The Wisconsin Magazine; 1526

[Synth Music Plays in Background] [Announcer] On tonight's Magazine, 36 hours in the training of young physicians. Also tonight, the modern poster, advertising as an art form. And tonight's closer look report. The law says companies must report their use of dangerous chemicals. But is that law being enforced. [Man] And that's where our biggest trouble is running into with this community right to know law, its just not being enforced at all. [Synth Music] [Dave Iverson] Good evening, Welcome to this week's program. Also tonight Dr. Ted Goodfriend, joins us to talk about one of the leading causes of death in women, breast cancer and its detection. [Pause]

To begin, under the law you have a right to know what hazardous chemicals are being used in your community. Each year factories and businesses that use those chemicals are supposed to file a report with their local government. But as we discovered this week as many as two thirds of those firms are leaving their communities in the dark. And that means that in the event of a chemical disaster, emergency services might be left unprepared. Our story is called the right to know produced and reported by Art Hackett. [Pause] [Flame and Hose Noises] [Art Hackett] A fire in the Madison suburb of Oregon. Firefighters who arrived at 3:00 in the morning had no idea what chemicals were stored in the Specter chem plant. No idea what the risk to nearby residents might be. This fire led to the passage of a state law that requires firms to tell state and local officials what hazardous chemicals they might be using and make plans to cope with an emergency involving those chemicals. Other incidents elsewhere triggered a similar federal law.

Some firms using extremely hazardous chemicals were told to start filing papers like these, over one year ago. [Gerald Van Kampenal] The paper companies the large ones in Green Bay, may take up the majority of these files. [Art Hackett] But the fire officials that eventually receive the documents are starting to worry that. Green Bay fire department staff chief, Gerald van ?Kampenal? says the forms are not coming in fast enough. And our check of records in Milwaukee and elsewhere shows some firms files are incomplete. Some companies complied only with parts of the law dealing with the routine release of chemicals into the environment. Although the first deadline was March of last year some of the firms have yet to file the more important forms, telling firefighters how and where the dangerous chemicals are stored. [Fire Chief Gerald] OK, first of all, we don't exactly know where it is on all occasions, that's is a very serious problem for firefighting and for health hazards. Uh Secondly, we don't always know what amount exists. Uh There could be an extreme amount of these chemicals a available for this fire to impinge on and it would would be a serious hazard for us. [Art Hackett] Van ?Kampenal?

says there are lots of firms that simply aren't filing anything at all. [Fire Chief Gerald] But I should probably have two more drawers this size. They have this up to code right now, to bring it up to par with the law. It just isn't happening. [Art Hackett] What is happening is this. Many firms are filing forms only after there's an incident at their plants. That's what happened at this aluminum recovery plant in Racine last August. Firefighters called to check on chemical fumes found, 10 tons of deadly chlorine stored inside. Peter Jensen, who's in charge of the right to know program in Racine County says there was another incident just a month later at this egg processing plant. [Peter Jensen] A number of people were transported to the hospital by the Burlington rescue squad for checkups. Nobody was was hospitalized overnight. But in the course of uh working with Echo Lake and trying to determine what the exact cause of that problem was, we determine that they did have a ammonia on site they were using ammonia as a refrigerant and they exceeded the threshold pine and quantity, that was required. [Art Hackett] Jensen

says the egg processor, Echo Lake Farms probably should have had reports filed months before. [Peter Jensen] Echo Lake is an established business in the area. Yes. [Pause] [Art Hackett] Uh- did did they file anything at all for their products. [Peter Jensen] They had no knowledge of the law until we responded up there and were actually involved with this other incident at the site. [Art Hackett] Both the egg plant and the aluminum recovery firm claimed ignorance of the law yet both had been mailed an invitation to a workshop on the program only a few months before. [Pause] Both firms quickly filed the required reports. Neither firm was fined and Jensen's not sure they should have been. He says the best approach is gentle coaxing. [Peter Jensen] It seems to me the better route to take is to, let's redirect their efforts, and if they're going to have to spend $25 or $30,000 dollars let's spend it on and complying with the law and putting in safety equipment first and giving it over to the government to uh pay for attorneys fees. [Art Hackett] But other public safety workers who have discovered unreported chemicals while responding to

