Public Broadcast Laboratory; 118

says an a and there were seventy to reveal the public it's been an experiment in public television combining elements of information education like tom petty profiles wisconsin's upcoming primaries than ideal chief correspondent edward p morgan with a washington reporter and his point of view at starbucks more on what's happened since the president's record on civil disorders with a return visit by senators reverend frederick douglass kirkpatrick and jimmy carter the most recent foundation report on the future of public television and finally reveal examines all broadcasting with nbc's david gregory tuesday's bill moyers and the

new york times revealed tonight is a magazine and will run almost two hours now after a week in which the american political scene seems to be turned upside down the deal begins with a report by correspondent tom petty from wisconsin the mccarthy for president campaign was alive and real for several days especially mccarthy arrived in wisconsin three days after a spectacular showing in the new hampshire primary his campaign had been ridiculed as a children's crusade because of the young people who are attracted to work for it and because that also in politically naive but for a while at least

the scene like a candidate with a chance for the democratic presidential nomination in nineteen sixty eight go badly stevenson a prophet without honor in its own party was on the verge of becoming a prophet himself but in this epic american political week mccarthy found and so they no longer alone in challenging president johnson in green bay wisconsin right i do think there's room for it yes i dont see this as any particular

problem there that make water up the track a little bit but there is no reason why do people couldn't run for the nomination against president johnson i said i didn't think an incumbent president had any particular claim to re nomination because he was incumbent i don't think anyone on any basis as any claim to a certainty presents exempting the merits of this case in the project of his own ability to be the president devices dunes are concerned every evidence we have now is that they are standing even more firmly than ever in support of my candidacy and i expect that that may be even an extension of the student effort in my big out in the in the primary states and which have been answered wisconsin has a tradition of unorthodox politics madison the capital and home of the state university harbors a legacy of love follows progressive party and has been a center of anti war activity two years ago a twenty nine year old graduate student can work on his wife former

citizens for kennedy fulbright organization and has won seven working for mccarthy and on friday abolished the kennedy organization financial statements and officially disbanding the organization and it was great the mound and now the band wagon now really carry two years ago nineteen sixty six and we got to know that your word election with that young people are on the issues may lose your end of the war about riots in the city and the people we always felt that the candidate came out whether he was the man in the work even of the country and even vietnam

at the office of the wisconsin secretary of state the guys are officially closed the works on that kennedy organization obviously another committee group will be formed later on senator kennedy himself has asked his friends in wisconsin to support mccarthy mccarthy considered that a victory to its presidential primary is april second little more than two weeks away kennedy's name will not be on the ballot and writings are difficult wisconsin voters will have these traditions democrats johnson and mccarthy republican stassen reagan and richard nixon politics is serious business in wisconsin renee the surface of

business as usual the people of wisconsin are unusually restless in these days ahead of the primary election nixon will capitalize on the democratic split unlike the major stride toward the republican nomination people's nerves here are as rosalind wonderland just don't want you as with a continual racial crisis in the democratic primary will intensify division over the war wisconsin is essentially rural and small town was the state where john kennedy and hubert humphrey waged a memorable primary fight eight years ago it is a part of the country that you used in his understanding in the kennedy beat humphrey here again this time wisconsin will be an important political testing ground but this weekend wisconsin's attention was not entirely political this was a weekend of the state high school basketball tournament in madison says that the next two weeks of debate over the vietnam war will judge passions and the emotions that go far deeper than winning or losing a basketball game for

one example is a small town fifty miles north of milwaukee years in sheboygan wisconsin yeah very un happiness is mourning and enjoying lifetime constructed upholstered furniture by your normal available knowledge special low prices you know i'm all in probably the record i did with republicans truly unusual move over nature lovers writes all four pieces only four hundred forty four dollars and three plates at that same we're all the final version avoids where quality cars avoiding population forty seven these aren't concerns the concern about the war itself

from where you're sitting in the middle of the aisle and i think that the main thing that has driven this market on the vietnam war was a short time ago the dean rusk who was testifying before the senate foreign relations committee and said that they would stop the fighting in the market for the chat and i think that vietnam is overshadowing this war and i think the violations we could get would be if we could get a peace in vietnam and i think some of our of our international monetary fund will also be settled with this because you can spend thirty billion dollars a year and not handsome grave consequences monitor and i'd like to see a spending some of its thirty billion dollars it

is the weekly meeting of the kiwanis club jackson school pta the women reflect underlying tensions a backdrop against which the political candidates wage their campaigns and perhaps more concerned about their children about the war i really don't have any worries about that i do yeah we there

yet right now it appears that was great why are you here

i mean you know during a religious training thank you now

thank you but i really don't know why i'm you know at friday night and several hundred and here's another like i think people here are predominantly white middle class most current german ancestry old timers say most of support of the president at least until now for what they are interested in the current film a pointed reference to family and rising anti war opinion throughout the entire population

some politicians who should have been among the first to protest have concluded that the time has come that they determine a consistent stand on this issue we can we're going to have them all even though some of them become rather late reliable route to burn the viruses in return gonna live through or bullish at the library at the door open and invite everyone to come in to carry the fight in that point on we welcome and we're glad to have that really with the welfare of this nation as a cause of which we speak and i think that all of us will be glad in nineteen

