEN IFILL UPDATES THE GENERAL MOTORS STORY, ITS PRRESS ON BOTH THE USINESS AND BAILOUT FRONTS. Ifill: THE BAD NEWS: GENER MOTS ANNOUNCED TODAY THAT IT'S LOST MORE THAN A BILLION LLARS SINCE JULY. THE GOOD NEWS: IN SPITE OTHAT, G.M. CHIEF EXECUTIVE FRIT HENDERSON SAID THEROUBLED AUTO COMPANY WILL PAY BACK ABOU A BILLION DOLLARS IT BORROD FROM THE FEDERAL GOVERNME, FIVE ARS AHEAD OF SCHEDULE. HENDERSON W ASKED TODAY ABOUT THE TIMING OF T ANNOUNCEMENT.

>> I'VE PROBABLY BEENSKED THE QUESTION SINCE THE BANKRUCY, I DON'T KNOWMAYBE 100 TIMES: WHEN ARE YOU GOING TO ART PAYING BACK E TAXPAYER? THENSWER IS NOW. I THINK IT'S A COMMITNT OF THE COMPANY THAT WE NEED TO SRT DOING THIS AND E BEST PLACE TO START IWITH THE LN AND TO AGREE TO AEPAYMENT SCHEDULE AND BEGIN THE PROCESS. E ABSOLUTELY FELT THIS IS TH RIGHT THING TO .

>> Ifill: FOR MORE ONHE GENER HEALTH OF GENERAL MOTORS, M JOINED NOW BY DAVID SHEPARDS OF THE "DETROIT NEWS."

>> WCOME.

>> HI.

>> SO BASICALLY GM ED TAXPAYER NEY TO PAY BACK TAXPAYER MONEY S AT RIGHT? >>IN A NUTSHELL. I MEAN SICALLY THE U.S. GOVERNMENT GAVE GENERAL MORS ABOUT $50 BILLION IN XPAYER LOANS STARTING IN DECEMBER ANGOING THROUGH JULY. AT THE END OF THEIR BANKRUPT THEY GAVE THEM $16 BILLION IN EXI FINANCING. PUT THIS IN A SCIAL ACCOUNT THAT RUIRES GERNMENT APPROVAL TO SPEND THE MONEY IT WAFOR CONTINGENCIES, IF E ECONY REALLY WENT SOUTH, TO PAY VARIOUS OBLIGATIONS AND BECAUSE THIS HAVE GONE BETTER THAN GM AND THE TREASY EXPECTED, GM IS ING TO START USING THAT NEY TO PAY BACK THE LOAN AHEAD OSCHEDULE. SO IT DOESN'T MEAN THAT SOMEHOW THEY ARE PAYING DN THE LOAN OR TH SOMEHOW THE U.S. TAXPAY IS GOING TO COMPANY T A HEND IN THE END.

>> WELL, CERTAINLNOT AHEAD BUT LOOK GM HAS THIS MEY. THEY COULD HO ON TO IT. INITIAL IN JULY COMPANY EXECUTIVES SUGGESTEDHEY MIGHIN THE USE ANY OF THE MONEY TO PAY IT BACK. THEMIGHT USE IT FOR PENSION OBGATIONS OR OTHER EXPENSES. SO IT IS A SI THAT GM IS DOING TTER THAN EXPECTED. BUT IT'S NOTS IF THIS NEMONEY THAT GM AS -- HAS ENED TO PAY THE TAXPAYERS CK.

>> IT IS HARTO IMAGINE LOSINA BILLION DOLLARAND USNG IT TO PAY DOWN A LOAN. HOW DOES THIS COMPAREO THE GOOD NEWS AT FORD WHICH DID NOT TAKE GOVERNMENT BAILOUT MONEY, THAT THEY GAVES LAST WEEK.

>> FORD SURPRISED A L OF PEOPLE. THEY HAD A BILLION DLARS IN PROFITS. AND YOARE RIGHT, THEY HAVE BEEN DOING A LOOF LF-HELP MEASURES. THEY ARE REDUCING THEIDEBT BY TALKING TO THEIR BONDLDERS. THEY HAVE TTEN CONCESSIONS FROM THE UAW. AND WHAT FORD D WAS THEY WENT OUT SEVERAYEARS OKAY AND BORWED ON EVERY ASSET THEY HAVE INCLUDING THE BLU OVAL WHEREAS GM DIDN'T BORROW MONEY, WA TOAD LONG AND WHEN THEY WENT TO BORR MONEY, THE CREDIT CRISIS HAPPENED AND THEY COULDN'T BEFORE OWE YTHING.

>> DID THE CASH FOR CLUNKS PROGRAM IN WHICH PEOPLE WER ABE TO TURN OVER THEIR GAS GUZZLERS AND GET DES ON NEW VEHICLES, DID THAT LP GM WITH ITS BOTTOM LINE.

