PBS NewsHour; January 1, 2020, 6:00pm-7:00pm PST

- Captioning sponsored by - NEWSHOUR PRODUCTIONS, LLC - EN>> Schifrin: GOOD AND - HAPPY NEW YEAR. - I'M NICK SIFRIN. - JUDY WOODRUFF IS AWAY. - ON THE NEWSHOUR TONIGHT: - BACKING DOWN. - A CRISIS END WHEN - DEMONSTRATORS LEAVE THE U.S. - EMBASSY COMPOUND IN IRAQ. - THEN, NUCLEAR NORTH. - KIM JONG-UN ANNOUNCES A "NEW - ONSTRATEGIC WE AND WARNS - THAT NORTH KOREA CAN WITHSTAND - U.S. SANCTIONS. - EWAND,EAR, NEW LAWS. - FROM ELECTRIC CARS TO MINIMUM - WAGE INCRE2020 RINGS IN - CNEW RULES ACROSS TNTRY. - PLUS, WARNINGS FTHM ANTARCTICA. - DANGERS PENGUINS FACE IN A - WARMING WORLD. - >>EOME SPECIES ARE GOING TO - MAJOR CLIMATE CHANGE WINNERS, - AND THERE ARE GOING TO BE OTHERS - SPECIES THAT ARE NO LONGER ABLE - TO THRIVE ON THE ANTARCTIC - PENINSULA. - >> Schifrin: ALL THAT AND MORE - HTON TONIG PBS NEWSHOUR. - BS MAJOR FUNDING FOR THE P - NEWSHOUR HAS BEEN PROVIDED BY:

- ♪ ♪ - MOVING OUR ECONOMY FOR 160 - YEARS. - BNSF, THE ENGINE THAT CONNECTS - US. - >> CONSUMER CELLULAR. - >> SUPPORTING SOCIAL - ENTREPRENEURS AND THEIR - ONS TO THE WORLD'S MOST - PRESSING PROBLEMS-- - skollfoundation.org. - >> THE LEMELSON FOUNDATION. - COMMITTED TO IMPROVING LIVES

- THS.UGH INVENTION, IN THE U. - AND DEVELOPING COUNTRIES. - ON THEEB AT lemelson.org. - PORTED BY THE JOHN D. AN - CATHERINE T. MacARTHUR - FOUNDATION. - COMMITTED TO BUILDING A MORE - JUST - WORLD.T AND PEACEFUL - MORE INFORMATION AT macfound.org - >> AND WITH THE ONGOING SUPPORT - OF THESE INSTITUTIONS: - >> THIS PROGRAM WAS MADE - POSSIBLE BY THE CORPORATION FOR - PUBLIC BROADCASTING. - AND BY CONTRIBUTIONS TO YOUR PBS - STATION FROM VIEWERS LIKE YOU. - THANK YOU. - >> Schifrin: IRAQI MILITIAMEN, - ORSUD BY IRAN, HAVE - WITHDRAWN TONIGHT FROM THE U.S. - EMBASSY COMPOUND IN BAGHDAD. - THEY PULLED BACKFTER A SECOND - DAY OF VIOLENT ASSAULTS ON THE - U.S.' LARGEST, AND MOST - EXPENSIVE DIPLOMATICEX. - THE SIEGE WAS SPARKED BY U.S. - RIAIR S AGAINST MILIA - SITES OVER THE WEEKEND THAT - KILLED MORE THAN TWO DOZEN - FIGHTERS. - WE'LL HAVE DETAILED REPORT,

- RYAFTER THE NEWS SUM - IN AFGHANISTAN, THE TALIBAN - STAGED A SERIES OF ATTACKS ON - SECURITY FORCES, KILLING AT - LEAST 26. - THE ATTACKERS STRUCK IN KUNDUZ, - BALKH AND TAKHAR PROVINCES, ALL - IN AFGHANISTAN'S NORTH. - LAST WEEKEND, TALIBAN OFFICIALS - SAID THEY AGREED TO A CEASE- - FIRE, BUT GAVE NO START DATE, - AND THERE'S BE NO LET-UP IN - THE VIOLEN. - A PRO-DEMOCRACY MOVEMENT IN HONG - KOSTNG THAT BEGAN LAPRING, - CONTINUES INTO THE NEW YEAR. - HUNDREDS OF THOUSANDS JOINED AN - ANNUAL MARCH TODAY THAT, BY - NIGHTFALL, DESCENDED INTO - VIOLENCE - PROTESTERS VANDALIZED BANKS AND - BUSINESSES WITH TIES TO MAINLAND - CHINA, AND THREW FIRE BOMBS. - POLICE FIREDEAR GAS AND - ARRESTED ABOUT 400 PEOPLE. - NEW YEAR'S DAY BROUGHT ONLY - SLIGHT RELIEF TO PARTS OF - AUSTRALIA RAVAGED BY SOMOF - COUNTRY'S WORST-EVER WILDFIRES. - BUT, AFTER FLAMES CUT OFF - SEVERAL COASTAL TOWNS, THE - DEATH TOLL ROSE TO 17. - JOHN RAY OF DEPENDENT - TELEVISION NEWS HAS OUR REPORT. - >> Reporter: IN THE SMALL TOWN

- ENOF MALLACOOTA, RES RETURN - TO THEIR HOMES TO FIND NOTHING - LEFT TO SALVAGE. - >> ALL OF MY POSSESSIONS HAVE - BEEN COMPLETELY INCINERATED. - THERE IS SIMPLY NOTHING MORE, - EXCEPT ASH. - >> Reporter: THERE IS NOW A - BRIEF LULL IN THE NDS THAT - WHIPPED UP THIS FIRESTORM THAT - SENT THOUSANDS OF RESIDENTS - FLEEING FOR THEIR LIS, AND - HOLIDAY MAKERS TRAPPED ON THE - COAST TO SHELTER AT SEA. - FIREFIGHTERS HAVE BEEN - FOREINRCED BY THE MILITARY TO - BRING EMERGENCY SUPPLIES TO - UNRAVAGED COIES, AND TO HELP - COUNT THE COST IN A TOLL OF - DEATH EXPECTED TO RISE. - >> TODAY IS THE DAY WHERE IT'S - FEO DO SO, THAT OUR POLICE - AND EMERGENCY SERVICES CAN - ACTUALLY GO THROUGH TH - PROPERTIES THAT HAVEEEN LOST, - AND IN SOME CIRCUMSTANCES MAKE - VERY HORRIBLE FINDINGS. - >> Reporter: MANY OF THOSE WHO - DIED HAD STAYED BEHIND, IN A - DOOMED M - AND BUSINESSES. HOMES - FOR NOW, IN THE TOWNS, THE FIRES - ONLY SMOLDER. - BUT IN THE HILLS, THEY STILL

- RAGE. - AND THE CALMER WEATHER THAT HAS - LIALLOWED AUSTTO TAKE STOCK - OF THIS CATASTROPHE MAY BE ONLY - p>> THE IS EVERY POTENTIAL THE - CONDITIONS ON SATURDAY WILL BE - AS BAD OR WORSE THAN WSAW - YESTERDAY. - >> Reporter: SEARING HEAT IN A - COUNTRY LEFT TENDER DRY BY YEARS - OF DROUGHT. - FIRE HAS TESTED AUSTRALIA TO - DESTRUCTION. - >> Schifrin: THAT REPORT FROM - JOHN RAY OF INDEPENDENT - TELEVISION NEWS. - SEVERE FLOODING HIT INDONESIA'S - CAPITAL, JAKARTA, OVERNIGHT, - AFTER MONSOON RAINS DUMPED - 14 INCHES DURING NEW YEAR'S - LEBRATIONS. - AT LEAST NINE PEOPLE WERE - KILLED, AND THOUSANDS WERE - FORCED FROM THEIR HOMES. - CURESCUE WORKERS EED WOMEN - AND CHILDREN IN INFLATABLE - BOATS, WHILE OTHERS SWAM THROUGH - FLOODWATERS, PAST SUBMERGED - HOMES AND VEHICLES. - AT THE VATICAN, IN A NEW YEAR'S - MESSAGE, POPE FRANCIS DENOUNCED - VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN. - HE LIKENED IT TO PROFANING GOD, - AND CALLED FOR A GREATER ROLE - FOR WOMEN IN WORLD DECISION- - MAKING. - HE ALSO APOLOGIZED FOR STRIKING - OUT AT A WOMAN IN ST. PETER'S

- SQUARE LAST NIGHT. - FRANCIS WAS SHAKING HANDS WHEN - THE WOMAN GRABBED HIM AND YANKED - HIM TOWARD HER. - HE SLAPPED HER HAND, AND TURNED - AWAY, VISIBLY ANGRY. - BUT TODAY, HE SAID HE HAD MADE A - E.MIST - >> ( translated ): LOVE MAKES US - PATIENT. - SOANY TIMES WE LOSE PATIENCE, - EVEN ME, AND I APOLOGIZE FOR - YESTERDAY'S BAD EXAMPLE. - >> Schifrin: THE WOMAN INVOLVED - IN THE INCIDENT HAS NOT BEEN - IDENTIFIED - BACK IN THIS COUNTRY, PRESIDENT - TRUMP IS AGAIN TALKING ABOUT - CRACKING DOWN ON UNDERAGE - VAPING. - HE SAID LAST NIGHT THAT SALES OF - VORED E-CIGARETTES MIGHT - BE HALTED. - THE "WALL STREET JOURNAL" - REPORTED THE FOOD AND DRUG - ADMINISTRATION WILL BAN ALL - FLAVORS EXCEPT MENTHOLND - TOBAO. - ENTHE PRESPROMISED A - SWEEPING BAN LAST SEPTEMBER, - BUT NEVER FOLLOWED THROUGH. - AND FORMER NATIONAL BASKETBALL - ASSOCIATION COMMISSIONER DAVID - STERN HAS DIED. - THE LEAGUE SAID HE PASSED TODAY - ABOUT THREE WEEKS AFTER - SUFFERING A BRAIN HEMORRHAGE. - STERN LED THE N.B.A. FOR 30 - YEARS, AND OVERSAW ITS HUGE - GROWTH FOR BASKETBALL IN THE

- U.S. AND WORLDWIDE. - IN 2014, HE WAS INDUCTED INTO - THE BASKETBALL HALL OF FAME. - DAVID STERN WAS 77 YEARS OLD. - STILL TO COME ON THE NEWSHOUR: - BACKING DOWN-- THE CRISIS ENDS - AT THE U.S. EMBASSY COMPOUND IN - IRAQ. - THE NUCLEAR NOH-- WHAT STARK - WARNINGS FROM NORTH KOREA MEAN - FOR THE FUTURE OF TALKS WITH THE - U.S. - LANEW YEAR, NEW -- CHANGING - RULES FOR WHAT YOU CAN AND CAN'T - DO IN 2020. - WARNINGS FROM TARCTICA-- - PENGUINS FACE THE PERILS OF - CLIMATE CHANGE. - ANMUCH MORE. - >> Schifrin: IN BAGHDAD OVER THE - LAST DAY, THERE WAS A SENSE OF - CRISIS-- AMERICAN DIPLOMATS - TRAPPED IN THE EMBASSY - U.S. TROOPS ON THE EMBASSY ROOF, - READY TO FIRE INTO CROWDS. - TODAY, THE SIEGE IS WINDING - DOWN, BUT THE LARGER U.S. IRAN - TENSIONS REMAIN HIGH.