seventy eight nineteen seventy five beyond that particular area which exceeded our efforts to be able to say when i asked the question as i think every citizen will be asking what did you do why were you in nineteen hundred and sixty a lawyer i say will evolve to say we were involved in the cause advisors of factory worker in his wife who voted for johnson in sixty four an hour working for mccarthy i have a son who served in vietnam they represent one point of view perhaps a minority view and i personally think mccarthy is a man of great courage it took a lot of courage to do what he just did announce stand for in the issues he believes in whenever they think you can count on income president reagan we're buried at all right now this is them

and so i'm fairly actually remembers that might say it was coming but this is what i get what i mean by kerry h now if he had a strong conviction why didn't you come forward at a time when he shot her mccarthy did and this is the wrong moment stand wine again shows directing years that which we need which we think is the answer for like i said at your son's grow up to enjoy the habits of our country rather than being committed for every fifteen twenty years and boys are the university and in a large organisation the kennedy name is not magic here in nineteen sixty john kennedy was this district to hubert humphrey by andrew martin

what we're trying to do who elected president however he said it's more importantly be good of hard that of spirit than any bees like ark lover or statesman like walking now eight years later beautiful ideal us who've poured into the mccarthy campaign and come to a time of decision kennedy with the name and the money or mccarthy with his crusade and not much more of these young people had been inspired to join the peace corps by john brennan have chosen not to follow his brother the

issues and now he sees the democratic party now he's trying to remind the principle that the idea i am the decision we have been

supporting mccarthy we're going to support him all the way here the thing the fact is that now you have a momentum going that we have shown that people who demanded that her credibility government is going to be an important part in this election the momentum and the major and the whole thing over i would like the people that that in fact not what we can do to prevent them thank you wisconsin will be the last major primary before kevin mccarthy clashed head on in their competing average to prevent the nomination from going to president johnson they cannot possibly maj kennedy has money and organization at the moment it may win in wisconsin where the mccarthy crusade this may represent the last yeah of idealism to play

the viola even in an open society where people threw their chosen representatives are the government the public is forever complaining that it is not being heard last tuesday in new hampshire the public was her even though spraying is almost at hand the voters did not speak with the voice of the turtle they spoke with the voice of dissent which echoed throughout the land almost everybody had his own point of view what the primary results really meant but one significant loomed large which few disputed lyndon johnson's slippage is showing a new toll on the presidency it was loose and left by richard nixon strong and almost totally un challenge showing on the republican paladino rancher them for the quietly applied elbow grease which gave eugene mccarthy a moral victory over the leader of his own party jersey with promises the headlines were hung really is jubilant workers in the minnesota senators washington office gobbled them up along with a rich harvest of mail and

cheering telegrams moral victories do not win elections even though mccarthy picked up a large the evanescent majority of convention delegates in the bargain robert kennedy read the will of the people of the granite state with hard eyed realism though some observers wondered how hard i'd unrealistic it really was the junior senator from new york chuck close a small avalanche of mail and telegrams and a flood of phone calls to his own washington office by re injecting himself into the democratic presidential race some observers questioned the wisdom of his tiny a few even wondered sardonically if he could tell a political time of day for the pregnant probability is that a race between him and mccarthy for the nomination would divide the democratic doves and dubious mug ones down the middle and virtually assure that lbj would slaughter them all at the chicago stockyard convention in always more significantly it

could leave the party in such a shambles that the republican nominee whether he be nixon rockefeller or joe smith from a law would be headed for the white house in january this brings us back to the question of how much the public voice influences command decisions in representative government especially in the intervals between the periodic exercise of that right which the communist have never understood or perhaps better said have understood so well that that there is no part of it namely free elections washington's ancient main post office out of date as the penny postcards handles nearly four billion pieces of incoming mail a year nearly thirteen million a day only a fraction of that is from constituents to congress but it is an important fracture the house received nearly a million and a half letters m on the senate only a little less the white house accumulate a million or so cards letters and telegrams a year during crises of course the postman always

rings more than twice last june the state department got forty five thousand letters alone on the arab israeli war last week the public found its voice over something beyond the new hampshire primary mayo wires cables and phone calls are still pouring in and reacting sharply to the today's a nationally televised hearings of secretary rice stalin reluctant but seemingly tireless testimony before the senate foreign relations committee on johnson war policy in vietnam unsurprisingly chairman fulbright himself got the most made it ran upwards of five to one endorsing his challenge to the white house but the opposition was shot as indicated by samples sorted by a member of the senator specter has a committee chairman or you and treaty to continue to urgently demands cessation of power in

vietnam north hollywood california we supported organized an hour stopped the disastrous johnson last warning now it is more than seven months until election day in the mounting public dialogue or vietnam how much will the president take it into account and shipping are reshaping his approach to one of the most divisive issues the civil war is one quite an expert in inconclusive answer in this reporter's personal point of view there is very little a president johnson will not take into account in weighing the wisdom of his policy in vietnam that it would be awfully easy to conclude that a change in his position on the war were in the offing because of the convulsive developments military political economic and even emotional sepp swiftly and trained by the vietcong tet offensive less than seven weeks ago after all lyndon johnson who is a consummate politician with his own private radar constantly scanning the