emergencies are not so sure. Staff Chief Van ?Kampenal? and lives just a few blocks from the scene of this fire at Green Bay Dressed Beef. A firm that was not listed in the department's files. [Chief Gerald Van Kampenal] I could see our neighborhood on Van Dorn street which is about approximately a block away. Uh lit up like somebody had suddenly turned flood lights on in throughout the whole house and everything. [Art Hackett] A resulting investigation turned up large tanks of ammonia refrigerant inside Green Bay Dressed Beef, tanks that could have burst if exposed to the heat of the fire. The situation was critical enough to warrant the evacuation of hundreds from their homes. [Chief Gerald] Would have been very dangerous for the firefighters ya know because ammonia wherever you perspire or gets warmed up very extreme like, such as under the arms, that you will burn severely. Even a breathing apparatus, once you start perspiring your mask will come lose and in a matter of seconds or minutes and this ammonia can be uh life threatening. [Art Hackett] So who is enforcing these laws? Van ?Kampenal? says so far no one.

[Chief Van Kampenal] It's not being enforced at all. I haven't seen any visible signs of enforcement on any of the steps that have gone beyond their uh, point where enforcement should have been dealt with already. [Art Hackett] The agency charged with enforcing the law is the state Division of Emergency government, they operate out of the same basement offices that would be used following a nuclear attack. Richard Brond is the division's administrator. [Richard Brond] There are probably a few out there that said, 'hey this is more bureaucracy and I decided to throw it away and I don't need any more of this aggravation,' there are others playing the field, 'it doesn't apply to them.' And uh we need, ya need to. Try to get the message out to them and I appreciate... [Art Hackett speaks over Richard Brond's interview] Actually it's more than a few. This press release from February said 65 percent of the facilities required to report have not done so. It noted that 25 firms in other states have been fined a total of one and a half million dollars for failing to report under the federal right to know law.

But no one's been fined in Wisconsin so far. Some fire officials are starting to ask, why not?' [Chief Van Kampenal] If you keep telling people we're going to do this to you but you don't do it. The train keeps going down the tracks. But as soon as you put out the red sign say, 'we're going to now fine you a large amount of money. It's gonna to hurt your pocketbook and that business.' They'll stare- then stop then start slowing down in their tracks say, 'maybe we best comply with this now.' [Man] Some way of showing... [Hackett] This group, the state emergency response commission, is charged with overseeing both state and federal right to know programs. Some of its members, too are concerned at the Division of Emergency government is allowing too many farms to comply with the law only after an incident. David Woodbury represents the Department of Natural Resources on the commission. [David Woodbury] Before there was always talk about walking people through telling 'em - explaining what the law is and it's been up for two years and I I don't think we can, really be as lenient as we have in the past. And we we are going to have to seriously take violations to the

Justice Department and recommend action to be ta- to take place. [Man] Well they were required to file afterwards. Nobody has ever told the company in Racine, you file and you're going to be alright. They they filed at that point the - they were they were in compliance once they had done all the things that they needed to do they were in compliance. But that doesn't mean that uh [pause] that the whole thing is over. [Hackett] Yet even in cases where the firm makes no immediate effort to comply with the law there still is not an immediate legal action. Take the case of the Green Bay Dressed Beef fire which happened over 3 months ago. [Debra] -Food, Green Bay Canning, if it's under- if their actual name is Green Bay Dressed Beef, we don't have anything [Hackett: Which I think it is] on the database. [Hackett] Yeah [Debra] We we do have a compliance, procedure [Hackett: Ohh oh] has been initiated [Hackett: Ok, ok] with them. [Hackett] But the compliance action, Program Manager Debra Epson, is referring

