Public Broadcast Laboratory; 212; Tomorrow's Television: Get What You Want of Like What You Get

mayor it is so they have you are a sixty this is really old second season and how an experiment in public television tonight tomorrow still like if you get an inquiry into the nature of america in search for diverse republican technology and competition will offer them a communications and government regulation and look at the way america make decisions on issues like yelp a last night children were learning they didn't have an adequate school system a massive invasion of teachers from the state

might destroy their polynesian culture soul just a few were hired and one of them dangled tangle of nineteen sixty four began the bill somalia's entire education around the television camera the main benefit right at

the time it's been fb how do you bring quality education in the classroom

at this time americans using the people actually listen john herd cats and trying to bring americans home our other nations in one generation sexual after forty years of being part of this is because people didn't believe that those any i can say that up until this moment if they are any people is white devil by the

i think the very very fuel rosie the goal of the majority of the somme on people of color and they like television dominates the whole system of course but it has several facets that i think will be more important than that because over the summer on child was born an environment in which he lives he has limited firsthand experiences that would relate to an academic education that this would mean that if this trial is to be educated quickly as we hope it will be but a means tested the fall and that will bring him vicarious recent uk bring the experiences to hear more he cannot go to them the very best vicarious experience we can hail and cents television can do anything that can be it is possible that the us could be quite a

distance bartering we could bring the full education what opportunities there are certain common that exists whether you're talking about in the middle east harlem appalachian and that is that the learner declare that his environment wherever it might have the brains to the teaching running situation great massive unthinking our system really is not big enough to take before an advantage of the savings that would accrue as a result of the system we have now down on the proper ploys instead of reaching a ten thousand student we are now one week in television and to be affected estimate that difference in the crowds and this team of people made up the great numbers of people have focused their

talents and the gravity of it the brain many of us have come to believe is perhaps the most effective educational tv programme and the world to the summer on youngsters today two word word is over the meeting you're right we gain skills and concepts of doing things besides that iran

educationally is not stuff it still going on and on now and television of course and so forth he complains it's been made possible simone teacher to improve and grow much more rapidly with less of the true is personality and his team would have been done by conventional war to my knowledge it's never before has an educational system undertaken to make the total population bilingual in other words this is an educational system including well the children of all that he was an indication of alliance a second one with in this case we're not talking about just babbling in

the line but we're talking about the trial becoming truly bilingual and paint eat at that we meaning it at length of education member america and think of education is one that primarily with an affair of their way and this is only a part of the education in and the first thing that our attacker thought about individual a difference if a child and difficult to this critical challenge such a way that motivated law television business another word that really knocked down votes for more talk and if you handled it brilliantly

it lets the whole world we came to play the changing american children i learned a tiny government control of them obviously not really adaptable for us but some are have gone beyond orthodox instructed tv show finding a social goal broadened the trials culture and using technology to achieve on the mainland you know you know how

are you woo woo woo woo american government covers of the generators the best regular consumer it would have been a damn good as for an hour of crime opera symphonies so on both your man i know the public doesn't plan to have a few do in the program a very good such as the real color can't afford the spot with because you can't get that you actually can't get their view as you can tell it's a message to the millions of people who

live four cans of ronald reagan right to have the person is near the confluence of the day a lot of it doesn't that would be a general motors will not been overlooked all over television is a marketing to produce popular entertainment like jonathan winters show most of the time cbs invest time energy and two hundred thirty thousand dollars to produce one hour of jonathan winters dana i do the ratings say mr winters is

seen in almost nine million whole advertisers pay forty five thousand dollars for a sixty second there are any program and the profits are shared by the cbs network and its one hundred ninety seven affiliated stations in nineteen sixty seven television networks and stations enjoyed a return on investment that is roughly fifty percent higher than manufacturing industries in the us and so it follows as prime time follows day that commercial tv what do you do everybody they have a date good evening once upon a time television was supposed to operate in the

public interest but lo and behold it has captured the public and made it a private apache audience so to speak which it sells to advertisers in the process the va has become the nation's primary information machine it feeds it's fair to ninety five percent of all american homes in those homes the tv set is on for an average of thirty six hours a day henry ford's model t revolutionized american life by bringing mobility to the masses television you might say is in mobilizing them in their living rooms as they absorb its daily that video and villages almost every facet of our lives our wants are needs our tastes our opinions are frustrated as our politics our morality our own knowledge such as it is of the world at large some things it does well even superman but must our national health depend on slowing the world news in colored capsules of crisis or measuring morals lilac in or pondering the pretense of

