New Mexico in Focus; 538; Kellogg/Women's History Month

PRODUCTION OF "NEW MEXICO INFOCUS" PROVIDED BY THE MCCUNE CHARITABLE FOUNDATION. >> THIS WEEK ON "NEW MEXICO INFOCUS," WOMEN'S HISTORY MONTH. TWO INTERVIEWS WITH LEADERS IN WOMEN'S HEALTH ISSUES AND A LOOK BACK AT DONA TERESA. >> WE HAVE HAD PROGRESS IN THE LAST FEW YEARS, SIGNIFICANT PROGRESS, AND I THINK WE SHOULD LOOK AT THAT AS WHAT HAS BEEN WORKING. >> A MULTI-MILLION DOLLAR COMMITMENT FROM A NATIONAL FOUNDATION TARGETING NEW MEXICO. WE'LL FIND OUT WHAT THEY HOPE TO ACCOMPLISH. "NEW MEXICO INFOCUS" STARTS NOW. >> MARCH IS WOMEN'S HISTORY MONTH AND WE HAVE GATHERED SOME OF OUR MOST IMPORTANT INTERVIEWS ON WOMEN'S ISSUES. GWYNETH DOLAND TALKS TO "OUR BODIES OURSELVES" CO-FOUNDER JUDY NORSIGIAN ABOUT THE LATEST EDITION OF THE GROUNDBREAKING WOMEN'S HEALTH BOOK. SHE ALSO SITS DOWN WITH SARAH BROWN OF THE NATIONAL CAMPAIGN TO PREVENT TEEN AND UNPLANNED PREGNANCY. A LOOK BACK AT SPANISH

INQUISITION AND ANOTHER IMPORTANT WOMAN, DONA TERESA, AS PART OF OUR MOMENTS IN TIME. >> SHE TALKS ABOUT THE SUPERSTITIONS BY WHICH PEOPLE LIVE THEIR LIVES AND THAT IS WHAT MAKES THEIR TESTIMONY SO IMPORTANT AND SO INTERESTING AS A SOCIAL HISTORY IN SANTA FE. >> WE BEGIN THOUGH WITH THE. W.K. KELLOGG FOUNDATION. MULTI-BILLION DOLLAR PHILANTHROPIC FUND TARGETED NEW MEXICO AS ONE OF THREE STATES WHERE IT WILL INVEST MILLIONS OVER THE COMING YEARS. NMIF PRODUCER MATT GRUBS NOW WITH THE FUND'S CEO AND NEW MEXICO PROGRAM OFFICER. >> W.K. KELLOGG FOUNDATION HAS COMMITTED MORE THAN HALF OF ITS DOMESTIC SPENDING TO THREE STATES; MICHIGAN, MISSISSIPPI AND NEW STERLING SPEIRN, YOU ARE THE PRESIDENT AND CEO OF THE FOUNDATION. I AM TEMPTED TO ASK, IS IT REALLY THAT BAD HERE? BUT, LET'S PHRASE IT DIFFERENTLY. >> ACTUALLY, THAT IS NOT HOW WE HAVE CHOSEN NEW MEXICO. IT IS REALLY THE OPPORTUNITY.

WE HAVE DONE A LOT OF GREAT WORK IN THE STATE OF NEW MEXICO OVER THE LAST COUPLE OF DECADES. AND WHEN WE DECIDED TO FOCUS SOME OF OUR EFFORTS, WE THOUGHT, WHERE HAVE WE DONE SOME GOOD WORK, WHERE WE'RE STARTING TO GET TO KNOW THE COMMUNITY, THE STATE IN THE HEALTH WORLD AND EDUCATION WORLD, IN THE COMMUNITY WORLD. SO IT WAS BASED ON WHERE HAVE WE DONE GOOD WORK WHERE WE COULD START TO RATCHET UP THE CONNECTION OF ALL THE WORK AND TAKE A LONG TIME HORIZON DOING IT. IT WASN'T A CALCULATION, OH, NEW MEXICO GETS 48TH OUT OF 50. IT WASN'T BASED ON THAT. IT WAS BASED ON WE HAD GREAT PARTNERS HERE. >> HOW LONG DOES IT TAKE TO BUILD THAT SORT OF SOCIAL CAPITAL, TO GET TO KNOW ALL THESE PEOPLE? >> IT IS ONGOING. AND I THINK THAT IS A QUESTION FOLKS IN NEW MEXICO OVERTIME. I THINK SOME INDICATORS THAT WE'RE BUILDING IS THAT PEOPLE ARE HONEST WITH US NOW AND BEGINNING TO SAY, THAT IS A BAD IDEA OR LET'S THINK ABOUT IT THIS WAY OR, YOU KNOW, WE DON'T WANT TO PLAY THAT WAY, PEOPLE TRIED THAT BEFORE AND WE USED TO PLAY NICE, BUT IF

YOU WANT TO FOCUS ON CHANGE, WE'LL TELL YOU THAT IS NOT HOW WE GO ABOUT DOING IT. THE ASSETS OF THE PREVIOUS WORK OF THE STATE, WE'RE BEGINNING TO REDEFINE MORE AND SAYING, WE HERE MORE OFTEN. WE'RE NOT HERE JUST FOR FIVE YEARS. WHO ARE THE PEOPLE THAT MOVE THINGS IN A COMMUNITY AND CAN YOU REALLY BE HONEST WITH US? WE'RE IN THIS TOGETHER. YOU HAVE ASSETS AND KNOWLEDGE AND WE HAVE RESOURCES AND NETWORKS BUT WE NEED TO WORK TOGETHER IF WE HAVE A CHANCE AT MAKING CHANGE HAPPEN. >> THERE IS A TENDENCY WHEN YOU'RE GIVING OUT GRANTS, FOR PEOPLE JUST TO SAY WHAT YOU WANT TO HEAR, BASICALLY, BECAUSE THEY THINK, WELL, HERE COMES THIS PERSON WITH THE MONEY, I DON'T KNOW HOW LONG IT IS HERE, I BETTER SAY THE RIGHT THING. >> ABSOLUTELY. I MEAN, YOU KNOW, IT IS HARD TO GET HONEST CRITICISM. IT IS HARD TO HAVE AN AUTHENTIC CONVERSATION AND MOST PEOPLE APPROACH A SEVEN BILLION DOLLAR FOUNDATION, PSYCHICALLY, ON BENDED KNEE. YOU HAVE SOME RESOURCES. I WANT IT, WHATEVER YOU SAY, I'LL DO IT, AND TRY TO MAKE IT DO SOME GOOD BASED ON WHAT I REALLY WANT TO DO. SO WE WANT TO TALK ABOUT -- CHANGING THE WORLD IS HARD. AND, REVERSING TRENDS THAT HAVE BEEN DECADES OR CENTURIES IN MAKING, SO IF YOU CAN'T HAVE AN AUTHENTIC, HONEST

RELATIONSHIP FOR STARTERS, YOU'LL BE LIKE ANY OTHER OUT-OF-TOWN FOUNDATION, THEY CAME FOR A WHILE, MEANT TO DO GOOD AND THEN THEY LEFT. AND WE SEE IT IN THE LEGACIES OF OUR SPARK WORK AND THERE ARE LOTS OF GREAT LEGACIES. THE GREAT THING IS NOW WE GET TO ACTUALLY HARVEST THOSE ASSETS AND TURN THEM TO FUTURE ORIENTED WORK. >> YOU SAID A FEW YEARS AGO, YOU KIND OF CHANGED THE PARADIGM A LITTLE BIT ABOUT HOW YOU LOOK AT PRESENTING GRANTS AND MAKING AN INVESTMENT THIS LARGE. EXPLAIN TO ME WHAT YOU MEANT. >> WE WERE, LIKE MANY AND ORGANIZED MUCH LIKE A UNIVERSITY. WE HAD OUR FOOD SYSTEMS AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT TEAM, HEALTH TEAM, AND OUR EDUCATION TEAM AND WE ALSO HAD REAL EMPHASIS IN VOLUNTEERISM AND PHILANTHROPY. AND GREAT WE HAD GREAT PROJECTS IN NEW MEXICO IN EVERY ONE OF THOSE DIVISIONS BUT THOSE PROGRAM OFFICERS NEVER TALKED TO ONE ANOTHER AND COMPARED NOTES. IF WE WERE DOING SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE IN ESPANOLA, THEY WOULDN'T KNOW ABOUT THE SCHOOL BASED HEALTH CLINIC IN ACOMA.

SO, HEY, THAT IS FINE. WE SAID, WAIT A MINUTE, IF YOU'RE GOING TO MAKE REAL CHANGE, THE PEOPLE WE WORK WITH DON'T LIVE IN THOSE INDIVIDUALS FAMILIES. IT IS HEALTH IN THE MORNING AND EDUCATION IN THE AFTERNOON AND FAMILY ECONOMIC SECURITY, SO, JUST CONNECTING OUR CORE COMPETENCIES, WE DIDN'T HAVE TO DEVELOP ANY OTHER COMPETENCIES. WE JUST HAD TO SAY, WE'RE GOING TO DO IT IN A DIFFERENT WAY. WE'RE ALWAYS GOING TO BE CONNECTED. AND THAT IS A CHALLENGE BECAUSE ALSO THE PEOPLE WE WORK WITH, THEY HAVE A SPECIALTY TOO. THEY DO ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT. THEY ARE A K12 SCHOOL DISTRICT. BUT, YOU KNOW, AGAIN, THE PEOPLE AND FAMILIES AND KIDS THAT GO THERE, DON'T SHOW UP WITH JUST ONE, I AM HERE TO BE EDUCATED, YEAH, BUT DAD NEEDS A NEW JOB AND OUR HOUSE IS SORT OF -- THEY COME FULLY LOADED TOO. SO KARA JUST CONVENED ALL THE PARTNERS WE'RE WORKING WITH IN NEW MEXICO, THEY GOT TO LOOK AROUND AND SEE, YEAH, I HAVE HEARD OF THOSE FOLKS. THEY MIGHT EVEN BE WORKING IN AN AREA NEAR ME, BUT I DON'T HAVE THE TIME TO WORK WITH THEM. WE'RE TRYING TO BE A CONNECTOR. >> HE WAS MENTIONING THE CORE COMPETENCIES AND HEALTHY KIDS, EDUCATED KIDS AND SECURE FAMILIES. WHY THAT FOCUS? WHY DOES THAT GIVE YOU MOST IMPACT?

