Georgia Gazette

I'm Bruce Dawden and this is Georgia Gazette. Coming up on today's program, even if we gave on the turn of peanuts the consumer would not receive any reduction in pricey. We've heard what the politicians think about a proposed spending plan before Congress that would cut peanut price supports. Now find out what one Georgia farmer thinks. A mental health expert talks about depression, its possible causes and consequences, it's part of national mental illness awareness week. And here what a beer aficionado has to say about the best and worst beers around, including some non-alcoholic brews that seem to be so popular these days, plus an update on Albany's friendship oak still standing but still in danger of being cut down.

Those stories and a whole lot more coming up on Georgia Gazette, but first the news from National Public Radio. Good afternoon and welcome to Georgia Gazette, I'm Bruce Dawden. In today's edition a mental health expert shares the latest information about depression. Not all beer goes well with chili and peanuts, find out what other foods taste good with the foamy brew, plus a humorous tour of some Athens brew pubs. And find out where the 300 year old oak tree in Albany stands in respect to the fight between citizens and state engineers to keep it alive. Those stories and a lot more coming up on today's program, Georgia Gazette, it's a Radio magazine and joy it then pass it on.

On Capitol Hill Thursday the Senate Agriculture Committee finally reached an agreement on peanut price supports, members of the committee voted for a five year extension of the peanut program, but they cut the price support by $50 a ton. Supporters including Georgia Republic and Congressman Paul Coverdell, hail the vote as a victory that will protect the fraudulent economies of the southeast peanut belt, which includes Georgia, the largest peanut producer in the U.S. James Argroves has a report. The peanut price support program has come under scrutiny from lawmakers on Capitol Hill, who are trying to find ways to cut more than $13 billion in farm spending over the next seven years.

It's part of the Republican goal of balancing the budget by the year 2002. The price support program, which was started in 1937 by President Franklin Roosevelt, sets the price on a ton of harvested peanuts. That price has been set at $678 a ton for top quality peanuts for the last couple of years. Most manufacturers such as candy companies and businesses that make peanut butter must pay that amount when buying peanuts. Critics of the price support say it guarantees a profit for peanut growers, and they say it's not needed anymore because the law of supply and demand should determine what manufacturers pay for peanuts, not the government. But peanut farmers disagree. Jim Reed has a 2,500 acre farm in America in southwest Georgia. Six hundred of those acres are used to grow peanuts. Reed says critics of the price support program don't understand how it works. He says the peanut price support doesn't guarantee a profit for farmers. It simply offers them protection so that they will receive a fair and constant price for

their crop. Well, everybody knows from year to year what the price is going to be. As in what cotton, if you look at it, cotton can be 90 cents one year and 50 cents the next year. So there's no stability there. With peanuts, the quota stable, the amount is going to be planted in stable. If those peanuts are produced, if those peanuts are produced, the price is stable. Everyone has a good idea of what's going to happen. You can make long-range plans within the frame of the length of the farm bill. With the cotton or any other commodity, you can't do that. But what's good for farmers, manufacturers, say, is not necessarily good for consumers. They say that by eliminating peanut price supports, their production costs will go down, and the savings will be passed along to the consumer in the form of lower prices. But Reed says that won't happen.

The point is for the amount of peanuts that are in a jar of peanut butter or the Center to make a snickers candy ball when it relates back to what we as farmers receive, even if we gave them the ton of peanuts, the consumer would not receive any reduction in price. You would not say a reduction in price of a jar of peanut butter or a candy ball at the grocery store. The manufacturers keep talking about how much more the consumer pays, but yet they never offer any guarantees that they would receive, that they would reduce the price of their commodity or their product in direct proportion to what the price of the peanuts is in direct proportion to what the raw product went down. The peanut price support is a big issue in Washington where members of Congress have been working for weeks on a solution that would satisfy both growers and manufacturers. The debate has caused some strange alliances with Republican members of Congress, mostly

from the peanut growing region in the South, joining with the Democrats to block the proposed cuts that they feel are too severe. That alliance resulted in yesterday's compromise proposal passed by the Senate Agriculture Committee. Under that plan, the new price support would be $628 a ton. Wilbur Gamble, President of the Georgia Peanut Commission, says he doesn't know what the impact of the Senate proposal would mean in actual dollars in Georgia. He said state farmers produced more than a million tons of peanuts per year, and with a net loss of $50 per ton, the figure could be in the millions of dollars. We're working with a very small profit. Normally, you'd have some way around $100 a ton profit or a little bit of, so the profit could probably be cut in half, unless we can find some way to compensate for some of it, you know. He says he has an idea of how some farmers will try to offset those losses. We're going to buy less fertilizer, we're going to buy less equipment.

Well, any of the supplies that we need, we're going to reduce, we're going to have to reduce our cost of production by the, if we choose to stay in business. So a farmer will have two choices, either he can choose to not produce peanuts, get out of farming altogether, or find a way to lower his cost of production. The Senate bill is not as severe as the proposal now making its way through the U.S. House of Representatives, which is on record as wanting to lower the price support to $610 a ton. The difference between the Senate and House versions will be worked out by a conference committee, even if it passes Congress, it still faces a possible veto from President Clinton. I'm James R. Groves. Next week is Mental Illness Awareness Week.

And with us now to talk about the mental illness called depression, Chuck Walden, Mental Health Association of Metropolitan Atlanta's Executive Director, Chuck, thanks for coming in being with us. That's a pleasure to be here. Let's talk about depression. We hear more and more about it as time goes by. How serious an illness is depression? It's a very serious illness, and it affects a large number of people. In fact, the Massachusetts Institute Technology Study has found that it's probably the third most costly illness facing Americans today, and the direct cost to the workplace, the indirect cost in terms of health care, and of course the real underlying reason for our message is that people don't need to suffer needlessly, and they can be treated for clinical depression. I've been told that upwards of one in eight Americans suffer from some form of depression, and yet 80% can be cured.

The good news is that clinical depression, serious depression, is considered one of the most treatable of the mental illnesses. It responds very favorable to the range of medication that's available now combined with talk therapy. That's the good news. The good news is that it's treatable. The bad news is that two out of three of those people you identified still will not step forward and seek the treatment that would alleviate their pain and suffering. There is a stigma attached because of the term mental illness. How can we combat that? One of the reasons we're embarking on is the National Education Campaign, and the Depression Day is a part of that, is that we recognize that clear and accurate information is the best way to combat fear, ignorance that leads to stigma attached to mental illness. Mental illness, and especially depression, is a medical illness. It's treatable, and that's the message that we want to get out to people. For example, a lot of people still believe that a mental illness like depression is the

result of a character weakness, or it's a payback for doing something wrong. It isn't any of those. It's a disease of the brain, and it's treatable, and it can be treated when it's diagnosed and a proper treatment plan established, usually a combination of medication and talk therapy. The next Thursday is a day for national screenings, for people who think, or perhaps even know that they suffer from some form of depression. What are some of the symptoms? The symptoms are to be at risk for clinical depression. First of all, let me just go back and add a footnote if I could. Depression is a normal part of our life. All of us at times face situations that result in our being depressed. That little de-depression is a normal, reactive depression that we all experience from time to time.