- AFTER E MOST SIGNIFICANT - . STANDOFF OUTSIDE A UBASSY - IN YEARS, DEMONSTRATORS IN - DOBAGHDAD TODAY STOO, AND - DECLARED VICTORY. - >> ( translated AFTER THE - ACHIEVEMENT OF THE IENDED AIM - OF THIS STANCE, WE PULLED OUT - FROM THIS PLACE TRIUMPHANTLY, - AND WE SOAKED AMERICA'S NOSE IN - DIRT. - ( CHANTING ) - >> Schifrin: FOR 24 HOURS, - RSSUPPORF THE IRAN-BACKED - MILITIA KATAIB HEZBOLLAH STAGED - A SIT-IN, SCALED THE EASSY - WALLS, AND BROKE THE RECEPTION - AREA'S WINDOWS. - ( CHANTING ) - THEY DEMANDED THE U.S. CLOSE THE - ANEMBASSD WITHDRAW ITS MORE- - THAN-5,000 TROOPS FROM IRAQ. - NGTHEY WERE RESPON TO SUNDAY'S - U.S. AIR STRIKES AGAINST MEMBERS - OF THE SAME MILITIA. - THE U.S. BLAMES THE GROUP FOR - MEKILLING AN ACAN MILITARY - CONTRACTOR, AND ATTACKING U.S. - BASES IN IRAQ 11 TIMES IN THE - LAST TWO MONTHS. - ON CBS ONDAY, SECRETARY OF - STATE MIKE POMPEO BLAMED THE - IRANIAN GOVERNMENT - >> THIS IS STATE-SPONSORED

- OR. - THIS IS IRANIAN-BACKED TERRORISM - THAT TOOK PLACE, THAT THREATENED - AMERICANNTERESTS. - >> Schifrin: DURING THE SIT-IN, - U.S. TROOPS FIRED TEAR GAS AND - STUN GRENADES PUSH BACK - DEMONSTRATORS. - HELICOPTERS FLEW OVER THE - OPEMBASSY AND D FLARES. - AND, THE U.S. REINFORCED THE - EMBASSY, DEPLOYING MARINES FROM - KUWAIT, AND 750 ADTIONAL - SOLDIERS FROTHE U.S. - THE U.S. WAS CONCERNED IRAQI - FORCES ALONE COULDN'T HANDLE THE - SITUATION. - IRAQI FORCES AT FIRST ALLOWED - DEMONSTRATORS TO STREAM TOWARD - THE EMSSY, INSIDE THE NORMALLY - RESTRICTED GREEN ZONE. - EVENTUALLY, THEY TRIED TO ACT AS - A BUFFER BETWEEN DEMONSTRATORS - AND AMERICAN TROOPS. - TODAY, THEY CONTINUE TO ACT AS - SECURITY. - BUT THE END TO THE CRISIS IN - BAGHDAD DOES NOT REDUCE LARGER - U.S.-IRAN TENSIONS. - YESTERDAY, PRESIDENT TRUMP - TWEETED THAT IRAN "WILL PAY A - VERY BIG PRICE! - THIS IS NOT A WARNING, IT IS A - THREAT. - HAPPY NEW YEAR!" - TODAY, IRAN SUPREME LEADER - AYATOLLAH ALI KHAMENEI DENIED

- IRAN PLAYED A ROLE, AND MOCKED - PRESIDENT TRUMP.>> - translated ): THAT - GENTLEMAN HAS AGAIN TWEETED. - THEY TWEET, SPEAK OR WRITE - ARTICLES, AND HE HAS SAID "WE - SEE IRAN RESPONSIBLE FOR THIS - N IN IRAQ, THAT IRAN IS - CONOLLING THIS AND WE WILL - RESPOND TO IRAN." - DFIRST, YOU CANA DAMN - THING, THIS HAS NOTHING TO DO - WITH IRAN. - SECOND, BE LOGICAL! - >> Schifrin: OUTSIDE THE - EMBASSY, THERE ARE STILL A - FEW HUNDRED HOLDOUTS. - AND A FEW MILES AWAY, A SEPARATE - DEMONSTRATION-- THOUSANDS OF - ANTI-CORRUPTION PROTESTORS FILL - BAGHDAD'S TAHRIR SQUARE. - TH HAVE BEEN ITHE STREETS - SINCE OCTOBER, DEMANDING LESS - SECTARIANISM AND MORE ECONOMIC - OPPORTUNITY FOR ALL IRIS. - NOW, TWO PEOPLE WITH FIRST-HITD - EXPERIENCETHE PARTIES - INVOLVED IN THE EMBASSY - STANDOFF. - SARKAWT SHAMS IS A MEMBER OF THE - IRI PARLIAMENT REPRESENTING - THE KURDISTAN REGION. - HE JOINS ME FROM THE CITY - SULEIMANIYA. - AND, DOUGLAS SILLIMAN WAS THE - U.S. AMBASSADOR TO IRAQ UNTIL - EARLY LAST YEAR.

- HE IS NOW THE PRESIDENT OF THE - ARAB GF STATES INSTITUTE, A - WASHINGTON THINK TANK. - THE SIEGE IS OVER, BUT DO YOU - RIGHT NOW HAVE CRITICISM OF BOTH - THE IRAQI FORCES THAT ALLOD - SOME OF THESE PROTESTERS, THESE - DEMONSTRATORS, THESE MEMBERS OF - THE MILITIA TO GET SO CLOSE TO - THE EMBASSY, AND YOU HAVE - CRITICISM WHAT STARTED THIS, - THE U.S. AIRSTRIKES IN IRAQ OVER - THE WEEKEND. - >> RIGHT, BOTH COUNTRIES TO - BLAME, BOTH PARTIES TO BLAME FOR - THE STARTING OF THIS CRISIS. - FIRST, THE U.S. UNIT LATERAL - ACTION AGAINST THE SHIITE - MILITIAS OF THE WEST, SOME OF - THEM, AND IT WAS A MISTAKE, IT - WAS A MISTAKE BY IRAQI FORCES - PROTECTING THE GREEN ZONE, THE - RNATIONAL ZONE WHERE THE - U.S. AND MANY OTHER EMBASSIES - AND THE AQINSTITUTIONS LIKE - PARLIAMENT AREOCATED THERE. - >> Schifrin: YOU WERE IN THE

- EMBASSY UNTIL RECENTLYAST - YEAR. - SARKAWT SHAMS SAYS DID TO IRAQI - FORCESOUGH TO KEEP THE - PEOPLE AWAY FROM THE EMBASSY, - BUT ALSO THAT THE U.S. DID NOT - DO ENOUGH TO ACTUALLY TELL THE - pAIR STRIKES THIS WEEKEND.ESE - >> FIRST OF ALL, IN THE SHORT - TERM, THE IRAQI SECURITY FORCES - GUARDING THE GREEN ZONE AND THE - DIPLOMATIC ESTABLISHMENT - OBVIOUSLY DID T DO ENOUGH TO - KEEP THE PTESTERS FROM - ATTACKING THE EMBASSY AND IT WAS - ONLY AFTER THE ATTACK WAS - UNDERWAY AND THERE WAS DAMAGE TO - THE WALL AND THE RECEPTION AREA - THAT THEY CALLED IN THE IRAQI - COUNTERT - ARE THE EQUIVALENT TO HAVE THE - U.S. SPECIAL FORCES. - THIS ISSUE IS BROADER AND CAN BE - PUT IN A CUP OF CONTEST TEXTS. - THE IRAQI GOVERNMENT MAS HAST - PNOT DONE EUGH VENT THE - SHIITE MILITIAS, BUT THAT'S TOO - BROAD A CONCEPT, THESERREGULAR - FORCES THAT ARE NOW PART OF THE - IRAQI GOVERNMENT HAVE NOT BEEN

- CONTROLLED BY THE GOVERNMENT - ADEQUATELY TO PREVENT THEM FROM - CONDUCTING ATTACKS AGAINST IRAQI - INSTITUTIONS OR DIPLOMATIC - INSTITUTIONS. - SO THAT'S THE FIRST ISSUE. - THE SECOND ISSUE IS A LARGER - CONTEXT. - THERE IS STILL A CONTEXT OF IRAN - CONSISTENTLY TRYING TO POKE THE - UNITED STATES INTO ACTION. - YOU SAW - MONTHS AND MONTHS AGO, THE - SHOOTING DOWN OF THE U.S. DRONE - AND, MORE RECENTLYIN OCTOBER, - THE ATTACKS ON SAUDI ARAAN OIL - INSTALLATIONS CONDUCTED BY IRAN, - LOOKING FOR THAT PRESSURE POINT - THAT IS GOING TO GET THE UNITED - STATES TO REACT OR HOPEFULLY, IN - IRAN'S EYES, OVERREACT TO THE - IRANIAN PROVOCATION AND, UP - UNTIL THIS ATTACK THAT KILLED AN - AMERICAN, THERE WAS NOT A U.S. - MILITARY RESPONSE. - >> Schifrin: SARKAWT SHAMS, - THERE HAS BEEN A PUSH BY THE - SAME MILITIA THAT WE SAW DOING - THESE ATTACKS AND THIS - DEMONSTRATION OUTSIDE THE - EMBASSY TO EVICT THE U.S. FROM - IRAQ. - WILL PARLIAMENT NOW BE MORE

- LIKELY TO TAKE UP THE QUESTION - ECTING THE U.S. FROM IRAQ? - >> I DON'T THINK SO. - GOING TO HAPPEN IN THE - PARLIAMENT. - IT WAS NOT THE PARLIAMENT WHO - INVITED THE U.S. ARMY TO IRAQ, - IT WAS THE THEPRIME MINISTER - ABI AND CAME AT THE REQUEST OF - THE IRAQI GOVEIAMENT, NOT - PANT. - THE IRAQ MILITARY DOESN'T NEED - THE U.S. ARMY, WHICH I THINK - THEY NEED OW. - THEY CAN JUST ASK THEM TO LEAVE, - AND THEY WILL LEAVE EVENTUALLY - IN A FEW DAYS. - WE DON'T NEED A BILL IN THE - PARLIAMENT TO PUSH THE FOREIGN - FORCES, TAKING THE ISSUE, THE - CRISIS TO THE PARLIAMENT THAT - 'VSEEN THESE LEADERS, THEY - DON'T WANT THE U.S. FORCES TO - LEAVE, THEY JUST WANT TO SHOW UP - AND JUST MAKE IT A CASE FOR THE - THAT'S NOT A REAL STEP TOWARD - REMOVING U.S. FORCES IN IRAQ, - THAT'S JUST A POLITICASHOW. - >> Schifrin: MR. SHAMS, ARE - YOU WORRIED THE MITARY - RESPONSE WILL PLAY INTO IRAN'S - HAND?