AND STERLING WAS TALKING ABOUT THIS ALREADY, FAMILIES LIVE IN AN INTEGRATED WAY. IT IS SYSTEMS AND INSTITUTIONS THAT DECIDE IT IS MORE CONVENIENT FOR US TO TOGGLE THEM OUT. YOU NEED TO GO HERE FOR YOUR BANKING, HERE FOR YOUR EDUCATION AND HERE FOR YOUR DOCTOR. THAT IS NOT HOW A CHILD EXPERIENCES LIFE. OUR FOCUS IS ON VULNERABLE CHILDREN. WE THINK HOW CAN WE BEGIN TO LOOK AT THE NEEDS OF A CHILD AND THE MATRIX OF THINGS THAT A CHILD PRESENTS TO YOU; THE SOCIAL EMOTIONAL ENVIRONMENT, THEIR DOCTOR, RIGHT? THERE DOCTOR ISN'T TALKING TO THE EARLY CHILDHOOD PROVIDER. HE IS NOT TALKING TO THE HEAD START PROVIDER OR TALKING TO THE K THROUGH 12. WE'RE FOCUSED ON THE CHILD AND THEIR DEVELOPMENT AND THEIR SUCCESS, WE HAVE GOT TO SAY, WHAT DO WE NEED TO LOOK AT AS A SYSTEM AND BEGIN TO WEAVE THOSE TOGETHER AND INCENTIVIZE VERSUS COMPETITION, WHICH IS REALLY THE NEW FRAMEWORK OF GOVERNMENT PROGRAMS OR FUNDING. WE'RE TRYING TO THINK WHAT DOES THE CHILD NEED AND WHAT DOES THE FAMILY NEED, AND THESE ARE, WE THINK, THE CATALYTIC LEVERS THAT WILL HELP CHILDREN, ULTIMATELY

BREAK OUT OF POVERTY, HAVE A QUALITY OF LIFE, HAVE HOPE, YOU KNOW, AND FEEL LOVED AND FEEL HAPPY IN THE WORLD. >> I GET TO MAKE THAT HARVEST THAT STERLING WAS TALKING ABOUT. THERE IS A LOT OF CRITICISM LEVELED AT ESPECIALLY BIG ORGANIZATION WHEN THEY SAY, OH, THEY CAME IN, THEY THREW SO MUCH MONEY AT IT, BUT WE NEVER REALLY HAD AN IDEA OF WHAT WE AS FOUR DIFFERENT COMMUNITY ORGANIZATIONS, WHAT TARGET WE WERE TRYING TO HIT. >> THE TIME HORIZON NOT SPECIFYING WE'RE GOING TO BE HERE FOR 10 YEARS OR 20 YEARS, WE HAVE USED TERMS LIKE WE'LL BE HERE FOR GENERATIONS. ONE OF THE GOALS IS EVERY FIVE YEAR OLD WALKING INTO KINDERGARTEN, READY TO LEARN; EVERY THIRD GRADER ON GRADE LEVEL, NOT ONLY IN MATH AND LITERACY, BUT FEELING LIKE, I AM SUCCESSFUL. I AM GOOD AT THIS, I LOVE SCHOOL. SAME THING, AND I AM HEALTHY. >> SO, LIKE, WELL HOW LONG WILL IT TAKE? WE'LL LEAVE NEW MEXICO WHEN ALL THE THIRD GRADERS ON GRADE LEVEL OR WE REMARKABLY SAID, WOW. SO, WELL, SO, THAT IS INDEFINITELY, AGAIN, WELL, ALSO AS YOU SAID, HALF OF OUR

ANNUAL GRANT MAKING -- UP TO 2/3 OF OUR ANNUAL GRANT MAKING WOULD BE COMMITTED TO OUR PRIORITY PLACES SO THERE IS NO CEILING ON OUR BUDGET COMMITMENT TO NEW MEXICO RIGHT NOW. IT IS SORT OF GAUGED TO, WHAT ARE THE OPPORTUNITIES KARA AND HER TEAMMATES ARE FINDING AND DISCOVERING, BECAUSE WE CAN'T THROW MONEY AT NEW MEXICO. WE HAVE TO FIND OUT, WAIT, WHO IS DOING REALLY GOOD WORK OR WOW, THERE IS AN OPPORTUNITY IN BARELAS. OH, OKAY, LET'S DO THAT NEXT. WE DON'T HAVE A MASTER PLAN. WE HAVE A LOT OF GREAT IDEAS, AND THE COMMUNITY COMES AT US WITH A LOT OF GOOD IDEAS. >> KARA, A LOCAL ISSUE, THAT REALLY DOVETAILS WITH SORT OF HOW THE KELLOGG FOUNDATION OPERATES, IS THAT WE HAVE GOT THIS LAND GRANT PERMANENT FUND AND THERE IS A GROUP THAT WANTS TO TAKE A LARGER CHUNK OUT OF IT AND PLACE IT TOWARD EARLY CHILDHOOD EDUCATION. IT IS, YOU KNOW, IT WOULD BE A SIMILAR -- SOMETHING SIMILAR TO WHAT YOU DO. WE DON'T WANT TO DEPLETE THE FUND THAT WE DON'T HAVE AS MUCH MONEY TO GIVE OUT BUT IF THERE ARE REAL NEEDS, YOU HAVE TO SEE THOSE AND ADDRESS

THOSE. AT THE KELLOGG FOUNDATION, DO YOU GET INVOLVED IN THE STATE POLITICS AT THAT LEVEL OR JUST KIND OF DO YOUR OWN THING? >> SO, THIS IS AN INTERESTING QUESTION. WE WERE TALKING ABOUT THAT ACTUALLY ON OUR WAY IN. WE HAVE BEEN FUNDING ANYTHING THAT WE THINK WILL CREATE IMPACT FOR VULNERABLE CHILDREN. SO, MANY OF THE FOLKS WHO ARE INVOLVED IN A VARIETY OF WAYS WITH THAT ISSUE, WE'RE PARTNERING WITH, BECAUSE BUSINESS, WE WANT TO ENGAGE BUSINESS. HOW DO YOU THINK ABOUT EARLY CHILDHOOD AND ITS CONNECTION TO A READY WORKFORCE? WE'RE ALSO INTERESTED IN, WE KNOW THE PLAYERS, SO TO ANSWER YOUR QUESTION DIRECTLY, ABSOLUTELY, WE'RE IN THOSE CONVERSATIONS AND WE SEE OURSELVES NOT TAKING SIDES, AGAIN, TRYING TO SUPPORT ANYTHING THAT WILL HELP ADVANCE THE MOST VULNERABLE CHILDREN AND AT THAT POINT, THE FUNDING RELATIONSHIP, WE TAKE A STEP BACK AND SAY THIS IS YOUR COMMUNITY, THIS IS WHAT YOU ALL ARE PUSHING. YOU HAVE TO WORK THIS OUT YOURSELVES AND BEGIN TO DISCUSS THESE KEY ELEMENTS. YOU CERTAINLY KNOW ABOUT HOW PEOPLE LOOK AT THAT. WE AREN'T THE EXPERT. NEW MEXICANS ARE THE EXPERT. WHAT WE DO IS BRING IN

RESOURCES AND SAY THIS IS WHAT IS HAPPENING IN MIAMI AND THIS IS WHAT HAPPENED IN PENNSYLVANIA. THESE ARE RESOURCES WE HAVE SEEN FROM A POLICY LEVEL AND WE SEE OURSELVES AS SOMEBODY WHOSE, AGAIN, EYE IS ON THE GOAL, HELP TO FACILITATE THAT IN THE WAY WE CAN AND SUPPORT A GOAL, BUT CERTAINLY, THAT IS SOMETHING FOR NEW MEXICANS FOR THEMSELVES TO DECIDE. >> THAT MUCH MONEY HAS A POTENTIAL TO GET PRETTY MESSY. >> IT DISTORTS THINGS AND WE HAVE TO BE CAREFUL THAT, BOY, WE SUPPORTED THIS GROUP, THEY WORK, AND THEN SOMEONE ELSE PERCEIVES, OH, THEY ARE THE ANOINTED ONES NOW BECAUSE THE KELLOGG FOUNDATION GAVE THEM A GRANT. WE'RE HERE LONG-TERM AND AS KARA SAID, SOME PEOPLE ARE SAYING, WHY ARE YOU FUNDING PEOPLE ON OPPOSITE SIDES OF THIS ISSUE? I SAID THAT IS A GOOD THING. ONE, WE DON'T IDENTIFY PEOPLE AS BEING ON WHICH SIDE OF AN ISSUE. BUT, WE WANT TO SUPPORT PEOPLE COMING TOGETHER AND STRUGGLING WITH BIG PUBLIC ISSUES AND LOOK AT IT TOGETHER. IF ANYONE EVER DECIDES GEE WE OUGHT TO TAKE MONEY OUT OF THE

PERMANENT FUND, IT WOULD ONLY BE BECAUSE SOME INCREDIBLE COMMON GROUND GROUP OF NEW MEXICANS SAID, YEAH, WE GET IT. IT COULDN'T BE ONE INTEREST SAID, WE THINK IT IS GOOD FOR OUR CAUSE. >> IN A STATE LIKE NEW MEXICO, YOU HAVE -- IT IS A MAJORITY-MINORITY STATE AND YOU HAVE A LARGE NATIVE POPULATION, LARGE HISPANIC POPULATION, A LOT OF THE FOCUS THAT I READ ABOUT WITH THE KELLOGG FOUNDATION IS ON RACIAL EQUITY. HOW DO YOU ADDRESS THAT WHEN YOU HAVE SUCH A LARGE MINORITY POPULATION? >> WE THINK THE ISSUE OF SOCIAL INCLUSION, THAT IS ONE THING THAT ALSO MADE NEW MEXICO VERY INTERESTING, AS YOU SAID -- MAJORITY, MINORITY, SOUTHWEST, LARGE TRIBAL, HISPANIC, WOW. WHEN WE WORK IN MISSISSIPPI, THE DEMOGRAPHIC IS ENTIRELY DIFFERENT. SO THE FACT THAT WE'RE IN THE SOUTHWEST, WE'RE IN THE DEEP SOUTH AND IN OUR HOME STATE OF MICHIGAN AND THE CITY OF NEW ORLEANS, WHOA, WE ARE GOING TO LEARN SO MUCH. ETHNIC AND RACIAL AND DEMOGRAPHIC DYNAMIC IN NEW MEXICO, I THINK, IS UNIQUE IN THE U.S. AND WE CAN LEARN A

LOT HERE BECAUSE OF THE UNIQUE DYNAMICS OF THIS STATE. AND, SO, WE JUST SAID, WOW, THIS IS A GREAT PLACE TO APPLY OUR RACIAL EQUITY LENS AND OUR LENS OF COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT. HOW DO YOU GET MORE AND MORE PEOPLE INVOLVED ACROSS RACIAL AND ETHNIC LINES, EVEN TALK ABOUT THE LINES. >> ONE OF THE PHRASES I SAW ON THE WEBSITE IS STRUCTURAL RACISM. WHAT DOES THAT MEAN? >> WE THINK, AND THIS REALLY COMES OUT OF OUR COMMITMENT TO VULNERABLE KIDS. POVERTY IS THE FIRST INDICATOR OF WHAT MAKES KIDS VULNERABLE AND THEN RACIAL BARRIERS, OBSTACLES OF OPPORTUNITIES. WE THINK THERE IS IN OUR COUNTRY A CLEAR LEGACY OF DISCRIMINATION THAT IS PALPABLE TODAY. THE LEGACY, IF YOU MISSED OUT OF BUYING A HOME AFTER WORLD WAR II BECAUSE THE GI BILL WASN'T EQUALLY AVAILABLE OR I HAD THE GI BILL BUT I WAS A VETERAN OF COLOR AND I COULDN'T BUY HOUSES IN THE NEIGHBORHOOD WHERE NOW THE HOUSE IS WORTH TWICE AS MUCH. THAT IS A STRUCTURAL RACIST LEGACY. I CAN'T BORROW AGAINST MY HOME

-- BUT I CAN'T SEND MY KID ON THE EQUITY OF MY HOUSE BECAUSE I NEVER HAD THAT. SO, SAY, OKAY, HOW DO YOU SHIFT THAT AND SAY, WE WANT OUR KIDS TO BE SUCCESSFUL. I MEAN, NEW MEXICO'S KIDS ARE LARGELY KIDS OF COLOR RIGHT NOW AND THEY ARE THE FUTURE OF THIS STATE. SO, YOU WANT TO SAY, HEY, REGARDLESS OF WHERE YOU COME FROM, WE WANT YOU TO BE A LEADER AND HELP THIS STATE MOVE AHEAD. >> AS YOU SET GOALS FOR YOURSELF FOR THE NEXT YEAR, FOR THE NEXT FIVE YEARS, WHAT WOULD YOU LIKE TO SEE? WHAT WOULD YOU LIKE TO HANG YOUR HAT ON? >> YOU KNOW, I THINK ONE OF THE THINGS GOES BACK TO INITIAL QUESTION AROUND HOW DO YOU GET TO KNOW WHAT IS GOING ON FROM A 10,000 FOOT LEVEL, AND WE ARE AWARE OF THE PHENOMENA OF OUTSIDER COMING INTO THE STATE, HISTORICALLY, AND, OF COURSE, THE RACIAL TENSIONS THAT CONTINUE TO PLAY OUT IN LEGISLATION AND IN NEIGHBORHOODS AND COMMUNITIES.

