PBS NewsHour; Thursday, November 3, 2022, 6:00pm-7:00pm PDT

JUDY: GOOD EVENING. I'M JUDY WOODRUFF. CLOSING ARGUMENTS. DEMOCRATS AND REPUBLICANS MAKE THEIR FINAL PITCH TO VOTERS AS AMERICANS PREPARE TO CAST THEIR BALLOTS IN THE MIDTERMS. THEN, CEASE FIRE. THE ETHIOPIAN GOVERNMENT AGREE -- AND REBELS AGREE TO A TRUCE AFTER TWO YEARS OF CIVIL WAR. BUT WIDESPREAD POVERTY AND DEVASTATION REMAIN. AND TAKING THE TIME. A BIPARTISAN BILL IN CONGRESS WOULD ELIMINATE CLOCK RESET. WE LOOK AT THE HISTORY OF DAYLIGHT SAVING AND ITS EFFECT ON OUR HEALTH. >> IF WE HAVE TO CHOOSE WHERE TO GET OUR LIGHT AND WHERE IS THE MOST HEALTHY PART OF THE DAY TO GET OUR LIGHT, THAT IS IN THE MORNINGS. JUDY: ALL OF THAT AND MORE ON TONIGHT'S PBS "NEWSHOUR." ♪ >> MAJOR FUNDING FOR THE PBS

NEWSHOUR BEEN PROVIDED BY -- >> IT WAS LIKE AN AHA MOMENT, THIS IS WHAT I LOVE DOING. COMPANIES HAVE THIS ENERGY THAT ENERGIZES ME. THESE ARE PELE TRYING TO CHANGE THE WORLD. WHEN I VOLUNTEER WITH WOMEN ENTREPRENEURS, IT IS THE SAME THING. I AM THRIVING BY HELPING OTHERS EVERY DAY. PEOPLE WHO KNOW, KNOW BDO. >> THE KENDEDA FUND, COMMITTED TO ADVANCING RESTORATIVE JUSTICE AND MEANINGFUL WORK THROUGH INVESTMENTS IN TRANSFORMATIVE LEADERS AND IDEAS. MORE AT KENDEDA FUND.ORG. CARNEGIE CORPORATION OF NEW YORK.

A SUPPORTING INNOVATIONS IN EDUCATION, DEMOCRATIC ENGAGEMENT AND THE ADVANCEMENT OF INTERNATIONAL PEACE AND SECURITY AT CARNEGIE.ORG. AND WITH THE ONGOING SUPPORT OF THESE INDIVIDUALS AND INSTITUTIONS. ♪ >> THIS PROGRAM WAS MADE POSSIBLE BY THE CORPORATION FOR PUBLIC BROADCASTING AND BY CONTRIBUTIONS TO YOUR PBS STATION FROM VIEWERS LIKE YOU. THANK YOU. STEPHANIE: WE WILL RETURN TO THE FULL PROGRAM AFTER THE LATEST HEADLINES. PRESIDENT BIDEN AND FORMER PRESIDENT TRUMP ARE ON THE ROAD TONIGHT WITH FIVE DAYS TO GO

BEFORE THE MIDTERM ELECTION. BIDEN KICKED OFF A FOUR STATE SWING FOR DEMOCRAT STARTING IN NEW MEXICO AND CALIFORNIA. MR. TRUMP IS HEADLINING REPUBLICAN RALLY IN IOWA. WE WILL RETURN TO THE CAMPAIGN AFTER THE NEW SUMMARY. FINAL RESULTS IN ISRAEL'S ELECTIONS CONFIRM FORMER PRIME MINISTER BENJAMIN NETANYAHU'S VICTORY TODAY. THE INCUMBENT CONCEDED DEFEAT AND DIRECTED THE TRANSITION TO BEGIN. NETANYAHU 'S FAR-RIGHT BLOC WILL HAVE A SOLID MAJORITY IN PARLIAMENT. POLITICAL TENSIONS HAVE SPIKED IN PAKISTAN AFTER A GUNMAN TRIED TO KILL IMRAN KHAN, THE COUNTRY'S ONE-TIME LEADER. THE U.S. AND OTHERS CONDEMNED THE ATTACK. AMNA NAWAZ HAS OUR REPORT -- AND SOME OF THE IMAGES MAY BE DISTURBING. >> CHAOS ERECTED AFTER FORMER PRIME MINISTER IMRAN KHAN WAS SHOT AND WOUNDED AS HE WAVED TO SUPPORTERS FROM HIS CONVOY IN AN EASTERN CITY.

HE WAS SIX CENTRAL PROTEST MARCH DEMANDING EARLY ELECTIONS. LOCAL POLICE THAT HE WAS SHOT IN THE LEG. ONE OF HIS SUPPORTERS WAS KILLED AND AT LEAST NINE OTHER PEOPLE WERE WOUNDED, INCLUDING AN ALLY. >> I PRAY FOR YOU ALL. KHAN IS SA. SOME FRIENDS ARE IURED. I WAS TOLD THAT ONE FRIEND HAS EXPIRED. THE REMAINING ARE SERIOUSLY INJURED. WE NEED YOUR PRAYERS. REPORTER: WITNESSES REPORTED THERE MAY HAVE BEEN TWO GUNMEN INCLUDING ONE MAN SEEN FIRING AN AUTOMATIC WEAPON. POLICE LATER RELEASED VIDEO OF ONE OF THE ALLEGED SHOOTERS IN CUSTODY SAYING HE ACTED ALONE AND TARGETED KHAN. IN A SHOW OF SAID OUT -- SOLIDARITY HIS , SUPPORTERS ACROSS THE COUNTRY RALLIED TONIGHT. >> THE MAJORITY OF THE PAKISTANI CITIZENS ARE SUPPORTERS OF KHAN. WE PRAY FOR HIM, FOR HIS LONG LIFE AND PROSPERITY.

REPORTER: THE CURRENT PRIME MINISTER AT -- CONDEMNED THE ATTACK AND ORDERED A FULL INVESTIGATION. BUT PAKISTAN IS NO STRANGER TO DEADLY POLITICAL VIOLENCE. THE FIRST FEMALE PRIME MINISTER WAS ASSASSINATED IN 2007 AT A RALLY WEEKS BEFORE AN ELECTION. CONCERNS OF POLITICAL INSTABILITY IN PAKISTAN HAVE ONLY GROWN SINCE KHAN WAS OUSTED BY PARLIAMENT IN APRIL. AND BEGAN A SERIES OF MASS RALLIES CALLING FOR SNAP ELECTIONS. THE PRIME MINISTER HAS REFUSED INSISTING ELECTIONS BE HELD AS SCHEDULED NEXT YEAR. STEPHANIE IN IRAN AT LEAST TWO : PEOPLE HAVE BEEN KILLED IN NEW PROTESTS OVER A WOMAN'S DEATH IN POLICE CUSTODY. IT HAPPENED AS CROWDS IN A CITY MARKED 40 DA SINCE A PROTESTER DIED IN THE UPRISING. ONLINE VIDEO SHOWS THOUSANDS IN THE STREETS AS HELICOPTERS DROPPED FLASH GRENADES. NORTH KOREA FIRED SIX MORE MISSILES INTO THE SEA TODAY

IN A WAR OF NERVES. WITH THE U.S. AND SOUTH KOREA. ONE WAS A LONG-RANGE WEAPON THAT TRIGGERED EVACUATION WARNINGS AND STOPPED TRAINS IN NORTHERN JAPAN. THE U.S. DEFENSE SECRETARY AND HIS SOUTH KOREAN COUNTERPART WARNED THE NORTH TO STEP BACK. >> CERTAINLY, WE ARE FOCUSED ON MAKING SURE THAT THEY DON'T CHOOSE TO DEPLOY A NUCLEAR WEAPON OR CHOOSE TO ATTACK SOUTH KOREA. YOU HAVE SEEN US RECENTLY REDEPLOY FIFTH GENERATION FIGHTER AIRCRAFT. YOU HAVE SEEN US EXERCISE OUR STRATEGIC ASSETS FROM TIME TO TIME. STEPHANIE: THE SOUTH KOREAN DEFENSE MINISTER DISMISSED ANY THOUGHT OF DEPLOYING TACTICAL NUCLEAR WEAPONS TO DETER PYONGYANG. A SPRAWLING NUCLEAR PLANT IN UKRAINE IS RUNNING ON EMERGENCY GENERATORS AGAIN TONIGHT. UKRAINIAN AND YOU AND OFFICIALS SAY SHELLING CUT THE PLANT'S

EXTERNAL POWER LINKS. IN THIS COUNTRY, PAUL PELOSI, THE HUSBAND OF NANCY PELOSI, HAS BEEN RELEASED FROM A SAN FRANCISCO HOSPITAL. PELOSI HAD SURGERY FOR SKULL FRACTURES AND OTHER INJURIES AFTER BEING ATTACKED AT HOME BY A MAN WITH A HAMMER. FEDERAL PROSECUTORS IN WASHINGTON RESTED THEIR JANUARY SIX CASE TODAY AGAINST THE FOUNDER OF THE OATH KEEPERS MILITIA. HE AND FOUR FOLLOWERS ARE ACCUSED OF SEDITIOUS CONSPIRACY TO STOP THE TRANSITION OF PRESIDENTIAL POWER. A JUDGE IN NEW YORK ANNOUNCED HE WILL NAME AN INDEPENDENT MONITOR TO OVERSEE THE TRUMP ORGANIZATION. THE MOVE WILL RESTRICT THE COMPANY FROM SELLING ASSETS AND RESTRUCTURING WHILE IT IS ON TRIAL FOR ALLEGED FRAUDULENT PRACTICES. AND THE BROOKLYN NETS HAVE SUSPENDED STAR KYRIE IRVING FOR AT LEAST FIVE GAMES WITHOUT PAPER PUBLICIZING AND ANTI-SEMITIC FILM ON SOCIAL MEDIA.