Clinical or serious depression is a different category. This is a depression that we will not simply pull up our socks, get busy with activities, and pull ourselves out of. We really need some kind of intervention, either through medication or talk therapy. The way we determine whether somebody is clinically depressed versus just going through our reactionary depression is that five of ten symptoms have to be in place all at the same time, and those symptoms or conditions have to last for at least two weeks. The conditions are feeling the sadness and irritability, loss of interest, or pleasure in activities, change in weight or appetite. That's an interesting one because some people get depressed and start eating more. Some people get depressed and start eating less. The important one is that change in weight or appetite. Somebody that feels guilty, hopeless, or worthless most of the time. Another one is fatigue or loss of energy. Another one is a restlessness or decreased activity, an interruption in sleep pattern waking

up early in the morning, being able to go back to sleep. The final one is thoughts of death and suicide. We can have any one or two of those, and that doesn't necessarily mean that we're clinically depressed. When we start to see five or more cluster together and last longer for two weeks, we suggest that you talk to somebody about that and see if you're in need of treatment. Next week is mental illness awareness week nationwide. I'm talking with Chuck Walden, Executive Director of the Mental Health Association of Metropolitan Atlanta. Who is the first person, one should see if they, as these symptoms you mentioned, if they experience two or three or four of those symptoms, who would you suggest going to first? That's the campaign message is talk to someone. There are a number of people that that might be appropriate. For example, if you have a primary care physician, your family doctor, that's certainly somebody to ask.

If you have, you know, talk to your clergyman, if you're a student listening and concerned about this, talk to one of the school counselors. The key is talk to somebody that can help point you in the direction of a professional screening if that's indicated. And that's one of the reasons why we're doing the National Depression screening day. That's a concerted effort that involves thousands of sites around the country. And that will provide the opportunity for anybody that's listening to us to simply go to one of the Depression screening site. If you're concerned about that, you can have a free, confidential screening done by a mental health professional. Any city in Georgia, next Thursday, will more than likely have some professionals standing by ready to participate in helping a person get screened for this site. There are sites all over the country, including different locations throughout Georgia. That's correct. And if there's any doubt about it, there's a 1-800 number that you can call. And I believe it's 1-800-262-624-444.

That's to get information about the nearest screening location to where, you know, where everybody happens to be listening. Again, next week is mental illness awareness week. This Thursday is a National Depression screening day and throughout the state. The number to call to find out where you can have it done in your area, 1-800-262-444. All right, Chuck Walderon, the Mental Health Association of Metropolitan Atlanta's Executive Director Chuck. Thanks very much for coming in being with us and passing on some very worthwhile information. It is said that people who have pets are better able to cope with the varieties of life than those who don't. That certainly seems true of Georgia Gazette commentator Lee May, who says cats have taught him a thing or two. What we went through this summer, the heat, the awful humidity, ought to be called cat

days, not dog days. When heat builds up and humidity drags you down, cats know what to do. Very little. But on Cascade Road in southwest Atlanta, I saw a dog panting furiously on one of those hot August days, running aimlessly back and forth, forth and back. Maybe he was lost, maybe just mad. Whatever you never see cats wearing themselves out like that during hot times, they chill. Well, okay, cats chill most of the time. But when the big heat sets in, they virtually freeze. At my house, we're up to three cats and holding. Our two woman cats, Calvin and Vincent, were joined several months ago by a rather energetic young boy, Bud. At least he was energetic until July. Then he started behaving the way the women cats do, eating a hearty breakfast and hiding out for the day, under the bed, in the cool of the bathtub, on the cool tile floor.

At night, they all come out. This trio is onto something. Pacing yourself is always important, but during cat days, it was essential, whether traveling through the garden of life or digging in the garden. I tried to take a cat lesson myself. I spent too much time outside during a few brutally hot days and I didn't drink enough water, but that's because I needed to do some emergency planting. You know how it comes over here. A beautiful mullin' that Celeste and Sibley gave me. I had to get it in the ground and didn't want it to stay potty too long. And besides, who knows when I might need to make a tea from the plant's fuzzy gray green leaves to get rid of a cough. And I had to plant the four clocks that I got from Mary Stalin. One of them blooms red and the other a mixture of red and yellow. When I waited, they might have withers and I couldn't have shared these with other friends. So I went out there, did a little digging, a lot of watering, some mulching, some pruning,

but mostly I did what the cats did in the hot time of year. I watched and I thought and planned. And wondered about questions like, why do humans wear suits in jackets and ties when the temperature clearly screams, take it off? Well now that summer's dog cat days seem to be gone, my feline friends are getting more energetic with each passing day. By the time winter comes, they're going to be wishing for those hot cat days just so they can catch up on their rest. And so will I. Lee Maywrights are a weekly gardening column for the Atlanta Journal Constitution News Paperies and Evergarden and author of the book in My Father's Garden, Lee Lives in Atlanta. A little word association game on today's Georgia Gazette.

When I say baseball, you say braves. When I say peanuts and pretzels, you say beer. But when I say Budweiser, I haven't said it all, I'll let beer expert Bob Klein do that. He's rated brews from around the world and published his findings in a book, The Beer Lovers Rating Guide. And he talks with fellow beer connoisseur Winston King. So when did you start becoming to be an aficionado of beers? Well, I guess as you were looting, as I was growing up, my father would occasionally order a case of prior double dark beer. He didn't drink very much so it stands out in my mind as one just having even alcohol in the house and this particular beer was an unusual beer. And my presumption is it's really in retrospect that I began to acquire taste for different because it was a dark beer, it wasn't just the run-of-the-mill light-logger. And growing up, I didn't have much as a high school student, a college student, I didn't

drink very much. So I would say it went back to that prior double dark beer. Well, where did you grow up? New York City in the Bronx. So you had, well, that was a good area to sample a lot of different beers. Well, yeah, there were local beers, they were Ryan Gold and Schaefer and Valentine. And all of those beers were affiliated with each of the three baseball teams. So Schaefer was a dodger beer and Valentine was a Yankee beer and so forth. And I was a dodger fan and while I didn't drink Schaefer or any beer, really, I always affiliated, associated Schaefer with the dodgers. But after trying this dark beer that your father brought home, how did that grow into writing a book about all these beers? I think it gave me some appreciation of the fact that there are, in fact, differences in beer. The beer can be flavorful and have some enjoyable ingredients other than just a cold beer to have with a hot dog, although there's certainly nothing wrong with that.