WE WOULD LIKE TO HAVE GAINED THE TRUST OF COMMUNITIES SO THAT WE CAN BEGIN TO ASK DIFFERENT QUESTIONS. WHY HAVE STATISTICS BEEN THIS WAY FOR SO LONG? WHY HAS NATIVE EDUCATION BEEN THIS WAY? WHY HAVE HISPANIC CHILDREN'S EDUCATION BEEN THIS WAY? THE NATIVE PEOPLE OF THE STATE HAVE REALLY TAUGHT ME A LOT AND THE FOUNDATION A LOT ABOUT THIS IS YOUR DEFINITION OF SUCCESS AND THIS IS DEFINITION OF WHAT WEALTH MEANS AND FINANCIAL SECURITY. THAT IS NOT OUR DEFINITION. DON'T IMPOSE THAT ON US AND LET'S HELP CO-CREATE WHAT WE THINK EDUCATION SHOULD BE IN THE STATES AND WE SEE THIS IN THE NATIVE AMERICAN COMMUNITY ACADEMY, IT IS A CHARTER SCHOOL HERE IN ALBUQUERQUE, IT IS ROOTED IN NATIVE VALUES NATIVE LANGUAGE, AND THEY HAVE PERFORMED BETTER ACROSS APS THAN ANY OTHER NATIVE POPULATION. SO IF YOU LOOK AT STATISTICS ALREADY, THEY HAVE BEEN AROUND FOR FOUR-AND-A-HALF YEARS. THAT IS A MODEL WE WOULD LIKE TO SEE REPLICATED ACROSS NATIVE COMMUNITIES ALONG THE PUEBLOS, UP IN THE NORTHWEST, FOR NATIVES TO BEGIN TO SAY WE CAN MEET THE REQUIREMENTS THAT THE STATE HAS PROVIDED AND WE CAN MEET THE STANDARDS AND EXCEED THEM AND WE'RE GOING TO ADD THIS MUCH MORE.

>> OUR MISSION STATEMENT, MATT, IS WE WANT TO CREATE THE CONDITIONS OF SUCCESS FOR VULNERABLE KIDS AND THOSE CONDITIONS DON'T TARGET VULNERABLE KIDS, YOU KNOW, IF A SCHOOL GETS MORE CONNECTED TO ITS COMMUNITY, ALL THE KIDS IN THAT SCHOOL ARE GETTING TO BENEFIT. WE DO SEE THAT SPILL-OVER AND ALSO AS YOU SAID, WE HAVE GOT TARGET COMMUNITIES IN THE STATE, BUT WE'RE OPEN. THAT DOESN'T EXCLUDE SOME INNOVATIVE PROJECT IN A NON-ANCHOR COMMUNITY. THAT IS COOL, THAT IS HAPPENING SOMEWHERE ELSE IN HOBBS OR ESPANOLA. THE NICE THING IS THERE MIGHT BE ANOTHER INNOVATIVE THING HAPPENING IN THE STATE AND BECAUSE WE'RE NOT ALL OVER THE U.S. THE WHOLE TIME, OH, LET'S LOOK FOR MORE INNOVATION AND CONNECTIONS BECAUSE PEOPLE ARE COMING TOGETHER FROM THIS BIG STATE CALLED NEW MEXICO, BUT THE SPARK STARTS TO FLY WHEN THEY GO, WOW, YOU KNOW, I KNOW KARA IS HELPING INTRODUCE PEOPLE THAT HAVE HEARD OF EACH OTHER IN LAS CRUCES AND ALBUQUERQUE, AND WE KNOW IT IS HOURS AWAY AND TIME IS SHORT. WE EXCITED TO BE THE GLUE FACTOR AS WELL. >> STERLING, KARA, THANK YOU SO MUCH.

>> DONA TERESA SPENT ABOUT 20 MONTHS IN JAIL AND THE FINAL RESOLUTION IS THAT THE INQUISITION DOESN'T SO MUCH DROP THE CHARGES, THEY DISMISSED THE CHARGES. >> I THINK BY THIS TIME, THE IDEA OF THE INQUISITION, GOING AFTER PEOPLE FOR PRACTICING CRYPTO-JUDAISM HAD BEGUN TO FADE. >> IN 1971, THE FIRST EDITION OF "OUR BODIES OURSELVES" SOLD A QUARTER MILLION COPIES. THE BOOK BY WOMEN, FOR WOMEN, CELEBRATED ITS 40TH ANNIVERSARY LAST YEAR BY RELEASING AN UPDATED EDITION. GWYNETH DOLAND SPOKE TO CO-FOUNDER OF "OUR BODIES OURSELVES" ABOUT THE BOOK FOR MANY HAS BECOME A RIGHT OF PASSAGE. >> THIS WAS A PRETTY RADICAL BOOK BACK WHEN IT CAME OUT 40 YEARS AGO. IT WAS AN INCREDIBLE COMPENDIUM OF INFORMATION THAT WAS SIMPLY NOT AVAILABLE ANYWHERE ELSE ON THE TOPIC OF

WOMEN'S SEXUALITY AND REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH. PEOPLE JUST HAD NO WAY TO GET THAT INFORMATION. HOW DID THE RELEASE OF THIS BOOK CHANGE THINGS AT THE TIME? >> WELL, IT HAPPENED OVER A PERIOD OF YEARS. BACK IN THE LATE 60'S THAT SORT OF RESURGENCE OF THE WOMEN'S MOVEMENT, THERE WERE WOMEN'S LIBERATION CONFERENCES AT ONE IN BOSTON. A GROUP OF WOMEN CONTINUED TO MEET AFTER A WORKSHOP AND WERE SO STRUCK ABOUT HOW IGNORANT THEY WERE ABOUT THEIR BODY. THESE WERE COLLEGE EDUCATED WOMEN AND THERE WERE NO BOOKS AND THERE WAS NO SOURCE OF INFORMATION OF THIS SORT. IF YOU ASKED A QUESTION OF YOUR DOCTOR, MOST OF THE TIME YOU WOULD BE TOLD NOT TO BOTHER OR WORRY YOUR LITTLE HEAD AND THAT KIND OF THING AND THERE WAS A LOT OF CONDESCENSION AND PATERNALISM AND SEXISM. WOMEN DECIDED TO EMBARK ON SELF EDUCATION. INITIALLY IT WASN'T AN IDEA THAT THERE WOULD BE A BOOK. THEY WROTE PAPERS; EXCHANGED INFORMATION AND PUT THEM TOGETHER IN A MIMEOGRAPHED BOOKLET PUT OUT BY THE NEW ENGLAND FREE PRESS AND THAT

LITTLE BOOKLET WAS USED IN COMMUNITIES ACROSS THE COUNTRY. FREE PRESS SOLD 250,000 COPIES, WHICH IS WHY THE COMMERCIAL PUBLISHERS GOT NEVER INTERESTED AND IN 1973 SIMON AND SCHUSTER CAME OUT WITH FIRST COMMERCIAL EDITION. FROM THE BEGINNING WE WORKED OUT AN ARRANGEMENT WITH SIMON AND SCHUSTER WHEREBY NONPROFIT CLINICS AND ORGANIZATIONS THAT DID HEALTH COUNSELING COULD GET A 70% DISCOUNT ON THE BOOK TO MAKE SURE THAT LOW INCOME WOMEN COULD HAVE ACCESS AND IN THOSE DAYS, THE FIRST EDITION IN 1973, WHEN THIS WAS PUBLISHED, WAS $2.95. SO 70% DISCOUNT WAS A LOT. NOW, OF COURSE, THE BOOK IS $26 AND MORE THAN 900 PAGES. IT GREW. EVERY SINGLE EDITION GREW IN LENGTH PARTLY BECAUSE WE ADDED TOPICS. ALTHOUGH I HAVE TO SAY IN THE LAST EDITION WE RETURNED TO A FOCUS ON SEXUAL AND REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH ACROSS THE LIFE SPAN. YOU WILL NOT SEE THE CONTENT ON HEART DISEASE YOU SAW IN THE 2005 EDITION, BUT YOU SEE MUCH MORE CONTENT RELATED TO SEXUAL AND REPRODUCTIVE

HEALTH. YOU'LL SEE MANY MORE WOMEN'S EXPERIENCES, NEW CHAPTERS ON THINGS LIKE SEXUAL ORIENTATION AND GENDER IDENTITY. THESE ARE KIND OF THINGS THAT HAVE EMERGED AROUND WHICH WE HAVE MORE IN-DEPTH CONVERSATION GOING. BUT BACK THEN, YOU HAVE TO REMEMBER, WE WERE REALLY TOTALLY IGNORANT, WE HAD NO IDEA ABOUT MOST OF THE ISSUES THAT WE WERE ABOUT TO LEARN A GREAT DEAL. >> YOU KNOW, THE BOOK EMERGED FROM THE FEMINIST MOVEMENT. WAS THERE BACKLASH FROM CONSERVATIVES AT THE TIME ABOUT THIS INFORMATION BEING PUT OUT THIS WAY? >> THERE WAS SOME BACKLASH. IN THE BEGINNING, I THINK IT WAS PHYSICIANS THAT WERE TAKEN ABACK. BUT IT TOOK NOT VERY LONG BEFORE PHYSICIANS SAW THIS WAS A GOOD THING. IF WOMEN GOT BETTER EDUCATED THEY COULD BE PARTNERS IN THE WHOLE PROCESS OF GETTING GOOD HEALTH AND MEDICAL CARE, THEY WOULD BE BETTER INFORMED. PHYSICIANS THEMSELVES BEGAN TO REALIZE THEY DID A LOT OF THINGS THAT HAD NO GOOD BASIS IN EVIDENCE. ROUTINE EPISIOTOMIES DURING

