The Baltimore Sun: 150 Years

<v Woman>I was tough. You had to be, I mean, can you imagine those days covering the waterfront, <v Woman>covering a labor and a woman and surviving? <v Man 1>Oh, it was a literary paradise, there were many people of great talent working <v Man 1>there. <v Man 2>Well, I think the Sun paper was the greatest-world's greatest newspaper on North Street. <v Man 3>We've had a-we had a young man who had been a reporter on the Evening Sun. <v Man 3>His name was Jim McManus, and Jim McManus we brought over as a <v Man 3>newsman on uh Channel 2 and he did news. <v Phil>I think he even sang a couple times. <v Phil>In a very short time, he was so good that uh he was on <v Phil>his way to New York City, New York. <v Phil>They said McManus? <v Phil>Uh we gotta change that name and so they made him, Jim McKay.

<v Jim McKay>They sure did, Phil. Personally, I still prefer McManus, and that's what it says on our <v Jim McKay>mailbox. One other thing, I didn't sing once or twice, I sang every <v Jim McKay>day. But in the beginning, I started out in the newsroom at the old Sun building <v Jim McKay>on Baltimore Street. Now right now, we're in the new plant on Calvert Street, <v Jim McKay>and it's here that all three Sun papers are put together: the Morning, that's where I'm <v Jim McKay>standing, the Evening, that was my old paper just behind, and the Sunday Sun down the <v Jim McKay>hall. May 17th, 1987 is the 150th anniversary <v Jim McKay>of The Baltimore Sun. In the coming hour, we're going to examine that 150 year history, <v Jim McKay>including both compliments and complaints about the paper's record. <v Jim McKay>We'll watch the presses run, follow a reporter on her rounds, and see some <v Jim McKay>of the faces behind familiar bylines. <v Jim McKay>We're also going to eavesdrop as veteran correspondents relive their biggest stories. <v Jim McKay>We'll explore what newspapers mean to us. <v Jim McKay>Why do we keep reading them in spite of television? <v Jim McKay>And we'll try to imagine the newspaper of the future.

<v Jim McKay>But first, the past, and the place to learn about <v Jim McKay>that is not the newsroom, but across the street at the Downtown Athletic Club, <v Jim McKay>where the old timers gather to reminisce. <v Man 4>[Indistinct conversation] Time for our weekly survey. <v Man 4>What do you think the chances of Shaver becoming a presidential <v Man 4>cand-candidate are? <v Man 5>On a scale of 1 to 100, 2 and a half. <v Man 5>[People laugh]. <v Jim McKay>Harold Williams, longtime editor of The Sunday Sun magazine and more recently <v Jim McKay>author of the New Johns Hopkins Press History of the Baltimore Sun. <v Harold Williams>Ah, the Sun started on May the 17th, 1837. <v Harold Williams>Uh, it was founded by Arunah S. <v Harold Williams>Abell, uh 31 years old. <v Harold Williams>He was born in Rhode Island, had what they call a plain schooling, uh <v Harold Williams>he wanted to become a printer, worked in Providence, Boston, went to New York. <v Harold Williams>There in New York he met two friends, Simmons <v Harold Williams>and uh Swain, and uh they decided to start

<v Harold Williams>a penny paper, in those days a penny paper was something new <v Harold Williams>and different. At that time there were about 6 or 7 other daily papers <v Harold Williams>in town and also a number of weekly papers and semi-weeklies. <v Harold Williams>Most of the papers sold for 6 pence, 8 or 10 dollars a year, <v Harold Williams>and most of those papers were not sold individually. <v Jacques Kelly>The town was so business and commercially oriented that the uh <v Jacques Kelly>the other papers, particularly the old Baltimore American, was <v Jacques Kelly>just filled with-with it seemed like nothing but shipping news and news of <v Jacques Kelly>the stock markets and banking news so that a more popularly <v Jacques Kelly>oriented paper would have filled a real readers need of the <v Jacques Kelly>person who really didn't have to-have to read uh what price molasses was bringing <v Jacques Kelly>on Pratt Street that day. <v Harold Williams>The penny paper was more interested in appealing to the individual and telling the uh <v Harold Williams>new society what was coming along-

<v Jim McKay>And what was coming along in 1837? <v Jim McKay>Well, Martin Van Buren was the president of the United States, Victoria would soon be <v Jim McKay>crowned queen of England, and Samuel Morse was exhibiting his new invention, <v Jim McKay>the Telegraph; the best selling book, Nathaniel Hawthorne's Twice Told Tales. <v Jim McKay>As for Baltimore, it was booming. <v Jacques Kelly>I'd say it was a good time to begin a newspaper, um the town was <v Jacques Kelly>very much caught up in the business of transport, <v Jacques Kelly>shipping the wharves along Pratt Street just mob teeming with <v Jacques Kelly>activity. And by 1837, some of the profits <v Jacques Kelly>to be in a railroad were beginning to be filtering back into the city, uh so it was <v Jacques Kelly>a time of some prosperity and uh <v Jacques Kelly>a very busy, bustling kind of time fo-for Baltimore. <v Harold Williams>At that particular time, Baltimore had a population of around 90,000, <v Harold Williams>and Abells started a new system of distributing the paper, he divided

<v Harold Williams>the uh city up into various areas and hired people to go out and deliver <v Harold Williams>the paper, and of course, Baltimore was much smaller than it is <v Harold Williams>now. The outskirts of the city probably didn't go beyond Howard's <v Harold Williams>woods where the Washington Monument is today and down to the <v Harold Williams>harbor and maybe over to Jones falls on the east, <v Harold Williams>and that was more or less the extent of the city environment in those days. <v Harold Williams>First of all, Abell had a small staff in addition to being, in effect, the <v Harold Williams>publisher and the editor, he was a printer. <v Harold Williams>He probably helped out in the-in the press room and in the-as a compositor, uh <v Harold Williams>and maybe he took his turn at cranking the press to <v Harold Williams>within a short time there was shelling over 15,000 papers and Abell boasted <v Harold Williams>that it was much more than his combined circulation of all the other daily papers. <v Harold Williams>With the growth of the paper, uh Abell decided to build <v Harold Williams>the finest newspaper office in the United States, and he put

<v Harold Williams>up what they call the Sun Iron building. <v Harold Williams>It was the first iron office building in the United States <v Harold Williams>and attracted a great deal of attention, not only in Baltimore, it was a princ-it was a <v Harold Williams>principal highlight of Baltimore architecture for many, many years. <v Harold Williams>But architects and builders from all over the country came to see the Sun Iron building, <v Harold Williams>this became the progenitor of the skyscraper idea. <v Jim McKay>Take a look at this, this is an actual edition of The Sun Papers from the year 1851, <v Jim McKay>all four pages of it. Right now, I'm in the library of the University of Maryland, <v Jim McKay>Baltimore County. They have a tremendous collection here of bound volumes of the Sun <v Jim McKay>papers going all the way back to the beginning to 1837. <v Jim McKay>We selected 1851 because, well, that was the year, for example, that <v Jim McKay>Herman Melville's Moby Dick was published. <v Jim McKay>In September of that year, the New York Times first appeared, but at that point in time, <v Jim McKay>the Sun was already 14 years old and thriving.

