PBS NewsHour; Thursday, November 24, 2022, 3:00pm-4:00pm PST

♪ ♪ LIAM: GOOD EVENING AND HAPPY THANKSGIVING. JUDY WOODRUFF IS AWAY. ON THE NEWSHOUR TONIGHT, HUNGER IN AMERICA. INFLATION IS OUTPACING WAGE GROWTH CASTING A SHADOW OVER MANY AMERICANS' THANKSGIVING AS FOOD BANK STRUGGLE TO MEET THE NEED. AND THE EXPANDING ELECTORATE. YOUNG VOTERS MADE THEIR PRESENCE KNOWN IN THE MIDTERMS POTENTIALLY CHANGING POLITICAL CALCULATIONS. AND THE CULTURAL COST. UKRAINE GRAPPLES WITH THE LOSS OF PRICELESS ARTWORK STOLEN BY RUSSIAN FORCES DURING THEIR OCCUPATION. >> THERE WAS NOT EVEN ROOM FOR AN APPLE TO FOLLOW. THERE WERE 14,000 ITEMS IN TODO. HOW MANY ARE LEFT NOW I DON'T KNOW. LIAM: ALL OF THAT AND MORE ON

TONIGHT'S PBS "NEWSHOUR". ♪ ♪ ANNOUNCER: MAJOR FUNDING FOR THE PBS HAS BEEN PROVIDED BY -- ♪ >> THE KENDEDA FUND COMMITTED TO ADVANCING RESTORATIVE JUSTICE AND MEANINGFUL WORK THROUGH INVESTMENTS IN TRANSFORMATIVE LEADERS AND IDEAS. MORE AT KENDEDA FUND DOUG ORG. -- KENDEDA FUND.ORG. CARNEGIE CORPORATION OF NEW YORK. SUPPORTING INNOVATIONS IN EDUCATION, DEMOCRATIC ENGAGEMENT AND THE ADVANCEMENT OF INTERNATIONAL PEACE AND SECURITY AT CARNEGIE.ORG. AND WITH THE ONGOING SUPPORT OF THESE INDIVIDUALS AND INSTITUTIONS. ♪ ♪ ♪ LIAM: THIS PROGRAM WAS MADE

POSSIBLE BY THE CORPORATION FOR PUBLIC BROADCASTING AND BY CONTRIBUTIONS TO YOUR PBS STATION FROM VIEWERS LIKE YOU. THANK YOU. LIAM: THIS DAY OF THANKSGIVING HERE AT HOME HAS BEEN A DAY OF DEPRIVATION IN UKRAINE WHERE MANY ARE GOING WITHOUT WARMTH OR WATER. THE MAYOR SAYS 70% OF THE CITY WAS WITHOUT POWER TODAY AFTER RUSSIAN MISSILES HUNDRED ITS POWER GRID ON WEDNESDAY. THIS MORNING RESIDENTS IN THE UKRAINIAN CAPITAL JOINED LONG LINES TO PICK UP THEIR DAY OF WATER. MANY ARE ADAMANT THEY WILL NEVER GIVEN. >> THE WORST FEELING WE HAD WAS DURING THE FIRST DAYS OFHE WAR WHERE THERE WAS A DANGER THAT OUR SO-CALLED FRIENDS, THE RUSSIANS WOULD GET HERE BUT AS OF NOW WE ONLY HAVE SOME

DISRUPTIONS AND WE WILL GET OVER IT. LIAM: IN MOSCOW ON, -- IN MOSCOW , THEY HAVE SAID RUSSIAN LAWMAKERS APPROVED NEW RESTRICTIONS ON ANYTHING SEEN AS PROMOTING LGBTQ RIGHTS. ADDITIONS TO EXISTING LAW WILL OUTLAW ADVERTISING, BOOKS AND THEATER PRODUCTIONS SAID TO CONTAIN BY THE GOVERNMENT CALLS PROPAGANDA. THE KREMLIN BEGAN MOVING TO QUASH LGBTQ RIGHTS IN 2013 IN AN -- AND IT OUTLAWED SAME-SEX MARRIAGE 2020. U.N. HUMAN RIGHTS COUNCIL HAS VOTED TO CONDEMN IRAN'S PROTESTS AND SET UP AN INDEPENDENT INVESTIGATION. ACTIVISTS SAY THOUSANDS HAVE BEEN ARRESTED AND 400 HAVE BEEN KILLED. A YOUNG WOMAN DIED IN POLICE CUSTODY IN SEPTEMBER AND IN GENEVA TODAY THE U.N. HUMAN RIGHTS COMMISSION ARE CALLED FOR THE IRANIAN LEADERS TO STOP THE SUFFERING.

>> UNNECESSARY AND DISPROPORTIONATE USE OF FORCE MUST COME TO AN END. THE OLD METHODS AND THE FORTRESS AND TELL THOSE WHO WIELD POWER SIMPLY DO NOT WORK. INACT, THEY ONLY AGGRAVATE THE SITUATION. LIAM: IRAN'S REPRESENTATIVE TO THE U.N. COUNCIL DENOUNCED TODAY'S VOTE AS POLITICALLY MOTIVATED. CHINA IS REPORTING ITS HIGHEST COVID-19 DAILY COUNT SINCE NEARLY THREE YEARS AGO. IN RESPONSE LOCKDOWNS AND MASS TESTING AGAIN. IN BEIJING, AUTHORITIES BUILT A NEW ROUND OF METAL BARRICADES AROUND RESIDENTIAL AREAS. PEOPLE ARE ONLY ALLOWED OUT TO BUY FOOD OR SEEK MEDICAL TREATMENT. THOUSANDS OF TEACHERS WALKED OFF THE JOB TODAY IN SCOTLAND DEMANDING BETTER PAY AND WORKING CONDITIONS IN THE FACE OF SOARING INFLATION. THE STRIKE WAS THE FIRST OF ITS KIND IN FOUR DECADES. ELSEWHERE BRITISH WORKERS

PICKETED OUTSIDE POST OFFICES AND UNIVERSITIES IN THE BIGGEST COORDINATED WALKOUT THI YEAR. BACK IN THIS COUNTRY, THE MASS SHOOTINGS IN RECENT DAYS MADE THIS THANKSGIVING A DAY OF MOURNING IN SOME CITIES AND PROMPTED A NEW CALL FOR ACTION. IT CAME FROM PRESIDENT BIDEN AS HE VISITED FIRE FIGHTERS AND FIRST RESPONDERS IN NANTUCKET, MASSACHUSETTS OR HE IS SPENDING THE HOLIDAY. HE AGAIN URGED CONGRESS TO ACT. >> THE IDEA WE STILL ALLOW SEMIOTIC WEAPONS TO BE PURCHASED IS SICK. IT HAS NO SOCIAL REDEEMING VALUE. ZERO. NONE. NOT A SINGLE SOLITARY RATIONALE FOR IT. >> CAN YOU DO ANYTHING ABOUT GUN LAWS DURING A LAME-DUCK SESSION? >> I'M GOING TO TRY. LIAM: CONGRESS DID APPROVE BACKGROUNDHECKS AND RED FLAG LAWS EARLIER THIS YEAR. ELECTION RESULTS AND ALASKA ARE FINALLY IN WITH DEMOCRATS

KEEPING THE ONLY U.S. HOUSE SEAT AND REPUBLICANS HOLDING A SENATE SEAT. DEMOCRATIC REPRESENTATIVE MARY HAS WON A FULL TERM AFTER WINNING A SPECIAL ELECTION LAST MARCH AND THE REPUBLICAN SENATOR, LISA MURKOWSKI HAS BEEN REELECTED AND SHE WAS THE SOLE SENATE REPUBLICAN VOTING TO CONVICT FORMER PRESIDENT TRUMP AT HIS IMPEACHMENT TRIAL LAST YEAR. FORD IS RECALLING MORE THAN 634,000 SUVS WORLDWIDE BECAUSE OF A RISK CRACKED FUEL INJECTORS CAN IGNITE FIRES. THE RECALL RECALLS --. FOR NOW, THE AUTOMAKER IS NOT RECOMMENDING THAT OWNERS STOP DRIVING THE VEHICLES. STILL TO COME ON THE NEWSHOUR, AOL COFOUNDER STEVE CATES DISCUSSES THE SURPRISING ENTREPRENEURS REIMAGINING AMERICA'S ECONOMIC LANDSCAPE. AND AN AWARD-WINNING BAKER FUSES MULTIROLE -- MULTIPLE CULTURAL INFLUENCES IN HIS RECIPES. AND WE EXAMINE THE STORYLINES TO