CHILDBIRTH, ROUTINE HYSTERECTOMIES WITH NO GOOD REASON. A LOT OF THIS, OF COURSE, WE STUDIED AND CHANGED THE PRACTICE BUT IN THOSE DAYS THERE WASN'T AN AWARENESS EITHER ON THE PART OF THE PHYSICIANS NOR ON THE PART OF THE GENERAL PUBLIC THAT MUCH OF WHAT WAS DONE IN OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY HAD NO GOOD EVIDENCE BASIS. THAT HAS CHANGED A LOT OVER THE YEARS. OF COURSE, WE HAVE ROOM FOR IMPROVEMENT THERE. BUT THAT WAS ONE OF THE THINGS THAT THE BOOK AND THEN WOMEN'S HEALTH TRIED TO CHANGE. WE ALSO REALLY MADE IT CLEAR THAT WOMEN HAD TO BE MUCH MORE ASSERTIVE ABOUT THE KIND OF HEALTHCARE THAT THEY WANTED AND EDUCATE THEMSELVES, SPEAK WITH THEIR PARTNER, SPEAK WITH THEIR PHYSICIANS. AND THINK ABOUT ALTERNATIVES AS WELL. WHAT WAS NECESSARILY DONE FOR 50 YEARS WAS NOT THE RIGHT THING TO BE DOING FROM HERE ON IN. >> YOU KNOW, BACK THEN IT IS KIND OF HARD TO IMAGINE, THERE BEING A PROBLEM ACCESSING INFORMATION. BECAUSE, WE LIVE NOW IN THIS TIME OF SUCH AN INFORMATION OVERLOAD AND WE GOOGLE THINGS ON BLUE TOOTH IN THE CAR, ON

THE PHONE, YOU KNOW, WE GET INFORMATION EVERYWHERE, ALL THE TIME. WHY IS IT STILL IMPORTANT TO HAVE A PHYSICAL BOOK WITH THIS STUFF IN IT? WHETHER IT IS A PHYSICAL BOOK OR COMPENDIUM ONLINE AND WE DO PUT 10 OR 15% OF THE BOOK ON LINE ALL THE TIME. THE ISSUE IS, IS THE INFORMATION RELIABLE AND TRUSTWORTHY. BACK THEN THERE WAS NOTHING SO WE CAME ALONG, AND I WOULD SAY AS I LOOK BACK AT THE VERY EARLY EDITIONS OF THE BOOK, WE OFFERED THE BEST AVAILABLE INFORMATION WE HAD. RECOGNIZING A LOT OF IT WASN'T IDEAL. OVER THE YEARS, WE HAVE COLLECTED MORE DATA. WE HAVE MORE INFORMATION. NOW WE ARE IN A SEA OF INFORMATION OVERLOAD. BUT, A LOT OF IT IS INACCURATE, MISLEADING, AND, IT HAS LED TO A WHOLE GENERATION, ESPECIALLY OF YOUNGER WOMEN, WHO THINK THEY ARE WELL INFORMED WHEN THEY ARE NOT. IN THE OLD DAYS, WE KNEW WE DIDN'T KNOW ANYTHING, THERE WAS NOTHING TO KNOW. NOW, I THINK A LOT OF YOUNGER WOMEN WHO THINK THEY KNOW THE ABC'S OF EVERYTHING FROM HPV

INFECTION TO CONTRACEPTION TO ABORTION, TO CHILDBIRTH AND PREGNANCY, TO WHAT IT MEANS TO HAVE A MIDWIFE, THERE ARE SO MANY YOUNGER WOMEN WHO ARE NOT WELL INFORMED ABOUT THESE ISSUES AND THAT IS WHY WE NEED A BOOK LIKE "OUR BODIES OURSELVES." >> WE HAVE GREATER QUANTITY BUT NOT NECESSARILY GREATER QUALITY. >> EXACTLY. >> SPEAKING OF YOUNGER WOMEN, I WAS TALKING TO MY MOM EARLIER TODAY ABOUT THIS BOOK, WHICH I THINK SHE BOUGHT ONE OF THE EARLY EDITIONS ADDITIONS AND I DISCOVERED IT AS A KID ON THE BOOK SHELF RIGHT ABOUT THREE FEET OFF THE GROUND, RIGHT NEXT TO THE SOFA, IN THE DEN. I THINK SHE PUT IT THERE, SO SHE COULD HEAD OFF SOME OF THE QUESTIONS SHE KNEW MIGHT BE COMING. DOES THE BOOK PLAY A ROLE IN FAMILIES TO HELP WITH CONVERSATIONS BETWEEN PARENTS AND KIDS? >> ABSOLUTELY. I CAN'T TELL YOU HOW MANY WOMEN PUT THE BOOK ON THE COFFEE TABLE AND YOUNG MEN AND YOUNG WOMEN WOULD OPEN IT. THERE WOULD BE A LOT OF GIGGLING BECAUSE OF THE PICTURES, BUT YOU LEARN A LOT AS WELL. AND MANY, MANY CHURCH GROUPS

THAT ARE NOT CONSTRAINED BY THE VERY PURITANICAL ATTITUDES HAVE USED IT AS TEXTBOOK. IT HAS BEEN USED BY UNITARIANS IN SOME OF THEIR COURSE WORK. THE BOOK IS USED IN SEXUALITY EDUCATION PROGRAMS, WHEN THEY ARE AVAILABLE. MOST SCHOOLS IN MOST COMMUNITIES IN THE COUNTRY DON'T HAVE WHAT WE WOULD CALL DECENT SEXUALITY EDUCATION. IT IS NOT IN THE CASE IN EUROPE. THEY HAVE MUCH BETTER HUMAN SEXUALITY EDUCATION. WE RAISE GENERATIONS OF YOUNG PEOPLE WHO ARE MISINFORMED, POORLY INFORMED ABOUT THE BASICS OF PHYSIOLOGY, ANATOMY, HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS AND IT ISN'T JUST THE PLUMBING, IT IS ALSO HOW YOU GET MUTUALLY RESPECTFUL RELATIONSHIPS AND I THINK THE CHALLENGE IS GREATER THAN EVER. WE SEE SO MANY MISOGYNISTIC MESSAGES IN THE MEDIA RIGHT NOW. WE SEE THE CONFLATION OF SEX AND VIOLENCE. WE SEE THE TYPE OF SEXUALIZATION OF VERY YOUNG GIRLS. IT IS PROBABLY WORSE THAN IT HAS EVER BEEN. HOW DO WE RESPOND TO THAT AND HOW DO WE HELP OUR FIVE, SIX, SEVEN YEAR OLD DAUGHTERS UNDERSTAND THAT ALL THIS

IMAGERY IS NOT THE ONLY THING OUT THERE THEY NEED TO THINK ABOUT? WE DON'T WANT A WHOLE GENERATION OF YOUNG GIRLS THINKING OF THEMSELVES JUST AS SEX OBJECTS. WE WANT THEM TO BE ATTRACTIVE WHETHER IT IS TO THE SAME SEX OR OPPOSITE SEX, OR THINKING OF BEING TRANSGENDERED, THERE ARE A LOT OF THINGS TO THINK ABOUT, BUT THE IMPORTANT THING IS THAT WE BE RESPECTFUL AND UNDERSTAND AS MUCH AS WE CAN THE DIFFERENT CHOICES THAT WE HAVE GOT. AND THESE ARE ALL LEGITIMATE CHOICES AND THAT WE TREAT PEOPLE WITH RESPECT AND LOVE AND THE KIND OF COMPASSION THAT WE ALL DESERVE AND THIS IS HARD TO DO IN A CLIMATE WHERE YOU SEE A LOT OF THESE VERY UGLY AND VIOLENT MESSAGES. >> I REMEMBER, YOU KNOW, THAT THE BOOK ANSWERED A LOT OF MY QUESTIONS AND SOME I DIDN'T KNOW I HAD. I KNOW THERE IS A BOOK NOW THAT IS JUST FOR TEENS. HOW IS THAT DIFFERENT? >> THERE ARE A NUMBER OF BOOKS. WE HAD A BOOK OUT THAT ONE OF OUR MEMBERS, RUTH BELL, DID WITH COLLEAGUES CALLED "CHANGING BODIES, CHANGING LIVES."

IT IS STILL AVAILABLE BUT SOME OF THE MEDICAL INFORMATION IS QUITE OUT OF DATE. BUT OTHER INFORMATION IS QUITE GOOD. BUT THERE ARE BOOKS BY ROBIE HARRIS, FOR 5 TO 7 YEAR OLDS, 7 TO 9 YEAR OLDS, 9 TO 11 YEAR OLDS. SHE HAS A WONDERFUL BOOK CALLED "IT'S PERFECTLY NORMAL." TO GET AT SOME OF THE ISSUES IN A MUCH MORE ACCEPTABLE FASHION FOR YOUNGER PEOPLE. HEATHER CORINNA HAD SOME WONDERFUL WORK. "PSYCHO SAVVY" BY TONI WESCHLER. THERE ARE SOME REALLY GOOD BOOKS OUT THERE NOW THAT TRY TO REACH YOUNG WOMEN OR YOUNG WOMEN AND MEN ABOUT MANY OF THESE ISSUES. I ALSO THINK THE UNITARIAN UNIVERSAL OF CURRICULUM CALLED "OWL; OUR WHOLE LIVES" IS ONE OF THE BEST HUMAN SEXUALITY CURRICULUMS I HAVE SEEN. SO THAT IS WORTH GETTING AHOLD OF, EVEN IF YOU'RE NOT IN THE UNITARIAN CHURCH. YOU CAN USE IT WHERE YOU HAVE A GROUP OF PARENTS OR A COMMUNITY GROUP OR "Y" THAT WANTS TO INTRODUCE THIS KIND OF EDUCATION. IT IS GOOD FOR PARENTS TOO, NOT JUST FOR KIDS. THERE ARE A LOT OF THINGS WE DON'T LEARN GROWING UP THAT WE LEARN LATER IN OUR LIVES. >> THIS INFORMATION DOES GO OUT OF DATE SO QUICKLY.