IRVING TODAY TOOK RESPONSIBILITY FOR POSTING THE CONTENT, BUT DID NOT APOLOGIZE. STILL TO COME, THE IMPACT ASIAN-AMERICANS AND PACIFIC ISLANDERS COULD HAVE ON THE MIDTERMS. AUTHOR ROBERT DRAPER DISCUSSES HOW REPUBLICANS EMBRACE OF CONSPIRACY MARY'S MOSES A THREAT TO DEMOCRACY. NEW DATA REVEALS A STARK NUMBER OF ALCOHOL-RELATED DEATHS ON YOUNGER AMERICANS. >> THIS IS THE PBS NEWSHOUR, FROM W ETA STUDIOS IN WASHINGTON, ON THE WALTER CRONKITE SCHOOL OF JOURNALISM AT ARIZONA STATE UNIVERSITY. JUDY: DEMOCRATS AND REPUBLICANS ARE HITTING KEY MESSAGES BEFORE THE FINAL PUSH BEFORE ELECTION DAY. THE ECONOMY, CRIME AND ABORTION ARE MAJOR ISSUES FOR VOTERS. PRESIDENT BIDEN CONTINUES TO WARN OF THREATS FACING DEMOCRACY SOMETHING TOP OF MIND FOR DEMOCRATIC VOTERS IN PARTICULAR. TO WEIGH IN ON HOW THE POLITICAL MESSAGING IS RESONATING WITH VOTERS, I'M JOINED BY LONG-TERM REPUBLICAN STRATEGIST AND FORMER

REPUBLICAN NATIONAL COMMITTEE COMMUNICATIONS DIRECTOR, DOUG HEIN. AND JOEL, A DEMOCRATIC STRATEGIST WHO WORKED ON BARACK OBAMA AND HILLARY CLINTON'S PRESIDENTIAL CAMPAIGNS. WE WELCOME BOTH OF YOU BACK TO THE NEWSHOUR. THANK YOU FOR BEING HERE. LET'S LOOK AT THE ISSUE PRESIDENT BIDEN RAISED LAST NIGHT IN HIS SPEECH BEFORE A DEMOCRATIC AUDIENCE. HE SPOKE ABOUT THE NUMBER OF ELECTION DENIERS RUNNING FOR OFFICE THIS YEAR AND HE SAID WHAT THEY ARE DOING IS UN-AMERICAN AND PRESENTS CHAOS IN THIS COUNTRY. IT DOES NOT GET MUCH MORE SERIOUTHAN THAT AND YET IT IS NOT AN ISSUE RESONATING WITH REPUBLICANS. >> IT IS A SERIOUS ISSUE. I KNOW YOU WILL TALK TO ROBERT DRAPER ABOUT SOME OF THESE THINGS. A LOT OF THE SUBSTANCE THAT BIDEN BROUGHT UP CAN RESONATE WITH SOME VOTERS BUT IT IS NOT A TOP-TIER ISSUE. VOTERS WILL TELL YOU WHAT THEY CARE ABOUT. THEY ARE NOT SHY WITH THAT. OVERWHELMINGLY, WE SEE IT IS THE

ECONOMY AND SPECIFICALLY INFLATION. WHAT BIDEN DID LAST NIGHT REGARDLESS OTHE SUBSTANCE AND I THOUGHT HE DELIVER THE SPEECH FAIRLY WELL IS HE SAID TO VOTERS, HERE IS WHAT SHOULD BE IMPORTANT TO YOU WHEN VOTERS ARE SAYING, WHAT IS IMPORTANT TO US IS INFLATION AND GETTING IT UNDER CONTROL. JUDY: WHAT IS YOUR SENSE OF WHY THIS ISSUE MAY BE MOTIVATING DEMOCRATS BUT IT IS NOT WITH THE PEOPLE IN THE MIDDLE AND NOT WITH REPUBLICANS. >> I THINK ELECTIONS ARE ALWAYS ABOUT THE VALUES OF PEOPLE AND THEIR LIVES AND THAT IS WHAT DEMOCRATS HAVE TO DO. WE KNOW THAT INFLATION IS HIGH. WE ALSO KNOW CORPORATE PROFITS ARE UP HIGHER THAN THEY HAVE BEEN IN A DECADE. HIRING HAS BEEN HIGH AND WE HEAR ABOUT SUPPLY CHAIN SHORTAGES. SOME OF THOSE NUMBERS DO NOT JIBE WHEN YOU THINK ABOUT IT FROM THE ECONOMIC PERSPECTIVE BUT THAT SAID WHEN YOU LOOK AT

FUNDAMENTAL DIFFERENCES -- WHAT DEMOCRATS HAVE TO DO IS SHOW A CONTRAST BETWEEN THE VALUES AND THE PEOPLE THAT STAND UP FOR THEM. I WOULD LEAN IN ON CUTTING TAXES FOR THE MIDDLE CLASS. A POLL WE DID SHOWS ENORMOUS SUPPORT FOR THAT. AND FOR CUTTING TAXES FOR SMALL BUSINESSES. HOWEVER, THE CONTRAST WITH REPUBLICANS WE SHOULD BE DRAWING IS THEY ARE THE ONLY ONES THAT WANT TO GIVE MORE TAX CUTS TO CORPORATIONS AND THE WEALTHY. THOSE NUMBERS ARE ABOMINABLE. EVEN AMONG REPUBLICANS, ONLY 34% AGREE WITH THAT REPUBLICAN POSITION. THE NUMBERS ARE LOWER WITH DEMOCRATS AND INDEPENDENTS WITH BARELY 20% OF THOSE GROUPS AGREEING WITH THAT. IN THESE ECONOMIC TIMES, I THINK WE SHOULD PLAY TO OUR STRENGTHS FOR WHO WE ARE FIGHTING FOR. JUDY: IS THAT WHAT WE ARE HEARING FROM DEMOCRATS ON THE CAMPAIGN TRAIL?

>> IT IS N AND IT IS STARTLING. I LIVE ON CAPITOL HILL. DEMOCRATS WERE MYSTIFIED THAT THIS IS WHAT BIDEN HAD AS HIS CLOSING MESSAGE. THE LAST BIG NATIONAL THING YOU HEAR FROM THE PRESIDENT IS NOT ON THE NUMBER ONE TOPIC THAT DRIVES AMERICAN LIVES EVERY DAY. YOU GO TO THE GROCERY STORE AND SOMETHING IS MORE EXPENSIVE THAN IT WAS THE LAST TIME. PUTTING GAS IN YOUR CAR IS MORE EXPENSIVE THAN IT WAS A YEAR AGO. IT'S DOWN A LITTLE BIT, BUT NOT COMPARED TO A YEAR AGO. YOU SEE IT ON SOMETHING EVERY DAY IN YOUR LIFE. JUDY: JOEL, YOU JUST MENTIONED TAX CUTS AND DOING SOMETHING ABOUT TAXES BUT WHAT ABOUT THE IMMEDIATE ISSUE OF INFLATION? ARE DEMOCRATS MAKING AN ADEQUATE ARGUMENT ABOUT WHAT PEOPLE ARE DEALING WITH IN THEIR DAILY LIVES? >> I THINK ONE COULD MAKE A STRONGER ARGUMENT. IF YOUOOK AT THE ECONOMIC INDICATORS, BUSINESSES AND CORPORATIONS ARE NOT HURTING. I THINK PEOPLE IN AMERICA AND

PARTICULARLY WORKING AND MIDDLE-CLASS PEOPLE ARE. WE HAVE PROFITS UP. THEY ARE HAVING EXTRAORDINARILY GOOD YEARS AND I AM A BUSINESS PERSON. I AM NOT ANTIBUSINESS. WE NEED TO DRAW A CONTRAST BETWEEN THOSE THAT NEED BRAKES FROM INFLATION -- BY TAKING ADVANTAGE OF THE DIALOGUE ABOUT SUPPLY CHAIN SHORTAGES BUT THEY ARE HIRING MORE WORKERS, RAISING PRICES AND PROFITING MORE. HOW DOES THAT MAKE SENSE WHEN THEY DO NOT HAVE THE SUPPLIES THEY NEED TO MAKE THEIR GOODS? CLEARLY THEY HAVE ENOUGH TO DRIVE UP THEIR PROFITS BY DOING THOSE THINGS. THEY NEED TO ENGAGE IN THAT ARGUMENT AND MAKE THEM PLAY DEFENSE. JUDY: I HEAR WHAT YOU ARE SAYING BUT THERE ARE ONLY FOUR DAYS UNTIL THE ELECTION AND WE ARE NOT HEARING THAT AS AN ARGUMENT. >> WE WENT TO RIVAL COLLEGES. WHEN I WATCH THE NORTH CAROLINA