brotherhood and julia and consuming and less commercial messages but life's goal is to buy something needed or not the answer is another question where is the diversity with rare exceptions one station or one network is not really an alternative to the others because they are all engaged in similar exercises trying to corral the biggest heard of viewers than anybody say with conviction that tv brings us the information the diversion the inspiration we need to thank the reef but the act and solve problems recently a sixteen man passports finished a four hundred and fifty page report suggesting a national communications policy ordered by president johnson it has not yet been released partly perhaps because of its points involve drastic change one of these would lift restrictions on new tv programme delivery systems this could break

them they're monopolies the commercial networks enjoy today and would set the new york times' open a whole new spectrum of broadcast a battle royal for control of that broader spectrum has begun the outcome may improve broadcasting but when nineteen sixty nines technology permit to reshape our information at the key word is from its technology can't order men decide how machines are you they don't always make the right decisions as far as the public is concerned let's see you were actually produce the television we know today we can broadcasting began as an industry when more than six hundred radio stations went on the air between nineteen twenty and nineteen twenty two many broadcast on the same frequency and at the same time

some overpowered other it was at al fatih government to regulate them and the crosstalk the radioactive nineteen twenty seven and the communications act of nineteen thirty four set up commissions to license stations to serve the public interest convenience and necessity by definition of public interest was left open in the twenties and none of the station's solar time but there was indirect advertising the browning king orchestra broadcasting in nineteen twenty six was named for the running team clothing store chain which was not otherwise mentioned on the program our the american telephone and telegraph

which song radio is a phone booth of the year and already invented the sale of time anybody could use the radio for a fee to get indirect advertising remain the platter the depression paradoxically brought a scramble for business cbs and nbc began to allow commercial announcements if government had wanted to stop commercials it would've been difficult the communications act regulates local stations but the networks which produces programs for the gods of local stations could not be regulated as commercials began tumbling over themselves senator robert wagner of new york introduced a bill to reserve twenty five percent of radio for nonprofit groups schools for instance the network's argued they were doing public service would do more and that therefore there was no earthly reason for

separate educational journal nbc cited amos n andy as an educational progress and in the wider bill was narrowly beat again ma in nineteen fifty two television having arrived educators pushed once again for retirement it channels this time they want but there was no provision for financing educational stations got channels and a tin cup fcc regulation really depends on its control of channel allocations but that broke down under industry pressure and soon stations were being bought and sold as if their licenses were

private property and the fcc regularly a crew the fcc industry and congress first allowed television to develop only in the v h f part of the spectrum which is limited to twelve channels with the uae job ranger has seventy the result a scarcity of channels for the viewers this meant limited choice for the va gestation honor it meant profits from a limited monopoly but in nineteen sixty two a brief leave revitalize the fcc encourage diversity by getting a law that requires you age of on all new sets ironically it was too late the networks have affiliated with no more than a handful of these struggling stations and new age of liking money can do little more than re run older programs as a result of all these decisions are television system is based on a limited number of channels whose job it is to make money through merchandising and programs are a byproduct

all this explains why our present commercial system cannot or does not fully serve the public interest that doesn't mean that you'd be junked overseas but the government or run by a committee of do gooders heaven forbid what is needed is more variety to nourish the increasing numbers of people will find a mass audience diet and adjustable it is not realistic to expect tv tycoons to become philanthropist and be still diversity wider joyce's my fragment they're mass audiences they got to go to a thing goin the present system yields an enviable profits through their limited monopoly of channels and generates enough political power to hang on to boil so our really to achieve more diversity more of your alternatives without attempting to dismantle a system already partly and to some degree popular late entrant obviously noncommercial or public television is one step but so far

nobody has come up with a successful recipe for long term financing perhaps it is the new technology which offers the brightest immediate promise and it's relatively new and certainly newly controversy oh baby c a tv or cable television it's based on coaxial cable and it enters the scarcity of channels today's collect your cable carries twelve twenty or twenty four tv channels she at me started as a complement to television many americans couldn't get a clear picture or any at all because of natural or manmade obstacles see a tv pioneers built tall and tennis club broadcast signals from the air and run them by cable to people's homes and returned to see a tv got a monthly fee and nobody minded most american communities have only two or three stations see at the finding that people wanted more set of microwave links

to pick up programs from fox stations and feed them to subscribers' homes so that the hometown broadcaster objected fearing you lose yours then advertising so all the federal communications commission prohibited see a tv from importing distant programs and of the nation's top one hundred markets which happened to contain ninety percent of the tv audience then see at me decided to use some of its channels to put on its own programs lee's pictures from cable television sources suggest what see at me aspires to rather than today's practice mostly see a tv now but hammer on a clock or a barometer or a kicker carrying stock market news but certainly the potential is there for a television system so diverse that it could satisfy social goals as well as business interests todhunter manhattan in new york city