to has so far involved only a series of letters to the company asking for more information. [Man] You just don't go making allegations, you know, without some investigation and we- we don't have any investigative capability we don't have any personnel. There is no- the legislation provided us with no personnel [Hackett] But can't you, can't, doesn't the Justice Department have sup- don't they have people that you could go to. [Man] Uh hm I I think you've got to have more than allegations to go to the Department of Justice. [Hackett] The Department of justice has told the emergency response commission and its assigned staff to assist them in developing cases. [Man in background: would be liable...] assistant attorney general Robert Zoellick says the commission has yet to ask for help. [Robert Zoellick] It has not yet come to the point where the Department of Justice has been brought in early on cases to give the kind of advice that that we feel is- we're trained to do and which we are are statutorily obligated to provide

and we are certainly ready to do that uh on any case at any time. [Hackett] We asked Zoellick if he was aware of the Green Bay Dressed Beef case. [Robert Zoellick] The Department of Justice has not been asked to review any information on that case. [Man] You got to initiate the process there. There are letters going out to to the companies that are concerned, there's letters going out to the uh facilities or the agencies or whoever worked with that and be it the fire department or whoever worked with it. Get back together the facts. [Hackett] There is information, though about what's stored inside the plant. It was gathered by Green Bay fire inspectors during their investigation. Staff Chief Van Kampenal though was unaware that the state was even looking into the matter. [Van Kampenal] This is the first I heard when I heard it from you. I have had no contact from the state of Wisconsin in regards to this or the EPA in regards to uh Green Bay Dressed Beef or any other company that hasn't complied with it.

[Hackett] If I come back say in 2 months am I likely to see some cases filed against [pause] somebody. [Man] If you come back and do, 'course you'll see some filed against somebody. I don't know whether it's going to move that fast into one because again we are we've got a tremendous workload and a short- small staff to do it. [Music] [Synth Music] [Announcer] Still to come on the Magazine. 150 years of poster art, an exhibit at the Milwaukee Art Museum profiles this intersection between culture and commerce. Still to come on the Magazine. [Synth Music] [Dave Iverson] On the Job Training is a concept familiar to most of us. We learned to perfect a particular craft by doing it. But the process of on the job

training takes on more significance when the job is that of a doctor and the craft is saving lives. After 4 years, of medical school a student of medicine becomes a doctor of medicine but his or her intense on the job training is just beginning. What follows is a story about two young doctors in the midst of a cardiac care rotation at the University of Wisconsin Hospital in Madison. Their story is called 36 hours, produced by Linda Friend and narrated by Carol Larson.[Pause] [Helicopter Noises] [Anderson] Cardiology is a fast moving surface. You've got to push hard to keep up with every day. [Helicopter powering down] [Bell] It was scary. It was very scary, when I started. [Anderson] This year more than any other year and you're you're expected to grasp whatever they throw at you or whatever comes in the door basically and and tackle everything. [Pause] [Carol Larson] Doctors Craig Anderson and Greg Bell are about to

tackle another cardiac case, a 29 year old man whose heart stopped beating for no apparent reason, before being stabilized and transported by helicopter. Bell and Anderson are interns at UW Hospital in Madison. They are halfway through their training in cardiology after years of study. They are learning first hand what it takes to be a heart doctor from a heart doctor. [Pause] [Elevator Ding]. [Ford Ballentyne] There are times when there are a couple dozen patients on each team and you barely have time to to think. Um So you have to keep moving. Well as a kid... [Carole Larson speaks over Ford Ballentyne] Cardiologist Ford Ballentyne is an attending physician for the hospitals interns in training for the next 3 weeks. He will guide them through exhausting 36 hour hospital shifts, where their training will be turned into treatment. Cardiac care is often emergency care. And today's caseload has already seen its share of critical patients. [Scrambling and Cart noises] [Anderson] crisis after another actually, it's been a busy morning. [Bell] ?Fortunately?, its been a dream. [Anderson] Yeah.