- THE IRAN HAS BEEN GOADING THE - U.S. TO ATTACK AND ARE YOU - WORRIED IRAQ HAS BECOME THE MAIN - THEATER FOR THE PROXY WAR - BETWEEN THE U.S. AND IRAQ? - >> THAT'S ALREADY HAPPENING AND - THAT'S THE FEAR OF ALL IRAQIS, - INCLUDING THE KURDISH - GOVERNMENTIRAQ TO BE THROWN - INTO A PROXY WAR BETWEEN THE TWO - NATION. - BOTH NATIONS ARE IMPORTANT TO - IRAQ, BOTH HAVE STRATEGIC - LERELATIONS WITH IRAQ AND WE - CANNOT IGNORE AND FAVOR ONE OVER - THE OTHER ONE. - WE WANT BOTH COUNTES THAVE - THEIR CONFLICT RESOLVED - ELSEWHERE, NOT IN IRAQ. - HE ALREADY NOSE IRAQI - INSTITUTIONS ARE WEAK, THE - ECONOMIC INSTITUTIONS AND WE - INHAVE A PRIMETER WHO CAN - NOT REALLY EXECUTE HIS FULL - ONCONSTITU POWER DUE TO HE - RESIGNED AND WE ARE AWAITING A - NEW PRIME MINISTER. - VSO WE ARE INY FRAGILE AND - N,A VERY DANGEROUS REGND WE - REQUIRE SUPPORT FROM THE UNITED - STATES, AND WE KNOW THAT IT'S - REALLY EASY TO START A WAR, BUT

- IT IS GOING TO BE ALMOST - IMPOSSIBLE TO WIN THE PEACE. - Sifrin: THE REALITY IS -- - I WOULD REFRAME THE ENTIRE - QUESTION BECAUSE IT IS NOT A WAR - BETWEEN THE UNITED STATES AND - IRAN ON IRAQI TERRITORY. - THE GOALS OF THE UNITED STATES - IN IRAQ ARE INTERNATIONALLY - RECOGNIZED. - RYWE HAVE GOT A 17-COU - COALITION TO HELP IRAQ DEFEAT - I.S.I.S., FINALLY, AND TO TRAIN - AND MENTOR THE MILITARY. - WE HAVE BEEN WORKING WITH THE - I'M F, THE WORLD BANK, THE - UNITED NATIONS, THE EUROPEAN - UNION, N.A.T.O. AND A NUMBER OF - OTHER INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZES TO - BUILD IRAQI INSTITUTIONS SO IRAQ - CAN BE AN INDEPENDENT, SOVEREIGN - STATE AND EXERCISE ITS OWN - SOVEREIGNTY POSSIBLY IN THE - INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY. - IT IS IRAN THAT HAS BEEN - UNDERMINING THE IRANIAN -- THE - IRAQI CONSTITUTION, PUTTING ITS - OXFORCES OR SUPPORTERS INTO - POSITIONS IN THE IRAQI - GOVERNMENT AND NOT OBEYING THE - LAWS AND THE CONSTITUTION OF - IRAQ, AND SO, THIS IS NOT THE

- UNITED STATES VERSUS IRAN, TS - IS THE WORLD VERSUS IRAN, AND - E ALS OF IRAN E TO - ESSENTIALLY SWALLOW IRAQ - POLITICALLY, ECONOMICALLY AND - ELF SECURITY, STRATEGIC - DEPTH. - THE WORLD WANT TO SEE IRAQ FULLY - INTEGRATED INTO THE - INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY IN A - POSITIVE WAY. - >> Schifrin: SARKAWT SHAMS, - THERE HAS BEEN A PUSH BY THE - MILITIA THE SAME WAY WE SAW - THESE ATTACKS AND A PUSH OUTSIDE - THE EMMBASSY TO EVICT THE U.S. - FROM IRAQ. - LL PARLIAMENT BE MORE LIKELY - NOW TO TAKE UP THE QUESTION OF - EVICTING THE U.S. FROM IRAQ? - >> IFION'T THINK SO. - T OF ALL, IT WAS NOT THE - PARLIAMENT WHO INVITED THE - U.S. ARMY TO IRAQ, IT WAS THEN - THE PRIME MINISTER ADI THAT - CAME AT THE REQUEST OF THE IRAQI - GOVERNMENT, NOT THE PARLMENT. - THE IRAQI MILITARY STATE DOESN'T - NEED THE U.S. ARMY, WHICH I - THINK THEY NEED ANEM NOW. - THEYUST ASK THEM TO LEA - AND THEY WILL LEAVE EVENTUALLY - IN A FEW DAYS. - >> Schifrin: AMBASSADOR - SULEMAN, FORMER AMBASSADOR TO - IRAQ. - SARKAWT SHAMS, THANK YOU VERY - MUCH TO YOU BOTH. - >> THANK YOU.

- >> Schifrin: NORTH KOREA'S - LEADER KIM JONG-UN HAS ANNOUNCED - HE WILL NO LONGER ABIDE BY A - MORATORIUM ON NUCLEAR AND LONG- - RANGE MISSILE TESTS, AND HE - WARNED NORTH KOREANS OF A "LONG - CONFRONTATION WITH THE U.S." - DIRECT TALKS WITH THE TRUMP - ADMINISTRATION A STALLED. - FOR MORE ON ALL OF THIS, WE TURN - OKTO NAOKO AN ADJUNCT - POTICAL SCIENTIST FROM THE - RAND CORPORATION, AND A FORMER - URNALIST WHO HAS BEEN TO - NORTH KOREA 18 TIMES. - THANK YOU VERY MUCH, WELCOME TO - THE "NewsHour". - >> THANKn:OU. - >> SchifHAT ARE YOUR - MAIN TAKEAWAYS FROM KIM'S - STATEMENT? - A>> I THINK THIS AJOR - POLICY SHIFT FROM -- TO AN - ANSWER ON WEAPONS DEVEPMENT, - STRATEGIC WEAPONS DEVELOPMENT - AND AN EMFA SIGNS SELF-RELIANCE - IN TERMS OF THE ECONOMY AND THIS - IS BECAUSE NORTH KOREA SEES - OLONGED CONFRONTATION WITH THE - UNITED STATES, AND IT THINK IT'S - UNLIKELY THAT SANCTIONS WILL BE - LIFTED SOON. - >> Schifrin: SO LET'S TAKE

- EACH OF THOSE IN TURN. - THE FIRST ONE U TALKED ABOUT, - STRATEGIC WEAPON, THAT'S THE - .WORD THAT KIM US - LET'S TAKE A LISTEN TO A - NEWSCASTER READING WHAT KIM HAD - TO SAY ABOUT THAT. - >> HE CONFIRMED THAT THE WORLD - >> ( translated ): HE COIRMED - THAT THE WORLD WILL RATNESS A - NEW TEGIC WEAPON, TO BE - POSSESSED BY THE D.P.R.K. IN THE - NEAR FUTURE. - HE SAID THAT WE WILL RELIABLY - PUT ON CONSTANT ALERT THE - POWERFUL NUCLEAR DETERRENT - CAPABLE OF CONTAINING THE - NUCLEAR THREATS FROM THE U.S. - AND GUARANTEEING OUR LONG-TERM - SECURITY, NOTING THAT THE SCOPE - AND DEPTH OF BOLSTERING OUR - DETERRENT WILL BE PROPERLY - COORDINATED DEPENDING ON THE - U.S.'s FUTURE ATTITUDE TO THE - D.P.R.K. - chifrin: SO THERE IS TWO - POINTS THERE, ONE WHAT IS IS A - NEW STRATEGIC WEAPON, BUT ALSO - TEND PHRASE, "DEPEND TONG THE - U.S. ATTITUDE," HOW IMPORTANT - ARE THOSE TERMS? - N'>> WE DOT KNOW EXACTLY WHAT - THE NEW WEAPON WILL BE BUT IT IS - LIKELY TO BE SOMETHING - QUALITATIVELY NEW, SOME - COMPONENT, AT LEAST, BUT WE - DON'T KNOW WHAT THAT IS GOING TO - BE. - IT COULD BE SOMETHING TO ENHANCE

- THE SURVIVABILITY OF - NORTH KOREA'S NUCLEAR WEAPONS, - AND THE CONDITIONAL PART IS AL - IMPORTANT, AS WELL. - IF YOU READ THE REPORT - CAREFULLY, A LOT OF NDE THINGS - ARE IONAL ON WHAT THE - UNITED STATES WOULD DO. - SO T - FLEXIBILITY IN WHAT THE - NORTH KOREANS MAY DO. - >> Schifrin: FLEXIBILITY IN - OPENING SOHAT THESE TALKS - MAYBE AREN'T DEAD? - >> YES, SO THEY - COMPLETELY SHUT THE DOOR TO - DIPLOMACY, AND I THINKHAT IS - IMPORTANT, ALTHOUGH THINGS DO - NOT LOOK VERY OPTIMISTIC RIGHT - NOW. - >> Schifrin: AT THE TOP, YOU - LAID OUT THE TWO TAKEAWAYS, THE - TONE STRATEGIC WEAPON, BU, - ALSO THE MESSAGE OF RESILIENCE, - THE MESSAGE OF A LONG - CONFRONTATION WITH THE UNITED - STATES, AND WE'VE GO - LANGUAGE FROM KIM HIMSELF THAT I - , CAN RED LET'S READ THAT - RIGHT NOW. - HE SAID THE PRESENT SITUATION, - WARNING - WITH THE U.S., URGENTLY REQUIRES - US TO MAKE A FAIT ACCOLI THAT - WE HAVE TO LIVE UNDER SANCTION - TABIS HOSTILE FORCES IN THE - FUTURE, TOO, AND STRENGTHEN THE - INTERNAL POWER FROM AAWE - SUSPECTS.