AND DUKE FOOTBALL GAME, I SAW TED TALKING ABOUT THE ECONOMY AND INFLATION AND CRIME. CHERI BEASLEY WAS TALKING ABOUT ABORTION. SOMETHING SHE FEELS CAN DRIVE SOME DEMOCRATIC VOTES BUT YOU'RE NOT TALKING ABOUT THE NUMBER ONE ISSUE THAT VOTERS ARE TALKING ABOUT TODAY IN AMERICA. >> MAY I JUMP IN? I WOULD TAKE ISSUE WITH THAT. IF YOU IGNORE WHAT HAPPENED IN KANSAS WHERE VOTERS REJECTED RESTRICTIONS ON ABORTION AND A TURNOUT THAT WAS PRESIDENTIAL LEVEL. 60% OF THE VOTERS WERE REPUBLICANS. IN THE POLL WE JUST DID, OVERWHELMINGLY VOTERS SAY PROTECTING A WOMAN'S RIGHT TO CHOOSE IS A TOP PRIORITY. IT IS HIGHER AMONG DEMOCRATS AND INDEPENDENTS AT 82% AMONG DEMOCRATS AND 46% AMONG INDEPENDENTS.

BUT 43 PERCENT AMONG REPUBLICANS. WE OUGHT TO BE DRAWING THAT CONTRAST. THAT HITS HOME WHERE PEOPLE'S VALUES ARE. JUDY: I HEAR YOU SAYING WHAT DEMOCRATS OUGHT TO BE DOING. WHAT REPUBLICANS ARE DOING AMONG OTHER THINGS IS SPENDING A LOT OF MONEY ON TALKING ABOUT CRIME. SAYING DEMOCRATS ARE SOFT ON CRIME. PEOPLE WILL NOT BE SAFE IF THEY ELECT A DEMOCRAT. IS THAT AN ARGUMENT IN PROPORTION TO REALITY? >> I AM A LITTLE BIASED BECAUSE I WAS MUGGED LAST YEAR WALKING TO THE GROCERY STORE AT 8:45 P.M. I TAKE THE ISSUE MORE PERSONALLY THAN MANY DO. IT IS SOMETHING YOU HEAR PEOPLE TALK ABOUT ALL THE TIME. IT IS WHETHER THEY HAVE EXPERIENCED IT THEMSELVES OR SEEN SOMETHING ON TV ABOUT AN UPTICK IN CARJACKINGS AND THINGS LIKE THAT THAT ARE NOT THE TARGETED GANG SHOOTINGS OR THINGS LIKE THAT OR EVEN JUST GOING TO YOUR DRUGSTORE AND YOU HAVE TO PUSH A BUTTON FOR SOMEONE TO UNLOCK THE SHAMPOO OR SHAVING CREAM. YOU ARE NOT A VICTIM OF CRIME AT

THAT POINT, BUT YOU RECOGNIZE YOU ARE HAVING TO DO THAT BECAE SHOPLIFTING IS UP AND YOU SEE VIDEOS OF A STORM OF 10 PEOPLE SHOPLIFTING AN ENTIRE DRUGSTOR AT AND YOU ARE WORRIED ABOUT ONE POINT, THAT. JUDY: IN 30 SECONDS, JOEL, WHAT CAN DEMOCRATS SAY TO COUNTER THIS ARGUMENT COMING FROM REPUBLICANS? >> WELL, I THINK ONE OF THE THINGS WE SHOULD COUNTER IS DRAW A CONTRAST ON THEIR POSITION ON SECOND AMENDMENT AND GUN CONTROL AND REASONABLE GUN CONTROL. JUST AS SCALIA CLOSED HIS OPINION BY SAYING AS WITH ALL AMENDMENTS TO THE CONSTITUTION, -- WE OUGHT TO MAKE THAT POINT AND

SAY, WE ARE NOT GOING TO TAKE PEOPLE'S GUNS AWAY BUT WE WILL HAVE COMMON SENSE LAWS JUST AS SCALIA SAID. THERE IS NOT AN UNLIMITED RIGHT TO CARRY GUNS EVERYWHERE. WE HAVE DONE RESEARCH ON THIS WITH VOTERS ACROSS THE SPECTRUM AND THEY BELIEVE THERE SHOULD BE LIMITATIONS IN PLACES WHERE GUNS HAVE NO BUSINESS. SCHOOLS, MOVIE THEATERS, SHOPPING MALLS AND PUBLIC PARKS. I THINK WE CAN DRAW A CONTRAST ON ISSUES THAT ARE ON PEOPLE'S MINDS PARTICULARLY WITH CRIME RATES UP IN MANY PLACES AND DO A BETTER JOB AT IT. I THINK DOUG AND I WOULD AGREE -- WE KNOW YOU WANT TO BE CLOSING STRONG IN THE END BUT YOU HAVE TO BUILD UP THE MOMENTUM STARTING ABOUT LABOR DAY. THAT IS THE CHALLENGE FOR DEMOCRATS. JUDY: WE HAVE FOUR DAYS LEFT AND SOME CAMPAIGNING AND ADVERTISING ON ELECTION DAY. WE WILL CONTINUE TO WATCH THIS. THANK YOU TO YOU BOTH. ♪ JUDY: TURNOUT TYPICALLY DETERMINESESULTS IN ANY GIVEN

ELECTION YEAR AND A RECENT POLL, ASIAN AMERICANS COULD SWAY THIS YEAR'S MIDTERMS MORE THAN EVER BEFORE. OUR WHITE HOUSE CORRESPONDENT LOOKS INTO WHAT IS DRIVING THESE VOTERS TTHE POLLS. REPORTER: ASIAN AMERICANS ARE THE FASTEST-GROWING RACIAL OR ETHNIC GROUP IN THE COUNTRY. NEAR 23 MILLION AMERICANS ARE ESTIMATED TO BE AAPI AND THEIR VOTES PLAYED AN OUTSIZED ROLE IN THE 2020 ELECTION IN SWING STATES LIKE GEORGIA. JOINING US TO DISCUSS THIS IS KRISTIN AND A PUBLIC POLICY PROFESSOR AT THE UNIVERSITY OF NORTH -- OF CALIFORNIA RIVERSIDE. IN ADDITN TO GEORGIA, WHERE COULD AAPI VOTERS HAVE THE BIGGEST IMPACT? >> THERE ARE SEVERAL SENATE RACES INCLUDING IN NEVADA AND NORTH CAROLINA AND IN VIRTUALLY ANY STATE WHERE THERE -- WHERE THE MARGIN OF VICTORY IS 2% OR

SMALLER. CHANCES ARE THE ASIAN AMERICAN AND PACIFIC ISLAND COMMUNITY WILL PLAY A DECISIVE ROLE. BEYOND THE SENATE, THERE ARE SEVERAL HOUSE RACES INCLUDING IN ORANGE COUNTY IN SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA AND SEVERAL OTHER DISTRICTS THROUGH THE SOUTH AND IN THE NORTHEAST THAT HAVE SIGNIFICANT ASIAN AMERICAN AND PACIFIC ISLAND POPULATIONS THAT ARE RATED AS BATTLEGROUND RACES. THOSE ARE ALL THE PLACES WHERE WE CAN EXPECT THE ASIAN AMERICAN AND PACIFIC ISLAND COMMUNITY TO PLAY AN IMPORTANT ROLE THIS YEAR. REPORTER: CHRISTINE, THE SURVEY SHOWS AAPI VOTERS PREFERRED DEMOCRATIC CONTROL OF CONGRESS 54%-20 7%. BUT WITHIN THAT, VIETNAME VOTERS FAVOR REPUBLICANS 4 TO 35% WHICH GETS AT E FACT THAT THE AAPI IS DIVERSE. CAN YOU EXPLAIN WHAT IS DRAWING THE VIETNAMESE VOTERS TO REPUBLICANS?