<v Jim McKay>The country with a population of 23 million was thriving too, but trouble <v Jim McKay>was on its way. The Civil War was brewing and Baltimore was in a crucial strategic <v Jim McKay>position. On the 18th of April in 1861, Massachusetts <v Jim McKay>troops marched through Baltimore, leaving one railroad station, crossing Pratt Street to <v Jim McKay>go to the other station, that's Camden Station. <v Jim McKay>While they're on their way, a mob came along and attacked the Massachusetts troops. <v Jim McKay>Baltimore's Mayor Brown was walking with the troops, he waved his top hat and his <v Jim McKay>umbrella trying to control the crowd, didn't work. <v Jim McKay>Four soldiers were killed, 11 civilians and a number of people were injured. <v Jim McKay>The incident showed that there was plenty of anti-Union sentiment in Baltimore, there <v Jim McKay>could be trouble; federal troops occupied the city. <v Jim McKay>Baltimore was placed under martial law with soldiers on Federal Hill and cannon <v Jim McKay>trained toward the downtown area. <v Harold Williams>The union forces exercised strong control over the city, <v Harold Williams>particularly during the latter part of the war.

<v Harold Williams>If a man wore a necktie that had the colors of the South, he would be called <v Harold Williams>to account for the particular thing. <v Harold Williams>If somebody would put a Confederate flag on their Christmas tree, a neighbor <v Harold Williams>would report this and the authorities would appear and demand that the flag be <v Harold Williams>removed. If a boy would wave at Confederate prisoners being marched <v Harold Williams>to the street, he would be taken to the police station and admonished. <v Jim McKay>The Union controlled the newspapers more closely in Baltimore than in any other part of <v Jim McKay>the country. During the war, several of the city's newspapers were suspended and <v Jim McKay>a great many editors were put in jail, some of them for as long as two years. <v Jim McKay>Other editors were expelled from the Union and sent behind southern lines until the end <v Jim McKay>of the war. Abell, however, managed to keep publishing, he took no editorial <v Jim McKay>stance on the war. Most he would say about any event was that it was, quote, interesting. <v Jim McKay>So Abell's paper survived, and Abell himself became one of the richest men in America, <v Jim McKay>he really lived the good life. He had a mansion in town and a large estate called

<v Jim McKay>Guilford, which covered hundreds of acres. <v Jim McKay>It extended from what is now University Parkway to Cold Spring Lane and from Charles <v Jim McKay>Street to Greenmount Avenue. He had a large stable, and in the middle of the stable area <v Jim McKay>was a marble fountain for the horses. <v Jim McKay>He lived until he was 82 years old, he died on April the 19th, <v Jim McKay>1888. But first, on the 50th anniversary of The Sun in <v Jim McKay>1887, he made a partnership with his three sons, Edwin, George, <v Jim McKay>and Walter. George especially took over the management of the paper, expanded <v Jim McKay>the paper in many ways, and saw it safely to the end of the century. <v Jim McKay>Early in the new century, the biggest story of all happened right on the Sun's doorstep.

<v Jim McKay>Sunday, February 7th, 1904 started out as a very quiet day. <v Jim McKay>There was a hint of rain in the air. The only people on the streets downtown were people <v Jim McKay>going to church, but then a fire broke out at a dry goods store, an <v Jim McKay>automatic alarm sounded, in a few minutes there were two or three fire engines there. <v Jim McKay>But there was a wind from the southwest, and soon that fire was blowing across streets <v Jim McKay>into neighboring buildings. The wind was racing east along Baltimore Street, and <v Jim McKay>?inaudible? the firemen realized that they had a tremendous blaze on their hands. <v Jim McKay>Soon, fire companies from Washington, Philadelphia and even from New York came to help. <v Harold Williams>The Sun still hoped to put out an addition that time, althrough the paper across <v Harold Williams>the street the American abandoned plans, but around 10 <v Harold Williams>o'clock that night, the fire was racing down Baltimore streets, <v Harold Williams>and the Sun decided that it would have to print in Washington. <v Jim McKay>As the fire swept toward Jones Falls, it destroyed everything <v Jim McKay>in its path. The Sun Iron building went up in flames,

<v Jim McKay>nothing was left. <v Jim McKay>Eventually, at the edge of Little Italy, the wind shifted and the blaze was stopped, <v Jim McKay>it was one of the greatest fires in the history of the United States, certainly the <v Jim McKay>greatest disaster in the history of Baltimore. <v Jim McKay>Almost 139 acres were destroyed, 73 blocks <v Jim McKay>and more than 1,300 buildings were burned out of the downtown section. <v Harold Williams>For 2 months, the Sun was printed in Washington, <v Harold Williams>reporters going over by train every day with the news and bringing back

<v Harold Williams>Suns for 2 months to distribute throughout Baltimore. <v Jim McKay>Meanwhile, the Abells put up a new building, at the corner of Baltimore and Charles <v Jim McKay>Streets, came to be called Sun Square. <v Jim McKay>When the new building opened, the Sun was almost 70 years old, and in all that time it <v Jim McKay>had remained a morning paper only, but a man came along who changed that. <v Harold Williams>Charles H. Grasty was a marvelous editor, but he was a strange man <v Harold Williams>to work with, an eccentric, and he heard that the Abells were arguing among themselves <v Harold Williams>and thought it was an opportunity to buy uh into the Sun. <v Harold Williams>And he developed some new backers, H. <v Harold Williams>Crawford Clarke, uh Robin Garrett, uh a man <v Harold Williams>named Kaiser, and they bought a large interest in the Sun <v Harold Williams>and Grasty took over as the publisher, in effect, the editor, and <v Harold Williams>the general manager. Uh within a month he started the Evening <v Harold Williams>Sun, started it without telling either his board or his stock

<v Harold Williams>holders. <v Harold Williams>He had great plans for the Evening Sun and expended a tremendous <v Harold Williams>amount of money in getting it going. <v Harold Williams>Ah, but in a few years the Sun began to lose a lot of money, <v Harold Williams>and one of the rival papers ran a cartoon showing Grasty <v Harold Williams>pouring large amounts of money down a rat hole. <v Jim McKay>What saved the paper was drastic management changes and the infusion of new blood, <v Jim McKay>newspapermen like the one who lived here. <v Jim McKay>This 19th century rowhouse on Union Square was the home of a man they called <v Jim McKay>the Sage of Baltimore. Henry Louis Mencken for almost all of his 76 <v Jim McKay>years, he lived, played, and worked in this house. <v Jim McKay>It's been preserved exactly as Mencken left it by the Baltimore City Life Museums. <v Jim McKay>Here in the parlor, he entertains his literary friends, people like F. <v Jim McKay>Scott Fitzgerald. Most of his work was done here at this desk, columns, articles, <v Jim McKay>books; he caught the attention of the world with his writing and the world listened.