WATCH IN THE ONGOING WORLD CUP PLUS MUCH MORE. ♪ ANNOUNCER: THIS IS THE PBS NEWSHOUR FROM WETA STUDIOS IN WASHINGTON AND FROM THE WALTER CRONKITE SCHOOL OF JOURNALISM AT ARIZONA STATE UNIVERSITY. LIAM: THIS HOLIDAY AS SO MANY OF US ARE SITTING DOWN WITH FRIENDS AND FAMILY AT TABLES OVER STUFFED WITH FOOD, THERE ARE MILLIONS OF AMERICANS WHO ARE NOT NEARLY SO FORTUNATE. THANKSGIVING DAY IS ALSO A REMINDER OF THE STARK REALITY OF WHAT IS CALLED FOOD INSECURITY. IT IS WIDESPREAD IN THE UNITED STATES AND THERE IS NO OF HE AND INSIGHT. ORGANIZATIONS THAT ADDRESS THIS NEED HAVE SAID THEY HAVE HAD TO RAMP UP THEIR EFFORTS THIS YR AND ONE GROUP IS CALLED FEEDING AMERICA. IN 29 THEY DISTRIBUTED 4.2 MILLION MEALS. IN 2021, THE NUMBER INCREASED BY ONE MILLION TO 5.2 MILLION MEALS. IN 2018, SOME 40 MILLION PEOPLE RECEIVED SOME KIND OF FOOD

CHARITY ASSISTANCE AND LAST YEAR THAT NUMBER JUMPED TO 53 MILLION. EARLIER THIS WEEK I SPOKE WITH THE CHIEF OPERATING OFFICER OF FEEDING AMERICA KATIE FITZGERALD AND WE TALKED ABOUT WHAT IS DRIVING THIS AND WHAT MORE NEEDS TO BE DONE. KATIE FITZGERALD, GREAT TO HAVE YOU ON THE NEWSHOUR. TENS OF MILLIONS OF AMERICANS ARE TECHNICALLY FOOD INSECURE. WHAT IS YOUR SENSE -- DO THE FEDERAL NUMBERS GIVE A FULL AND ACCURATE PICTURE OF THE ISSUE IN THE U.S.? >> THANK YOU, WILLIAM FOR HAVING ME TODAY. IT GIVES US A PERSPECTIVE ON THE ISSUE BUT IT DOES NOT GIVE US A FALL UNDERSTANDING OF WHAT FOOD INCURITY LOOKS LIKE IN THE U.S. FOR INSTANCE, LAST YEAR WE ESTIMATE THAT 53 MILLION PEOPLE ACCESSED THE CHARITABLE FOOD SYSTEM TO HELP MAKE SURE THEY HAD FOOD ON THE TABLE FOR THEMSELVES, FOR THEIR CHILDREN, SENIORS, PEOPLE WITH DISABILITIES. IT IS 20 MILLION MORE OR SO THAN THE FOOD INSECURITY RATE WHICH IS REALLY MEASURING WHETHER

PEOPLE ON A GIVE DAY IF ASKED THAT QUESTION CAN AFFORD TO BUY FOOD. A LOT OF FOLKS ARE MAKING SURE THEY HAVE ENOUGH FOOD BY ACCESSING THE CHARITABLE FOOD SYSTEM. WILLIAM: IT IS INCREDIBLY SHOCKING NUMBERS IN THIS COUNTRY. CAN YOU HELP ME WITH AN ISSUE ABOUT TERMINOLOGY? WHEN WE SAY FOOD INSECURITY VERSUS HUNGER, CAN YOU DELINEATE THE DISTINCTIONS? >> HUNGER IS SOMETHING THAT WE ALL CAN RELATE TO AND THE SENSE THAT WE KNOW THAT FEELING WHEN OUR STOMACH IS GROWLING, WE ARE UNCOMFORTABLE, HAVING TROUBLE FOCUSING. AND WE NEED TO EAT. IT IS OUR PHYSIOLOGY THAT TELLS US WE ARE HUNGRY. AND WE ALL HAVE THAT FEELING. FOOD INSECURITY IS A SOCIOECONOMIC SITUATION THAT PEOPLE FIND THEMSELVES IN WHEN THEY HAVE TO MAKE ECONOMIC TRADE-OFFS AND CUT THEIR FOOD BUDGETS AND LIMIT THE AMOUNT OF FOOD THEY CAN PROCURE FOR THEMSELVES OR THEIR FAMILIES BECAUSE THEY SIMPLY DO NOT HAVE ENOUGH MONEY TO MAKE ENDS MEET,

PAY THEIR RENT OR MORTGAGE AND UTILITIES. THE THINGS THAT ARE NECESSARY. THERE IS A RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE TWO. WE MIGHT NOT BE ABLE TO ERADICATE FOOD INSECURITY FULLY IN THIS COUNTRY BUT WE CAN AND HUNGER DREW A MIX OF PRIVATE SUPPORTS AND PUBLIC BENEFITS. WILLIAM: WHEN YOU LOOK AT THOSE TENS OF MILLIONS OF AMERICANS WHO ARE FOOD INSECURE, WHAT ARE THE PRINCIPAL DRIVERS OF THAT? >> A COMPLEX QUESTION TO BE SURE. A LOT OF WHAT IS DRIVING FOOD INSECURITY IS ESSENTIALLY A MIX OF ECONOMIC PRESSURES ON AMERICAN HOUSEHOLDS. THE PRESSURES OF WAGES NOT EXPERIENCING REAL GROWTH FOR A LONG TIME IN THIS COUNTRY UNTIL RECENTLY BEFORE THE PANDEMIC. HEALTH CARE EXPENSES WHICH HAVE EXPLODED OVER THE LAST FEW DECADES. HIGHER EDUCATION. THE MIX OF THE ECONOMIC PRESSURES ON AMERICAN HOUSEHOLDS FROM A WAGE AND EXPENSE

PERSPECTIVE ARE WHAT IS REALLY KEEPING FOOD INSECURITY RATES HIGHER THAN WHAT THEY SHOULD BE IN A COUNTRY WHERE FOOD IS PLENTIFUL AND WE ARE ONE OF THE RICHEST COUNTRIES ON THE EARTH. WILLIAM: THAT IS A GREAT IRONY. WHEN PEOPLE HEAR THE IDEA OF FOOD INSECURITY AND HUNGER IN A COUNTRY OF SUCH PLENTY, IT IS STRIKING TO SO MANY OF US. WHEN WE THINK BACK TO THE PANDEMIC WHERE SO MANY PEOPLE WERE AT HOME OR OUT OF WORK, THERE WAS ENORMOUS FEDERAL SUPPORT -- SCHOOL MEALS AND OTHERS AND A LOT OF THAT AID HAS DRIED UP OR GONE AWAY AND THAT HAS TO BE ANOTHER CONTRIBUTING FACTOR. >> WE ARE IN ANOTHER PERFECT STORM. WE EXPERIENCED THE PANDEMIC AND SURGE IN FOOD INSECURITY AS A PERFECT STORM AND I WOULD SAY WE ARE IN A NEW ITERATION OF THAT RIGHT NOW AND YOU ARE RIGHT.

MANY PUBLIC SUPPORTS PUT IN PLACE IN RESPONSE TO THE SUDDEN SHUTTERING OF OUR ECONOMY AND PEOPLE LOSING THEIR LIVELIHOODS OVERNIGHT ARE GOING AWAY IF NOT HAVE GONE AWAY. AND INFLATION AND FOOD PRICES ARE NOW PRESENTING A NEW MAJOR LEM FOR PEOPLE'S ABILITY TO FEED THEMSELVES AND THEIR FAMILIES AS I'M SURE THE AUDIENCE KNOWS. SO THE COMBINATION OF FEDERAL BENEFITS BEING DOWN, FOOD PRICES REALLY PUSHING MANY MORE MILLIONS OF AMERICANS INTO FOOD INSECURITY AND THE FOOD BANKS ARE EXPERIENCING THE SAME PRICE INCREASES. THEY ARE GETTING LESS FOR THEIR DOLLAR AND THEY ARE LESS ABLE TO PURCHASE THEIR WAY TO FILL THE GAP. WILLIAM: I KNOW ORGANIZATIONS LIKE YOURS AND OTHER LOCAL FOOD BANKS SAW A GOOD UPTICK IN DONATIONS, FINANCIAL AND TANGIBLE DONATIONS DURING THE PANDEMIC. WHERE DOES THAT STAND NOW? HOW IS GIVING GOING IN THIS COUNTRY?