And over the years, I began to, when I'd go to a restaurant, be interested in a beer that I had not had before or a beer that appeared to be different. And after a while, I couldn't remember the new beers that I had. And if I did remember beers that I had maybe a month or two before, I was unable to remember whether I enjoyed it or didn't like it. And I decided that I better keep notes. So I'll know from restaurant to restaurant whether I'm wasting my money or I want to spend more money on a particular beer. Well, these were mostly imported beers that you were sampling. Yeah. Early on, they sort of had to be. The specialty beers, the micro breweries didn't exist in this country until fairly recently. So that's exactly right. It was the imported beers primarily that I was sampling early on. When did you notice that American breweries, micro breweries, were really catching on? Well, because I was aware of beers and interested in about ten years or so ago, there were

inklings of it, there were a few of them scattered throughout the country. And of course, recent last five, six years or so, they're just exploded and they're all over the place. How do these beers measure up to the old standards, the European beers that have been imported into this country for decades? Well, it's variable certainly as you might assume. But the good ones, the better ones in this country are comparable in my judgment to any of the good ones from Europe or Japan or South America. And I particularly seek out the American beers now. One, they're fresh. I can get them out of the tap, the micro brewed ones, at least the brew pubs. And the quality is quite high. I noticed in reading some background on your book that there were some beers that, well, you said some beers that go well with hot dogs, but there were also some beers that go well with all things chocolate cakes that have never heard of before.

That's right. Yeah, a dragon stout is one at least that I can remember. It's a stout and it's sort of creamy and rich itself. And it goes well with something else that's creamy and rich in this case, some chocolate cake or chocolate pudding as a dessert. Is that unusual in a beer to have something that goes along with something sweet? I know that I have always associated beers and many people out, others have associated beers with having something that's rich like sausage or hot dog or spicy. Well, that's what we've been taught in this country. There's a German brewing tradition in the United States and those beers, the loggers often go with the kinds of foods that you've mentioned. But Europeans have been drinking beer with different sorts of foods for many years. There are beers made with fruit and beers that do go with sweet foods and beers that you drink without any food as sort of a degestif after a meal.

There are dozens of varieties or dozens of styles of beer and depending on the style, that beer may or may not go with a particular food. In the end, it's up to your own taste, really, and the book emphasizes the fact that there is no standard, there's no one beer, beer A goes with food B. That's not the case. It's up to you, your taste buds, your enjoyment, the people you're with, what you're looking for, what time of day and so forth. What about non-alcoholic beers here, getting more popular these days? Yeah, there are some. I have about a dozen, actually a couple of dozen mentioned in the book. I was not interested in putting them in the book, but my, I guess my editor suggested look, people, alcohol is an issue now, understandably, and why not put something in the people who don't care for alcohol can drink. I generally find them to be not as tasty and I do think alcohol is enhancing in certain kinds of drinks, beer in particular.

But there are some good ones out there, there's some bad ones as well. The better ones are the imported ones, European is one made by Beck, which is a beer company that people may be familiar with, called Haka Beck, and I thought that was fairly good. But I don't think any of them compares to at least a better alcohol beer that I have had. But the book does discuss them and there are non-alcoholic beers out there certainly. Excellent. Bob Klein, thank you for joining us. You're very welcome, thank you. Bob Klein's the Beer Lovers Rating Guide is published by Workman. Notice Beer Lover and reporter David Bryant takes a quirky look now at the growing popularity of micro breweries and brew pubs in Athens where beer drinking is a way of life. They laughed at me in 1970, oh golly, about a 76 or 77 when I said there would come a day when fresh local beer would be commonplace in this country.

Ork Carlton is a beer connoisseur, a home brewer and is the beer correspondent for Flagpole Magazine in Athens. Of course I can remember the day when there were no micro breweries to speak of. When I became curious about the small commercial breweries emerging in Athens, I naturally went to him for information. So catalyst for the whole thing was in 1965, I believe it was. He placed local developments in the larger context of the micro brewery movement in America. The tale wound its way from San Francisco in the 60s north, then east. Straw brewery in St. Mary's, Pennsylvania, they continue to operate in family hands. And finally to the here and now. And hey, if they can do it, Athens, Georgia can do it. And Athens, Georgia is doing it with blind man ails, which is in a metal butler building out off the Atlanta highway, a converted storage room, where they have something that I don't know what it used to be used as, probably some kind of a medical piece of medical equipment that was a boiler or something that they have turned into a brew kettle.

It's the gold earnest looking thing you can imagine. And it is definitely not something that was handmade for them in Bavaria. I found blind man ails and it's curious brew kettle. I do, I think they made tofu and... Soy cheese, that's it. Actually, I think they made tofu prior to making the soy cheese. So legend has it. When I got there, Bob Tubbs, the owner, was filling kegs from a hose that hung from a huge elevated stainless steel tank, then hammering a bong into each keg with a mallet. In the corner, the next batch was cooking in the brew kettle. It seemed a cozy operation. John Gayer is head brewer and in fact the brewery's soul employee. He's got micro's and brew pubs and other small, more local breweries, regional breweries are really about the only growing segment of the beer market. John thinks the emergence of micro breweries is part of a larger cultural trend. People are learning once again to appreciate locally made fresh products, a lot of different food industries are going through the same thing.

You can parallel it to good bread and good coffee and especially unique flavors and not to homogenize sort of, everything takes the same middle of the road, least common denominator products. I don't know, local flair matters again. Since one can drink beer shipped from all over the world, some of which is pretty good, I wondered why local and fresh mattered. Beer is a biological product, it's a food product and it definitely deteriorates with age. That's one reason why, if you want to distribute nationally, you definitely have to pasteurize and you definitely have to filter it. You want to make it the same and try to make it travel worthy, but when you don't have to worry about that, you can make a beer that's more, well, it's fresher, I don't know how to describe it other than the fact that you don't have to take those precautions to ship it along distance. Wanting to make a good first impression for Blind Man Ails, John and Bob put a lot of thought and imagination into their first offering.