<v Fred Rasmussen>Uh in the 1920s, The New York Times referred to Mencken as the most powerful <v Fred Rasmussen>private citizen, in the United States. <v Fred Rasmussen>His influence on an entire generation, his uh <v Fred Rasmussen>iconic classtastic view of things. <v Fred Rasmussen>His battle against the censors and censorship, the Klu Klux Klan, uh <v Fred Rasmussen>you have to look at the Scopes Monkey trial coverage, which is still brilliant. <v John T. Ward>He was number one, literary man of the United States rather than just <v John T. Ward>Baltimore, and his reputation pushed ?inaudible? <v John T. Ward>To the glory of the Sun papers. <v John T. Ward>Of course, they gave him some glory too, no doubt about that. <v John T. Ward>Everybody from coast to coast quoting Henry Mencken. <v John T. Ward>He uh was editing the American Mercury in New York, which is a literary magazine <v John T. Ward>published by Knopf. He did continue writing the Monday column for the paper,

<v John T. Ward>Mencken then, of course, had a weekly column in the Evening Sun, <v John T. Ward>a very readable-anything you want to write about, but all is well written. <v John T. Ward>So, of course, all us reporters and editors were sure to read that, not because I had to, <v John T. Ward>because the man was a very entertaining writer. <v R. P. Harris>Once in a great while, I had a-I would sometimes write <v R. P. Harris>a short piece, only one column in length, rather than two, <v R. P. Harris>and I'd get on the same page with Mencken on a Monday. <v R. P. Harris>I would be proud to be on the same page. <v R. P. Harris>?inaudible? <v R. P. Harris>Me and Mencken on the same page, same size and everything, it made me feel very uh, I <v R. P. Harris>felt very happy about-that <v R. P. Harris>connection and that part of it really, because the paper was a <v R. P. Harris>editor's ?inaudible?, it was a very bright time. <v Philip M. Wagner>But he was a marvelous person to work with, if you could

<v Philip M. Wagner>put up with his uh special eccentricities. <v Philip M. Wagner>I had an office outside of Hamilton Orange's office when he was the editor. <v Philip M. Wagner>Every day you hear this "Klump, Klump, Klump" coming up the hall at 5 minutes <v Philip M. Wagner>till 2:00 AM, and uh it would be Henry Mencken, <v Philip M. Wagner>you know, he'd say good morning. I developed a habit of saying good morning right up <v Philip M. Wagner>until midnight from hearing that every day. <v Margaret McManus>During the war, Paul Pattison always had a party for the children <v Margaret McManus>of the overseas correspondents, but the first ones got off such <v Margaret McManus>a dreadful start because all the board members were there. <v Margaret McManus>These guys really didn't know how to talk to these little children and the children were <v Margaret McManus>dressed up, you know, to their eyebrows, and the mothers were all trying to make <v Margaret McManus>conversation. And it was going to be the worst flop. <v Margaret McManus>And nobody couldn't loosening it up at all, the children stood at the corner till in came <v Margaret McManus>Mencken like a little Santa Claus with a sack, just a sack <v Margaret McManus>over his back, and he sat down on the floor and all the children sat around and he dumped

<v Margaret McManus>all this stuff on the floor. And it was some little Jim? <v Margaret McManus>Cranky? Stuff, you know, that he'd gone to some little novelty store and picked up <v Margaret McManus>little balloons, and horns, and tinny things <v Margaret McManus>and they loved it, and then the party was off and it was wonderful. <v Margaret McManus>And Mencken had ice cream all over him, just like the kids did. <v Jim McKay>Mencken's Garden, it's only 20 feet wide, 100 feet long, but they say <v Jim McKay>that was his favorite spot. <v Jim McKay>Matter of fact, stand here for a few minutes and you can almost imagine that, he's <v Jim McKay>still-no, I couldn't. <v Gwinn Owens>I still admire him, he goes in and out of fashion. <v Gwinn Owens>I still think he's one of the most brilliant and original thinkers <v Gwinn Owens>and writers of this century. <v Fred Rasmussen>His influence is still here. <v Fred Rasmussen>People still associate Mencken in the Sun, and of course, he's been dead <v Fred Rasmussen>30 years. <v Jim McKay>From this point on, our story is not recorded history.

<v Jim McKay>Rather, it's the memories of people who are alive and well and having lunch together <v Jim McKay>every week. This group calls itself everything from the Geritol set, to the Sun <v Jim McKay>in exile or more often simply the Thursday club. <v Jim McKay>What they have in common is the fact that they all now or at some time in the past have <v Jim McKay>worked for the paper. <v John T. Ward>In 1919, I graduated from Western Maryland College <v John T. Ward>and next year I went with the Sun papers. <v John T. Ward>I had an interview with Frank Cantu, who was the managing editor, and he <v John T. Ward>put me on staff as a reporter from The Morning Sun. <v Philip M. Wagner>It was a period, a very special period in <v Philip M. Wagner>uh-uh English speaking journalism really. <v Philip M. Wagner>It was a unique crowd in the Sun papers, and there was no <v Philip M. Wagner>place in English speaking journalism in any country, or any part of this country I <v Philip M. Wagner>would have gone to in preference to the Sun. <v R. P. Harris>The Morning Sun was one of the as now

<v R. P. Harris>one-one of the prestigious uh papers, <v R. P. Harris>and uh it was always on the White House breakfast table. <v R. P. Harris>Few uh old enough to remember, but before Watergate, <v R. P. Harris>there was Teapot Dome. <v R. P. Harris>The Teapot Dome scandal occurred in Harding's administration <v R. P. Harris>and Harding very probably would have had to resign as Nixon ?wants? <v R. P. Harris>To do after Watergate. <v R. P. Harris>But he-he had the-the grace to die <v R. P. Harris>in office, so he-he didn't, they didn't get a chance to-to <v R. P. Harris>throw him out. <v R. P. Harris>But ?your? Sun papers, particularly the Morning <v R. P. Harris>Sun had been taking a leading part in pushing that case <v R. P. Harris>and uh getting several of the cabinet members prison <v R. P. Harris>time, sent to prison.

