The NewsHour with Jim Lehrer

mama's boy a nice boy good evening i'm jim lehrer on the newshour tonight phil ponce likes of the us military reservist call up what it means and who's affected senator attacked and urban debate new post colorado gun control proposals charles krauss tells the story of brazil's economic crisis and rebound and poet laureate robert pinsky reason ben johnson paul all on children and tragedy and all follows a summary that is this tuesday adm keating the world is the biggest challenge of the new century which is widely condemned promote satellite technology to help the american farmer even more productive in the world travelers and by the corporation for public broadcasting and by the

annual financial support from viewers like you president clinton authorized the pentagon today to call up more than thirty thousand reserve and national guard personnel they'll be used in the air campaign over kosovo and the three g i've captured by a bizarre troops were pronounced dead by red cross doctor as nato bombing of serbia and the flight of ethnic albanian refugees from kosovo continue on beer narrates our update report i am air force reservists and national guardsmen will be the first of a whole specifically those who fly and maintain aerial refueling tanker aircraft those have been in short supply out of three hundred additional aircraft the us plans to get to the naval fleet about twenty one hundred reservists will be deployed immediately thirty three thousand may eventually be activated last night made us to a building that houses serbian state tv facilities and ruling party

headquarters in downtown belgrade for the second time on television tower on the roof was destroyed and the network was briefly knocked off the air in brussels nato supreme commander general wesley clark abducted today is a regular nato brief remarks said that well or had significantly hampered operations on about two thirds of the days we've had more than half of the strike sorties canceled so when i show you the results i'd ask you to keep this in mind in that the air campaign i think they were effective been very destructive to the resources and infrastructure and forces in support of prison milosevic in his leadership but it's been only a fraction of what is to come ct showed cockpit video of a number of strikes on bridges vehicles and communications facilities and emphasize the precision of the weapons prompting this question are you using million dollar nations to hit ten thousand dollar targets and

does this make military sense and if you're using precision weapons purely through spare collateral casualties are you a sense of what some of cost this is to the nato alliance to avoid civilian well let me tell you that we're using what we believe to be the appropriate weapons for the appropriate targets and we're not measuring the outcome of the war and dollars and since we evaluating the munitions effectiveness or efficiency cost on any specific target and so we're not able to give me those kinds of figures in terms of avoidance of collateral damage i will tell you it is considerably more expensive for a collateral damage but as i said this is not a war that were running on a checkbook budget were running this war to be affected this is a campaign it's working nato solidarity is growing stronger daily

more resources are becoming available the noose around you were so obvious as it continues its inhumane policies in kosovo is tightening were winning milosevic is losing and he knows that he should face up there there's an egypt they separate now afghanistan albania one of the newly arrived apache attack helicopters crashed while on a night training mission both truman escaped without serious injury way we train as we train at night under blackout conditions were trained in a demanding in part because in the all in the long run this method of training will save lives of accomplishment and that's really the bottom line is again you cannot take the rest of this business were lying about the strain no huge rains began to serve the last patients were in order the refugee camps in albania and macedonia are

overflowing again and aid agencies are now worried about the potential for an outbreak of disease is more than ten thousand ethnic albanians have crossed into macedonia since late last week increasingly crowder and we are now camper the breaking point if we get a similar number of refugees today as we've been saying over the last few days that is averaging somewhere between three or two and three thousand i fear we're probably going to see refugees leaving family or sleeping issues in belgrade the three captured us soldiers were visited by an international red cross team today a red cross official said the men gave them messages that will be relayed to their families and that a doctor found them in satisfactory condition it was the first time the soldiers were allowed to meet privately with the red cross as required by the geneva conventions the moscow deputy secretary of state strobe

talbott met with russia's special balkan envoy victor chernomyrdin today and said the two countries would work together to resolve the kosovo crisis we had very good conversations hear the conversation was enabled them also very much in the spirit of the telephone conversation the president had with president yeltsin on sunday i would say that our hearts here today were sparked a serious crime there was no question that the united states and russia are working together on this problem the problem is extremely difficult this important and urgent work continues and it will continue in the days to come in belgrade yugoslavia to be premier will cost of it seemed to pull back from his monday statement that troops from nato countries could play a role in possible he said only united nations

