White House Seminar; 4; The Role of Independent Agencies in Government

welcome welcome threw another seminar in addition to the regular executive department of the federal government educational theme mm hmm constitution hall in washington dc and some seven thousand college students because the students were various governmental agencies in the nation's capital are gathered here to listen to some skin graft officials in watertown the russians have to say and then

our chairman of the federal communications commission robert weaver the administrator of the housing and finance agency and i'm michele norris housing finance agency here's where it isn't to afghanistan so are americans sense that anxiety better housing better planned communities and therefore they're living throughout the country and it would be difficult if not impossible to find

anyone more qualified to preside over our urban renewal programs let's we know and can change the face of our communities mr weaver has been working with all cities and new housing for these twenty five years he began his career in this field as a consultant with the public works administration at the time when the first slum clearance projects were being started later he served as deputy commissioner housing for new york state and more recently he helped direct the housing program for new york city the largest program of its kind in this large country of ours mr weaver confesses to a phd from harvard mit is also taught and

lectured at northwestern university at columbia university and at new york university i cannot talk he has written many articles and do that it will brooks i'm nodding problems housing and urban affairs mr weaver i was trained as an economist and school by long experience in sociology that he remains first of all the human race and he has said this house is the people the final test of everything we do is whether it needs human needs an ax to human happiness i am very proud and pleased to present to you the man whose influence on our cities and our lives will be felt like each one of you and your children in the years to come this week the

plane as a matter of fact i'm tempted to say thank you would sit down to lunch or i won't do is well after i get through very warm reception and i appreciated the great deal that they say that i about the opportunity to talk some of you those who are with the housing and finance agency at that time i told you about happy i was to have you as a part of our activity is let me reiterate that welcome to you an extended for the rest of you might not know before is one of my hopes and i think not one beyond the realm of possibility that the summer experience would do several things for you first i hope it will affect your appetite or what i consider one of the most interesting and challenging opportunities in this country and it has to be a part of the

vast machinery which runs a very complex governmental organizations which are so vital in a lot i read the privilege of working in and out of government and that the privilege of being a play national level the state level and at the city and i can say that for me no other activity this includes a classroom it includes being a problem for post was the person who works for an informant the point is the first to work for the provinces and are doing other activities so i do all that you will find in this experience some of the pleasures and some of the satisfactions which i know i am and my associates consider very very important to watts also i would like to urge you in this period to look rather objectively at the image of what a public servant is i think you will discover that some of the

stereotyped notions of what a bureaucrat is not necessarily a whole and that there are in government service individual or a very exciting were very creative and to really enjoy what they're doing and that there is in the process of doing this a series of situations which really stretch your imagination and challenge your republic the independent agency within the executive branch as the volunteering comparatively recent times in response to the increasing and frequently now or an unforeseen responsibility is the complex modern society imposes upon government before congress and seventeen eighty nine us that this the basic part of a pattern of the executive

ron creating the department of state plotted a favorite and war navy and justice followed and seventeen in it a full stop assassinating forty nine in syria and eighteen forty nine and agriculture and eighteen sixty two significant way reflecting at that time a realization of a recognition that we were then a hundred years ago a real comfort the department of commerce and labor laws that record nineteen hundred and three and ten years later it was split into two departments again recognizing the rice and eight beginning majority of the labor movement in this country but the apartment health education and welfare was created in nineteen fifty three for a hundred years this department also some supplies destroyed virtually all of the responsibility is our country put on the executive branch of the federal government and at eighty seven how about there are also

need for a body in the exercise regulatory powers over the nation's fast growing railroad says european accord it the independence require courts wayside judicial function the interstate commerce commission was established within the executive branch but outside the department says a pattern was set for a number of other bodies with some of our responsibility is to be created subsequent the federal trade commission mostly german indicative of our population the securities exchange commission and all within the office of the president also as the responsibilities of the president and broader more complex and more technical there was the votes there were give up special agents is a newness to assist him and the start of his executive duties the bureau the budget which today is so important not only in hand when the money in handling the management of our complex government the council of economic advisors who's functions we all know