[Carole Larson] The young man brought in by helicopter has been examined and tests have been ordered. Now Ballentyne and his team are on their way to the viewing room to look at another patient's heart films. It's here that Ballentyne teaches the interns where to look for trouble. [Ballentyne] We're looking at the left ventricle up here. This first one is what is called a ventricular gram. [Projector noises] And looks like what we see a line pretty ?crash small disease here? pretty early on... [Carol Larson] The patient they're discussing is John McCallister who came to the hospital complaining of chest pain. His cardiac film reveals disease in the arteries leading to his heart. John McCallister needs bypass surgery. [Ballentyne] It's, well it's a large, but it looks like there was a small contraction over the lateral edge. [Projector noises]. [Beeping] [Woman over Radio: ?Hey, can you please call me at 2 2 3 0 2 2 3 3 0? [Carole Larson] An emergency call has come in from the cardiac lab. A patient has been diagnosed with

such severe artery disease that technicians fear an imminent heart attack. Ballentyne and his team must decide what to do. [Computer hum] [Woman] ?That's it that's the MIT? Big ?Disdo? Big ?Proximal?. [Doctor: Wow] Nasty isn't it. Yeah Yeah it is. [Carol Larson] The patient in trouble is Kenneth Harenstine. His coronary arteries are so plugged that immediate angioplasty is ordered. [Doctors discussing among themselves] Ballantyne calls a surgeon to perform the technique that widens arteries by insertion of an inflatable balloon. As Bell and Anderson look on a potential heart attack is averted. [Pause] [Doctors muttering]. Then it's time to move on. [Anderson: Back to work] [Bell: Back to work] [Footsteps and shuffling]. [Carole Larson] It's late afternoon, Anderson and Bell have been on call overnight and all day. It's now time for rounds where the team reports on their patients treatment for the coming night's

rotation. Ballentyne's own experiences have taught him to avoid an authoritarian approach. [Ballentyne] Um, When I went to medical school I found it to be a thoroughly unpleasant experience. I really enjoyed college I loved college. People wanted you to think, they wanted to be creative, I went to medical school and people said learn this, learn that, memorize this, regurgitate it now, and it was very stultifying. It's possible to take that information and a apply it in a humane way and have fun in the process. [Bell] Your health history ?accounts? here. [Carole Larson] So it's two hours past the end of Greg Bell's 36 hour rotation. But he's not home yet. It's time to tell John McAllister, whose heart films revealed artery disease, that he needs surgery. [Bell explaining to McAllister: We ?could see your blood vessels here?...] [Bell] I was concerned about his reaction because I know, he didn't really think before, he came here that he had a serious heart disease. I think he was probably in a little a bit of denial because he had 2 brothers, unfortunately, had passed away

very early in their lives from heart disease. And I think he was scared and I would be too. [Bell talking to John McAllister] You know, I just cuz your heart muscle essentially starving for for nutrients from the blood what we're doing. Uh You know what we will recommend to you. Is because those lesions, those tight lesions, are at pretty much the beginning of each of those three vessels. Then we you know we think this is an excellent condition for uh surgery, um and that being the bypass surgery. I want to again just kind of encourage you in the you know looking at their films. Um You're your case is it's just great for bypass surgery. So yeah [John McAllister: Ok] I'm encouraged by it. I think you should be too. [John: All right.]

[Bell] Do uh, do you have any concerns about that? [John, nervous chuckle] Sure. Hehe Yeah. [Bell] Yeah, yeah. Yeah. [John] Yeah [Bell] It's a big surgery. [John] Yeah. [Bell] It's a big surgery. [Carole] John McAllister's prognosis is good. Thanks to the huge strides made in contemporary cardiac care. But Bell has learned that major surgery is always bad news and bad news, isn't easy to deliver. [Bell] Alright. Well, see ya then. [John] Ok then Dr. Bell. [Bell] I I was just thinking on my previous service when I was on neurology last and uh in one week I had to tell two young women in their 20s uh that they both had terminal brain tumors and they were both engaged and they both had their entire lives ahead of them and uh it wasn't a good week. You know, it- I mean those 2 episodes I you know I didn't handle it well, but I felt like um