>> PEOPLE ARE STILL EXTREMELY GENEROUS AND COMMITTED TO THE CAUSE OF ENDING HUNGER IN THE UNITED STATES SO WE ARE GRATEFUL FOR THOSE GIFTS BUT DONATIONS ARE DOWN COMPARED TO THIS TIME LAST YEAR. AND AGAIN, PART OF THE CHALLENGE IS FOOD BANKS ARE HAVING TO SPEND MORE AND THEY ARE GETTING LESS FOOD FOR THEIR DOLLAR. WHAT WE ARE SEEING IS 70% OF THE FEEDING AMERICA FOOD BANKS HAVE TOLD US THEY WILL SPEND MORE PURCHASING FOOD THIS YEAR THAN LAST YEAR AND THEY WILL GET LESS. AND OVER 40% OF OUR FOOD BANKS ARE OPERATING IN A DEFICIT BUDGET IN ORDER TO DO THAT SO THEY ARE DIPPING INTO THE RESERVES COM INTO THE FUNDS THEY RAISED LAST YEAR TO PAY FOR FOOD THAT THEY NEED TODAY. WE ARE REALLY HOPING AND ENCOURAGING PEOPLE THAT CAN TO PROVIDE SOME SUPPORT TO THE FEEDING AMERICA NETWORK AND THAT THEY WILL DO THAT. WILLIAM: THAT IS KATIE FITZGERALD, THE CHIEF OPERATING OFFICER OF FEEDING AMERICA.

THANK YOU FOR BEING HERE TODAY. >> THANK YOU, WILLIAM FOR HAVING ME AND BRINGING GREATER VISIBILITY TO THIS IMPORTANT ISSUE. ♪ WILLIAM: TS MIDTERM CYCLE WITH YOUNG VOTERS TURNING OUT IN HISTORIC NUMBERS DELIVERING DEMOCRATS SOME KEY VICTORIES IN TOSSUP STATES. JOHN YANG HAS MORE. REPORTER: ANALYSTS SAY MILLENNIAL VOTERS AND GEN Z PAID A KEY ROLE IN THE MIDTERM ELECTIONS TO HELP DEMOCRATS STAVE OFF THE REPUBLICAN RED WAVE. THEY WERE A SMALL PORTION OF THE ELECTORATE BUT VOTERS UNDER 30 HAVE SHOWN INCREASED PARTICIPATION IN THE LAST FEW ELECTIONS AND HAVE SUPPORTED DEMOCRATIC CANDIDATES BY BIGGER MARGINS THAN EVER BEFORE. NEW VOICES TO TALK ABOUT THIS VOTING BLOCK. A DIRECTOR OF POLLING AT THE HARVARD KENNEDY SCHOOL INSTITUTE OF POLITICS. HE IS THE AUTHOR OF FIGHT, HOW GEN Z IS CHALLENGING THEIR FEAR

AND PASSION TO SAVE AMERICA AND VICTOR, A STUDENT AT UCLA AND DIRECTOR OF STRATEGY FOR VOTERS OF TOMORROW. IT IS A NONPARTISAN GEN Z CENTERED CIVICS ADVOCACY GROUP. GENTLEMEN, THANK YOU FOR JOINING US. HOW BIG A DIFFERENCE DID THESE VOTERS MAKE IN THE MIDTERMS? >> THANKS F HAVING US. I THINK THEY MADE ALL THE DIFFERENCE. LET ME BREAK IT DOWN FOR YOU SIMPLY. WHEN YOU THINK ABOUT GEN Z AND YOU ADD IN MILLENNIALS, TWO GENERATIONS OF VOTERS WHO HAVE A SIMILAR SET OF VALUES. THEY VOTED FOR DEMOCRATS BY 18 POINTS. PLUS 18 FOR DEMOCRATS. THE UNDER 40 VOTE, 59-41. REPUBLICANS WON THE OVER 40 VOTE WHICH IS MUCH LARGER BY 10 POINTS.

IF NOT FOR GEN Z AND THE COMBINATION OF GEN Z AND MILLENNIALS, I DO THINK WE HAVE THAT RED WAVE THAT SO MANY PEOPLE WERE EXPECTING. GEN Z SPECIFICALLY, THE PEOPLE UNDER 30, INCREASED THEIR LEVEL OF PARTICIPATION RELATIVE TO THE AVERAGE INCREASED THEIR SUPPORT FOR DEMOCRATS AND MADE ALL THE DIFFERENCE IN THE WORLD A COUPLE WEEKS AGO. REPORTER: ARE THERE PARTICULAR RACES WHERE THIS WAS KEY? >> I WILL GIVE YOU SOME EXAMPLES. ONE OF WHICH IS PENNSYLVANIA. A CLOSED RACE. THE UNDER 30 COHORT SUPPORTED JOHN AT 70%. WHEN YOU LOOK WEST TO ARIZONA AS ANOTHER EXAMPLE, MARK KELLY WON THIS COHORT I 50 POINTS. I THINK THE REASON WHY THE DEMOCRAT SENATOR WON IN NEVADA WAS SIMILAR IN ENTHUSIASM AMONG YOUNG PEOPLE.

SHE WON A DOUBLE-DIGIT VICTORY. HER FINAL NUMBER WAS IN THE MID 60'S. AND I THINK WE SAW A HIGHER TURNOUT THAN WE NORMALLY DID EVEN RELATIVE TO 2018 IN NEVADA. THOSE ARE THREE QUICK EXAMPLES OF SOME OF THE RACES THAT TIPPED BECAUSE OF YOUNGER PEOPLE BUT REAL QUICK, THIS IS NOT THE FIRST CYCLE WE HAVE SEEN THIS. IT HAPPENED IN 2018 AND IN 2020. REPORTER: VICTOR, WHAT IS MOTIVATING YOU AND VOTERS LIKE YOU, VOTERS YOUR AGE? AND WHY ARE SO MANY BREAKING FOR DEMOCRATS? >> THE BIGGEST THING WE ARE SEEING IN TERMS OF HAVING CONVERSATIONS WITH YOUNG PEOPLE AND SOME OF THE POLLING WE HAVE SEEN IS THE DOBBS DECISION AND OVERTURNING ROE V. WADE. THAT WAS THE FIRST TIME YOUNG PEOPLE WHO THOUGHT ABORTION WOULD BE A GUARANTEED RIGHT IN THEIR LIFE WAS OVERTURNED BY THE SUPREME COURT. ALONG THE WAY YOU SELL REPUBLICANS ENGAGING IN SUSTAINED EFFORT TO ATTACK OUR LIVES STARTING WITH ABORTION AND GOING INTO CLASSROOMS

CONTROLLING WHAT WE CAN SAY ABOUT RACIAL CONVERSATIONS AND LGBTQ STUFF. ALL OF THIS CONTRIBUTE TO THE OVERWHELMING SENSE AMONG YOUNG PEOPLE THAT REPUBLICANS DO NOT CARE ABOUT OUR LIVES. THAT IS ON ONE HAND. ON THE OTHER, YOU HAVE DEMOCRATS DELIVERING FOR A LOT OF THE THINGS THAT YOUNG PEOPLE CARE ABOUT LIKE CLIMATE CHANGE, EDUCATION REFORM, MAKING SURE WE HAVE RACIAL JUSTICE WITH THE PARDONING OF PEOPLE THAT HAVE MARIJUANA POSSESSION. ONE PARTY CARED FOR US AND ONE THAT DID NOT. THAT IS WHY YOU SELL YOUNG PEOPLE TURN OUT FOR DEMOCRATS. REPORTER: BACK TO THE POINT YOU MADE, JOHN, THIS IS THE THIRD STRAIGHT ELECTION THAT YOU HAVE SEEN THIS. FIRST SO LONG BEFORE YOUNG VOTERS WERE SEEN AND ALSO IN THE TURNOUT WERE UNRELIABLE AS COMPARED TO THE OLDER VOTERS. WHY THE CHANGE? >> I THINK THAT IS A FAIR ASSESSMENT. WHEN BABY BOOMERS WERE YOUNG VOTERS, WHEN GEN X WERE YOUNG

VOTERS, THEY VOTED AT ROUGHLY HALF THE LEVEL THAN THIS GENERATION OF GEN Z. TWO THINGS HAPPENED IN 20 18. PRESIDENT TRUMP'S ELECTION ON THE HEELS OF PRESIDENT OBAMA SHOWED HOW RELEVANT POLITICS CAN BE IN THE LIVES OF YOUNG PEOPLE. THAT IS ONE. PEOPLE BEGAN TO PAY ATTENTION AND SEE THE DIFFERENCE. THE SECOND PART IS ON THE HEELS OF THE TRAGEDY OF PARKLAND. AND THE WORK THAT THOSE YOUNG PEOPLE DID TO CALL ATTENTION T THE EPIDEMIC OF SCHOOL SHOOTINGS, TO MOBILIZE FOLKS, TO REGISTER AND MAKE SURE. THE COMBINATION OF THOSE FACTORS I BELIEVE AWAKENED THE CIVIC SPIRIT WITHIN GEN Z FOR THE FIRST TIME THEY COULD VOTE IN 2018. WE SAW A SIMILAR EFFECT IN 2020. POLITICS IS MEANINGFUL FOR THIS GENERATION.