body politic for signs of change tj but despite the virtual blast furnace of fresh political pressures still by the new developments ranging from the melting down that george romney is a republican presidential contender for the spiel tempered bild lilli the decision of robert kennedy the challenges own party leader the president may not ordered his corps in vietnam at all don't forget a source close to him reminded this reported last week that london is in our moment in defending that for the alamo now a shrine in san antonio davy crockett and someone hundred ad comrades fighting for the independence of texas from mexico and eighteen thirty six you remember lost their lives down to the last man the somewhat flamboyant point the president's friend was making was that lbj would lose an election before changing the war policy he was still convinced was write that may well be so but heroic though that then maybe a growing number

of americans according to the polls fear that the president's power to twist an old saying about the better of his discretion until last week these citizens faced a presidential election year with mounting an uneasy frustration in an atmosphere of increasing cynicism the assumption had spread that after the tiresome predictable rituals of the nominating conventions the two major contenders for the presidency would be lyndon johnson and richard nixon neither offering a clear cut alternative on the most vital issue of all vietnam the main event could still indeed b johnson versus nixon yet in less than seven day these things have happened in quick succession to broaden the possibility of alternatives the impending rockefeller challenge the nixon the stunning revelation almost missed in the press and secretary rice it's televised appearance before the senate foreign relations committee that a

two to one majority of activity whether hawks or doves republicans or democrats opposed isn't that you are present us policy in vietnam and senator mccarthy sweet victory whether short lived or not in new hampshire and yesterday finally the premier or re run depending on your point of view of a production called new frontier days with the title role as the title role in probably a nixon rockefeller battle will strain the republican party structure even more deeply divisive will be the democratic imbroglio involving the president robert kennedy and senator mccarthy but a far larger fact is that the country itself already terribly torn over the war racial strife and the value of the dollar needs more dialogue than diatribe on these issues and it may now get including a discussion of the connection between the gold prices and the dollar cost of the war in vietnam the odd and wonderful thing about the representative form of

government is that it can make that game called follow the leader more than a perfunctory exercise for the simple reason that in an election year the followers believe that the shape of this is a ruse or that view haun still the civil disorder with roscoe lee brown and reveals dave to the latest report on what public television show and journalism with nbc's david gregory used days bill moyers the old others

thank you thank

you billy these

days again it is fourteen days and we'll examine the report of the president's advisory commission on civil disorder which warn that something must be done now if america is to avoid splitting apart into black and white society since that urgent appeal and videos updated last sunday here is what's happened as reported by beethoven and roscoe lee brown decision say senator robert kennedy list of the president's reaction to the civil disorder report as one of his major dissatisfaction with the current administration the senator's of the report has been largely ignored as for the president well mr johnson spoke to a group of businessmen me as us to find jobs for the nation's half a million hard core unemployed he praised the group are coming to washington as he put it not to complain of crisis but in egypt

not to talk about travel but to tackle it but not a word that he uttered about the report in congress the senate passed a bill barring discrimination about eighty percent of the nation's housing bubble in favor was surprisingly large but in the house republican leader gerald ford has blocked the passage of the bill and is expected to draw water it down open housing while the fuss about someone moving in next door governor otto kerner chairman of the civil disorders commission summed up rather well and talking about the aspirations of the american negro before a congressional committee he said he goes i'm not against white people there against established their rebellion against being excluded they want to take part robert turner also warned against police departments over preparing for summer violence in the event of an emergency kerner noted an armored vehicle could be borrowed from private sources such as banks i mean chicago police spokesman said it doesn't take an imagination to wiretap anyone can do that and imminent the suspended assistant principal of a new york public school

perm and ferguson as the protocols a black survival curriculum for negro peoples he suggested the school day began with the pledge of allegiance to a red black and really flying next the students would like part of prague the core of the curriculum of the weaponry and self defense secretary is that fact the un's office of education has just released the results of a survey of negro students the city schools reserve has asked the question just how and divide our negro students the answer not very pivotal and then largely in retaliation in alabama a black militant stokely carmichael random audience of negro students at stillman college he declared the political power grows out of a barrel of a gun and negroes must get that gut as he spoke of michael's wife or somebody guards dressed in combat jack gets our budget since spring and even young militants fancy must turn to william mccabe she and stokely announced their engagement last thursday she's in south africa he's from trinidad and it happened in

america in the old days would've said only in america and soak them at age six in ohio governor james rhodes signed the bill wyman riot that's why were more person's engaged in violent and more to wisconsin and in the centuries and officially go services society some things up pretty well when he said it like a man on a cliff watching to passenger trains on a collision course i have friends on both trains and i'm screaming my head off but no one hears a lot of this is drawing lovingly poking rosie is it