>> THEY APPEAL ESPECIALLY TO THE FIRST GENERATION IMMIGRANTS IN THE VIETNAMESE COMMUNITY ABOUT ANTI-COMMUNISM. IT IS REALLY THAT EARLY ENGAGEMENT THAT HAS REALLY DEVELOPED THE RELATIONSHIP WITH THE VIETNAMESE COMMUNITY. WHAT WE HAVE SEEN IN THE ASIAN AMERICAN VOTER SURVEY IS A LARGER SEGMENT OF THE VIETNAMESE POPULATION, THOUGH THEY ARE STILL HEAVILY REPUBLICANS, ARE STARTING TO IDENTIFY AS INDEPENDENTS. THAT IS A START OF SEEING THE SECOND GENERATION AND YOUNGER VIETNAMESE-AMERICAN VOTERS COMING OF AGE AND REGISTERING AND VOTING. REPORTER: WHAT ISSUES ARE MOTIVATING AAPI VOTERS TO TURN OUT? >> SEVERAL ISSUES ARE STANDARD. NOT ONLY WITH RESPECT TO ASIAN AMERICAN AND PACIFIC ISLANDER VOTERS BUT VOTERS MORE GENERALLY. THE ECONOMY IS USUALLY ONE OF THE TOP TWO ISSUES IN ANY YEAR WE HAVE DONE SURVEYING OF

THESE POPULATIONS. AND THAT IS TRUE OF THIS YEAR AS WELL. WHAT WAS INTERESTING IN OUR SURVEY WAS HEALTH CARE EMERGED AS A TOP ISSUE. WE DID NOT ASK SPECIFICALLY ABOUT ABORTION. OTHER SURVEYS INCLUDING FROM THE PEW RESEARCH CENTER SHOWS ASIAN AMERICAN VOTERS TEND TO BE THE MOST SUPPORTIVE IN TERMS OF ABORTION RIGHTS. THAT WILL BE AN ISSUE AS WELL THE ECONOMY BUT THERE ARE ISSUES LIKE GUN CONTROL AND OF OUR MONO -- AN ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION THAT ARE AMONG THE TOP FIVE. REPORTER: THE RISE OF ASIAN AMERICAN HATE IN THE U.S. HAS GROWN IN THE LAST FIVE YEARS. IN THE SURVEY, 73 PERCENT OF ASIAN AMERICANS WORRY ABOUT EXPERIENCING HATE CRIMES, HARASSMENT AND DISCRIMINATION AT LEAST SOMETIMES. 24% OF THEM WORRY ABOUT IT OFTEN.

HOW IS THAT INFLUENCING THE VOTE? >> AMONG THOSE VERY WORRIED ABOUT HATE INCIDENTS AND CRIMES, THEY HAVE A STRONGER SUPPORT FOR THE DEMOCRATIC PARTY. WHAT THAT SUGGESTS IS THIS IS A TOP OF MIND ISSUE IN SO MANY ASIAN AMERICAN COMMUNITIES AND IN WAYS THAT BENEFIT THE DEMOCRATIC PARTY AND CANDIDATES. WHAT IS INTERESTING IS SOME REPUBLICAN CANDIDATES ARE TRYING TO FRAME IT AS ABOUT CRIMEO TRY TO GAIN AN UPPER HAND AMONG ASIAN AMERICAN VOTERS ON THAT ISSUE. AS LONG AS ASIAN AMERICANS PERCEIVE THESE AS ACTS OF DISCRIMINATION AND OF HATE, CHANCES ARE THE DEMOCRATIC PARTY IS MORE LIKELY TO BENET. REPORTER: SINCE 2018, THERE HAS BEEN MORE ATTENTION PAID TO AAPI VOTERS AND THEIR INFLUENCE IN THE ELECTORATE. CAN YOU EXPLAIN HOW THE PARTIES ARE IMPROVING OR NOT IMPROVING

THEIR OUTREACH? >> WE HAVE BEEN RESEARCHING THIS SINCE THE 2012 SURVEY. IT HAS NOT CHANGED THAT MUCH. STILL OVER 50% OF THE COMMUNITY IS NOTEING CONTACTED BY THE DEMOCRATS OR THE REPUBLICANS. WE KNOW THEY ARE CHIPPING AWAY AND IMPROVING EVERY CYCLE. THIS CYCLE WE ARE ALSO SEEING THERE ARE MORE ASIAN AMERICAN AND PACIFIC ISLANDER ORGANIZERS THAT ARE BEING HIRED BY BOTH PARTIES. THERE ARE MORE INVESTMENTS IN TERMS OF DIRECT MAIL, PHONE BANKING AND CANVASSING AS WELL AS ENGAGEMENT WITH THE ETHNIC PRESS. THIS ALSO DEMONSTRATES WHEN YOU LOOK AT HOW MANY OF THE ASIAN AMERICAN AND PACIFIC ISLANDER ELECTORATE IDENTIFY WITH THE PARTIES, IT RANGES FROM 20% AS HIGH AS 43% FOR THE CHINESE-AMERICAN COMMUNITY. WHAT THAT TELLS ME AS THE PARTIES ARE NOT DOING ENOUGH TO EDUCATE OUR COMMUNITY AND DO LONG-TM ENGAGEMENT WITH OUR COMMUNITY PAST THE ELECTIONS.

REPORTER: WHAT DO WE KNOW SO FAR ABOUT YOUTH VOTER TURNOUT AMONG THE AAPI VOTERS? >> WE SAW A RECORD INCREASE PARTICULARLY AMONG YOUNGER VOTERS, 18-35. THESE TEND TO BE THE MOST PROGRESSIVE VOTERS ON A RANGE OF ISSUES. A BIG QUESTION WILL BE, WILL THE YOUTH TURNOUT AND MATCH WHAT WE SAW IN 2018? ON ONE HAND YOU HAVE ISSUES LIKE ABORTION, REPRODUCTIVE RIGHTS, STUDENT DEBT THAT MIGHT MOTIVATE THEM TO VOTE BUT INFLATION AND ECONOMIC DIFFICULTIES MAY DEMOBILIZE SOME OF THOSE VOTERS AS WELL SO THAT WILL BE AN IMPORTANT QUESTION IN THIS ELECTION IN TERMS OF WHAT YOUTH TURNOUT WILL LOOK LIKE BECAUSE THAT WILL HAVE AN IMPACT IN TERMS OF WHAT THE OVERALL LEVEL OF DEMOCRATIC VERSUS REPUBLICAN SUPPORT WILL LOOK LIKE IN THIS ELECTION. REPORTER: THANK YOU FOR YOUR TIME. ♪ JUDY: HEADING INTO THE FINAL

DAYS OF THE MIDTERMS, LARGE PARTS OF THE REPUBLICAN BASE REMAIN FERVENT BELIEVERS AND FORMER PRESIDENT DONALD TRUMP'S LIES THAT HE WON THE LAST ELECTION. LISA DESJARDINS SITS DOWN WITH THE AUTHOR OF A NEW BOOK LOOKING INTO WHAT HE CALLS A POLITICS OF HYSTERIA. LISA: SEVERAL RECENT EVENTS -- SEVERAL RECENT BOOKS TRY TO MAKE SENSE OF JANUARY 6 AND FORMER PRESIDENT DONALD TRUMP'S REACH BUT ONE, "WEAPONS OF MASS DELUSION" FOCUS IN ON SOME OF THE STARS. THE AUTHOR IS JOINING ME NOW. THERE HAS BEEN SOME NEWS THAT OVERLAPS WITH THE THEMES IN YOUR BOOK. WHEN YOU LOOK AT THE RIGHT AND THE REPORTING AND WHAT WE KNOW ABOUT THE ATTACK ON PAUL PELOSI, WHAT DO YOU THINK OF IT? >> I THINK IT FALLS UNDER THE CATEGORY OF TERRIBLY SHOCKING AND NOT TERRIBLY SURPRISING. WE HAVE SEEN WHAT BEGAN AS THE COARSENING OF POLITICAL RHETORIC

BECOME DEMONIZATION OF THE OTHER SIDE. I'M NOT PUTTING THIS ON ANYONE IN PARTICULAR BUT I DO THINK VIOLENCE AGAINST THE SPEAKERS HUSBAND IS SOMETHING THAT HAS BEEN FORESHADOWED. REPORTER: YOUR BOAT GETS AT SOMETHING I HAVE BEEN WRESTLING WITH DAILY WHICH IS GROUP THINKING AND MOB MENTALITY. I WANT TO ASK YOU TO READ A PASSAGE THAT SPARKED SOME THOUGHT FOR ME ESPECIALLY. >> I CONCLUDE THIS WAY -- AMID THE TANGLED THREADS OF AMERICAN LIFE, ONLY ONE STRAND STOOD OUT PEOPLE. -- EVIL. IT WAS OMNIPRESENT, STABLE AND ODDLY STABILIZING. A KIND OF DARK LODESTAR TO MEASURE ONE'S THINKING AGAINST. SO LONG AS THERE WAS EVIL, THERE WAS RIGHTEOUSNESS. IDENTIFY EVIL AND THE DETAILS DID NOT MATTER. THE FACTS DID NOT MATTER.