We're trying to give the consumer a beer that's very aggressive in terms of hop flavor, hop bitterness and a beer that will hopefully stand out. Did they succeed? Ryan Noomer, another local brewer, gives his reaction. It's a very hoppy beer. To my knowledge, they're using dry hopping techniques, which are techniques to add even more hop aroma so that when you drink their beer, it's pronounced hoppiness. I was fortunate to be at the engine room when they tapped the first kegs, I believe it was last Friday or Thursday on that one. The beer is quite good, as I say, very hoppy though. Like a sun-ripe on the grapefruit, like a pink flower on a grapefruit that the kind you just can't wait to yank off the tree and just bite into. Well, that's the kind of flavor it has and it's definitely got flavor, which is what's lacking the most widely circulated American beers.

It's just, it's got character and flavor. Blind man else has been on the market for about three weeks. Currently, we're available and I believe four or five Athens bars and very soon will be in at least three or four more as well as a few restaurants. The foreseeable future sees us being distributed draft only throughout Atlanta and throughout the Athens area as well. So far, Athens seems to like Blind Man Ale and Blind Man Ale's likes Athens. Athens is a really good place to be making beer, Athens knows what good beer is, overall there's a sophisticated market here that likes flavorful beer and there's also a good healthy beer appetite. Tom DeMarris and Brian Numer of the Athens Brewing Company also saw Athens as a good beer market. They decided to open a brew party. You'll be able to look through these windows as you're coming up the stairs and for really anywhere around this facility, you'll feel like you're part of the brewery. As you go up the stairs, you can see the fermenters as you walk by, you can look in and see the fermenters.

When you get to the first landing, you can look through this window and see the copper clad system. Going from out of state town recounts, they soon discovered that a troublesome impediment lay between them and the brew pub they were planning. It was illegal for a brewery to sell their own brand on premises. This was just rules that had been on the books during, you know, the evolution of brewing and brewing laws in the United States and nobody had ever made an attempt to change them here in Georgia. In order to keep their dream alive, they had to become actively involved in a movement to change state law. In February of 94, we had the first meeting of the Georgia Association of Craft Brewers, which later on became the Georgia Brew Pub owners Association and it was sort of a loose collection of brew pub wannabes that we put together out of necessity, whose mission was to gain popular support and hopefully change the laws in Georgia. We hired a good lobbyist, a guy named Trip Martin from the Georgia link and fought the battles at the Capitol and this time the little guys won.

Brian Numer has a PhD in biochemistry and will be the pub's brew master. Ort has a high opinion of his brewing skills. Well Brian is a yeast man, his training is in yeast culture, oh yeah, he does know how to brew. I did an apprenticeship in Germany outside of Munich with this little kind of medium-sized brewery called Grafse Titting. I've also been interested in beer for over 10 years and again it kind of spawned from my interest in microbiology which one of the things I do is food fermentations. I'll be designing recipes, we design each individual style, we have a lot of flexibility, a lot of creativity that we can utilize. We anticipate having four mainstays on tap at all times here so the consumer who gets used to one of these varieties of beer can always come here and have it but in addition to that also having a few seasonal varieties. Singularity and craft seem very important to the local brewers with whom I spoke. They're striking a blow against the creeping homogeneity of modern life.

I have to admire them for that and respect their confidence and enthusiasm. America now I think is just really coming into its own and understanding that we can make beers as rich as full-bodied, as distinct as any of the other beers made in the world. You know doing a story like this makes a fella's throat a little parched. Hey, it has character and that's what we're looking for. This is David Bryan. Still to come on today is Georgia Gazette, the saga of the 300-year-old oak tree in Albany continues. In today's installment the Georgia Supreme Court steps in to give supporters trying to save it from the DOT's acts a little more time to make their case. Plus a history lesson about it behind the scenes, Shaper of the American Civil Rights Movement who's all but forgotten today, I doubt who he is and why historians may be neglecting him.

Host Aries plus a commentary or two, stay with us. David is trying to save a 300-year-old oak tree in Albany by camping out under its branches, likely slept much better last night after the Georgia Supreme Court announced it would temporarily block the State Department of Transportation from cutting down the huge leafy landmark. Susanna Capeludo brings us up to date on the battle over the Friendship Oak. About two weeks ago the Department of Transportation started work on its road widening project. Fans call for the 300-year-old oak tree to be cut down and replaced by a traffic light. The tree now sits in the middle of an intersection. Because some local citizens wanted to keep the tree, the DOT presented an alternative idea last year that would bypass the tree. But it would have cost the county an extra $300,000.

The County Commission refused to spend that money. David Edwards is spearheading the effort to save the tree. He says the majority of Albany residents want the tree, and if county commissioners won't save it, someone else needs to help. Some government official, whether it's the governor's office, somebody needs to step in and speak for these people. I'm not a politician, nor do I want to be, especially after now. The last thing in the world I want to be is politicians. I cannot even go into a restaurant. I cannot pull into a store. I cannot get gas without three or four people coming up and encouraging me to keep pushing. That's probably the only reason I can keep going after all this. But someone needs to step in. I mean, if they can't hear these people crying for some help and we're getting ignored from everyone. As soon as the DOT started work on the road widening project, Edwards filed a temporary restraining order to keep construction crews away from the tree.

But a Dowdy County Superior Court judge sided with the state. But yesterday, the Georgia Supreme Court issued a temporary reprieve, giving tree supporters some more time to work on their cause. David Edwards wants the DOT to consider what is called a roundabout that would put the tree in the middle. Just a month ago, he found an engineer in Florida who specializes in modern roundabouts, such as smaller versions of the old traffic circle. Roundabouts are widely used in Europe and Australia, but are almost unheard of in this country. The Department of Transportation has received a sketch of the roundabout idea and they vowed to evaluate it. But the DOT's chief engineer, Frank Danchez, says there is not a whole lot for him to look at. They sketch on 8.5 by 11. What kind of speed design you are talking about is impossible to address any kind of safety

issues that might be involved. We are going to do the best we can to respond to it. With what you got, are you going to be seeking more information? Well, at this stage of the game, we can respond to what has been sent to us. Danchez says any changes to the project now would involve extra costs. And he says people are a little late coming to the trees aid. But David Edwards says he has been trying to save the tree for a long time and spend $10,000 of his own money. He says he and his friends won't let it go easily. And all we know is that that tree is not coming down. We paid for it, were the citizens, and whether we got any leaders or not, it's just like it was when this country started. It may be a rag tag looking group that's defending that tree, but that is exactly what's going to happen.

The tree is on the Georgia Lent marks and historic tree register, but because there is no legislation attached to that register, the tree is an immune to the acts of the DOT. The Georgia Supreme Court's temporary reprieve guarantees that the tree will stand for at least another month. I'm Susanna Capeluto. Georgia, Georgia, no peace of mind, just an old sweet song keeps Georgia on a man. Georgia Gazette commentator Virginia McAfee takes his back to her childhood for these thoughts on what she calls places of the heart.