>> AOLUTELY. THERE WE THREE KEY THINGS. ON THE BANKRUPTCY WAS FAR SHORT THAN ANYBODY IMAGINE IT WAS ONLY AUT 40 DAYS RATHER THAN TO 90 DAYS. CASH FOR CLUNKERS SOLD ABUT 700,000 CARS. AND WHILDETROIT AUTO MAKE ARES REN'T HELPED AS MUCH JAPANESE AUTOMAKERS AND GERN AUTOMAKERS, IT DID GIVE TM A SHOT IN THE ARM. GM REOPENED ASSEMBLYANT PL, THEY ADDED MORE WORKS. SO YOU HAVE TO GIVE PART OF THE CEDE TO -- CREDIT DASH FOR CLUNKERS. IS GM STILL CONSIDERING THE POSSIBILITY OF GOI PUBLIC AT SOME PNT.

>> THEY ARE GOING TO HAVEO YOU, YOU AND I OWN GM. WE OWN 61% OF GM ANTHE TREASURY WANTSO SELL AS FAST AS POSSIE BUT WHEN YOU OWTHAT MUCH STOCK IT TAKES AN AWFUL LONGIME. AT THE EARLIESIT WOULD BE IS NEXJUNE, JULY, SOMETIME IN T SECOND HALF OF 2010. THAT COULD BE PUSD BACK, YOU KNOW, BECAUSTHE ECONOMY IS WE AND IT UNCLEAR WHAT THE APPETE IS TO INVEST IN GM FROM IESTORS AT THIS POINT.

>> BECAUSE YOU AND OWN 61% OF GM, I LE THINKING ABOUT IT AT WAY FOR A MOMENT, IS IT POSH THAT WEOULD CALL IN OUR LOAN, WEOULD SELL A PORTION OF GM BEFORE TH HAD A CHANCE TO GO YOU BELICK?

>> THAT WAS AN IDEA AT SENATOR ALEXANDER FROM TENNESSEE SUGGESD, BASICALLY TAKINALL OF THE SHARES OF STOCK, CTRIBUTE THEM TO ERY TAXPAYER IN AMERICA. HASN'T GOTTEN MUCH TRACTION. I MEAN THE OBAMA ADMINISTRATION WANTS TO LL, BASICALLY EP THE COMPANY IN SOLID FOOTING, YOU KNOW, IN ANRDINARILY PROCESS AND E ARGUMENT AGAINST THAT IS IF YOU HAVE 20MILLION TAXPAYERS EACH SELLING SHARES HOW WOULD YOUHAT WORK T WOULD BE AWFLY COMPLICAD.

>> THAT NOT A REAL POSSIBILITY.

>> IT DOESN'T SEEM REASTIC NOW. EVEN IF GM WERE TO START AHEAD OF SCHEDULEEPAYING THE GOVERNMT LOAN, HITCH COULD THE TAXPAYER STILL BE ON THE HOOK FOR ASSUMING IN THE BEST CASE SCENARIO.

>> GREAT QUESTION. I MEAN SO THERE WA50 BILLION IN LOS. THE TAXPAYER SWAPED BASICALLY -- 42 BILLION DOLLARS OF THE LOANS FOR THAT 61% STAKE. SO WE DON'T HAVE A LOAN ANY MORE. WE HAVE A LOAN FOR .7 BILON. WE HAVE SOME PREFERRED STO T THAT IS THE KEY NUMBER, 6.7 BILLN. THAT IS THE NUMBER GMILL PAY BACK. ORDER FOR US TO GET 9 REST OF THE MONEY BACK WHEN GM GOES PUBC, THOSE SHARES OF STOCK HAVE TBE WORTH ENOH TO EQUAL THAT $42 BILLION. ACCORDING TO THE GAOTHE NGRESSIONAL OVERSIGHT PAN AND THE FORMER AUTO CZAR, STEVRATNER, THEY ALL AGREE WE LOST SIZABLE AMOUNT, COULD BE AS MH AS 25 BILLION, BUT AS FRITZ HENDERSON SAID TODAY THEY'RE OUT TO PROVE GAO WRONG AND TO DO THAT THEY IMPRE THE COMPANY SO WHEN IT MES ME TO SET SHARES, THEY'RE WORTH MORE THANLL OF THESE GROUPS HAVE FOU SO FAR.

>> IMPROVING THE COMPANY, EXACTLY. WHAT ARE THEY DOING TSPEAK TO THE COMPETITIVE PRESSUS THATUT THEM IN THIS POSITION THEY ARE IN NOW.