the national security council and other specialized but meanwhile congress to experience the need for organizing organizations outside its main structure to support its own responsibilities and as a result we have the library of congress the government printing office the general accounting office among out the largest group of so called independent agents is the wobble was the group we are concentrating on at this time it is composed of the administrative agencies within the executive branch with program rather than wayside judicial responsibility is under the direction of the president rather than the congress and he says the department will stretch of such agent says with major program responsibilities as well as a large number of special purple support and commissions appointed by and responsible to the present i've applied to these non

cabinet administrative agent says the term independent may be misleading in that it tends to obscure the very important difference between their status and that of the regulatory agencies for which the degree of independence of authority as necessary for the proper exercise of equates by judicial functions it is misleading also to the extent that it implies an independence of the authority of the president that does not accept these program that ministry aged says are integral parts of the executive branch of the government under the direction of the president i'm responsible to him to the same degree that the cabinet departments all well not without some very impressive get these administrative agencies outside the apartment system had their beginnings as a significant to the government about that time of course the world will they were just know they had they have generally come in to be in times of natural stress and government was compelled to assume that responsibility that did not

get into the existing structure agents is born a wartime emergencies have tended to become short lot going out with the coming of peace those that came into being during the great depression and the challenging period that followed world war two have been more common the status of the independent agency whose functions are continued on a permanent basis as varied according to the scope and nature of its responsibility is and their relationship to other activities of some have been transferred to existing executive departments others have been combined to form a new department as in the case of the social security administration the food and drug administration the public health service the office of education and other agencies and bureaus that comprise the department of health education and well still others have continued as a separate entity is responsible

directly to the best examples of the atomic energy commission the national aeronautics and space administration which carry responsibility is of the utmost importance to national security there are a few have a complex agency is that then sold direct and quarterly the activities i'm a number of constituency in such as an executive before examples of these for the general service administration responsible for the space problem the veterans administration of holding him home finance agency each of which administers programs of greater a scope and cost and some of the cabinet before my own agency the housing finance agency provides a good case history of such an agent the collapse of home building and a home financing in the general depression led to the creation of a number of the program is designed to sell these

distressed mortgages to reestablish confidence to stimulate home building and to me the housing needs of the lowest income that these responsibilities were launched an ad hoc organization such as the homeowner's loan corporation in other emergency agencies such as the public works administrator where the first public housing activity was walking oregon newly created a juices such as the federal housing administration which insures mortgages and still a basic part of our housing activity united states housing authority which took over a public housing in the pta and the federal national mortgage association known affectionately to those of us who deal with it as fannie mae which provides a secondary mortgage rapidly envy at a secondary market rapidly nba mortgages and special suspenseful special program with the onset of world war two there came into being other set of emergency organizations and start with defense house in

nineteen forty two by executive order of the president most of these functions were brought together a central administration under the national housing agency the first overall approach to this problem after the war the puree emergency programs were discontinued and remain and their remaining responsibilities or transfer to them are prominent continuing bodies for management and liquidate a signal permanent agency the housing and finance agency he'll be responsible for the principal housing programs and functions of the federal government was created in nineteen forty seven where the reorganization for this agency was added responsibility from abroad programs of housing slump learns in urban planning and menoyo authorizing the housing act of nineteen forty nine and subsequent legislation today a cage faa has wide ranging programme has

carried out by my constituent agent says or units and several officers functioning within the office of the administration included all the communities of solicitors administration which carries out the public housing program and the public facility low the administrative structure of at a cafe and that's relationships are quite some of the roles of the part some of the commissioners of its constituents have the same relationship to the administrator as they had the bureau's to a department secretary others and a special legislative basis which goes back before the creation of at a cafe and where the commissioners are as i might presidential appointees confirmed by the senate the administrator a report to the president as a secretary there is coordination between aj cafe and the departments and other agencies through consultative prophecies of the pop and cooperations and the