is trying to sell cable service to these tenement dwellers for five dollars a month for the poor television has become indispensable as a source of relatively cheap and constant entertain but beyond aversion the citizens need other kinds of information to give a few oc at bees many channels were dedicated to specific social and they could use television to build political and social unit new listing and job training health and public safety lessons in the big cities at least that use of television is sensible and with the advent of cable channels are there a new chance for the viewing public hey at the technology is the product of private enterprise a few cable tv pioneers of dollars to consider its use for social go so the man building the industry arguably concerned with business for profit the most incompetent and any

field lead the communications and broadcast a warning keep at least one month the eighty and the reason is that sea at the names i won't be in top communications future of the united states morton david is a lawyer who knows how to make money at thirty two is a millionaire one of his summer pursuits to see a tv is president of congo in new york city the cable may really be each person's umbilical cord to world united states supreme court could today a whole lot but they're carrying capacity technologically corruption cable as opposed to hair dryers i'm english it's a lot of carrying capacity boston globe via cable from congress will eventually out every place cable video all but that might be fifteen years often the question is it has to be completely separate from her and other communications

transactions that occur in the home warned business and no one knows the answer to the question is no no the personal note alison destruction you know we know what's happening today alice what's happened in the twenty years that everybody wants to get their fundamental without taking tremendous risks well the big companies don't wanna keep their foot in the door keep certain areas in which they are incapable i think it's really accounts for the hajj of the broadcasters and may wind up thirty five when patients see a tv industry time life broadcasting president was alone and vice president at your smurf have a big hedge on the communications of the future timelines owns part of fifteen c a tv systems around the country including manhattan cable in new york city well i that was that we heard the other day that within five years people are estimating that only ten percent of the cable use will be for conventional tv stations of the rest of it will be for new services burglar alarm system the fire alarm system

data transmission facsimile transmission well there no mother doing your mother do in a shop donating on women have had some of our associates and guns are enough not to say that you know on a ten years from now you get your copy of time magazine out of the back here tvs there we really blew it ford to add an institution whose time has come and we have something that is a definite benefit that people want it's going to come is going to take longer than some people think because you have these quite logical vested interests that have to gradually be overcome i think more more americans are becoming somewhat critical of the

variety of aspects of broadcast once social scientists investors even politicians how come after all some broadcasters sing to me somewhat reluctant to do much in the way of local parameters even though they are licensed to serve the public interest and mercy rule of the authorizations every three years cable operators now claim that they can talk to work at locals or if you want to maintain your position cable should be regarded simply as a supplementary shortz i think it must intensify you're approached by publishers a strong local service is your only real protection the advances and sea at the interrogations of course have been instant taking apart over their monopoly protesters province are fantastic eric trout hundred to two

hundred percent three year and that apple build daniels sells cable systems as a broker and has interests in forty five cable properties in twenty three states here in colorado springs as elsewhere giant conglomerate start getting a foothold in c a tv daniels partner in cablevision and the majority stockholders are jailed general a subsidiary of general tire and rubber i feel more information more quickly if a corporation for generations colorado springs has to local television stations and he gets a third from nearby pueblo colorado when cablevision applied to the town for a franchise it promised to bring in five more stations from denver then you have a very huge cables underground colorado springs where that its natural beauty attract tourist

dollars was impressed the city fathers also are pleased by the firms offer to give three channels to those groups the local broadcasters led by former mayor harry hole who also runs k r d all applied for the same cable franchise perhaps to protect themselves from competition they lost cablevision want mr holt and his allies still the fcc for a full hearing arguing that since daniels had not planned to pay for the denver programs he'd be competing unfairly and they would lose money the suit daniels from turning a system off oh yeah now this is an outright <unk> it's a question of immigration to the world but when anti urban core so long we have four and a half million dollars per in the ground day interest alone a seventeen

thousand dollars a month they're going to lay us as long as i can remember when the battle but the longer the local tv stations to protect their monopoly they're going to do it this gives you an idea of the what i call the vicious competition is taking place between the local broadcasters and kimchi the system today broadcasting needs strong and persuade the people in washington and our government relations department and provide those people government relations is not a spasmodic episodic activity is based on heavily bill kristol relationships patient education and participation i was the cultural election in colorado this year i have the republicans i made it my business to become very well acquainted with that senators or punishment and either because it's a question of survival mr peretz more

liberal protestors and then there are reports for years amanda argument the russian senators they put them on a new shows that you can throw away another way to become well acquainted we have now served in that we have the equipment to give them the clinical trial that they need to re election time record label in yemen i am thank

you you are right right right here's bill claudia and i don't think

that that they are more women are evil i can't really find myself critical of them as a general matter and they do tend to him so far is cerebral like every other industry of any size are important country washing the percentage to secure a kind of legislative treatment country with an executive agency in the ways i am the parent agency the sec that they feel their industries going to require out when i was sworn in and i went up to the senate talk to him at a senate commerce committee members as to what their problems were and communications what they thought the major issues were before the fcc and to me i was always taught table televisions were big problems for the fcc and then i really heard much my cable dollars that point telling the truth but the more the sun became a repeated the more interested i got in the subject and finally i said below the senators want to know a lot about cable television just as a problem but nobody goes on and says anything about what ought to be done about it