you are are you or

are are you these things david lately everyone has been talking about public

television congressman foundations newspapers and all on the heels of the blog and carnegie reports now comes a revolutionary new document the city and foundation commissioned report on educational television mr lionel but also the sinking on this here tonight to talk about justin ross why another report on educational television why not going to take it all well you know you might say burning perennial question what question was that what should we do with the foundation's money this year oh i see so you chose public television into her for two reasons the first it's vital to america's future and second well everybody else was doing report on your right well yes the committees and commissions everywhere so we set up a commission like the carnegie commission moment why wouldn't they used fifteen distinguished americans are just more normal one distinguished

american to fairly distinguished americans tend mediocrity use and too definite liabilities our commissioned work for an entire year and for the first six months that they just watch television rule of conference all about then they buckle down and this is the result of its ad based on rigorous statistical surveys computer analysis of census data and love a little sly guess work up what does this had to ford and comedies work well ultimately we hope to fill in the blanks in the nexus of the bible superstructure they have suggested following the undercurrents of their guidelines down obvious by roads that will maximize the potential of educational television think that's true or not what were the commission's conclusions we had fifty now left over so

i'm a little film of the report so why don't we watch it and mentor can we stop this it is a glance at this graph and the economy report shows us in nineteen sixty one that was sixty one educational stations in the united states in nineteen sixty four there were one hundred and twenty four at this rate doubling every five years that by the year

twenty sixty eight the united states would have one hundred and fifty million educational television stations that'll be fun educational station every three persons almost everyone will work on educational television and honestly watching it ends the commission's concern and says this report and hence the following the recommendations the county how is it educational television financed with difficulty as pie chart shows how an average educational station gets its dollars from state and city governments private subscriptions federal government foundations loan sharks cottage industry tinfoil dr rummage sales and of course nobody

lives anymore money where'd you get it now for the suggestion revenue from a communication satellite comedy once an excise tax on television sets both would make money but neither would automatically improve the quality of television so to finance educational television while improving its quality the sinking fund recommends several proposals thank you the tax would be especially high when laughter is used for such lines as hello yes the double take when this tax the public can do is cut down commercial television and it

rises public television then an alternative proposal is a dead body attacks simply attacks on imaginary slayings each time an outlaw dies on commercial television he finances a poet on public television now in all fairness public television should also be taxed that there might be a consecutive interviews tax for over twelve interviews and roll or an irrelevant documentary tax or a coal impacts of too many shows with titles such as lichtenstein europe's leading majid shirley temple and italy is high wind farms a caucus new jersey in the

world as a last resort we recommend the public television except advertise and some appropriate for for instance culture commercials that combine poetry and the pitch do you want a lonely as a cloud of clothes on high on trails in heels dr alicia terrain april is the cruellest month breeding lilacs out of the dead land mixing memory and desire bringing annoying had calls so why not try it since money isn't everything the commission

recommends reorganization part one out of medical certification educational television is engraved out of the trouble take this recent sentence at the educational television production from any t national educational television p b l a public broadcast laboratory and undp new york station at scene although the hand easton educational network it was announced by the end at the national association of educational broadcasters in nyc new york city the things are clearly gotten out of hand the commission recommends the immediate pilot merger of any gp b l and they can add two former rebel ten ms aisha whose function is not yet clear but which is certainly neater and less confusing you end the t n e and will become a new diet and eventually ran a newer band will coalesce into talent when the pan which of course is welsh for educational television

everybody is talking about public television senators congressmen foundations broadcasters any tpp old captain kangaroo everyone thinks he knows how to run and about who should many want to public television is in danger because too many cooks spoil the world we think they should be just one cook and who is the best cook on educational television mrs julia child that's what the commission recommend that mrs julia child went wrong the educational television nice but he's big

and it follows upon work the commission concluded that there are just two kinds of television many people anymore i think there is a tv and pre tv public tv and commercial tv c a tv nba jeff tv and you age of tv and you you age of tv which can only be seen by gongs not to mention close circuit tv and in flight tv but after careful consideration the commission concluded that there are really just two kinds of tv oj tv and the tv gee tv is good tv and the tv is back at the tv is almost anything involving

a talking horse the tv isn't as professor who can see the teleprompter trying to lecture entendre the tv is the seventh carbon copy of the miss america pageant the tv is the video survey of twentieth century french painting which leaves out the casa committees from the secret of the tv and the tv we drew our most important conclusion as bleak statistics show that twenty eight point one percent of public television is brilliant fifty one point six percent is really marvelous very good useful or all right seventeen point five percent is either the

tv or cio at the god awful tv and the rest is undecided not knowing this and given reasonable assets there is no reason why public television cannot be perfect the following a recommendation is the commission's you know has been you discover a new series

bill moyers we will continue to and it is the

pay to play down in the iraqi navy this institution thousand one midwest campus recently in which students intimate are going directly with the more years you have served in government and journalism it is doubly hard therefore believe what you have to say i'm author

alfred bill moyers publish your news day says more and more americans no longer trust the news media and he fears this mistrust leads to cynicism destructive to democracy can we believe the news we read and see and are our newspapers and television programs telling us all we need to know to try to answer those questions we set out on an experiment we decided to cover one story intensively that way we could give you the information you would need to know for the second part of the experiment at that time you will see how other journalists covering the same story that we'll be able to compare the story we picked was the january fifteenth demonstration in washington of the jeannette rankin brigade a group of women from all over the country who wanted to petition congress to prepare for immediate withdrawal from vietnam and turned to problems of race and poverty at home barely there was an airstrike in the eighty seven year old former congresswoman who voted