- SO CUTTING THROUGH THE CHASE OF - THAT, YOU'VE GOT TO MESSAGES, - ONE, THE LONG CONFRONTATION, AND - WE HAVE TO BE RESILIENT, AS HE - SAID, RIGHT? - >> YEAH, THAT'S CORRECT. - SO KIM JONG UN IS PREPARING TO - PUBLIC FOR A LONG CONFRONTATION - WITHHE UNITED STATES WHICH MAY - INVOLVED -- WHICH IS LIKELY TO - INVOLVE SOME SORT OF SANCTIONS - FOR THE FORESEEABLE FUTURE, AND, - SO, LOWERING EXPECTATIINS FOR - THE LIOF SANCTIONS AND - PREPARING THE PUBLIC FOR - AECONOMIC HARDSHIAD. - >> Schifrin: AND WHAT'S THE - IMPLICATION OF THAAT - HAS HE SAID EFORE AND HOW - WILL NORTH KOREANS RECEIVE THAT? - >>ELL, IT'S A POLICY SHIFT - BECAUSE, IN APRIL 2018, HE SAID - THAT HIS POLICY OF PURSUING BOTH - ECONOMIC -- ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT - AND NUCLEAR ARMS DEVELOPMENT AT - E THE SAME TS BEEN - ACCOMPLISHED, AND HE'S GOING TO - SHIFT MORE EMPHAS ON THE - ECONOMY. - WELL, THIS IS SORT OF GOING BACK - TO THAT POINT WHERE, WELL, THE - UNITED STATES, FROM THE - NORTH KOREAN POINT OF VIEW, THE

- UNTHED STATES IS CONTINUING - THIS ANTI-NORTKOREA, ITS - HOSTILE POLICY TOWARD - NORTH KOREA AND, THEREFORE, WE - HAVE TO STRENGTHEN BOTH. - n:>> SchifTRENGTHEN BOTH - THE ECONOMY OR THE NLEAR - WEAPONS OR THE NUCLEAR SYSTEM - AND THAT'S THE STRATEGIC WHICH - LEADS TO THE TAKEAWAY. - SO, I MEAN, IF EHE'S TALKING - ABOUT A LONG CONFRONTATION, HE'S - TALKING ABOUT NEW WEAPONS, AND - THE U.S.S NOT BUDGING, AS FAR - AS WE KNOW, ARE WE GOING TO GO - TOWARD MORE CONFRONTATION AND - MORE BACK TO WHERE WE WERE IN - 2017, FIRE AND FURY? - >> WELL, THAT'S CERTAINLY A - POSSIBILITY. - AND TENSIONS ARE LIKELY TO RISE, - BUT WE DON'T QUITE KNOW YET BY - W MUCH AND THAT WILL DEPEND A - LOT ON WHAT BOTH SIDES DO. - >> Schifrin: SO MEANING THE - NECESSARILY HAVE TO GO DOWN THE - TAPATH OF MORE CONFRON NOR - WILL NORTH KOREA GO DOWN THE - PATH ITSELF? - TI>> THAT'S THE STIC VIEW, - OF COURSE, BUT WE COULD - F CERTAINLY SEE A RETURNAT - WE SAW IN 2017, BUT IT COULD, - GIVEN THE POLITICAL U.S. - PRESIDENTIAL ELECTIONS, THE - POLITICA

- ELSE, IT COULD MEAN IT COULD BE - SOMEWHERE BELOW THAT. - >> MEANING THE UNITED STATES AND - THE TRUMP ADMINISTRATION RIGHT - SNOW AS Y IT HAS NOER IN - RATCHETING UP TENSIONS? - AND ALSO NORTH KOREA NITE - WANT TO ANTAGONIZE CHINA, FOR - EXAMPLE, BY CONDUCTING ICBM - TESTS OR NUCLEAR TESTS, SO THAT - IS ALSO A FACTOR TT COULD PLAY - IN THEIR CALCULATIONS. - >> Schifrin: NAOKO AOKI OF - RAND CORPORATION, THANK YOU VERY - MUCH. - >> THANK YOU. - >> Schifrin: ON THE FINAL DAY - OF 2019, ILLINOIS GOVERNOR - ONJ.B. PRITZKER PA MORE THAN - 11,000 PEOPLE CONVICTED FOR - POSSESSING LOW LEVELS OF - CANNABIS. - HE SAID HUNDREDS OF THOUSANDS OF - OTHERS COULD SEE THEIR - RECORDS EXPUNGED. - >> WE ARE GIVING PPLE A NEW - LEASE ON LIFE. - WE WILL NEVER BE ABLE TO FULLY - REMEDY THE DEPTH OF THE MAGE - THAT'S BEEN DONE, BUT TODAY,

- HERE IN ILLINOIS, WE CAN GOVERN - CWITH TRAGE TO RIGHT THE - HEONGS OF THE PAST. - >> Schifrin:OVERNOR'S - IANNOUNCEMENT CAME INOIS - BECOMES TODAY THE 11th STATE TO - LEGALIZE MARIJUANA.NS - AS LISA DESJARXPLAINS, - THAT'S JUST ONE EXAMPLE OF - SCOR OF NEW LAWS GOING INTO - EFFECT TOD ACROSS THE COUNTRY. - >> CONGRESS AND THE PRESIDENT - HAVE BEEN DOM NIGHT ALMOST - HMONOPOLIZING TDLINES - LATHY, BUT THE STATES ARE - ARGUABLY DOING MORE THAT CHANGES - THE LAW, INCLUDING A SWEEP OF - NEW STATE LAWS GOING INTO EFFECT - TODAY, FROM CRIMINAL JUSTICE - REFORMS AN - TO THE COST OF ELECTRIC CARS. - REED WILSON A CORRESPONDENT AND - JOINS US FROM THE "NewsHour" - WEST STUDIO. - LET'S START WITH CRIMINAL - JUSTICE REFORM. - ILLINOIS HAS WIPED OUT THOUSANDS - OF ARRESTS AND REVSE

- CONVICTIONS OVER MARIJUANA, A - SMALL AMOUNT OF MARIJUANA - POSSESSION AS PART OF THE - LEGALIZATION OF THE DRUG FOR - RECREATIONAL USE, BUT THIS IS - ALSO A PART OF A BROADER - IMAL JUSTICE REFORM ACROSS - THE COUNTRY. - TAKE US THROUGH WHAT'S - HAPPENING. - >> YEAH, WE'VE SEEN CONGRESS - ACTING ON CRIMINAL JUSTICE - REFORM AS ONE OF THE MAJOR - INITIATIVES THIS YEAR, BASICALLY - E LY THING THEY COULD AGREE - ON ON A BIPARTISAN BASIS. - BUT IT - STATES, AND WE'VE SEEN THE PUSH - TOWARD EXPUNGING RECORDS FOR - S,MINOR DRUG C ESPECIALLY IN - STATES WHERE MARIJUANA IS NOW - LEGAL, AND WE'VE IEEN THIS - EFFOPLACES LIKE - CALIFORNIA, NEW JERSEY AND - ELSEWHERE. - S,NOW, OF COURSE, IN ILLINS - THEIR RECREATIONAL MARIJUANA LAW - TAKES EFFECT. - IN OTHER STATES, NEW YORKDEAS - CASH BAIL. - IT'S ANOTHER ONE OF THE -- - ANOTHER TREND WE'RE STARTING TO - SEE IN BLUER STATES, A - RECOGNITION THAT A LOT OF - COLOW- RESIDENTS WHO FIND - THEMSELVES IN JAIL CAN'T AFFORD - TO BAIL THEMSELVES OUT AND, IN - SOME CASES, PLEAD GUILTY TO - CRIMES THEY HAVEN'T COMMITTED

- MJUST IN ORDER TORE GET T - OVALS OUT OF JAIL QUICKLY. - AND IN STATES LIKE NEW JERSEY - AND KENTUCKY, WE'VE SEEN A PUSH - TOWARDS REENFRANCHISING FELONS - WHO WERE ONCE IN JAIL AND NOW, - ONCE THEY'RE O OF JAIL, GET - THE RIGHT TO VOTE BACK. - THE THEORY BEHIND IT IS - BASICALLY THE MORE YOU ARE - REINTEGRATED INTO YOUR - COMMUNITY, THE LESS LIKELY YOU - ARE TO OFFEND AGAIN AND HEAD - BACK TO JAIL. - >> I ALSO WANT TO TALK ABOUT - MINIMUM WAGES GOING UP. - CURRENTLY, THE FEDERAL MINIMUM - WAGE, AS PEOPLE KNOW, $7.25 AN - HOUR, THAT'S ABOUT $15,000 FOR - SOMEONE WORKING FU-TIME. - BUT NOW WE'RE SEEING TODAY, 21 - STATES ARE SEEING INCREASES IN - THEIR MINIMUM WAGES. - WHAT'S MOTIVATING THESE STATES - TO HAVE A HIGHER MINIMUM WAGE - GOING FORWARD? - >>E FEDERAL MINIMUM WAGE - HAS NOT CHANGED SINCE 2009, AND, - AS YOU CAN IMAGINE, INFLATION - HAS NOT SLOWED DOWN AND - BASICALLY MAKES THAT PURCHES - POWER OF THAT $15,000 FAR LESS - THAN IT WAS A DECADE AGO. - WHAT WE'VE SEEN IN RECENT YEARS - IS A PUSH BOTH THROUGH STATE - LEGISLATORS AND BALLOT - INITIATIVES TO RAISE THE MINIM

- WAGE TO 12, 13, 14, EVEN $15 AN - HOUR, AND WHAT A LOT OF THE - STATES - INCREMENTAL PROCESS. - ONE STATE MIGHT PASS A BILL TO - RAISE THE MIMUM WAGE TO $15 AN - HOUR BUT, BY, SAY, 2022. - N HOURWILL RISE A DOLLAR - THIS YEAR AND ANOTHER DOLLAR AN - HOUR NEXT YEAR TO LESSENHE - BURDEN AND ALSO RAISE THE - MINIMUM WAGE. - ANOTHER THING WE'VE SEEN ACROS - ISTHEAR IS TEACHER - SALARIES ON THE RISE. - YOU MIGHT REMEMBER, ABOUT A YEAR - AND A LF AGO, THERE WERE - SIGNIFICANT TEACHER STRIKES IN - KENTUCKY AND OKLAHOMA DEMANDING - HIGHER WAG. - DEMOCRATS AND REPUBLICANS DIDN'T - MEWANT TO SEE THE TRIKES IN - THEIR OWN BACKYARD. - SO IN PLACES LIKE ARIZONA WHERE - I AM NOW THEY PROAIVELY RAISED - TEACHERS' PAY. - >> TEXTING AND DRIVING, I THINK - FLORIDA IS MAKE THAT A PRIMARY - OFFENSE NOW.