I consider myself fortunate to have grown up in the rural south during an era when extended families were the norm, and neighbors were like family. The house where I spent my childhood belonged to my grandfather and my grandmother, who shared it with my mother and me. I felt from an early age the importance of family ties and the pride that comes from heritage. People don't talk much about home places anymore. Many of the old houses that sheltered generations of the same bloodline now sit in silence, wrapped delicately in a blanket of fine dust that has settled upon them over years that have brought change in the name of progress. Some have become anachronisms in a world that no longer values the importance of roots. Home was once the center of life. Today home is a place to sleep, a mere structure where we keep our belongings, a central point out of which a family comes and goes, but spends too little time together.

Because I have always been intrigued by languages and the nuances of meaning we find in our own storehouse of words, I began thinking about the use of the word home place today. The word home conjures feelings of warmth and family, unlike the word house, which refers to the dwelling itself without any emotional ties. Home place goes deeper for me, however, than home. It is more than the house. It is that expanse that can be taken in by the human eye as well. My home place is more than the house. It is the yard around the house and the fields that lie just beyond that yard, because a part of me still lives within those few acres that have remained little changed since I played there as a child. My home place is wood and earth and people. It is a house that still sits subtly in the gentle curve of a highway that was once

soft red dirt. It is the earth that my grandfather and a generation later, my uncle ploughed and tended. Earth that supplied food and income for decades before farming became an impossibility, even if it were in someone's genes. My home place is people. It is the place where family members have returned when they had no place else to go. We have raised our children, celebrated holidays, and mourned our dead there. A home place cannot be created quickly. We build our houses and hoax that they will stand and become more special with the passing of time. We create home places. Houses take lifetimes and even generations of lifetimes. Only then do they become what home places really are, places of the heart. Virginia T. McAfee is a writer and teacher in Sandersville, Georgia.

Her first book, A Season of the Heart, has just been published by Home Place Books. The late Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. is recognized worldwide as the leader of the American Civil Rights Movement. But a professor of American history at the University of North Carolina Greensboro says King's philosophy of non-violent struggle was really someone else's idea. That man, says Professor John Demilio, was hired Rustin. And the reason very few people have heard of him, Demilio says, is because he was gay. He was currently at work on a book about Rustin, who he thinks of as a lost prophet.

He talks with Pete State's Shinjin Flynn about Rustin, Civil Rights, and American homophobia. Rustin is one of these very important figures in American history whose importance has been totally obscure to us because of the neglect he suffered. I think you could argue that he was probably more responsible than anyone else for making Gandhi a non-violence, a central feature of the American Civil Rights Movement in the 50s and 60s. He worked with A. Philip Randolph in the 1940s. He helped found the Congress of racial equality. He drew up the plans for the Southern Christian Leadership Conference, which became Martin Luther King's organizational vehicle. And then of course, he organized the march on Washington in 1963. He also was a pacifist through these years and was at the center of the pacifist circles in this country that sparked the first demonstrations against the arms race and nuclear weapons, and that also began to mobilize against the war in Vietnam in the middle of the 1960s.

And what I think is most interesting about Rustin of these post-war social justice people is that more than anyone else, he was always trying to create links between different social movements. What drew me to Rustin's life is that I was looking for a way of writing about the 1960s that might illuminate why a decade that began so optimistically and with so much idealism ended in a very different place. And there were things about Rustin's career that made it seem as if he would be an interesting entry point for looking at the politics of the 1960s. You say that decade began so optimistically but ended so tragically if you want to use those terms. What do you see as those two points as being? Where is the optimism and where is the pessimism, if you like?

Well, the optimism and the idealism can be seen in things like sit-ins, freedom rides, a Peace Corps, a war on poverty, and by the end, the sort of the despair and the pessimism, the tragedy can be seen in things like campus buildings being bombed, inner cities and flames, the National Guard shooting unarmed college students and the constitutional crisis and corruption of Watergate. And so the question that I wanted to ask and that I'm asking through Rustin's life is were there political alternatives, were there roads that were not taken that might have moved the forces for peace and justice closer towards power rather than defeat? What was it about Rustin's own life that was the impetus for him to get involved in the sorts of causes that he did?

So he grew up in an environment in which social justice was in the air. He grew up in Westchester, Pennsylvania, it had been settled by Quakers. It was a stop on the Underground Railroad. His grandmother who raised him was an early member of the NAACP in the teens at a time when it was considered a very radical organization. And there are many stories that circulated about Rustin himself, even as a high school student standing up to racial discrimination in his local community and in his school. So it's there, it's part of the air he breathed, it's there in his life very, very early. How did he relate to the other civil rights leaders such as Martin Luther King? Well he and I mean given the differences in their background, Northern or Southern or Quaker Baptist, gay man, heterosexual, short and stocky, tall and thin, I mean they were different in every possible way you could imagine.

Rustin and King became very close very quickly, Rustin went down to Montgomery during the third month of the boycott and immediately established a close working relationship with King and really became a tutor for King in Gandhi and nonviolence. And at least for the rest of the fifties, almost every important political decision that King made, he made in consultation with Rustin. So it was important. So in many respects, Rustin was the large part of the philosophical basis of the civil rights. Absolutely, absolutely. Yeah. I mean by the time he meets King, he has been grounded in 20 years of nonviolent direct action activism, completely had been to India completely steeped in nonviolence. Was he himself open about his homosexuality? He was open in the context of what that meant in the 1940s and fifties, which meant that

there were no, he never made public announcements, he didn't come out in print, but he never pretended to be heterosexual, he informed his close associates that he was gay. When he had boyfriends, he would bring boyfriends to social gatherings and things like that. And so he neither announced it nor denied it. What he didn't do was to make it an issue of politics and social justice. What did he do for those last years of his life after the 60s, once things had begun to settle down in the mid-70s? In about 1965 or 1966, A. Philip Randolph, the African-American labor leader, created something called the A. Philip Randolph Institute, which was specifically designed to finally provide a buyer with a place to work and have a life, and Rustin worked as director of that for the rest of his life.

It was an organization that primarily tried to build links between the labor movement and the African-American community, and that also worked in coalition with liberal Democrats for social welfare legislation and labor legislation. Professor Demelia, thank you very much. Thank you. Demelia's book, Sexual Politics, Sexual Communities, the Making of the Homosexual Minority of the United States from 1940 through 1970 was nominated for a Pulous Surprise in 1983. I was at a loss for a column idea one week when out of the blue a subject struck me. Actually it didn't strike me, it struck the cars park just outside our offices.

