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fb thank you it's b education video of originates from washington dc and boston massachusetts npr has been on location with filmmaker ingmar bergman in his native sweden this week that says that was the film opened across the nation one who should play bpl enters the harbor and that's what's holding up these negotiations between america and north vietnam former us and thus mr edwin or russia or in boston is interviewed from washington

by the old chief correspondent edward you know tomorrow midnight the deadline for income taxes a look at how some money makers management in the law to get away with little or no taxes at all recently new hampshire the big news for movie fans for some movie fans this week was not the academy awards it was the opening too enthusiastic reviews across the country of a new movie that was the opening of the hour of the wall a film by ingmar bergman good evening i'm

louis friedman ingmar bergman has written and directed twenty nine films and titles like the seventh seal the silence and persona are already classics they're not easy movies like sternberg's plays they often tell disagreeable stories and sometimes like gothic fairy tales are absolutely perfect but they're always profoundly moving tonight we will examine berlin's work look at excerpts and listen to birdland talk about it himself in nineteen fifty three birdland wrote and directed sawdust and pencil known here as the naked night it's opening sequence makes a brilliant introduction to his work a circus caravan in the nineteenth century is traveling along the world have gone to men sit sleepily on the front of a wide and one of them telling a story a bergman film isn't as a flashback and requires no knowledge of the swedish language

the story is about a regimen of soldiers a clown and omar the clowns white in an era here he is

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task sexual is not afraid to stare at the deepest humiliation of the most prolonged agony he tells his story the way a poet would with stark emotion packed images this winter bergman was in for an island in the baltic sea directing a new movie called shame shame is about a man and his wife both musicians struggling to survive in a world torn apart by unending war when destruction is everywhere and in burton's own words when music is dead in it the violent passions that interest him are expressed by equally violent actions at we can ingmar bergman onset never stops

moving is involved in every detail and notices everything he talks to everyone having last minute instructions pouring out energy turns imagination into action and acts of destruction into a wonderful game the paintings became it's been in the past that's bad we can speak nice

to be here ms bergman so famous last item is a sure sign that things are going well his response to the act has complained about a minor cut was never mind it was fun wasn't it at the cameraman is worried are empty shells were hitting him in the face and he closed his eyes before atlanta the machine gun in fact shot turned out perfectly so then make this has been her lens camera man for nine pictures before him mr fisher film twelve bergman screw is made up of men and women who work for him over and over again law first rate but that is not enough

if bergman likes them and if bergman trust them then they can become part of the magic circle that surrounds him when he makes a movie within that circle is the security that bergman needs in order to work for a single unfriendly vibration can destroy the entire atmosphere perhaps that's one reason why he uses the same actor so many times hardman is happiest far from stockholm the island before it gives them the broad lines of the sea in the balance we are the beaches that he loves his most vivid images standout against the simple elemental landscapes his pictures taken special unforgettable quality from the natural light either the formidable frozen winter light of the north or the delicate white light of the swedish midsummer it's hard to remember that most of us have never understood a word of berlin's pictures and only know them in translation and

and wherever films are shown that people look forward to ingmar bergman his next movie last year was persona this year it's the hour of the wolf next year will be shame but before nineteen fifty five bergman was unknown outside of sweden and unpopular at home his reputation was for gloomy and and profitable pictures he was willing to answer questions about that reputation well let me ask you then did it influence you in the decision to make smiles of a summer night because they had political rhetoric i had to have a car that would please the company was there one day when i made black history but when they saw the picture they were to be disappointed it was really one of my last chances because a i had kind of a difficult as a tool to get my pictures

of my scripts so they didn't ask me at all and you know it was nineteen fifty five and i felt that was a to me it was the end of my life as a filmmaker am i had started to make a men's pictures of citizens united at an auction and grammy and an arab world no they refused with a difficult to know because it because to do to have us too complicated and doesn't look worse to come and they would do is design time they were disappointed the violence overnight made his success in sweden and then they they think can and then stunningly and i had my first international success and

turn my boss was something kahn is in the sand dunes a picture of what was a vote and then i had it i bought a ticket on my own life the script with me and did i went to my boss and confiscate before him and seven or lower the sentences and then said all right so to five days there's a hundred thousand goats and freedom of the ground which is about well it's been less than a hundred thousand dollars and he has matched eight years ago so if i'm much less than seven thousand dollars but the un mandate and then the posters above was bought but it was successful was no i was not no no oh multiple it was opening an international it was a it was a success so they go

well i think once i read that you have three rules that day you must be true to your own artistic conscience you must make every film as if it were your last which you know is the most attract an audience have you felt that you succeeded on those three and to satisfy the novel is that i know when it but i have understood later i stink about a year ago with all my pictures on their teams they're not in the same meaning that they have granted now but it in the way i have i have a very long and i have seen them before every everything i have seen or coach and that of course and that i

used reality and i have that in their combined reality so good at exactly as louie news the neumann combine and every picture every every one of my picture the pictures are the quarantines but secretly in the sky suddenly meet in their minds me it's my dreams don't feel that they are close to their dreams i think it is the best nasa communications it's a connotation and thats the best that can occasionally you not unlike a

dream this is so it's so interesting like a dream you know have to understand that no you just have to recognize that i you know then as a dream is we never intellectual but as food and wang says it can spot your ticket because arguing director and maybe can give you know will shortz new wave your own state suddenly and it can give you the song the little bit of a new way of of the company alive and diseases ranging was for me and for the organ huge only when i have to read the picture and it you know it speaks in the seven seat that i was

covered in english friend of death dates <unk> ii it was living in a madness in support of course always behind my back as a show and i wrote the idea is that the sense you don't seem keen ear they may be denied as to are you yea didn't get a lot in the lingo that fastidious repaired ink body is frightened but i am not an old