REPORTER: WHEN I WAS TWEETING MY REPORTING ABOUT THE ATTACK ON PAUL PELOSI I SAW AN UNPRECEDENTED NUMBER OF RESPONSES THAT WERE JUST VILE, BLAMING PAUL PELOSI, CONSPIRACIES AND BEYOND. SOME REPUBLICAN LAWMAKERS HAVE REPEATED THOSE IDEAS IN THE LAST FEW DAYS. >> THEY ARE PREPOSTEROUS BUT THEY HAVE AN ANTECEDENT. THE WAY THE SPEAKER HAS BEEN TARGETED OVER THE YEARS AND NOT JUST BEEN THE BUTT OF JOKES BUT REALLY HAS BEEN OBJECTIFIED AS ALMOST A DEMON FORCE OF THE LEFT. REPORTER: GIVEN THAT, WHAT DID YOU LEARN ABOUT SO MANY AMERICANS THAT ARE SMART COME TO BELIEVE IN THINGS LIKE ELECTION DENIAL? THINGS THAT ARE SO GLARINGLY FALSE. >> THEY DWELL IN AN ECOSYSTEM WHERE THAT IS ALL THEY HEAR AND KNOW. THE INFLUENCERS IN THE MEDIA AND OFFICEHOLDERS AND NEIGHBORS TOLD THEM THIS. ALL OF THEIR INFORMATION SOURCES TELL THEM THIS. LACKING ANY ALTERNATIVE VOICE OR REASON TO SEEK OUT AN ALTERNATIVE VOICE, THEY COME TO

BELIEVE THAT UP IS DOWN AND BLACK IS WHITE. REPORTER: AND THEY BELIEVE THEY ARE THE HEROES. >> THEY BELIEVE THE STAKES ARE EXISTENTIAL AND THE OTHER SITE IS EVIL AND THAT THEY ARE PATRIOTIC. AND THAT NOTION JUSTIFIES THE INSURRECTION THAT TOOK PLACE ON JANUARY 6. REPORTER: YOU SKETCH OUT SOME CHARACTERS THAT ARE OFTEN PORTRAYED IN ALMOST CARTOONISH WAYS BUT ABOVE ALL, MARJORIE TAYLOR GREENE. WHAT DRIVES HER, AND DO YOU THINK SHE IS THE FUTURE OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY? >> IT HAS BEEN TEMPTING TO SAY THAT WHAT DRIVES HER IS A LUST FOR ATTENTION. PART OF IT IS TRUE. ONE SHOULD ALSO TAKE HER AT HER WORD THAT SHE DECIDED TO RUN FOR CONGRESS IN 2019 BECAUSE REPUBLICANS IN HER VIEW WERE NOT DOING ENOUGH AND WHEN SHE WENT TO GO VISIT WITH REPUBLICANS OR TRIED TO ON CAPITOL HILL IN EARLY 2019, SHE COULD NOT GET THEM TO TALK TO HER. I THINK THERE IS A SENSE OF VENDETTA AGAINST HER OWN PARTY

THAT SHE CARRIES TO THIS DAY. THAT WAS ONE REASON WHY SHE RAN. THE TENDENCY IS TO FOCUS ON SOMEONE LIKE MARJORIE GREENE AND MATT GAETZ AND OTHERS D VIEW THEM AS THE PERFORMATIVE WING OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. THE COROLLARY IS TO IGNORE THE PERFORMERS AND THEY WILL GO AWAY. THAT YOU ARE ONLY GIVING THEM OXYGEN. IT IS ALLIED BY THE FACT THAT MARJORIE GREENE HAS GROWN IN INFLUENCE IN HER OWN PARTY. SHE IS A TOP FUNDRAISER. LEADERSHIP IS SCARED OUT OF THEIR MINDS. THEY ARE OFFERING HER PLUM COMMITTEE ASSIGNMENTS. AND SHE IS VERY LIKELY TO CONTROL THE AGENDA. REPORTER: YOU HAVE TALKED TO HER AND AMONG YOUR TAKEAWAYS IS HER COMPLETE DISREGARD FOR KEVIN MCCARTHY WHO IS IN POSITION TO BECOME SPEAKER SHOULD THEY GAIN THE MAJORITY WHICH THEY COULD. WHAT DO YOU THK THAT KIND OF REPUBLICAN MAJORITY WOULD LOOK LIKE GIVEN YOUR REPORTING IN YOUR BOOK? >> THE FIRST THING THAT IS LIKELY TO HAPPEN AS RJORIE

GREENE SAID TO ME IS THERE WILL BE A LOT OF INVESTIGATIONS. SHE TENDS TO BE AT THE CENTER OF THAT. SHE THINKS SHE WILL GET ON A JUDICIARY COMMITTEE. THE GUY WHO IS LIKELY TO BE THE CHAIR OF OVERSIGHT, JAMES COMER HAS SAID HE WOULD WELCOME HER. WE CAN EXPECT INVESTIGATIONS RELATING TO THE PANDEMIC, HUNTER BIDEN'S LAPTOP ETC. WE CAN ALSO EXPECT THERE TO BE IMPEACHMENT INQUIRIES. GREENE HAS BEEN SUBMITTING RESOLUTIONS FOR IMPEACHMENT SINCE LITERALLY BIDEN'S FIRST FULL DAY IN OFFICE. WHAT HAPPENS AFTER THAT REINS TO BE SEEN. THERE COULD BE SOCIAL WEDGE ISSUES TIED TO THE DEBT CEILING BUT THAT WILL BE IN A HOSTAGE SITUATION. REPORTER: DO YOU THINK KEVIN MCCARTHY CAN CONTROL MARJORIE TAYLOR GREENE AND HER ALLIES? >> MANY HAVE SAID IF MCCARTHY GETS MAJORITY OF 25% THAT HE CAN DISREGARD GREENE. THE FACT IS THEY ARE PAYING ATTENTION TO ME, THEY ARE

HUMORING ME OR WHATEVER BECAUSE I REPRESENT THE BASE OF THE PARTY WHICH IS STILL CONTROLLED BY DONALD TRUMP. REPORTER: THE TITLE OF YOUR BOOK IS -- WEAPONS OF MASS DELUSION. HOW DEEP DOES THE DELUSION GO? HOW DANGEROUS IS IT FOR THE COUNTRY? >> IT IS DEEP AND DANGEROUS. I AM GLAD YOU ASKED THAT, BECAUSE IT IS THE REAL FOCUS OF THE BOOK. THE DELUSION OF TENS OF MILLIONS OF AMERICANS WHO CONTINUE TO BELIEVE THAT THE 2020 ELECTION WAS STOLEN AND THAT DEMOCRATS CHEAT TO WIN BUT ALSO BELIEVE THE COROLLARY LIES. FOR EXAMPLE, JANUARY 6 WAS EITHER THE WORK OF ANTIFA OR A PEACEFUL PROTEST OR STAGED BY THE FBI. THEY BELIEVE COVID VACCINES ARE INEFFECTUAL OR KILLERS. REPORTER: ALL UNTRUE. >> THAT IS RIGHT. WHEN YOU HAVE A PARTY THAT IS BASED ON TENS OF MILLIONS OF INDIVIDUALS BELIEVING IN THINGS THAT ARE PROVABLY FALSE, YOU

HAVE TO ASK WHEN WILL TRUTH THE RESTORED? AND IN THE ABSENCE OF TRUTH BEING RESTORED WHAT DOES ONE , MAKE OF A PARTY WHOSE PLATFORM IS THE STUFF OF LIES. WHAT DOES THAT DO TO OUR DEMOCRACY? IT IS A SCARY SITUATION. REPORTER: THANK YOU FOR YOUR REPORTING. THE BOOK IS WEAPONS OF MASS DELUSION. THANK YOU. ♪ JUDY: IT IS THE DEADLIEST CONFLICT IN THE WORLD. AS MANY AS HALF A MILLION PEOPLE HAVE DIED IN ETHIOPIA IN A BRUTAL CIVIL WAR BETWEEN THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT AND THE NORTHERN PROVINCE OF TIGRE. YESTERDAY, THE TWO SIDES SIGNED A TRUCE BUT ENORMOUS CHALLENGES REMAIN AHEAD. REPORTER: THEY HAVE AIMED THEIR GUNS AT EACH OTHER FOR TWO YEARS BUT YESTERDAY THEY SIGNED TO -- YESTERDAY THEY PROMISED TO SILENCE THE GUNS PERMANENTLY.