Some guy driving a pickup truck side swiped two or three cars before striking another car that was pulling into the Walmart parking lot, injuring at least one person. My friend Georgia had just had accident damage to her car repaired, the road pickup tore it up again in almost the same spot. The driver of the truck insisted that another car run him off the road. Everybody always has a story about an auto accident, but nobody ever admits the accident was their fault. It's always someone else's fault. Even when there's about 120 feet of skid marks, they were only going 15 miles per hour. Yes, they had a few beers, but they weren't drunk. No, the wiper blades weren't working and one headlight was out, and it was raining, but they could still see fine and it wasn't their fault. I've never heard anybody say, yeah I got in an accident once, blew right through the stop sign at 60 miles per hour, just didn't feel like stopping. The point of this story is there are some people who just shouldn't be behind the wheel. Although they will insist they can drive a car the way Jack Nicholas can drive a golf

ball, their DNA has a defect in the gene that controls their ability to handle a motor vehicle. Through no fault of their own, they are automatically challenged. Either their reflexes are too slow, their attention spans too short, or the thought process is too feeble. For some reason, however, no one wants to come clean that they're a bad driver. Despite their disability, they obtain a driver's license and they drive. Badly. Like the Dustin Hoffman character in Rainman, the insist, I'm an excellent driver. People are not ashamed to reveal they can't cook. When asked to dance, some people will readily tell you, I've got two left feet. Others have no problem admitting their tone deaf and can't carry a tune. Driving is different. No one would ever say, what? Me drive? I stay away from cars. I can't keep my mind on the road. I'm a menace to the motoring public. On the contrary, everyone you meet think they're NASCAR material. That's why no one likes a backseat driver. You think anybody tells Richard Petty to slow down because the road's wet? No saree, Bubba.

We all become backseat drivers, though, because no one knows how to drive as well as we do. My wife and I are both equally guilty of this. She thinks I'm a moving violation waiting to happen, and I think she's a compulsive tailgator. Whenever she thinks I'm not breaking fast enough to keep from hitting the car in front of us, she starts hyperventilating and pumping her foot on the imaginary brake pedal on the floor of the passenger side of the car. I, on the other hand, grow increasingly tense as she pulls up so close to the driver in front of us that I can see how much gas is left in this tank, and what station is radios tuned to. I express my concern through sarcastic remarks. Too bad we don't have a toe chain, I say. If we're going to be this close to his back bumper, we might as well hook on. We could save a lot of gas that way. Hey, is that Corinthian leather interior? As a rule, I try to avoid these kind of comments in the interest of maintaining good marital relations. Sarcasm makes for estranged bedfellows. Because when you're as incredibly skilled a driver as I am, you can afford to be magnanimous. Jim Mario and Dready Curriculars are reported for the Winder Daily News in Winder, Georgia.

I'm using and playing the radio with no particular place to go, riding along the mountain of the beach. I was anxious to tell her the way I feel, so I told her softly and sincere, and she leaned and whispered in my ear, a curdling, more in driving snow, with no particular place to go. That's Georgia Gazette for this week. I'll have a program produced by Susanna Capelito and Sid Hoskinson with help from James Argroves, Melissa Gray, David Bryant, and the staff of WUGA in Athens. Next week, the old farmer's home will enact the whole still there, but the stuff inside is new. Make plans to join us. I'm Bruce Dorton, have a nice day, and a nice week. The broadcast of Georgia Gazette is made possible in part by a grant from West Point Stephen.

If you have questions or comments about this program, please write to Georgia Gazette. For each day public radio, 1540 Stewart Avenue, Southwest, Atlanta, Georgia, 30310, or call us at 1-800-654-3038. The crew's an unplanned radio, with no particular place to go. Thank you. Now that's one of the things that Jim and I've been really concerned about, too, and that's

why we started to get together because in Atlanta there are two Atlanta, it's the same way in cities and communities across the whole country. And we thought that possibly we could get those who have to gather, actually, in the poverty areas of the city's scene problems. And maybe we could get people working together to try to help overcome some of that. I don't know, I don't know any other way, any other way to solve it, because Jim is not president.

Thank goodness. Thank you. And I think it, I think possibly some legislation is good, but I don't know what, but with health care and the problems in the inner cities, nobody knows until you go there as much as we thought we knew about the problems in the inner cities until we were actually there with the Atlanta Project, walking up and down the streets and meeting with groups and talking to them, you cannot realize the despair in those areas. And so hopefully the Atlanta Project will be an example and can work and can show that when people actually see and come in contact, because most of the time those of us who have don't really see them, I don't have any contact with those people at all and therefore not it's concerned about them as we should be. So maybe just bringing them together, Jim in my head, something like that. Well, the tragedy is that both the Democratic and Republican leaders are using these issues as political footballs. If you look at the question on education, if you look at the question on housing, if you

look at the question on Medicare, if you look at the question on welfare reform, if you look at the question on health reform, all of the things are just addressed to get votes and then there's no compromise on either side and they die away and they're forgotten. What did you hear about the first six months of last year? Nothing but health reform. Health reform, health reform, it was a burning issue and it had to be done, the world would not be the same without something being done. Have you heard anything about health reform lately? No. But we had a meeting here at the Carter Center this week with business leaders who were deeply concerned about health care reform and I made a little talk to them, President Ford and I have been co-chairman of a very large bipartisan group obviously, dealing with health care reform. When I left office in 1980, 15 years ago, there were 15 million uninsured Americans. Now there are 41 million, one third of whom now are children who have no health coverage

at all. When I left office, there were 250 billion dollars, billion being spent annually on health care. You know how much will be spent this year, one trillion dollars, four times as much. In 12 years, we'll be spending two trillion dollars a year on health care and a number of uncovered people, uninsured people, will be increasing. And all the Bob Doles and Newt Youngaches and Bill Clinton's and others worrying about health reform, no, it's now another football to kick around and it'll be a different one next March. By next March, you won't be hearing about Medicare, you'll be hearing about something else, it might get both. It is really distressing to us. But as Rosen says, when you go and meet with people who don't have health coverage and that don't have and can't get insurance, that is where the tragedy is. But I think that it's good to have a forum like this and I hope you don't object to my

speaking very frankly about it because it is really distressing to us. Next question, President Carter from Brett Levy, Brett if you would stand. Bosnia is an example of warfare within a nation rather than between nations as Bosnia taught us anything about how to prevent this in the future. Yes, I think so, Brett. My dream has been since the Soviet Union fragmented and the United States of America is the only superpower on earth. It's for us to legitimately gain the reputation of the greatest nation on earth for peace. And for cooperation and for human rights and the alleviation of suffering. But it hasn't happened yet. And you heard some mention about North Korea. When I went to North Korea last year with Rosen, we were on the verge of a war.