>> THKEY IS NEW PRODUCTS, NEW LAUNCHES. SORT OF A COMMMENT TO, IN THE OLD DAYS GM WLD RUSH NEW MODELS OUT. ONE OF THEIR K MODELS IS CHEVY CZ WHICH IS A TRADITIONAL VEHIC, NOT A HYBRID, BUTT WILL GET ABOUT 40 MILES R GALLON. THEY DELAYED THE LAUNCHBY THREE MONTHSO GET IT RIGHT. AND I THINK GM REALLY TRYING TOIN BACK CUSTOMERS WHO HAVE BASICALLY GIVENUP THEM. MAYBE EY HAD A BAD VEHICLE IN THE EARLY 80sND SAID I WILL NEVER EVEN CONSID A M OR AN AMERICAN CAR AGAIN. THEY WA TO GET PEOPLE BACK IN E SHOWROOMS TO GIVE THEM A CHANCE. AND IHINK THEY POINT TO THESE QUITY SURVEYS THAT SHOW THAT ARICAN CARS ARE BY MOST MEASURES, YOKNOW, JUST ASOOD AS ANY OTHER FOREIGCAR. BUT TOO MANYUSTOMERS ESPEALLY ON THE COAST AREN'T GIVING AMERAN CARS A CHANCE.

>> AND THE IS A LOT OF TALK AUT CHEVY VOLT, THAT HYBRIDEHICLE, THEY ARE WINING SO MUCH OF THEIR PES ON THAT AS WELL.

>> RIGHT, THATAR IS ABOUT, YOU KNOW, THE IMA OF THE COMPANY. LOOK WHAT TOYOTA GOT OUOF THE TOYOTA PRIUS,HEY ONLY OLD ABOUT A MILLION OF THEM IN TEN YEARS, BUT WHAT THE DID IST IMPROVED THE IMAGE OF THE COMPANY. AND WHENOU THOUGHT TOY TAX YOU THOUGHT GREEN, ENVIRONMENTAL. THE CHEVY VOLT HAS T PABILITY TO DO THE SAME THING TO REALLY TN EOPLE'S IMAGE OF THE COMPAN AROUND. BECAUSE GM HAD THE ELECTRIC CAR BERE TOYOTA AND GAVE UPON IT.

>> HOW MU OF THIS, OF THIS ANNOUNCEMENT EECIALLY THE PR POTENTIAL FOR IS ANNOUNCEMENT, ASELL AS THESE KINDS OF PL THESE HAVE IN THE WORK HOW MUCH DOES THIS CONTRIBUTE TO A LONTERM PLAN FOR EVENTUAL STAINABILITY. >>IT IS HUGE. YOU HEARD G M.C. FTZ HENDERSON Y HE HAS A PERSONAL COMMITTEE TO PAY THIS LOAN. THEY KNOW THE BAILOUTS ARE HUGELY UNPOPULAR. THEYRE UP SET BECAUSE THE INDUSTRY DIDT GET A BAILOUT OR USET WITH THE BANKS GM WANTS TO CONNT WITH TPAYERS AND SAY WE UNDERSTAND THIS WAS A JOR INVESTMENT. WE APPRECIATE IT. ARE NOT TAKING THIS FOR GRANTED. WE KNOW WE GOT A SECOND ST OF LIFE AND WHOUT TAXPAYERSGM WOULD BE GONE, SO WOULD CHRYSLER. AND THIS IS ABO SAYING TO THE AMERIC PEOPLE WE'RE GOING TO DWHAT IT TAKES TO PAY THE MONEY BACAND WE'RE NOT GOING TO FORT IT.

>> DAV SHEPARDSON OF THE "DETRT NEWS", THANKS SOME OF.

>> THANKS, GWEN.

>> Lehrer: NOW, THE ENVIRONMENTAL COSTS AND ECONIC BENETS OF GETTING NEW OIL IN CANADA'S WESTN PROVINCE OF ALERTA. ELIZABETH BRACKETTF WTTW- CHICAGO REPORTS. >>ehrer: .

>> Rerter: CANADA IS BY FAR THE LARGEST SUPIER OF OIL TO THUNITED STATES. SENDIN1.8 MILLION BARRELS SOUTH EVERY DAY. AND COMPANI ARE SPENDING ILLION ITS LOOKING FOR ME, DIGGING UNDER STRIPPED OUT FORESTS IN SEARCH OF FORM OF PETROLEUM CALLED TCIMEN. ENVIRONMENTAL AND NATI GROUPS SAY THE OIL WHICH THEY CALLAR SANDS O HURT THE AIR, LAND D WATER. THEY POINT TO WHAT IT TAS TO GET IT TO MARKET. AND IT TAKEA LOT. HUGE SHELS DIG THE SAND OUT OF THEARTH AND PILE IT INTO GIGANTIC TRUCKS A JOINT VENRE AMONG SEVEN OIL COMPANS RUNS ITS EQUIPMENT OUND THE CCK 365 DAYS A YEAR.

>> A TRUCK WILLO A ROUND TRIP IN ANYWHERE FR 15 TO 30 MINUTES DEPENDING ON HOW LOG THE HAUL IS, TYPICALLY WH THE BITUMEN IS PARATED OUT AND PUMPED TO THE NEARBY REFINERY. THE REINING SAND AND CLAY WHICH IS HILY TOXIC, IS PUMPED OUT INTO TAILINGR WASTEONDS THAT DOT THE LANDSCAPE. THPROCESS USES AN ENORMOUS AMOUNT OF ENERGY. ACCORDI TO SIMON DYER. HE WORKS FOR INSTITUTE PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE ERGY.