REPORTER: ARE THEY GOING TO CONTINUE TO BE IMPORTANT IN 2024 ELECTIONS AND BEYOND? >> LIKE WE SAID, WE NOW HAVE TWO GENERATIONS THAT HAVE THE SAME LUES. LINE HEELS AND GEN Z. GEN Z SLIGHTLY MORE PROGRESSIVE BUT TOGETHER THEY OVERWHELMINGLY SUPPORT DEMOCRATS AND TOGETHER THEY WILL BE 40% OF THE ELECTORATE IN 2024. AS VICTOR SAID THE TIME OF BIG NORMING OR NOT TAKING SERIOUSLY OR EVEN MARKING -- MOCKING PEOPLE IS OVER. REPORTER: ARE YOU SEEING YOUR PEERS DOING MORE THAN JUST VOTING> ARE THEY -- ARE YOU SEEING YOUR PEERS DO MORE THAN JUST VOTING? ARE MORE RUNNING FOR OFFICE? >> WITH GEN Z AND YOUNG PEOPLE IN GENERAL, WHAT MADE US SO UNIQUE WAS BEFORE THE ELECTION

WE WERE NOT AFRAID TO GO TO THE STREETS IN PROTEST. YOU SAW THAT WITH THE CLIMATE CHANGE MOVEMENT AND THE BLACK LIVES MATTER MOVEMENT AND THE WOMEN'S MARCH. SO MANY YOUNG PEOPLE GOING TO THE STREETS MAKING THEIR VOICES HEARD. YOU SAW A LOT OF YOUNG PEOPLE GO TO REGISTER TO VOTE AND VOTE. WHAT MADE THIS ELECTION SO SPECIAL COMPARED TO PREVIOUS ELECTIONS IS YOU SAW A HISTORIC NUMBER OF GEN Z-ERS RUNNING FOR OFFICE. AND YOU SAW A HISTORIC NUMBER WINNING OFFICE. LIKE MAX FROST WINNING IN FLORIDA. YOU ALSO HAVE GEN Z-ERS WINNING ACROSS THE COUNTRY AND DOWN BALLOT. ALL ACROSS THE COUNTRY WHAT YOU ARE SEEING IS NOT JUST THE REALITY THAT WE ARE GOING OUT TO THE STREETS AND PROTESTING BUT WE ARE ALSO VOTING AND RUNNING

FOR OFFICE AND WINNING OFFICE AND THAT WILL TRANSLATE INTO TANGIBLE DIFFERENCES. REPORTER: TALK ABOUT THE DIFFERENCE THIS IS GOING TO MAKE OR THAT YOU HOPE IT WILL MAKE AS YOUR GENERATION AND MILLENNIALS REMAIN IMPORTANT TO POLITICALLY -- WHAT DO YOU WANT TO SEE HAPPEN? >> REPRESENTATION MATTERS. HAVING SOMEONE OF SIMILAR LIFE EXPERIENCES THAT UNDERSTAND THE CONCERNS OF GEN Z IS REALLY IMPORTANT IN TERMS OF POLICIES WE WANT PAST LIKE GUN REFORM, BOLD ACTION ON CLIMATE CHANGE. THOSE THINGS WILL MATTER WITH MORE GEN Z-ERS AND THE POLICIES -- I THINK IT IS ALSO IMPORTANT FOR YOUNG PEOPLE TO LOOK AT THEIR INSTITUTIONS AND SEE SOMEONE THAT LOOKS LIKE US. SOMEONE YOUNG, VIBRANT, DIVERSE. I THINK IT IS GOING TO BE GREAT IN TERMS OF LOOKING AT POLITICS AND BEING INSPIRED AND BEING

CYNICALLY EMPOWERED BUT ALSO INTO TANGIBLE POLICY DIFFERENCES ALSO. REPORTER: VICTOR OF VOTERS OF TOMORROW AND STUDENT AT UCLA AND JOHN, THANK YOU TO BOTH VERY MUCH. ♪ WILLIAM: AS THE INVASION OF UKRAINE GRINDS ON, PRESERVING THAT COUNTRY'S ARTISTIC HERITAGE HAS TAKEN ON NEW URGENCY. EARLIER THIS MONTH IN A BLOW TO MOSCOW RUSSIAN SOLDIERS WITHDREW FROM KHERSON BUT BEFORE RETREATING THEY LOOTED HOMES A BUSINESSES AND THEY EMPTIED ONE OF UKRAINE'S MOST PRECIOUS ART MUSEUMS. LINDSAY OF INDEPENDENT TELEVISION NEWS HAS THAT REPORT. REPORTER: UKRAINE'S NATIONAL ANTHEM ECHOES ACROSS THE STREETS OF KHERSON. RUSSIAN POSTERS ARE BEING TORN

DOWN. THIS IS A CULTURE WAR. A BRUTAL BATTLE FOR THE SOUL AND IDENTITY OF A PEOPLE. ♪ >> NO ONE KNOWS THAT BETTER THAN THE DIRECTOR OF THE KHERSON ART MUSEUM FAMED FOR HAVING ONE OF UKRAINE'S BEST COLLECTIONS OF EUROPEAN PAINTINGS WHICH SHE HAD PUT IN STORAGE. >> HERE, BRITAIN, FRANCE, POLAND AND LOBBY A WERE ALL REPRESENTED. IT WAS A HUGE COLLECTION. THERE WE 17THENTUO E 20TH NTURY. REPORTER: OVER FIVE DAYS BEFORE THEY WITHDREW RUSSIAN SOLDIERS TURNED UP IN TRUCKS AND STOLE THE MOST VALUABLE PAINTINGS, ICONS AND SCULPTURES. >> THERE WAS NOT EVEN ROOM FOR AN APPLE TO FALL. THERE WERE 14,000 ITEMS IN TOTO.

HOW MANY ARE LEFT NOW I JUST DON'T KNOW. REPORTER: THEY DID EVERYTHING THEY COULD TO PROTECT THE COLLECTION. THEY PUT IT IN STORAGE. AND THEY LOCKED THE DOORS. BUT LOOK -- EVERYTHING IS GONE. IT IS NOT THE MONETARY VALUE, IT IS THE CULTURAL VALUE. THAT IS INCALCULABLE FOR THE PEOPLE OF KHERSON AND UKRAINE. ACCORDING TO THE DIRECTOR, FIVE OF THE 20 MUSEUM STAFF COLLABORATED WITH THE RUSSIANS TELLING THEM WHAT WAS WHERE. SHE HAS BEEN SENT PHOTOS OF THE PAINTINGS WHICH THE SOLDIERS TOOK TO A MUSEUM IN THE CAPITAL OF RUSSIAN OCCUPIED CRIMEA. SHE CAN RECOGNIZE THE MARKINGS AND LABELS. UKRAINE'S MINISTER OF CULTURE CAME FROM KYIV TO TOUR THE KHERSON ART MUSEUM AND SEE WHAT HAS BEEN LOST. ARE YOU SHOCKED?

>> SHOCKED IS NOT THE WORD. I AM FURIOUS. THIS PARTICULAR SHOW WOULD -- [INDISCERNIBLE] THIS IS OUR HERITAGE AND OUR IDENTITY. THEY STOLE HERITAGE. REPORTER: ONE WOMAN FILMED FROM HER APARTMENT RUSSIAN SOLDIERS COMING IN THE DEAD OF NIGHT TO THE MAIN PEDESTRIAN STREET. THE NEXT DAY EVERYONE COULD SEE THE EMPTY AREAS FROM WHERE THEY HAD REMOVED THE STATUES OF AN 18TH CENTURY GENERAL 103 STATUES HONORING RUSSIAN IMPERIAL HEROES AT THE RUSSIANS STOLE. SAINT CATHERINE'S CUT THROUGH DRILL -- SING CATHERINE'S CATHEDRAL CONTAINED RELICS.