I felt like maybe they [pause] took some um gratitude in my being empathetic. I think probably over time there isn't that that heartfelt [pause] concern for them. [Ballentyne] No, I actually I think it sort of goes the other way. Um I mean it never stays the same, but it was easier for me to walk out and give people bad news as an intern. And then when I watched my father die and the effect of it on all of us and realized what it felt like to be in that position, my ability to do that changed drastically. And I was able to relate to people in a way that I wouldn't have been able to relate to them if I read every book I could have about what it's like. [Bell] Can you tell me where you're feeling the pain? [Patient] Over here on the left side, and down ?raditation? down the left arm. [Bell] Ok. [Carole Larson] It's evening,a time when the interns are expected to handle patients on their own. Bell has been called

unexpectedly to Rolan Colby's room. Colby once had bypass surgery and is now complaining of chest pains. Bell must decide what to do. [Bell] This doesn't look to too bad, at all. [Colby] I bet. [Soft chatter in background]. [Carol Larson] Colby's condition is not serious and Bell is able to handle it on his own. [Ballentyne] I think you need to be on, alone. You're not alone, you always have someone, you can call. Whose higher up on the ladder than you, but you need to be on at night when it's kind of quiet and kind of lonely and really be put in a position where, wow I got to decide something now, I can get help. But I'm expected to sort of come up with something reasonable before I call for help. And that wouldn't happen during the day. [Anderson voice's over scene] Even though you're getting dog tired and you know you've got hours and hours and hours of work ahead of ya. Anything can go wrong in the meantime you just, you never really think, 'Well, God I'm going to give up. I can't keep doing this,' because you have to just keep doing it. [Bell]Yeah, [Anderson] McAllister's on the floor.

[Bell] Right and he's the guy who...[Carole Larson] Greg Bell's shift is finally over. He turns his patients over to Craig Anderson, who's on call for another night. This is Anderson's second straight night on call with patients in intensive care. And fatigue is evident. [Anderson] My hopes is that I don't get any more admissions tonight so I can catch up [pause] hopefully keep what we've got here under control. I don't hear the helicopter starting up out there yet So maybe it'll work out that way. [Background chatter] [Carole Larson] For tonight, at least, it does work out that way. No one arrives by helicopter. No one gets worse. No one dies. Anderson has been on duty for over 40 hours, catching sleep when he can. Though some consider these long shifts inhumane. Attending physician Ford Ballantyne maintains it's a necessary evil. [Ballentyne] There's a little bit of macho in every every uh intern or resident, there has to be to survive. If you have a patient admitted on, on your service who is

unstable or quite ill and all of a sudden you check out and say good bye and turn it over to someone else. You learn less than if you sort of are able to follow this patient through for a while. Um And I think the patient doesn't benefit either. [Carole Larson] Ballentyne says 36 hour on call shifts may be tough, but the years spent in training prior to internship are a sacrifice that's much more profound. [Ballentyne] I mean most of these people are in their early 30s when they finish but subspecialty training and to watch that period of your life disappear, when people that you went to high school with are out having fun, relaxing uh enjoying their weekends it's really difficult and you sort of have to have a pretty big ability to to accept late gratification you have to be willing to just say, some day. [Pause] [Carole Larson] The next morning, Greg Bell is back for another 36 hour rotation. Anderson is on his way to visit Ken Harenstine,

