The next fifty years; Role of Business in the Future Soci

In tomorrow's lows people from Alabama Mississippi and Georgia marry planes which flew. A. YOUNG WOMAN The depth of this problem is so great that we have to look upon it as being anywhere that is price is important for us to win in the interest of this nation as it was to defeat Hitler. To say nothing. Of rather not good run to cont to maintain democracy in Vietnam. Lulu after they were in Vietnam has long since been forgot. I can assure you that the central problem will be looked upon and its solution as I were a turning point in America for our great democratization and socialization of our nation. One will be looked upon at that point similar to the Civil Rights Act. Well again we made a mistake and lost and this nation will be plagued for a hundred years by as we have been playing for a hundred years by the Civil War and its

aftermath. Let me put it another way. I do not believe there were riots. Because people didn't have an education. Or because there were not jobs or because there was inadequate housing and medical care. Men can endure hardship. The riots are cruel. Because I hope less nice. People could not believe that next week. Where are you from now that they would have decent housing. They want a job. Where proper education the problem and the crisis we face is one not of saying overnight we've got to make everything right. But the rest a little sooner that the greedy I'll hope. What you lose us. A dig really on the way in which lead to problems seem to

solve the problem. Now this means gentleman. That we have got to have. Revolutionary programs. For a revolutionary situation. We cannot do business as usual and the longer. We have got to get a new sense of urgency First of all. We've got to get business to join in a coalition of reestablishing new priorities in this nation. And we have to have something that business has brought some supplanted. American business has largely been for socialism for the rich and free enterprise for the poor. I want to be very clear proposition. Now there are only three ways in which this problem can be seen. And when I talk about a master plan I mean a master plan. I don't believe

there is anybody in this room who has made a real study of the three alternatives and come up with a permeable. What precisely can the private sector of this economy do and not do to deal with the problem. We are running around a thousand projects that not present a master plan. No man would run his business this way. Secondly what must the private sector and the public sector do together. And thirdly where are those areas where the public sector alone. Must operate. Because it is not in the interest of American capital to operate. They are. Now told those three questions are answered when problem. Now I am very happy that I think the private sector can play a great role. But I'm also a realist.

Private sector is going to play that role under three conditions. Let the tax rebates are right. That the subsidies are right and the guarantees are right. Now therefore by definition. That means you can do certain things but not others. I think that if you have to have tax rebate subsidies and guarantees. Then business is in a very good position to help in some of our cities on problems of housing. But not for the hardcore poor. Because I dont believe business could get enough out of it. And there are just those. Business must be the Hauser of first resort. Business must see the government must be the house or every wrong resort. I believe that there are certain kinds of jobs which business can help with and I must congratulate a number of businessmen on having done extraordinarily fine jobs.

But I also know that for many the extremely untrained poor are. Just as business is the employer of first resort. American business must face the fact that the government for these people may have to become the employer of last resort. I therefore say ladies and gentlemen that it would be an extraordinarily interesting thing to me. If in addition to the upgrading changing of test seeking out applicants business would also take some responsibility for seeing the major social planning job which is here. But equally important. That throughout the history of social change in

this country. Business has been one of the great resume tours. They want Social Security. They fought the organization of labor. They have fought many many things. Business now has to turn a corner. And see that in addition to doing the things which you can do within your company is. That you must lend your weight. To the coalition of forces including the Church including labor including students and intellectuals. Who must now go to the federal government. For billions of dollars. For taking care of those areas which I do not believe business itself. Can be in a position to handle. That is a political job.

