George McGovern [Democratic Party Presidential Candidate, 1972]: Speaks in Dayton, Ohio

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1 2 3 4 5 6 5 4 Senator, what governs playing is as you can hear from the noise about to land and quite a crowd of press people in here on this. It's not going to be the door that will open right there. So the steps are moving up to the door now and it's ridiculous. And the senate party is not leaving the plane.

Are you doing the plane? The senator is now in the doorway. This is a small number of people who are with signs greeting him and their incredible number of press people.

It's now walking down the stairs. This is a small number of people who are with signs greeting him and their incredible number of press people. This is a small number of people who are with signs greeting him and their incredible number of press people. This is a small number of people who are with signs greeting him and their incredible number of press people. This is a small number of people who are with signs greeting him and their incredible number of press people.

This is a small number of people who are with signs greeting him and their incredible number of press people. This is a small number of press people. This is a small number of people who are with signs greeting him and their incredible number of press people. Hello, excuse me, do you mind being on the radio?

It's a lot of fun. It's a lot of fun. Excuse me, do you mind being on the radio? Hello, are you with CBS?

Excuse me, do you mind being on the radio? Excuse me, do you mind being on the radio? Excuse me, do you mind being on the radio? Excuse me, do you mind being on the radio?

Excuse me, do you mind being on the radio? Excuse me, do you mind being on the radio? Excuse me, do you mind being on the radio?

Excuse me, do you mind being on the radio? Excuse me, do you mind being on the radio? Excuse me, do you mind being on the radio? Excuse me, do you mind being on the radio?

Excuse me, do you mind being on the radio? Excuse me, do you mind being on the radio? Excuse me, do you mind being on the radio? Excuse me, do you mind being on the radio?

Excuse me, do you mind being on the radio? Excuse me, do you mind being on the radio? Excuse me, do you mind being on the radio? Excuse me, do you mind being on the radio?

Excuse me, do you mind being on the radio? Excuse me, do you mind being on the radio? Excuse me, do you mind being on the radio? Excuse me, do you mind being on the radio?

Excuse me, do you mind being on the radio? Excuse me, do you mind being on the radio? Excuse me, do you mind being on the radio? I think the American people are going to be with us on November 7th because we're with the American people.

I think the American people are going to be with the American people. He doesn't have the courage or the confidence to face his opponent in public debate before the people of this country. But if he came out and faced the issues honestly, here are some of the questions that I would like to ask you. Did you know Mr. Nixon about the wiretapping of our phones?

Did you know about the White House aid that wrote a letter slurring an ethnic group in this country and slandering the reputation of Senator Muston? And if you didn't know about those things, Mr. Nixon, have you lost control of your campaign and your administration? Mr. Nixon, why did you promote the man who gave ITT a billion dollars out of court settlement? After $400,000 was contributed by ITT to the Republican National Convention. Why have you defended Mr. Nixon?

The Russian grain scandal instead of claiming up the Department of Agriculture? Why are you against an independent nonpartisan investigation of all of these scandals in your administration? And then another question that I would like to ask Mr. Nixon, why have you kept secret from the American people the names of the people who have now accumulated a secret fund estimated at $20 million for your reelection? 20 years ago, when Mr. Nixon accumulated a secret fund of $18,000, General Eisenhower said to him, come clean with the American people or get off the ticket. Now, unfortunately today, there is no General Eisenhower to make Mr. Nixon come clean or to tell us the truth about this $20 million secret fund. But I say to him, Mr. Nixon, come clean with the American people or get out of the White House.

How dare these agents of Mr. Nixon and the President himself put the government on the arts and block and the truth into a paper shredder? How dare they ask to leave the people for four more years when they are unwilling to face the people openly in this campaign in face-to-face public debate? Now, I know that it's drizzling here today, and we may get a little wet, but I have some important things I want to say, and it's more vital that we be willing to get a little wet today than we'd be burned for the next four years. I think it's important to defeat an administration whose top political operator, Chuck Colson, has said that he would walk over his grandmother in order to win an election, and they've already walked over the Constitution in order to do that.

I want you to remember that kind of philosophy when you hear the distortions from Nixon's spokesman about our positions on national defense, their distortions about where we stand on welfare, and their distortions about virtually every position that we've taken in this campaign. I want you to remember how they misled the American people in 1968, four years ago, when they said they had a secret plan to end the war in Southeast Asia. Now, with just two weeks before the election on November 7, they're telling us that they're going to end the war again, but why not four years ago?