I MEAN, OUR BODIES DON'T CHANGE THAT MUCH, BUT WHAT ARE SOME OF THE BIGGEST DIFFERENCES IN THE BOOK FROM 40 YEARS AGO AND THE BOOK THAT WAS JUST PUBLISHED THIS FALL? >> WELL, TAKE AN ISSUE LIKE WAY BACK WHEN WE DID THE FIRST SIMON AND SCHUSTER EDITION, WE WERE CONFRONTED WITH A SITUATION WHERE, YOU KNOW, YOU WOULD GO IN WHEN THERE MIGHT BE A QUESTION OF A LUMP, THEY DO A FROZEN SECTION. YOU COULD HAVE YOUR WHOLE BREAST LOPPED OFF, NO, SECTIONING OF THE LUMP, ANALYZING IT, DECIDING WHETHER YOU ARE GOING TO HAVE RADIATION OR CHEMOTHERAPY, NONE OF THAT WAS DONE. IT WAS JUST ALL IN ONE PROCEDURE. AND TWO-STEP PROCEDURE WAS ACTUALLY A POLITICAL STRUGGLE SPEARHEADED BY THE LATE ROSE KUSHNER. THERE WERE PROMINENT PHYSICIANS, ONE OF THEM AT MASS. GENERAL HOSPITAL, DR. OLIVER COPE, WHO LOBBIED HEAVILY FOR THE TWO-STEP PROCEDURE, AND THAT WE WERE, AND HE USED THE TERM MUTILATING WOMEN, LOPPING OFF THEIR BREASTS UNNECESSARILY. SO HE WAS AMONG THOSE ON THE

INSIDE CALLING FOR THE CHANGE. FLASH FORWARD, WE CERTAINLY KNOW A GREAT DEAL MORE ABOUT TREATMENT OPTIONS. WE STILL HAVEN'T DONE WHAT WE NEED TO DO TO PREVENT THE LARGE NUMBERS OF BREAST CANCER WE SEE. AND WE DO KNOW THAT MOST OF THEM ARE RELATED TO THE ENVIRONMENT. WE JUST DON'T HAVE A CLEAR PATH OF CAUSE AND EFFECT. WE HAVE A GENERAL PICTURE OF THAT, SO, CLEANING UP THE ENVIRONMENT IS ONE THING WE NEED TO DO. LOOKING AT ALTERNATIVES, THINGS TO PREVENT THE KIND OF TOXIC EFFECTS OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL INSULTS THAT ARE OUT THERE. AND, OF COURSE, WE NEED TO DO MORE RESEARCH. THE NEW BOOK DOESN'T ACTUALLY COVER ALL OF THE DIFFERENT TREATMENTS, BECAUSE WE CAN GET THAT ONLINE. WE CAN GET THAT BY LEADING PEOPLE TO WEBSITES. THE NEW BOOK REALLY COVERS THE KINDS OF QUESTIONS YOU NEED TO ASK AND WHAT YOU NEED -- THINGS YOU NEED TO LOOK INTO. >> I HAVE A QUESTION ABOUT BREAST CANCER, SPECIFICALLY. YOU KNOW, ONE OF THE THINGS THAT IS DEFINITELY DIFFERENT FROM 40 YEARS AGO, WE HAVE THE ABILITY TO DO GENETIC TESTING THAT CAN SHOW SOME PREDISPOSITION TO BREAST

CANCER AND OVARIAN CANCER. AND, THAT CAN REALLY CHANGE FOLKS' PROGNOSIS AND THAT IS GREAT. BUT, YOU KNOW, NOW WE'RE DEALING WITH THINGS LIKE PATENTING TESTS AND PATENTING -- LIMITING AVAILABILITY. DO YOU GUYS ADDRESS THINGS LIKE THAT? >> YES. YOU FIRST HAVE TO REMEMBER THAT THE VAST MAJORITY OF BREAST CANCER IS NOT LINKED TO HEREDITARY FACTORS, ALTHOUGH YOU CAN HAVE GENETIC CHANGES THAT HAPPEN FROM IMPACT OF THE ENVIRONMENT. FRANCIS COLLINS WHO HEADS UP THE NIH IS SAYING, YOU KNOW, IT MIGHT TAKE YOU FIVE HITS TO GET TO CANCER AND MAYBE ONE OR TWO OF THEM ARE GENETIC PREDISPOSITION BUT YOU HAVE TO HAVE THOSE OTHER THREE ENVIRONMENTAL INSULTS BEFORE YOU WILL ACTUALLY DEVELOP THE CANCER SO CANCER IS A COMPLICATED PROCESS AND THERE ARE GENE/ENVIRONMENT INTERACTIONS AS WELL. BUT, SAY YOU HAVE A HISTORY OF BREAST CANCER, MOTHER, SISTER THAT KIND OF THING, THERE ARE SOME WOMEN WHO CHOOSE TO HAVE BRCA1 AND BRCA2

GENETIC TESTING TO SEE IF THERE IS A PREDISPOSITION TO DEVELOPING BREAST OR OVARIAN CANCER. WHAT WE ARE ACTIVELY INVOLVED WITH RIGHT NOW, WITH RESPECT TO THAT PARTICULAR TEST, IS THE FACT THAT MYRIAD GENETICS HAS A PATENT ON THAT PARTICULAR TEST. IT IS NOT ACTUALLY THE BEST TEST OUT THERE. IT COULD BE IMPROVED UPON. SOME EUROPEANS HAVE. SOME PEOPLE ACTUALLY GO TO EUROPE TO GET A DIFFERENT KIND OF GENETIC TEST. BY VIRTUE OF THEIR PATENTING A HUMAN GENE, AND THAT IS REALLY WHAT WE'RE UPSET ABOUT IS LIMITED ACCESS TO WHAT COULD BE A BETTER TOOL HERE, A BETTER TEST. AND, THERE IS A LAWSUIT THAT THE ACLU HAS BROUGHT AGAINST MYRIAD GENETICS AND WE ARE ONE OF THE TWO ADVOCATE GROUPS THAT IS PLAINTIFFS. THE OTHER IS THE BREAST CANCER ACTION IN SAN FRANCISCO. THIS IS NOT ABOUT PATENTING TESTS OR NOT. IT IS FINE IF YOU PATENT TESTS.

THIS IS ABOUT WHETHER WE SHOULD BE ALLOWED TO PATENT HUMAN GENES AND IT IS A DIFFERENT QUESTION AND IT IS A VERY FASCINATING CASE. A LOT OF PROS AND CONS, IF YOU CAN READ ABOUT IT ON THE INTERNET. WE BELIEVE THIS DOES REPRESENT THE PATENTING OF HUMAN GENE IN A WAY THAT OUR CONGRESS NEVER INTENDED BUT WE HAVE TO GET MORE ACTIVE. >> WE REALLY WEREN'T THINKING ABOUT IT 40 YEARS AGO. YOUR BOOK HAS SOLD FOUR MILLION COPIES, MAYBE A LITTLE MORE THAN THAT, OVER THE YEARS. BUT IT IS NOT JUST POPULAR HERE, IT IS QUITE POPULAR IN THE REST OF THE WORLD. TELL ME ABOUT WHAT IS HAPPENING WITH THE BOOK >> WELL, THE BOOK IS IN ABOUT 26 FOREIGN LANGUAGES. THERE ARE MANY MORE EDITIONS, BECAUSE, FOR EXAMPLE, THERE ARE WOMEN THAT HAVE TWO EDITIONS. IT HAS COME OUT IN SEVERAL EDITIONS IN SOME COUNTRIES. IF YOU WANT TO COUNT ALL THE EDITIONS OF THE BOOK IN DIFFERENT PLACES, AUSTRALIA, EUROPE, WHATEVER, YOU'RE UP TO ABOUT 37, I THINK. I DON'T HAVE THE EXACT NUMBER

IN MY HEAD. MOST RECENTLY, WE SAW THE PUBLICATION OF SIDE-BY-SIDE HEBREW AND ARABIC EDITIONS PRODUCED BY "WOMEN AND YOUR BODIES," A GROUP OF PALESTINIAN AND JEWISH ISRAELI WOMEN, WHO AS MUCH AS ANYTHING ELSE, IT IS A PEACE PROJECT AND THEY WORKED TOGETHER TO PRODUCE DIFFERENT EDITIONS. ONE PRIMARILY FOR ARABIC SPEAKING WOMEN AND ONE FOR HEBREW SPEAKING WOMEN. AND IT IS PHENOMENAL TO SEE THIS WORK DONE. THEIR MEETING LAST YEAR PRODUCED THEIR SECOND EDITION. TEN YEARS LATER THE TURKISH WOMEN, THIS MONTH, ARE GOING TO BE COME OUT WITH THEIR COMPLETED EDITION. THERE IS A SERIES OF BOOKLETS THAT HAVE BEEN PRODUCED IN NEPAL; A TWO VOLUME TIBETAN EDITION. IT IS BANGLA. OUR COLLEAGUES IN TANZANIA HAVE PRODUCED IT IN BOOKLETS ALREADY. >> IS THE CONTENT THE SAME? >> GOD NO. THE POINT IS THAT YOU TAKE THIS MATERIAL AND YOU ADAPT IT. YOU SAY THIS IS USEFUL, THIS REFLECTS OUR REALITY. WE ADD IN WHAT WE KNOW TO BE TRUE FOR WOMEN IN OUR REGION. EVERWHERE WOMEN HAVE TAKEN THE

BOOK AND MADE IT THEIR OWN. IN SOME CASES THEY DON'T CALL IT "OUR BODIES OURSELVES," BECAUSE THEY ARE DOING SOMETHING SO DIFFERENT. THEY JUST GIVE IT ANOTHER NAME BUT THEY TAKE THE CONTENTS FROM THE BOOK. WE FREELY SHARE THAT, BUT SOME HAVE CALLED THE BOOK "OUR BODIES OURSELVES" BECAUSE IT IS EITHER GOING TO BE IN BOOKLET FORM OF THE BOOK REPRESENTING PRETTY MUCH ALL THE TOPICS IN THE BOOK. AND THOSE GLOBAL PARTNERS, SOME OF THEM, NOT ALL OF THEM, ABOUT 15 OF THEM, JOINED US ON A TOUR AT BOSTON UNIVERSITY FOR A 40TH ANNIVERSARY SYMPOSIUM AND THEY SPOKE ELOQUENTLY ABOUT THE WORK THAT THEY DO AND IT IS ALL AVAILABLE IN YOUTUBE VIDEOS. JUST GO TO OUR WEBSITE, OUR BODY OURSELVES.ORG AND SEE THESE WOMEN FOR YOURSELF. >> JUDY NORSIGIAN, THANK YOU FOR BEING WITH US TODAY. >> MY PLEASURE. >> THERE IS MORE OF GWYNETH'S INTERVIEW WITH JUDY NORSIGIAN ONLINE AT NEWMEXICOINFOCUS.ORG. LOOKING FAR BACK AT WOMEN'S HISTORY NOW WITH ONE OF THE MOMENTS IN TIME PIECES. DONA TERESA WAS THE WIFE OF A SANTA FE GOVERNOR IN NEW

MEXICO'S COLONIAL DAYS, ARRESTED BY THE SPANISH INQUISITION AND IMPRISONED IN MEXICO CITY. WHAT SHE WROTE BEHIND BARS IS ONE OF OUR BEST ACCOUNTS OF LIFE IN THE PALACE OF THE GOVERNORS. >> THE TRIAL SHOWED THAT THIS IS A FABULOUS STORY, IT IS FULL OF HUMAN DRAMA, IT IS FULL OF POIGNANT DETAIL. AND IT IS FULL OF PROBABLY UNEXPECTED INSIGHTS INTO WHAT NEW MEXICO IS LIKE IN THE COLONIAL PERIOD. >> BY THE TIME THEY REACHED NEW MEXICO, THE GOVERNOR AND THE FRANCISCAN FRIERS HAVE ALREADY HAD A DEEP FALLING OUT AND DONA TERESA IS SWEPT UP INTO THIS CONTROVERSY. SHE BECOMES A TARGET OF THE