That is the job of the socialization of American institutions. For if a man is poor. And one is rich. We can talk all we want about culture. And deprived and deprived all the fancy words we use for poor today. But the fundamental difference between me and Mr. Rockefeller is not cultural. It is that he has money and I don't. And if people need money then it seems to me business in addition to the job that it has to upgrade to help and encourage those that it can hire. Is to see that if a man is poor and the society does not provide work for him through business there are only two other ways for him to get number one. Those who are too old or too young or too sick to work must have a guaranteed income and all others should be given work. Through the

construction. Our public institutions which are for the benefit are us. Well. First of all I want to help poor Robert Kennedy who cannot take his children on the Hudson River it's so dirty. Largely made Dirty by the activities of a number of gentlemen who may be in this room. But I want to help Kennedy I want to take some of these ghetto people and start cleaning up our rivers. But I want to be nonpartisan so I let me help. Rocky now. I want to help Rockefeller. Because when he comes into New York he breathes the same filthy air that any depraved person on Lenox Avenue. So let's get the air cleaned up and help poor Rocky. I hate to think of a man with that much money breathing such a dirty air. I think also general we need subway systems. In our cities. And never forget that one of the reasons for the Watts

riots was that they had no transportation system. I spoke to a woman out there who made fifty three dollars a week cleaning house. And spent twenty eight of it in taxis to get across town where there was no subway system. I think business needs to face up to another problem. Now I'm not one of those who says business is running away from the city to get rid of negroes that's just hogwash business is running away from the cities because the new kinds of plants they want to not are lateral things where you need some reach out. They're running away because the taxes are a little simpler. There are many good business reasons but my friends. If it is true that the white collar segment of the society is the most rapidly growing and services but the same kind of business is moving to the suburbs. And not because they want to brutalize negroes but negroes are not going to work in these new factories in the suburbs merely because you have them jobs.

Because they're not going to be able to get housing to come to work there. If you don't help them get it. The same thing is true of transportation. In many of our cities the reason people say Negroes have no war. Get up and go. If I know I couldn't get out there to do the job. Because I was too poor to have a car why be interested in taking the job. When you're not going to let me live there and join you on. The next point rules that will have to get rid of this idea that people can lift themselves by their bootstraps. No social class has ever got out. Of being in the lump and probably at our cost type. Except by social engineering. Sometimes

as social engineering has been happenstance as with immigrants who came here nobody could have them under privileged when they didn't know the language didn't know anything about American culture. But now why we call it a black man from Mississippi. Under privileged when he doesn't know the language doesn't know the culture. Fundamental difference is one is under provision the other isn't because in 1900 the society was prepared to buy all red muscle power in the world. It is not now. We have a process of other groups rising out of the lumpenproletariat. Had to do as fundamentally will be what the mode of production was as a doctor of epic qualities. Well as people. And this we must see. Now we hear a great deal talk about motivation and aspiration and morale. And I am all for motivation aspiration and morale. Like mother who

could be against them. But basically men are. Motivated as pie eyed. And ham on rye now. In relation not to an individual job that they might get. But rather to go you really arity. Arguer quaff. Opportunity for rising. Certainly we must do something about the motivation of young negroes. But the fundamental thing which must be done about it is that very many know. That if they try a job is there. One of you gentlemen are going to learn French in two weeks. But I bet you if anybody if your boss came to you and said I'm going to send you to France to be our representative and you got two weeks to learn it by golly you'd be motivated particularly to your salary is going to be $25000 or more a year. You learn French very

quickly but you're not going to sit down and learn French for the fun of it. Well there is not an opportunity to use it creatively. Let me conclude. By saying just a word about the poor. There is a picket line outside. In fact they came to me and begged me to work on it. And I said Gentlemen you know this is a bit difficult I've been invited here I'm by my host how can I walk on your picket line. Well they said look we're Mexican Americans. And you people are inside talking about Negroes and we're not getting a square deal. Well I believe it's always important to make as many allies as possible. I hope my house will forgive me. But under the circumstances that we cannot have negroes Puerto Rico's and Mexican-Americans fighting each other. I went

out and walked on the picket line for a few minutes. And if anyone's offended I hope to be forgiven. But I do believe gentleman that in your work. I have no facts as to whether Puerto Rican and Mexican Americans are getting less attention the negroes. Buy plans for progress. I. Don't care I have no facts one way or another. But we are living in that period where if people think they are being mistreated. It may be as important as if they are. And I am happy to say that I understand now that the meeting has been set up with some of the leadership of the plans for progress and the Mexican-Americans to talk this matter out. And perhaps that communication would not in fact have taken place as directly had they not picketed. The fact that there was an injunction. I want to read just a few lines in conclusion from a great address. The second inaugural address of