I think the ambassador from South Korea would agree with this. I know that military command in South Korea agreed because there was only one person on earth that could stop building up a nuclear arsenal and who was it, Kim Il Sung. No one in our government was permitted to say one word or to write one letter to Kim Il Sung. And it was only because I was a private citizen that I was able to go over there. The same thing happened in Haiti. I mentioned earlier we were ready to start a war with Haiti and invade with 30,000 men, paratroopers and guns and everything because no one in the U.S. government was willing or diplomatically able to have a conversation with General Sejras or with President John Assign. And I and General Powell and Sam Nun went over there because I was a private citizen. And the same thing last December with the Bosch and Serbs. No one since last August has been willing to talk to the Bosch and Serbs. This is the kind of thing that really grieves us.

And that's one other thing that makes it necessary for non-governmental organizations like the Carter Center and many of us to work to try to prevent wars and to end ongoing wars. One of the most highly publicized developments in the last three or four years has been the peace agreement between the Israelis and the Palestinians. U.S. officials including the Secretary of State didn't even know that the negotiations were going on. They were carried out by a social studies group from Norway who had been sent down to the Gaza Strip to study the lifestyle of Palestinians living under an Israeli occupation. And they became well known to the Palestinians, well known to the Israelis, and eventually they started negotiating with each other. With the full support, I might say, of the Freud Ministry of Norway, and when they finally reached agreement, the treaty was signed at the White House, which I think is very good. I was there. But the point is that you couldn't have any communication with those who were at war. And I hope that our country will take on itself the responsibility of trying to provide

a way to resolve disputes peacefully. And if there are times when our government cannot talk to, I'd say, an unsavory or unpopular leader to let others do so, so at least you communicate with folks who are the only ones that can prevent a war or end an ongoing conflict. That's the essence of it. The techniques of negotiation or mediation are well known. They're well known. They're spelled out in a book I wrote for college in Haskut, a kid's called Talking Peace. And they are not unique with me. But you have to have someone willing to talk to both sides in order to resolve a dispute between two sides. And, as I was saying, you both have to keep working to improve the lives of others when

it would be so easy to go home, enjoy your children and grandchildren, and enjoy a nice life. a big responsibility. Well, it's something, Jimmy, and I pondered for a long time and we were trying to decide what to do with the rest of our lives when we came up from the White Ass. And then, of course, we decided to develop the Cardinal Center. And then not knowing what we could do, but knowing that we didn't want our library just to be a museum. And then we got involved with health projects and then agriculture projects and these countries and getting to know the heads of state and the people when there was a conflict in the country, Jimmy could talk to the lady and say, why don't we do something about this conflict?

It just, things just began to develop and happen. And I think that gives us an added responsibility that we feel that the things were doing are important. And I guess that's why we do come. And they're a lot of fun. I'm not exaggerating. I think everybody who's a human being and still active likes to do interesting things, right? And exciting things and challenging things and gratifying things to expand your heart and mind to encompass more people than your life or to stretch yourself and your understanding of God's world. And the things that we do are adventurous and sometimes they are successful, sometimes they're not. But you know, I don't feel at all, and I'm sure Rose does either, that we're making a sacrifice when we go to a village in Ghana and see two-thirds of the people with Gini Worm go back 12 months later, nobody has Gini Worm. You know, what could be more gratifying

when it's nothing? And this is not the Carter Center, but we go every year and just and help build one house for four people in different places in the world. Next year we'll be in Hungary this year. We're in the Watts area for all of a sudden, just last year on an Indian reservation in South Dakota. But people say, would you, why do you pay your own way and take your own tools and slave away for five days to build a house? It's one of the nicest, most wonderful weeks of our life. So I think that it's not just us. I think all of you would have the same feeling, but what we do at the Carter Center is so diverged that we don't get bored. And it's unpredictable. And it is unpredictable, that's for sure. So we hope that all of you in the Atlanta project, in some other way, will decide to take part in the same things that we're doing, join with us at the Carter Center or join the thousands of volunteers that are helping with the Atlanta project. Or if you have an interest in mental health or if you're in pregnant mothers or school dropouts, try to find a way to enter that realm. And I think you'll be very gratifying.

Next question is John Shiner. Would you please share your thoughts on Colin Powell as a presidential candidate? Hi, John. Well, I have to say I've never known Colin Powell at all except on two trips down to Haiti and back where I got to know him quite well and vice versa and to respect him greatly. In September, we went down in a midst of a crisis and we didn't know what was going to happen and he performed, along with Sam Nunn, beautifully. We went back in April, which was kind of a discouraging trip because things weren't developing and hated to a democracy like we had anticipated. I think that no one has been so highly praised and honored and publicized that would equal what Colin Powell has seen the last few weeks. And I think that obviously his career deserves it and I understand his book is very good. I haven't read it yet. I think that Colin Powell has a great political potential, but

in a way knowing the procedures in this country on getting elected, I think he's got a much more difficult role to hold than some people would surmise. He announced last night on CNN that he would not run as a Democrat. It would be very difficult for him to win as an independent. You don't get any matching funds, you don't get the 30 or 40 million dollars from the $1 check-off, you have to raise all the money yourself. No independent has ever gotten more than 30% of the votes. That leaves him the Republican Party. I think that the Republican Party has been substantially taken over, or at least heavily influenced by the Christian right, the Pat Robertson and others. And for them are issues like abortion and mandatory prayer in school and the absence of gun control, I'll just mention three. Are

life and death? You know, they are not frivolous issues with them. They're the kind of issues on which they would almost give their lives. And they don't get out at work day after day after day to get elected to go to the convention, where people that are moderate and don't much care about gun control one way or the other and so forth, won't work at it. And I think it's going to be very difficult for Colin Powell to get the nomination from the Republican Party, if that's what he decides. If he does get the nomination from the Republican Party, I think he has an extra chance to win. Otherwise, my prediction is that Bill Clinton will be reelected. But I don't know. And to add one sentence, I think if Colin doesn't decide to run, or if he decides to run and doesn't make it, I think he's very likely to wind up as a vice president or the Secretary of State, which I think would do the country a good service. Next question is from Melanie Yother. Melanie, if you would stand. Can you comment on