against us entry into both world wars we had several reasons for that choice first demonstrations have played a significant role in our nation's politics ever since the boston tea party second demonstrations are shaped in part for the media and news that if they're not careful may cover only the ritual not the reality third many citizens and some newsman say the press does a lopsided job one demonstrations focusing on beatniks and beards siding with the establishment the president and others say the press pays too much attention to protesters coverage of the pentagon demonstration last year was heavily criticized the editor of one washington newspaper admitted he was carried away by photographs of violence not typical of the entire scene many people said the coverage emphasize pictures like these military young radicals almost to the exclusion of dignified middle class protestors some observers wondered why the networks considered live coverage but drop the idea nor did newspapers and television overwhelm the nation with pictures of

violence aimed at protesters jonathan chernobyl a freelance cameraman shot this film about the night watch have the story of the jeannette rankin brigade is of course of a different order we expected a few thousand women marching peacefully not overwhelming yet not unimportant therefore a good story for our experiment so the film you're about to see about sixty minutes' worth is two things our story of the brigade and the yardstick for what will follow and evaluation of the coverage we set to work a few days before the march itself with three camera crews and seven reporters the first thing we learned was that the brigade leaders were determined to keep their march peaceful and orderly and then we learned the brigade was having serious difficulties

with the congressional leadership honorable mike mansfield democratic senator from montana senate majority leader here it is hugh issues and answers from washington dc to why the american broadcasting company it was ok congressman well she said she would like to bring along as many of her fellow actors as possible at least bring them into the couple you think there should be any limit on the number of demonstrators who were committed in or around the couple of iraq and board meeting all along do you like to see the other

among others he plans to organize a peace demonstration in washington and that we weren't any was organize mass demonstrations in the spring demonstrations in your view have an important effect on congress know the jeannette rankin brigade wanted to march to the steps of the capitol and seen as rankin present its petition to senator mansfield and speaker mccormack the congressman refused to go to the stats are over the capitol police board reflecting the views of the leadership in both the law title forty paragraphs one ninety three of the us code which prohibits groups from assembling or parading on capitol grounds country and california in states where a fortune has no fence around it and that the torch from all the world to come here

joyce will be permitted and by various groups for years old types of legislation and have no control of the exercise of all i'm saying that ferguson will become necessary to build a fence around a couple the brigade went to court it charged first that the law violates the constitutional right to assembly and petition circulates lawyers said the capitol police board enforces the law when it wants to forget that when it wants to be in court the government said it never permits political demonstrations we checked june thirteen nineteen sixty three supporters of medicare the man addressing them is speaker john mccormack of massachusetts

september thirty nineteen sixty five visitors protesting the seating of five mississippi congressman they also paraded through the corridors of the capitol january ten nineteen sixty seven about one thousand supporters of adam clayton powell the new york times story said the capitol police chief told the reporter is orders were to permit demonstration speaker mccormick ducked a question about its legality clearly congress has seen fit to suspend the prohibition for some but not for the brigade the women did sue and the court agreed to decide the case after the march capitol police were very helpful they said that women could assemble in groups of five or ten more like a tortoise than demonstrators or the police said they could walk down louisiana avenue to assemble a grant statue off the capitol grounds representatives of the brigade check that routine place of assembly it was remote they feared nobody would see that the

alternative was to break the law but that within the coalition women from such organizations as the wider view ca and national council of jewish women joined on the condition that the protest be legal and peaceful reluctantly the brigade agreed to assemble you need money it's boring this

is weekend edition washington's union station this train from philadelphia in all three thousand women came from the east mostly but also from the south midwest farmers they came as individuals but belong to civic and religious groups and activists quaker went on strike for peace women's internationally for peace and freedom of the press your one question for you here is because i don't like those body or any

characters that are vying for it the brigade was new it expressed purpose to petition the congress as it reconvened after christmas vacation petra coalition we thought we wanted to do such demonstrations are the activities of that time they never joined the peace movement per se or partly because they had not been their main interest in life and partly because they were repelled by the general reputation of you know police confrontations i thought

so please mm hmm nine at the eighteen thousand we talked to hundreds of women asking their views about

anti war sentiment back home and their response to the capital that the mother of negro private ron bachman jailed for refusing to fight in vietnam said her son was patriotic woman from western springs illinois said almost all her neighbors oppose the war regardless of party affiliation a negro mother of six some in uniform said she hoped her congressman would see the amputees coming home from vietnam to fort leonard wood missouri many of the women said they were disappointed they could not march to the capital but they did not want to defy the band occasionally got an

ah ha the only speaker of plants where was vivid berlin for as the actors i mean how many do you will hire you ahead we

can hear you thank you many in the community has been always be the fbi

i'm a ceremony a grand square was over most of the women say they were pleased that not everybody is peaceful and dignified it was a nod to one of the cds you need to pay the county has been

here now the disappointed and the pleas boarded buses for a hotel where they would confer on vietnam and domestic crises we we annie in egypt