<v R. P. Harris>And uh so Teapot Dome had made the-the <v R. P. Harris>Morning Sun a very prestigious paper. <v Jim McKay>Before long, the Sun became famous not only for its brilliant writers, but for something <v Jim McKay>else as well. It was the only local paper that had his own foreign bureaus, <v Jim McKay>and some of its best stories were filed by its foreign correspondents. <v Philip M. Wagner>Windsor was in Switzerland, and she was in a chateau in the <v Philip M. Wagner>Loire Valley, and I wrote her a note saying that I'd happened <v Philip M. Wagner>that I was going to be in France and I would just love to drop <v Philip M. Wagner>by and have a chat with her. <v Philip M. Wagner>I got there and to my astonishment was a quote from Mrs. Simpson saying, "Please come <v Philip M. Wagner>over, I'd love to talk with you.", and this old rattletrap <v Philip M. Wagner>of a car was flapping curtains. <v Philip M. Wagner>I just dashed across France and got there and found the <v Philip M. Wagner>chateau. In every tree seem to have a Secret Service <v Philip M. Wagner>agent behind it. Mrs Simpson was in front of the fire, had a

<v Philip M. Wagner>nice velvet dress on, and we had a short time to talk about <v Philip M. Wagner>the-a little bit of everything, and I carefully avoiding <v Philip M. Wagner>things I knew very well I couldn't ask. <v Philip M. Wagner>And I went back, went to the hotel, did a story. <v Philip M. Wagner>An hour later I had a car. The hotel saying I thought-I thought your conversation <v Philip M. Wagner>was awfully nice. There's only one thing about it that uh isn't <v Philip M. Wagner>quite right. She said, You speak of my-my black hair. <v Philip M. Wagner>Actually, it's very dark brown. <v Philip M. Wagner>I said, nothing easier than to change that, thank you. <v Philip M. Wagner>It was so much. <v Jim McKay>Not all foreign assignments got you a visit to a French chateau. <v Joseph R.L. Sterne>In Africa, I was traveling uh through 26-23 <v Joseph R.L. Sterne>countries in 26 weeks, I'll never forget that, and it was <v Joseph R.L. Sterne>a time when Africa was blowing sky high.

<v Joseph R.L. Sterne>It was 1960, the era of independence, the era of the <v Joseph R.L. Sterne>Congo, upheaval and so on. <v Peter Kumpa>First went abroad in 1956, February '56. <v Peter Kumpa>They sent me to the Middle East because there was trouble brewing ya know, and I spent <v Peter Kumpa>about uh I did two kind of short tours out there. <v Peter Kumpa>Not stationed in any one place, but about 5 or 6 months at a ?crack?. <v Peter Kumpa>Mainly working out of Cairo, but doing the whole Middle East thing. <v Louis Rukeyser>When I was 26, I was chief of the Sun's London bureau and I went directly to Asia, <v Louis Rukeyser>I was their only man in Asia. <v Louis Rukeyser>Theoretically, I was chief of the New Delhi bureau, but as chief of the New Delhi bureau, <v Louis Rukeyser>I covered stories from Taiwan to Cairo, and it was an exciting experience. <v Louis Rukeyser>I covered the Vietnam War, I covered uh breaking events all over the place. <v Jim McKay>But we're getting ahead of our story. In 1939, Hitler occupied Czechoslovakia <v Jim McKay>and invaded Poland, and World War 2 is upon us. <v Jim McKay>At the Sun, there was a curious side effect. <v Philip S. Heister>In 1939, there was one woman on the staff of the Evening Sun,

<v Philip S. Heister>the newsstand, and she was ?inaudible? ?not sure, a women's page ahead of her? <v Philip S. Heister>By 1943, I would say a half of the staff of the Evening Sun was women, <v Philip S. Heister>and I think this is-played-probably a pretty big part in the <v Philip S. Heister>whole movement of women's liberation. <v Philip S. Heister>You get all these ladies in the newsrooms of the paper of the country and they make quite <v Philip S. Heister>an impact. <v Grace M. Darin>I came to the-to the Evening Sun in 1943 from <v Grace M. Darin>Columbia School of Journalism, where I had just gotten my master's degree and <v Grace M. Darin>they were hiring because the war was on, men were short, they were hiring women to do <v Grace M. Darin>jobs that had been considered closed to women up until then, and one of them was on the <v Grace M. Darin>copy desk. So I started on the copy desk and I stayed there <v Grace M. Darin>all my years, 35 of them with the Sun. <v Grace M. Darin>It was very exciting, it really was, people would say, well, you know, you sit there on <v Grace M. Darin>the copy desk and there's no excitement. We're going out and covering the world. <v Grace M. Darin>But the world was coming to us.

<v Jim McKay>While the women were running the paper; overseas the men were covering the biggest <v Jim McKay>stories of their lives. <v Robert B. Cochrane>The biggest story I ever covered was certainly the surrender <v Robert B. Cochrane>aboard the Missouri in Tokyo Bay, uh nothing I ever covered <v Robert B. Cochrane>before or since approached that in magnitude or importance. <v Robert B. Cochrane>The actual surrender took place in the quarter deck in the battleship Missouri. <v Robert B. Cochrane>[Overlapping conversations] We scrambled aboard, and we were given wonderful seats. <v Robert B. Cochrane>The ritual is almost like a religious procession with things happens along <v Robert B. Cochrane>a stately splendor that uh. <v Robert B. Cochrane>[The Japanese imperial] says something for General MacArthur's gift for the dramatic, <v Robert B. Cochrane>and before he signed it, he said uh, before I sign, <v Robert B. Cochrane>will Generals Wainwright and Percival come and stand <v Robert B. Cochrane>beside me, which they did. General Wainright, as you know, had been <v Robert B. Cochrane>imprisoned since the death march in Bataan, and General Percival <v Robert B. Cochrane>had been in the um prison camp in Shanghai.

<v Robert B. Cochrane>At 9:17, and General MacArthur stood up and said,. <v Douglas MacAruthur>Let peace be now <v Douglas MacAruthur>restored to the world, and let God preserve <v Douglas MacAruthur>it always. <v Robert B. Cochrane>These proceedings are closed and that ended World <v Robert B. Cochrane>War 2. <v Jim McKay>Some of the women expected to lose their jobs after the war, but instead, management kept <v Jim McKay>them on because they were good reporters. <v Jim McKay>People like Helen Delich Bentley stayed on and made her big splash as the maritime <v Jim McKay>editor. <v Helen Delich Bentley>We developed the best maritime coverage in the United States, and when there was a strike <v Helen Delich Bentley>on of any kind. The-all of <v Helen Delich Bentley>the people around the country, Washington and elsewhere, always read The Baltimore Sun in <v Helen Delich Bentley>the morning to find out what is the latest on the strike and what the outlook is. <v Helen Delich Bentley>Because I had excellent sources, that's very important, and <v Helen Delich Bentley>it was because of a lot of that, and that um, and that attitude and the approach that we

<v Helen Delich Bentley>took. Actually, that I at my time was able to do so much to <v Helen Delich Bentley>lay the groundwork for the modernization of the Port of Baltimore. <v Jim McKay>Superstar feature writer Margaret Dempsey later McManus. <v Margaret McManus>I never thought of myself as a writer, I thought of myself as a newspaper reporter, and <v Margaret McManus>that's the way I wanted to-and nobody would call themselves a journalist <v Margaret McManus>for Lord's sake, I mean, that's pretentious. <v Margaret McManus>The newsroom, I guess, was just as different as could be as-from <v Margaret McManus>the way it is now. It was a movie newsroom you know, <v Margaret McManus>with cigarette butts everywhere and smoke so thick, you could hardly beat your way <v Margaret McManus>through it, and old paper cups and drank this dreadful coffee from <v Margaret McManus>morning to night, it was awful. <v Margaret McManus>[Indistinct conversation from movie] You know, it was just such an informal <v Margaret McManus>atmosphere. You know, there was the old typewriter sending them and banging noises and <v Margaret McManus>threw copy paper on the floor. <v Margaret McManus>Nobody was tidy.