FOR HIM, VLADIMIR PUTIN, RELIGION AND HISTORY ARE INSEPARABLE. THE BONES OF A PRINCE, CATHERINE THE GREAT'S LOVER WHO FOUNDED KHERSON IN 1778 HAVE LAIN HERE SINCE HIS DEATH. THE PRIEST TOOK ME TO THE VAULT FROM WHERE RUSSIAN SOLDIERS STOLE THE BONES IN THE BONES IN OCTOBER NOT FOR MONEY BECAUSE THIS IS A WAR OF IMPERIAL RECONQUEST. >> ON THIS PEDESTAL LAY THE COFFIN WITH THE BONES OF THE PRINCE. THE RUSSIANS CAME ONE EVENING AND CARRIED IT AWAY AND NOW THIS PLACE IS EMPTY. THIS PLACE WHERE HIS REMAINS RESTED FOR MORE THAN 200 YEARS. REPORTER: THIS IS THE SAME IDEOLOGY WHICH MADE THEM INVADE UKRAINE? >> YES, NO DOUBT. THE MAIN AIM IS TO RESTORE THE

EMPIRE AND FOR THAT THEY USE VIOLENCE FEARED THEY COMMITTED VIOLENCE AGAINST THOSE THAT LIVE HERE IN THE EYE -- AND THE NAME OF THE IDEALS THEY HAVE. REPORTER: ARMIES HAVE LOOTED AND CLAIMED GOD IS ON THEIR SIDE SINCE TIME IMMEMORIAL. TODAY, THE RUSSIAN STATE IS ENGAGED IN THE TYPE OF PLUNDER THAT POTEMKIN HIMSELF WOULD HAVE RECOGNIZED AS IF STEALING THE REMNANTS OF THE PAST RE-CREATED IN IN THE 21ST CENTURY. ♪ WILLIAM: STEVE CASE IS BEST KNOWN AS COFOUNDER AND FORMER CEO OF AOL, THE TRAILBLAZING INTERNET COMPANY THAT HELP BRING THE FLEDGLING WORLD WIDE WEB TO MILLIONS OF AMERICANS. TODAY HE IS PUTTING HIS ENTREPRENEURIAL SKILLS TO USE IN A DIFFERENT WAY. TO HELP REGULAR AMERICANS LAUNCH

THEIR OWN BUSINESSES. HE SPOKE ABOUT HIS EFFORTS WHEN HE RECENTLY SAT DOWN WITH JUDY WOODRUFF TO TALK ABOUT HIS NEW BOOK THE RISE OF THE REST. >> STEVE K'S, WELCOME BACK TO THE NEWSHOUR AND CONGRATULATIONS ON THE NEW BOOK. IT WAS WAY BACK IN 1985 WHEN YOU STARTED AOL AND IT WAS ALL ABOUT AS YOU SAID AT THE TIME GETTING ALL OF AMERICA ONLINE AND IT TURNS OUT THAT HAS A BEARING ON WHAT YOU ARE TRYING TO DO WHEN YOU TALK ABOUT THE RISE OF THE REST. >> THERE ARE SOME PARALLELS. IN THE EARLY DAYS IT WAS HOW DO YOU LEVEL THE PLAYING FIELD WHERE EVERYONE HAS ACCESS TO INFORMATION AND EDUCATION. NOW, YOU WANT TO MAKE SURE EVERYONE HAS AN OPPORTUNITY TO START A COMPANY S THEY CAN START I ANYWHERE IN THE COUNT AND NOT JUST ON THE COAST. MOST OF THE VENTURE CAPITAL GOES TO CALIFORNIA, MASSACHUSETTS AND NEW YORK. WE WANT TO GET MORE OF THAT VENTURE CAPITAL TO ENTREPRENEURS ALL OVER THE COUNTRY. >> YOU HAVE BEEN WORKING ON THIS FOR YEARS AND YOU HAVE BEEN TRAVELING AROUND THE COUNTRY

SPENDING TIME IN THESE PLACES. WHAT WAS IT THAT DROVE THIS TRIO? >> IT STARTED A LITTLE OVER A DECADE AGO. I WAS ASKED TO CHAIR ACCOUNTS ON ENTREPRENEURSHIP WHICH LED TO START UP AMERICA PARTNERSHIP WITH PRESIDENT OBAMA. THAT GOT ME ON THIS TRAJECTORY AND I REALIZED THE ROLE NEW COMPANIES PLAY AND JOB CREATION BUT ALSO REALIZED THE IDEA THAT IT IS HARDER FOR ENTREPRENEURS AND MANY PARTS OF THE COUNTRY TO START THESE COMPANIES BECAUSE THEY DON'T HAVE CAPITAL ACCESS. PART OF THE REASON I START -- PART OF THE REASON I DECIDED TO WRITE THIS BOOK WAS THE AMAZING STORIES OF ENTREPRENEURS BUILDING COMPANIES AND SURPRISING PLACES. PEOPLE THINK OF STARTUPS FOCUSING ON TECH AND SILICON VALLEY. STARTUPS ARE HAPPENING ALL OVER THE COUNTRY. MANY DON'T KNOW ABOUT THESE STORIES. >> WHAT DEFINES A SUCCESSFUL STARTUP? WHAT IS IT THAT MAKES THE

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN ONE THAT HAS A GOOD SHOT AT MAKING IT AND GETTING THE MONEY THEY NEED INVESTED TO DO IT AND ONES THAT DON'T? >> IT STARTS WITH WHAT IS THE IDEA BUT THEN YOU HAVE TO BUILD A TEAM AROUND THE IDEA. ENTREPRENEURSHIP IS NOT JUST ABOUT THE FOUNDER. YOU HAVE TO ESTABLISH THE PARTNERSHIPS YOU NEED TSCALE. A LOT OF IT COMES BACK TO THE INITIAL CAPITAL WHICH IS WHY WE ARE FOCUSED ON LEVELING THE PLAYING FIELD. >> AND WHY HAS THAT BEEN SO HARD? IS IT HABIT WHERE PEOPLE THINK OF SILICON VALLEY OR NEW YORK OR SOME OF THE BIG CITIES BUT THEY DON'T THINK OF OTHER PLACES? >> VENTURE CAPITAL STARTED JUST ABOUT 50 YEARSGO. IT STARTED IN NEW YORK, BOSTON, AND SAN FRANCISCO AND BUILT UP AROUND THOSE PLACES. THAT IS WHERE MOST OF THE CAPITAL IS. A LOT OF ENTREPRENEURS IN THE LAST FEW DECADES FELT THEY HAD TO LEAVE WHERE THEY WERE TO GO

TO THE COAST BECAUSE THAT IS WHERE THE ACTION AND MONEY WERE. A BRAIN DRAIN OF PEOPLE LEAVING. WHEN WE STARTED A DECADE AGO WE SAID, HOW DO WE SLOW THE BRAIN DRAIN AND HAVE PEOPLE RETURN TO SCALE MORE COMPANIES AND CREATE MORE JOBS IN THESE COMMUNITIES. PART OF THE DIVIDE WE HAVE IN THIS COUNTRY IS AN OPPORTUNITY GAP. SOME PEOPLE ARE DOING WELL IN SOME PLACES AND A LOT OF PEOPLE ARE FEELING LEFT BEHIND. THIS IS ONE WAY TO SOLVE THAT BY STARTING NEW COMPANIES THAT CAN CREATE NEW JOBS IN THOSE COMMUNITIES. >> TO WHAT EXTENT IS THIS DISPARITY CONTRIBUTING TO SOME OF OUR POLITICAL DIVIDES? >> IT IS TRAGIC THAT SO MANY PEOPLE IN THE MIDDLE OF THE COUNTRY FEEL THEY HAVE TO LEAVE THE PLACE THEY LOVE BECAUSE THERE ARE NOT ENOUGH OPPORTUNITIES AND THEY GO SOMEWHERE ELSE. ONE OF THE GREAT STORIES IN THE BOOK IS AN ENTREPRENEUR NAMED JONATHAN WEBB WHO STARTED A COMPANY IN KENTUCKY. HE DECIDED TO START A COMPANY THERE THAT HAS CREATED 600 JOBS IN THE LAST FEW YEARS IN A PLACE

THAT IS FELT LEFT BEHIND. THIS IS PART OF THE ANSWER. WE HAVE TO LAUNCH NEW COMPANIES AND CREATE NEW JOBS. HALF OF THE FORTUNE 500 TURN OVER EVERY 25 YEARS. YOU CANNOT JUST RELY ON BIG COMPANIES. YOU HAVE TO LAUNCH NEW COMPANIES. SOME WILL FAIL BUT SOME COULD BE THE FORTUNE 500 COMPANIES OF TOMORROW. IT IS THE ONLY WAY TO RENEW THESE COMPANIES AND A PARTIAL WAY TO HELP PULL TOGETHER A DIVIDED NATION. >> YOU ALSO WRITE ABOUT THE IMPORTANCE OF DIVERSITY MAKING SURE THAT WOMEN AND PEOPLE OF COLOR AND OTHERS WHO TRADITIONALLY HAVE NOT BEEN THOUGHT OF AS JOB CREATORS THAT THEY ARE PART OF THIS AND THE SAME THING -- YOU HAVE STRONG VIEWS ABOUT IT -- ABOUT IMMIGRATION ALSO. >> I TALKED ABOUT 75% OF VENTURE CAPITAL GOING TO THREE STATES. WOMEN ARE 50% OF THE POPULATION. FEMALE FOUNDERS GET LESS THAN 10% OF VENTURE CAPITAL. BUT HE KNOWS OUR 18% OF THE