and i mean and he's leonard cohen and why she spoke as a radical and rouse the audience as nobody else had and women there was talk of banning them from the room speakers for the richie what they saw as an ineffectual protests

and a sense of the radical caucus was clear no favorite a peaceful march to influence government policy so i wanted to leave the hotel much of the capital and in the main ballroom most of the brigade faith with his writings political approach at that i don't think that they can expect a nation the emotions i will do anything but helm a few hundred state of washington a joint workshops talked about the press civil disobedience politics some stayed overnight to visit their congressman but most went home tired and thoughtful this

bill i think has been the primary thanks bye those local coalitions have in fact sprung into existence in

several communities as mrs weiss predicting and the brigade meeting today talked about making the coalition still broad and placing new emphasis on the problems at home that is our story as for its significance well this was first a coalition that brought many middle class women unaccustomed to demonstrating into active opposition to national policy secondly this coalition of newcomers and veterans march not just repeat that with a specific and rather militant the mind that congress prepare for immediate withdrawal from vietnam and the women couple that with a demand for action on the problems of race and poverty it home professor jost of the lighter than the university of california berkeley is a veteran journalist work is part of the beauty of seeing on this project he found other significant point at a time when everyone is worried about violence and the authorities to all sorts of obstacles in the way of some women who were promised a

peaceful demonstration the authorities even invoked a little used law to prevent them from assembling at the steps of the capitol to present their grievances i think the apprehension and even hostility that women encounter tells us something significant about the atmosphere washington here we have this huge deployment of police with the chief worrying that someday we might even have to put up a fence around the capital and the senate majority leader who says a sandwich is like this one have the slightest effect on congressman's opinions what does all this mean in terms of the old fashioned idea that american citizens are supposed to participate in the democratic process i think that women's reaction wallace was very interesting they were a wide variety of types but they move very noticeably towards a more militant position as if they were saying well if that's the way you feel about it will just get tough to they're obviously getting more and more irritated with the way men were running things finally

i was impressed by the women's reports of strong anti war sentiment in their own communities cutting across party lines that is what we thought important in the way of information and me now let's see what newspapers and television reported first a general survey we read newspapers and wire copy from all over the nation we watch the television networks they sent a lot of reporters and devoted a lot of time and space to the starry most of it one team is ranked and admittedly colorful figure and the peaceful nature of the protest the news media often did not mention and never explore the nature of the coalition the ban on marching to the capital the women's reaction to it or their determination to go in for more political action the washington post is one of very few exceptions otherwise the media told you only about ms rankin and a small quiet crowd we're saying in some that we emphasize certain information most of the press and television emphasize other information

to explore the difference well now look more closely at the coverage examining in turn nbc news huntley brinkley program the new york times the washington post and the united press international nbc starry the evening of january fifteenth opened with david brinkley reading this statement on camera a former member of congress jeannette rankin of montana was the only member to vote against entering world war one and then also to vote against and during world war two at that point was to brinkley continue to read over a film of the event here is a print of that film and mr brinkley script she's now eighty seven retired from congress today in washington she led a group of about five thousand women in a peace march around the us capital and so it was clear that had she been in congress to have the chance she would also have voted against the west and during the vietnam war nobody not

even the former member of congress is allowed to demonstrate on the grounds of the us capitol celeste likens regions march from the railroad station about a half mile away to a park near the capital and had a peace rally there she's asking for votes against every politician who supports the war after the speech and some singing his reich and went over to see where senator mike mansfield who is highly sympathetic and presented him a petition asking that the new congress made ending the war its first business rate farkas was nbc spielberg is here i asked how he researched them into contact and i talk to her and gentlemen what was going through their weapons right what time they start in theaters around illegally again we still don't know what to expect and of course i knew something about ms reinking right about now you're the

field how do you deploy troops this is where they were born some of the activities what they plan to do so we have basically we have the troops in parkinson's care cruel to have a camera crew at the point where they were going to start with those union station here in washington we had a camera man at the office and senate majority leader mansfield which was one response to those and also another cameraman at the auction house speaker mccormick and we're just sort of waiting in following birds to see what happened with the demonstration was nothing really do have a we try to establish a mood as well as people that showed the girls lady ladies marching with the capitol in the background

another angle showed looking down the mall and you can see the washington monument in the distance just to give you a feeling of where you were and then we showed part of the rally which took place a little park in the capital and that this point instead of using there was a speech at that point that somebody read a declaration about their opposition to the war in vietnam and instead of using this since we've had many such speeches on the air we used young lady and leading them into signing and you had two or three thousand people saying you know we were singing america the beautiful and spur job and was something very different than those demonstrations we get here so you they were

protesting and then we also use some of mr rankin who obviously the center central figure and was visiting with mr mccormick oh i wrote the voiceover what mr brinkley reagan thought they were brilliant writes although i cried supply and with information has through all of those stories and we might suggest things that emphasize that in the end he writes i look very attractive feature of the story was that first of all it was led by mr ackerman as a marvelously eighty seven years old and i am delighted to say about it that age doing anything particularly out leading a peace march when i'm eighty seven on real life i just like to make a lot of women who believed in what they were doing believed in what they were saying and they said it pretty effectively iphone and it was non violent which certainly did not detract from and