they said well some of my friends are in favor of cable television so my friends are posed a little bit and i'm from atlanta well the year at the business began with very small opera fellow in the television repair business or set sales that's right there was a cable television industry was really rare while it all by broadcasting assessment broadcasters intended to buy into cable systems and as this has happened the opposition of the year of the saudi government of eight of the trade association the national association of broadcasters is obviously softened because now many of the members of the

navy are in fact the largest owners of cable television assistant and as that has happened that process imposition of the fcc has checked to the point that they're somewhat cynically suggested that the role of the fcc has been one of holding up the growth of cable television until the broadcasters aren't and which point it will be allowed to go to go forward without restraint they may have functional government is really to preserve institutions and preserve the status quo and out so the sec is in a a n a peculiar position have been trying to reform the regulatory function of war of the communications act of what in nineteen thirty four it right there in the story that i may say that the medications that is forward looking it encourages the commission to encourage a larger and more effective use of radio encourages us to find new ways to

our survey on the contest provide financial and i think we have her year in line for building mission i believe that our friends will function as well so what they're as result of technological change as a result of new service concepts there are areas where we could welcome some congressional systems in the antenna industry has made tremendous contributions to technology is something that has been developed without claire significant congressional attention as ten congressional attention in a sense we've had some proposals before congress what actually we have not had the assistance all the guidelines from the congress on it on the sec doesn't act that reacts on the city doesn't act that reaction when does it but now

i think they're too well thought out fashion off and as i said before the palm is being aggravated by the fact that they're constantly pushed an active more mourn the posture reacting to technological developments and to transactions that occurred financially and the image and the commitments being made and existing no regulation on a regulatory scheme as it exists today on the original plant in a word i would say that the intrusion castro cast and the story and it is

steve real resumes in colorado springs the issue is importing programs from out of town new york has seven vhs stations for you a jeff salty at the operators and list subscribers not by promising more

stations but rather by improving reception manhattan's skyscrapers block some viewers reception completely were others with small or double vision in new york has a slow expensive job so it's important to add subscribers quickly manhattan cable decided to do that by offering feature films without commercials and that no extra charge on a vacant channel at new york city's board of estimate needed to approve an origination of programs and at the board hearing last december fifth a politically potent crowd opposed the move well the owners and labor unions in that field to delete their technique confusing see a tv with a tv all right

oh man in pay tv a device scrambles the tv picture if you want to see a program you pay for it and the pictures unscramble see a tv on the other hand simply makes a monthly charge for its service some see a tv operators of course would like to put a tv on one of their channels at the world inevitably come indoors when it comes it's going to be ten or twenty or thirty billion dollar industry one of the eligible for hong kong market economic system you have possibility of the emergence of a ten or twenty billion dollars you can stop that matter how you try to sit on and no matter how much you're in the position of the buggy whip manufacturers you can't stop doing bill from coming and in fact the movie theater operators or five fighting losing battle it might take them ten years so that might take in the teens and the un will be on the horse wrong road to get a phone

to sit down and work out the details of how we can get into this industry instead of fighting so many people are so easily protecting such parochial interests instead of getting together for the common benefit everybody and walking out the pattern on which can be done as the battle grew cable origination follows marshall allies an old lady wept at the thought of losing free television and the road is grandin's of those poor said for atv kept potential delinquents off the streets behind all out with a truly friendly house owners was imminent piles of petitions against the origination plan which they consistently linked to pay tv manhattan cable in an argument that was not totally philanthropic replied correctly that the plan was not a tv all we're proposing is richer and more diversified entertainment and information for the senate nobody's going to lose it it's very carefully worded

proposed amendment prohibits absolutely judging once said to any new york city resident for program origination well i think but this leads to a fundamental problem ma'am because fifteen to twenty thousand dollars to put in a reasonable moderates simple program origination facility a simple camera tape recorder and so on and that's the sea is her now the commercials they paid for by the people the formation because look at the prom cbs hasn't keeping lunch hour are going to compete with them in their area means the structure's up economically as they go and

destructive self economically me that you've got to invest tens and tens of millions of dollars in programming and so advertisers and in effect build your own television stations on the southwest them for nazi at the operators bit of this relationship is that there is concern is a bubble i would like to imagine a home i see at the system something that can't be repeated on the broadcast because of the structure of their economic system some kind of television that you can have on when you have gas in your home you are sitting and talking and you don't want your machine gunfire or see nuns flying or to be distracted by a hard sell campaigns about veterans and lives of its players in the background it's not interrupted by it and which doesn't i'm really a tractor i feel for you and me in that way i suppose of the milan tell my sister be sure to come back in advance with a bad approach it you know irving kahn is president of a teleprompter corporation i was controls nineteen cable systems around the country in new york used