it picture and of the head do maybe my fear of this was absolutely disappeared off the offensive if you will he's been a crack the night challenges deaf to a game of chess or as suitable morning of tvs at our holiday hesitate suspicious he defected you going to any consensus in the corner that have only a bustling yesterday will still let him up for your mind as long as the game continues the night live the peace corps blank it's an unconscious that when you're ready to do it you then go ahead and do it for what seemed to be other reasons why did you think you were making seventh seal when you made it right through

and i don't know exactly because they know of course i knew so well and that's the flag that way was the results of the new symbol of photos or something like that but that was not important for me because suddenly i had an enormous the desire to make a life in the voters' least in it mike and his son and to the lives of coming so the country that was in the enormous danger where death was everywhere yes yes and death was was the next in the village square

oh geez as a new law vi will thanks to its knees before the procession of monks and

flatulence is the men and women were commissioned themselves christians trying to repent for the labor strikes there a warning like the piece these and he had this idea of films being dreams a long time or is that something you

discover that it has a year ago that three sentences and suddenly of course i have a list of some of my pictures were dreams and pop of them there were dreams these fantasy teams in the last jury it was riveting and like a dream it's actually been really clicking with me and of course i knew that there was a mystique or a combination between my dreams and in my pictures but that all of my pictures of our dreams but in the end that this a new experience for the very fact that you filled that sequence where the clowns wife goes down with the soldiers you showed that without spoken those sound the menu is its the combination of music and drums and has that and reality

of a dream in that sense that it has it that is not natural realistic drama it's easy to see that some of your films can be considered dreams but the later films that you've been making since through a glass darkly are less green line they can't kick the cost was a bit horrified as a bit in some reality is always when you doing it it's very realistic it's only us says there's more tornadoes crew were very early so it is absolutely a security guarantee they committed and it makes you insecure and through a glass darkly

here for people in an absolutely natural real situation is it that it's heightened reality or is it actually when you say something happens that indicates that it's not just real i want to learn it was that the terrible green stops in the middle of the picture it i am i and i introduce you julie you knew foreign stands at the seaside and stays times no one thing to raise coming of jesus openly stated europeans away that these and expect do

you think any of what of doing an event and you begin to share new orleans thing stop watching and begin to me inside the madness that is that's healthy or sick i'm al no no no forty the power and the pain you

did you consciously go back to the same set of problems when you made our of the wall was that a decision when i saw the picture i said to myself it's interesting because he takes the same situation that he began with went through a glass darkly did you consciously do that decide to go back an unknown thing that knocked not accepting like that because yes i'll always been interested in as a function of arguments amongst the mens us the brutal attack hope that that that it is the last that you have some of that noone bank and i always have been interested in those voices inside you went i think of people do and

these voices saying and those forces i wish it didn't go through two cups than in reality to do to make them visible has put them in reality and the way the old lady's suddenly appears handing man washing hanging up along oh oh he has been through thats thats that is change

who knows and demons to coordinate movement that then there'd be created a lego dimensions very very iffy because they came very many phones and then third so they were all of them and i had difficulty is too warm to select they or won't like they would come for them to vote the fifties and i wrote i see those steel for books father of the notes ways to his religion but that was then third movement very quiet silent

was a shambles of don't want to have a song when i arrived and the nice letter to work and i had to the finish to move i couldn't think a bit off there too full of relief i couldn't see them because they were a wooden cabinet and they wouldn't give it ok dr billy a question there was a human being many many years having a party of balances village to real here's talk and act naturally through the eyes of the audits mr neas

jamie jenny like watches his reality breakdown and television even for the audience at a slight exaggeration become ambiguous warnings but the words remain a casual conversation of any dinner party and how he saw it it would be yes oh man

thank you drunken behavior that's his name yeah humans have taken over in the complete edition

it is they wake me in the night of the storm that are inherent in the new moon is in the lonely and i'm going to talk to me the peoples of that is very strange and very often making the picture they are absolutely i was close

it's been years just as

the characters out of ingmar bergman so imagination to become world famous solo the actors who portrayed them can of beer and strong ingrid to in bebe anderson and harriet anderson will probably prove to be as immortal as the stars in the films of dw griffith's max fancy that has already played tenor roles including the night in the seventh seal and co star as willy loman in shame and in the hour of the wolf or so mine was introduced last year in persona ask you about the scene at the opening of our own war which is one of the longest continuous takes i think that i can remember from a very real for many movie where you come out of the house and talk directly to the camera about the diary and about what's happening in syria must run for minutes five minutes maybe it's an extraordinary scene and you just sit there and talk you don't get

into pain you know if it wasn't difficult because we haven't done very much of the film then i knew that can't play it was a very long scene i could use my imagination so this woman felt i could get the base woman in the way that i think he'd he writes his bedouin rights than lines in a way that makes it very easy to make them alive one months till when you're supposed to speak and i

i think that many of the scenes special teams can be much more difficult i think perhaps that scene is a perfect example of what would much was talking about is that in terms of what the rhythm and the way mr bergman gets rhythms give you up you're allowed the freedom of your own pace and yes oh yes that's drew carey we have all the time just take your time do as you hear you know you were doing a night i mean you do you never have that piano in these polls just too long because you know he gets too long he'll take it once more in one small attendance but you'd you don't depend on a good day to solve this it's extraordinary that scene because not understanding swedish and reading subtitles actually i forget what the subtitle said but i remember how you sir and i think that's that's what he