we gave it all the coverage we thought was necessary to coordinate <unk> brinkley star has said nothing about the collision between veterans and newcomers nothing about the specific plea for immediate withdrawal or the link to social crisis at home i asked why that information was unveiled in a story like there's almost any store you can go as deeply into it you get to write a book about that if you want you can trace the history of each woman in gold if you have the time to work we'll return to that question of airtime but note that mr falk is told us pictures were his chief concern that's perfectly logical of course television is a medium for pictures pictures convey a special kind of information a sense of the occasion when they dominate other information gets lost we wrestle with the same problem and putting the segment together but to get back to where time mr ridley says he hasn't enough in fact his story around fifty two seconds it isn't long but the question

it raises is how much information can you put into fifty two seconds we experiment we put together a fifty two second story and try to put more into it first hour on camera introduction jeannette rankin the eighty seven year old former congresswoman who voted against and during both world wars led three thousand women to washington today they claim the jeannette rankin brigade to petition to congress as it reconvened the women were veteran peace marchers and new recruits mostly from religious and civic organizations their demands were long but congress prepare for an immediate withdrawal from vietnam and to medicare into urban and racial problems at home the women wanted to march to the capital the police have no although others have raided there so they walked instead to a park three hundred yards away while ms rankin went into the capital to

you later they assembled at a hotel some younger radical women protested the brigades failure to defy the ban but most women seemed to agree with his reich and that they should use political means to change national policy still not very good but it does prove that you can fit more information into a limited time in fifty two seconds if you have the information like your story we'll show in the case of a demonstration just the ritual or it may be inaccurate distorted it was like an information that led nbc to state as fact that quote nobody not even a former member of congress is allowed to demonstrate on the grounds of the us capitol on quote let's turn now to the new york times the times ran this story on january sixteenth cage free of factual account of the event about six hundred words long with photographs and there was reference to the brigade in the front page story on

congress is opening day senators morrison greening tried but failed to make the brigades petition the first order of business is to see how the times approached the story we talk with clifton daniel managing editor marjorie hunter wrote the patriarchal and blogs at national news editor when the parliament reports congregants though that the story requires if there is no sex in central park as part of a nearby gas can take a picture but to ocean was rammed each other in the atlantic as has happened in recent years win or forty fifty or sixty people to cover the events so it's just a question of magnitude has nothing to them at all as elaine yeah

ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha's that demonstration was a much more fair it was in downtown washington that doesn't involve well ah long march and when we talk to people or bad it's

morning edition the new york times did not think the stories significant and its coverage was limited the washington post work differently starting a week before the march its women's section covered preparations the band the lawsuit road features on this rankin and other leaders the day after the march of post like the times but the brigade in a front page story but it also devoted almost the entire woman's section two a narrative and sidebar stories on who the women were where they came from what they thought it went to the petition it ran a story on the radical caucus the only one we saw in the press and the next day the post wrote a follow up on how brigade leaders evaluated their march to find out why the posted it that way we talk with judith martin reporter and helen dublin editor of the woman's action

as bad is bad they actually at seventy four but our praise and their team reports this one right along right well we were trying to tell us that the women left handed out of the ordinary laden mostly well educated women and that most of them we are trying

for the washington post the brigade was a hometown story a political story in the nation's capital and a chance for the woman's page to put its best foot forward by day united press international serves forty three hundred clients that means millions of americans learned of the brigade from upi wire stories in newspapers on radio and television in the fall we found this writing this crime more than once as dowager queen of the piece knicks or the nation's senior hippie the very same stories contradicted that describing women as dignified and middle class in one story upi wrote about ms rankin alone then added also sponsoring the demonstration is one is right for peace the coalition as you know was somewhat broader finally upi carried an estimate of the crowd as five thousand persons you may in fact have noticed that nbc said about five thousand so did many others we said three thousand in most cases the press based its

estimate of that of capitol police chief gen powell he told me later he thought he was being a bit generous and in fact it was we played two reporters with automatic counters like this one at union station the washington post did the same and the three founders were an almost perfect agreement there were three thousand marchers someone who of course did not march for travel directly to the shoreham hotel we talk to roger to terry an editor and vice president of upi about the problem of counting her out i think we have to have very large and any single person

in the exploration we just concluded turned up many criteria by which newsman determine how to cover a story size the chance of violence time pressures space personal reactions nbc needed pictures of the top items on the protests small post had several reasons to cover extensively hugely i wanted perhaps to entertain with these victims of the news media determined by these criteria what information you get your journalists still arguing general that they report stories objective or tried to what happened

you evaluate the anti war protest a demonstration like orwell have opinions or profession is thinking about my baby and my my job is to record what happened not express opinions about an end to this question a lot myself that you know finally i'm in the congo he's been jobless for years mr brindley a

lot of people i've talked to say that there wasn't a job is to give the people of facts let them make up their own well i must've known people who haven't the faintest idea what they're talking about it was a fact to go back a few years it was a fact that senator joseph are mccarthy held up a piece of paper and said i have here in my hand the names of eighty eight or ninety six or four hundred or whatever communists in the state department fear that was the fact that he did that where he said our ally he had a nose so what i have then i would you have been or anyone have been doing his job simply to report the fact and them to stop and to give the audience a reader where no basis on which to judge very meaning it isn't