Why Mr. Nixon was it necessary to kill another 20,000 young Americans in this war before we ended? What did you gain by killing or wounding or driving out of their homes six million people, most of them in South Vietnam, by this incredible bombing that has gone on for the last four years? What did you get, Mr. Nixon, for the $60 billion you spent in the last four years on the destruction of Southeast Asia that we needed to build up our own cities, to combat crime, to combat drugs, to combat pollution, to build up our own country instead of destroying the land and the villages of another country, 10,000 miles from our shore. Now, I asked this question, what has changed that makes it any easier for us to get a peace settlement today than the one we could have had four years ago if we had a president committed to peace four years ago?

Did you make all these sacrifices, Mr. Nixon, to save your own political face from right-wing criticism? Is P. Ham out of the New York Post right when he asserts in yesterday's issue of his newspaper and I quote, all those people died for the committee to re-elect the president? Now, I think we need a leadership that recognizes that there are some things in politics that are even more important than saving face or winning a victory and one of those things is human life and another thing is a respect for the truth. We need a leadership in this country today that listens to the people instead of wiretapping their telephones.

And what are the people saying today? At the Democratic Convention during the California Challenge, Willie Brown ended his speech with a stirring cry, give me back my delegation. This year, in the midst of scandals and the special deals and this endless war that has needlessly gone on for another four more years, the people are saying, give us back our governments. This year, the people are saying, give us back the value of our dollar. Today, the dollar you saved four years ago is now worth only 82 cents. And the Nixon wartime inflation is ground into the price of every pound of hamburger you buy. I think there's something fundamentally wrong with a wage and price control policy that suppresses wages but lets prices and interest rates run wide. That's not fair.

Inflation is now at a rate of over 6%, which is exactly what it was before Mr. Nixon's new economic controls were applied about a year and a half ago. Why did that happen? It happened because nine tents of all the applications for price increases were approved at the same time that the wage price board was holding down the income of people who worked for 11 years. In the next administration, we're going to listen to the people of this country. We will heed their demand for an attack against inflation and we will operate an even-handed program that protects the income of working people and still protects the consumers of this country who have been gouged for the last four years in a needless wartime inflation. Now in 1972, the people are also saying, give us a fair break on taxes. And let me repeat here again this afternoon. There's something fundamentally wrong with a tax system that permits a corporation executive to deduct his $20 marginy luncheon and you can't deduct the price of a baloney sandwich.

The American people are also saying, give us back our jobs. And let's remember that two million people are out of work today who were working four years ago. We are the president who will do less sermonizing to the workers he has thrown out of work and instead will provide a decent job for every man and woman in this country who is able to work. Now the Nixon administration says that full employment is a myth except in time of war. I don't believe that. I think if we will end this war and cut back on the waste and the fact in our military budget and begin investing that money in building housing, in building decent schools, in building public transit systems,

in protecting our environment, in fighting crime, and fighting hard drug evictions, building day care centers. If we'll begin doing the things that we desperately need to build up America, we will not only have more jobs but we will have the kind of self-fulfilling jobs that can come when you convert the waste of war into the works of peace. And that's my commitment to the people of this country. Finally, finally this year, the American people are saying, give us back our sons and our treasure from the jungles of Vietnam. They are saying we should not have waited another four years to end this war but certainly they're saying in the closing days of this campaign it is long overdue to end the cruelest, the most wasteful, and the most unnecessary war in all American history.

Mr. Nixon says there can be no peace without honor. I say there will be no honor and no rehabilitation of America until there is peace in Southeast Asia. Now let's face it, this election is not just a contest between George McGovern and Richard Nixon. Both of us will still be around no matter what happens on November 7th, but it's a fundamental struggle between the decent ordinary people of this country and the Southeast short-sighted special interests of this country. It's a contest between people who want peace and the war makers who well now admit that they've been wrong in this tragic conflict.

I think the time has come to recognize that we must answer the question deep in our hearts, deep in our souls about what kind of a country it is we want America to be. I think we want an open government and open politics. I think we want a leadership that builds our trust in them by beginning with a trust in us as the people of this country. I think you want to cherish this country to take pride in what it does, to honor what it represents. Now it's true that we're behind in the polls. We will win because we've been out among the people, we've been listening to what they've said and we've heard that try, give us back our government and we will win because it is still true with nations as it is with people that it is the truth that sets us free.

Thank God for that, thank God for each of you. Thank you very much. I'm going to have an attention just now. I wanted to have an attention just now. Thank you very much. Thank you very much.