INQUISITION, IN PART, BECAUSE SHE IS THE GOVERNOR'S WIFE AND IN PART BECAUSE OF HER OWN OUTSPOKEN WAYS. >> THE RIVALRY BETWEEN GOVERNORS WAS CERTAINLY ENGINEERED BECAUSE IT WAS THE WAY THE SPANISH CROWN KEPT A CHECK ON THE GOVERNOR. A NEW GOVERNOR COMING IN WOULD DO HIS BEST TO SUPPRESS THE GOVERNOR GOING OUT AND THAT WAY THE CROWN COULD FINE THE OUTGOING GOVERNOR FOR NOT HAVING CARRIED OUT HIS DUTIES AND REDUCE THE COST FOR BRINGING IN THE GOVERNORS. >> DONA TERESA'S ARREST IS A MOMENT OF PROBABLY ENORMOUS SURPRISE FOR HER, BUT GREAT DRAMA. THE SHERIFF AND THE PRIEST WALK INTO HER BEDROOM AT 4:00 IN THE MORNING AND SHE SITS UP ON THE BED AND SHE DOESN'T UNDERSTAND REALLY WHAT IS HAPPENING. SHE TURNS HER FACE TO THE WALL, SHE SAYS PRAYERS, CRIES OUT AND SAYS, "WHY ARE YOU

DOING THIS? WHY ARE YOU ARRESTING ME?" >> AFTER DONA TERESA WAS ARRESTED, THE PROCESS BASICALLY WAS, YOU TAKE THE PERSON AND WHILE YOU'RE ARRESTING THEM, YOU ALSO BEGIN AN INVENTORY OF ALL THE GOODS THEY HAVE. IT IS AN INCREDIBLE LIST. THERE WERE GOLD ITEMS, PERFUME. THERE WAS EVEN A CROSS THAT WAS MADE OUT OF A MANATEE HIDE, LOTS OF CHOCOLATE, DISHES FOR MAKING CHOCOLATE, THE LIST WENT ON AND ON AND ALL THAT WAS CONFISCATED BY THE INQUISITIONER, BECAUSE THE INQUEST USED THE GOODS OF THE PERSON WHO WAS ARRESTED TO PAY FOR THEIR INCARCERATION. >> SHE IS THE ONLY WOMAN FROM NEW MEXICO WHO WAS EVER TRIED AND SHE IS TRIED FOR THE CRIME OF BEING A JEW.

THERE ARE 26 WITNESSES WHO SPEAK AGAINST HER. AND THEY ACCUSE HER OF BEING A JEW ON THE MOST INCREDIBLE OF GROUNDS. THESE ARE SOME OF THE THINGS THAT THEY SAY MEANS THAT SHE MUST BE JEWISH BECAUSE THIS IS AT VARIANCE WITH THE WAY >> WHEN DONA TERESA WAS ARRESTED, SHE WAS TAKEN TO A CELL. SHE WAS HELD THERE FOR SEVERAL DAYS, AND THEN DID A SIX MONTH JOURNEY ALL THE WAY DOWN TO THE INQUISITION HEADQUARTERS IN MEXICO CITY. THE CELLS THEMSELVES WERE SMALL, THEY HAD A BARRED WINDOW, A LITTLE BIT OF LIGHT, BUT NOT INCREDIBLY WELL LIT. THE CELLS WERE KEPT APART FROM EACH OTHER. PRISONERS WERE NOT SUPPOSED TO TALK TO EACH OTHER. AND IT WAS PART OF THE PROCESS, I THINK, TO GET THEM TO CONFESS. >> FINALLY, AFTER THESE MONTHS THAT SHE AND HER HUSBAND HAD STOOD TRIAL, SHE ASKED FOR A

PEN AND PAPER. AND THIS IS WHAT IS SO DRAMATIC AND UNUSUAL. SHE WRITES HER OWN DEFENSE. >> IN HER DEFENSE, SHE TALKS ABOUT THE MAIDS WHO WERE STEALING FROM HER, AND, SURELY, THEY MUST BE PEOPLE WHO BROUGHT CHARGES AGAINST HER AND SHE RESPONDS THAT THE WAY IN WHICH THEY STOLE CHOCOLATE BY HIDING IT IN BAGS SHE TALKS ABOUT THE MANY ENEMIES THAT SHE AND HER HUSBAND HAS; THE SHERIFF WHO HAD AN ILLEGITIMATE CHILD WITH SOMEONE ELSE IN TOWN. SHE RESPONDS TO THE CHARGES BY LEVELING CHARGES AGAINST EVERYONE IN SANTA FE. >> WHAT DONA TERESA'S DEFENSE DOCUMENT DOES ALSO IS OPEN A PICTURE OF WHAT DAY-TO-DAY LIFE WAS LIKE IN THE PALACE AT THAT TIME. WE HAVE THE STORIES OF THE GOVERNOR. WE HAVE STORIES OF THE PEOPLE STEALING OUT OF THE STORE ROOMS IN THE PALACE.

>> SHE TALKS ABOUT THE ILLEGITIMACY. SHE TALKS ABOUT THE ILLITERACY. SHE TALKS ABOUT THE SUPERSTITIONS BY WHICH PEOPLE LIVE THEIR LIVES AND THAT IS WHAT MAKES THEIR TESTIMONY SO IMPORTANT AND SO INTERESTING AS A SOCIAL HISTORY OF SANTA FE. >> DONA TERESA SPENDS ABOUT 20 MONTHS IN JAIL AND THE FINAL RESOLUTION IS THAT THE INQUISITION DOESN'T SO MUCH DROP THE CHARGES. THEY DISMISS THE CHARGES. >> I THINK BY THIS TIME, THE IDEA OF THE INQUISITION GOING AFTER PEOPLE FOR PRACTICING CRYPTO JUDAISM HAD BEGUN TO FADE AND THE FACT THAT THIS IMPLICATED HIGH LEVEL OFFICIALS IN NEW MEXICO MAY HAVE ADDED TO THEIR DECISION THAT, MAYBE WE SHOULDN'T CARRY THIS CASE TOO FAR. >> FROM THAT TRIAL RECORD, WE UNDERSTAND THESE ARE PEOPLE. THESE ARE PEOPLE WITH MOTIVES, SOMETIMES GOOD, SOMETIMES NOT

SO GOOD. >> AND, TO SURVIVE HERE YOU HAD TO, LIKE SHE DID, HAVE A LOT OF GUMPTION. >> IN SPANISH THERE IS AN EXPRESSION, "PUEBLO PECUENO INFIERNO ENORME." AND THAT PRETTY MUCH DESCRIBES SANTA FE. A SMALL TOWN, BUT AN ENORMOUS HELL. >> YOU KNOW, WE ALL LOVE REALITY TV, APPARENTLY. AND, HERE IS A REAL REALITY SHOW. IT IS IN SORT OF A LANGUAGE THAT IS VERY FAMILIAR, NOW, TO FAMILIES, TO TEENAGERS AND SO FORTH. AND, THE TEENAGER SAID, THEY REALLY SAW IT FOR THE FIRST TIME. THEY SAW WHAT IT LOOKS LIKE AND MANY OF THEM SAID THAT FOR THE FIRST TIME THEY BEGAN TO THINK ABOUT, WAIT, THIS COULD HAPPEN TO ME. >> UNPLANNED PREGNANCY, ESPECIALLY AMONG TEENS HAS BEEN AN ISSUE WE HAVE

ADDRESSED MANY TIMES ON THIS PROGRAM. THE NATIONAL NONPROFIT CAMPAIGN TO PREVENT TEEN AND UNPLANNED PREGNANCY HAS BEEN EXAMINING ISSUE AROUND THE COUNTRY. GWYNETH DOLAND HAS MORE ON THE ISSUE WITH CEO, SARAH BROWN. >> NEW MEXICO HAS ONE OF THE HIGHEST, IF NOT THE HIGHEST, TEEN PREGNANCY RATE IN THE NATION. WHAT ARE WE DOING WRONG? HAVE A BIG DECLINE SO I THINK YOU'RE DOING THINGS RIGHT. AND YOU'RE NOT THE WORST. YOU KNOW. YOU MAY BE ON THE TOP FIVE. IT IS HARD TO SAY. I MEAN, IN SORT OF A BIOLOGICAL SENSE, WHAT IT MEANS IS THERE IS A WHOLE LOT OF TEENAGERS AND A LOT OF TEENAGERS HAVING SEX WITHOUT USING CONTRACEPTIVE AND GETTING PREGNANT. THAT IS SORT OF AT THE END OF THE DAY. >> BREAKING THAT RIGHT DOWN. >> PEOPLE SOMETIMES DON'T GET IT STRAIGHT. THAT IS WHAT IS GOING ON. YOU HAVE A LARGE NUMBER, LIKE MOST STATES, OF SEXUALLY ACTIVE TEENS, 18 TO 19, AND THEY ARE USING CONTRACEPTION SOME BUT THEY ARE NOT USING IT CAREFULLY ENOUGH.

AND YOU MAY HAVE SOME SERIOUS POCKETS OF POVERTY. YOU HAVE A LARGE NATIVE AMERICAN POPULATION WHICH HAS ALWAYS HAD VERY, VERY HIGH RATES. SO, THERE IS A LOT GOING ON HERE AND I THINK THE MOST PRODUCTIVE WAY TO THINK ABOUT THIS IS WHY HAVE YOU HAD A SORT OF A 33% DECLINE IN TEEN PREGNANCY OVER 10 YEARS TO LOOK AT WHAT IS WORKING AND NOT WORRY TOO MUCH ABOUT WHY WE MIGHT BE THE WORST OR IN THE TOP 10. YOU HAVE HAD PROGRESS IN THE LAST FEW YEARS. SIGNIFICANT PROGRESS. AND I THINK WE SHOULD LOOK AT THAT AND SAY, WHAT HAS BEEN WORKING AND WHAT CAN WE DO MORE OF? >> WELL, YOU KNOW IT STRIKES ME THAT IN TALKING ABOUT TEENAGERS OUT THERE WHO ARE HAVING SEX BUT NOT USING BIRTH CONTROL, THAT THERE ARE TWO THINGS TO LOOK AT. ONE OF THEM IS TRYING TO GET TEENAGERS TO NOT HAVE SEX. >> ABSOLUTELY. >> TRYING TO GET THEM TO USE BIRTH CONTROL. HOW ARE THEY RELATED? WHICH SHOULD WE BE DOING? >> BOTH, NATIONAL TEEN PREGNANCY AND BIRTH RATES HAVE GONE DOWN, 30 AND 40% DEPENDING ON WHICH MEASURE

