Dynamics of Desegregation; 7; The Newest New Negro

these are gritty anders he's been developed this investigation protests against racial discrimination that swept the country local

mississippi new show new york it seems as if suddenly last decade ago americans have decided to tolerate second class citizenship some have nicknamed these negro protesters the new negro term is very misleading it implies that negro americans of passively unwillingly endure their second class citizenship until recently that these new protestors are somehow are sudden an almost three mutations and actually the day's new negro is a maturation not a mutation there's even a casual inspection of member american history reading reveals negroes have continuously protested against their treatment for their entire fourteen generations on this continent each new generation the grocers refuse to accept fully its so called place in american society consequently each new generation especially since the

civil war as things really our notes and threaten white racist each in turn it and tagged the new negro today's protests demand it's the newest of the new neighbors what is different about this newest needham well first place the forms of these protests have changed these names a full dignity and citizenship for example previously for generations but he's more direct protests like sit ins and freedom rides on new means of attempting to securities old games increasing directness of the current protests is itself a result of two major differences between the present they were american any previous answers he's changed i guess in the world large and he's changed that is within the united states specifically on the world level he discovers it is it is not entirely unique he sees color people throughout the world being there for freedom

from colonial powers though is no indication culture completely american history uprising witnesses the emerging african nations come into being moral redefined the world managed in hearing these protests gained publicity now around the whole globe on the national level even more fundamental changes have been taking place for a previous generations of negro americans were mostly poor rural southerners would always occasion largely without the boat day however the newest new negro is likely to resign in large metropolis there are still poor use guns are we better off economically than earlier generations and he's very likely to be at least moderately well educated and to possess the priceless american instrument about just look at these sweeping social cultural changes in more detail the nineteen sixty census dramatically illustrates the vast amount of negro migration from the farm to the city in recent decades

seventy two percent of all non whites in nineteen sixty live in urban areas of percentage even higher than that of white americans indeed his figures seventy two percent is three times the nonwhite urban percentage at the turn of the century in nineteen hundred this urbanization of the negro as taken place delivering largest american cities consider for instance are five largest cities between nineteen forty and nineteen sixty the number of non whites living in new york and in philadelphia have more than doubled the number of non whites living in los angeles more than quadrupled from nineteen forty to nineteen sixty and in chicago and detroit the number of non whites from forty to sixty some of our triple them behind these bag doing statistics while ignoring

millions of individual stories of migration of picking up stakes and worries moving into strangely bustling and threatening cities to nineteen fifty nineteen sixty a long over and now we'll head negro summers broke their own ties and left the south more that happening went to the northeast another half million plus went to the midwest and a character a million more made their homes in the west best negro migration is not only involved the moving from farm to city but also moving a lot of the science and into nine seven records that are partners and it's wider distribution not of negro americans for the nation obviously makes absurd the old information against his claim race relations are somehow is seven parliament the hindu activists set to solve a long weekend a scythe this massive migration has meant the negroes have been leaving the rural areas most resistant to desegregation in going to the

large cities where the new series and causes of already started even if slowly the owner of black veil name for the rich soil as traditionally had counties were negroes are number whites symbol and center of racial discrimination this area is now breaking up to date only one southern county and eight have more negroes and whites wanted their populations in southern cities been growing at rates are only slightly less than those of northern cities and these changes in the southern ratio between the races are not in themselves and guarantees white attitudes toward the negro and through these population changes do set the scene for constructive efforts for racial desegregation migration there is the desegregation process in other ways too the city allows the negro to vote and offers him better educational and employment opportunities in the old black belt counties voting present

combined with important supreme court decisions and the recent federal civil rights laws on voting the move to the city has been a rapid rise in negro voting even in the sat roughly a million and i happily grows a reddish can vote in the stack today six times more than in nineteen forty the glaring cases of denying negro americans about and they're concentrated in alabama mississippi and the moral blackmail some of the southern states the migration out of the side of myth large concentrations of negro voters in the key electoral states such as new york and pennsylvania ohio michigan illinois and california it was no questions that the nineteen sixty presidential election with the first international history where both major political parties intensive revival of one another or who could write the strongest or ice plants their platform ms repeal to nigro voters nor was it

surprising that the heavily democratic negro vote made a difference for mr kennedy in many important states including set southern states chose north carolina south carolina and texas noe is an unusual defining middle so politician like this one you'd been hard to imagine twenty years ago which are no law like that every speaking engagement i get over the negro community why i am my last two elections as mayor that fitted the negroes made that happen for me over the wildman iggy drone against it god it's only good politics for me to believe this breach and the name of biracial committed to look into this lunch counter fragmentation probably not nearly as dramatic as these clinical advances or slow gains in education and employment that have accrued to the negro