Abraham Lincoln. When Mao was toward none. With priority for all with firmness in the rightist God gives us to see the right let us strive to finish the work we are in. To bind up the nation's wounds to care for him who shall have borne the battle and for his widow and his orphan to do rather which may achieve and cherish a just. And lasting peace among ourselves at home. And with a whole nation. The words of Lincoln. Wright ignored. After 1865. And we had a hundred years. Of despair. Let us now go down going. To try to live up. To that which Lincoln asked us to do. With malice toward none and charity for all to face the

social and economic realities. Which alone. Can leave us one nation. Thank you. That was civil rights leader Bayard Ruston. Our discussion on the need for planning during the next 50 years continues now with remarks from Mr. Colin Buchanan a town planner and professor of transportation at the Imperial College of Science and Technology in London to share his knowledge with our listeners. Here is Colin Buchanan. Our session was concerned with the contribution to be made through transportation and as may be expected our discussion was very sober and down to earth. It was entirely confined to the problems of urban transport. There were no excursions into space. There were no intercontinental flights by supersonic transport. We were very much aware that our subject was closely involved with questions of urban form.

Which were being discussed in another room. Because of the constraints affecting transport have become a prime determinant of the form of urban areas we were very much aware that our subject sent on the mass use of automobiles for personal travel. This seems to be one of the crucial issues and that same debate two alternatives. If this is the mass use of automobiles is what people want. They can have it but they don't have to face up to living in different kinds of cities on a much more dispersed basis. But they could have something different if they were prepared to forego to some extent. Automobile usage and rely on other methods of transport which can be developed. We were addressed by Max Feldman who himself represents an extremely interesting phenomenon. The incursion into the urban transport field of scientists from industry

Feldman himself being a chemical engineer working with GEC and these people are bringing a new light with them. Particularly concerning the comprehensive systems approach. We were also addressed by Charles Carr of the Department of Housing and Urban Development. Why blind the approach of his department. He saw transport ation as the most important guiding force in the development of urban areas. The importance of the urban transportation grounds. And he gave us a tantalizing glimpse into the research contracts let out by his department all relating to urban transport questions new modes better buses new STIs of systems of control and command and so on. These are to be reported to Congress. In March of next year so that will be something to wait for. It was stressed that the real difficulty is not technological that institutional legal financial political behavior. And this I

think has been a recurring theme throughout this conference. Inevitably the discussion came around to the linkage between transportation and poverty. Two aspects West stressed. I will try to. Capsulize them. Because we would say in English put them in a nutshell. There's been a vast increase of mobility for the better off people largely through the use of automobiles. And there's been a great decrease of mobility for the book people particularly when mention was made of the difficulties of the poor people living in areas but having to find their employment in outer areas. But it was emphasized that it's not only class and poverty problem it's also a group problem because there are groups of the population the young the infirm and the elderly who are getting into difficulties. The second aspect arose out of my own observation. In one of Washington's renewal urban areas which I'd seen the day before it seemed to

me and I told the audience that no matter how hard everyone worked in that area. On what seemed essentially to be a kind of do it yourself and your program. The effort was almost doomed to failure unless someone could help these poor people with the traffic problem. What are the chances ions of these people being able to create a humane and better environment for themselves as long as their area is carved up into rigid rectangles by heavily trafficked roads. Carrying traffic which has no connection with the area at all. And it seemed to me a curious twist to a social problem. That not only is there a ghetto. But to add injury to insult it's dissected by commuter channels. For it lies on the roads from the wealthier suburbs to the north to the great employment area. I can see these people helping themselves in many ways but somebody has got to

help them with the traffic problem. They cannot do it by themselves. Not that is to say unless and until they start to lie down in the road at the evening peak. There were. There were several questions from the flaw. One provides me with a note on which to conclude the question was in urban transportation which federal department has the ball as far as I could judge the consensus of opinion from the panel was. Well that sure is a good question. That was British town planner Colin Buchanan. Next to speak is a man considered by many as Germany's leading city and regional planner. He is geared to Alberta's director of the Technical University of Munich. First to outline the cause of oscillation. After some introductory remarks on my