>> THE OIL NDS IS THE FASTEST GROWG SOURCE OF REENHOUSE GAS POLLUTION IN CANADA, ON A PER -BASE 'TIS TAKES ABT -- PRODUCES OUT THREE TIMES AS MUCH GREENHOU GAS POLLUTION EXTRACTING AND UPADING A BARREL OF OIL FROM THE OIL SANDS AS CONVENTIONAL CANADIAN OR NORTH AMERICAN PRODUCTION. >>eporter: BUT ALBERTA'S MINISTER THE ENVIRONMENT INSISTS SINCE CANADIAN L DOESN'T HAVE TOE SHIPPED, IT'S ACTUALLY NO WORSE F THE ENVIRONMENT.

>> WE'VE JUST CCLUDED A VERY IN-DEPTHTUDY BY INDEPENDENTHIRD PARTY THAT CSIDERS THE LIFECYCLE, SORT OF THE WELL TWHEELS ON ANY GIVEN SOURCOF OIL. ANDHE OIL SANDS COMPARE VERY FAVOURABLY WITH CONVENTIONAL OIL.

>> Reporter: AND SAYS CANADIAN OIL IS CRICAL TO THE ECONOMY'S OF BOTH COUNTRIES. >>THE OIL SANDS ARE AN ECONOMIC DRIVER FOR A OF CANADA. AND MH OF THE INDUSTRIAL HEARTLANOF THE UNITED STATES ISONTRIBUTING VERY SIGNIFICANTLY INVEORY, AND EQUIPMENT INTO THE O SANDS.

>> Reporter: THERE'S NO QUESTION THAT IT'S EN GOOD FOR THEOWN OF FORT McMURRAY IN ALL BERTAHICH IS BOONG --

>> BECAUSE IT A BOOMTOWN I CAN ASK FOR MORE WES AND GET MORE WAG.

>> Reporter:ND IT'S BEEN GO FOR REFINERY WORKERS IN MIDWESTE STATES. THIS BP FACILITY IN WHING, INDIANA, JUST LAUNED A 3.8 BILLION DOLLAR EANSION PLAN TO BRING IN MORE CANADIACRUDE. UNION BOSS JIM BUCHANAN.

>> THAT'S O LIFEBLOOD. WE WILL PROBLY HAVE UPWARDS OF 140PIPEFITTERS ON THIS PARTICULAR PRECT.

>> Reporr: AND THERE ARE OTHER ADVANTAGES ACCORDING TO INDUSTRY LOBBYIST DAVI SUTA.

>> IT COMESROM A FRIENDLY COUNTRY HAT SHARES OUR VALUES AND IT COMES IN A PIPELE RATHER THAN A TANR. AND IT COMES FROM A DEMOCRACY RATHER THAN A DICTATORSHIP. ME THOSE ARE THREE THINGS THAT TEND TO TRUMP OTHE CONCERNS.

>> Rorter: BUT THOSE OTHER CONCERNS DISTURB THE OPPONENTS. IN ADDITION TO WORRYING ABOUT CO2 EMISSIONS THEY AR WHAT THE MINING IS DOING TO W59ER. ALBERTA'S MING OPERATIONS LIE ALONG THATHABASCA VER, PART OF THE THIRD LARGEST WATERSHED IN THE WORLD. GEORGE POITRUTHINKS LEAKAGE OF TOXIC WAE FROM THE TAILING PONDS ISARMING MBERS FROM HIS CREE NATION THAT HASIVE ADD LONG THE RIVER BASIN FOR UNTLESS GENERATIO.

>> THE TYPES OF NCER WE ARE SEEING ARE OSE WHERE CAERS THAT YOU SHOULD FIND ONE PER CASE IN A PULATION OF 100,0. WE'RE FIING TWO OR THREE, POSSIBLY MORE.

>> Reporter:HE COMPANY SAYS E SEEPAGE INTO THE ATHABASCA RIVERASIN IS INSIGNIFICANT BUT THERE NO QUEION THAT TAILING PONDS CAN BE DEADLY FOR WILDLIF LAST YEAR 1600 MIGRATING DUCKS FLEW INTO O OF THE AILING PONDS AND DROWNED. THE PROCESS ALSO US A LOT OF WATER. IT KES BETWEEN TWO D FOUR AND A HALF RRELS OF FRESH WATER TO EXTRACT AND UPGRADE 1 BARREL OF OI STEVEN -- STEV GAUDET, THE MAGER OF ENVIRONMENTAL AFFAIRS SS THEY'RE WORKING TO CHANGE THAT.

>> RECYCLE NEARLY 85% OF OUR WAT OVER AND AGAIN. IF U WERE TO TRACK ONE MOLECULE OF WAT THROUGH THAT STHM STEM YOU WOD SEE EYRECYCLING OF THAT MOLECU OVER 18 TIMES IN OUR PROCESS.

>> Reporter: AND FINALLY THERE IS WHAT ENVIRONMENTALIS SAY THE MING DOES TO THE LAND.