- >> ONE OF THE THINGS WE'RE - SEEING IS GOVERNMENTS ACROSS THE - COUNTRY ARE TRYING TO FIGURE OUT - HOW TO HANDLE THE BIG TECH - GIANTS THAT ARE DISRUPTING SO - MANY INDUSTRIES ACROSS THE - COUNTRY, WHETHER A BILL LIKE - CALIFORNIA'S AB5 WHICH TREATS - DIG WORKERS FOR UBER, LYFT AND - S,OR DASH AS ACTUAL EMPLOY - THAT PASSED LAST YEAR AND WILL - TAKE EFFECT IN THE NEW YEAR, - THOU - COMPANIES I JUST MENTIONED. - IN STATES THAT ARE RAISING COSTS - 'SOF ELECTRIC VEHICLES, TH - RECOGNITION THAT, AS MORE OF US - BUY PRIUS OR TESLAS OR SMINGS - LIKE THA THE REVENUE FROM GAS - TAXES WILL GO DOWN. - PEOPLE PUTTING LESS GAS IN THEIR - CAR MEANS LESS MONEY FOR ROADS - AND INFRASTRUCTURES IN THE - STATES, SO THE STES ARE TRYING - TO FIGURE OUT HOW TO RE - THE NEW TYPES OF ELECTRIC CARS - SO THE DRIVERS OF THOSE CARSRE - STILL PAYING INTO THE FUND THAT - PAY FOR OUR NATIONAL - INFRASTRUCTURE. - >> WHAT ARE STATES LIKELY TO BE - TALKING ABOUT THIS YEAR? - >> I THINK WE'LL SEE THREE BROAD - TRENDS THAT HAVE SOME FORM OF - BIPARTISAN COOPET TION. - THE FI ABOUT NCAA ATHLETES

- AND WHETHER OR NOT THEY CAN - PROFIT OFF THE USE OF THEIR - IMAGE ENLIGHUPMENT. - CALIFORNIA PASSED A BILL LAST - YEAR THAT WOULD ALLOW ATHLETES - TO GET MON IMR FROM ENDORSENT - DEAL OR VIDEO GAME APPEARANCES - AND WE'VE SEEN A NUMBER OF BILLS - INTRODUCED IN BIPARTISAN BASIS - IN MINNESO, FLORIDA AND - NEW YORK AND I THINK THAT'S - GOING AROUND THE COUNTRY NEXT - YEAR. - ANOTHER THING SORT OF RELATED IS - SPTS BETTING. - SPORTS BETTING IS A - BILLION-DOLLAR INDUSTRY AND SOME - ARE SAYING THEY WILL BE ABLE TO - TAKE SOME FORM OF REVENUE IN A - F TAX FROM WHAT HAS - OTHERWISE BEEN AN UNDERGROUND - ECONOMY. - EGWE'VE SEENLATION PASS - OPENED A BIPARTISAN BASIS IN - 20SEVERAL STATES I AND THAT - TREND WILL CONTINUE IN 2020. - THE LAST THING I WOULD POINT TO - IS STATE BUDGETS. - WE'VE GONE THROUGH A DECADE OF - ECONOMIC EXPANSIONKE - STATES HAVE IN MORE - REVENUE THAN BUDGET FOR, THAT'S - GOOD, BUT STATES ARE WORRIED - ABT THE DOWNTURN. - RECOVERY WON'T LAST FOREVER SO A

- LOT - MILLIONS IF NOT BILLIONS AWAY IN - THE RAIN AE DAY FUNDS, ALMOST - DOUBLED WHAT THEY WERE ALREADY - FROM THE LAST RECESSION. - STIO A BIT OF A BIPN - AGREEMENT, TRYING TO SAVE MONEY - NOW IN ADVANCE OF WHAT'SOING - TO BE AN ECONOMIC DOWNTURN - WHETHER NEXT YEAR OR A COUE OF - YEARS DOWN THE ROAD. - >> REID, THANKS FOR WATCHING THE - STATE GOVERNMENTS. - REID WILSON OF THE HAPPY HILL - NEW YEAR - >> THANKS, LISA, YOU, TOO. - >> Schifrin: THERE'S NO PLACE - FURTHER SOUTH ON EARTH THAN - ANTARCTICA, A VIRTUALLY - UNINHABITED CONTINENT, COVERED - ALMOST ENTIRELY BY ICE. - WILLIAM BRANGHAM TRAVELED THERE - LASTINTER TO MEET A MAN WHO' - DEDICATED HIS LIFE TO STUDYING - THREE SPECIES OF PENGUINS, AND - HOW THEY ARE ADAPTING TO A - RAPIDLY-CHANGING ENVIRONMENT. - AITENCORE REPORT IN OUR - WEEKLY SERIES, "LEADING EDGE OF - SCIENCE." - >> HI, BUDDY. - >> Brangham: FOR MORE THAN - 35 YEARS, RON NAVEENEEN

- COMING EVERY YEAR TO ANTARCTICA - TO DO SOMETHING HE STILL CAN'T - BELIEVE HE GETS PAID FOR: - RESEARCH AND COUNT PENGUINS. - >> I CAN'T BELIEVE IT. - I HAVE THE BEST JOB ON THE - .PLAN - >> Brangham: IS THAT RIGHT? - >> WELL, I'M A PENGUIN COUNTER, - FOR GOD'S SAKE. - T,CAN'T BEAT TAN YOU? - ( LAUGHTER ) - >> Brangham: NO, I DON'T THINK - YOU CAN. - NAVEEN IS FORMER LAWYER FOR - THE ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION - AGENCY, BUT HE LEFT GOVERNMEHE - WORK BACK IN980s TO START - OCEANITES, A NON-PROFIT THAT - TRACKS THE HLTH OF THREE - PENGUIN SPECIES THAT BREED ON - THE ANTARCTIC PENINSULA. - IT'S HOME TO MILLIONS OF THESE - CHARMING, OCCASIONALLY AWKWARD, - FLIGHTLESS BIRDS. - >> THEY'RE REALLY FUNNY. - THEY'RE LIKE LITTLE HUMAN - BEINGS. - THEY'RE WADDLING AROUND ALL THE - TIME. - THEY LOOK KIND OF SILLY AND - STUPID AND LE FOR DINNER, D - ALL THAT STUFF. - BUT THEY'RE JUST CUTE AS HELL, - AND I LOVE SPENDING TIME - WATCHING THEIR BEHAVIORS. - >> Brangham: THE ANTARCTIC - PENINSULA IS THE 800-ME-LONG - STRETCH OF LAND THAT BRANCHES

- OFF FROM THE NORTHWEST CORNER OF - THE CONTINENT. - THIS REGION HAS EN WARMING - FASTER THAN ALMOST ANYWHERE ELSE - IN THE WORLD. - AND NAVEEN SAYS THAT WARMING IS - HAVING A DRAMATIC IMPACT ON - PENGUINS. - >> BECAUSE I HAVE BEEN COMING - HERE FOR SO LONG, I HAVE SEEN - THESE CHANGES. - I HAVE SEEN THE PENGUIN - PULATIONS OF CERTAIN COLONIES - THIN OUT PRETTY DRAMATICALLY. - ONE COLONY THAT WE STUDI AT - DECEPTION ISLAND HAS GONE FROM - AN ESTIMATED 90,000 BREEDING - 00PAIRS, TO 50,0OR FEWER. - >> Brangham: WOW. - EW>> 50,000 OR F. - >> Brangham: 90,000 DOWN TO - 50,000? - >> YES. - >> Brangham: THAT'S A HUGE - DROP-OFF. - >> RIGHT. - BUT THESE PENGUINS CAN TEACH US - THSOMETHINABOUT LIFE O - PLANET. - >> Brangham: WE FIRST MET NAVEEN - AND HIS COLLEAGUE, SEABIRD - BIOLOGIST GRANT HUMPHRIES, IN - E UTHERN ARGENTINEAN CITY OF - USHUAIA. - THEY WERE PREPARING FOR THEIR - ANNUAL TRIP SOUT - THERE, THEY MET WITH DR. HEATHER - LYNCH, AN EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGIST - FROM STONY BROOK UNIVERSITY, WHO - WAS JUST RETURNING FROM A - TISIMILAR EXPE. - SHE AND NAVEEN HAVE LONG - PARTNERED IN THIS PENGUIN - RESEARCH.

- >> SOME SPECIES ARE GOING TO BE - MAJOR CLIMATE CHANGE WINNERS, - AND THERE ARE GOING TO BE OTR - SPECIES THAT ARE NO LONGER ABLE - TO THRIVE ON THE ANTARCTIC - PENINSULA. - AND THE CHANGES THAT WE HAVE - SEEN HAVE BEEN SO RAPID THAT - IT'S REALLY IMPORTANT THAT WE'RE - DOWN HERE EVERY YEAR TO MONITOR - THEM. - >> Brangham:HE RESEARCH TEAMS - HITCH RIDES ON THE VARIOUS - TOURIST SHIPS WILLING TO GIVE - IFTHEM ATO THE BOTTOM OF THE - WORLD. - AND FOR MORE THAN TWO WEEKS, WE - FOLLOWED NAVEEN AND HUMPHRIES ON - THISEMARKABLE CONTINENT, AS - THEY TRUDGED THROUGH SNOW, HIKED - UP ROCKY PEAKS, AND WENTNTO - AREAS FEW HUMANS ARE ALLOWED TO - SEE. - THE THREE DIFFERENT SPECIES THEY - HAVE BEEN TRACKING HERE ARE - ADELIES, WITH THE DISTINCT WHITE - CIRCLE ROUND THEIR EYES; - CHINSTRAPS, NAMED FOR THAT THIN - MARKING ACROSS THEIR FACES; AND - GENTOOS, WITH THE ORANGE BEAKS. - >> ANTARCTIC PENGUINS ARE JUST - UNBELIEVABLE ANIMALS. - THEY HAVE BEEN AROUND FOR - 60 MILLION YEARS. - >> Brangham: GRANT HUMPHRIES - SAYS THESE BIRDS HAVE LONG - AND THRIVED IN SOME OF - THE MOST INHOSPITABLE TERRAIN ON - THE PLANET. - >> THEY LOOK LIKE RUGBY BALLS, - YOU KNOW? - ( LAUGHTER ) - THEY JUST DON'T LOOK LIKE