troops would be welcome we are the jobs that you have leisure the un forces in cars on the united nations when asked by reporters and talked with president milosevic about whether such a force should be armed he said they have not discussed it nato has insisted that enables wanting a spinning force of the arm and led by nato as a precondition to holding the bomb a house committee today overwhelmingly rejected two resolutions on american involvement in close above one called for the immediate withdrawal of us forces the other asked for congress to declare war in yugoslavia congressman tom campbell republican of california introduced them he argued if congress does not declare war president clinton could be sued for violating the war powers act the full house is to take up the war decorations issue tomorrow on the colorado school shooting investigators questioned a former girlfriend of one of the columbine high school shooters they suspect the eighteen year old woman may have

purchased the guns the two things you thought classmates a teacher and themselves jeffrey play in denver has our report more enforcement officials in colorado today continued searching columbine high school the site of last week's thirteen killings afar his revised upwards the number of bombs they have found since the massacres numbers in excess of fifty that includes the original estimate of thirty that we talk about that i was both in the school and in vehicles as mccracken of those veterans as to the woman believed to abort guns used in the killings she has not been charged with any crimes but could be there's a whole range of charges there that you're talking about supplying a weapon to a june state of colorado and i suppose on the high end if it were shown the cheering one of purchase weapons with full knowledge of how the

reviews are what the intent was in all this whole scene this trick i spent very straightforward about that that his office certainly would be open the charging anyone accordingly including two including interviews ever questions were also raised about whether swat teams couldn't move more quickly to rescue any of the injured victims particularly teacher dave sanders who bled to death i just want to go in a hallway not knowing that your running by the wars that may contain diamonds and in addition to that they also had bombs that they had to deal with dr sprinkler systems are going ceiling tiles were following the alarms are streaming the strobe lights run on others were all were signs of a horror movie and it's something like that you cannot russia we knew people were being injured in the building but it doesn't do any good distance record as many have been killed and then at the backup start over again so from the sheriff's department we wish we

guide dr seuss a blister sanders movement of us at all fifteen people but it is so much you can do at eleven twenty one this morning one week to the minute after the carnage began last week the community observed a moment of silence it will take a moment now this offer of your prayers for those who lost their lives and families two more funerals were held today including one for sixteen year old sophomore kyle the last gets killed in the library while he worked on a computer each day acted militias me and all of us and as reporter said no man stands alone no medicine and the last funeral for the victims is scheduled for friday nine columbine students remain hospitalized with gunshot wounds president clinton today proposed raising the age of legal gun ownership from eighteen to twenty one he also suggested

ten year prison terms for parents to get their children access to firearms we'll have more on that story later in the program tonight the man who shot president reagan in nineteen eighty one will be allowed supervised family visits a federal appeals court ruled today john hinckley can leave the grounds of a washington man was built for the first time he's been confined there since he was found not guilty of shooting reagan and three others by reason of insanity us supreme court ruled today giving gifts to federal officials was legal as long as there were no strings attached the justices agreed unanimously that a gratuity was against the law if link to an official act or favor the case originated from an investigation of former agriculture secretary mike espy he was acquitted of corruption charges for accepting gifts from agricultural companies treasure secretary rubin urge europe and japan today to accept more imports from asia he spoke at a gathering of world finance ministers in washington he said the us should not be the only country by export from nations

recovering from the global financial crisis he said record us trade deficits could not continue indefinitely in their speeches european and japanese leaders said they had taken action to promote growth there was more economic turmoil in brazil today a former central bank president was arrested yesterday after refusing to testify in a probe of the nation's currency collapse the arrest triggered a plunger brazil's stock exchange it was a slightly today we'll have more on brazil later in the program tonight a new kind of diet drugs will be on the market in a few weeks it reduces the amount of that the body absorbs rather than suppressing appetite the food and drug administration approved it for use by prescription yesterday senegal is the name the manufacturers' said it will sell at a wholesale price of a dollar ten cents a pill and that's it for the newshour tonight now it's onto calling up the reserves the new gun debate the brazilian economy and

as the rains then johnson the reserve call up and phil ponce for more on today's announcement we're joined by lieutenant general russel davis chief of the national guard bureau welcome general we just heard a few minutes ago tom barrett reporter the president is authorized the call up of thirty three thousand reservists national guard members and twenty one hundred are going to be deployed in the immediate future tell us a little more about what those twenty one hundred people will be do or they're called up phil there from air refueling units in the air national guard and in the air force reserve and they come from a number of different locations arizona alabama that was wisconsin and then goes away and the kinds of jobs that you're talking about pilots are talking about the maintenance people talk about pilots and navigators and up boom operators the man who operate the vehicle that they're actually passes a guest onto