<v Peter Kumpa>I remember when somebody told me, you're not a real newspaperman, I drink beer. <v Peter Kumpa>I said, well, what do you suppose to drink? Gin. You know, Clarens coffee. <v Peter Kumpa>He said, this is-you drink your gin straight, and I said, I don't like gin. <v Peter Kumpa>Well, you chase it down. <v Peter Kumpa>I said, what do you chase it down with? A gin and tonic, that's the newspaperman's way of <v Peter Kumpa>doing things. <v Margaret McManus>Well, I loved it all, you know. I mean, I liked every single bit of it, and I don't think <v Margaret McManus>that is just that I idealize it now that I look back on it. <v Margaret McManus>I didn't even like my day off. <v Margaret McManus>I had so much fun. <v Jim McKay>Another popular feature was Mr. Peep's diary, John Goodspeed <v John Goodspeed>Mr. Peeps there, I don't know who thought of that awful pun, but at any rate that title <v John Goodspeed>stayed all the whole 18 years there-16 years there. <v John Goodspeed>It was the best job I ever had, after I got a whole lot of informants and that <v John Goodspeed>kind of thing. You would go into the morning about uh 11 o' clock, open your mail and go <v John Goodspeed>to lunch. <v Louis Rukeyser>Oh, it was a literary paradise. <v Louis Rukeyser>There were many people of great talent working there. <v Louis Rukeyser>They had many different styles. Unlike most newspapers and magazines where there's a set

<v Louis Rukeyser>institutional approach to the thing. <v Jim McKay>But there were problems in paradise. <v Jim McKay>The pay was low and management seemed indifferent to employees needs. <v Jim Bready>If you uh went in with an offer from some other paper of 5 <v Jim Bready>or 10 dollars a week more, uh they would uh-the standard <v Jim Bready>response was "We want to wish you all the luck in the world, my boy, here's your hat." <v Jim Bready>And the result was that the Sun lost <v Jim Bready>in those days a great many, very promising people. <v Grace M. Darin>The strike of '65 was a secret ballot. Nobody forced anybody to vote for it, and <v Grace M. Darin>people with longtime devotion to the Sun stood there with literally tears <v Grace M. Darin>in their eyes, and voted to strike. <v Jim McKay>The 1965 strike was the first in the paper's history, not even the great Baltimore <v Jim McKay>Fire had stopped the presses, but now the strike was on. <v Protester>Well, the out of town papers, as fast as you get 'em, you sell 'em. <v Newsspeaker>There has been little meaningful bargaining between the parties on the issues <v Newsspeaker>of dispute since the strike began.

<v Protester>Comics is what they're all screaming for. <v Grace M. Darin>It lasted 49 days <v Grace M. Darin>and we went back with our flags flying, and uh the people <v Grace M. Darin>on the outside had more fun than those who were working. <v Grace M. Darin>The Guild surrendered but surrendered with an arbitration agreement, and the arbitrators <v Grace M. Darin>surprisingly uh gave the guild its major demand, not much <v Grace M. Darin>money, but uh a guild shop, which was the one thing they sensed <v Grace M. Darin>that they'd never get. So in a way, I guess it was won, and that was the basis on which <v Grace M. Darin>further progress is made. <v Jim McKay>Over the years, the Sun Papers writers had their articles collected into anthologies, <v Jim McKay>wrote books and won many national and international awards. <v Jim McKay>Names like William Manchester, James M. <v Jim McKay>Cain, Lee McCardle, Bradford Jacobs <v Jim McKay>and Russell Baker. The list goes on and on, of those who have enriched our lives with <v Jim McKay>their writing. But here at home, the paper was getting mixed reviews. <v Parren J. Mitchell>For a long period of time, they would run something like this; the Sun papers will

<v Parren J. Mitchell>endorse Parren Mitchell, we only wish that some other worthy challenger <v Parren J. Mitchell>had-had decided to run for Congress. It was always a kind of a left handed endorsement. <v Jim McKay>For a long time, the Sun was considered a newspaper for the elite, and today, it still <v Jim McKay>constantly fights that image, along with a reputation for insensitivity to <v Jim McKay>minorities of all kinds. <v Jim McKay>Parren Mitchell, Maryland's first black congressman and a member of one of Maryland's <v Jim McKay>political families has been in the public eye for more than 30 years. <v Jim McKay>[Indistinct conversation]. He has his own view of how The Baltimore Sun has treated <v Jim McKay>minorities. <v Parren J. Mitchell>I think that the-in general, the black community has a basic <v Parren J. Mitchell>distrust of-of the white press. <v Parren J. Mitchell>You can't uh erase from my mind <v Parren J. Mitchell>or their minds the kind of treatment that was given us in the press in the past. <v Parren J. Mitchell>It was just apparent open that there was a um <v Parren J. Mitchell>pattern of ignoring the black community for many, many years with the-with <v Parren J. Mitchell>our local papers are-just consistently ignored us.

<v Parren J. Mitchell>That changed a little bit during the civil rights decade. <v Parren J. Mitchell>You couldn't ignore that period of protest, but I would quickly add on <v Parren J. Mitchell>that The Baltimore Sun is not too different from most other newspapers around the <v Parren J. Mitchell>country. There is a-a real insensitivity <v Parren J. Mitchell>to the black community. <v Jim McKay>The Baltimore Sun also had to take on members of the Jewish community. <v Jim McKay>Leon Sachs was chairman of the Baltimore Jewish Council for 34 years. <v Jim McKay>He remembers his clashes with the Sun. <v Leon Sachs>There are a number of Jews in the community that always felt that The Sun paper was, and <v Leon Sachs>I was never one that could label them as being prejudiced except <v Leon Sachs>when they became obstinate for change. <v Leon Sachs>When I came to the Baltimore Jewish Council in 1941, the Sun <v Leon Sachs>papers at that time was carrying ads. <v Leon Sachs>Employment ads of discriminatory nature, whites only, <v Leon Sachs>gentile only, christians only, that sort of thing.