ETHIOPIA'S FEDERAL GOVERNMENT AND THE LIBERATION FRONT SIGNED A TRUCE THAT REQUIRES FORCES TO DISARM AND RECOGNIZE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT CONTROL. ETHIOPIA AGREED TO HALT ITS MILITARY OFFENSIVE AND FURTHER ENHANCE ITS COLLABORATION WITH HUMANITARIAN AGENCIES TO CONTINUE EXPEDITING AID. THE FORMER NIGERIAN PRESIDENT LED THE NEGOTIATIONS. >> THIS MOMENT IS NOT THE END OF PEACE PROCESS BUT THE BEGINNING OF IT. REPORTER: RELIEF CANNOT COME SOON ENOUGH. MORE THAN 5 MILLION NEED URGENT FOOD AID. THE WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION CALLS IT THE WORST HUMANITARIAN CRISIS IN THE WORLD. >> WE ARE NOT ABLE TO TREAT OUR PATIENTS. WE ARE SEEING PATIENTS DYING. PORTER: THIS SURGEON WORKS AT THE ONLY FUNCTIONING HOSPITAL AND HAS NOT RECEIVED ANTIBIOTICS FOR A YEAR AND A HALF. THERE HAS NOT BEEN INSULIN OR DIALYSIS FOR MORE THAN THREE MONTHS. >> ALMOST EVERY KIND OF MEDICINE THAT IS REQUIRED FOR TREATMENT OF PATIENTS NOTHING HAS COME

, THROUGH TO THE HOSPITAL. REPORTER: DESPERATE PATIENTS LINED UP ONLY TO BE TOLD THERE IS NO TREATMENT. >> WE ARE ONE OF THE PROFESSIONALS THAT TREAT PATIENTS BUT THE BAD NEWS IS WE ARE SORRY, WE CANNOT TREAT YOU. REPORTER: INTERNATIONAL HUMANITARIAN ORGANIZATIONS HAVE ACCUSED ETHIOPIAN FORCES OF WIDESPREAD ATROCITIES AND GENDER-BASED VIOLENCE. THE CRISIS BEGAN IN NOVEMBER 2020. FORCES THAT USED TO RUN THE COUNTRY ATTACKED A FEDERAL OUTPOST. FEDERAL FORCES AND ALLIES FROM ERITREA WAGED A SCORCHED EARTH CAMPAIGN. IN JUNE 2021, FORCES PUSHED FEDERAL SOLDIERS OUT BY THE GOVERNMENT LAUNCHED A SIEGE. ETHIOPIA BLOCK HUMANITARIAN AID FROM ENTERING AND EVEN DETAINED TRUCK DRIVERS. THIS LAST MARCH THE SIDES SIGNED AN INITIAL CEASE-FIRE BUT IN AUGUST ETHIOPIA RELAUNCHED THE CAMPAIGN AND SEIZED KEY CITIES. THE CAMPAIGN REDUCED PARTS OF THE AREA TO RUBBLE.

AN AIRSTRIKE KILLED SEVERAL CHILDREN HITTING A KINDERGARTEN. REPORTER: THAT IS THE COMBAT THAT ETHIOPIA PROMISES TO END. TO DISCUSS THIS MORE WE ARE JOINED BY THE FORMER ETHIOPIAN MINISTER FOR WOMEN, CHILDREN AND YOUTH. SHE WAS THE YOUNGEST MINISTER IN THE PRESIDENT'S CABINET BUT RESIGNED LAST YEAR IN PROTEST. WELCOME TO THE NEWSHOUR. HOW SIGNIFICANT DO YOU BELIEVE IS THIS TRUCE? >> I THINK IT IS VERY IMPORTANT THAT WE FINALLY REACHED TO THIS MOMENT AND IT IS GOING TO BE VERY IMPORTANT FOR THE COUNTRY ESPECIALLY FOR THE NORTHERN PARTS OF ETHIOPIA WHICH WILL BRING A TWO-YEAR CONFLICT TO AN END. REPORTER: SOME OF THE CONCERNS ABOUT THE TRUCE THAT HAVE BEEN RAISED DOES NOT INCLUDE ERITREA OR AN ETHIOPIAN ALLY IN EASTERN ETHIOPIA. COULD THOSE BE SPOILERS GOING

FORWARD? >> FROM WHAT WE HAVE SEEN FROM THE AGREEMENT, IT IS FOCUSING ON THE INTERNAL WHICH IS THE CONFLICT BETWEEN THE ETHIOPIAN GOVERNMENT AND THE REGIONAL GOVERNMENT. IT WAS A CONFLICT THAT STARTED WITH A BLITZKRIEG BUT IT WAS NOT SUCCESSFUL. THAT -- WE AS ETHIOPIANS, LET US DISCUSS THE DIFFERENCES IN A ROUNDTABLE AND THEN COME BACK TO EXTERNAL FACTORS. REPORTER: NOT ONLY WAS THE LITZ -- THE LITZ KRIEG UNSUCCESSFUL BUT ETHIOPIA LAUNCHED HUMANITARIAN CRISIS INTO THE REGION ACCORDING TO OFFICIALS I SPOKE WITH. MORE CIVILIANS DIED FROM THAT THAN DIED FROM ANY OF THE COMBAT AND HUMANITARIAN GROUPS TELL ME THERE WAS A DELIBERATE

CAMPAIGN TO WITHHOLD AID. THIS AGREEMENT DOES NOT FORCE THE ETHIOPIAN GOVERNMENT TO ALLOW AID INTO THE REGION. DOES THAT CONCERN REMAIN TODAY? >> THERE WAS A SIEGE FOR MORE THAN TWO YEARS NOW. I THINK BOTH SIDES ARE BLAMING EACH OTHER BUT I WOULD DEFINITELY CALL OUT FOR THE GOVERNMENT TO SAY THAT THE BUCK STOPS WITH THE GOVERNMENT. THEY ARE THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT AND SHOULD BE PUTTING PEOPLE OVER POLITICS. I BELIEVE THE GOVERNMENT HAS A ROLE TO PLAY IN THIS AND THEY SHOULD ABSOLUTELY TAKE THIS PEACE DEAL IN A WAY THEY CAN FIND A WAY TO HEAL THE PEOPLE. REPORTER: YOU BECAME MINISTER IN MARCH 2020 AND RESIGNED A YEAR AND A HALF LATER BECAUSE OF THE GOVERNMENT'S FAILURE TO BRING PERPETRATORS OF WAR CRIMES INCLUDING MASS RAPE TO ACCOUNT. WHAT DID YOU AND YOUR MINISTRY FIND? >> WE SET UP A TASK FORCE TO GO

ON THE GROUND AND TO FIND WHAT HAS BEEN HAPPENING IN THE REGION AFTER THE GOVERNMENT TOOK OVER. WE FOUND A LOT OF ATROCITIES TOOK PLACE ESPECIALLY BY THE GOVERNMENT. AND MILITIA AS WELL. THAT IS NOT TO SAY -- THEY INTERESTINGLY DID NOT COMMIT ANY CRIMES. WE FOCUSED ON THE AREA WHERE THE MAIN CONFLICT WAS TAKING PLACE. WHAT WE FOUND WAS ABSOLUTELY HORRENDOUS. IT WAS REALLY HARD TO SHAKE. FOR ME IT WAS NEVER ABOUT WHO COMMITTED THOSE CRIMES BUT IT WAS WHO IT WAS COMMITTED TO AND IT WAS THE WOMAN AND THE INNOCENT GIRLS. WE HAD TO SPEAK OUT. THAT LED TO A LOT OF PRESSURE. WE WERE NOT ABLE TO USE ANY MEANS OF GOVERNMENT MEDIA TO

COME OUT AND SPEAK TO THE PUBLIC AND OTHER RELEVANT STAKEHOLDERS. REPORTER: WHO PRESSURED YOU? >> GOVERNMENT. REPORTER: THE ETHIOPIAN GOVERNMENT. >> THE GOVERNMENT I WAS SERVING. REPORTER: WHAT DOES JUSTICE LOOK LIKE FOR THE VICTIMS? >> THE HOSTILITIES MUST CEASE. WE ARE SEEKING ACCOUNTABILITY FOR THE CRIMES OF HUMAN RIGHTS VIOLATIONS ESPECIALLY THE ONES TARGETING PEOPLE AND THE SYSTEMATIC RAPE OF WOMEN AND GIRLS FROM BOTH SIDES. REPORTER: THE FORMER MINISTER IN THE FEDERAL ETHIOPIAN GOVERNMENT, THANK YOU VERY MUCH. >> THANK YOU FOR HAVING ME. ♪ JUDY: WE KNOW THAT DRUG

OVERDOSES AND THE OPIOID EPIDEMIC HAVE RISEN DRAMATICALLY OVER THE LAST TWO DECADES CAUSING HUNDREDS OF THOUSANDS OF DEATHS. ALCOHOL USE AND ABUSE IS A HUGE PROBLEM AS WELL, ONE THAT GETS FAR LESS ATTENTION. A NEW STUDY DOCUMENTS HOW BIG A TOLL IT IS TAKING ON AMERICAN LIVES. JOHN YANG HAS THE DETAILS. JOHN: E STUDY WHICH IS FROM THE CENTERS FOR DISEASE CONTROL AND PREVENTION FOUND THAT BETWEEN 25 AND 2019 ONE IN EIGHT WORKING AGE AMERICANS DIED FROM EXCESSIVE DRINKING. AMONG THOSE AGES 20-49, ONE IN FIVE DEATHS WAS ATTRIBUTABLE TO ALCOHOL. 20-34, ONE IN FOUR. OVERALL, WORKING AGE AMERICANS ACCOUNTED FOR NEARLY TWO THIRDS OF THE NATIONS ANNUAL AVERAGE OF 140,000 ALCOHOL-RELATED DEATHS. AN INDEPENDENT JOURNALIST WHO COVERS HEALTH FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES.