side concerning the nature of the topic and some categories in which it can be expressed. Kevin let's drew up a picture of a possible city which could be open to growth and change which what offer opportunities for choice and self-expression to its citizens and which should be understood as a vast ongoing process. In this presentation off a possible environment he struck a rather optimistic note. But he made clear that this was not tap my foot self least of all if present trends were allowed to take that cost unchanged that we need both experiments to clarify the potentialities. And that is what you're saying to intervene. Mr Back in March remarks underlined the expert experimental approach and added to the topic primarily the recommendation to start changing urban form at the weakest spots in the slums and the decaying areas using them as testing grounds for a new space qualities to give the possibility for the individual to find his own wand to use Mr. Buckham US terms.

The subsequent discussion touched many points of which I shall try to give an extract. Instead of following it up in detail it showed in general that that's the plan a sophisticated by much adverse experience during the last 50 years is 5 away from a naive belief in its capacities to improve the word by bringing order and beauty to urban form. Instead he struggles earnestly with the problems and contradictions which the changing world has contracted him with their eyes are several outstanding points of which I would like to mention the problems of citizen participation of growth and change and off implementation. Or if you wish the problems of how to select objectives for urban form. What objective to try to truth and by what means to realize them. First the planet as a the planet is a tong between his conviction as a citizen that in our present society the individual and his goals are paramount and his knowledge as an

extraction that after so many years of professional studies and action he doesn't know a lot more about the limitations and potentialities of environment than his client. This just as has been aptly said by one of the members of the panel. Yes you have pressure you have hours of Jane Jacobs. Some of us felt. This is not a question of either or. Aside from being not a question of the planet alone there are many fears in society in which this problem of what has been caught appears the fences however requires the planet as a safeguard to kind of man humble as Mr. Theobald wanted him so obviously on Monday evening. But humility does not mean that he can shove off responsibility and second growth and change mark our time and have a plan not long since discouraged from drawing up finite plans. I don't think he still believes in Danial Burnham. That ennobled

diagram once recalled it will never die. There is a technical problem and planning for change. Do we envisage correctly those changes which might occur so that flexibility can be built in in a reasonable way. But there is also a more profound problem we need as has been stated not only change but also continuity and identity and there may be areas in which consciously and clearly to resist change and growth. Unpopular as that may be. This leads us to implementation is third theme. We can only steer growth and change. This is my personal conviction. If we are willing to reconsider our leader to what is and not only of the tools but also all underlying understanding of the relationships between the individual the society and the soil of America more spacious than Europe may have a little more time to think about it.

But just a little more. The challenge is inevitable. We must recognize as has been said in our discussion of the interplay of physical development and the power and interest structure structure in society. And we must therefore come to an overall view which sees social economic and physical development as interconnected it and therefore requiring a coordination of leader at Minister Geoff Toulouse as well as off underlying goes incomplete. I might add that this interconnection works both ways. Urban form certainly cannot be aimed at as an isolated aesthetic or even functional element isolated from the great stream of our society. But your peers on the other hand not only every outcome of economic and social considerations. It should also become set out for its own contribution which it can make to enrich and express our life and I was grateful

that was geared Alberta's as you heard the 8 then our 13 week series of programs dealing with America's needs for planning during the next 50 years. Next week our subject will be the urgent and the important discussion of specific policy recommendations concerning the great social issues of our day. Until then this is Bill Greenwood public affairs director of the national educational radio network reporting from Washington D.C.. Those has been another program in the NERC early the next 15 years expressing a variety of opinions on the future of the democratic environment. These views were given to thinking if you're going to be a man I'm going to institute a planetary held in Washington in October of last year. As to raise money for those buying white house building more than Jack Burns and I want you am you Af-Ams

I'm going to university radio in Washington D.C.. This is any are the national educational radio network.