>> THE WETLDS AND PEATLANDS THAT YOU SE FLYING OV THIS LANDSCAPE WILNEVER BE RECLAIMED. AND THE INDUSTRY HAS REALLY A POOR TRACKECORD OF DEALING WITH THE TOX TAILINGS, THE WASTE MATERL, THAT IS A BYPRODUCT OF E PROCESS.

>> BUT GAUDET DISAGREES POINTING TO PRIDWITH BISON RAISED ON RECLMED ACRES. SYNCRUDE SPENT 1 MILLIONN AND RECLAMATION IN 2008 AND PLANS TO SPEND THE SAM AMOUNT THIS YEAR

>> HERE ON THIS TE RECLAIMED OVER 4600 HECTARES OF ND AND OF AT 4600 WE HAVEEGUN TO GET THOSE LANDS CERFIED WITH THE PROVINCL GOVERNMENT. AND LAST YEARE HAD 100 HECTARES CERTIFIED AS BEING FULLY RECLAIMED.

>> 100 HECTARES O257 ACRES MEANS ONLY .2% OF THE MINE AREHAS BEEN FULLY REORED. SINCE MING OPERATIONS BEGAN IN ALBEA IN 1967. THE INDUSTRY SAYS A L OF THE LAND WILL BE SED BY A NEW MHOD CALLED STEAM-ASSISTED GRAVITY DRAINAGE OR SADGD, INSTE OF OPEN PIMINING. AT TH CONOCO PHILIP OUTSIDE OF FORT McMURRAY STEAM IS SENT TO THE WELL HEADS AND INJECTED INTOHE GROUND. THE STEF FTENS THE BITUMEN IT WILL NEEL IS FLUIDNOUGH TO BE PPED BACK TO THE PLT. THE WATER IS ED TO MAKE MORSTEAM.

>> THE PROCESS DOES NO DTURB THE LAND THE SAME WAY OP PIT MINING DOES BUT BECAUSE SO MU NATURAL GAS BURNED TO CREATE THE STEAM THAT IS NEEDED T SAGD PROCESS LEASES MORE THAN TWICE AS MA GREEOUSE GASES AS OPEN PIT MINING DS. MILLIONS OF DOLLARS ARE BEING SPENT FIND WAYS TO BRING THOSE EMISSIONSOWN SAYS COCO PHILLIPS VICE PRESIDENT.

>> IN THE NEXT MBER OF YEARS TECHNOLO WILL UNLOCK MORE ABILITY TCLOSE THAT GAP AND IMOVE IT BEYOND WHAT DONE IN REST OF THE INDUSTRY. SO I UNDERSTD THAT WE'RE GOINGO GET THERE. WE KNOW WE NEED TO GET THER

>> BUT DIRE WHDEPLORES THE ADDITIONAL GREENHOUSE-GAS EMISSIONS THINKS ALL THE ENVIRONMENT BING POUR MOOD ALRTA'S OIL FIELD IS GOING IN E WRONG DIRECTION.

>> BY LOOKING INTO THIS INFRASTRUCTURE, THE BILONS INAPITAL IS BEING INVESTED IN POP LIN AND REFINERYS TO MOVE THIS UFF TO THE U.S., WE'RE BASICALLY PROLONGING THE TOU DECION WHICH IS THAT WE NEED TO MAKE THE TRANSION TO A SUSTAINABLE ERGY FUTURE.

>> CANADIAN OFFICIALS S TH WILL NOT RELEASE THEIR DETAILED CMATE CHANGE PLANS. ILUDING EMISSION CAPS ON OI SANDS UNTIL IT IS KNOWN WHAT THE S. PLANS TO PSENT AT THE CLIMATE TREATY TAS NEXT MONTH.

>> PRESINT OBAMA ACKNOWLEDGED THIS WEEKEND THAT THE UOMING COPENHAGEN SUMMIT LL NOT RESULT IN A BINDINDEAL ON REDUCING EMISONS. INSTEAD IT WL LAY OUT GENERAL GOS. FOR AN INTERNATIONAL TRTY.

>> Lehr: AND FINALLY TONIGHT, A TALE OF WAR, ART, A AN UNUSUAL GRO OF SOLDIERS. JEFFREY BROWN HAS OUR CONVRSATION.

>> IT WAS A DRAMA THAT LARGELY TOOK PLACE WITH THE GREAT SWEEP OF DESTRUCTN, VIOLENCE ANFINAL TRIUMPH OF THE SECOND WORLD R. THEYSTEMIC LOOTING OF ART  RESCUES EORT BY THE U.S. AND ALLIES. MUCH OFHE WORK WAS UNDERTAKEN BY A ALL GROUP THAT CAME TO BENOWN AS THE MONUME MEN AND THE STORY IS TOLD IN A NEW OK BY THAT TITLEAUTHOR ROBERT EDSEL JOINS E NOW. WELCOME. TO HE SET UP THE STORY, DESIBE THE -- LET'S START WITH THE HOOTING FIRST. SAID IT WAS SYSTEMIC. IWAS A VAST SCALE. HOW DID THE ZIS GO ABOUT IT.