POPULATION AND LATINO FOUNDERS GET LESS THAN 2% OF CAPITAL. AND BLACK FOUNDERS GET LESS THAN 1% OF VENTURE CAPITAL. IT DOES MATTER WHERE YOU LIVE AND IT DOES MATTER WHAT YOU LOOK LIKE BUT IF YOU HAVE AN IDEA, YOU HAVE AN OPPORTUNITY TO CREATE A COMPANY AND JOBS AND DRIVE GROWTH IN YOUR COMMUNITY. AND ON THE IMMIGRATION FRONT, IT IS IMPORTANT WE CONTINUE TO BE A WELCOMING NATION TO GET PEOPLE FROM ALL OVER THE WORLD ONTO BE A PART OF THE NEXT AMERICAN STORY. 40% OF THE TOP FORTUNE 500 COMPANIES WERE STARTED BY IMMIGRANTS OR CHILDREN OF IMMIGRANTS. IT HAS BEEN PART OF THE SECRET SAUCE THAT HAS MADE AMERICA SO STRONG. WE NEED TO REMEMBER THAT. IT HAS GOTTEN HARDER TO COME TO THIS COUNTRY AND STAY IN THIS COUNTRY. AND AS A RESULT SOME OF THE COMPANIES THAT COULD HAVE STARTED HERE ARE STARTING ELSEWHERE. >> THIS IS A BOOK ABOUT THE PRIVATE SECTOR. YOU ALSO WRITE ABOUT A ROLE FOR

THE GOVERNMENT IN ALL OF THIS. >> THERE IS A ROLE AT THE NATIONAL LEVEL IN TERMS OF PASSING LEGISLATION ON IMMIGRATION REFORM OR THE JOBS ACT THAT PAST 10 YEARS AGO THAT HELPED A LOT OF STARTUPS. THE LEGISLATION THAT PASSED THIS SUMMER SUCH AS THE CHIPS AND SCIENCE ACT PASSED WITH BIPARTISAN SUPPORT. ALLOCATING $10 MILLION TO SUPPORT REGIONAL HUBS. THERE IS A ROLE THAT THE NATIONAL LEVEL AND A BIG ROLE AT THE STATE AND LOCAL LEVEL. THE GOVERNORS AND THE MAYORS ARE FOCUSING ON NEW COMPANIES TRYING TO CREATE A FERTILE ENVIRONMENT TO START NEW COMPANIES AND THOSE ARE THE ONES POSITIONED TO GROW IN THE COMING YEARS. >> STEVE CASE, AOL, RISE OF THE REST -- WHAT IS NEXT? >> I HAVE A LOT OF WORK TO DO. 75% OF THE CAPITAL GOING TO THREE STATES. THAT IS A REAL PROBLEM.

WE WILL BE WORKING ON THIS FOR QUITE SOME TIME. I THINK WE CAN LEVEL THE PLAYING FIELD. THE PANDEMIC HAS CREATED AN ACCELERANT. SOME PEOPLE HAVE DECIDED TO MOVE ELSEWHERE. REMOTE WORK ALLOWS DIFFERENT OPPORTUNITIES. I AM OPTIMISTIC ABOUT THIS NEXT CHAPTER. AND I WILL KEEP AT IT. >> STEVE CASE, THE BOOK IS THE RISE OF THE REST HOW ENTREPRENEURS IN SURPRISING PLACES ARE BUILDING THE NEW AMERICAN DREAM. THANK YOU. ♪ WIIAM: FOR THOSE BAKING AT HOME, YOU MIGHT WANT TO TAKE SOME TIPS FROM OUR NEXT GUEST. BRIAN FORD. HE CATAPULTED TO FAME TOURING THE PANDEMICS BREAD BAKING FRENZY INSPIRING MILLIONS WITH HIS INNOVATIVE TWISTS ON SOURDOUGH BREAD WHILE CELEBRATING THE CULTURES OF LATIN AMERICA. EARLIER THIS YEAR HE INVITED OUR GEOFF BENNETT INTO HIS HOME IN

QUEENS, NEW YORK FOR AN INSIDE LOOK AT THE TREASURE TROVE THAT CAN BE FOUND IN HIS KITCHEN COMPLETE OF COURSE WITH VATS OF PUNGENT SOURDOUGH STARTER. REPORTER: HE CATAPULTED TO PROMINENCE DURING THE PANDEMICS BREAD MAKING FRENZY INSPIRING MILLIONS WITH HIS BLOG AND INSTAGRAM ACCOUNT FOR LOVE OF INNOVATIVE TWISTS ON SOURDOUGH BREAD MAKING WHILE CELEBRATING THE BAKING CULTURES OF LATIN AMERICA. HE INVITED US INTO HIS HOME IN QUEENS, NEW YORK. HIS KITCHEN IS A BAKER'S TREASURE TROVE COMPLETE WITH VATS OF PUNGENT SOURDOUGH STARTER. >> THE MOST IMPORTANT PART IS GETTING A NICE WHIFF OF IT. [LAUGHTER] REPORTER: I GOT A LITTLE TOO CLOSE. >> YOU GOT SHOOK. REPORTER: HIS FIRST COOKBOOK RELEASED IN THE SUMMER OF 22 -- 2020 SOLD OUT ITS FIRST PRINTING WHICH LED TO HIM STARTING IN HIS OWN COOKING SHOW ON CHIP AND --

GAINES MAGNOLIA SHOW. >> IT JUST BECAME A WHOLE THING. REPORTER: BRIAN SAYS HE HAS BEEN COOKING AND BAKING FOR AS LONG AS H CAN REMEMBER ULTIMATELY FINDING HIS CALLING AFTER LEAVING BEHIND HIS CAREER AS AN ACCOUNTANT. WHAT ABOUT BAKING DREW YOU IN? >> BAKING IS ROMANTIC. IT IS LIKE A MEDITATION. IT IS SIMPLE. YOU DON'T HAVE TO BE SO PRECISE. BODO IS A LIVING CREATURE. -- THE DOUGH IS A LIVING CREATURE. EVERY TIME IT'S GOING TO BE DIFFERENT. TEMPERATURE, YOUR EMOTIONS. IF YOU'RE HAVING A BAD DAY AND YOU BIG, YOU WILL HAVE -- YOU WILL MAKE SOME BREAD THAT IS NOT GREAT.

REPORTER: THE CHILD OF HONDURAN IMMIGRANTS HE IMPARTS LESSONS LEARNED FROM COOKING IN HIS MOTHER'S KITCHEN. >> MY PARENTS WORKED SO HARD WHEN THEY CAME TO THIS COUNTRY. MY MOM PUT YOURSELF THROUGH SCHOOL ADDING HER ACCOUNTING DEGREE AT 46. DURING THOSE DAYS WHEN SHE WAS WORKING HARD ESPECIALLY IN THE SUMMER I WOULD BE AT HOME TAKING CARE OF MY LITTLE SISTER AND I WOULD COOK FOR MY MOM. SHE WOULD WAKE UP AND GO TO AN INTERNSHIP AND GO TO SCHOOL AT NIGHT AND COME HOME EXHAUSTED. I LEARNED QUICKLY FROM WHAT SHE TAUGHT ME HOW TO CODE. REPORTER: I READ SOMEWHERE WHERE YOU SAID YOU GO TO ANY BAKERY ACROSS THE COUNTRY AND YOU WILL SEE CROISSANTS AND BAGUETTES. AND WHY CANNOT THE SAME BE TRUE OF HONDURAN FOOD? >> 100%. ANDHE REASON I HAVE THAT SENTIMENT IS NOT BECAUSE I DON'T LIKE BAGUETTES AND CROISSANTS. WHEN I WAS AN ACCOUNTANT I WAS PERFECTING THEM AT HOME.

THE GOLD STANDARD. THE FACT REMAINS THAT THIS WESTERN EUROPE IAN IDEOLOGY SEEMS -- WESTERN EUROPEAN IDEOLOGY SEEMS TO PERMEATE PEOPLE'S THOUGHTS WHEN THEY WANT TO OPEN A BAKERY. I'M TRYING TO BE IN TOUCH OF -- WITH THE INDIGENOUS PEOPLES OF THE NEW WORLD. WE HAVE BEAUTIFUL BAKING TRADITIONS. I GREW UP EATING DELICIOUS BAKED GOODS. REPORTER: BUT THESE WERE A DIFFERENT STORY. >> THIS IS ONE OF THE MOST POPULAR COOKIES HE WILL FIND IN LATIN AMERICA. REPORTER: CREAM TOGETHER BUTTER AND SUGAR, ADD EGG YOLKS -- >> IT IS CREAMY AND SMOOTH. REPORTER: INCORPORATE THE DRY INGREDIENTS.