he talks about his movies being like music that you always win his hearing because if you hear that i've things you well you know at first i had to create a new security of commons of the stimulation of tenderness and then we are not only an accent we've talked to the same people were now and i think when he heard us we don't have been juice our eyes so much as our ears because all right inside if something is wrong or if some tension i hear it or waste

let's make another way let's try again led by the moon and secure as they are in secure or we are afraid you're rearming the hairy always things are wrong we build here rebuild week we are at war with you know relations between workers here and water here is you're a new dimension and there's a new dimension actually are mostly moment i'd like to ask you about the arc you played him persona the activists seemed although she's an actress and you're an actress in it was a very long leash to play that character for you yeah it was very

difficult supposed to show in thing in what to do if you can speak and you can't use your face well it's i was very envious that at the time because he could cry i think it was a very it's the most then it was the most difficult part i've done i think hhs is

a clarity to successfully because leading you on the set of shame it was hard for me to believe that it was you who played the part of the actors it was extraordinary when you work on something as difficult is that this is the berman begin with you at the very beginning with the meaning in with a gestalt of the picture no we had we had one evening at the bass home in mind a ban on me and we were speaking about what he was speaking about what he wanted out of the film and we asked him a bit of color characters but then he depended on house of course he just he predicts every day that he has not culpability depends on the

actor that he himself can can find something can show something and then that one sees what that it wants to show any can help them to get through to the alt if it doesn't come out that he never spares i want to find out what this the way to adapt and evolve invoking about what i feel a bit of that is something else he does you know about his thoughts about the play about maybe the lighter something that very little about that particular characters then he gives you know and the plot what does that business the action that the action around it includes a lot of big data it did

you can act accordingly what you have seen during the shooting of this television of a simple remarks which he has given us a day this is weekend edition you know in reaction to it cruising speed of the action to give you the point where the explosion comes or wage earner community doesn't come and they're all that being elected i like the cold which clues you

wind into the emotional life somehow that allows you to discover the emotional life within the shelling issue of action it's been weeks but thank you but of course all of the characters in into my dreams or if you're welcome to quote my pictures over parts of my mind and says but when the actors kate war i want them to make it was eric the property property forever yes yes

they was created they must create old from their mind and making their property and in that moment my feeling or my building new movie is but sometimes when i have a very very difficult scene and then when i had most of the actors too to come to a very difficult moments over the limit and talked and they have to do to play in a very special way i have to have them in an interview it is sort of this huge you're quite right in this incident was a comer of articles and we have to be very athletic type together so and i think the most difficult things for the actress

i have to make them it involves a guy i like very much this new way of work to be a location whole pie you win you took to the entire crew annual live together and it was a private company but with his own private business and yes and that was that was the best way important to take as julia do you think he's a very difficult serious themes on vote when you were terribly difficult physical problem as it is it is very very difficult because nobody knows new and his team they both called difficult to see if the us forces leaving he was and why it was

we have no experience of course the patients visit to the people of the island told us that they were in st louis detroit yesterday suddenly we on the show they were a few when we started it was absolutely a couple days ago some really really pathetic day after day we didn't with those protests that he gets you and you have to put your goal or a more moderate and a few of you already to look to say we will do to get your way when

we've actors who wrote in and we had to do it you know and it was also the right to make the felt like the ocean is now well this tremendous conflict in the same way in the studio at the scene itself the coming days just ended oh you're the mystery first yes it is very grumpy because

we'll bring bruises i mean known to look on the new face is real with the sick well would you rather have played live well because i mean feeling of dixie think being handpicked cold feeling now good helps to show business when they're feeling on it just it was to me i think to be a very warm comfortable studio and i break the coffin so of course if you're an actor you're supposed to do the same thing but that i don't think it matters if you get then the other thing to do to help it would reform and so it isn't from it but what we saw no we don't cede like that i mean jack because we know that the comet

it all this behavior behind that can handle the town we don't think that oh i hate that because i hate to see in animals decaying air and i was supposed to be in the scene and you get all of the heads of the tribe and i went away and i think that no they couldn't help but know it another thing is how i remember we were supposed to be standing before a burning holes and then i was standing very near his burning homes and then burning in a flying overnight have an overnight i tried but now when i see the scientist of course is heath he wants

something out of the picture i don't know what it was i can't know if you are literally is using yes and but i feel i'm a human being and that moment i don't want to get burned up and of course he wanted to speak picture so in a sense you're caught between a fire on one side and then of course it was really burned alive well and eight but i hate the game i went by the way i hate but no no i understand that the bird mama max von sydow and liv ullman and shame both play musicians in fact as early as torment he wrote a script with a violinist as the hero so the musician and is in many senses the sensitive corporate of the civilized man

and yet in shame you invented a shocking moment when the soldiers russian and destroyed until the piano i mean almost every bergman film there is the central moment where the deepest feeling is expressed through the experience of music the absolute center of his film the silence comes as night falls on the unfamiliar street seem guy the evening was a little boy you're coming

the name of it but he didn't music really is for you

a fantastic symbol of live off of them who really part of the human being or the us more paula got all the only human being you know i have i've seen that they are only at our place who kosovo is the composer and the musicians but will you or gives us off towards that contact with music and the and the composer can we know it's all intellectual understanding get his impressions of song poet laureate who only has only further than it's been i sing

sing music in most remarkable are seeing we have in our lives and the most at the source of all of your nation or oh whoa when dreams and everything and run when these stores is a world of jesus or as witnesses does that wind up one of that i got tired of one of his stories is that i got it to the end of your life at the course they're doing is that music isn't dead to you or you are all of your own your mind has nothing to draw