The key to our city. Well, I appreciate every so much the presentation of this key to the city. I want to say in response to those of you who've been crying, we want George that even more importantly, I want you and I need you on November 7th. I want to bring, I want to bring to the microphone to a women who are traveling with us in this campaign not to make a speech but simply to take about. One of them is the wife of one of our prisoners of war who has been held a prisoner for many years, Mrs. Valerie Kushner, I'd like to call her here. That's just here a brief word for Mrs. Kushner. She was on the cover to late magazine here about a month ago.

I want to say one thing. My husband was captured in November of 1967 when Richard Nixon was elected in 1968 with a pledge to end the war and bring us peace. My husband had spent almost a full year in a POW camp and he's already had four more years. With your help and your support for George Montgomery, Mr. Nixon has got just what that sign in the audience said two more weeks. That just shows how eloquent you can be when you're briefed. Now the other woman I would like to introduce is Mrs. Esther Peterson who was the top advisor on consumer affairs for the Johnson administration.

She's an expert on the problems of consumers who have taken such a beating under this Nixon administration. And I'd like to ask her to just brief this crowd for a moment. Mrs. Esther Peterson. Great. And I tell you that I've been traveling around and I recognize the people know that you know we can win this election at the meat counter the same as the balance block. Because that's what's happening. I'm just out in Mississippi I was and I tell you the greatest thing every place where you saw exit signs all over. You know those red signs that are picked up there it says Nixon must and there's a sign exit in 72 and we'll see that it does. Thanks every so much everyone. Now we got we got two weeks left to work. Everybody here make a resolution that you're going to try to get at least ten people to go to the polls and vote on Tuesday but make sure that those ten people know how to vote.

That's all we ask from you. Thank you very much. Don't leave your enthusiasm here. Let's go out and work. Let's give your money. Not only November the 7th and more on. Thank you very much. Thank you. Thank you very much. Well you know what they bring us.

You're saying you're saying the tide is turning in here. No question about that at all. Everybody says that. I don't know one person who doesn't think that the trend is in our favor. From the shrines in the holy city of Jerusalem to the Basel of Tel Aviv from outposts along the Jordan River to new towns in the Nega desert Arnold Forster reports date line Israel 1972. This is Arnold Forster in Israel. To most Americans the Hebrew phrase El Al conjures up a picture of a small but most successful commercial airline. Only 23 years old it stands in 16th place among 160 airlines.

How come such success if it didn't even begin as a commercial airline? To find out I talked with El Al's captain Leo Godner. It happened during the war of independence in 1948. I was the operations officer of the southern wing the bomber and air transport commands which we'd helped organize as a group of young American Jewish boys ex-saviation ex-US Air Force. To help the beleaguered is then Palestinian Jews and to help transport the displaced and homeless Jews. Sam Lewis and I were in Los Angeles. I was in the jewelry business then. Had an idea that we ought to organize an air lift to get the then DPs displaced and stateless persons out of Europe and the northern tier of Africa to Palestine because we'd had all the trouble as you will recall with the surface transport shipping the British blockade and all the rest of it. What kind of planes did you use to fly them out? We originally blocked some C-46s and constellations and who's we?

This was a Shushu business underground. There Yehuda Razi was then involved in it. One of the great heroes of Israel, Teddy Collock, the mayor of Jerusalem who was in charge of the mission in New York. And so while you were busily engaged in that, the state of Israel was created and you automatically became a part of its Air Force? That's correct. We started with what we thought was a humanitarian and necessary move and then the demands grew. Armaments, munitions, personnel, manpower, equipment of all sorts, tanks, aircraft, naval vessels. How come it became necessary then to create a commercial airline? We needed a cover. We needed a commercial entity with which to act. What'd you do? Become one of its first pilots? I was the first operations manager and captain in 48. What kind of plane were you flying then? We used a Skymaster, a DC-4, which we had been using in the bomber command. And where did you fly actually? We had the first mission to bring Hein Weitzman, the first president of Israel from Switzerland to Israel. How many planes did you have when LL was first organized? We had nine C-46s then operating a couple of DC-4s.