from his migrating out of the rural south and into the city while easily better than women and optimism blackwell of course the situation remains does think glean period of that of urban whites songs schools attended by most urban negroes cannot be compared with the spacious well equipped schools of rap home ingeniously white suburbs poor education aids and setting up a vicious circle pour your education the more restrictive your job opportunities the more frequent your unemployment lasts your income the worse your house and the less likely or your children to get a first class education when we put all this in human terms but telling hubert a friend of mine he was in junior high school back in the nineteen thirties and her well a new study that this was in junior high school in harlem that had traditionally senate's negro graduates to a technical high school where there was no college preparatory course so the inevitable happened

my friend was a sign of the technical school despite its migraines and he's burning desire to go to george washington high school unprepared for college mother having me waving your own broth that millionaires economists who the show and he refused to leave his office in your life and she was right to her son's done rather well and put my he finished very high in both his high school and college classes you win on become a full professor at the city college of new york and ironically enough was one of the prominent social scientists as mature was cited by the supreme court in its momentous school desegregation decision in nineteen fifty four but how many other negro boys right now are sitting in various schools get assigned to work below their real capacities and he answered never able to fulfill their dreams or contribute their full potentialities to the nation and into this vicious circle of the many forms of racial discrimination in

shepherding the american director almost as intense in northern cities is insensitive discrimination districts in and rose to where it can live with jonathan hole frequently teaching are the apprenticeship programs still necessary to enter for winter and dust to a time because envy the last hired and the first fired you know periodically been down economics way frequently employment discrimination six cleanly subtle or well intentioned employers and consciously using higher standards to judge when they grow up but recommit to the discrimination is not so subtle as in this instance this came in the mail yesterday fair employment practices law they wanted a put on my wall somewhere no we go along with this sort of thing here racial discrimination as for the fall and after all we've heard colored

boys running are elevated them working of stalk around for years but this is a pretty big business for that pound and we've got to be my be careful about our highly skilled jobs i had an opening the other day for an electrical engineer a good application came to me from the university or the boy showed up with a negro know he would've been happy here he wouldn't do it again it would have been if i'd let him have a job though i had to wait around a white man came in about what the discrimination that was good common sense we should not overlook the gains that the newest new negro have made economically in spite of sex discrimination but the median or typical negro family earned only fifty five percent as much as the median white family in nineteen fifty nine even this figure represents a marked improvement for the nineteen thirty nine figure moaning thirty seven percent and while a sizeable annual income differentials twenty

five hundred dollars still separated the typical negro and white families in nineteen fifty nine the grove family's income is now safely above the subsistence level to the point where many negroes can afford some of the pages of america's high standard of living moreover numerous indications it for improvements or near a recent successes of the federal government in enforcing its insistence that companies and government contracts our campaign workers with respect to racial issue at a huge help and the ever increasing enrollment neighbor workers in organized labor unions is a vital trend to only do union seniority can it grows begin again job security free from discrimination third indication of teacher improvement was a state anti discrimination laws which have now been passed in many northern and western states which aim to correct racial injustice is not only in employment but also in public accommodations

and in housing while laws are never full solution themselves they offer an important first japanese who is a very successful in direct relation that are strictly they been enforced and supported twenty steady improvements and political economic situation or is the newest doonan well protests so strongly actually restless this revolution generally for periods of improvement and change after people advance their position in society the war awakening appreciate just what is it been missing all yours fact is a bigger american frustration is greatly increased not lessened during these past two decades of sweeping changes though they have made important political educational economic gains as we've seen their hopes and desires of advanced even more rapidly in a phrase a relatively more deprived than they were in the nineteen forties what is most important for human motivation you see after the primaries physiological needs like hunger and first are satisfied

is the difference between what you have and what you aspire to and the neighbor american as mac pasted enough be funded urban where whites to want full acceptance of the first classes in more desperately than ever before let's continue this line of discussion with our guest mr whitney young one of the foremost national negro league is today in his capacity as executive director of the national urban league we're just young we've been talking very sweeping changes only in terms of how beneficial a r for speeding along with desegregation process but are some problems that are attendant the same thing about the grass seed to three albums moment i think when the first problems is to get the the residents of the state is to first see the citizens who are moving in as

symbols of the hands of a fan of hypocrisy as it were that our society has had a practice that they represent the uk are problems the deprivations that they have suffered in america the problem is to get people to see them as not problems about opportunities opportunities for making the citizens constructive productive citizens out all the choices between what you make and consumers and productive people are whether they will become permanent than dependence on are really filled in primaries i think the other problem is to get americans to accept the fact that simply at elimination the law on sand of a passing low why might say of their conscience it did not ultimately resolve a problem and that they do not about other