aircraft owns forty nine percent of the teleprompter operation to be attractive jose on the viola and i'm not about to so valorous out of that family and much of my own money show overview of that money who were with me when i needed him khan was afraid that manhattan cables planned to show movies would raise historical he prefers for the moment to seek subscribers by improving signals and originating non controversial programs obviously we are now in the cable business primarily to provide better reception and for local origination which is a part of the lore of cable tv this fundamental concept diane thomson uses a comeback tape recorded interview the man on the street in lower teleprompter his franchise neighborhoods the tapes are played back on an extra teleprompter channel it's a very modest operation but demonstrates the potential for community service so intrigued the president's task force as well as mayor lindsay is isis al sikes manhattan cable television in new

york the partly line concerts from carnegie hall of the american symphony orchestra conducted by leopold health and uncut uninterrupted showing that some of the greatest film classics was on the same coverage of some of new york's most pressing problems and our local community news programs meanwhile on with the game and they call the shots columbia university try and enjoy life three weeks

ago after new york city approved manhattan cables plan to originate public service programming with city authorities judging what is public service no one argues about college basketball but there real game will be played when it comes to the movies and theater owners will again try to defend themselves against cable television movie by movie and eleven years mayor lindsay is that forest came up with a plan for a cable that would make it unnecessary to decide case by case what is and what isn't public service and percy sutton and within a few minutes you're going to be seeing the town hall town hall on the lower east side and there's a task force headed by fred friendly urged that the city franchise ten cable tv companies each would serve different parts of the metropolis each would have eighteen channels alone wouldn't carry existing stations each would reserve some channels for the cities use

and new program origination the mayor's task force said each see a tv operator should assign two channels as common carriers meaning that anybody could lease their top another would it for public service programming still another for anything really wanted to put off might be sponsored programs or a tv combat again drop and we've called for the movie theater owners on an island maryland they himself seems reluctant about them right now for publication of a comprehensive plan seem to spur the fcc to action good afternoon ladies and gentlemen we welcome you to the federal communications commission we're have to documents to present to you we welcome your examination of them at a rare news conference fcc chairman hide announced proposed new rules for c a tv which he

thought were good news i think you know examined carefully you will find that they are constructive and that they look toward resolution all problems that have heretofore prevented the expansion of service particularly in the case of state tv the fcc's proposal but not exactly inspired join the cable tv industry it requires a cable operator to get permission before he picks up a program in one town and brings it to another most see a tv operators are convinced about permission that will never be given but the fcc action did encourage the origination of programs and that please see a tv operators like manhattan cable in new york city the inquiry also a driver decided see a tv should advertise what it would be years before the fcc would answer the questions it coach and meanwhile see a tv is barred from

bringing this new programs into the nation's top one hundred markets the battle with the broadcasters is still unresolved another battle with a phone company is just warming up the biggest problem that we will have in terms of logical growth and expansion is in dealing with the dulcet primarily and with some of the independent auto companies is to wealth of dallas is there and sharon isn't anyone else having another wire into a home that has a greater capacity in the piece a y that they have the contract with a colorful bills restrict the type of services that you can provide and obviously the contracts are meant to keep you out of the telephone companies they like when you close your account of the telephone company we are hopeful we are not there when we will certainly velvet underground and at the same

time because of all the research and then the other corporation future in case insurgents all the time plimpton case it was rose during construction coaxial cable permits to a communication see a tv has no desire to set up a new phone system but suddenly a lucrative new kind of traffickers developing from homes and offices two computers see at me once that business and so the nation's telephone companies at stake expansion jobs profits any questions the occasion we have a capability of putting it and

video service the computer will answer but right now there is such an enormous grain and what i have on the screen here now is this from the computer thought this is an idea and three sixty that for a computer a bailout please about how fires start writing your budget extension number using your touchstone cheese now interestingly videos of them upon myself liking my number which is six nine nine one into their computer and immediately answered by like he was throwing out william t allen house at and t vice president and one of the one hundred people in the world with picture phone says it will be years before picture joins sam nunn everybody's telephone but he's enthusiastic about computer applications in the near future the same job though daniels wants or c a tv cable

please key rhyme which i look at and i would get a list of the services that this computer of iraq and now i have a list here find our one one i can get the calculator want to at and t stock the one three the stock market one for weather forecasts so let's try one to see what at empty factories during the day it enables the emirates sitting at his best to have instantaneous access to all kinds of information that he needs to run his job and to do it well you could go on and on and visualize it with picture for your own telephone service really you have access only one of our spaces but visually with everything that you have to leave your promise and goes on but if you think about things fantastic improving the electronics who