our aircraft that they're refueling with as well as a white engineers and ground crew to support the aircraft and maintenance personnel you talk about these air refueling i these characters they're reviewing function of basically what is it i mean it's at such a large planets basically avoid gas stations sky for one of a better term a little again station in the sky these aircraft in all of two about that hundred thousand pounds of fuel in an excessive that what they do is they yeah fighters of the bombers got to come up behind them and they take on the guesses a probe that comes down and sticks into the other aircraft was being refueled and it takes or not i guess and what you need these out what anybody's twenty one hundred people well we need these folks because of what happens in the military we have been a very very large military we bounce as significant since the gulf war some thirty five to forty percent depending on which service you talk about army navy air force marines and coast guard as we had downsized and we've

created a situation where more reliance on the national guard and on the reserve component all seven major component of the respective first as a result of doing that as an example we have fifty five percent of the total refueling capabilities the united states air force residing in the air national guard and state your fortunes are so when we get to a point where we don't have sufficient resources in the active air force and we look to the air guard into the air force reserve center that we're at the point now have enough resources we're at that point now understand though that we have commitments all over the world not just in portugal where northern watch were in southern wild where operations out in the pacific in all the world we knew my mother watches the watchers and operationally run out of turkey which draws the no fly zone in the northern part of iraq and we run the operation out of saudi arabia and out of kuwait and it projects the boundaries that we don't allow the rockies to fly south

and then in those areas are talking white yard every service and guards people are errors or reason guard members there yes we've had been there for a number of years but there's a specific need right now for thirty more tankers is that correct their ears and others only the immediate motivation and you talk about the integration of the big picture but the media motivation the immediate need is for is for personnel to support these thirty more refueling tankers that is correct yes and to run and one of the things we're doing is part of this though is we have ahead or numb of months volunteers a significant of volunteers about a thousand volunteers visit people volunteered to go work anywhere from two weeks to six months at a time guard members in an airport or germans they'll volunteer to go over there and they've been over there and what we're going to do with the first increment of about a thousand people and twenty six tankers is replacing them they will come back to the states will have an opportunity to do the whatever they do in a regular job later on they could be called as part of another increment i we work author as president authorize a thirty three thousand one hundred

and two personnel to be called a lonely column about two thousand one hundred now sixteen right now and by definition of people were calling up the people are authorized to call a port for involuntary says involuntary of style people are called to come and then they come and show up we've got this extraordinary high radio personnel who show up and do their jobs is a dedicated americans and they join the national guard image on the reserve of the army navy air force marine they understand this they understand when they join what they're signing up and several years ago when i was in the air force reserve has also the air national guard the expectation was that the likelihood of one being called up was fairly remote has this is using the culture has changed or somebody knows now that if they sign up their app to be called up i think so i think that we observe shark who was an assistant to tell people that are going to go warrior a lot of the well we just signed up as we thought within an educational benefit we talk to our young people about that family support programs we talk about what's required so that they get called in and move

forward we we have the ability to make certain that their dependents in the families are taken care of so we tell people if they're going to call the police stand a chance of being called up as i said there without a mom recall of some five we call folks up for the gulf war we called him up again for haiti we call him up about it we can again last year the south was asian course now call kosovo's i think our young people understand that they can and will be called up and how soon will the people who were being called a non entity called avoiding a phone call with the letter r rated been notified i think we went out to the unit's earlier today to notify them we'd i had some preliminary a notification work in discussions with our units are prior to this point that they'd been notified in there very shortly we think most of them will be deployed and how long will they be deployed it's for a maximum of two hundred and seventy days the president just like to read reserve call up is designed to bring the guard and reserve members on active duty to serve with the active component of the army navy air force money for two hundred and seventy days roughly nine months roughly nine months years and we're having an identity station of

walking away the newly would mean germany where they go well these initial twenty six aircraft and now about a thousand folks there we going in to replace into europe to replace units are already there that upon his volunteer program remaining out twenty one aircraft at roughly eleven hundred people will be called up maybe going to destinations be determined later tonight announcing at that point exactly where they're going well one of the reasons we don't talk about where people are going in exactly when they're going operational security considerations this protects them and their families as well as the military integrity of what we do when you talk about the level of training that these cards national guards people and members the reserve have and how they are they combat ready and the second mile and do what they have do they come in ready they've been tested we have a system in near what we call operational readiness inspections in all these folks will pass those inspectors monitor well it's not just mcdonald's then were superb that doing this mission of building a national guard air

