Black Horizons; 2442; Jake Milliones Interview

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I'll be right back, I'll be right back, I'll be right back, I'll be right back, I'll be right back, I'll be right back, I'll be right back, I'll be right back, I'll be right back, I'll be right back, I'll be right back, I'll be right back, I'll be right back, I'll be right back, I'll be right back, I'll be right back, I'll be right back, I'll be right back, I'll be right back, I'll be right back, I'll be right back, I'll be right back, I'll be right back, I'll be right back, I'll be right back, I'll be right back, I'll be right back, I'll be right back, I'll be right back, I'll be right back, I'll be right back, I'll be right back, I'll be right back, I'll be right back, I'll be right back, I'll be right back I'll be right back, I'll be right back, I'll be right back, I'll be right back, I'll be right back, I'll be right back, I'll be right back, I'll be right back, I'll be right back, I'll be right back, I'll be right back, I'll be right back, I'll be right back, I'll be right back, I'll be right back, I'll be right back, I'll be right back, I'll be right back, I'll be right back, I'll be right back, I'll be right back, I'll be right back, I'll be right back, I'll be right back, I'll be right back, I'll be right back, I'll be right back, I'll be right back, I'll be right back, I'll be right back, I'll be right back, I'll be right back, I'll be right back, I'll be right back, I'll be right back, I'll be right back, I'll be right back I'll be right back, I'll be right back, I'll be right back, I'll be right back, I'll be right back, I'll be right back, I'll be right back, I'll be right back, I'll be right back, I'll be right back, I'll be right back, I'll be right back, I'll be right back, I'll be right back, I'll be right back, I'll be right back, I'll be right back, I'll be right back, I'll be right back, I'll be right back, I'll be right back, I'll be right back, I'll be right back, I'll be right back, I'll be right back, I'll be right back, I'll be right back, I'll be right back, I'll be right back, I'll be right back, I'll be right back, I'll be right back, I'll be right back, I'll be right back, I'll be right back, I'll be right back, I'll be right back I'll be right back, I'll be right back, I'll be right back, I'll be right backWe don't know if we canork what doesn't matter Good luck that we don't know since we don't know since we haven't been studying bacteria for that long period of time That's why we have to

come here where nature has done a natural experiment storing bacteria under frozen conditions naturally and continuously for three million years. This natural experiment then informs us as to the biological response of long -term freezing and allows us to build a model, test the model here in Siberia, make sure that we understand what's going on, then apply that model to Mars, and it's always better to work with a model that's been tested somewhere on Earth, we've gotten some data that's at least in the ballpark, and doing a model that would be based on microbial response to a few years of freezing is not anywhere near as valid as doing a model that would be based on the observed microbial response to three million years of freezing. All studies and to the microorganisms and that's the potential I see in applying these results to the three billion years that we're going to need in order to

understand the Martian condition. It was Dr. Martin

Luther King, Jr., who called Sunday at 11 a .m. the most segregated hour in America. It was in Dr. King's spirit that the community of reconciliation was founded 25 years ago when a black pastor from the Hill united his church with a predominantly white church in Oakland. It was a strong statement at the time that the church be a model of society rather than a reflection of it. This year the community of reconciliation celebrates its 25th anniversary, and here to tell us about this bold experiment are Leon McCray, one of the original founders of the church, and Reverend Gail King, a former pastor for 18 years of the church. Welcome to Black Horizons, we're glad to have you. Thank you. Mr. McCray, as a founder of the church, can you tell us what it was like 25 years ago bringing these two congregations together? Well as Dr. King stated 25 years ago 11 o 'clock Sunday morning was the most segregated hour of the week, and it probably still is,

but I went to race Memorial Presbyterian Church at that time, and Dr. Harold Toliver was the pastor, and he had a dream, he had a vision, that the church should be one, that there should not be a separation according to race in the church of all places. So early, over about the middle 50s, the Presbyterian Church was doing some experimental things nibbling around the edges, so to speak, where they had a pastoral exchange, where a pastor from a black church would do the sermon at a white church and vice versa. This was in the middle 50s. Later, a bolder step was taken, where some members of our congregation, which was Grace Church, would actually take membership in a white suburban Presbyterian Church. Well, it was a bold step. How were you received? Well, very well, because I wasn't one of the ones

who did it, but the members were received well. Oh, they were well received. I would imagine the church prospered under your shepherd ship, Erwin King, or for some time 18 years as the pastor. What was it like for you to become the pastor of such a mixed group? Well, we've always had a co -pastor, so the model was to have an interracial team as co -pastors. Who was your co -pastor? Well, it depends on when you start. There's then five who, and we all laughed at them all. We shepherd them to higher places or something like that. Either they couldn't get along with me or they moved to higher. Most of the time, they moved other places that were a little bit larger. In the long term, would you say that, correct me if I'm wrong in using the word experiment, but you've moved from what we call an experimental stage to organizing ourselves as a more formal congregation, officially recognized by five denominations. If you ask the question about, has it worked? It hasn't increased in great numbers, and I'm not sure it

ever will, because we have gone through different phases in terms of separatist models to liberation theology, and so that one could make a good case, particularly for African Americans, to want to maintain their identity by themselves. On the other hand, I think particularly today, when the violence is increasing, and if we acknowledge that fear feeds racism, that we also need a congregation like this. I see that the congregation tenaciously holds to this. What is the mix now? How is it working now? It's basically held about the same, about a 50 -50 ratio. That's great. Now, you're going to celebrate this 25th anniversary, and you're bringing Sweet Honey and the Rock Inn. It's a great Ocupala group that's been in Pittsburgh once or twice before, but just super performers. How did you select them? Well, because the

music that they do, and they do a variety, and I understand they've even added a rap number. They have. They performed it at Three Rivers Arts Festival, I think, last year. But I think to sum it up, the music that they do speaks to the heart, and it gets to the spirit of what COR is about and has been about and intends to continue to be about. So what else will take place in this celebration? What else happens for you besides the performance? Just the recognition of the Civil Anniversary? Well, the performance is the kickoff event, but there will be events occurring all during the year. It will end in a banquet, which will be held later in the year. Okay, what it sounds like fun. It's something you want to say. Well, I think also it's an opportunity to address some of the issues that exist today. Well, the whole issue of

the gangs and the violence, and at one point, if you recall, when we were involved in the integration of schools, we coupled blacks and whites as teams to go out and try to deal with parents fears. And I think that's an occasion to do something like that today, too. Well, we thank you off of being here and letting us know about the event, and we hope that it is a huge success. Thank you for having us. The Community of Reconciliation will celebrate its 25th anniversary on January 9th with a concert by Sweet Honey in the Rock. The concert will be at the Carnegie Music Hall in Oakland. For more information, you can call 3231919, that number again, 3231919. Black Horizons began in April 1968. That was the year that Dr. King was killed. Just like the community of reconciliation, Black Horizons is celebrating its 25th anniversary this year. We here at WQE are proud of both these Pittsburgh

institutions born in the spirit of Dr. King. We'll celebrate Dr. King soon because this birthday is January 15th. The Black Horizons' team talk crew is preparing a special show in his honor, and I hope that you'll join us for it on January 16th. In the meantime, tune in to Black Talk on WCXJ, 1550 on your AM dial, where I can be heard weekdays from 7 to 10 AM on Black Talk. I'm Chris Moore, and I'll either hear you there, or see you here. Bye.