>> THIS IS A SCALE WE H NEVER SEEN. HITLER WAS DETERMINED TO BUILD THIMUSEUM IN HIS HOMETOWN TOE CALLED THE FUHRER MUSEUM. TH THE WORLD'S GREATEST WORKS OF ART. THEY HAD TO HAVE THEM, TH ARE IN OTH COUNTRIES. THEY WENT GO CNGING THE LAWS, GOINGBOUT CONFISCATIONS NOT JUST OF JEWS BUALSO OTHER WEALTHY CHECKERS AND IT WAS SYSTEMED IN THE STANDPOINT OF DEVELOPING LISTS, THESE DIERENT PARTS OF THE NAZI OOPS WERE IN COUNTRIES MONTHS FORE THE INVASION MAKINGISTS OF THE ART THEY INTENDED TOONFISCATION -- CONFISCATE SO IN THE MIDST OF A WAR YOU WOULDN'THINK THAT RESCUING ART WOULBE A HIGH PRIORITY WH SO MUCH GOING ON. W DID THIS EFFORT GET UNDER WAY. HOW BIG DID IBECOME?

>> WELL, I TNK THE GREAT VION WAS ON THE PART OF A SMALLANDFUL OF MEN AND WOMEN IN THIS COURY. WHYEARS BEFORE THE BOMBING OF PEARLARBOR WERE IN TOUCH WITH MUSEUM COLLEAGUE AND SEUMS IN EUROPE. D THEY UNDERSTOOD FROM THEIR COLLEAES ABOUT HITLER'S RIG TO POWER, HOW ART WAS BEING UD AS A WEAPON OF PROPAGANDA ANI THINK EY HAD THE VISION TO SEE SOME POINT IN TIME THE UNITED STATES S GOING TO BECOME INVOLVED IN THIS WAR, WITHIN WEE OF THE BOMBINGS IN PEARL HARBOR, OFFICIALS MET AT THE METROPOLITANUSEUM OF ART IN NEW YORKITY. AND THEY DISCSED THE PROTECTN OF WORKS OF ART IN THIS COUNTRY. BUT I THINKN THE MONTHS THAT FOLD EY COULD SEE THE GREAT RKS WERE TO THE GREATESTERN CIVILIZATION CULTURE TREASURES THAT LAY IN THE PATH OF WAR. >>O THIS WAS A SMALL GROUP OF PEOPLE THAT BECAME KNOW AS THE MONUMENT MEN. SOME OF THEM CAME FROM ART BACKGROUNDSRESTORATION, PRESERVATION. THERE WAS SYSTEMIC LOOTI. THEY SYSTEMICALLY WENTBOUT, IT SOUNDS LIKE FROM YR BOOK, TO TRY TO GET OUT.

>> AS MUCH AS THEY COU DO THIS. IT WASN'T ALLY AND UNTRIED EXPERIMT. THERE WERE MUUM DIRECTORS, CURATORS, ARTISTS WHO VOLUNTEED FOR SERVICE. AVERAGE AGE 40 YEARSLD, MANY WITACCOMPLISHED CAREE AND FAMILIES. THEY HAD MANY REASOO NOT VOLTEER BUT THEY FELT IT WAIMPORTANT TO TRY AND PRESERVE THE GREAT CULTURE TREASUS OF WESTERN CIVIZATION LES THEY BECOME A STAIN NOT JU ON THE UNITED STATES BUT THE WESTERN ALLIES R ALL TIME IF THE GREAT TREASURES RE DESTROYED. THR FOCUS INITIALLY WAS ON STRUCTURESINCE THE NAME MONUMENT MEN BUT ATHEY GOT TO EUROPE MO AND MORE THEY BEGAN LOOKING FOR TH MISSING WORKS OF ARTHAT WEREN'T IN THE MUSMS.

>> AND WE ARE TALKING LITERALLY ABOUT GREAT TREASURES OF WESTERN CIVILATION. THIS IS MO LISA WE HAVE A PHO HERE.

>> THE MONA LISA WAS O OF 400,000 WORKS OF AR EVAATED FROM THE LOUVRE IN A TTER OF A FEW WEEKS RYING TO KEEP THEM OUT OF WAR'S PAT OF COURSE INITIAY THE CONCERN WAS TO T TO GET THEM OUT OFAY OF DAMAGE FROM BOMBINGS D FIRES. BUT IN THE CURSE OF TIME IT WAS TO TRY A KEEP THEM AWAY FROM THE NAZIS ITHE THEFT THAT WENT ON. SO THE MONUMTS MEN ARRIVED ON THGROUND THERE WERE NO MORE THAN A DEN OF THEM IN ALL OF NORTHERN EURO RESPSIBLE FOR COVERING A VAST, VT AREA. THERE WAS A SEPARATE GROUP OF MONUMENTS MEN IN ITALY CHARG WITH THIS AWESOME RESPSIBILITY. REALLY NO PLAY BOOK, IFOU WILL. MA OF THEM WERE HITCHHIKING ACROSS EOPE. THEY WERPATHETICALLY RESOURCED BUT THEYERE EMPORED BY THIS MONUMENTAL ORDER BY GENERAL EISENWER THAT SAID WE WILL PRECT CULTUR TREASURES SO MUCH AS WAR ALLOWS. nd THAT REALLY WAS A A CHANGE IN HOW THIS AY WENT ABOUT FITING A WAR ON THE ONE HAND, TRYING TMITIGATE DAMAGE TO CULTURAL TREASURES.