knows what were their musical lives we all were as well or better equipped to provide the services that level already i think there is a general feeling that we are a large organization and we do have a medium into into customers' homes and i think generally there's a fear that since they're getting into the same type of area that girl that we pose for them a rather large competitive threat i think there's general misunderstanding i must say maybe lack of chemical communication between and so far it's really been directed to promoting see a tv medium rather than imposing it or are holding a and even ominous in store for is an easy at a vegas like to make money they're about the area and realistic schedule rates then at dawn coming in or i was i mean they're missing out on some pretty good moments now it's fair to say there was that they really were

pretty aggressively opposed to we are the broadcasters originally to save the day now from insufficient reason that they thought that this was there a functioning to provide services on one hand good time that i think that they're probably expected that they would no question but that to some extent my see at the operations in and the telephone company they controlled cable television lord david isn't fighting at and t to see at the operation that uses telephone company cable that lies and ducts under the streets of new york would be more unscrupulous than any other company in seeing that the independent operator my company can make don't make money in the business a long time to play games about sixty one dollars a share

enough time to pay off and write about it in other words perhaps it is more sensible of liability to render unto caesar what is caesar's and not to lay cables did the city of new york what the telephone company that's the business that iran is constructing a wizened public streets i write about one company on the cd the operators the city the government the people and we don't get a dime back in a phone booth and the naked are fifteen digit numbers to get across the river and it was that the gravity of the phone company the winner must admit that still phone company as a viable opportunity in that when a telephone rings you make of the invention of the light but you have to say that he gets a phone call i was borrowing to pay mr david worries little over at and t has ties as a

monopoly the fec is supposed to regulate it but at and t is already so big it's legal staff so kenny in finding who pose some experts argue it can't really be regulated less these observers apollo's letting the phone company vodafone he at reed facilities that now about it in all of her husband morten united states i think that that we just must address the question of whether we want cable television to be operated as a common carrier system would the owners out of business with government regulation of of the rate of return and so forth in which case one could make an argument that our cable television system's audio by telephone companies and by no one else and really really learned about cable television as a competitor and telephones

competition on cable television a dry run as chairman of the board of at and t says the telephone company only got into that area to help the cia tv industry he thinks some competition between the two is flying there's this thing i call upon my mission the thing of setting up connection either fourteen minutes or ornaments that anyone anyone else this is as sort of the thing that has turned out to be a net when lockwood brought me a private ryan sherman says we're talking about one of the television stations for example and there and they don't see a tv you really are private time or who are not in that criminal people can govern themselves it is an area in which the complication of them are in order and where we should be expected to compete

for writing those and we do have some restrictions of let us compete effectively assemblyman interstate fifteen or eighteen years ago not getting different to see at the one first on out of the much stronger position based on the earlier but like the fcc normally so the potentials of this industry until a few years ago signed a controller that uses self centered than one regulates see a tv as recently as nineteen sixty three we're doing ours during a middle course between two points and were promoting telephone companies to get into the us was kind of at the same time we're preventing cable companies to come and in competition with them and the ground rules are clearly delineated prove it one reason the ground rules are two clear is the fcc staff people don't always agree among themselves one zero regulates the relative newcomers see a tv it becomes sympathetic

and would like to see c a tv and shackled to compete with the telephone companies as well as the broadcasters the common carrier bureau regulates telephone companies and tends to side with its clientele and judging from recent administrative decisions on allowing phone companies to build see a tv system's a common carrier bureau is winning that's the sequins broadcast decisions almost invariably fall a couple of industries get in on the ground floor invest millions and prosper then along comes a new technology new techniques see at me for example entrepreneurs see wider crawford's broadcasters and the phone companies see their vested interests threatened and the battle is joined or rather dumped in the government slapped and government must decide under pressure where special interests and the public interest combine and where they collide well today at

the pentagon royal we an sec competitors fight each other but the industry in general finds a sympathetic ear a majority of the commission his business oriented and very realistic about what it can or cannot do chairman russell hired forty years with the commission expresses that point of view but by definition of different businesses operation of the different television and course substantial amounts of capital a time of renewal our commission was take into consideration the effect of decision would have on aid and that's when a chemical industry it was there recognize that that we depend upon private entrepreneurs and illustrations by the opry

it will provide a service to a policy which would get discouraged investment show and for those purposes would hardly be in the public interest as a minor fight would challenge or critiques to explain how about the business of writing their programming mean you can get from competitive free effort without being repressive without discouraging innovation without inhibiting free expression we're going to be doing we

need to be we honestly it is it seems oh boy oh great you support

legislation that's all great a new apartment building better than the growing needs of their regulations the entire asia it uses the walls is why he he is it's