the goals and progress of the sustainable development project in Guyana, South America? Is that for Rosen? I mean, I'm familiar with it. You can explain it better. This is one of the most exciting projects that never does get mentioned. But I think you'll find it is. Rosen mentioned foreign aid. And foreign aid in our country is almost two curse words. If you can imagine a candidate for Congress saying I'm foreign aid, you can imagine. And part of the reason is that much of a foreign aid in our country has not worked. I was in Japan last week. And Japan has an extraordinarily good foreign aid program. We call it Overseas Development Administration, ODA. When we go to little countries all over the world, you'll see that the pan will go into that country and say, what do

you really need most? And they say, we need some school buildings. Or we need some deep wells. Or we need some buses to hold our people to market. They provide $34 billion to buy buses or to dig wells or to build some school buildings. The United States foreign aid program is not efficient. We have certain friends that we want to reward and good friends. The United States foreign aid program gives Israel $10 million every day, every day. And we give each more than $5 million every day. If you go to a struggling new democracy like here at TREO, they get $5 million a year. And so it's highly distorted. Well, we decided to try to do something about this. So we selected Guyana in an all-in-part of South America, you know, just meditation to Brazil and Venezuela. As a test case, because it's got a 50-50 division in their population, almost exactly, about half African-Gynees

and about half Indian-Gynees. They'd have come from India earlier. And then about 50,000 and 80th Indians, they call them Amor Indians. We decided to go in there and help Guyana build a long-term plan, so that all the donors in the world, the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund and the South American Development Bank and the USAID, oh, to come and say, okay, what can we do together to help you meet your long-range plan? And this plan would include how to harvest your timber, how to protect your environment, how to build up your elementary school system. What can we do to help you improve your university? What roads do you need to refurbish first? How can we build a dyke back that's leaking some saltwater now into Guyana, which is about 10 feet below sea level, like New Orleans, and so forth. So next spring, we'll be through developing this plan with the help of the Gyanese people of all kinds, women, the Amor Indians, and everybody have joined into this. And as you can see,

I'm getting excited about it, but we'll present that plan from the government of Guyana to all of these donors. And we think that the money that goes into Guyana, they will be spent very wisely and very efficiently. We don't yet know the outcome of it, but so far we've gotten very good support from the government of Guyana, and these major donors have been intimately involved in it from the very beginning. So that's the progress report on Guyana. It'll be probably next March or April that we'll have the meeting, the final meeting between the government and the donor group. So we think this might be a good way to show that foreign aid can indeed be very effective, very efficient, and meet the legitimate needs of the people who receive the aid. A lot of the problem in these countries where a revolutionary, I'm not talking about Guyana, but where a revolutionary takes over the government, the Minister of Health, the Minister of Agriculture, the Minister of the Medicine, have a people that have been in the bush fighting that know nothing about health, agriculture, etc. They don't know how to run departments and that one of the most important things is to have a plan because they don't know how

to plan, they don't have any plans. That's one thing that Guyana, that's been helpful to the guy needs just to develop, I mean that's one reason, just to develop, help them develop a plan that the timber was being stolen, for instance, but they have no way to police it. So with some kind of plan then they can get funds maybe to help themselves to come. We have many, many questions here, but we are short of time, so we'll go to the last question, and I might mention that President Carter has had six requests to read his poetry, and this request comes from Jim Cindelbach, Jim, if you would stand. Would you read a bit of your poetry as you did on the tonight show with Jay Lina? Lina, it was great to hear it in your own voice, and they have sent a portrait book out. Okay. I think there's also a type of Jimmy reading his portrait if you want to buy it. Well, I'll pick out a fairly

good one. I used to know the page number. I'll read a poem that I wrote to one of my favorite people. The name of it is Rosalind. She had smiled, and Bird would feel that they no longer had to sing, or it may be I feel to hear their song. Within a crowd, I'd hope her glance might be for me, but knew that she was shy and wished to be alone. I'd pay to sit behind her, blind to what was on the screen, and watch the image flicker upon her hair. I'd glow when her diminished voice would clear my model, model thoughts like lightning flashing in a gloomy sky. The nothing in my soul with her aloof was changed to foolish fullness

when she came to be with me. With Shania's gone and hair caressed with grey, her smile still makes the birds forget to sing, and me to hear their song. Well, we look forward to seeing you at the second of the series, the changing face of Africa, which will be November 21st at 730 here at the Carter Center. On December 6th, the Carter Center will host holiday stories at the Carter Presidential Center. Tickets for that special event can be purchased in the lobby. Special thank you to President and Carter for a night, and to each of you for being here. Good night, perhaps a little.

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. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Boston's Waterfront, Massachusetts Port Authority officials say it's a possibility. Executive Director Steven Takos says executives from the Walt Disney Company tour the Boston Fish Pier in Waterfront recently and may send another team back to Boston soon to take

a second look. So far, Disney has avoided establishing theme parks in northern climates. On Wall Street, stock prices gained ground in slow trading, the Dow Jones Industrial Average finished 10 points higher at 46.93, standard and poor as 500 stock index was up 1.60. Gold fixed in London this morning at 384.35 an ounce. On the currency exchange in Tokyo, the dollar up a 10th to 91.4 yen. This week's guest on CEO Spotlight every afternoon at 5.24 is Sharon Merrill, president and CEO of Sharon Merrill Associates of Boston and investor relations firm. In sports, the Red Sox winners yesterday over the Blue Jays 5 to 4 in Toronto that sweeps the Blue Jays for the Red Sox and closes out the Red Sox road trip with an 8 and 2 record. The win allowed Boston to remain 5 and a half games in front of the Yankees and the American League East, the Yankees beat Baltimore.

Sox take on the Indians tonight at Fenway Park, Tim Wakefield will be going after his 13th victory of the season, forecast sunshine 75 to 80 for the high today, clear tonight a low in the lower 60s and for Wednesday sunshine a high in the lower 80s. In downtown Boston, 63 degrees, next news at 754 for WCRB News, I'm Ray Brown. Rarely does a book come along that not only defines our times, but changes our lives. Two decades ago, Gail Sheehy wrote such a book, Passages, and now at last she has written the revolutionary bestseller that looks at the new stages of life today. New Passages. It gives us an exhilarating blueprint for a fulfilling second adulthood and entirely new start at midlife. Gail Sheehy's new passages for the rest of your life at bookstores now from Random House. Good morning, 727, I'm Mary Ann Nichols and here is an Obo Concerto by Donut Settie. Normally he wrote operas, but he also wrote some really nice shorter works.

This is one of them. We'll be listening to members of the Riessin Fognera on 102.5 WCRB's Tuesday morning. We'll be listening to members of the Riessin Fognera on 102.5 WCRB's Tuesday morning. We'll be listening to members of the Riessin Fognera on 102.5 WCRB's Tuesday morning.