tweet corinne fisher yes i know i should accept it and then it isn't quite a compliment in something that is more prevalent and there the music is the way it was secure reason for using the the slow movement from the goldberg variations in the silence no longer sing this was you know perhaps the single burner issue of radiation is a big thing for a man cool had difficulties with his sleeping couldn't keep and i myself when i wrote the silence every night i was going around in a horse and the band playing on and that closes on the renovations and the they do

this interfere it interfered with ways and some of it was just making for me protecting it began to work its way into as if we've lost it seemed to me an extraordinary year it were a wonderful use of those the nature of a piece of music when the nature of the same kind of wondering what you're wandering around the house ryan and ingrid de loon wandering around the hotel room and in fact the kind of searching that goes on in that movie person searching wondering through the carbon atoms and the arts historian doris court suddenly open and you see something inside or two thousand doors and suddenly it or ways the doors are violently genesis and thirty and the new label to

both sides it is a little bit of doors opening and and and people trying to make an attractive building kept the guard ants or making contact doesn't work as well at the peak of the page ms bibi no no

the the proponents believe the polls

by a point you talked about early inspiration for winter light being a piece of music by stravinsky now as it's evolved so a symphony of psalms by how deep into eastern and suddenly i had to sort of ideas or innovation it's very very strange about the men in the nineteenth century and going to church and close the door of the church park alone and he goes up to the races that and saying to the crowded picture of christ i will stay here until the moment i want to go and to me the challenge susan i thought he can't

win the end all these additions and then is illness and his hunger and he's waiting for forgot interviews and the church and every week that was my idea of wishing the only music and then it slowly changed too but i seemed to the force and the picture is still the weekend edition as i was to convince them it's gone through worse somewhere inside human being that he had some ownership to give us and serve the end of all the picture was expecting that you

have to continue if you're going to resign so you have is due to go along we were your work cyrus and we won't be leaving and seeing suddenly one they got ulcers but it's your job to develop and most sort of optimistic social year but in silence in iraq was leading after that experience at goldman didn't exist anymore but to know gongs do economists that judicial court anymore in their winners' gold has banned the i am also convinced that the every man is you have to be this is it is a part of many ways you know human beings in his mind which is a little bit at this point that it's that

it's very especially very hard and very secret to that is that there's isn't all about human being this is the part that music can actually get except except when you have a president and they feel very confident it says its spiritual without being religious yes she said the only way to describe the film is to say that it has a life like music as it's like an estimate suggests itself to me is that aa perhaps music is the only time where both reality reality and the dream genuinely coincide yes because with music and feel you can talk to the subconscious or you work there is a human being at the same time at the same time and then if it passes there so that your intellectual widow going to intellect because he's just two you'll get emotional

mine clearance to rousseau and that is that this is dancing with a picture and of course in mozambique is very inventive very strange thing i think you see it in the book who really meant to her the emmys included like it's bright called comedies where crime live before you and to just see know and to look at the fact the every moment and to never move european bureau it and of course it goes right inside you and right fall in human emotion on my intention of conscience you who are you who are construction of the picture is beautiful ms hashmi

they had strikes directly into this parent without having to be interpreted by a month and that his only that the ruling are their goals are in fact there at the end of the deal only the juggler and his family have escaped in the game of chess is over the fbi's been enough but it on the air i see the mirror i see them they're not allowed to arrest him over there against the sky they're all very invites them to that nasa is going ahead and preventive maintenance and business confidence really don't know how

long a desolation and on the thing and it's a silent dance toward the dark lines while the rain washes the races and cleans the sort of the clearest image and then his wife who can never see them and can never understand says yu you of your visions and dreams and so now what

and locals leo continues those years yours is and it's

been vietnam peace negotiations when will they begin and what results may come over here is edward p morgan in washington like a family bickering over seashore or mountain vacations washington and hanoi are having trouble problems the us has no no not a flat no genome and then warsaw's peace talks sites and north vietnam has not said yes to geneva new delhi vinci on chicago or rental it could be errors in the spring but the time and place are still so up in the air but one american official after spotting the softened its red white and green flag and the state department lobby suggested it might be a mom to you

in the indian ocean taps the soviet news agency is embarrassingly asking the white house whatever happened the president johnson's pledge to meet her noise representative and convincingly that this referred to secret contract only the scenario thus far as the prologue to what may well be the most prolonged and complicated negotiations in history to end a war a war which in fact was never declared it took two years at panmunjom to hammer out an armistice in korea meanwhile fighting continued and casualties mounted on both sides accuse line however was draw but none can be drawn in vietnam because there is no front how do you arrange and then maintained a ceasefire in a guerrilla war willett chair arrayed on a hammock or an accidental bomb dropped be considered a breach by one side or the other what these and other

intricate issues such as actual withdrawal of forces the makeup aisle then security for a future south vietnamese regime not to mention an exchange of prisoners of war are all far far down the row the only item on the momentary agenda is the noise demand for a total hole in the bombing of north vietnam and of all of their aggression by the us once a place for talk is agreed on informed sources suggest the slow motion drama could begin to unfold as far ambassador avril helmand whitehouse troubleshooter cyrus vance and a small supporting party perhaps less than twenty flight of the site to meet the emissary of oshima if parents were picked helens opposite number might be my avon bowl head of holes mission to france in his approach helmand would draw from personal experience in talking to communist leaders they think we're back to stalin's time and the summer sessions

with churchill and roosevelt probably this first contract would be strictly bilateral perelman's party holds a party and nobody else but the next go around on serious negotiations and not just the bombing but the war would be something else quite again of their edible cactus plan to protocol and politics here the south vietnamese government would have to be represented and so presumably what the viet cong political arm the national liberation front we also have fighting allies and i'm really interested in the outcome including australia new zealand south korea thailand and the philippines an oil has allies to china and the soviet union do they all gather around the peace table there is believe it or not still another enormous problem the world's press the pressure for news of negotiations will make it almost impossible to hold totally secret talks if some quiet remote capital were chosen officials might bravely attempt to limit coverage through a poll