The patient who had emergency angioplasty the day before, Harenstine is now awake and needs to be told what happened. [Anderson's fades in] You were at the point, where one of your main arteries did get pinched off. [Harenstine] Mhm. [Anderson] The thallium skin is what really convinced us that something, really was happening with your heart since you were having chest pains but your EKG didn't really show anything. [Carole Larson] In just 12 hours, Harenstine has gone from serious to stable. [Anderson in background: catheter...] a success story that's often repeated in cardiac care.[Anderson: ...your uh artery.] [Harenstine] Thank You. [Anderson] Let's have a listen to your chest this morning. OK. [Pause] [Carole Larson] But the young man brought in by helicopter the previous day, is not as lucky. Lab tests reveal an overdose of cocaine caused cardiac arrest his heart stopped for over five minutes causing irreversible brain death. His family decided to donate his organs for transplant. [Anderson] It was it seems senseless it was really tragic that such a young healthy person could end up like that

in almost no time flat. [Pause] [Doctor] Ok [Carole Larson] Bell and Anderson will spend another week with Dr. Ballentyne in the cardiac unit, then go on to other specialties and more 36 hour shifts. After that they will spend even more years training to be specialists before they are entirely on their own. [Anderson] Gotta have people skills gotta be able to talk to people and comfort them when they are at sorrow and and cheer them up when they're down. And explain to them what uh you know what their illnesses are doing to them. So uh. [Bell] And even though that's tough at times it's rewarding you know. I think probably, a lot of what we get our satisfaction from in spending these lying hours here. [Music] [Male Announcer] Still to come in the magazine, meet Nancy White, who for the past 40 years spent every fire season on a lookout tower high above a northern forest. Later,

on the Magazine. [Music] [Dave Iverson] Pictures and words. Messages wrapped up in an image, that could be a description of television but in this case it's a description of another medium. Posters and poster art. We usually think of posters as messages on a wall. Artistic attention getters designed to invite us somewhere or to do something. But the modern poster is now the subject of an exhibit at the Milwaukee Art Museum and it's also the subject of this report produced and narrated by Joanne Garrett. [Rock music plays] [Man] When it comes to refreshing fun that keeps on going- [Music changes to carnival style music] [Joanne Garrett] Got your attention? [Crash sound] New. Got your attention? [Music changes to Spanish music] [Man] Velveeta! Velveeta! Wooha! [Music changes to crime theme] [Man #2] Stop! [Joanne] Got your attention. [Man in distance] Stop. [Joanne] Good. That's the first goal in advertising to grab the eye, to create interest in the

product which is what we're trying to do with our product. This story, which is about a particular kind of advertising, the poster. [Pause] [Music] Some 150 years of posters, some 176 posters. Part of an exhibit from the Museum of Modern Art, entitled The Modern Poster. They range from an advertisement by Toulouse-Lautrec for a parisan nightclub in the late 1800s. [Music changes to Piano music] to Japanese puppet theatre of the 1980s. [Car noises] From Peugot cars, to American propaganda. [Marching in background] The exhibit is now on display at the Milwaukee Art Museum. Verna Curis is the curator. [Verna Curis] You're supposed to have your socks knocked off when you look at each individual piece.[Sound effects]. It's supposed to make you stop and read it and

absorb its message. [Joanne] It's supposed to make you stop and read it and absorb it. Whether the product being sold is polio research or noise reduction or more conventional products. As New York designer Alex Lindsay said recently, 'good design must startle,' this exhibit does. [Chatter in background] [Verna] So there's two things that work with a poster. Capturing your eye and then giving you a subliminal message. [Pause] [Footsteps]. [Car Honk] a poster of the sensually for an advertisement. And it's different from other art forms because it's it's usually a throwaway. [Pause]. [Paper rustling sounds] The poster is ephemeral [Flute music plays in background] object. [Joanne] An ephemeral object, that crosses both culture and commerce. A hybrid that can sometimes produce high art. Posters may have been created as

throwaways, but the best such as these have held on. [Verna] The essence of what makes something art is, does it communicate and does it last. Visually. [Joanne] These images have lasted through time but they are also products of their time and as such they offer a wonderful reflection of what has caught the gaze, the style, and art and culture of that moment. This is an 1898 poster, an advertisement for Victor bicycles. It is also a tribute to the then current trend of art nouveau. With its curving lines and endless repetition. Rows of tiny circles create the face. The content, the message is buried in the form. A little hubcap reads, 'Why not ride the best.' [Train whistles] [Music fades out] Posters made their way into the 20th century. Designs were simplified to create more impact and an impact they certainly had.