<v Leon Sachs>I went to the business manager, and um I <v Leon Sachs>discussed the matter with him, <v Leon Sachs>and he-he could see nothing wrong with it. <v Leon Sachs>He said, "The Sun isn't discriminating, The Sun is merely carrying the ads <v Leon Sachs>of firms that do discriminate." <v Jim McKay>Reg Murphy has been the publisher of The Baltimore Sun since 1981. <v Reg Murphy>When I got to Baltimore, I found that there were people who believed that we have had <v Reg Murphy>anti-Semitism in the past, and they believed that we have had some prejudice <v Reg Murphy>against black people in the past. <v Reg Murphy>I don't think it was entirely true, but I think there was a feeling in the community that <v Reg Murphy>that was true. So our editors and I went out into the community. <v Reg Murphy>We went into a lot of churches in black areas and into synagogues, and we had a lot <v Reg Murphy>of meetings, and I believe that we have been able to diffuse that feeling, <v Reg Murphy>and most people would say that we don't have those reputations anymore. <v Rebecca E. Carroll>Oh, I think there's been a tremendous change. <v Rebecca E. Carroll>At one time, I can recall that there were very few pictures of minorities

<v Rebecca E. Carroll>in The Sun papers and certainly very few articles with positive <v Rebecca E. Carroll>stories. <v Rebecca E. Carroll>I think that perhaps The Sun papers is a little bit more sensitive to <v Rebecca E. Carroll>the fact that the community is composed of a minority well <v Rebecca E. Carroll>over 50 percent. <v Wiley A. Hall, III>I think we're going through a period right now where The Sun is moving aggressively <v Wiley A. Hall, III>to improve its image in the black community, and uh I think that's why <v Wiley A. Hall, III>you see a lot of-a lot of the friction. <v Wiley A. Hall, III>You know, we're sort of working out; okay, what are the ground rules, you know, <v Wiley A. Hall, III>what-what-what do you want to hear about, and what-what are we willing <v Wiley A. Hall, III>to report on? <v Jim McKay>[Indistinct conversations] More than friction showed up recently when a special five part <v Jim McKay>series on a reputed black drug dealer appeared during the first national holiday honoring <v Jim McKay>Dr. Martin Luther King. <v Nathaniel McFadden>I think that was ill timed and unfortunate <v Nathaniel McFadden>occurrence on the part of the paper to print an article

<v Nathaniel McFadden>about a gentleman who is a real negative influence in our <v Nathaniel McFadden>community at that particular time. <v Nathaniel McFadden>So in the black community, there is a period of reflection of giving <v Nathaniel McFadden>thought to how far we've come and how far we have to go. <v Nathaniel McFadden>So when they see a series starting on a jubilee on a <v Nathaniel McFadden>Sunday and ending on Martin Luther King's birthday, uh <v Nathaniel McFadden>the feeling then is it was deliberate. <v Jim McKay>Jim Houck, the managing editor of The Morning Sun, admits they made a, quote, bad <v Jim McKay>decision in running the story when they did, but he doesn't apologize. <v James I. Houck>Obviously, we don't regret we ran the story. <v James I. Houck>I think it was-I think it was absolutely first rate piece of investigative journalism, <v James I. Houck>and uh I think we told this community a lot <v James I. Houck>that it needed to know about the tentacles <v James I. Houck>of-of the drug culture. <v James I. Houck>[Indistinct conversations] A lot of people uh saw the timing

<v James I. Houck>as a kind of deliberate insult, uh for that, <v James I. Houck>we're really sorry that people viewed it that way. <v James I. Houck>If uh if the story is gonna get overshadowed on a timing-by a timing issue, then <v James I. Houck>it's probably not very wise to run it then. <v Jim McKay>What is fair? Well, it seems to mean different things to different people at different <v Jim McKay>times, but the newspaper. Well, the newspaper has to try to constantly walk that <v Jim McKay>tightrope, day after day, deciding what is fair in this particular story <v Jim McKay>and the only way they can really try to do that is by covering the news accurately and <v Jim McKay>without bias, and of course, sometimes that brings on the criticism that they only cover <v Jim McKay>the bad news. <v Parren J. Mitchell>I am also disturbed about a new development in-a recent development uh <v Parren J. Mitchell>that took place after the Watergate, <v Parren J. Mitchell>and that is almost every reporter now wants to be a reporter <v Parren J. Mitchell>who does investigations, uh, and as a result <v Parren J. Mitchell>of that, on most stories, you get a very negative slant.

<v Helen Delich Bentley>Since Watergate, there's no doubt that journalism has changed. <v Helen Delich Bentley>I think every reporter now wants to become a ?inaudible? <v Helen Delich Bentley>for whatever. <v Helen Delich Bentley>When it's happened, I've called up the reporter, I've called the editor and I said, hey, <v Helen Delich Bentley>you know, if you're gonna do it, do it the whole way. <v Helen Delich Bentley>Don't just put negative things and put in plus things that we do too, and that's what <v Helen Delich Bentley>I object to. I think they need balanced coverage. <v James I. Houck>We spend a lot of time talking about issues like that here, and uh probably, <v James I. Houck>you know, we spend as much time talking about uh <v James I. Houck>issues involving ethics and fairness that any newspaper that I know of <v James I. Houck>in the United States. <v James I. Houck>I'm not saying that we're any more concerned about it in London than most of the <v James I. Houck>newspapers, but we are concerned nonetheless uh uh. <v James I. Houck>We-we do uh we <v James I. Houck>don't-we do-we don't always meet our own standards, and that-that troubles me.

<v John M. Lemmon>I think we try to be fair. <v John M. Lemmon>Sometimes public perception is-is different from our perception. <v John M. Lemmon>You know, since the days of the revolution, people have been condemning Thomas <v John M. Lemmon>Paine's of the world, and the pamphleteers, and the-and <v John M. Lemmon>the crusading editors, and the-because on the grounds <v John M. Lemmon>that they're looking at only uh bad news or that they're <v John M. Lemmon>reporting uh information I suppose it's better left <v John M. Lemmon>unsaid or that we're not reporting it fairly or that we're biased <v John M. Lemmon>or that we're whatever. <v James I. Houck>I think that there's-there is suspicion of the press on other counts, <v James I. Houck>and that is-that the press is the messenger in a lot of cases, and <v James I. Houck>the message sometimes isn't very pleasant. <v James I. Houck>The message is sometimes very difficult for people to deal with, and sometimes it's <v James I. Houck>easier to say uh the problem is the messenger. <v Jim McKay>So far, we've been talking mostly about the past.