- THEY'RE MADE FOR ANYTHING, AND - HERE WE ARE ON T OF THIS HILL - HERE. - THEY HAVE COME UP FROM THE WATER - AND HIKED UP THROUGH DEEP SNOW, - UP OVER THE ROCKS AND ALL THAT - TO GET UHERE. - AND IT'S NOT LIKE THEY HAVE - HANDS. - I AN, IT IS SPECTACULAR HO - HARDY THESE ANIMALS ARE. - >> Brangham: THE SOU THAT WE - HEAR THEM MAKING, WHEN THEY PUT - THEIR HEAD UP, AND MAKE THAT - CRY, WHAT ARE THEY DOING THERE? - >> THEY'RE DISPLAYING ONE TO - ANOTHER, HEE-HAW, HEE-HAW, THE - DONKEY CALL OF THE PENGUIN. - >> Brangm: BUT ARE THEY - COMMUNICATING SOMETHING WITH - THAT? - >> THIS IS MY NEST. - YORE MY MATE. - THIS IS MY TERRITORY. - >> Brangham: IN THE SUMMER, WHEN - IT'S A BALMY 20 TO 30 DEGREES - OUT, THE BIRDS SEEK OUT SOME - CLEAR GROUND, WHERE THEY BUILD - THESE PILES OF ROCKS FOR NESTS. - AFTER THEIR CHICKS HATCH, THE - PENGUINS HEAD BACK TO SEA FOR - THE WINTER. - PENGUINS ARE GENERALLY - MONOGAMOUS. - ROUGHLY 80TO 90% STICK - TOGETHER FOR LIFE. - THAT DOESN'T MEAN, THOUGH, THAT - WHEN THEY COME BACK TO NEST EA - SUMMER, IT'S ALL MARITAL BLISS. - >> THE ME WILL COME BACK, - CLAIM HIS ROS, AND START

- DISPLAYING. - AND, HOPEFULLY... - >> Brangham: THAT'S THE "COME - HITHER, LADIES," SOUND?>> - COME BACK TO ME, MY LADY - FROM LAST YEAR." - AND SHE HOPEFULLY WILL SHOW UP - WITHIN 10 OR 14 DAYS. - AND, IF SHE DOESN'T, HE'S GOING - TO TAKE AND GET IT ON WITH - AWHATEVERILABLE FEMALE COMES - BY. - I MEAN, HE'S READY TO GO. - AND, OF COURSE, YOU SEE THESE - FIGHTS, WHICH ARE PRESUMABLY - BETWEEN THE TWO FEMALES WHEN - WIFE NUMBER ONE SHOWS UP LATE, - FINDS SOMEBODY ELSE IN THE - HOUSE, AND THEY HAVE A BATTLE - ROYAL. - >> Brangham: BECAUSE SHEANTS - TO BE BACK WITH HER MATE FROM - BEFORE? - >> WELL, SHE DOESN'T UNDERSTAND - WHO THIS OTHER BIRD IS THAT IS - SITTING IN THE NEST, AND HE'SLA - GOT A LOT OF EING TO DO. - ( LAUGHTER ) - >> Brangham: LIFE HEREOR THE - BIRDS HAS NEVER BEEN EASY. - THERE ARE PREDATORS EVERYWHERE, - FROM THE SEA, LIKE THIS LEOPOMD - SEAL, AND HE SKY, LIKE - THESE SKUAS FLYING OVERHEAD, - CONSTANTLY RAIDING PENGUIN - NESTS. - BUT NOW THEY'RE FACING A HOST OF - NEW THREATS. - KRILL, THE TINY SHRIMP-LIKE - CREATUREWHICH ARE THE

- PENGUINS' MAIN FOOD SOURCE, ARE - DECLINING. - THEY'RE BEING HEAVILFISHED TO - SUPPLY THE BOOMING FISH- - SUPPLEMENT INDUSTRY, AND - EVERYTHING DOWN HERE EATS KRILL, - INCLUDING THE RESURGENT - POPULATION OF WHALES. - BUT CLIMATE CHANGE IS ALSO - BELIEVED TO BE HARMING THEM. - THAT'S FORCING PENGUINS TO DIVE - DEEPER AND TRAVEL FURTHER IN - HOPES OF FINDING FOOD. - THE WARMING ON THE PENINSULA IS - ALSO CAUSING ANOTHER, SEEMINGLY - --CONTRADICTORY FEORE - SNOWFALL, WHICH MAKES IT HARDER - FOR THE BIRDS TO BREED. - AT SEEMS COUNTERINTUITIVE, - THAT A WARMING ENVIRONMENT - BRGS MORE COLD SNOW. - >> YES. - EETHE INTERACTION BETHAT - WARMER AIR AND THE COLD SEA - SURFE TEMPERATURE MEANS THAT - YOU'RE ACTUALLY GETTING SORT OF - MORE EVAPORATION. - YOU'RE GETTING RAIN. - YOU'RE GETTING SNOW. - THINGS T - HAPPEN ON THE PENINSULA OVER THE - COURSE OF A WHOLE SEASON. - AND THAT HEAVY SNOWFALL EVENTS - THESE BIRDS FROM BEING ABLE TO - BREED, BECAUSE IT PACKS DOWN ON - TOP OF THEM. - THE NESTS FAIL. - >> Brangham: IT'S ALL LED TO A - RAPID DE - THE PENINSULA.RDS ON

- ADELIE POPULATIONS HAVE DROPPED - 75BY NEARLSINCE 1990. - CHINSTRAPS HAVE, IN SOME - ONCATIONS, DROPPED BY HALF. - >> WE'RE QUITERNED ABOUT - ADELIES AND CHINSTRAPS. - WE'RE SEEING COLONIES THAT ARE - CLOSE TO BLINKING OUT, - AND IT COULD VERYELL BE LIKELY - THAT, IN OUR LIFETIME, WE WILL - SEE ADELIE AND CHINSTRAP - PENGUINS COMPLETELY DISAPPEAR - THE ANTARCTIC PENINSULA - >> Brangham: BUT, REMARKABLY, - THE GENTOOS ARE ACTUALLY - THRIVING--HEIR NUMBERSAVE - GROWN SIX-FOLD OVER THE SAME - PERIOD. - RESEARCHERS BELIEVE IT'S BECAUSE - THEY HAVE ADAPTED AND ARE NOW - EATING MORE FISH, INSTEAD OF - KRILL. - AND, AS THE BREEDI SEASON GETS - HARDER, THEY'RE RE-LAYING THEIR - EGGS A SECOND TIME. - >> THERE'S A REAL LESSON FOR US, - ATTHAS PEOPLE, AS COMMUNITIES, - AS CITIES, WE'RE ALL GOING TO - HAVE TO FIGURE OUT WHAT'S GOING - TO WORK IN THE FUTURE. - D IT MAY LOOK VERY DIFFERENT - THAN WHAT'S WORKED IN THE PAST. - >> PENGUINS ARE US, YOU MIGHT - SAY. - THEY BREATHE THE SAME AIR. - THEY HAVE TO HAVE FOOD, A GOOD - HOME, A GOOD ENVIRONMENT. - IF ONE OF THOSE FALLS OUT OF - SYNCH, IT'S TROUBLING. - SO, MY QUESTION, YOU MIGHT SAY,

- IN A VERY GENERAL, EUPHEMISTIC - WAY, AREE GOING TO BE GENTOOS - E IN THE FUTURE, OR OING - TO HAVE A SINKING POPULATION, - LIKE SE OF THE CHINSTRAP AIO - ADELIE POPUL? - >> Brangham: MEANING, ARE WE - GOING TO FIGURE OUT EITHER HOW - TO STOP THIS WARMING OR HOW TO - ADAPT TO IT? - 'T>> I DNOW IF WE'RE GOING - TO BE ABLE TO STOP IT. - WHAT I HAVE BEEN FOCUSING A LOT - UPON IS WHETHER WE'RE GOING TO - BE ABLE TO ADAPT. - >>m: BrangT 73, RON NAVEEN - IS ALSO LEARNING TO ADAPT. - ONNEW TECHNOLOGIES LIKE DR AND - SATELLITES ARE NOW USED TOCOOUNT - PENGUIN NIES FROM ABOVE. - BUT HE SAYS OLD-FASHIONED MANUAL - COUNTERS LIKE HIM WILL ALWAYS BE - NEEDED TO VERIFY WHAT'S - PPING ON THE GROUND. - AND EVEN AFTER ALL THESE YEARS, - HE ADMITS THAT SAYING GOODBYE TO - THIS MAGICAL PLACE IS NEVER - EASY. - >> I GET VERY WISTFUL AND TEARY- - EYED, TO BE HONEST. - IT'S MY LAST DAY IN THE - ANTARCTIC FOR THIS SEASON. - I DO WANT TO COME BACK. - I'M INTENDING TO COME BACK.

- I HAVE BEEN DOING THIS FOREVER. - I WANT-- I'M NOT READY TO HANG - ENUP THEIN CLICKER. - BUT I WILL HAVE A FEW MOMENTS - LATER THIS AFTERNOONITH MY - FAVORITE GUYS, SITTING DOWN - THERE COMMUNING WITH THEM. - AND I WILL GO BACK TO THE SHIP - AND HAVE A BIG FAT SMILE ON MY - I'CE. - THE LUCKIEST GUY ON THE - PLANET. - OR>> Brangham: FHE PBS - NEWSHOUR, I'M WILLIAM BRANGHAM - IN ANTARCTICA. - >> Schifrin: COMMUNITIES ACROSS - THE COUNTRY HAVE SEEN THEIR - LOCAL NEPAPERS PRINT FEWER - PAGES, LESS FREQUENTLY, AND IN - SOME CASES, WITNESSED THOSE - NEWSROOMS COLLAPSE ENTIRELY. - SEVERAL RECENT STUDIES PAINT A P - GRTURE OF THE DECLINE IN - LOCAL NEWSPAPERS IN THE U.S. AND - THE IMPACT IT'S HAVING ON OUR - POLITICS. - JEFFREY BROWN HAS OUR LOOK. - A RECENT REPORT BY PAN

- AMERICA WAS ENTITLED LOSING THE - NEWS, A DECIMATION OF LOCAL - FOJOURNALISM AND THE SEARC - SOLUTIONS, AND THE EVIDENCE - COMES IN NEWS ROOM JOBS LOST AND - .PAPERS SHUT DO - ACCORDING TO THE REPORT, AT - LEAST 200 COTIES IN THE U.S. - HAVE NO NEWSPAPER AT ALL. - THE INTERNETOF COURSE, HELPED - CHANGE THE ECONOMICS OF THE NEWS - BUSINESS, AS ADVERTISING - GRATED ONLINE, AND THE - INTERNET OFFERS NEW WAYS FOR ALL - OF US TO GET NEWS, BUT WHAT'S - HAPPENING AND WHAT'S BEEN LOST - AT THE LOCAL LEVEL? - FOR THAT, I'M JOINED BY CHUCK - PLUNKETT, HE A FORMER EDITORIAL - PAGE EDITOR FOR "THE DENVER - POST." - IN 2018 HE PROTESTED LAYOFFS OF - THE NEWS ROOM STAFF AFTER THE - PAPER WAS TAKEN OVER BY A HEDGE - FUND. - HE'S NOW DIRECTORS OF THE NEWS - CORPORATION AT THE UNIVERSITY OF - COLORADO-BOUER, A MEDIA - PROGRAM FOR STUDENT JOURNALISTS. - AND CHARLES SENNOTT, A VETERAN - FJOURNALIST ANDERRENNED - C.E.O. OF GROUNDTRUTH PROJECT - FOTHAT FOUNDED REPORAMERICA - WHICH HELPS TRAIN AND REPLACE