THANKS SO MUCH FOR JOINING US I KNOW YOU WATCHHE SITUATION CAREFULLY. WHAT STRUCK YOU OR STOOD OUT TO YOU FROM THIS REPORT? >> THE CDC ONLY DO THIS KIND OF ANALYSIS AND RELEASE THOSE FULL ACCOUNTING OF ALCOHOL DEATHS EVERY FEW YEARS AND THE TRENDS HAVE BEEN GOING UP FOR A LONG TIME BUT IT IS STILL SHOCKING WHEN YOU SEE AT THAT IT IS KILLING ABOUT 140,000 AMERICANS A YEAR. TWO THIRDS OF THOSE DEATHS ARE PEOPLE IN THE WORKING AGE OF 20-64. IT IS NOT ONLY A HUGE PUBLIC HEALTH PROBLEM BUT IT IS CUTTING INTO PEOPLE AT THE CORE OF THEIR LIFE. IT IS NEGLECTED AS A CRISIS. REPORTER: SO MUCH ATTENTION HAS BEEN GIVEN TO OPIOIDS IN RECENT YEARS. CAN YOU COMPARE THE TWO? >> THE COUNTRY HAS BEEN JUGGLING A LOT OF PUBLIC HEALTH CHALLENGES THE LAST TWO YEARS AND WE HAVE OUR PLATE FULL AND WE ARE RIGHTLY GIVING A LOT OF

ATTENTION TO OPIOID OVERDOSE DEATHS. THEY HAVE BEEN CLIMBING. I HAVE DONE A LOT OF REPORTING ON THAT AS WELL. THOSE DEATHS COME TO AROUND 100,000 PEOPLE A YEAR. ALCOHOL KILLS MORE PEOPLE THAN OPIOIDS AND GETS A FRACTION OF THE ATTENTION. REPORTER: WHY DOES IT NOT GET A LOT OF ATTENTION? THIS IS A SUBSTANCE THAT IS LARGELY LEGAL AND LIGHTLY REGULATED COMPARED TO OPIOIDS. DOES THAT CREATE THE IMPRESSION IT IS NOT A PROBLEM? >> ALCOHOL IS A POPULAR COMMODITY. IT IS STILL A MINORITY OF AMERICANS THAT PARTAKE. BUT IT HAS HUGE SOCIETAL COSTS. I THINK WE UNDER APPRECIATE THE HARMS BECAUSE SOME OF THEM ARE SCATTERED ACROSS THE HEALTH SYSTEM. PEOPLE TEND TO THINK OF ALCOHOL AND ITS IMPACT ON THE ROADWAYS IN TERMS OF DRUNK DRIVING AND ACCIDENTS AND DO NOT RECOGNIZE THE HUGE NUMBER OF DEATHS

IT CONTRIBUTES TO. THE CDC PUT TOGETHER 58 CAUSES OF DEATH THAT ARE ALCOHOL ATTRIBUTABLE INCLUDING BREAST CANCER AMONG WOMEN, IT IS THOUGHT TO CONTRIBUTE TO CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE. R ALL OF THOSE REASONS COME -- ONLY WHEN THE CDC PUTS THESE CAUSES TETHER DO WE GET A FULL PICTURE OF THE CATASTROPHIC DAMAGE IT IS DOING. REPORTER: THE DATA IN THE STUDY GOES UP TO 2019 BECAUSE OF HOW THEY COLLECT THE DATA. OBVIOUSLY BEFORE THE PANDEMIC. DURING THE PANDEMIC, WITH SOCIAL ISOLATION, WAS THERE ANY SENSE THIS MAY HAVE GOTTEN WORSE? >> THE DATA THE CDC PUTS TOGETHER IN THIS COMPREHENSIVE WAY IS ALREADY A FEW YEARS OUT OF DATE. THE PRELIMINARY DATA WE HAVE FROM 2020 SAID JUST SOME KINDS OF ALCOHOL-RELATED DEATHS JUMPED

CONSIDERABLY THAT YEAR AND THERE WAS A PERIOD OF TIME WHERE PEOPLE APPEARED TO HAVE BEEN DRINKING MORE FREQUENTLY, DRINKING AT HOME AND AT A HIGHER VOLUME. THE NUMBERS AS THEY COME IN NOW FOR THIS YEAR AND IN FUTURE YEARS ARE LIKELY TO BE EVEN WORSE. REPORTER: THE STUDY ALSO SHOWS WIDE DISPARITY IN ALCOHOL-RELATED DEATHS FROM REGION TO REGION. IN NEW MEXICO, IT WAS INCREDIBLY HIGH. YOU LOOKED AT NEW MEXICO. WHAT IS GOING ON THERE? WHY IS IT SO HIGH THERE? >> THE STATE IS HEAD AND SHOULDERS ABOVE OTHER STATES IN THE NUMBER OF ALCOHOL-RELATED DEATHS IT HAS AND THE STUDY SHOWS THAT IN NEW MEXICO PEOPLE THAT DIED BETWEEN THE AGES OF 28-39, ONE IN THREE AS ALCOHOL-RELATED AND THAT IS DUE TO A CONSTELLATION OF FACTORS HAVING TO DO WITH THE REGION, THE POVERTY OF THE STATE, DISPARITIES WITHIN THE STATE, A SYSTEM STILL CATCHING UP. RESEARCHERS SAY IT ALSO HAS TO DO WITH A WEAK POLICY

ENVIRONMENT. NEW MEXICO HAS TYPICALLY NOT EMBRACED A LOT OF THE MEASURES THAT SCIENTISTS SAY WOULD BE IMPORTANT FOR ADDRESSING EXCESS ALCOHOL USE. REPORTER: WHAT ARE SOME OF THOSE MEASURES? THE STUDY GIVES US A SENSE OF THE SIZE OF THE PROBLEM. WHAT ARE THE MEASURES AND SOLUTIONS THAT COULD BE USED? >> DR. MARISSA ESSER, THE HEAD OF THE CDC'S ALCOHOL PROGRAM TOLD ME THAT EVIDENCE-BASED STRATEGIES ARE OUT THERE AND UNDERUSED. THE ONES SHE TICKED OFF AS TOP PRIORITIES AREO INCREASE THE PRICE OF ALCOHOL BY USING ALCOHOL TAXES TO DO SO AND THAT IS A MATTER OF SIMPLE ECONOMICS THAT WHEN PRICES GO UP, DEMAND HAS TO GO DOWN. CONTRARY TO THAT EVIDENCE, THE U.S. CONGRESS LAST YEAR MADE PERMANENT REDUCTIONS IN THE ALCOHOL TAXES AND THTREND ACROSS MOST STATES HAS BEEN TO ALLOW THOSE TAXES TO SHRINK CONTROLLING FOR POPULATION. ALCOHOL IS MORE AFFORDABLE TODAY

FOR MOST THEN IT HAS BEEN IN AMERICAN HISTORY. REPORTER: JOURNALIST TED ALCORN, THANK YOU VERY MUCH. ♪ JUDY: THIS WEEKEND NEARLY ALL OF US WILL SET OUR CLOCKS BACK ONE HOUR AS PART OF THE ICE A YEAR RITUAL OF ALTERNATING BETWEEN DAYLIGHT SAVING TIME AND STANDARD TIME. AS WILLIAM REPORTS, THERE IS A MOVEMENT UNDERWAY TO DO AWAY WITH THIS PROCESS ONCE AND FOR ALL. REPORTER: LIKE ALMOST ALL OF US IN THE COUNTRY, SCOTT YATES IS ABOUT TO SET HIS CLOCKS BACK ONE HOUR AS WE DO EVERY FALL WHEN THE NATION FALLS BACK TO STANDARD TIME. BUT HE LIKE A GROWING NUMBER OF AMERICANS IS SICK OF IT. >> IF SOMEONE SNUCK INTO YOUR HOUSE AND CHANGED YOUR ALARM CLOCKS AND IT WENT OFF AN HOUR EARLIER THAN YOUR BODY WAS EXPECTING, YOU WOULD BE SO MAD

AND YET THE GOVERNMENT DOES IT EVERY YEAR. WE ARE SO SLEEP DEPRIVED, WE DON'T KNOW HOW TO RESPOND. REPORTER: IN EVERY STATE BUT ARIZONA AND HAWAII CLOCKS SPRING FORWARD IN EARLY MARCH TO START DAYLIGHT SAVING TIME AND FALL BACK IN EARLY NOVEMBER TO BEGIN STANDARD TIME. A FEW YEARS AGO HIS WIFE TOLD HIM TO DO SOMETHING. HE STARTED A BLOG COMPILING REPORTS ABOUT WHY WE CHANGE THE CLOCK, THE ECONOMIC IMPACT AND STRIKING EVIDENCE THAT THIS BACK AND FORTH SWITCHING CAN HARM PEOPLE'S HEALTH. >> YOU CAN COMPARE THE HEART ATTACK DATA OF THE MONDAY AFTER THE SPRING FORWARD TIME CHANGE IN PLACES THAT DO HOW THE CHANGE VERSUS THOSE THAT DO NOT LIKE ARIZONA. THEY DO NOT HAVE THE SPIKE IN HEART ATTACKS THE MONDAY MORNING AFTEIN ARIZONA BUT EVERYWHERE ELSE. IT BECOMES PRETTY CLEAR EVIDENCE. IT IS A GLITCH IN THE WAY WE OPERATE THE CLOCKS AND IT IS A DEADLY GLITCH. REPORTER: HE BECAME SOMETHING OF A GO TO EXPERT TESTIFYING BEFORE