force reserve one thing i need to emphasize to feel as we have the same standards for the united states air force b the active national guard where quarters or those same high standards that we have in place every day many people along the one these missions liberated been over two northern water so the water they'll open over during a refueling operations in the pacific there have been over two abbasi is an example and i generally thought about the national guard you talk about the research but as far as the province and purposes is all part of the same it's our party of course when it comes time to have to activate them and performs and right that's correct in the year reserve air force reserve they have what we call a federal mission their mission is to train and augment the active air force whenever required in the national guard we have that same mission identical mission to train and augment the active air force typically with humans rather than individual people we also have a mission in the national guard what we call the state nation to be available to

be around and be capable of and responding to such things as natural disasters tornadoes hurricanes floods again in this instance and then there's a whole lot of glory of thirty three thousand people when will the next call of being and is it likely that that the pentagon we use we look at the fallout and so we don't know that yet we know right now that the twenty one hundred people are needed and they are they're being called assessments will be made and what happens in these qualities of the first all the art of energy in a theater gen clark in his case will say he has a certain requirement the air force has a responsibility to those airports requirements are they unable to fill them with active air force personnel in they need to reserve personally go to the secretary defense would turn makes a request once he's evaluated in his deficit they would make the request of the president right now because of the color barrier at any doubt that done eventually more people will be called up under this under the celt isn't it likely that more people will be called in the early assessment was we need about thirty three thousand at some point involved in this exercise and at some point it could expand other services not just could

expand on it i think it will expand the year for stocks is only calling up the tigers because they require the tankers at this point there are other services of the recall and they will be called it's hard for me to speculate on the general ban is having dinner much thank you only come on the newshour tonight the new gun control debate the economy of brazil and poet laureate robert pinsky kwame allman begins our gun control story president clinton shows today one week after the shootings at columbine high school in colorado to propose a new series of gun control measures backed up by more than a dozen democratic and republican members of congress the president began by talking about the political effect of the cultural status of guns in america we have a huge counting in sport shooting of an american and i like many of you i grew up and i was twelve years old first time i could point to

sharon carroll principles in the country and all about this we always talk about the nra the nra spent a lot of that online because they can influence people who vote and in that culture people believe everybody should be personally responsible for their actions if you just drive people who do wrong more harshly fewer people real fan everybody tells me i got a constitutional right to keep and bear arms of all forty and every reasonable restriction is just the camel's nose in the tent and grayson no comment from on shotgun and i'm almost methodically seized power make a plea that everybody who is waiting for the next deer season will hold slowly to think about this in terms of what our reasonable obligations to the larger community of america

the president proposed that congress require all purchasers of handguns to be at least twenty one years old up from the current eighteen require background checks for the purchase of explosives than possession by juveniles of semiautomatic assault rifles hold parents liable in some cases when their children commit crimes with guns and require background checks before guns may be purchased at gun shows such measures can guarantee an end to school was gun violence but would lead to fewer such incidents on capitol hill republicans showed little enthusiasm for similar gun control measures last year three days senate majority leader trent lott responded to the president this way the typical knee jerk reaction of industry that time and therefore what we've been told like that's what's been a lot of that gets its battles not the answer for his part house speaker dennis hastert this morning cited a newly enacted education law that can help schools address while and one of the things we can do to in this bill

was designed to do list but it does do is allow local schools and local police departments with local education authorities to develop a disciplined or krakow policies and make sure that you give and take kids who have been focused on problems or over again and treat them accordingly and that according to some federal laws about washington now the views of two senators democrat richard durbin of illinois co sponsor legislation similar to that proposed today by president clinton and republican orrin hatch of utah chairman of the senate judiciary committee senator hatch what you think of president of the president's gun proposals oh i sure you know i think that we can solve a lot of these problems so if we would vastly enhance sessions juvenile justice bill that has been languishing appear pretty years basically because the president has two tough on teenagers i also believe that everything's got to be on the table with a look at everything and say well we could that was all these problems because we have a culture