YOU'RE LOOKING AT SINCE 1990'S. I AM ASKED WHY HAVE THE RATES GONE DOWN? THE ANSWER IS BOTH OF THE THINGS YOU JUST MENTIONED. BOTH, SOME DECLINE IN PROPORTION OF TEENS HAVING SEX. ESPECIALLY TEENAGE BOYS, BELIEVE IT OR NOT. A LITTLE BIT, NOT AN ENORMOUS AMOUNT, BUT JUST A LITTLE BIT AND A SIGNIFICANT INCREASE IN CONTRACEPTIVE USE AMONG THE TEENS WHO ARE HAVING SEX. SO THE SHORT ANSWER, IS, LESS, SEX AND MORE CONTRACEPTION. BOTH DRIVE DOWN TEEN PREGNANCY AND BIRTH RATES. I THINK AS BEST AS WE CAN TELL, IT IS THE LATTER EXPLANATION, SORT OF MORE CONTRACEPTION PROBABLY PAID A LARGER ROLE BUT YOU'RE ABSOLUTELY RIGHT, ENCOURAGING YOUNG PEOPLE TO POSTPONE SEX IS A VERY, VERY GOOD IDEA. ESPECIALLY WHEN YOU LOOK AT MIDDLE SCHOOL, YOUNG PEOPLE, I THINK IT IS ABSOLUTELY THE RIGHT THING TO DO. BUT, WE ALSO KNOW THAT BY THE TIME THEY LOOK AT 18 AND 19 YEAR OLDS WHO ARE IN THE TEEN PREGNANCY RATE, THAT IS 15 TO 19 YEAR OLDS, SOMEWHERE

BETWEEN 60 AND 80% OF THOSE TEENS ARE HAVING SEX OR HAVE HAD SEX IN THE RECENT PAST. AND SO, FOR THOSE YOUNG PEOPLE, I THINK WE CAN ENCOURAGE SOME OF THEM TO MAYBE, YOU KNOW, NOT HAVE SEX RIGHT NOW OR NOT TONIGHT OR NOT IN THIS RELATIONSHIP, BUT FOR THEM, THE LARGER FOCUS HAS TO BE ON CONTRACEPTION. >> I HAD A FASCINATING CONVERSATION WITH SOME OF THE STUDENTS I AM TEACHING HERE AT UNM IN THE JOURNALISM DEPARTMENT. WE WERE TALKING ABOUT THIS TOPIC. THEY GAVE ME GREAT QUESTIONS FOR YOU. WE TALKED ABOUT MTV'S, "TEEN MOMS." >> AND "16 AND PREGNANT," I BET. >> AND "16 AND PREGNANT," AND IT WAS INTERESTING IN THE CLASS, SOME OF THE KIDS SAID, WELL, I THINK THESE SHOWS ARE GLAMORIZING PREGNANCY AND MAKING IT LOOK COOL. AND ONE GIRL IN THE CLASS SAID, "HAVE YOU EVER SEEN IT?" >> THAT IS THE EXACT RIGHT ANSWER. LEAST WE'RE ASKED THAT OFTEN. WE DO WORK ABOUT THOSE PROGRAMS.

AND I HAVE -- GENERALLY, IT IS SOMEONE WHO IS ALL GROWN UP, NOT ADOLESCENTS. THEY'LL SAY, DON'T THOSE PROGRAMS GLAMORIZE, BECAUSE AFTER ALL THESE YOUNG WOMEN AND BOYFRIENDS AND FAMILY, THEY ARE ON TV. SOME OF THEM ON THE COVER OF HELLO MAGAZINE, HAIR, MAKEUP. THE WHOLE THING. WE HAVE ALWAYS SAID EXACTLY WHAT YOUR STUDENTS SAID, WHICH IS "HAVE YOU WATCHED IT?" I FIND IT IMPOSSIBLE FOR ANYBODY TO WATCH EITHER ONE OF THOSE AND COME AWAY THINKING, "GEE, THAT LOOKS LIKE FUN. THAT IS GOING TO HELP MY LIFE IMPROVE." >> THEY WERE COMPLETELY ON THE SAME PAGE, SAYING IT IS HORRIFYING. >> IT IS TERRIBLE. NOT JUST SO THAT SO MANY OF THE MEN, BOYFRIENDS, LEAVE WHICH IS THE COMMON STORY OF ADOLESCENT PREGNANCY BUT THERE IS CONFLICTS WITH PARENTS. CONFLICT WITH GIRLFRIENDS AND SCHOOL PROBLEMS. WHAT I WANT TO TELL YOU, WE WERE ASKED THAT SO MANY TIMES WE THOUGHT WE NEED TO ASK TEENS THEMSELVES. YOU KNOW, WE DON'T BELIEVE IT. WE SAY YOU HAVE TO SEE IT. WE DID A SURVEY OF ADOLESCENTS OF ONES WHO HAD SEEN THE

PROGRAM. AND WE SAID, "DO YOU THINK THESE PROGRAMS GLAMORIZE SEX?" SERIES OF QUESTIONS. ABOUT 85%, SAID, NO, NO WAY, NEVER, NOT AT ALL, JUST WHAT I WOULD HAVE GUESSED. THEY SAID THAT FOR SOME OF THEM IT WAS REALLY THE FIRST TIME THAT HE HAD BEEN CONFRONTED WITH WHAT THIS PROBLEM REALLY LOOKED LIKE. >> IF YOU DO GET PREGNANT, YOU KIND OF DROP OUT, YOU KNOW, YOU DROP OUT, MAYBE OF SCHOOL, BUT, LARGELY YOU DROP OUT OF YOUR SOCIAL SCENE. AND SO, YOUR FRIENDS REALLY DON'T GET TO SEE TOO MUCH OF WHAT HAPPENS. SO, UNLESS THEY ARE WATCHING ON MTV, THEY MIGHT REALLY NOT HAVE ANY IDEA OF WHAT IT REALLY IS LIKE ON A DAILY BASIS. >> THAT IS RIGHT AND THAT IS WHY THIS REALITY SHOW FORMAT HAS BEEN SO POWERFUL IN MANY AREAS, NOT JUST ADOLESCENT PREGNANCY BUT OTHER PARTS OF LIFE. HERE IN NEW MEXICO AND OTHER PARTS OF THE COUNTRY, THERE ARE A NUMBER OF SCHOOLS WHO PROVIDE ON-SITE DAY CARE FOR THE CHILDREN OF TEEN MOTHERS SO THAT THEY WILL STAY IN SCHOOL. THIS IS ONE OF THE MAIN

REASONS WE WORRY SO MUCH ABOUT THE PROBLEM, BUT EVEN THOUGH, THEY ARE IN A SENSE, AS YOU POINTED OUT, THEY ARE SORT OF SEPARATE, BECAUSE MAYBE WHILE THEIR COLLEAGUES AND FRIENDS ARE GOING TO SPORTS OR SOMETHING, THEY ARE IN PARENTING CLASSES. THAT IS GOOD FOR THEIR CHILD FOR SURE, BUT, AGAIN, EVEN IF THEY ARE IN THAT SCHOOL, THEY ARE ON SOMEWHAT OF A SEPARATE TRACK AND CAN'T GO OUT IN THE EVENINGS AND WEEKEND AND SO FORTH. MAYBE THEY CAN A LITTLE BIT, PARTICULARLY IF THE GRANDMOTHER IS HELPING OUT. >> WHAT EFFECT DO THESE PROGRAMS HAVE WHEN YOU HAVE SCHOOLS THAT MAKE ACCOMMODATION FOR STUDENTS WITH KIDS? IS THAT LIKE, OH, IT IS EASY, NO PROBLEM, THEY HAVE DAY CARE AT SCHOOL, I CAN HAVE THIS KID. DOES IT MAKE IT EASIER FOR THEM? DOES IT HAVE ANY EFFECT ON THE RATE OR DOES IT JUST MAKE IT EASIER FOR PARENTS ONCE IT IS ALL SAID AND DONE. >> IT IS A VERY IMPORTANT WHAT IS THE EFFECT? NOT JUST ON THE TEENAGE MOTHERS THEMSELVES BUT THE YOUNG WOMEN IN SCHOOL THAT HAVEN'T GOTTEN PREGNANT. THEY LOOK AND SAY THEY ARE GETTING TUTORING AND ALL THE

EXTRA SUPPORT. I DON'T HAVE A CHILD AND I AM NOT GETTING THE HELP I NEED. LOTS OF COMPLICATED DYNAMICS. I THINK THAT AS A GENERAL MATTER, ANYTHING THAT CAN HELP A YOUNG WOMAN STAY IN SCHOOL AND NOT DROP OUT IS GOING TO BE BENEFICIAL OVER TIME. >> SO, WHEN WE'RE LOOKING AT THE FACT THAT OUR NUMBERS HAVE GOTTEN BETTER HERE IN NEW MEXICO, MAYBE NOT AS FAST AS IN SOME OTHER PLACES AND MAYBE WE'RE STILL KIND OF AT THE BACK OF THE PACK, BUT THEY HAVE BEEN IMPROVING, WHAT ARE SOME OF THE THINGS THAT WE'RE DOING RIGHT? >> YOU HAVE DONE A BUNCH OF DIFFERENT THINGS RIGHT. I HOPE IT CONTINUES. MAYBE YOU'LL BE DOWN IN THE LOWER HALF, YOU KNOW, HALF OF THE STATES HAVE TO BE IN THE LOWER HALF AND YOU CAN BE ONE OF THEM. YOU HAVE INVESTED IN EVIDENCE BASED PROGRAMS. YOU KNOW AT LOT OF PEOPLE HAVE BEEN WORKING ON THIS ISSUE FOR A LONG TIME AND WE'RE FINALLY BEGINNING TO HAVE AN UNDERSTANDING OF WHAT WORKS SO WE HAVE THINGS, FOR EXAMPLE, LIKE "PLAIN TALK," THE TEEN OUTREACH PROGRAM, A NUMBER OF

THEM. AND THEY ACTUALLY HAVE BEEN SHOWN TO WORK AND NEW MEXICO HAS SYSTEMATICALLY PUT THESE PROGRAMS IN PLACE, WHICH IS TERRIFIC. A LOT OF PEOPLE VERY WELL MEANING, JUST SORT OF MAKE IT UP AT THE KITCHEN TABLE. THEY TAKE A LITTLE BIT OF THIS AND A LITTLE BIT AND SORT OF DO WHAT THEY FEEL INTUITIVELY IS RIGHT. I AM NOT SAYING THOSE AREN'T USEFUL, BUT WHEN MONEY IS TIGHT AND TIME IS LIMITED AND NEW MEXICO HAS CHOSEN TO LOOK AT THE EVIDENCE OF THE INTERVENTION. THAT IS GREAT. >> WHAT IS "PLAIN TALK"? >> "PLAIN TALK" IS ONE OF THESE EVIDENCE-BASED PROGRAMS THAT TEACHES PARENTS, IN PARTICULAR, ABOUT WHAT IS GOING ON IN THE LIVES OF THEIR CHILDREN, MIDDLE SCHOOL KIDS AND HIGH SCHOOL KIDS, AND TALKS WITH THEM ABOUT HOW TO TALK WITH THEIR OWN CHILDREN ABOUT SEX, LOVE AND RELATIONSHIPS, FAMILY EXPERIENCE, VALUES, CULTURE AND SO FORTH, BECAUSE, WHAT WE HEAR FROM PARENTS ALL THE TIME IS THAT THEY KNOW THEY SHOULD BE TALKING WITH THEIR YOUNG