car at the corresponding levels of operating responsibility under the kennedy administration at a cafe has been given responsibility for two new program won a programmable bonds lance bass preserve the green areas of undeveloped resources of our community is adjacent to urban communities and within urban communities and the second very important but still very young program also spends about transportation in urban acts the there is the question of whether or not the gate actually as now the principal and the importance of responsibility to the point where it should be made a department headed by a separate with cabinet state department or status for the agency as been strongly recommended by president kennedy who submitted to congress first to draft legislation and subsequently the real immigration plan operations the congress has not yet acted favorably on this proposal

and the president has said that he will continue to press for testifying in support of the reorganization plan one of nineteen sixty two david e bell director of the bike describes certain pragmatic tests which congress generally have applied and considering proposals to establish new executive before these tests the sad i really did primarily to the prominence science go complexity and above all national significance of the programs administered other couples before the cardinals because of development is reserved for those agents is which first at venice for a wide range of programs ever acted towards a common purpose of national importance and second are concerned with palaces and programs requiring frequent and positive presidential direction and representation of the highest level of the proposed department of urban affairs and housing he said clearly needs these debts

is well that we deal with these and other problems right now because it is part of the genius of our democratic system that we adapt read it the new requirements and forgo fixed forms that caught up with the strain of change surveying the broad spectrum of organizational rights informs utilized by the federal government or to various purposes its adaptability is very very impressive and it gives the versatility to our government which in many ways is unique this is one of the reasons for their durability of our democratic system and through this the independent agency within the executive branch makes a significant contribution who argue that they say in closing that i am sure

that we should benefit a great deal from your being here and i hope that usually enjoy it it's been on the fbi i'd like to introduce now to one of our students on aggregation near constitution hall in washington this morning mr jack the girl now with one of the country and last that's correct simon samples

now skies you know thank you

thank you does anyone know i think

oh at fb ad thank you very much dr weaver you're a lot of changes going on television a few weeks ago i was invited to speak to the national conference of mayors and i happen to be seated between aerosol received cleveland and mayor daley in chicago risk us in the fact that a cleveland television station has recently dropped the untouchables and eight and an enabler so the culture has decided one on the chicago symphony orchestra america leave when the mayor of chicago or discussing this particle the untouchables and the chicago symphony orchestra and

they really from chicago and eight and i remembered i was taught suspicious i want to see what was inside the violent places another change in television which is not true a rumor i want to dispel foreign aid is not true with us steel company is going to change its television schedule for next year is not going to drop into a steel hour and replace it with the price is right as dr weaver is told you about the federal government's role in housing center a singer when i am in the united states more homeless which in television sets then holmes which had indoor plumbing lucy was

his he was becoming a real necessity of life at the fcc this summer we have a group of summer students work in are numerous climbs these rooms you know about windows one of our more enterprising ago it was unwilling to let this go unregulated shia take a large piece of paper on the wall and she painted on it a windmill complete with curtains a vase of flowers or goldfish on the window sill to be sure that we fulltime bureaucrats got the message she had a sign and basic english recently says a window seat now only one of the summer students created a window i must say that all of you have been opening windows all over the place and watch and force the summer i suspect the reason i was asked to come here is that the fcc we have so many of you working with us now wonder if it sees duties assuming they came to work this morning would stand up for that i can say it

this boy i want to know that we have one hundred and sixteen the plane are permanent staff in washington numbers under a thousand so i think i'll give you the idea that we have proportionately more students at the fcc in any other agency and that's a distinction were very prominent anti keep next year nine opening windows forces summer you let any fresh air and spur we find that comprises not only gay at any measure of irreverence but also a very generous helping of criticism and analysis some months ago at the fcc we hired an outside management consulting firm to come in and look this over make recommendations aimed at tightening up our operations and making us more efficient five percent were getting the same service

as time for free and we welcome it because the regulatory agency present some problems which can correctly be calling me and i'm honored to be here today to discuss with you one part of the agency's what they are how they got here what they're supposed to do now you've heard college lectures a whole more recently that i have about the agencies are not try to get into a political science point of you about it but rather to supply some insights if i can after year and half of life inside an agency act with her diversity with the slings and arrows of a periodic frustration and occasional chime now as you know there are more than fifty agencies which we call regulatory agencies throughout the government backed weaver has given you an excellent explanation of one can of agency which is a part of the executive the kind i wanna talk to you about a really the so called big seven which are the