>> A LITTLE SALT, BAKING POWDER, WHITE FLOUR AND CORNSTARCH. REPORTER: AND LASTLY ADD SOME LEMON EXTRACT AND VANILLA. >> THAT IS A BEAUTIFUL COLOR. REPORTER: SPREAD ON SOME DULCE DE LECHE AND ROLE THEM IN SHREDDED COCONUT. THIS IS GREAT. I AM WEARING IT THOUGH. >> IT IS SOMETHING FUN YOU CAN DO WITH KIDS. TEACH ABOUT SOME LATIN AMERICAN HISTORY AND EAT SOMETHING DELICIOUS. REPORTER: THROUGH HIS BAKING, BRIAN ENCOURAGES EXPLORATION. >> PEOPLE FOCUS ON THE WRONG ASPECTS OF BAKING. INSTEAD OF FOCUSING ON FLAVOR AND THE FACT THAT YOU MADE

SOMETHING WITH YOUR OWN TWO HANDS THAT YOU COULD BE PROUD OF, SHARING SOMETHING YOU MADE WITH YOUR FRIENDS AND FAMILY. THOSE SHOULD BE FIRST AND FOREMOST. THEN YOU CAN START TALKING ABOUT AIR POCKETS AND THINGS PEOPLE GET OBSESSIVE ABOUT IN TERMS OF THINGS LIKE CRUMB STRUCTURE. THAT'S CRAZY. IMAGINE ANCIENT CIVILIZATIONS MAKING BREAD -- IMAGINE THEM SITTING DOWN AND GOING -- THE INSIDE IS LOOK GOOD. REPORTER: THROW IT OUT AND START AGAIN. IT TAKES SOME TRIAL AND ERROR AND AS BRIAN FORD REDESIGNS WHAT ART BAKING CAN AND SHOULD BE. >> I TRIED TO FOCUS ON LATIN AMERICAN BAKING, TAPPING INTO MY CULTURE AND EXPERIENCES AND TRYING TO MAKE THE BEST POSSIBLE BREADS AND PASTRIES AROUND. THERE IS A LOT OF PATIENCE AND TIME DOWN HERE IN THE KITCHEN. AND A LOT OF MESSES TO CLEAN UP. ♪ WILLIAM: THE MEN'S WORLD CUP IN QATAR IS IN FULL SWING AND HAS

BEEN PACKED FUL OF DRAMA. IF YOU SAW BRAZILS FIRST GOAL TODAY AGAINST SERBIA YOU KNOW WHAT I'M TALKING ABOUT. FOR A BROADER LOOK AT THE WORLD OF SOCCER AND WHAT TO WATCH FOR IN THESE GAMES LAST MONTH WE SPOKE WITH A SOCCER WRITER AND BROADCASTER BEFORE THE GAMES BEGAN. HERE IANOTHER LOOK REPORTER: THERE IS A LOT OF ANTICIPATION AROUND THE GAME BUT THE VENUE HAS SPARKED CRITICISM INCLUDING THE DEATHS OF MIGRANT WORKERS THE NATION DEPENDS ON TO PREPARE FOR THE CUP. ROGER BENNETT HAS BEEN WATCHING ALL OF THIS. HE IS THE HOST OF A SOCCER BROUGHT CAST -- SOCCER BROADCAST. ROGER BENNETT, WELCOME BACK TO THE NEWSHOUR. THERE IS NO WAY YOU ARE GOING TO GET PEOPLE TO AGREE ON THE TOP 100 PLAYERS. EVEN YOU ADMIT IN THE BOOK THAT IT IS AN ACT OF FOLLY.

WHAT ARE THE CORE CRITERIA? >> I WOULD SAY YOU NEED TO ACKNOWLEDGE UP FRONT TO TRY TO CREATE A DEFINITIVE LIST OF THE 100 GREATEST TO EVER PLAY THE GAME IS AN ACT OF FLY ONLY UNDERTAKEN BY THOSE THAT LOVE TO GRAB THE THIRD RAIL IN LIFE BUT WE HAVE TO START TOGETHER AND THE JOY OF IT IS EVERYONE SEES THE GAME DIFFERENTLY. IT IS COMPLETELY SUBJECTIVE. AS A MANAGER, FOOTBALL IS THE WORLD'S MOST IMPORTANT LEAST IMPORTANT THING AND I THINK THAT IS WHAT MAKES WATCHING SPORTS SO COMPELLING. THE GOAL OF THE BOOK WAS TO DROP 100. IT IS A RIDICULOUSLY SUBJECTIVE THING TO DO BUT WE ARE PREPARED TO DEFEND THEM WITH THE HEAT OF 1000 SUNS. REPORTER: I NOTICED A NUMBER OF PLAYERS FROM PERHAPS ONE OF THE GREATEST PLAYERS OF ALL-TIME, THE U.S. WOMEN'S NATIONAL TEAM ARE FEATURED IN THE BOOK. IT IS NOT JUST ABOUT ACHIEVEMENTS ON THE FIELD AND

CAREER STATS. YOU TALK ABOUT THE IMPACT MORE BROADLY ON THE GAME. LIKE IN THE CASE OF BRIAND S CURRY. >> WHEN TWO TEAMS TAKE THE FIELD , THEIR NATIONS CULTURE AND POLITICS TAKE THE FIELD ALONGSIDE THEM AND THAT IS WHAT MAKES THE WORLD CUP SUCH A SCINTILLATING EXPERIENCE TO WITNESS. SO GREATNESS CAN BE DEFINED IN MANY WAYS. THERE IS A LOT OF GLORY IN OUR BOOK. FOR ME, FOOTBALL IS ULTIMATELY A MIRROR TO HUMANITY AND THE BOOK IS ALSO ABOUT EMPATHY AND LOYALTY AND CONNECTION TO THE COLLECTIVE AND ABOUT DREAMS. AND BREANNA IS ONE OF THE MOST REMARKABLE FOOTBALLERS I'VE EVER MET. THE ONLY AFRICAN-AMERICAN ON ANY TEAM SHE EVER PLAYED ON FROM THE YOUNGEST YOUTH LEVELS TO THE U.S. WOMEN'S NATIONAL TEAM. AND WHEN YOU SPEAK TO THE YNG AFRICAN-AMERICAN PLAYERS THAT

NOW FLOURISH ON THE NEW NATIONAL TEAM THEY POINT TO HER. NOW SHE CAN LOOK AT EVERYTHING SHE SEEDED WITH A SENSE OF WONDER. REPORTER: A LOT OF OTHER PLAYERS THAT MANY PEOPLE MAY NOT EVER HAVE HEARD OF. DO YOU HAVE A FAVORITE PLAYER OR STORY IN THE BOOK? >> THERE ARE SO MANY. NADEEM, HER FATHER WAS A GENERAL IN THE AFGHAN ARMY AND HE WAS HUNTED DOWN AND KILLED BY THE TALIBAN. HER FAMILY FLED TO DENMARK. SHE FOUND FOOTBALL REALIZING THAT SHE COULD EXCEL AT THIS GROUP WHILE ON THE SIDE MASTERING SEVEN LANGUAGES AND BECOMING A RECONSTRUCTIVE ACTOR OF MEDICAL SURGERY. SHE REALLY IS THE KIND OF HUMAN BEING THAT YOU LOOK AT AND IT MAKES A MOCKERY OF THE OLD ADAGE, JUST STICK TO SPORTS. REPORTER: A COUPLE OF THE

PLAYERS FEATURED IN THE BOOK WE WILL SEE AT THE WORLD CUP. THIS TOURNAMENT IS BEINGLAYED IN NOVEMBER AND DECEMBER. TELL US WHY. >> IT IS FOR REASONS HONESTLY THAT BREAK MY HEART. THE WORLD CUP IS THE SPINE TO MY LIFE. 5 BILLION HUMAN BEINGS ARE EXPECTED TO BE TUNED IN. IT HAS BEEN COMPARED TO AN ECLIPSE THAT HITS THE WHOLE WORLD FOR A MONTH SIMULTANEOUSLY. FIFA SAW FIT TO AWARD THE WORLD CUP TO QATAR, TINY, GULF STATE SMALLER THAN CONNECTICUT. IN A PODCAST WE INTERVIEWED A SPOKESPERSON FOR THE DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE WHO WAS THERE WHEN THE AWARD WENT DOWN. THEY GAVE THE 2018 WORLD CUP TWO PUTIN'S WORLD CUP.