b commissioner nicholas johnson as part of that minority which defines the public interest as much more than just industry profits but on programming he loses appointed a business oriented commissioners well a majority of the commission believes the programming is none of our business that broadcasting in the public interest means keeping antenna tower painted in the same to have the true signal was loud and clear the business oriented commissioners maintain that programming can only be changed through the economics of audience you know whatever the merits of the sea at the inquiry the fcc has hardly been an exemplary

public servant it's traditional to lambaste the agency james m landis reported to president kennedy the fcc was a spectacle of incompetence unable to change what he called the vast wasteland of tv next chairman newton minow urged reorganization commissioner robert bartlett goes further says the whole fcc should be abolished that would not necessarily improve matters because the agency has virtually no real authority of its own the broadcasting lobby drains its guns and invalids and persuasion on the congress and the white house the two places where real power lies thomas hoving has a nationwide committee of citizens concerned about improving the quality of broadcasting congress was not that particularly interested in and having a strong regulatory agency meet a man who was running for congress for example

like you're going against incumbents and you're standing desperately needs the year broadcasting facilities in the community and the he is hardly likely to work jobs seriously with the power structure of the community well the commission has undertook to introduce an additional which brings its first congress has always reacting against such effort there's no question my mind the industry gets a more than actually heard of this commission and also in congress the voice of the consumer representative on the television viewers representative here in washington tends to be rather small the conflict in georgia the congress the trade press though a lobbyist for years the employees of the agency all really air then buy one another we are extraordinarily dependent on information that is brought to us by the parties who have an economic stake in the outcomes of cases

we have fifteen hundred employees which may sound like a lot of people used to running little businesses but clearly realize that all these fifteen hundred only a handful are really professional or phd caliber people were thinking about long range communications policy questions and it really begins to dramatize the tremendous contrast and resources we have to take a lead i would wish we had more funds to do research in this area and as truman that they own industry are they offering industry or the manufacturing industry is the one that's most likely to come i read our doors but it isn't true that we only respond to these kind of the mayans surprisingly the fcc has destroyed itself lately in the public's behalf it wants cigarette ads band from the air it has warned against ownership of channels by condom or corporations

and it dropped a bombshell in boston by taking a tv license away from one company and giving it to another previously the station's license had been regarded as almost a sacred and a permanent property write ironically none of these actions may stick so squeeze is the commission between countervailing pressures this irrational process leaves the public virtually wiped out a dependable advocate science will continue to revolutionize communications the question is what the revolution will do for and to people individually and collectively tomorrow our daily newspaperman role like a paper towel from the gadget in our television set such a novelty we'll either automatically enrich our lives or make this more responsible citizens commercial broadcasting has done and continues to do notable fact some critics have said that the steady even notes of saturday that sounded without commercial interruption through the broadcast coverage of president kennedy's assassination help hold a nation together through that awful

weekend but radio and television in their normal programming have produced not the great but the merchandise society conditioned to supermarket that the current competitive hassle with new systems reminds me of the early days of rock at first radio then television you remember a promise instant culture vast knowledge and the dividends of civilized diversion for every american family now it's the cable system backers turn to embrace the public good exciting new things could happen if a couple of c at these cable channels were made common carriers than you or i or the odd fellows line could put on our own tv programs if we could pay the going rate other experimentation and see a tv without commercials holds possibilities to but when a gold rush is on nice guys finish last and the lungs to control sea atv another promising new systems is remind for the conga no law says the public interest must be left behind again what should

be done for one thing the white house report on communications should be released president nixon could use it to start an intelligent public dialogue not just of broadcasting but on the whole gamut of communications policy which it covers parts of the task force whose assignment was to take a critical look and how the government handles communications and that involve the functions of sixteen separate departments or agencies out of this tangle might logically com a new department of communications handling policy questions with a smaller more tightly organized communications commission to do the regulatory job that job by the way could be made simpler now if a broadcaster didn't holler it was a violation of his rights in the first amendment they have the fcc asked for proof that he is performing the very public service he promised in order to get his license in the first place william allen white the celebrated editor from emporia kansas once said a test of a responsible press was wisely directed her at age this

applies to broadcast into and there is a party which can and should participate more in the application of and that's the public itself more people should worry out loud about the public interest it can be a lone something when one man does it by himself but in a concerted effort to make its concern and we just heard the public would be surprised at its own strike one man we know has raised his voice at great personal risk he wrote to the fcc his name is al koch he works in broadcasting and here briefly is his story when i started in television i thought i was going into the communications business on news that every day is going to work that i was going to control was happening in my community i found though that were not essentially in the business of communication the question is you know is television primarily a communications tool or as of now i don't think that his owners took it as