war going on a country where a lot of these young kids are permitted to do almost anything its long walk around in trench coats with the painted faces m and m and dirt and threaten other kids in school that yes you as though bats and lester the former center of education said last sunday set yet they carried a bible and started to talk about they're the kind of gangs and then the imports of living of the rules laid out by hand they would be immediately taken into the the principal's office so we got a look at everything we've got to do what's right here actually was to pass the area juvenile justice there was dust can contain a juvenile brady provision the president called for the day and we have to look at everything else as well but it isn't simple i tend to agree with the senator that you're the minority leader that we can just in haste urgency and a jerk this thing we have to look at all the option send all the problems the character as carefully as we can i think that's at the juvenile justice field goals going and go from there but generally you do

not support what the president suggested today well i'd like to say that these elaborate those as part of the year just as bill now with regard to most of the other matters we already provide we already have laws federal laws if you will to prevent given us and having handguns law to prevent guns from being carried the school lies of revenge of a mouse romo having semiautomatic weapons and rifles laws that that to basically prevent everything that happened up there littleton colorado so passing more laws is not going to be the answer it seems to make that in a culture that source in public a morality in violence in the internet pornography and immorality and violence or we've got to start looking at that this culture and say well we can go to try and make a better culture for young people to be raised sen durbin it's a culture problem and probably was both designer sen durbin what is a technology does that senator hatch i don't disagree with senator hatch about the need to

address some of these elements of culture but let's face it from time immemorial nerve always been always includes didn't fit in in school and i might start a fight on the playground the difference today is that foley and missed that occasionally can get his hands on a gun and turn loose on a lot of innocent classmates it's the guns that make the difference and unfortunately we don't address gun issues on capitol hill there are fourteen different gun bills now pending before the senate judiciary committee i hope we can report one surreal and frankly i think the president's on the right track how the kids get their hands on these guys well basically taken from their parents' homes of the parents are responsible and storing them away safely it ordered to the internet or to get in for a gun show or through another person who buys it recklessly gives it to a child the president's proposals and those i support addressed each one of these elements and say let's make it more difficult for kids to get their hands on guns and use that irresponsible let it rip on what sen hatch said you go down that left a lot of those things are already against the law at all a lot of them are what we can tell from these laws to make sure that the gun dealers know that they're going to

face tough penalties if they sell illegally to a miner to make certain the parents understand their responsibility to store down safely sixteen states have outlawed and as a result of those state laws we've seen the decline in the gun related to the shootings and deaths involving children each of these is a step forward to say let's not give up one that's let's not say that this is something normal in the united states that were done shooting every few months sen bennett all of these which do you think of these proposals which do you think was the most important would have the the most impact on the problem that we solve manifested in littleton colorado matter well i can't say because i dont know exactly how these kids got their hands on the guns in littleton colorado but we know that headley from one of the sources that i mentioned earlier but keep in mind we lose and i mean their parents either gave them to them or some friend bought them or something like that and then a lot more internet sale oregon shows sale that avoids the brady law but the bottom line is we understand these kids are getting easier it's easier access to guns and as a result we should do something i frankly

think the president's proposal that puts the responsibility on gun owners to store their guns safely is the right way to go the president makes if only my bill calls for a misdemeanor but the sixteen states have passed laws say yes you have legal rights on a gun but you have a responsibility to your children their playmates and other kids are stored safely with a trigger lock and reluctantly the center acted on that specific issue all would you support that the idea that a gun owner has arrived at the gun that has to respond and additional responsibility to keep the gun secure as senator durbin said and away from jail we already have laws in virtually every state to provide for that now what they wanted to see what they want and those federal laws this issue and they want to bring the almighty federal government down on people not to just make a couple points here i see the present very isolated a column for all of these new federal rules when we add everything that happened in the little in case we already covered with federal laws are already about the military but it's an illustration in the catalog cases they have dropped

prosecutions under the justice department dropped and seventy thousand forty five under thirty seven hundred fifty virtually in half it is already a federal crime to possess a firearm on school grounds nineteen ninety seven there were only five prosecutions even though there'd been a six thousand kids if they're in that we know that guns on school grounds in nineteen ninety eight there were only a prosecution it's a federal crime to transfer of farm to a juvenile court justice department prosecuted only six cases under this law nineteen ninety eight and only five in nineteen ninety seven that we know there are a lot it's a federal crime to transfer or possess a semiautomatic assault weapon reagan justice department prosecuted only for cases under the law making it a family for what nineteen ninety seven a lot it's one thing to get up then prices are we going to stop guns without a devoted to that let's enforce the laws that already exist that were being enforced before this administration and they haven't been for senseless administration as