PEOPLE, THEY GET THAT, BUT THEY LITERALLY DON'T KNOW HOW TO DO IT. WE HAD ALMOST 5,000 BIRTHS TO TEEN GIRLS IN THIS STATE. THAT IS A LOT. WE NEED TO GET THAT DOWN. >> ABOUT THE SCHOOL-BASED HEALTH CENTER THERE ARE SOME PARENTS WHO SAY, HANG ON, YOU'RE GIVING OUT BIRTH CONTROL TO THESE STUDENTS IN HIGH SCHOOL, YOU'RE JUST MAKING IT EASY FOR THEM TO GO HAVE SEX AND WE DON'T WANT THEM TO HAVE SEX. WHY ARE WE DOING THAT? >> AS A MOTHER OF THREE GIRLS, I WANT YOU TO KNOW I THINK THAT IS A VERY REASONABLE QUESTION FOR PARENTS TO HAVE. AND IT HAS BEEN AN ENDURING QUESTION. NOT JUST HEALTH SERVICES BUT PEOPLE OFTEN THOUGHT, WELL, IF WE HAVE GOOD SEX EDUCATION -- IF WE HAVE A FORM OF SEX EDUCATION THAT TALKS ABOUT SORT OF EVERY LITTLE THING, ISN'T THAT GOING TO ENCOURAGE YOUNG WOMEN TO SAY, WELL, GEE, I WANT TO TRY THAT. SO, I THINK ABOUT 20 YEARS AGO THERE BEGAN TO BE A VERY FOCUSED EFFORT IN THE RESEARCH COMMUNITY TO SEE IF THE

PRESENCE OF A HEALTH CENTER, WHICH YOU JUST MENTIONED, OR THE PRESENCE OF CERTAIN SORTS OF MORE COMPREHENSIVE FORMS OF SEX EDUCATION, DID THEY ACTUALLY ENCOURAGE YOUNG PEOPLE TO HAVE SEX. I THINK IT IS AN IMPORTANT QUESTION. THE GOOD NEWS IS THAT IT DOES NOT. AS A MATTER OF FACT, YOU GET TWO BENEFITS. IT LEADS TO A DELAY IN HAVING SEX AND THEN FOR THOSE YOUNG PEOPLE WHO DO HAVE SEX, THEY USE CONTRACEPTION SO THAT THEY HAVE LOWER RATES OF PREGNANCY AND ALSO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES. NOW, I THINK THE AVERAGE PARENT WOULD SAY, HOW CAN THAT BE IF IT IS ALL OUT THERE, EDUCATION? WE HAVE TO UNDERSTAND OUR YOUNG PEOPLE LIVE IN A VERY COMPLEX ENVIRONMENT. TURN ON THE TV, LOOK AT ANY MAGAZINE IN THE GROCERY STORE, THEY ARE SURROUNDED BY SEXUAL CONTENT ALL THE TIME. SO, THE NOTION THAT THEY ARE NOT MARINATING IN THIS IS JUST NOT REALIZING WHAT CURRENT AMERICAN CULTURE IS LIKE. TO SAY NOTHING OF ONLINE AND INTERNET MATERIAL.

THESE CLINICS, THESE PROGRAMS, THE GOOD ONES, THEY TAKE THESE ISSUES ON DIRECTLY AND THEY DO TALK ABOUT RISK, THEY TALK ABOUT RELATIONSHIPS. THEY TALK ABOUT COMMITMENT, ALL THE THINGS WE REALLY DO WANT THEM TO UNDERSTAND, THAT POPULAR CULTURE IS NOT SERVING UP. >> IN TERMS OF THE MEDIA, IS THERE ANYTHING POSITIVE GOING ON, BESIDES "16 AND PREGNANT" AND "TEEN MOMS" REALITY SHOWS ABOUT WHAT REALLY HAPPENS WHEN YOU HAVE A BABY AS A TEENAGER? IS THERE ANYTHING POSITIVE IN THIS STEW THAT THEY ARE MARINATING IN OF HALF NAKED CELEBRITIES ON THE COVERS OF MAGAZINES? >> RIGHT. ALL THE CELEBRITIES SEEM TO HAVE SEX ALL THE TIME AND THERE ARE NO BAD CONSEQUENCES. THERE HAS BEEN A HUGE OUTPOURING OF COMMITMENT BY MEDIA LEADERS ON NICKELODEON, ON CW, ON DR. DREW, DR. OZ, IN MAGAZINES, "US" MAGAZINES, ALL THESE THINGS WE THINK ABOUT. THE WARNER BROTHERS PEOPLE HAVE BEEN FANTASTIC.

ALL THROUGHOUT MEDIA LAND, THERE HAVE BEEN PROGRAMS CONCENTRATED ON THESE ISSUES. A SPECIAL SCRIPT ON AMERICAN IDOL. THERE WAS A PUBLIC SERVICE ANNOUNCEMENTS WRITTEN BY TEENS ON PREVENTING TEEN PREGNANCY, SO, YOU KNOW, SOMETIMES YOU HAVE TO LOOK FOR IT A LITTLE BIT, BUT WE KNOW THIS FROM OUR OWN RESEARCH, IF YOU TRACK THE AMOUNT OF ATTENTION THAT HAS BEEN GIVEN IN THE MEDIA, I AM NOT TALKING ABOUT PUBLIC SERVICE ANNOUNCEMENTS, BUT PROGRAMMING AND CONTENT, THERE HAS BEEN A VIRTUAL EXPLOSION OF ATTENTION TO POSTPONING SEX, USING CONTRACEPTION, BEING GROWN UP BEFORE YOU ARE A PARENT. AND IT IS THE MEDIA LEADERS DOING THIS THEMSELVES. NOW, I UNDERSTAND THERE ARE ALSO THINGS THAT SOME OF US LOOK AT AND WINCE A BIT, BUT I THINK WE'RE GOING IN THE RIGHT DIRECTION AND I CELEBRATE A LOT OF THE MEDIA LEADERS FOR REALLY SEEING THAT THEY ARE POWERFUL AND THEY CAN HELP. >> GIVE US IN JUST OUR LAST FEW MINUTES HERE, GIVE US DO'S AND DONT'S?

>> FOR PARENTS. YEAH, YOU KNOW, I MEAN, I THINK ONE OF THE THINGS WE DON'T THINK ABOUT IS WHEN YOU START TALKING ABOUT IT IS PROBABLY WAY BEFORE YOU'RE READY AS A PARENT, BUT YOUR CHILD IS ALREADY OLD ENOUGH AND YOU JUST DON'T FEEL LIKE IT. >> SO, GIVE US DO'S, FIRST. >> WELL, FIRST OF ALL, PARENTS NEED TO DO JUST WHAT YOU AND AS WE OFTEN SAY, IT IS NOT THE TALK, IT IS AN 18 YEAR CONVERSATION. AND THE GOOD NEWS IS THAT POPULAR CULTURES WE WERE JUST DESCRIBING, EVERY FEW DAYS, SOMETHING HAPPENS IN THE NEWS OR ON A TELEVISION SHOW OR SOMETHING, WHERE YOU CAN TURN TO YOUR SEVEN YEAR OLD, 12 YEAR OLD AND SAY, "WHAT DO YOU THINK ABOUT THAT? LET ME TELL YOU WHAT I THINK ABOUT THAT." AND HAVE A CONVERSATION. HERE IS ANOTHER DO. DO HAVE CONVERSATIONS, DON'T HAVE LECTURES. DO HAVE LOTS OF LITTLE CONVERSATIONS, DON'T HAVE ONE AWKWARD SORT OF THING AT SORT OF SIXTEEN, WHERE EVERYBODY JUST WANTS TO DIE BECAUSE IT IS SO EMBARRASSING.

>> I HAD ONE OF THOSE. >> WE ALL DID. I REMEMBER MY MOTHER GRIPPED THE STEERING WHEEL AND I THOUGHT HER KNUCKLES WERE GOING TO POP OUT OF HER SKIN BECAUSE SHE WAS SO UNCOMFORTABLE. UNDERSTAND THAT EVEN IF THERE IS NO CONVERSATION GOING ON IN THE HOME, THERE IS AN ENORMOUS AMOUNT THAT IS ALREADY GOING ON IN MEDIA AND IN THE PEER GROUP. SO THE WAY TO THINK ABOUT IT, EVERYONE ELSE IS TALKING TO YOUR CHILDREN, YOU NEED TO DO IT TOO. IF YOU'RE CHILDREN ASK YOU ABOUT SEX, BIRTH CONTROL, WHATEVER, DON'T ASSUME THEY ARE HAVING SEX. THEY ARE HEARING ABOUT IT, THEY NEED TO KNOW. THEY WANT TO UNDERSTAND SO DON'T MISINTERPRET THEIR QUESTIONS TO BE SORT OF SELF REPORTS ON THEIR OWN BEHAVIOR. HERE IS ANOTHER VERY IMPORTANT CAUTIONARY TALE. DON'T LET YOUR YOUNG SONS OR DAUGHTERS GET ROMANTICALLY INVOLVED WITH SOMEONE SIGNIFICANTLY OLDER. IT IS A RECIPE FOR A POWER DIFFERENCE, OFTEN EARLY SEX FOR THE YOUNGER PERSON AND A LOT OF RISK. >> HOW SIGNIFICANT IS SIGNIFICANTLY OLDER? >> RESEARCH SAYS THREE YEARS.

IF YOU HAVE A 15 YEAR OLD DAUGHTER OR SON ROMANTICALLY INVOLVED WITH SOMEONE 19 OR 20, IT IS A RECIPE FOR RISK. BE PRUDENT AND CAREFUL. KNOW YOUR CHILDREN'S FRIENDS, KNOW YOUR CHILDREN'S FRIENDS' FAMILY. AND, I ALSO THINK IT IS IMPORTANT TO HAVE A POINT OF VIEW. WE'RE NOT JUST CHIT-CHATTING. AT SOME POINT PARENTS NEED TO SAY, IN A WARM WAY, THIS IS WHAT I HOPE FOR YOU AND HERE IS WHY. WE HAVE TO TAKE THE TIME TO EXPLAIN WHY IT IS THAT WE WANT THEM TO POSTPONE SEXUAL ACTIVITY. WE HAVE TO EXPLAIN WHY IT IS WE THINK SEX HAS MEANING AND IT IS IMPORTANT AND IT IS NOT TO BE TAKEN CASUALLY. YOU KNOW, PEOPLE MAY NOT UNDERSTAND THAT, ESPECIALLY IN THIS CULTURE. LOTS AND LOTS OF COMMUNICATION TWO WAY. >> SARAH BROWN, THANK YOU VERY MUCH FOR BEING WITH US HERE TODAY. >> THANK YOU FOR HAVING ME HERE IN NEW MEXICO. IT IS WONDERFUL TO LEAVE WASHINGTON D.C. FOR A BIT.

I CAN GUARANTEE THAT. >> THE LINE RETURNS NEXT WEEK AS WE'LL LEARN WHO IS IN AND WHO IS OUT IN LEGISLATIVE RACES ACROSS THE STRAIGHT. WE'LL BE FOLLOWING DEVELOPMENTS ALL WEEK, AND FIND ALL YOU NEED INCLUDING LINKS TO TWITTER AND FACEBOOK CONVERSATIONS AT NEWMEXICOINFOCUS.ORG. I AM GENE GRANT. SEE YOU NEXT WEEK INFOCUS.