- REPORTERS IN LOCAL NOMS. - WELCOME TO BOTH OFNNOU, CHARLES - T, HELP US DEFINE THE - PROBLEM AND ITS CAUSES. - IN BAD TERMS, HOW DO YOU - DESCRIBE THE CURRENT SITUATION? - >> I THINK THE CSIS IN - JOURNALISM IN AMERICA HAS BECOME - A REAL CRISIS FOR OUR DEMOCRACY. - AS YOU POINTED OUT, THERE ARE - NRZS ACROSS THE COUNTRY THAT - ARE SEEING THEIR STAFFS - DECIMATED. - ITWE ARE SEEING COMMS WHERE - THEIR NEWS ORGANIZATIONS HAVE - P CLOSEDD GONE AWAY. - THERE ARE 2,000 NEWSPAPERS THAT - HAVE COMPLETELY SHUT DOWN, 2,000 - COMMUNITIES WITHOUT A NEWSPAPER. - 1300 NO LONGER HAVE ANY LOCAL - NEWS COVERAGE AT ALL, NO ONE - WATCHING THE STORE FROM ALL - TOWNS TO MEDIUM-SIZED CITIES. - WHEN WE LOSE 30,000 REPORTING - JOBS, AS WE HAVE IN THE LAST TEN - YEARS, WHAT WE LOSE SAN ABILITY - FOR US TO HAVE A SHARED SET OF - FACTS ON A LOCAL LEVEL, AND FOR - US TO HAVE A CIVIC DEBATE ON A - LOCAL LEVEL, AND I THINK WE'RE - REALLY SING A FRAYING OF - COMMUNAS A RESULT. - >> Brown: SO, CHUCK PLUNKETT,

- YOU'VE SEEN THIS UP CLOSE. - PUT IT IN SPECIFIC AND EVEN - PERSONAL TERMS, WHAT'S NOT - GETTING COVERED? - WH ARE WE MISSING? - >> I MEAN, HERE IN DENVER, IT'S - A PERFECT EXAMPLE. - APIT'SNING ACROSS THE - COUNTRY. - WHEN I STARTED AT "THE POST" IN - 20RE03, THERE EARLY 300 - JOURNALISTS, NOW THERE ARE 70. - THAT'S - COVERING THE CITY HALL, THE - STATE HOUSE, THE IMPORTANT BEATS - LIKE COPS, BUSINESS. - STUDIES HAVE SHOWN WHEN THERRT - ARE FEWER RES IN - COMMUNITIES THAT CORRUPTION - INITABLY STARTS TO GROW, TAXES - START TO GO UP, VOTER - ICIPATION STARTS TO DROP - >> BrownI MENTIONED, OF - COURSE, THE CHANGING BUSINESS - MODEL AND YOU BOTH HAVE WATCHED - THAT, SO, IN THE INTERIM AND - ONSOME OF THE SOLU CHARLIE, - YOU'RE ADDRESSING ONE OF THEM, - IT IS PART OF THIS NONPROFIT - MOVEMENT. - TELL US ABOUT YOUR PROJECT. - SE. - WHAT WE'RE TRYING TO SAY IS WE - NEED TO HAVE A MOVEMENT TO - CONFRONT THIS CHALLENGE TO LOCAL

- REPORTING IN AMERICA, SO WE - STARTED REPORT FOR AMERICA AS A - REAL SERVICE PROJECT TO SAY, - THIS IS A CALL TO SERVICE FOR A - NEW GENERATION OF JOURNALISTS TO - COME FORWARD AND SERVE THESE - LOCAL COMMUNITIES. - AS CHUCK POINTED OUT, THERE ARE - GREET NEEDS TO COVER EDUCATION, - TO COVER HEALTH ISSUES, TO COVER - RURAL AREAS WHERE NO ONE IS - REALLY HAVING THEIR STORY TOLD, - SO WHAT WE ARE TRYING TO DO IS - CREATE A KIND OF TEACH FOR - ARAMERICA OR CITY OR - JOURNALISM AND TO DEPLOY YOUNG - JOURNALISTS IN THE HOST NEWS - ROOM. - THE HOST NEWS ROOMS WILL NOW - TAKE IN 1250 REPORT FOR AMERICA - CORPS MEMBERS, AS WE CALL THEM, - REAND WE'RLY TRYING TO PUT - BOOTS ON THE GROUND SO WE CAN - SAY THE BEST WCONFRONT THE - CRISIS IS GOING TO BE WITH REAL - LHUMAN BEINGS DOING R - REPORTING AND ANSWERING THE - NEED. - >> Brown: CHUCK, IF TH - ECONOMICS DON'T WORK SO WELL - ANYMORTHE WAY THEY - TRADITIONALLY DID FOR YOUR - INDUSTRY, IS IT ONLY PROJECTS - LIKE THAT, NONOFIT,

- EXPERIMENTAL, RELATIVELY SMALL, - EVEN IF TRYING TO -- EVEN IF - HAVING AN IMPACT IN? - >> EVERY LITTLE BIT HELPS, JEFF. - I FEAR THAT WE NEED IGMETHING - MUCHR THAN THAT. - FOR YEARS AND YEARS AND YEARS, - BEFORE THE RISE OF THE INTERNET - AND THINGS LIKCRAIGSLIST AND - Facebook, THE RULE OF THUM - WAS THAT TRADITIONAL NEWSPAPERS - GOT 80OF THEIR REVENUE FROM - PRICEY PRINT ADS AND CLASSIEDS - AND THINGS LIKE THAT. - WHEN ADS SHIFT TO ONLINE AND - PEOPLE CAN GO TO CRAIGSLIST, - THAT REVENUE JUST EVAPORATES. - SO THE DOPES THAT HAD REALLY -- - THE DENVER POST THAT HAD TOP - LEVEL REPORTERS ANDPHONE - PHOTOJOURNALISTS AND THE WHOLE - LLPARK, SUDDENLY YOU FIND THEM - IN A SITUATION WHERE THEY NEED A - LOT MORE MONEY TO BE ABLE TO PAY - THE BILLS, AND TRYING TO GO THE - SUBSCRIPTION MODEL OR THE - NONPROFIT MODEL, THE COURAGEOUS - EXPERIMENTS YOU'RE SEEING OUT - THERE, ISN'T REALLY GETTING THE - I CAME AROUND TO THE IDEA THAT A - UNPUBLICNG OPTION TO HELP

- SUBSIDIZE, TO HELP BACKFILL SOME - F OF THAT, 80%E REVENUE - THAT'S BEEN LOST IS GOING TO BE - CRITICALLY IMPORTANT TO KEEPIN - OUR DEMOCRACY ALIVE AND HEALTHY. - NEWE NEED OUR WATCHDOGS, W - THE PEOPLE WHO ARE - JOURNALISTICALLY TRAINED TO GET - OUT THERE. - YOU NEED A SOURCE TO GO TO - THAT'S RELBLE, THAT SPEAKS FOR - THE COMMUNITY, THAT'S TRUSTED - AND IS CONSIDERED ONE OF THE - MOST PLUGG-IN MEMBERS OF THE - COMMUNITY LIKE THE "DEER - POST." - >> Brown: WE'RE TALKING ABOUT - ECONOMICS BUT WE'RE ALSO AT A - TIME WHERE JOURNALISM AND - JOURNALISTS ARE CONTESTED AREAS, - FACTS AND TRUTH ARE CONTESTED - AND YOU'RE BOTH NOW WOING WITH - YOUNG PEOPLE, YOU'RE WORKING - WITH WHAT YOU HOPE IS A NEW - GENERATION OF URNALISTS. - CHARLIE, WHAT DO YOU SAY TO - PEOPLE COMING INTO THIS? - T >> W SAY TO YOUNG PEOPLE - IS, LOOK, YOU CAN GO INTO A - UNCOY AND YOU CAN BE OF - SERVICE TO THAT COMMUNITY AND - YOU CAN CHANGE THINGS. - RIGHT NOW, TOO MANY COUNITIES - HAVE NO ONE WATCHING THE STORE. - THERE'S GREAT JOURNALISM THAT

- CAN BE DONE TO GO OUT INTO THESE - MMUNITIES AND UNCOVER REALLY - IMPORTANT - THE COMMUNITY.TER TO - SO, JEFF, YOU AND I CAME OF AN - AGE WHEN JOURNALISM HAD A BIG - FUTURE TO IT AND YOU COULD GET - INTO THESE JOBS. - WE WANT TO RESTORE THE PIPELINE - FOR A NEW GENERATION OF - JOURNALISTS TO COME FORWARD AND - WE REALLY WANT TO URGE THEM TO - REPLY. - YOU GO TO REPORT FOR - AMERICorg AND APPLY FOR - THESE POSITION - >> Brown: CHUCK, YOU'RE - WORKING AT YAFORT NOW, SO YOU'RE - WITH YOUNG PEOPLE. - WHAT ARE THEY COMING TO YOU FOR, - AND WHAT ARE YOU SAYING TO THEM? - >> OUR STUDENTS HAVE A LOT OF - PASSION. - THEY LOOK AT THE WORLD THAT THEY - LIVEN AND THEY FEAR THAT IT'S - CHAOTIC AND THAT IT'S FULL OF - STRICKSTERS AND A LOT -- AS MUCH - AS THE INTERNET GIVES US - WONDERFUL INFORMATIOAND TOOLS - O USE, IT ALSO BRINGS A LOT OF - MISCHIEVOUS ACTIVITY, AND THEY - LOOK AT E STATE OF THE COUNTRY - AND THEY SEE THAT THERE IS A LOT - OF DISCONNECT AND ANGEA AND - THEY HAVAL PASSION FOR - WANTING TO DO SOMETHING ABOUT IT - AND GET INVOLVED AND - TO DEVELOP THE SKILLS THAT IT - TAKES TO GO FAR BEYOND THE KIND - OF CITIZEN JOURNALISM THAT'S - NEEDED.