>> THERE ARE SO MY AMAZING PEOPLEND STORIES HERE. IS TRE ONE FAVORITE CHARACTER OF YOURS IN ALL THIS THAT COULD HE ENCAPSULATE. ARE YOU RIGHT. WE HAVE GOT THE FUTE DIRECTOR OF THE METROPOLITA MUSEUM ART ON THE FRONT COVER OF A BOOSTANDING ON THE STEPS OF THE AASTLE IN SOUTHERN BAVARI WHERE THEY DISCOVERED MANY THOUSANDOF WORKS ART STOLEN FROM CHECKERS INRANCE. GEORGE STOUT WHO RLLY WAS THE AINCHILD OF THIS OPERION WHO WAS A PIONEER IN THEEVELOPMENT OF CONSERVATION,HO HAD THE VISION TO SETHIS WAS GOING TO BE NECESSARY, THINK ONE OFTHE FELLOWS THAT WE ENJOY SOMEF GETTING TO KNOW AS A LING MONUMENTS IS A FELLOW NAMEDARRY ETTLINGER, THE LAST W -- JEWISH BOY TO HAVE A BAMITZVAH, HIS FAMILY FLED RMANY, CAME TOED UNITED STATES. HE WENT TO SCHOOL HERE, WORKED TWO JS, WAS DRAFTED INTO THE ARMY A18, FOUND HIMSELF ON A TRUCK INTOHE BATTLE OFHE BULGE. WHEI WAS 19 HE WAS PULLED O THE TRUCK AND LATER FOUND OUT THEY WERE PULLI HIM INTO THE MONUMENT SECT BECSE HE WAS A NATIVE GERMAN SPEAKER. HERE IS THIS 19-YEAR-OL RETNING TO HIS OLD COUNTRY OFRIGIN TO FIGHT A WAR ON BEHALF OF H NEW COUNTRY.

>> YOU MENTIOD GENERAL EISENHOWER. WE HAVE A PHOTO OFIM LOOKING AT SOME OF T WORKS THAT WERE RECOVED. MUCH WAS RECOVERED. BUT A LOT W NOT.

>> THAT'S RIGHT. SO MANY OF T THINGS THAT WERE RECOVERE, THE MONUMENTS MENTAYED IN EUROPE FOR MO THAN SIX YEARS AFTERHE WAR. BY 181 HAD RETURNED MORE THAN 5 MILLION LTURAL OBJECTS, LIBRARY BOOKS, STAIGLASS, CHURCH BELLS AND HUNDRS OF THOUSANDS OF WORKS OFRT TO THE COUNTRIES FROM WHICH THESE THIN HAD BEEN STOLEN. THIS PHOTO OF NERAL EISENHOWER, PATON AND BRADLEY, WAS IONE OF THE THOUSANDS OF PLACES TEE MONUMENTS MEN FOUND WORK HIDDEN THE NAZIS INCLUDING FROM THEIR OWN GERMANUSEUMS THERE ARE STILL HUNDREDS OF WKS OF ART, OVER A MILLIOWHEN WE GET INTO DOCUMENTS, MUSIC MANUSCRIPTS THAT A MISSING TODAY. THEARE WITH PEOPLE THAT IBERATED SOME OF THESE DUMENTS. THEY AREITH ARMIES OF ALL IZE, DISPLACE PERSONS AND I BELIEVEOVER THE NEXT FIVE TO TEN YEARS AS WE SETHE WORLD WAR IGENERATION PASS, MANY OF ESE THINGS ARE TODAY IN BASEMEN AND ATIQS HANGG ON WALLS WILL BEGIN SURFACE. IT ISNE OF THE THINGS WE HOPE ATHE MONUMENT MEN FOUNDATION WITH PLAA ROLE IN LUM NATUNG THE PATH HOME.