a communications tool i don't think they think that they're primarily in the business of communication they're in the business of delivering an audience and this gets into a new world this is where those considerations really life you're in the business of dealing i knew the answer who supports hillary clinton and you know here i am this as a movie photographer food journalist and i've found i've gathered over the years that that's not my job really attached to this for his delivery mission you assume that communication is something that the tunes people to their community it gives them information or knowledge that they can then use that dog nobody knows what is being said in everything over the years as i have gone to work white countenance is not really just smile because you can't help but be concerned with the city but is that that is just a glamorous world

reviewer exciting to do and i would hate not to be doing it and led to go around the city and see what's happening and talk about some of that when he talked with us a kind word for kale and tv in san francisco the station is on the the seventies will chronicle which is in a joint operating agreement with a severance is going salmon are there's some place somewhere along the line you have to say you know look at what we're doing and i guess that's you know in a way where it to be a sixty there were specific point i was concerned about that particularly bothered me into a presence at the time that the chronicle which owns a television station went into a joint operating agreement with other senses center which is no nose to an early only daily papers that this is going at that point that we enact his department were told that we couldn't report story into management

told us we could there's another interest rate that we've only learned about him in a strange way you're new to visibly as he's going into cable and television in china yet franchises some sense that in san francisco and in any number of very specifically there are certain stories that i've been sent on others our newsroom which we all knew were what we call must be in the newsroom with a note in moscow still is moscow's as david you must go on because the management the newsroom with the mission of the corporation alaska corporation and in this case they were using their power is now supposedly responsible medicine person to further their own interests it was a matter of going on six stories that and we gathered in some cases were told in order to get a camel it was just go back in the nineteen sixty seven and as i got the

assignment the news desk coastal will this is so it's moscow and then we have to be sure that the you know the mayor's the census was prominent and i don't want you and this was you know a real normal and was also said that a right to there is valuable franchise assassin's cisco which the article which got nominated we have this now basically and they make news in all kinds of reasons the reasons for which television news has generally anemic but that we were doing these gross things and really manipulating particular stories when we have orders to well you know what less people will see is that the fcc has not the slightest idea what's going out there when i'm not even sure that we officially subscribe to it to tv guide but i know that if we do it's not processed in india in any useful way of every three years we get a sample logs from the station that's up for license renewal including one day of the week

or seven times so that we get what we call a composite week on three years of program and that's just a log which indicates most detail about commercials and very little about the program that we are very much depend upon the complaints and statements that while by private citizens that's the only way that information come to our attention and it's not so much that i have this no crusading thing that we must prevent this license really more than anything i wrote to the sec as an informational or oh i felt that whatever material scale and would give to the fcc seeking its renewal those lessons would be precious heavily edited as their news programs are and the tomato just as a journalistic thing one should write about nature top of the other side nikki are all another chronicle and discuss the case with us but in a letter to the fcc they denied kind specific judges k r o and wrote at length of its many public

service program he's a party duck and white and it's a kind of compartment and yet it's already been a long and i think i'm curious to see done and that they might miss thousand names of people that they talked to on the news programs but the sec doesn't know no one has been set at all and i can still recent book hero and yet they do more local documentaries another stage which is that i'm concerned about what they put into these documentary nobody knows the considerations that are there they're making those programs what they are whether it's documentary or news an outcry and he's on a leave of absence action on gay islands license renewal is still pending the picture of this this television station that song by this network affiliate television stations owned by a newspaper that is an agreement a working agreement with

the only other daily newspapers at cisco and the separation is moving on to the new technology of broadcasting which is cable antenna television and then eventually satellites and there's a whole new world of a broadcast technology coming up and protesters are leaping into in the crimea with the kind of figure it out and i what his concern is the fact that you know well this new technology in the hands of that the same hands with the same kinds of considerations that i've seen as well to me it's almost inconceivable that they can get this is what we do things and on us what should we talk about it the old second season return of the extent of the west this is

what the country is home of the vikings uniform playing with them and corporations are mostly accept the commercial decisions of americans on some of the deals and public television station the pay to pay the players be right it's been in the

past it's b the second season is being at

sunday's euro fund to lift off in a special report media looks into the charges that american investment is becoming the third most powerful in the world and and and traveling from london to hear from an american sewing machine factory in scotland to france's new high powered business management school at all as the world leaders and talk about the political dangers of this economic colonialism don't miss europe during twenty thirteen year old second season six weeks ago the deal presentable from on defense decision making it's focused largely on the controversy now in the headlines you'd united states killed an anti

ballistic missile system receive widespread attention and official washington and an editorial columns around the nation in a special field report to be broadcast immediately after this program at all to look further into the anti missile missile controversy nationwide distribution of the proceeding program as a service of the corporation for public broadcasting fb and some day you're going to lift off in a special report media looks into the charges that american investment is becoming the third most powerful in the world and top and

traveling from london to hear from an american sewing machine factory in scotland to france's new high powered business management school at all as the world leaders and talk about the political dangers of this economic tunnel isn't the point don't miss europe that you were a twenty four year old second season