<v Jim McKay>Now let's look at The Baltimore Sun today to get a glimpse of the rapid fire newsday <v Jim McKay>world of today's Sun papers. We sent our cameras after three very different contributors <v Jim McKay>to The Sun. A reporter, a columnist and a rather unforgettable <v Jim McKay>delivery man. <v Ann Lolordo>Ann Lolordo, Morning Sun. <v Michael Olesker>Hello, Michael Olesker. <v Ann Lolordo>My job is basically to cover city hall, and that means covering the mayor, <v Ann Lolordo>the city council, city government agencies, and their uh

<v Ann Lolordo>directors. <v Michael Olesker>There are days when I wake up thinking I've written everything that I know. <v Michael Olesker>What am I gonna write about now? <v Michael Olesker>I've said everything I know there's nothing left inside me that I haven't already said. <v Michael Olesker>But then the world always reinvents itself, and uh they've given me a front <v Michael Olesker>row seat and said to me, tell us what you know, tell us what you've found <v Michael Olesker>out today. <v Ann Lolordo>[Indistinct conversation] I'm going to go to the council meeting and finish up on that <v Ann Lolordo>nepotism story. <v Manager>All right. <v Ann Lolordo>Right now, I'm working on a piece involving what appears to be nepotism <v Ann Lolordo>in the city council, where there are at least of 18 members of the city council, I'd say <v Ann Lolordo>there's probably 6 whom have hired relatives for their <v Ann Lolordo>aide positions. <v Manager>Okay, okay, talk to you later. <v Ann Lolordo>All right, bye. <v Delivery Driver>I didn't say that.

<v Ed Rabb>My friend wouldn't say that either. <v Newspaper Shipping Speaker>Ed Rabb, number 12. <v Ed Rabb>That's the Mule's <v Ed Rabb>calling me now, the Mule's calling me now, he wants me ?packing?. <v Newspaper Shipping Speaker>Ed Rabb, ?number 12? <v Newspaper Shipping Speaker>Ed Rabb, report to the number 12 dock. <v Ed Rabb>That's what-that's the Mule. That's the guy we call the Mule. <v Ed Rabb>Respect him, Don't [Ed Rabb laughs]. <v Newspaper Shipping Speaker>Ed Rabb, number 12, Ed Rabb, number 12. <v Staff>What is the main problem with ?inaudible? we're going to send? <v Staff>Are you saying block below ?Seneca?

<v Staff>I went to one of the chain store stuff ?didn't feel right?. <v Reporter>I would like to cover this. <v Manager>I know, but if-if I'm going to give you Wednesday off and you can do this ?inaudible? <v Reporter>There was a fire at his sister's house a couple weeks ago, she died in the fire, <v Reporter>he thinks that her husband murdered her. <v Ann Lolordo>I'm taking inventory of canceled peoples aides, clerks, and or secretaries. <v Ann Lolordo>Which do you have? <v Ann Lolordo>OK. Is that a $4,500 dollar a year person or, okay. <v Ann Lolordo>And this is your nephew? Ok, what's his name? <v Ann Lolordo>Okay. Oh, that's good, I'll put that in there don't worry. <v Ann Lolordo>Now explain to me why you hired him.

<v Michael Olesker>Hello? <v Al>Mike, this is Al. Uh, Tommy the Elder is looking for you, <v Al>Mike, he just seen me a little while ago. He'd like for you to come down and talk to him. <v Michael Olesker>I can be there. I'll be there in about 15 minutes. <v Michael Olesker>OK. All right, I'll see you down there. All right. <v Ann Lolordo>The easiest way I think to work City Hall is to be-is to cover all your bases, to <v Ann Lolordo>talk to as many people as you can. <v Ann Lolordo>As one editor here likes to put it, check all the traps. <v Michael Olesker>Sometimes you get lucky and uh a guy will call and give you <v Michael Olesker>a story over the telephone, and you go check it out. <v Ann Lolordo>A lot of people, it seems like lately are desiring sons, nephews, <v Ann Lolordo>is that something that's going on a lot in the council? <v Ann Lolordo>Is that tradition, is it? <v Councilman>We haven't done it, and to my knowledge, we haven't done it in the 6th district.

<v Thomas D'Alesandro, Jr.>And ?number? Incomes, he paid $10,000 dollars a year. <v Michael Olesker>His heirs? <v Thomas D'Alesandro, Jr.>And today they paid 96 thousand. <v Thomas D'Alesandro, Jr.>[Olesker whistles] ?inaudible? <v Thomas D'Alesandro, Jr.>Could be a millionaire. <v Michael Olesker>Maybe you ought to run again. [They both laugh] <v Ann Lolordo>A lot of people, it seems in accounts for at least a good half dozen of them have hired <v Ann Lolordo>members of their families. <v Ann Lolordo>Is that something that's traditional on the council? <v Councilman>I don't know it to be true, uh I know that uh I suppose in years past there <v Councilman>were some individuals here who work for family members. <v Councilman>So you're saying that's true, now, I don't know anything else. <v Councilman>I don't know who all these folks are. I'm only responsible for one of them. <v Ann Lolordo>Would you ever think about hiring a relative? <v Councilman>I would not. <v Ann Lolordo>Why? <v Councilman>Well, I just don't think I would-I think would have the appearance of impropriety. <v Councilman>From the public's point of view, I don't think it would be appropriate. <v Michael Olesker>Was campaigning different back then than it is now? <v Thomas D'Alesandro, Jr.>Yes. <v Michael Olesker>You had to get out in the street more huh? <v Thomas D'Alesandro, Jr.>Mmhmm. <v Michael Olesker>No television? <v Thomas D'Alesandro, Jr.>No. <v Michael Olesker>21 ?divided? By 60, so it was in the 1920s- <v Thomas D'Alesandro, Jr.>'26.

<v Michael Olesker>1926, and it was down here, and you just <v Michael Olesker>went door to door. <v Thomas D'Alesandro, Jr.>Mmmhmm. <v Michael Olesker>Lot of door to door. <v Thomas D'Alesandro, Jr.>?inaudible?. <v Michael Olesker>A little forward. <v Thomas D'Alesandro, Jr.>I ran up and down Eastern Avenue, I see you around the corner. <v Thomas D'Alesandro, Jr.>You going in Sudan? <v Thomas D'Alesandro, Jr.>When you come in, I'll give you my card. Don't forget me. <v Thomas D'Alesandro, Jr.>It's how I campaigned, door-to-door, signs all around. <v Ann Lolordo>Councilman Cunningham, who's your aide or clerk or-. <v Councilman Cunningham>James Cunningham. <v Ann Lolordo>Is he related to you? <v Councilman Cunningham>Yes, he's my nephew. <v Ann Lolordo>He's your nephew. <v Ann Lolordo>Why did you hire him for that position? <v Councilman Cunningham>Why? Because I um as you know, I was elected in January. <v Councilman Cunningham>Um I needed someone to work with me on constituent matters, <v Councilman Cunningham>and I didn't really have the time to canvass the district and find <v Councilman Cunningham>a suitable person. <v Michael Olesker>We're gonna hit the road. <v Thomas D'Alesandro, Jr.>Thanks for coming. <v Michael Olesker>Hey, it was good to see you. <v Thomas D'Alesandro, Jr.>?I'm Michael Olesker.? <v Michael Olesker>That's it. <v Michael Olesker>Good to see you. <v Thomas D'Alesandro, Jr.>Bye Mike. [Indistinct conversation] <v Michael Olesker>And that's what the column is. It's a story of other people's lives.