STATE LEGISLATURES AND EVEN TRYING AN UNSUCCESSFUL RUN FOR CONGRESS IN COLORADO ALL FOCUSED ON THIS ISSUE OF STOPPING THE BIANNUAL CHANGE. IT IS AN IDEA THAT IS GAINING POPULARITY. IN THE LAST FEW YEARS, 19 STATES HAVE PASSELEGISLATION TO DO AWAY WITH THE SWITCH AND MAKE DAYLIGHT SAVING TIME PERMANENT EVEN THOUGH FEDERAL LAW PROHIBITS STATES FROM DOING THAT. EARLIER THIS YEAR AND THE SENATE, THE BIPARTISAN SUNSHINE PROTECTION ACT WAS INTRODUCED MAKING DAYLIGHT SAVING TIME PERMANENT STARTING NEXT YEAR. >> DAYLIGHT SAVING TIME BRINGS SUNSHI, SMILES AND SAVINGS. >> I HAVE WATCHED YOUTH SPORTING EVENTS BE CALLED IN THE MIDDLE OR NEAR THE END OF THE GAME BEFORE IT IS CONCLUDED BECAUSE THERE ARE NOT ENOUGH LIGHTS. >> ANY PARENT THAT HAS WORKED SO HARD TO GET A NEWBORN OR TODDLER ON A REGULAR SLEEPING SCHEDULE UNDERSTANDS THE CHAOS CHANGING OUR CLOCKS CREATES FOR NO GOOD REASON.

REPORTER: THE SENATE UNANIMOUSLY PASSED THE BILL IN MARCH BUT IT STUCK IN THE HOUSE OVER WHICH TIME IS THE ONE TO LOCK OUR CLOCKS ONTO. IF THERE IS A GROUNDSWELL TO STOP SWITCHING, WHY DO WE DO IT IN THE FIRST PLACE? WHERE DID THE IDEA COME FROM? I REMEMBER IT WAS TO HELP THE FARMERS AND AMERICA. >> IT IS 100% WRONG, THIS MYTH. REPORTER: DAVID HAS WRITTEN TWO BOOKS ON THE STRANGE HISTORY OF WHY WE CHANGE OUR CLOCKS. HE ALSO WORKED IN THE FEDERAL DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION HELPING TO CRAFT THE POLICY IN THE 1970'S. DURING WORLD WAR I, THE GERMANS CHANGED THEIR CLOCKS TO PRESERVE ENERGY IN THE SUMMER MONTHS AND IN 1918, THE U.S. TRIED THE SAME AND KEPT IT UP DURING BOTH WORLD WARS. >> NOT ONLY DID IT SAVE ENERGY BUT IT LEFT AN EXTRA HOUR IN THE EVENING SO PEOPLE COULD COME HOME FROM WORK AND TEND TO VICTORY GARDENS WHICH WOULD GROW

SOME FOOD EXTRA FOR THE WAR EFFORT. REPORTER: FOR THE NEXT FEW DECADES CITIES AND STATES COULD CHOOSE WHAT TO DO BUT IN THE 1960'S, PRESIDENT JOHNSON SIGNED A LAW SETTING SPECIFIC DATES FOR DAYLIGHT SAVING TIME. IT SAID IF STATES CHOSE TO DO IT IT HAD TO BE STATEWIDE. >> IN THE SHORT-TERM, WE FACE A PROBLEM. REPORTER: IN THE EARLY 1970'S, TRYING TO EASE AN ENERGY CRISIS, PRESIDENT NIXON SIGNED A LAW LOCKING THE CLOCKS ONTO DAYLIGHT SAVING TIME YEAR-ROUND BUT SOON AMERICAN SAW THE DARKER SIDE TO DAYLIGHT SAVING WHICH ADDS MORE SUNSHINE TO THE EVENING BUT TAKES IT FROM THE MORNING. >> WHAT HAPPENED WAS IT SEEMED OK UNTIL THE MIDDLE OF WINTER IN 1974 WHEN IT BECAME VERY UNPOPULAR VERY QUICKLY. VERY PEOPLE REALLY DISLIKED THE WINTER DAYLIGHT SAVING TIME. THEY HAD TO GET UP IN THE PITCH DARK, DISLIKED GOING TO WORK IN THE DARK AND SENDING THEIR KIDS TO SCHOOL IN THE DARK.

REPORTER: PRESIDENT FORD REVERSED COURSE AND WE WENT BACK TO CHANGING OUR CLOCKS TWICE A YEAR WHICH BRINGS US TO TODAY AND THIS MOVEMENT. ACCORDING TO ONE POLL, NEARLY SIX IN 10 AMERICANS WANT TO DITCH THE SWITCHING. THAT COULD MEAN LONGER DAYS IN THE FALL AND WINTER GIVING US MORE LIGHT TO ENJOY THE GREAT OUTDOORS, IT IS PARTLY WHY THE GOLFING INDUSTRY SUPPORTS THE MOVE, SOME HEALTH EXPERTS SAY, NOT SO FAST. >> WAKING UP IN THE PITCH BLACK IS NOT NORMAL FOR OUR BODIES. REPORTER: BETH IS A PEDIATRIC NEUROLOGIST AT VANDERBILT MEDICAL CENTER AND SHE SAYS YES, LATER SUNSETS ARE GREAT BUT STEALING THE MORNING LIGHT CAN HAVE REAL DETRIMENTAL EFFECTS. >> MORNING LIGHT IS KEY IN TERMS OF HELPING PEOPLE HAVE A NORMAL HEALTHY SLEEP CYCLE AND BE ABLE TO GET TO BED AT NIGHT. REPORTER: THE LIGHT YOU ARE EXPOSED TO IN THE MORNING CANNOT

JUST HAVE AN EFFECT ON YOU IN THE MORNING BUT 12, 14, 16 HOURS LATER ON YOUR SLEEP? >> CORRECT. IN AN IDEAL WORLD WE COULD HAVE LIGHT ON BOTH ANTS. -- AT BOTH ENDS. BUT IF WE HAVE TO CHOOSE WHERE TO GET OUR LIGHT, WHERE IS THE MOST HEALTHY PART OF THE DAY TO GET OUR LIGHT, IT IS IN THE MORNINGS FOR THE REASONS I MENTIONED BECAUSE IT HELPS US SYNCHRONIZE OUR BODIES AND OUR BRAINS TO WHAT IS GOING ON IN OUR ENVIRONMENT. REPORTER: SHE ARGUES THAT ON BALANCE IF WE HAVE TO PICK ONE OPTION, PERMANENT STANDARD TIME WOULD BE THE BEST. AFTER HIS YEARS OF STUDYING THE ISSUE, DAVID ARGUES FOR KEEPING THE CURRENT SYEM AND HELPING PEOPLE MANAGE THE TRANSITIONS BETTER. HE SAYS REMEMBER, PERMANENT DAYLIGHT SAVING GIVES YOU SUNNIER EVENINGS BUT MUCH DARKER MORNINGS. >> YOU HAVE MORNINGS IN PLACES LIKE NEW YORK, CHICAGO, DALLAS

AND SAN FRANCISCO -- THE SUN WOULD RISE AT 8:30. IN DETROIT, INDIANAPOLIS, THE SUN WOULD RISE AT 9:00 A.M. IF THE SUN IS RISING AT 8:30 A.M., 9:00, ALMOST EVERYONE IS GOING TO WORK AND SCHOOL IN THE DARK. IT IS A NEGATIVE FOR A LOT OF PEOPLE. REPORTER: WHILE CONGRESS DEBATES THE ISSUE, WE CAN ENJOY A COUPLE MORE OF THESE LONG, AUTUMN EVENINGS BEFORE SUNDAY MORNING WHEN WE FALL BACK INTO DARKNESS. FOR THE PBS "NEWSHOUR," I AM WILLIAM BRANGHAM IN WASHINGTON DC. JUDY: THIS IS FAR TOO CONTROVERSIAL A QUESTION FOR ME TO EXPRESS MY OWN OPINION. THANK YOU, WILLIAM. THAT IS THE NEWSHOUR FOR TONIGHT. JOIN US ONLINE AND HERE TOMORROW EVENING. FOR ALL OF US HERE, THANK YOU, STAY SAFE AND WE WILL SEE YOU SOON. >> MAJOR FUNDING FOR THE PBS NEWSHOUR HAS BEEN PROVIDED BY --

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