common characteristics of having a mall time ever bought here five seven or eleven members we're a point on a bipartisan basis for e prescribe to term of years these so called big seven include the interstate commerce commission the federal trade commission for power commission the securities exchange commission the national labor relations board the civil aeronautics board and the fcc the textbooks say these a disease or independent wasn't really mean in practice congress created agencies and we often say that the agencies are really creatures are arms of the congress were dependent to be sure on congress for many things congress controls the purse strings and it's our job it's our mission to carry out a broad statutory a sign that the congress as a science but we are not in iowa so we are not a part of the legislative branch of the government similarly the executive branch cannot claim is

we are not any cabinet department nor we subject to the policies supervision of the president the president appoints its with the senate's consent president roosevelt found out the case that went all the way to the supreme court but he could not firing commissioner during his time of office despite president roosevelt's plea that he wanted someone on the commission who agreed with presidential policy for many purposes such a civil service national security like we're so big presidential control but we are not part of the executive branch of the government so congress and executive recovery corps was the judicial branch makes no claim that we are part of the judiciary yet through the process of judicial review the courts in fact exercise substantial control over our cases are processes are procedures the fcc we usually have as many as a dozen or even two dozen cases in the courts all the time so we are independent in

a very interdependent way we are the government's middle man and our independence usually varies with our backgrounds to complicate our lives further the agencies which i mention themselves combine under one rue executive legislative and judicial functions for an agency to be simultaneously investigator prosecutor and judge has been sharply criticized i personally share the views of our critics some of this but the fact is that we've been assigned this duty these jobs by the congress and that we exercise them each day to make it more palatable we speak of ways i judicial work ways i legislative powers this is you know means not exactly helps to soften the blow if not a sharp analysis it also means that we often come up with ways i solutions now for all these reasons we're call the headless fourth branch of government chief

judge pretty man a lifetime's to know the agencies and former chief judge of the court of appeals here once said to a purist in the theory of american government and administrative agency is a hybrid in the game on stress it is pride elephant project reddit in particular yet this elephant rather large system is intended to protect you all citizens against excessive prices for gas for power telephone call from fraudulent or deceptive advertising to insure against unreasonable rates in services on buses trains air carriers to see to it that radio and television station serve the public interest to safeguard the route of labor organizing the public against unlawful labor practices to protect you from excessive prices resulting from unlawful conspiracies and restraint training one of the newer agencies the atomic energy commission is concerned with what the military peaceful aspects of atomic energy and the mission of the a disease runs the entire flow of the american economy

they need you make that we've got too many agencies doing too much regulation there's always been supporters of those for you congress created the federal radio commissioner nineteen twenty seven during the debates huntsman larson of georgia said our national commission activists is already tomorrow his legs are too long i'm in favor of watching the mooc instead of trying to grow more here we are thirty five years later we finally drawing longer in the activist becoming larger but why is not because some eager bureaucrat in washington thought was a great idea and the fact is that congress created each one of these agencies in response to a public meeting swirling technology complex society required at certain industries directing the public interest be under some form of regulation in our case the radio commission the fcc came into being because the broadcasting industry recognize the need for a nasa for government regulation without regulation the stations would be

interfering with each other in the public would hear nothing the situations in the twenties had become intolerable one writer at the time described it as a broadcaster that congress considered a nineteen forty the investment company and senator taft i'm certainly dislike the idea of having a government agency tell a businessman iran's business said that in many cases the businessman themselves seem to want that kind of regulation the truth is that many industries have grown and prospered under government regulation they benefited the economy has benefited the public his benefit with the benefits have come to an exceedingly the prowl fortune magazine an extraordinary perceptive article i thought last year said that the agencies were invented for inherently difficult test lay down practical rules for business under broad policy statutes from congress without taking over from business and functions that are rightfully theirs in a free marketplace the agencies are supposed to be as weighty and dispassionate escorts yet not