<v Ed Rabb>?inaudible? Well off to the next one, next stop around the corner, 3 blocks. <v Ed Rabb>Some security here, here he's got a tag, and look sun's <v Ed Rabb>coming out. Some of these are double binding. <v Ed Rabb>Well I need a mule, all right, ?moba? <v Ed Rabb>here.

<v Ed Rabb>That's the last one to go on this corner, and that's for sure. <v Ed Rabb>3 for 3. <v Ann Lolordo>Rebecca, it's Ann. I'm at the council. <v Ann Lolordo>Right, and the nepotism story is working out fine. <v Ann Lolordo>I've gotten to about 6 different council people and <v Ann Lolordo>it's no problem. The only thing is, I mean, I still haven't gone to the people who-who <v Ann Lolordo>have hired their sons and whatnot. <v Ann Lolordo>And I just think it's going to take a little more time, but I can finish it up by the end <v Ann Lolordo>of the week. OK, I've got to go, the council meeting is starting, bye. <v Ann Lolordo> <v Ed Rabb>I've arrived you mule, remember ?inaudible? I bagged them, but you didn't have to, the sun's out! <v Newspaper Shipping Speaker>You better bag them all. <v Ed Rabb>Oh, yeah? <v Newspaper Shipping Speaker>You know, you better bag 'em. [laughter from others in the room] <v Jim McKay>This is today's edition of The Sun, doesn't look much like that first edition of May

<v Jim McKay>17th, 1837, does it? <v Jim McKay>Tremendous changes over those 150 years in the paper and in ourselves, <v Jim McKay>and the changes continue. <v News American Spokesman>The owners and employees of the News American have done <v News American Spokesman>their very best to prevent this from happening. <v News American Spokesman>But unfortunately, revenues did not uh come forth. <v News American Spokesman>They just were not there. <v Jim McKay>On May 27, 1986, Baltimore's other daily newspaper The News American <v Jim McKay>folded, making Baltimore a one newspaper town. <v Jim McKay>Kind of makes you wonder what the future of newspapers will be. <v Jim McKay>What's ahead? Will there be a role for newspapers in the next century? <v Ray Jenkins>Oh now, if we're thinking that far ahead, we have to think <v Ray Jenkins>at least <v Ray Jenkins>of-of the possibility that there will be-that <v Ray Jenkins>the printed and delivered newspaper will no longer exist. <v James I. Houck>I often ask people who talk about-who talk about the future of

<v James I. Houck>uh news being in the-in being electronic. <v James I. Houck>Uh have you ever sat there and tried to read the <v James I. Houck>stuff on-on a television <v James I. Houck>screen? Have you ever tried to read teletext? <v James I. Houck>The answer is you won't do it for very long. <v Gwinn Owens>I used to think that newspapers were in for a hard time. <v Gwinn Owens>What with the-the um competition from television and from radio <v Gwinn Owens>news. <v Gwinn Owens>Now I'm not sure most of the big newspapers in this country are growing <v Gwinn Owens>in circulation not shrinking, and small newspapers are doing very well. <v Lou Panos>Almost every major television anchor man has said at some time or other that <v Lou Panos>television would never, could never replace newspapers. <v Lou Panos>Not only because you can't wrap fish in a television set, but because you can't go back <v Lou Panos>over it. <v Peter Kumpa>I think we're going to be here for a long while to account because we offer

<v Peter Kumpa>you a permanent record, that mirror that we give you, we give you an image and <v Peter Kumpa>we produce it every day, and so you can have it. <v Gwinn Owens>There is also the fact that newspapers can go into every subject with so much <v Gwinn Owens>more depth. <v James I. Houck>Another asset that a newspaper has is that-is that-is that-is that the reader controls <v James I. Houck>its use. You can pick it up and read it whenever you want to and then put it <v James I. Houck>down, uh you're not dependent upon um <v James I. Houck>a television or radio schedule. <v James I. Houck>It's there whenever you want it. <v Reg Murphy>People feel passionately about whether the letter that they write to the editor gets <v Reg Murphy>printed. They feel passionately about whether the-the news that they <v Reg Murphy>know about gets covered. They care about whether the child that they send to <v Reg Murphy>high school who plays high school sports, gets some recognition. <v Reg Murphy>They care about whether or not the volunteer organization that they deal with has <v Reg Murphy>some involvement with their newspaper.

<v Wiley A. Hall, III>I had a journalism professor who once said that it should be the-the back slapper <v Wiley A. Hall, III>and the finger pointer that meaning that when something goes-goes <v Wiley A. Hall, III>well, we should be there to pat someone on the back, and when something goes wrong, we <v Wiley A. Hall, III>should be there to point the fingers. <v Louis Rukeyser>The newspapers was never supposed to be a poll of what people wanted to read the next <v Louis Rukeyser>day. It was supposed to be what people ought to read the next day. <v Louis Rukeyser>What was important to people? What was-what they had to know if they were going to be <v Louis Rukeyser>informed citizens. <v Rebecca E. Carroll>It seems as though people are being gradually brainwashed by what they hear via <v Rebecca E. Carroll>television instead of reading and delving into ideas and formulating <v Rebecca E. Carroll>their own opinions for themselves. <v Jim Bready>I cannot sit here in good conscience and tell you that the papers were <v Jim Bready>better in the old days, or that they are better nowadays. <v Jim Bready>It's simply uh a continuing process <v Jim Bready>of change with one fairly large uh area of change <v Jim Bready>within our own lifetimes, and uh since the change is still going

<v Jim Bready>on. Uh I can reasonably hope that papers <v Jim Bready>will become however good they are now, even better still. <v Jim Bready>The-the only way you'll know it; however, the only <v Jim Bready>way you'll be able to judge between then and what is to be <v Jim Bready>is by reading. <v Jim Bready>And uh I sit here and with all the earnestness I can convey, <v Jim Bready>I tell you that if you are not reading the daily <v Jim Bready>papers, you're a chump. <v Jim McKay>We've just shown you 150 years of a newspaper that many people for a very long time <v Jim McKay>have considered one of the best in the country. <v Jim McKay>I'm proud to have played a part, even though a very, very small one in the rich history <v Jim McKay>of the Baltimore Sun. I'm Jim McKay. <v Jim McKay>Good night. <v Maryland Public TV Speaker>The Baltimore Sun: 150 years has been a production of Maryland Public

<v Maryland Public TV Speaker>Television, which is solely responsible for its content.