though who would be foolhardy enough to pick the pool isn't that playing question in itself what the technical requirements of television and radio are an added complication deepening the dilemma for already perplexed us planners is the fact that whereas the three western press can be a nuisance it is largely an indispensable loosens and cannot be more than moderately controlled by such measures as filtering news of secret sessions through official be fakes but the communist press on the other hand is an instrument of government and can be used to embarrass our side that will in fact it already happens it was passed which revealed that warsaw have been considered as a site by chiding washington for vetoing president johnson planted the tender seed of hope two weeks ago tonight with his limitations on military activities in vietnam and putting himself as a non candidate above politics

on the issues but obviously it may take many seasons for that seat to take root and sprout it is time now to explore that growing process if any with one of the ranking american experts on asia dr edwin alright shower until recently us ambassador to japan now a professor at harvard is standing by in boston professor a shower after pledging to go to any spot on earth is it wise for the us to quibble or a site for these talks one reason there's a certain amount of maneuvering for advantage going on right now they're feeling each other out but i don't think this will hold things up too long the senate side will be chosen for this a preliminary negotiations fairly soon i should think what you think about the psychology that some people or are worried about that it's bad psychology to hold even preliminary talks outside of asia

well as some advantage i think perhaps in having the talks about a year in asia itself with this thought of come up only recently and i think we deserve to be responsive to it that they would like to have and maybe we can certainly find a place for that one of the reasons that i ask you that former ambassador japan was to truancy of if you thought the japan that should play a role as an observer in the second go around and give tokyo might be at an appropriate place for the first what could be a very convenient place in terms of communications and that sort of thing with insurgent then as a allied nation of the united states or other imagine and i would not like to have that there were like there were much more neutral place and thank you what was so mean and this is a big assumption darker us or that we do get into a serious talks beyond this first go around so what do you think the hopes are for a genuine settlement how do you see things unfolding

in the second inning i think we have a great deal of hope because undoubtedly the president has said himself very determinedly towards getting a piece i mean this economy is great contribution of the machination his way of making a place for himself in history and the fact that had it responded is quickly as they did i think show that they are really ready for this also a lot of reasons why they would want to have a settlement last i think and so although there'll be a lot of unhappy negotiating back and forth and quibbling over points it's awfully hard to imagine what the scenario is going to be there just so many variables so many imponderables that we can really begin to guess what's going to happen until we see how some of these begin to unfold because of all this it may take a very long time but i'm sure we're going to get there eventually we in the press and other a jury record this year for predicting wrongly or not predicting correctly you joined this happy groups slightly because in your book

beyond vietnam which i have here you said that it was your opinion that no pressure would bring no hanoi to talk until a sixty eight elections in our country where over what do you suppose maybe no human changes my act wallace has already over as far as the president's concerned about the thing that changes so much early age my feeling about that prediction in other words the president's a pulling himself out of the race is the key that intensity that that's the reason why we have a real hope that will be perhaps may have achieved a cease fire at least be well on the way toward aid and toward the east before the election comes around an automotive for a long while i thought i was quite impossible that we had very little chance get anything really done go up we'd been through the electoral process we see now by eliminating himself from the likes hence it is made only political considerations no longer on to the negotiations i think hanoi has that with our desire to negotiate with him a known quantity rather than waiting now for an unknown

quantity the unknown quantity might be next to be maybe a little bit more nervous about waiting until nixon selected they are the situation is really quite rivers the president being above the battle of politics over speak well that being the case and having gone that far meaning beyond the first contact for them better than herman is likely to make every in the next week or so what do we do dr al sharia of illinois definition of a peaceful solution remains what it has existed so far namely that even know in disguise it would be a us surrender they're calling it around here in washington a sort of a fig leaf settlement well that's what at all areas of a number of the wars that go on for quite some time but a president you know by getting himself out of politics by putting a clear bolin on escalation most important decision that was made was made some quite a few weeks ago and by moving towards de escalation as i think made the war more tolerable for the

united states in his more you not unified this country so in a way we are better able to continue to fight and negotiate for a longer period of time than we otherwise would have been i think the same time he is given notice to saigon very clearly that it is really up to them to get what ever settlement they can get we cannot get it for their going out to be a viable regime for this are going out to bring in the civilians i think end of the government they're going to have to go with more hope in their people they have to move towards reform showing me they have an ability to stand up against the viet cong and i think that message has gotten through to saigon and maybe saigon begins to shape up becomes begins to be more global regime aren't we made the war more tolerable for us and perhaps a forced to move in that direction better contained you seem to be a spreading straws a vulgar that we may be able to build eventually sent some bricks of celebrity out of but i want ask you this what thirtieth

saigon assured the upside itself if for some people in the vietnamese government protesting are talking to hanoi should the us david kuo some kind what would happen that was saigon started there's a different kind of solution i think my way of serving notice to saigon with american public american nation is not going to underwrite their war for air there's a limit to the time that we can do this and thereby putting deal had fallen their court and forcing them to try to take on more responsibility for making them either shape up into something that is really really viable i can get aid decent settlement of some sort with the vietcong and it's going to be primarily with the vietcong rather than with paranoia i think or else maybe under the pressure they're collapse in which case there's nothing for us to support or two but in either case we're living up to our commitment to