>> YOU MENTIONED ONE THEM WHO WENT OTO BECOME THE AD OF THE METROPOLITAN MUSEUM. ANOTHER WAS LINCOLCURSEIN WHO WNT ON TO CO-FOUND THE NEW YORK CITY BALLO ONE OF THE GREAT ART PATRONSN POST WORLD WAR I. AND Y SOME OF THESE PEOPLE WENT ON TO VERY FAMOUS CAREERSET THEIR STORY IS TO LITTLE KNOWN. AND AT IS WHAT IS KIND OF STRIKING ABO WHAT THEY DID DURING T WAR. WHY IS THAT, DO YOU THINK

>> I THINK THERE AREOME PEOPLE THAT WH THE STORY WOULD GO AW. I THINK THERIS DIFFERENT PEOPLE THAT HAVE A AGAIAS HERE. THERE ARE A LOT OF WORK OF ART TT ARE STILL MISSING. AS IENTIONED SOME ARE IN PRIVATE COLLTIONS. SOME ARE IN MUSEUMAROUND THE WORLD. I THINK WHEN WE GET T TOPIC OFAZI LOOTING IT A VERY SENSITI TOPIC EVEN TO THIS DAY. THAT IS ONE OF THE THINGSE TRY AND BREAK DOWN WITH T MONUMENTS MEFOUNDATION IS TO DISSS THE STORY OF ESE HEROES AND THE ROLE MODEL THAT THECAN BE NOT JT FROM WORLD WAR II BUT ALSO HH THEIR WORK CAN SER TO AVOID SOME OF THE AFTERMATH AS WE SAW THE LOOTING OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM OF IRAQ AND BAGHDD. HOW IS IT AT IN A WORLD R WITH A DOZEN PEOPLE, EOWERED BY GENERAL EISENHOWER, WE COULD DO WELLS A NATION AND AS WESTERN ALLIES ANDE COULDN'T DO BETTER IN A SML COMPLICATED BUT SMALL REGION CONFLICT. I THINK IT'S IMPORTANT TO UNDSTAND, I THINK IT RKED DURING WORLD WAR II BECAUSE THE ORDERS CAMFROM THE TOP. THEY RE EMPOWERED BY PRESIDENT OSEVELT, ORDERS ISSUES BY GENERAL EINHOWER AND I THINK THAT IS AN IMPORTANTODEL FOR US. WE SHOULNEVER LOWER THE BAUERN PROTECTION OF CULTAL PRESSURES DURING THE WAR.

>> -- TREASURES DURI WAR.

>> THE BOOK IS CALLETHE MONUMENTS MEN, ROBERT EEL, THANK YOU VERMUCH.

>> THANKOU.

>> Lehrer: AND AGAIN

>> AGAI THE MAJOR DEVELOPMENTS OF THE DAY. PRESIDENT OBAMA BEGAN A THE- DAYISIT TO CHINA, WITH A CALL FOR COOPERATION. HE ALSPRODDED THE COMMUNIST GOVERNMENT TO SLE BACK NSORSHIP AND TO TOLERATE MOR CRITICISM. THE U.N. NUCLEAR AGENCY RORTED IRAN PLNS TO START UP A NEW PLANT FOR ENRICHING URANIUM 2011. POTION -- NEW TASK FORCE ON MAMMOGRAMS SAYING WEN SHOULD WAIT UNL AGE 50 TO T THE AN I'M BREAST EXAM ON newshour.pbsrg, AN ONLINE- ONLY FEATURE TONIGH ON OUR PATCHWORK NATION PAGE, HOTHE RECEION LOOKS IN THE BOOM TOWN OF EAGLE, CORADO, WHERE THE POPULATION HAS DOUBLED I THE LAST DECADE. WE'LSEE YOU ONLINE, AND AGAIN HERE TOMORROW EVENIN I'M JIM LEHRER. THANK YOU, AND GOONIGHT. JOR FUNDING FOR THE NEWSHOUR WITH JIM LEHRER ISROVIDED BY:

>> THIS IS THE EINE THAT CONNECTS ABUNDANT GRA FROM THE AMERICAN HEARTLAND TO HAN'S BEST-SELLING WHOLE WHE, WHILE KEEPING 60 BILLION POUNDSOF CARBON OUT OF E ATMOSPHERE EVERYEAR. BNSF, THE ENGIN THAT CONNECTS .

>> WT MAKES US AN ENGINE FOR THE ECONOM PLANTS ACROSS AMERICA. NEARLY 200,000 JO CREATED. WE SEE BEYOND CARS. MONSANTO. PRODUCING MOR CONSERVING ME. IMPROVI FARMERS' LIVES. THAT'S SUSTAINABLE AGRULTURE. MORE AT producemoreconservemoreom. > CHEVRON. THIS ITHE POWER OF HUMAN ENERGY.

>> AND BY WELLS FARGODVISORS. TOGETHE WE'LL GO FAR. AND BY GRANT THORNTO AND BY T ALFRED P. SLOAN UNDATION. SUPPORTING SENCE, TECHNOLOGY, AND IMPROVED ECONOMIC PERFORMANCAND FINANCIAL LERACY IN THE 21ST CENTURY. AND WITH THE ONGOINGUPPORT OF THESE INSTITUTIONAND FOUNDATIONS. AND.. THIS PROGRAM WAS MADEOSSIBLE THE CORPORATION FOR PUBLIC BROADCTING. D BY CONTRIBUTIONS TO YOUR P STATION FROM VIERS LIKE YOU. THA YOU. Captioning sponsored MacNEIL/LEHRER ODUCTIONS Caponed by Media Access Grouat WGBH access.wgbh.org