- >> Brown: CHUCK PLUNKETT AND - CHARLES SENNOTT, THANK YOU BOTH - VERY MUCH AND HAPPY NE. - APPY NEWIER. - YEAR. - >> Schifrin: RETURNING TO - CLIMATE CHANGE, GLOBAL WATER - SUPPLY FACES CONSTANT AND - WORSENING THREATS: RISING - MMPERATURES, OVER-CONSUMPTION, - POAGEMENT. - IT'S A CHALLENGE PUSHING - SCIENTISTS, POLITICIANS AND - DESIGNERS TO SEEK INNOVATIONS - THAT COULD LEAD TO NEW SOURCES - OF WATER. - JOHN YANG HAS THIS ENCORE - REPORT. - >> Yang: SITUATED ON THE EDGE OF - THE SAHARA IN SOUTHERN MOROCCO, - MOUNT BOUTMEZGUIDA GETS ONLY - ABOUT FIVE INCHES OF RAIN A - YEAR. - BUT WHAT IT LACKS IN RAIN, IT - MAKES UP FOR IN FOG, WHICH - BLANKETS THE AREA FOR ABOUT HALF - THE YEAR. - SO, THAT'S WHERE RESIDAVE - NOW TURNED FOR THEIR WATER-- - HARV IT FROM FOG. - ALONGSIDE SCIENTISTS FROM THE - GERMAN WATERATION, THE - MODCCAN NON-PROFIT DAR SI H - HAS SET UP WHAT'S SAID TO BE THE - LARGEST FOG COLLECTION PROJECT

- IN THE WORLD, ABOUT 19,000 - SQUA FEET OF NETS CALLED CLOUD - FISHERS. - AS FOG RLS THROUGH, THE MESH - TRAPS FRESHWATER, WHICH DRIPS - INTO A RECEPTAE. - A NETWORK OF PIPES TAKES IT TO - THE VILLAGES BELOW, WHERE ABOUT - 1,000 PEOPLE EVERY DAY USE IT - FOR DRINKING AND WATERING PLANTS - AND ANIMALS. - JAMILA BARGACH IS DIRECTOR OF - DAR SI HMAD. - >> THE FACT OF HAVING WATER HAS - RADICALLY TRANSFORMED THE LIFE - OF THE WOMEN, WHO USED TO WALK - E FOR HOURS TO GET WATER, D - TWO. - THERE WAS ALWAYS THE FEAR OF NOT - HAVING ENOUGH TER. - RIGHT NOW, THAT FEAR IS NOT - THERE ANYMORE. - >> Yang: BUT IN OTHER PLACES, - THE FEAR REMAINS. - EXPERTS SAY THERE'S A GLOBAL - WATER CRISIS, WITH AT LEAST - TWO-THIRDS OF THE POPULATION - LIVING IN AREAS THAT LACK WATER - ONE MONTH A YEAR OR MORE. - THIS SUMMER, CHEINDIA, HAS - HAD TO RELY ON WATER DELIVERIES - FROM TANKER TRUCKS. - A POOR MONSOON SEASON LEFT ALL

- THE CITY'S RESERVOIRS DRY. - >> THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN - WATER SUPPLY ON THE ONE HAND AND - WATER DEMAND ON THE OTHER HAND. - CT>> Yang: BETSY OTTO DIRES THE - RLD RESOURCES INSTITUTE'S - GLOBAL WATER PROGRAM. - >> WE'RE SEEING REALLY - ICANT SHIFTS, MUCH MORE - ERRATIC RAINFALL. - SNOWPACK AND GLACIERS, THAT HAVE - BEEN VERY IMPORTANT SOURCES OF - SLOW-RELEASE WATER TO MUCH OF - THE WORLD, ARE DISAPPEARING. - WE'RE SEEING REALLY - SIGNIFICANT CHANGES FROM GLOBAL - CLIMATCHANGE. - >> Yang: WHILE COLLECTING WATER - FROM FOG MAYOUND - REVOLUTIONARY, IT'S ACTUALLY AN - ANCIENT TECHNIQUE AND ONE FOUND - IN NATURE. - AN AFRICAN BEETLE CAPTURES FOG - DROPLETS WITH SMALL BUMPS ON ITS - CK. - AND, ARCHAEOLOGISTS HAVE FOUND - EVIDENCE IT WAS USED CENTURIES - AGO IN THE MIDDLE EAST AND SOUTH - AMERICA. - HOW CAN WE GET AS MUCH WATER AS - POSSIBLE FROM FOG TODAY? - WITH CLIMATEHANGE AND HIGH - CONSUMPTION MAKING WATER - SCARCITY A GROWING PROBLEM

- ORLD, RESEARCHERS - ARE TACKLING THAT QUESTION. - ONE TECHNIQUE IS BEING TESTED - HERE AT THISAT VIRGINIA - TECH. - >> WE'RE FOG HARVESTING. - >> Yang: INDUSTRIAL DESI - PROFESSOR BROOK KENNEDY IS PART - OF THE TEAM THAT DEVELOPED THE - FOG HARP. - IT USES TIGHTLY-PLACED VERTICAL - WIRES, AS OPPOSED TO - CRISSCROSSING MESH. - >> EITHER THEY TEND TO BE TOO - OPEN, SO A LOT OF FOG PASSES - THROUGH THEM, OR THEY'RE TOO - TIGHTLY WOVEN, AND SO THE FOG - DROPLETS GET STUCK. - WHAT WE HAVE DONE DIFFERENTLY - HERE IS THAT WE HAVE REMOVED THE - HORIZONTAL WIRES, AND THIS - TS THE WATER DROPLETS FROM - GETTING STUCK. - SO THEY QUICKLY, THROUGH - GRAVITY, DROAWAY. - >> Yang: TESTS HAVE FOUND THIS - DESIGN TO BE AT LEAST THREE - TIMES MORE EFFECTIVE AT - CAPTURING WATER THAN TRADITIONAL - NETS. - FOR KENNEDY, THIS WAS A CASE OF - BIOLOGICALLY-INSPIRED DESIGN, - INFLUENCED, IN PART AT LEAST, BY - CALIFORNIA RED - THE TOWERING TREES DRAW MOST OF - THEIR WATER FROM FOG - ACCUMULATING ON THEIR NEEDLES. - ED THE SOLUTION ISN'T EMBE - TECH ACCOUTREMENTS OR FEATURES.

- IT'S A FAIRLY SIMPLEOLUTION, - BUT YET, BY JUST TWEAKING - MEANINGFULLY THE DESIG REALLY - AT A SMALL SCALE, THE RESULTS - ARE RATHER DRAMATIC. - >> Yang: IN CAMBRIDGE, - MASSACHUSETTS, M.I.T. SCIENTISTS - ARE TRYINGO TAKE THE - INNOVATIONS SURROUNDING FOG - COLLECTI EVEN FURTHER. - THEYDISCOVERED THAT - ZAPPING AIR RICH IN G WITH A - BEAM OF ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED - PARTDRAWS THE DROPLETS - TOWARD THE MESH, DRAMATICALLY - INCREASINGTS ABILITY TO - COLLECT WATER. - >> RIGHT NOW, THE SYSTEM IS OFF. - SO YOU CAN SEE THAT THIS PLUME - CAN PASS THROUGH THE MESH - UNAFFECTED, AND THEN IT GOES - AROUND. - BUT WHEN WE TURN THE ELECTRIC - FIELD ON, THE PLUME VANISHES - INSTANTANEOUSLY AND THEN WATER - STARTS COLLECTING ON THAT MESH. - >> Yang: THE IDEA IS TO USE THE - SYSTEM ON POWER PLANT COOLING - TOWERS. - ALMOST 40% OF ALL FRESHWATER - TAKEN FROM U.S. RIVERS, LAKES

- AND RESERVOIRS IS SET ASIDE FOR - THAT CRITICAL PURPOSE. - M.I.T. MECHANICAL ENGINEERING - PROFESSOR KRIPA VARANASI LEADS - THE TE. - >> WE HAVE BEEN ABLE TO - TRAJECTORY OF THESE DROPLETS. - IN FACT, - ARE GOING AWAY MAKE A U-TURN AND - COME BACK. - AND SO WE WENTROM A HALF TO A - COUPLEF PERCENT EFSTCIENCY, TO - AL00% EFFICIENCY. - >> Yang: WHILE BOTH THE PROJECTS - HEE PROMISING, THE EXPERT, - SCIENTIST, AND THE DESIGNER - AGREE-- WATER INNOVATION MUST BE - COUPLED WITH BETTER WATER - MANAGEMENT. - >> WE'RE GOING TO HAVE TO FIND - NEW WAYS OF STORING IT OR - CAPTURING IT IN PLACES THAT USED - TO HAVE MORE WATER THAN THEY - WILL NOW HAVE. - YES, I - THOSE TECHNOLOGIES, BUT THAT - ALONE IS NOT ENOUGH. - >> WATER IS A VERY PASSIONATE - TOPIC FOR ME, COMING FROM INDIA, - WHERE WATER IS A CRISIS. - IT'S A BIG SOCIETAL PROBLEM, AND - NOT AS SIMPLE AS "YOU VE A - POWER PLANT, I CAN SELL YOU THIS - THING."

- ON IT'S NOT GOING TO BE TH - MEASURE THAT NEEDS TO BE TAKEN. - I MEAN, I THINK CONSERVATION, IN - COMBINATION WITH OTHER - TECHNIQUES, WORKING IN UNISON, - WILL HELP US TACKLE WATER - ARCITY. - >> Yang: THAT COMBINATION MAY - MEAN THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN - LOSING OR MAINTAINING ONE OF THE - MOST BASIC ELEMENTS OFIFE ON - EARTH. - FOR THE PBS NEWSHOUR, I'M - JOHN YANG. - >> Schifrin: AND THAT IS THE - NEWSHO TONIGHT. - I'M NICK SCHIFRIN. - JOIN US ONLINE, AND AGAIN HERE - TOMORROW EVENING. - FOR ALL OF US AT THE - PBS NEWSHOUR, HAPPY NEW YEAR. - I HOPE YOU HAD A GOOD DAY. - THAN - AND SEE YOU SOON. - >> MAJOR FUNDING FOR THE PBS - NEWSHOUR HAS BEEN PRIDED BY: - >> - WHEN IT COMES TO WIRELESS, - CONSUMER CLULAR GIVES ITS - CUSTOMERS THE CHOICE. - OUR NO-CONTRACT PLANS GIVE YOU - AS MUCH-- OR AS LIXTLE-- TALK, - TEND DATA AS YOU WANT, AND - U.S.-BASED CUSTOMER SERVICE - TEAM IS ON HAND TO HELP. - TO LEARN MORE, GO TO - consumercellular.tv - >> FIDELITY INVESTMENTS. - >> AMERICAN CRUISELINES.

- >> BNSF RAILWAY. - ND WITH THE ONGOING SUPPORT - OF THESE INSTITUTIONS - AND INDIVIDUALS. - >> THIS PROGRAM WAS MADE - POSSIBLE BY THE CORPORATN FOR - PUBLIC BROADCASTING. - AND BY CONTRIBUTIONS TO YOUR PBS - STATION FROM VIEWERS LIKE YOU. - THANK YOU. - Captioning sponsored by - NEWSHR PRODUCTIONS, LLC - Captioned by - Media Access Group at - accs.wgbh.org - >> YOU'RE WATCHING PBS. - LIDIA: Buon giorno.

- I'm Lidia Bastianich,

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