vietnam and of all we have to really do to try to give them a chance for something besides a purely military so you a while ago fighting and talking at the same time you remember that there's an awesome world monday morning quarterbacks after the korean sentiment has severely criticized are fighting and talking at the same time in korea does this not to disturb you this prospect well most of the comparisons with mercury are wrong because the situation with them charlie different you gotta put forth an argument that time that if we had carried on offense is that we've started we could've perhaps push them well out of the north of push them back there i decided i don't think anybody can argue that we can't really pushed enter it fell out of a south vietnam or push hanoi out either the tide of battle of anything has been going in their favor rather than iraq's and so i think the comparison with a korean situation which the tide of the battle was more on our side and there is one area effort to get a negotiated settlement started it's quite

incorrect professor i assure you that a student of asia in and out of government for twenty or twenty five years at the very least the new repeatedly said in your writings regarding our us policies in asia that we really have not faced up to the problems until tonight what we should we be planning now beyond situation of the boys ford well you're beyond vietnam's of a phrase i used in my book because my problem as do is to figure out a better strategy better role for the united states and asia than the kind of role a goddess and vietnam we must learn from this never to repeat this kind of experience and i think the first truly learned is that we cannot underwrite the internal stability less developed countries there's been primarily from conditions within themselves not from external aggression and we really cannot underwrite that and therefore we cannot have military

alliances with and that is a dangerous thing to do and we have that sort of thing when we use our resources any kind of a military situation such as we had in vietnam and which were not very effective we don't help them very much and where they're not able to do things we can't really do you want a quick final answer to a question about how to make a tiny bit longer you wrote that and even and with if and when the war and there's no guarantee that ten or twenty years from now political rule of south vietnam wouldn't be about the same as it would've been if we hadn't gone into dollars at a distressing thing that we just have to swallow this is actually true that it shows the futility of going in in the military way that we have much more chance of having something going to develop in vietnam or any other country by successful economic aid as economic aid that we've been cutting down on because of our over investment in military activity and equipped ship primarily from a military approach to the problems of asia to an economic aid approach and we got a long way to go thank you very much indeed a professor at yale

you know the letter is at hand and this year more than ever before the internal revenue service is ready with computers seven senators to make sure that whatever money is going to the government is collected by the government but what is owed to the government denied with the benefit of help from jaws the chief of economic studies at the brookings institution the deal takes a look at some special provisions in the income tax law the tax loopholes three hundred and ninety four dollars a year

last prefers to remain anonymous what we can tell you he's married to children is income last year from oil capital gains and municipal was three million five hundred and one thousand dollars income tax six hundred and seventy one hundred and sixty one dollars for they found part that that actually happened in nineteen fifty four directly for the navy to pack it reported income of more than a million dollars in nineteen of them paid actually no income tax at all and many of them fatally end minimum of income pat nineteen fifty five thirty five people were in over five hundred thousand dollars paid actually no tax but the weather maybe fifty a one man whose income with more than twenty million dollars they don't attack of another whose net worth

they're in the united states in more than a billion dollars paid only affect hundred and seventy dollars impact that one year it went up slightly higher the following year and paid six hundred and eighty five dollars still another hand over a million dollars each year for fourteen years and paid no tax at the ballpark any ability of the wealth in fact there've been in addition to take advantage of it in the naacp tackle the committee that her weight gain from kayla capital out that allowed the oil depletion expenditure in her community will bond but the only american along together they add up to a record of inequity and special privilege that the book the panic about fairness to all taxpayers as a basic promise of our graduated income tax fairness demands of the wealthy pay proportionately more than the poor and a man of the people the slave and tongue and the same number of dependents pay approximately the same income tax however our tax

system that deviates from these requirements a major respects does that because congress over the years as approved a series of provisions or loopholes favoring certain forms of economic and social activity these loopholes were often intended to encourage desirable national objectives or to compensate for particular economic risks for britain's in theory the locals are available to all taxpayers but in fact they cut the taxes on the wealthy what's more than those of the poorer across the treasury many more billions of dollars and the administration hopes to raise by increasing taxes and they change the whole tax rate schedule the top line of this chart shows the nominal tax rates provided by law from fourteen percent on incomes above the five hundred dollars to seventy percent on incomes of more than one hundred thousand dollars the bottom line shows the actual rates we play on the average in each class by their rise above thirty percent even in the highest

profits in between the top and bottom lines we see what our taxes would be if we were only partially and then we add the deductions that make capital gains treatment and incomes falling for married couples they use other special provisions that he wrote peel from the income tax and as you can see above one hundred thousand dollars are progressive income tax becomes a little regret so now let's look at a few of the provisions in question war or one is a capital gain capital gain is a special rate of tax imposed upon a piece of property or security help for statutory period of time usually six months or longer and this is different from the ordinary raid attacks that is imposed upon seller is a second and then a jewel for instance who happens to be in

the forty fifty or sixty percent tax bracket accidently forty fifty or sixty percent of her salary goes to the government in this instance on the other hand securities that he may own that are held for the six month period and so at that point for profit to be taxed a maximum rate of twenty five percent as an investment banker i wanna make it clear that i consider the capital gains tax is a legitimate and a logical incentive to maintain the flow of investment capital into areas which would not otherwise attractive because of a somewhat more favorable tax rates imposed upon profits that can be realized as a result of such transactions low income families don't get much benefit from a more favorable tax rates on capital gains of the rich to capital games account for most of the gap between the nominal rates for millionaires and the rates they actually play some other sources of income besides securities get capital gains

treatment what the distinction is not always clear cut if you're a suite for example or oranges for another example you play ordinary income tax but if you grow christmas tree is you got a low capital gains tax rate what power does the tax law flavor if you raise beef cattle you play regular income tax if you raise breeding cattle you get capital gains treatment which is why so many unlikely hyperactive people find themselves at home on the range here we go all about five hundred acres of as you