stated today that it's all the fault of the parents and it's all the father of the people who are manufactured sounds like there's plenty of thought to go around here we've got to get to the bottom of that but there are plenty of laws on the books that if we enforce those laws we can result was at least some of these problems but it's a far deeper problem than that it isn't just owning guns it's the whole culture so we get that most owner barber what about with the summer hackers point that that they were you know your ways that it went through these statistics at the duck that the justice department isn't enforcing the laws are on the books now i think they should force would prosecute i don't know what research is there are at their disposal frankly i think they're overtaxed in terms of responsibility we've given them when you consider that we want them to go after the drug kingpins we want to go after mr white collar crime other things as well they may need more prosecutors and i'd support that but let's not lose sight of the fact that more and more kids are getting their hands on guns we're seeing more and more gun deaths despite the laws if the laws are we are inadequate let's be honest about this and to suggest to federalizing for

example the primal responsibility law is something we shouldn't to only sixteen states have passed it pastor frank we're seeing fewer gun deaths or injuries involving job but what about the point that i'm sure senator hatch would make suburban is that the current laws on the books can be enforced what does adding more laws on the books due to the prom clearly the laws have to be effective and enforced and if we're going after such things as sales of guns on the internet that's something that wasn't vision very long ago and now it's a reality the fact that there's a gun show exception to the brady law is something the gun lobby fought for and it's a loophole that we have to close when the brady law expired last year and eliminated the waiting period across america congress did nothing and frankly we have a responsibility to do that and you think they would they would that would have an effect foresman more tools to try to stop those or a piercing guns along to children and that makes sense for all of us i never met a gun owner who suddenly that that he was not worried about the fact that

his gun like at the hands of the trial they'll say just the opposite i don't want my gun to hurt anyone in this lee starring at them safely making sure everybody understands the responsibility for a trigger lock and keeping their guns stored safely as one step forward when a center at what's wrong with that well i don't see any problem with basically out there encouraging parents to be careful with guns the question as a naked against federal law well you say every day every time we get a problem like this instead of going to the root causes we have people line here start blaming the big issue of the day and then have to be guns i think it's far deeper than that in the fall we're going to talk about a more federal laws with regard to guns and we may have to go that route i don't know that that's all we're talking about what i can solve this problem marilyn manson cd it's pure junk and i'm telling you you're watching on the internet

that's all in violation of federal law but never lasts i got a ride off the internet fifty some pipe bombs with a rather nothing and that we now find a situation just this last weekend we're budget a junior high kids are planning to murder other kids in their school and they were getting there it bombs in their knowledge about explosives off the internet and we got a look at this culture and we've got to start changing the culture rather than just screaming about gonzales has never solve the problem i think that's part of it and i would suggest that nearly enacting the president's gun legislation or anything i suggested in this program is going to solve the problem i think it's a bigger problem our kids troubled today what can we do to discover these problems earlier to avoid violent conduct i'm in for the i'm ready to set up to senator hatch and anybody who wants to talk about that honestly but as naive to believe that we can address the issue of guns we understand as american families understand that unless you address the issue of guns which turned these bullies and misfits and two

killers on the rampage in our schools we're gonna continue to see more and more of our schools desecrated by blood and bullets think about families who have to try to remember at the end of the day what's the last thing i said to my son as he would offer his last day in school his last day on earth when assistant come to him well gentlemen thank you both very much we happy and the supply at world financial leaders are in washington today for a meeting of the international monetary fund and world that they gathered amid signs the global economic crisis which began eighteen months ago in asia is coming to an end but as charles cross reports from brazil the cost of them are so paulo brazil's economic powerhouse and ground zero for an assessment of the country's economic cost that sprawling dynamic and talk some paulo long ago clips from rio to

become brazil's financial and industrial capital today this vast urban metropolis of sixteen million people was brazil's new york chicago and detroit rolled into want a showcase and the more moderate the country's economic health but the hundred and sixty million people of brazil is already the world's eighth largest economy it's a country with enormous potential with us corporations have come to you as key to their global strategy it's also a country where they've invested tens of billions of dollars much of it in recent years couch it in january almost overnight in brazil's boom when fox when the global economic crisis hit the country for forbes for weeks there was near panic on the floor of the options exchange and some pop as brazil's currency that we are losing nearly half its value foreign investment came to a