Then mostly you were a freight line. We started with freight and people were a secondary commodity. Where did you learn to fly Captain Gardner? I learned to fly actually in my mother's kitchen. What do you mean? Well, as a kid. I mean, really a youngster. I was enamored with the thought of flying and I used to practice with a broomstick between my legs and moving my feet as though on rudder pedals. Where was this? In Los Angeles, in my home, I'd say it must have been 10 or 11 years old. What was the first real plane ever flew? Well, I was 14. We used to fly Jennies in those days. You could go along the highway and pick up World War I vintage sitting out in the middle for three or four hundred dollars. And when did you get your commercial license? Not until early in World War II. Did you fly in World War II for our country? Yes, US Air Force. Where was your field of operations then? Well, it was actually worldwide. I was in the Air Transport Command,

a hospital area vac, bringing bombers and equipment over to the various theaters of operation. What was L.R.L. lines like at the very beginning? It was really, in all the sense, a makeshift operation, but a very effective one. What I mean is that we had to devise everything from the ground up. Uniforms, medical examinations and certification, pilots licenses, table of organization, operational, modus operandi. We even needed a nice box for the first airplane. You know that Skymaster was a freighter. But the word L.R.Me? To the heights, onward and upward. And when you created the L.R.L. line, this was a wish, a hope. It's a biblical reference. Tell me some cookie things that have happened. Well, in the old days, flying C-46s without the icing equipment, you can imagine hitting these thunderstorms, mid-winter storms over the Adriatic Sea, the Mediterranean. They get rough.

Having to land, losing engines, all sorts of maintenance problems. Were you frightened out of your skin more than once? Well, I think I've been scared so many times. I've stopped counting. Captain, where did you get your first L.R.M. pilots from? You had no state. You had no citizens as such. Well, actually in 1947, when we were preparing the aircraft, we were told that there were some 34 Israeli students, boys and girls in the states and various universities. And could we do something about training them for air service? So, we set up a flying operation in Bakersfield, California, a young Jewish girl who owned it. And the 31. Who owned this airfield, that Bakersfield, and had this capability? We took these 34 among which was oddly enough a former president of the airline, Shlomo Lahat. Where do you get your pilots these days? Well, now they come through the Air Force after having put in anywhere from 7, 10, 15 years of Air Force service.

Some of our captains come from, for instance, in charge of training for the Air Force. Commanders of air drones, bases, the phantom squadrons, etc. Does that go for the rest of the flight crews, too? Oh, yes. The engineers come up through the engineering and maintenance end. Navigators come through the Air Force as well as the radio operators. But on top of this great experience, it takes another five or six years of arduous, continuous upgrading and training on the job before we turn out a Boeing Jet Captain in LL. In other words, the LL flight crews are all experienced air forcemen. They have anywhere from 12, 13 up to 20 years experience before they are in the left seat in command of a Boeing Jet. So that Captain Godden in a very real sense, you saw the thing from even before its infancy up to the little giant that LL is today.

Right, and it's quite a long haul to the Boeing 747s that we operate today. How many passengers do they carry? Well, we're set up for 400. Sometimes we have more when you count the infants and the cribs on the bulkheads. What's the largest number of passengers or occupants of one of your planes LL is ever carrying? I've carried 50,000. 50,000 in an airplane? Yes, in the C-47. No kidding. Well, if you consider they were day old chicks, you know, we started to fly them to Bulgaria. Wait a minute, wait a minute, chicks, not girls. No, no, little baby chicks. Chicken, day old chickens. How many were carrying a year, the first year of operations? The first year of operation would run into several hundred. Now you have a larger crew of girls than you had numbers of passengers?

Well, the girls, you know, all come from their experience and army training. Girls putting close to two years in the army. They're all physically qualified. One of the outstanding women's tortoises, a supervisor, have a peters. Yes. I recall when I first met her on these steps of the Katie Dan Hotel in 1950, she was still in her artillery officer's uniform. And even then, I thought she was a very attractive young girl. Well, I'm with Elans in the end of 55, it makes it nearly 16 years. And what are your responsibilities today? I'm in charge of all airline hostesses, the air hostesses, those who work in the cabin during the flights. How long were you in the cabins? Well, I was there for about 10 years, I used to work as a regular hostess, instructing also doing check flights. And now I'm more in the office and less flying, but I'm still flying.

Hava, have you ever participated in any of the rescue operations for which El Al is so well known? I participated mainly in 56 when we brought the lots of quite a few of Polish immigrants through Vienna to Israel. There were quite frightened people, and I would say quite suspicious people. At the beginning, we hardly could find the right contact with them. But afterwards, when they found out that we speak the addition to it, we are all brothers and sisters. They sort of warmed up toward the end of the journey, and it was quite an exciting experience. Hava, are your passengers on El Al different in any way from the passengers on other airlines? Well, I think that El Al does not carry the average commercial traveler that you would find on most of the airlines. There are mostly two risks who come to Israel, and their trip to Israel has in some sort of a way an emotional involvement. Whether it's the Jews who come to see the Holy Land for the first time, or whether it's the Christian pilgrims who come to see the Holy places as well.