rationalizations so many people now who feel well everything is all right now that we have laws on the books forget these years of deprivation and forget that if things are really want to then there's got to be a special effort that they get mentioned before you that they don't like the back wheels in the front wheels of a car it isn't enough to say that they will moving at the same rate of speed there's no way for the back wheels to catch up with the front wheel of something special takes place and have insisted that we must now give special attention and special about education and not a health services and buy recreational services in these newcomers citizens that reflected it the deprivations of the paris review it executive director of the national urban league or what is it that you're a station in particular does it grow well as a community service agency

operating and sixty two cities around the country where some sixty thousand integral to the mail and when the professionals battle with three hundred people out specific job as we see it is to me the resources of the community to see that they are open and available bring these two are going to go citizens to them and find some kind of effective relationship so that enable citizens of benefit we also feel that we have a responsibility to know the facts about the problem of the middle of the community and to dramatically interpret and i misinterpret these two dissenters of them pawns of the mean what would be a concrete example where bin laden when you're sixty two agencies working in a particular

city could do for my report problems the ticket while bank one of the major problems the problem of housing and it is here that rather than waiting for the problem to become a serious one as it has in many communities at the urban league with sadat with a planning official baise city as they plan their urban renewal programs as they planned the generally expanded population and pointed out earlier than they were caught up in the follies ports of entry as they were to have adequate facilities educational a hell is the good that has five possible all of them is not forced to move and only one area but as opportunities to move throughout the city because to the degree that you you know i met him in his mobility into one area the city

ui inviting cola put its social that and i think of people cannot be crowded together near the navy would sit down with the city planners that the planned this situation as housing says janet employment is also one of your reporters this is true and is becoming more important i leave today apple and more recent years have been concentrating on placing of negroes and manager of technical skill positions as against the only issue is looking for jobs aiello with the president's executive order so many other pressures and more like employees now i doubt now i admit it to trap of phantom arm and far this kid who finishes half who may not want to cut it probably should not want a college fan father's negro girl listening global an opportunity and many whites an insurance company is in the

department stores are in the plans in service training program and we're concerned about this marginal person interview vince gill we can find out about it and then there's a few contests now valente one the city's total and joined the really are really in the human universe did i mention that you're looking to be to have around find out he's invited to matter though that show you know how wonderful we are really going to go right now the big cities to to show people and that we want jobs or just average nagle to listen as the average white to listen to find out liza the problems in theory urban league directly attacks them were under some positive aspects of some of the very same problems as you see it from the vantage point of your ability yes now some positive picture there were changes in

attitudes of old on a pot of the lego citizen an upright citizen which makes the plan a bit different i think there's a change in the political situation which means we can expect more responsible action from our legislators and lawmakers general i think there is a there's been a change in the whole matter how legal image of himself which is a positive that we can build off but i yeah i would hasten to say that we've we must move quickly and that remained there why i mean they're running every time this is this is right i think patients go either way in the back years can be and what about the most destructive tensions in a building up in the heart of this country over real and that people around who want to exploit the use of people around who

won two and talk about the disillusionment and the disappointments in to point out that america is incapable of having the problems on the island and i think he's used in the most productive because we have been training courses and they'll all the compelling reasons internationally as well as economically why we should move and i personally am optimistic idea i don't have much faith in the basic decency of people as well as faith endless plain common sense and the american people will have they will move quickly we think we have here to a kind of the nine circles the viola and for many a vicious circle that his political rights again is their gains an economic power negro americans but other things began to open up in that well it's hard to say i actually a little reluctant to say that housing employment education has actually gotten very it seems

that the rest of that divide and i'll be educated says it's telling the employees is economic sense and so it seems to be the wise job and it's a it's all the sayings of an issue that the job gain in the house and the issue that mission but that education you're playing a good job policing is a really at all trying to get out and i think there's no place for the letter that lately everybody want to do something about this thank you very much it's an american problem with young remind us we've seen some of the broad dimensions of this american problem in this discussion we've seen that the current generation of protesting negro americans engaging in sit ins and freedom rides on the notes of the so called negroes yet they had different from previous generations in several important respects they move out of the site's warriors and into the nation's largest cities

they had made up a net gains in the political and economics fears though they're still why differentials existing between white and dark americans finally we've noted the negro american aspirations have been rising faster over the last twenty years and even the game's doing relatively more deprived in her status as second class citizens and in any other time in their three hundred and fifty year history of this nation the newest new negro is determined to end forever the national the miles of the great american creed the quality nice nice it's been nice

nina mr wilkinson thank you a tax invasion of the commission on extension for harvard university seventy five novel the invention of the association with police didn't want to go the power is back the pittsburgh

week has been steel production goals were provided in part with the assistance of ground from the anti defamation league of b'nai b'rith mcconnell to boston and claudia dr mowry so stone comic louis is an eighty eight national educational television the fb