standstill and the many us corporations already in brazil were suddenly had an extremely worried us brazil chamber of commerce president john ed wynn me and says it was not just us corporations but also the us government that was deeply concerned about brazil's collapsing economy is not because americans like prisons it's because they do a lot of business in brazil because they have a lot of investment in brazil because they export a lot of reasonable cause a lot of american jobs the gentleman those export that's the reason americans care less reason american government at the end of last year sent lots of representatives of the representatives about here to show that they were interested in ms owens in crisis not because they wanted to solve problems of a positive for the americans about a third of all foreign investment risk of the most two hundred billion dollars of investment in brazil is

american west in february we spoke with francisco grow is managing director in brazil of morgan stanley dean witter it's affected own business seriously our business is essentially cross border business we raise money abroad visiting corporations we help are multinational clients invest in brazil and this point markets have slowed down considerably practically stock of what we've done is to reaffirm our commitment to the country will continue to visit our clients that we continue to seek mandates for the day when the crisis blows over the markets reopen since those dark days in january and february the markets in brazil have started to reopen and indeed as in asia the recovery may be underway over the past month the us but in the song paulo brazil's principles the market is up sharply whether we all has also recover much of its value yet financial markets do not

necessarily measure the whole of the country's overall economy may lead brazil's case and repair the economic and political damage already been done since late last year tens of thousands of brazilians workers have lost their jobs there been demonstrations protests throughout the country much of the anger is directed and brazil's government says the brazilians also blamed the international monetary fund in washington because it was the i am now which insisted on high interest rates and cuts in government spending is a condition reported one billion dollar rescue package for sale after months of uncertainty but tough austerity measures have helped restore investor confidence in the re all and in the stock market but they've also contributed to the growing unemployment and economic hardship unusual eyes a state the size of texas

has become the principle hotbed of antigovernment and anti imf protests and activity galvanized by the state's controversial governor itamar fine girl what we believe is that we brazilians cannot accept the policies imposed by the imf if those forces are not changed billy because before the recession and more than one so sure that will fit the poorer sectors of population i hope you are all then that's when they impose a pause and brazil where president public agrees to them that they're right but a masterful permit me to say so has not been writing of the other countries were they having madeline and quite sure they want to write and there's a wider since january blanco has become a national figure in brazil refusing to repay the state's dense to the federal government and attacking the higher now that every opportunity his critics say he's a demagogue in an old

fashioned pop it was too doesn't understand the way the new global economy works but franco has become a hero to many brazilians who've been affected by the budget cuts and high interest rates imposed by the imf at the height of the crisis rates were so hot approaching fifty percent that automobile show rooms were empty and manufacturers were forced to lay off thousands of workers at the ford plant near some pollen some twenty eight hundred workers lost their jobs are angry and fearful for months they've demonstrated outside the plant almost daily to protest the layoffs which their union line largely on the imf village in kenya one of brazil's most respected and militant union leaders accused the imo of sacrificing brazil's workers' and the port to stabilize the country's financial system and prevent brazil from defaulting on its foreign debt there should be a policy to suspend the subject and

renegotiate repayment terms with the imf the imf means for us at five am which in english music and it was not possible that are bristling with all this economic potential be managed by a group of technocrats who don't know anything about our country my son was starving and i owed money to someone who already have lots of money i would say hold on i need to solve my problem first we started a silver was born to foreign workers dismissed in december many of the others he told us he'd rather have a job than continue to protest i will continue to fight for my job and i don't mind of a collective or just sweeping the floor while i'm not shoes and i just want to have the job past the case in court mr silva lives with his wife was on a seven month old son gustaf oh and his mother and a home which she started building four years ago before he was fired dasilva says he was earning the equivalent of about a thousand dollars a lot by brazilian

standards it was an excellent sour and with the money that silver could not only clothe and feed his family he was also able to finish building the kitchen a bathroom and what was to have been the living room of his new home but now he says his dream of finishing the second floor of his home is out of the question indeed in the country without unemployment benefits for much of a social safety net the silver told was that once he receives a final paycheck from ford he's not even sure how he'll manage to support his family my savings are zero there was so little that i've already spent what am i going to do it's a question that i ask myself every day i go to bed worrying about it and i wake up worrying about it we're standing without a job he could afford to keep this whole clearly it was something he thought a lot about and with that i want to get there i will try to maintain that house because i fought for my whole life and i will not leave