always that clear what effect is a way and when you say give them the facts are facts comic which once baltimore some of them obviously is always some of the solar choices to be made of which facts sure that is just as much an editorial judgment is if you sat down and wrote an editorial on the editorial no that's much much much too soon and that in fact camp cannot be applied in if you were simply going to deliver the facts and is becoming a sort of telephone whatever goes in one end of the telephone comes out they are an unchanged in that case than anything said by anybody in congress however a foolish however there really is our lives however local insurer irrelevant stupid then in that case i would simply have to say what everybody said giving everybody equal amounts of time with indian news program i would be a trash can so

whoever has said that to really didn't know anything in all of german and i hope you are not in it you can try that for a long time has been a myth about journalism and it's shared by people who read or send us an image shared by those of us who are in the profession at mit has been that newspapers are simply mirrors of the of the world as someone as he has said which we simply reflect what is happening this i think is at sheer nonsense the lessons i've learned in government and in journalism is at the greatest myth about journalistic objectivity

objectivity is really subjective and your objectivity is intensely personal we looked at something that's happening in the way that we're accustomed to looking ahead to what we report therefore is not sure an unadulterated objectivity when it's a subjective reaction of one individual one human being something that going all three part of the cure for this exaggerated near the city of journalism and nets that objectivity so that we will be few great expectations people have which we can never fulfill and that is that we can look down from libya's can tell people oh what is true what started as an examination of the coverage of the washington demonstration as expanded into a much more general discussion that's fine but the comments of the journal's weaver also explain why most of the news media didn't get at the real significance of such matters is a ban on the women's assembling of the capitol steps or the refusal of congressional leaders to meet the demonstrators outside

or senate majority leader mansfield interesting declaration that it is a waste of time for demonstrators to come to washington and the media with some exceptions treated the women as a crowd rather than as individuals what their own disagreements use and information about all sorts of things taking place in their own communities we try to show you the faces of some of these women and let you know how they express themselves and sort of the washington post why did the rest of the media handler much as they get one woman a manhattan lawyer named florence kennedy it is this way mcgrath is a part of the whole media situation and the press belongs more like the big business because advertisers are more important subscribers the news doesn't really give it and when everybody thought smile at it really except that the advertisers would then have an excuse to withdraw their advertising now i think that the television particularly of the public eye chart that's

been taken away by government turned over school the industry to make multi billion dollar exclusive ski industry supported by the purchase of the bowls five thousand women and women like that i just cannot understand the twenty five thousand women from all over the country is not important particularly when they're challenging the very basis of international in domestic policies i don't agree with mrs kennedy that the news media are always on the side of the establishment and against the protests the presses in the conflict or the establishment over vietnam which is what the demonstration was all about but the press has a habit of measuring stories importance by how big the crowd is the amount of violence the important people involved if an event is quiet subtle it gets just a routine treatment all we get is the image in the mirror mr terry and talks about we missed the halls subliminal world of ideas feelings invisible change also

reporters are victims of their media the whole emphasis on getting things fast and putting it all a neat little packages especially on television maybe we shouldn't put all the blame for this on the news media a lot of us just don't want to be bored by something that takes more than fifty two seconds to explain we're in a hurry we don't have the time we want fast relief in view of all this what should journalism be trying to do the druids as basic responsibility is is the key people involved in their society and indeed with the institutions of society which you're constantly be reforming constantly being german and partly to be reshaped i propose them as the mourners that a reporter in order to do that job must become involved using all his thinking capacity to record accurately and evaluate identifying his role in the process what they do on the edge of something that

is going to be a major development in the history of journalism and this is the really is no such thing in journalism as an innocent bystander if a man has a bystander he is an innocent man and to really understand what's going on for that he could make sense to the reader he has to be part of it and see it as a participant and report what we feel you do not have to accept that if you're the reader do not subscribe to but you do have to get a feeling that you know in trying to do his best to tell you another man what he has seen and felt about something that didn't happen and this film opened the creative process of journalism in a way that writing the five w's of the old traditional newly will never do the old professional theory of objectivity as a greater hold on newsman than they realize it's obvious that nobody can be perfectly

objective but what's less obvious is that nobody should try for to the extent that the reporters succeeds in being detached neutral america the world he inhabits his natural inclination to evaluate what he sees and hears that keeps him from getting the story or at least from getting the kind of information that we the people need in order to figure out how to solve society's problems if journalists are inhibited by that professional theory of objectivity it would explain the difference between our report and there's on the brigade let me make one point where obviously we're not suggesting every newspaper or television news department should have spent the time we get on the march those judgments are bombed the very end they should but the news media's failure to get to the heart of the demonstration it's rather typical of their approach to many stories and i think that many of the journalists you heard would agree that some new approaches are needed

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assistant was received from public television stations in los angeles washington dc as in wisconsin and new york and emails of the public television station in fargo north dakota which starts its annual fund raising drive this week to pay more do you do you know