so rigid and procedures as active as the executive branch but not so political outlook as responsible the public interest as congress yet able to directly into the details of the changing industrial city given this assignment it is no wonder that the agencies are always involved in arguments and congresses this peculiarly american regulatory agency i must say is essentially a concern levi businessman many of them fail to realize that the regulation of certain industries is usually what stands between them and public clamor for government operation of that particular business just as brandeis recognizes fifty years ago you tried a large case before the interstate commerce commission to happen the shippers as opposed to the giant rowers he won after defeating it just as brandeis said this in nineteen eleven he said this decision of the icc will tend to convince the people that there is power in the government to create a body which can successfully resist the demands of great

corporations and was therefore tend to all lay not only hostility and suspicion but the demand for government ownership of national monopolies it and therefore in the direction of popular content and peace so said justice brandeis here fifty years later we have no content minute piece about the agency's and i doubt that there ever will be problems given to the agency's not lend themselves to contend he's about regulation directed a particular industries usually means that they are essential to the public welfare and they're critical of the national defense our job to protect the public interest is not a job for the men scan for the doctrinaire or the dogmatic we have a mixed relationship here between government and enterprise in the task is to find out what will work and black and white rules i must tell you usually don't work one thing that often does

not work is the internal organization of the agency's much of what we do takes tomorrow when the public has to wait months and sometimes years for the institution of a new air service are for the word of a television channel something is fundamentally wrong no one least of all the agencies are satisfied with this we're searching now for ways out of this dilemma president kennedy has revived the important work of the ministry a conference of the united states which is laboring on those problems we've made here this morning i find the agency's too much preoccupied with it details the time when our railway system our characters are having financial troubles agency members must be free to concentrate on broad policy issues we must find ways to enable us to have the initiative of the free enterprise system the technological advances of our scientists translate into effective programs that's a thinking man's chest

and were too busy voting sometimes a hundred two hundred and forty five times a week on a particular case to have time to think our problem is similar i think to probably faced a friend of mine was war crime case defending a lady client in court she could not even saying now another lawyer and one of the warrior he said you don't need a lawyer is going fine she kept insisting and finally said why whitey one where she said you see the plaintiff over there he has two lawyers and one of them is up talking the other one is sitting on thinking when you get up to top nobody's thinking it what about all of our agencies we don't have much time but they were too busy voting were spending our days usually putting out the fires of a crisis which occurs i must say with a frequency of a television commercial now what we do at the fcc what is our mission our

primary job is to regulate the interstate for commerce and communications by wired radio except that conducted by the government a radio is possible only because of a great natural resource the public airwaves and technical terms we call that the electromagnetic spectrum demands for use of the channel's far exceed the supply we must find room believe it or not for two million radio transmitters in the united states president used by three million licensees of the federal communications commission last year alone we had five hundred thousand new users of radio to the list of our licensees this year we're probably it more a one hour radio operations most people think of the fcc in terms of broadcasting but numerically this is a very small part of what we do all ships at sea all airplanes police cars fire departments forest rangers ambulances civil offense vehicles special was after all these use radio mae must obtain a license and the fcc

many businesses make use a radio railroads truckers taxi cabs doctors pipelines delivery service is a whole host of others and it ensures the hands and very often perform great public service and emergency sometimes we have proms with than we had one the other day from a distraught father will complain to us that we should revoke his son's license because the boy was devoting so much time to ham radio that he was neglecting his studies the next day we're from the boy there's every reason brief about wise father could not interfere with the suns rights under the federal law teske doesn't end when we issue a license we have monitoring stations all across the country he helped guide the flights are astronauts monitoring stations and more real drugs constantly checked run authorized illegal use of radio we have some of them go to the racetracks constantly not to play the horses

but to pick out of the crowd by triangular fix a man with a walkie talkie was sending messages illegally to an accomplice an effort to beat the bookies much of our time much of the public's attention to this is the border course to broadcasting while ago my concern broadcast the reason is very simple because not everybody wants to be a broadcaster can be when we have hearings going on this week the fcc we have as many as a dozen applicants for television show jane give it to me don't give it to the other eleven given to me and the one whose the best job in the public interest somebody has to make that very difficult choice congress is give her to us i think government regulation of broadcasting poses the most sensitive possible relationship between business and government because broadcasting is the only medium of expression which is subject to federal regulation freedom of expression freedom to think which are pleased to say which you think most important thing in this country the fcc is mission