know we have like you said we have a fear of a business and i want to thank people than water and no you know what they don't know they're native of the crow why didn't know the countdown in others also get capital gains treatment is an invention of my heart went missing that cost less than three dollars for mind that there are many others products and i think i can tell you the reason that the infinitely capital gains treatment only a small fraction of one percent of every really large scale production and it's very difficult without integrating commerce realizes that invention represent the lifeblood of our industrial

might and they've always been sympathetic to the inventor congress hasn't been a sympathetic to other creative people and offer for example most fateful encounter acts we interviewed one last month again eh or upgrade your partner more now the fact more than a third of the cattle are now working on a new novel and i thought i'll lift up in town that are over a period of years and all over the long run not aware that

they were still not the end one of the most expensive loopholes involves capital gains or transferred when a person dies suppose you have a security of which you've made a profit of one hundred thousand dollars if you saw the day before you die you play capital gains tax of twenty five thousand dollars but if you leave the stock fewer errors they paid no tax on the proper untaxed capital gains and that deprives the treasury of more than three billion dollars of revenue each year the people who defend the capital gains tax go it to the general public to explain why it is there or albert let's say you spend the whole year working to earn ten thousand dollars has a wife and two children taser thousand one hundred and fourteen dollars on the product of his work where is the just fix up a phone call his broker asks

his broker to buy stock act has that go up without any effort on benjamin's part by ten thousand dollars and he plays on the same amount of income two hundred and ninety dollars instead of one hundred and forty why is that fair the short answer is that the worker would not have been able to learn the ten thousand dollars unless someone had put up the capital the place the machines in front of them and to build a plan around mr needed to be a distortion of every value that we're taught as americans in horatio alger conditioned to revere and a value because what the capital gains tax means is that the work of money in the water and the work of individual web initiative that count is paralyzed i guess you'd say of the work of money tends to be more important than the work of people economists say maintain that there are four factors of production and they are land labor capital and managerial talent there are

many nations in the world avoid that have labor the nation's of them succeeded the most among the nations that had the key ingredient which is capital a managerial challenge your entrepreneurial activity but i think that this is such a grossly an equitable future of the tax system that is a very much closer look at it ever has received meeting i wish you wouldn't do this to me and i wish you'd be angry i mean i'd like to marry him a game but i i can't have these other commitments does my mother in iowa then there's the sports car and i have to take care of these things maybe

it'll make you can hear a very intelligent but he goes and you know we win the nomination and you know i hope you don't mind thank you what may work legally it would put you in a low income tax you could split and

that they really have not taking a single and everything this is how income splitting works a man with an income of fifty thousand dollars would pay a tax of twenty two thousand five hundred and ninety dollars supposed to get married which means he takes the top map out only hiring rock and puts it into a lower right to you now each twenty five thousand dollar package is tacked separately eight thousand five hundred and thirty dollars a piece a total tax for the couple seventeen thousand dollars five

thousand five hundred and thirty dollars income splitting cost the treasury between eight and ten billion dollars a year that bring substantial tax savings the couple's of high profits up to fourteen thousand five hundred and ten dollars for a man with an income of two hundred thousand dollars a year but it doesn't help poor very much a five thousand dollar your family saves one hundred dollars or two thousand dollar your family say use twenty dollars in nineteen sixty six the average manufacturing company played about forty percent of its income in federal corporation income taxes in the same year here's what three oil companies pay the first the second three point eight percent a third fourteen point seven percent were not giving the companies' names because they haven't done anything illegal it's unbelievable federal tax laws give oil some very special privileges in contrast to last

every business is an oil company can write off most of its exploration and growing fast during its first year and once it starts pumping oil company can deduct twenty seven and a half percent of its profits this is percentage depletion and it last for as long as the well produces which means that a company with a successful well and often write off much more than its original investment finally the oilman can also take capital gains treatment what's it drills for oil and strikes a dreidel or oh it easily seventy percent bracket the government will share his losses to the extent of seventy cents on every dollar but say that on his next venture the strikes oil or oh he will be attacked the government only twenty five cents on the dollar so the government has a seventy percent partner in his losses but only a twenty five percent partner in his

games congress granted this package of tax preferences to the oil industry in order to encourage exploration for oil for national transport says and to compensate oil them for the question of their reserve bank has been ten years and it really kind of unlocked a unifying factor in many regards there's no way that actually for sure or reflecting that kept the value of underground reserves it is important for the public to understand that the us petroleum industry is caught in a class price squeeze this has caused a sharp drop in the exploratory drilling over the past decade and now an intensive products corporate effort is needed to catch up but to reverse the trend

more people must be willing to invest their money in these high risk ventures and the risks are very high on the one hundred wells drilled in search for new fields in this country only three on the average find enough oil largesse turn a profit this is the likenesses were start with or automobile fortunate fifty six million dollars she received an annual income of one million six hundred and eighty thousand dollars she never had the play attacks on his income in fact he never even had reported on her tax return what was the secret was a god to success is a lot o many vital projects such as schools and hospitals and highways are financed by municipal bonds the interest on these bonds is exempt from federal income tax does help state and local governments keep their borrowing costs low it also provides

wealthy people with a tax free shelter small town school bomber pay half the interest a private corporation bought with some people it's worth twice as much because of the tax living teacher to have an impact now on tax immunity it would be so destructive at a period in our history when the needs of the theories are so great need for new facilities the need for more awareness of rape and the need to protect the property tax that i'm just review it for this time and for the forseeable future as a dangerous world there's an income tax came in nineteen thirteen or we've been able to get all of the secretary of the treasury is recommended up til nineteen fifty three which you know federal government movement of being an eight hundred million dollars in revenue of this country which means that they're living in a subsidy to the towns in the state but only half of that subsidy goes for them good for the rich people who live on i thought i would