here they can cut off my lights they can cut up my telephone we can cut off my water they cannot cut off my dignity i will live here and they cannot take this away from me because this is my view in addition to the high interest rates that have led to growing unemployment the imf is also recommended huge cuts in government spending pensions health care education and other programs which benefit the middle class and the poor pope joan the twenty third hospital in the city of belo horizonte for example the emergency room was already overcrowded and the doctors overworked even before the cutbacks took a fact many more injured in her roommate one of the largest ones in some plot there is growing hardship and tensions build small government subsidies and jobs are going to disappear shopkeeper manuel de gente day

my clients has just been fifty right now they spend twenty three hours so i know that the crisis is very bad and when to serve for good deals because i know the people hear about their salaries and can't afford to pay a high price as an american priest who lives and works in jardin co written by father danny mclaughlin told us the situation was is that last law as it was during an earlier economic crisis seventeen years ago that time i just the variety and retailers your body you and i do do remember it very clearly the breaking into supermarkets middle of supermarkets forget who it was quite common like on an ad to happen a number of cases it could happen to me it now appears that brazil's recovery may come quickly enough to avoid the

kind of lighting and violence that imf austerity measures have led to in many other countries but in brazil there is clearly growing resentment because the cutbacks demanded by the island that appeared to have fallen most heavily on the middle class and the poor meanwhile political analyst alex barros says government bureaucrats in the wealthy appear to have been protected the problem is that already education is in shambles and your house that the public health system is in shambles and what they were saying is why doesn't the government that a little bit more of its own services in its own waste rather than going after the boer war already being so sick is finance minister pedro milan told us that in today's global economy the government had no choice but to cut social programs and government spending with or without pressure from the imf coaches have to nato monitor boats called ac the future and that we don't have any of the shrew

inferiority complex in terms of the dressing and discussing in prison and jail do the fontainebleau other institutions and the woman's off that we can't really do what we think is appropriate for brazil taking out a short term perspective but the need to nominate them to spend as they have been doing so he is not but opinion polls show that brazil government like many of the governments in asia has lost much of its political support from following the ins prescription in parts in some bowel and elsewhere throughout the country and growing anger and was rationed has expressed an old song says you can overcome injustice and oppression there's also confusion and lingering bitterness many brazilians wondering why they've been forced to pay such a high price to join the global economic system that so far

failed to produce what it promised a higher standard of living and a better way of life is saved you finally tonight newshour regular robert pinsky the poet laureate of the united states reads a poem about children and tragedy for many people the most memorable images we've been seeing on television or in the newspaper recently of the faces of children the faces of children who are refugees are victims or survivors of shootings and bombings or call the risk of bringing any life into the world the faces made me think of the infant at the beginning of ben johnson's pol pot known as the kerry and arsenal during a terrible capture and smacking of the wrong

incentives incompetent by hand of us forces or woman went into labor and gave birth records of the storied johnson tells in this legend a half or infant seeing the surrounding immediate horror and bloodshed of war chose to return to war and you're the first lines of johnson's paul grave infant of saddam clear why coming forth that great year when the prodigious humbled that crown his rage with raising your immortal palin well looking for the word has gotten out was trial pits tastefully return and needs one members in an urn how samba circle good thousand men kind of deepest war could read the center find them jobs and meditates and in business wise

or a major drop in that now the horror of that sac where shane at honor and recorder right lane trampled on the dean's death and night urged current org and hurled upon different world sword fire and famine with phil fury net and all love movies as could they bought the lights misery is forcing no doubt all infants return likely so grotesque even slavishly comic image of the infant who refuses to be born into the world the scenes the truth is there we can see all of the worlds harvest as well as the fact that despite the despair we keep on strike and in fact do keep on bringing children into the world

and keep on crying we hope to do better by them again the major stories of this tuesday president clinton authorize the pentagon to call up more than thirty thousand reserve and national guard personnel will be used in the air war over kosovo three g i've captured by yugoslav troops were pronounced that by red cross doctor and mr clinton proposed raising the age illegal gun ownership from eighteen to twenty one will see a long line again here tomorrow evening i'm jim lehrer thank you and goodnight brought to you in part by the world is the biggest challenge of the new century which is why the union's conducting research into aquaculture and other sources of the world we are trying

and by the corporation for public broadcasting and by the annual financial support from viewers like you thank you they need video cassettes of the newshour with jim lehrer are available from pbs video call one eight hundred three to eight pbs won out

airmen ms bee to pay it's been

are