to ensure that broadcasting serves the public rather than the private interests sometimes presents excruciating problems how do you ensure fairness in the discussion of a controversial issue perhaps you saw the other day the fcc decision about cbs's program biography of a book he read the seas program about number how do you ensure equal access to the overall political candidates minorities and small parties wanna be sure they have their side presented to the public it provide diversity in the balance in a variety of programming to serve all parts of a community country i think is engaged now in a very healthy debate on these questions and i'm sure that the problem will be around in time for your generation to reach for the answers communications is a particularly exciting business these days we replace this year with the progress progress of broadcasting regulation congress legislation to provide thirty two million dollars to help educational television has been passed legislation require that all future television sets receive

only two incident has twelve channels has been less these are accomplishments which we worked hard for a long time the fcc come about this last year now our we also regulate course the telephone and telegraph there is some of the biggest companies in the entire world with billy communication service in this country which is second in the filtered through process a private enterprise private initiative under federal regulation i hope you saw the telstar experiment yesterday i went up there for the first shot of the commission and over it just you know here we are at the mosque mottern miraculous events and communications andover maine has served by old fashioned hand crank telephones the telstar was authorized by the commission as an experiment last year worked better than we ever anticipated that it would we're working now with other countries to establish an early global communication satellites is her legislation which is being debated in the senate over this

afternoon we hope to create a new kind of unprecedented private corporation under a federal charger develop space communications the privately owned privately finance regulated by the fcc with the new york times is called the most exacting regulatory task in its history i hear a precise focus really precise this is a real issue of our times how to use these great advances in technology to serve all mankind wallace you're gonna see why the agency like the fcc like the other agencies needs people first great talent and dedication we have trouble getting and keeping government is not pay top salaries but a dozen the top tell i understand you've been hearing a lot about this from our speakers i have such strong feelings and firm convictions about that i'm gonna nevertheless put in a frank vogel public service six thousand of you working here this summer will

leave i would hope with six thousand different impressions about what life is like munger least up shirts among us like to call the federal establishment but there's one impression one edit and dr weaver mentioned which i hope gets washed away for the summer and as a human program as monolithic as as mullah because the buildings that line pennsylvania avenue there are corridors lead to the same kind of offices but the same kind of people formed the same kind of in this routine the federal service i would think is really less like racket was bride they're like cleopatra and you remember that shakespeare said she was a woman of infinite variety underground we got the bureau of mines overhead there's massive you've got the fish and wildlife service we like the outdoors that the urban renewal administration if you like like in a big city we got the fcc which encourages talking the

cia which doesn't have a mind's made a few weeks ago we were in new york at president kennedy's forty fifth birthday party at madison square garden and of the wall about seventeen thousand other people anyway in my world there are entertaining they register is a telegram suppressed the president at one which went this way the rest of president john kennedy madison square all garden city new york and regulations under forty fifth wedding anniversary was signed the cia ms ba power now aside from a few highly skilled

but socially acceptable activities like counterfeiting there is there is not a steel or a talent which the federal government cannot use in which it does not desperately we need a newcomer a cutter of red tape young men women will rock the border milk a sacred cow when i make movies when you sign up for the federal service don't think that you're signing up necessarily for life what a reverse i think one of our great leaves for flexibility for the interchange of public and private employment italy and paul spoke about this is the moral obligation to engage in the public service during a heart every qualified man's best years private employment there is a continuing measure of achievement as the measure of profit and loss ripped difference between being in red ink are black it's generating never ending search for the more efficient way doing thing is search for the best utilization of town chair public employment fortune there is no