favor of the main point the joyful i am prepared to it that when you talk about this guy i can feed the fact that the delivery of the city and i can feed the fact too that if the city is not a good thing and is not subject to review by congress where the direct appropriation would be perfect world we have a lot of imperfections we're not denying any other woman and though when one becomes so no one will be denied the conflict has a fine point i can think of a lot of people convert or concentrate on for a week yo yo the tax code contains many other provisions also serve as local businessman played expenses that are always essential to business real estate and

accelerated depreciation everybody is allowed to the dock charitable contributions even though they might give without a tax incentive everybody who owns a home can deduct the interest on his mortgage the people who run houses get no such taxpayer and percentages depletion in some amount applies to many minerals besides oil in the name of the national interest flowerpot clay clam and oyster shells and sand and gravel all get a tax break and the us treasury gets billions of dollars less than it otherwise would what do we do about these loopholes i believe that before congress raises the income taxes for all the people in the united states that must make certain that every american they've at least a minimum tax to prevent some of a wealthy and continuing to get away completely you might for example require all we're over fifty thousand dollars in

ordinary income in taxes and interest and capital gains and so on to pay at least twenty percent of the income taxes in it because his and they are not a complex proposal and i believe that it is just it should be an active now the famed ryman think to me we must begin a process a basically form of our tax laws but it does that it will be complex and difficult and will take time the things to me with the many burdens that this country is caring here in the united states around the rest of the world but that burden should be distributed equally and equitably amongst all of our citizens is not at the present time i think that should be changed the administration to is well aware of inequities in the tax law the treasury have been working on a program for tax reform which it expects to send to congress before the end of the year but the administration wants congress to complete action on the tax increase before it enters upon the long process of reforming the tax code

and the process will be a long one because the powerful groups would benefit from tax loopholes are certain to fight any efforts to close them and all the personal point of view a ppo chief correspondent edward p morgan nobody had a camera when the british burned the white house and the capitol of making fourteen but the fire's lifetime look like this this was washington dc capital of the free world so called nine days ago some air travelers officially urged to re route their flights to bypass washington herd fantastic rumors that the whole city was being level both and destruction left with if you want to sell most of it was confined to strips edging the heart of this city between seventh and fortieth street northwest and they went along a street northeast of the capital by any measure the disaster was bad enough it began with looting and fire bombs on the show that evening of april fourth in the wake of the stunning news that martin luther king had been murdered in

memphis by last friday midnight when the curfew was lifted for the first time in seven days and the withdrawal of federal troops have begun fires total one thousand one hundred thirty in the district most of them blamed on arson ten deaths were attributed directly or indirectly to the arriving nearly twelve hundred people were injured and some seventy six hundred and fifty arrested for all causes from curfew violation to burglary and assault but as the ruins were raised and reconstruction started statistics were not so important as the lessons of that week of agony before easter and whether anybody have learned those lessons obviously some lessons from harvard democratic senator and republican congressman bill intellectual and district affairs toward the blackened blocks recoiled at the property damage and then recoils at the apparent lack of punishment they demanded to know why looters had not been shot out of hair they would seem to actually upset there were not more bodies in them or paradoxically the

main reason was that high officials have insisted on a new strategy of massive restraint putting larger numbers of police and troops into the streets but under rules rating human life above property so the savage shootouts between riders and police which had sold bloody the streets and poison the atmosphere in oregon detroit last summer were avoided in washington but while officials here and elsewhere were congratulating themselves on applying that lesson responsible of militant negroes were far less optimistic set wonder this reporter so washington didn't mollify of the jordan or so instead of beating your wife seven days a week you just beat her for the police this black militant argued remained the most disquieting and stabilizing force as an institution the police are trying to protect the white establishment from the ghetto they got a resident by contrast feels he has no security and that the police provide him not this belief is too resistant to be brushed aside it's a fact of life which the power structure must move to correct before tensions between black and white

can be reduced how ironic that it's taken authorities so long to test the revolutionary pieces that people are worth more than property it's an encouraging step the long distance still to go can be measured with a curious fact that washingtonians whatever their color welcomed army troops and national guardsmen almost with open arms it may have been unfair to the police but it was almost as if the capital since the presence of the soldiers reduce the danger of collisions between citizens and cops indeed the g eyes were polite even apologetic and hauling people at roadblocks and they struck up a camaraderie with kids almost as easily as they had been in vietnam the paradox of a silly welcoming a military occupation moved washington star columnist mary mcgrory tibet defense secretary prepared to let the forces day it sounds pretty silly she wrote but it's as if you had unleashed a giant group of brownies on the town to go around and do good things so there is still a great

gulf of distrust even outright hatred between the ghettos of the rest of the community dr john spiegel had a brandeis university's unique center for the study of violence is concern over the arms race with both blacks and whites stalking but he warns that the level of despair the american guide i was writing urges massive infusions of money that the devil itself would control to a black united front leadership to those who ask how do you know they won't buy weapons and cadillacs or pay are gangsters dr spiegel concedes there is a risk but argues the risks will be higher if the ghetto isn't given respect and trust to handle its own affairs that the shape two of this observers or give you cash law has been another and the continuing series of interconnected broadcast produced and edited by the deal of public protest laboratory of an et special assistant was

received from public television stations in los angeles washington dc and boston feel salutes the new hampshire network what would you need an age of a television station in durham new hampshire recently completed transmitting stations in littleton a memo soon stations and gene i'm going to be all we're bringing public television june ninety eight percent of the state's television viewers this bill so many people use