WHAT HAS FOLLOWED SINCE THAT AWARD IN 2010 IS THAT 6.5 THOUSAND HUMAN BEINGS ARE REPORTED TO HAVE DIED. IT IS A WORLD CUP SOAKED IN BLOOD. THOSE OF US THAT THINK THIS IS THE GREATEST READER OF COLLECTED MEMORIES WE WILL HAVE TO FIND OUR OWN MORAL PREDICTION. REPORTER: IT IS PREDICTION TIME. HOW WILL THE U.S. TEAM DO? >> DESPITE MY ACCENT I RIDE WITH TEAM U.S. BECOMING AN AMERICAN CITIZEN IS THE GREATEST JOY OF MY LIFE. OUR YOUNG AMERICAN TEAM IS AN EXPERIENCE BUT THEY WILL FACE ON NOVEMBER 25 ENGLAND, A

POWERHOUSE OF EUROPE. I RIDE WITH AMERICA. IT IS A RAW CAST OF CHARACTERS. I KEEP MY FINGERS CROSSED. THE WORLD CUP IS COMING BACK TO THE UNITED STATES IN 2026 AND I BELIEVE WHATEVER HAPPENS ON THE FIELD FOR THE AMERICAN TEAM THEY WILL BE THE BETTER FOR IT WHEN THEY PLAY BEFORE A HOME CROWD THEN IN A TOURNAMENT THAT WILL PUT THE SPORT OVER THE TOP. REPORTER: THAT IS ROGER BENNETT JOINING US TONIGHT. GREAT TO SEE YOU. >> COURAGE. ♪ WILLIAM: KEITH WHATLEY IS A FOUNDING EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR OF UNCOMMON LAW, A GROUP THAT HELPS PEOPLE SERVING LIFE SENTENCES NAVIGATE THE PAROLE PROCESS. HE SHARES HIS BRIEF BUT SPECTACULAR TAKE ON CHANGING THE NARRATIVE ABOUT PEOPLE THAT COMMIT VIOLENT CRIMES. >> I HAVE STUDIED THOUSANDS OF

PEOPLE WHO HAVE COMMITTED VIOLENT CRIMES. THE PEOPLE WHO COMMIT VIOLENT CRIMES ARE NOT PEOPLE. THEY ARE USUALLY JUST SCARED. ♪ I IMMERSE MYSELF IN THE TRAUMATIC EXPERIENCES THAT PEOPLE HAVE. I DO THAT IN ORDER TO HELP THEM UNDERSTAND WHY THEY COMMIT VIOLENT CRIMES. SO THEY CAN CREATE A PATHWAY OUT OF PRISON. AND THAT LOOKS LIKE MONTHS OR YEARS OF ONE-ON-ONE COUNSELING, GUIDING PEOPLE TO DO THE INTROSPECTION THEY NEED TO DO TO UNDERSTAND WHY THEY MADE SOME THE DECISIONS THAT THEY DID. ONCE THEY TRUST US TO SHARE WITH US THEIR MOST PAINFUL, SHAMEFUL SECRETS, THAT IS WHEN WE CAN DO THE WORK. NATIONWIDE THERE ARE A COUPLE HUNDRED THOUSAND PEOPLE SERVING LIFE SENTENCES. MOST OF THOSE WE ARE TALKING ABOUT ARE SERVING LIFE WITH THE POSSIBILITY OF PAROLE AND IF THE PAROLE BOARD FINDS THEY CAN SAFELY BE RELEASED THEY GRANT

THEM PAROLE BUT MOST OF THE TIME THEY DENY PAROLE. WHEN I FIRST STARTED IN THIS WORK IT DID NOT SEEM TO MATTER WHAT PEOPLE DID IN PRIS TO CHANGE THEIR LIVES. THE PAROLE BOARD FOCUSED ON THE CRIME TO DIDE IF THIS PERSON SHOULD EVER BE RELEASED. WHAT IS HAPPENED OVER TIME IS THE WORK WE DO MATTERS IN THEIR CONSIDERATION OF SOMEONE'S READINESS FOR REPORT -- FOR REPORT AND BECAUSE PEOPLE ARE DOING THE WORK, THEY ARE READY. WE HAVE A BETTER THAN 60% RATE OF OUR CLIENTS BEING GRANTED PAROLE AT THEIR HEARINGS COMPARED TO THE STATE AVERAGING ABOUT 25%. THE PEOPLE WE HAVE WORKED WITH HAVE SO DRAMATICALLY CHANGED WHO THEY ARE AND WHO THEY ASSOCIATE WITH AND HOW THEY RELATE TO THE REST OF THE WORLD THAT THEY ARE EXTREMELY UNLIKELY TO EVER COMMIT A VIOLENT CRIME. WE HAVE HAD MORE THAN 200 OF OUR CLIENTS RELEASED FROM LIFE SENTENCES. NOT ONE OF THEM HAS EVER GONE ON TO BE COMMITTED OF A NEW CRIME -- CONVICTED OF A NEW CRIME. JUSTICE MORNING I HAD A CLIENT RELEASED FROM PRISON AFTER 33 YEARS. HE WAS FIRST LOCKED UP WHEN HE

WAS 16 FOR MURDER HE COMMITTED BECAUSE HE WAS TRYING TO ACT TOUGH. HE HAD JUST GOTTEN BEATEN UP AND HE WANTED TO PROVE HE WAS TOUGH. ONCE HE WAS WILLING TO BE VULNERABLE AND SHARE HIMSELF WITH US AND WITH THE PAROLE BOARD, BE HONEST ABOUT HIS CRIME, HIS HISTORY AND JOURNEY THROUGH PRISON, HE WAS ABLE TO GO HOME. PEOPLE ARE NOT THE SAME THEY WERE WHEN THEY WERE TEENAGERS. AND IT IS NOT JUST THEIR AGE THAT HAS CHANGED BUT THEY HAVE CHANGED WHO THEY ARE AND HOW THEY RELATE TO THE WORLD THEY HAVE GAINED AN UNDERSTANDING INTO WHO THEY CAN BE. A LOT OF THE PEOPLE WE WORK WITH GO ON TO START THEIR OWN NONPROFITS AND MENTORING PROGRAMS WITH PEOPLE IN JUVENILE HALLS AND IN SCHOOLS. AND THESE ARE THE PEOPLE WHO CAN LEAD THE CHARGE TO TRANSFORM VIOLENCE IN THESE COMMUNITIES AND WE NEED TO GIVE THEM AN OPPORTUNITY TO DO THAT. MY NAME IS KEITH WATLEY AND THIS HAS BEEN MY BRIEF SPECTACULAR TAKE ON TRANSFORMING THE NARRATIVE ON PEOPLE THAT COMMIT VIOLENT CRIMES. WILLIAM: YOU CAN WATCH MORE BRIEF BUT SPECTACULAR VIDEOS ONLINE AT PBS.ORG/

NEWSHOUR/BRIEF. AND THAT IS THE NEWSHOUR FOR TONIGHT. JOIN US ONLINE AND AGAIN HERE TOMORROW EVENING. FOR ALL OF US AT THE PBS NEWSHOUR, THANK YOU SO MUCH FOR SPENDING A BIT OF YOUR THANKSGIVING WET US AND WE WILL SEE YOU SOON. ANNOUNCER: MAJOR FUNDING FOR THE PB NEWSHOUR HAS BEEN PROVIDED BY -- ♪ ♪ ♪ >> MOVING OUR ECONOMY FOR 160 YEARS. BNSF, THE ENGINE THAT CONNECTS US. ♪ ANNOUNCER: AND WITH THE ONGOING SUPPORT OF THESE INDIVIDUALS AND INSTITUTIONS AND FRIENDS OF THE NEWSHOUR INCLUDING KATHY AND

PAUL ANDERSON AND CAMILLA AND GEORGE SMITH. THE WALTON FAMILY FOUNDATION, WORKING FOR SOLUTIONS TO PROTECT WATER DURING CLIMATE CHANGE SO PEOPLE AND NATURE CAN THRIVE TOGETHER. THE WILLIAM AND FLORA HEWLETT FOUNDATION. FOR MORE THAN 50 YEARS ADVANCING IDEAS AND SUPPORTING INSTITUTIONS TO PROMOTE A BETTER WORLD AT HEWLETT.ORG. ♪ ♪ ANNOUNCER: AND FRIENDS OF THE NEWSHOUR -- ♪ THIS PROGRAM WAS MADE POSSIBLE BY THE CORPORATION FOR PUBLIC BROADCASTING AND BY CONTRIBUTIONS TO YOUR PBS STATION FROM VIEWERS LIKE YOU. THANK YOU. [CAPTIONING PERFORMED BY THE

NATIONAL CAPTIONING INSTITUTE, WHICH IS RESPONSIBLE FOR ITS CAPTION CONTENT AND ACCURACY. VISIT NCICAP.ORG] ♪ ♪ ♪ . >> HELLO, EVERYONE ANDELCOME

TO "AMANPOUR AND COMPANY." HERE'S WHAT'S COMING UP. IN AMERICA NO END SIGHT TO THE MASS SHOOTINGS AS LEADERSHIP CHANGES HANDS IN CONGRESS JAMES CLYBURN WEIGHS HOW GOVERNMENT COULD RESPOND. >>> THEN, THE WORST VIOLENCE IN ISRAELI LEADERSHIP GOES BACK TO THE FUTURE. A HISTORIC TAKES THE LONG VIEW AND. >> PLEASE RETURN OUR CHILDREN R. >> IN RUSSIA, MOTHERS SPEAK OUT ABOUT THE MISERABLE CONDITIONS FOR SONS FIGHTING PUTIN'S WAR IN UKRAINE. >>> ALSO. >> I'M SCARED FOR LATER IN DECEMBER AND JANUARY AND FEBRUAHE