any such measure the standard is whether a program or a policy advances the general welfare of the public interest it's a vague standard it's a big differences and judgment the coolest heads and when there are conflicting interests involved or often angry differences between the hottest jams it is complex but it's one of the elements which lends fascination to a public career when you weigh the possibility of a public career i ask you to ponder what admiral calls a pleasure and pain of serving one's country and ideally with you an eloquent statement which are hurt ted sorensen give earlier this year to recruit young man sorenson said iris is a generation under pressure engaged in a struggle we did not start any war we did not need to we were over the altar of freedom and peace but first we must halt new chairs or tyranny and war in our generation has been chosen to usher in either a new generation of terror or a new

generation of hope for the world cannot be say by the spirit of you cannot hope to save the spirit of the age as we were young among men serve our society to preserve what is as old as man his quest for peace and freedom we do not despair for that ancient question days the ocean crest of tomorrow no man of iron can stay at the wall of stone can confine a single breaker may receive but the tide is coming in it as ben now questions by sharon levin

he says by doing reporting realistic activity it's been three years earlier reporting about the block hosting in that type of clay know this does not fall within the purview of our agency all right coverage of the circumstances that govern the type of activity and selling all more advertising on provided it is not an fha or be a financial would be controlled entirely by state and

local laws and this is also a matter of the regulation of the real estate industry which is primarily concerned here and this is purely a matter of state and local also that we're not involved directly in this i might say that i personally i think most of our mike cummings our would be very much opposed to it and so indicate publicly that we would not be in a regulatory are in a position to either people i've talked to prevent that it will certainly i have a question for mr menna i'm set singleton from pennsylvania harvard college working from a big part of this man who in your opinion should have the power to control and supervise the program content of the program's to be beamed overseas but

telstar and other satellites and what should be the role of the federal communications commission your supervising and regulating the program content for overseas consumption is the very excellent program we saw yesterday the content of it was aside entirely by the networks under our system we don't have a government broadcasting service mr merle us i asked the network said they would cooperate and maybe a documentary marvelous way what will happen in the future i don't know we now license international radio stations there are three in the united states which the nerve programs brought and we have some regulations as to the kind of program services they should provide with the advent of the telstar satellite communications we it gets easier looking to the state department for some more guidance about the foreign policy implications i would hope that what we would end up with

eventually would be a system where the bass range and diversity of american life will be shown on satellite communication for the government and industry with both participate and i assume that we worked for achieving some kind of a bland through the years or have said it invasion or three years on a regular basis or four years more than we hope that some of you may give some advice on cell phones yes and it just like this mr weaver question one is normally written from the goddard space flight center of the national innocence based nutrition johns hopkins university at the present time president kennedy through your eyes the option of signing the us in order that projects assisted by federal funds will to be integrated if you were the president would

you do in scenes with me sicily rephrase the question for them not to put myself in a place i don't think this is averted think quickly with an election year coming up and that may also rephrase it further by saying that there is no stroke of a pen or no executive order which will in itself and by itself of itself affect integration and housing or anything else although this would do an executive order such as i have been advocating for the past fifty years and which the president has indicated his dedication i might say for that at the time of my senate confirmation i indicated that i was in favor of such in order and that i felt however that the timing of this order would be up to the president however what this order would do would not affect integration the order would say that where public assistance was involved the resulting housing should be available on equal terms to all elements in the population to this i am dedicated to this i had been litigated and this i shall

remain dedicated person suggested i'm ellen taylor from virginia how once colleagues and sees say on a cold oil and dance are resources that are used by the public generally and they were developed by private industry i was writing about the electromagnetic spectrum has been given different treatment you sent in your breast that the broadcasters asked for this you think this was perhaps in a moment of weakness in an eddy a stronger now and might be able to take over this mansion themselves and this could put the emphasis on private industry as she set in the depression like to say also a state attorney said to take over from international affairs as far as protesting us cities over your head either white house

these college students' seven thousand of them come from every state in the union in various governmental official provide them to recruit a true functions and scope of our government system because they can hear some of our most distinguished british operations or lay subject was the role of independent agency in government there's not a discussion i know chairman federal communications commission and robert grenier housing and introducing and directing the question and answer session which follows the formal talks with the deputy assistant secretary for public affairs for the state white house operation with web a

facilities of the washington are on the national educational television and radio centre this has been a public affairs special oh this is a meaty national educational television oh it's been at fb