So we would really find a different atmosphere on the flights than we would find in regular airlines. In other words, these are not people who would be happy to be left alone and just read a paper and then get out of their destination. On their trip already, they are quite excited, and they want to hear about the country, they want to ask questions, they want to get answers. And they want to sort of have more contact with the crew than they would on other airlines, where they just look upon them as people who serve them. However, I've come to Israel any number of times on El Al, and I notice every time the plane lands at the Lord Airport, the passengers applaud. What do they do that? I think it is a sort of way in which they get rid of the excitement and of a bit of tension, maybe, that has been bottled up during the flight. And they are happy to get there, probably.

Did you ever see a passenger climb down from the airplane after landing to kiss the ground? Yes, I really did see it, and I saw it quite a few times. And mainly, I think it happens with immigrants, people who were really longing to get out from where they are and are really happy and excited to get to the country, where they want to live and build a new life. What's the most exciting thing that ever happened to you on the LA Airlines Runs? There was a baby born on one of our flights between London and Vienna. Is the baby an Israeli citizen? I really don't know what happened to it, but I think that it is entitled to free tickets on El Al for its lifetime. Who attended the birth? Funnily enough, we had at that time a person who had a farm. And as he had attended quite a few births of animals on the farm, he was the only one who really didn't lose his head and knew what to do, because all the others and the stand were quite too excited to do anything. The strange thing about it was that the mother actually went to see a very famous doctor in Vienna, because her first birth was so difficult.

And it happened so quickly that they just didn't have any time to land anywhere, and the mother decided she's going to have any future babies on the airline as well. It went so nicely. I couldn't go away from this romantic airline story without asking its president, Mordecai Benari, a final question or two. How big is El Al today? We have 10-7-0-7s and 27-4-7s. We employ in Israel and abroad 4,300 people. How many passengers do you carry annually? We carried last year about 520,000 passengers. What's the secret of El Al's success? We are an international airline associated with a country of a great historical, archaeological, spiritual heritage. El Al would have never been able to exist or develop if we would have carried only or mostly business motivator traffic, because the percentage of business motivator traffic among the foreign visitors to Israel

is around 12%, and 88% of all the foreign visitors to Israel are pleasure or tourist-motivated passengers. El Al uses its planes to bring Jews from parts of the world from which they've been rescued, isn't that true? That's right, we are carrying most of the immigrants who come to Israel by air from all corners of the world, wherever they come from. Is that done by biblical injunction? Yes, and the citation from Isaiah in the Bible reads, It's spring back my sons from far and my daughters from the end of the earth. Date line Israel 1972 is brought to you by this station in cooperation with the Anti-Defamation League of Bonnebri.

Perhaps the sound of lower pollution levels. This is Stuart Finley for Men in Molecules, presented by the American Chemical Society. Today, urban passenger vehicles, students designs for cleaners safer cars. It all started in 1970, the year of the Clean Air Car Race. Forty odd vehicles, some obviously passenger cars, others looking more like space-age contraptions, made their way from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, right across the country to the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena. The object of the exercise was to show that there was enough non-industry expertise around the colleges of the United States, not only to produce low pollution vehicles, but to race them.

From that first step has come a more ambitious project, to produce automobiles that have low polluting levels, and that also are safe to drive. On this occasion, the urban vehicle design competition, more than 60 vehicles designed by students were put through their paces by trained personnel at a major auto industry proving ground near Detroit. Those paces, incidentally, included exhaust emission levels of such things as hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxides, safety features, estimated mass production cost, fuel efficiency, bumper effectiveness, and overall vehicle performance. Perhaps because the students didn't have Detroit's massive investment in current types of vehicles and engine systems, they were able to come up with at least one car that met the tough exhaust emission standards for 1976. You just heard the engine of this vehicle.

If it sounded like a Volkswagen to you, it did so because it is just that, but with a significant difference, it doesn't run on gasoline. It runs on hydrogen gas, ignoring problems and prejudices current at the time. Roger Billings was an early starter in the development of low pollution vehicles. My efforts began seven years ago with the idea that if hydrogen could be used as a fuel, there would be no possible means of contamination to the air. Early efforts, soon indicated that we would have problems with such things as nitrous oxides and also a little bit of pollution from the oil that an engine allows to see pass the rings. But it was easy to see that the idea had some potential and I found about seven years ago that it was frowned on quite frankly by most professional people mainly due to the high cost of hydrogen at that time and also very hairy. Now the only modification needed to a standard auto engine is to use the carburetor for injecting water instead of the usual gasoline and to use a gas metering valve to deliver hydrogen to the combustion chambers of the engine.

Hydrogen burns.