Up through the 20s before the heyday of radio and the advent of color lithography printing and magazines. Posters were the advertising medium. [Verna] The poster was the essential way of communicating ideas. Through the 20s. [Man] Thought you [trails off] [Woman] Yes, for a beautiful, for beautiful trip by by autumn to Switzerland. That That's a poster for a .... [Joanne speaking over the couple's conversation] Selling a road trip for. A tennis tournament. Or the London subway system. Again, the changes in art styles were captured in the poster. [Verna] Well a poster reflects its time. The sort of chaos and turmoil of of technology and and change, you know change, change of regimes and all the cataclysmic events of the early part of this century is reflected in the art and a part of it. [Joanne] Expressionism. Futurism. Constructivism. Dadaism. All the isms made their mark. Consider the Dadaists. [Verna] One device that they started using early

on was taking body parts and most essentially the human eye. If presented with the human eye drawn form or photographed form we look at it. [Chattering in the background] [Woman: Scary] [Man: Ye, they are supposed to be] [Joanne] After the revolution. The Russians took this idea one step further. In this poster a young couple shares in a, a very graphic way of saying they share the same vision. [Chattering in background] [Woman] Oh he looks happy. [Pause] We will return our hold back to the country. [Man] Hm. [Joanne] For the Russian constructivists the poster was a way to sell the idea of a social experiment. They used it to sell the idea of communism, not commercials. They used the poster to persuade. The titles tell it all. This one is entitled, 'Fulfilled Plan, Great work.' Transportation worker arms himself with technical skill.

This one is called, 'Fighting lazy workers.' [Pause] The Russians wanted to toss the old order on its ear and they wanted to use the arts as a tool in that struggle. They made huge advances in filmmaking refining the notion of quick cuts, the montage, what one theorist called the Sunni fist meant to assault the senses with a vision of a new order. [Woman]Because I would like to know what it means [Woman 2] You'd have to know who these people are. [Woman] Mhm. and what it stands for [Woman 2] Maybe it was a movie.I bet its a movie, a Russian movie, it was a movie about... [Woman] Yeah, that makes sense. [Woman 2] Mhm, mhm. [Joanne] The idea of montage, colliding images was repeated in their posting. [Harmonica plays in background] Once again the posters reflected the times. [“Like A Rolling Stone" by Bob Dylan plays] Ah you never turned around to see the frowns. On the jugglers and the clowns when they all did tricks for you. [Music Fades out] [Joanne] 40 years later, psychedelic posters and psychedelic music

mirrored each other. [Verna] Psychedelic posters [chuckles] which I love to compare to art nouveau because it's kind of 1960s art nouveau. [Pause] What sort of hard to read what they were trying to write. And [pause] it doesn't communicate as clearly but it catches your eye. [Psychedelic music] [Music] [Joanne] Catching the eye. Posters or about the presentation of information. Wrapped up with a graphic image that tells the viewer to stop. Read. And absorb the message. [Music changes to piano music] This poster announcing a memorial concert for the jazz artist Thelonious Monk is one of the last pieces in the exhibit. The words literally make up the image of the man. Words and images relaying information and reflecting the style of the times. That is what is found in this

curious cross between advertising and art. That is what is found in the modern poster. [Jazz music fades out] [Music] [Dave Iverson] Doctor Ted Good Friend joins us now for our weekly health update, our topic this week is breast cancer and its detection. [Dr. Ted] We advocate, mammograms uh for women over 50 and uh to a lesser extent for younger women and that's always surprised me why women are reluctant to have mammograms. So we've prepared a short segment to describe a mammogram for those women who have never had one so they can see what it's like. [Gymnasium chatter]. [Narrator] Although women live longer than men. They face one disease particular to females, breast cancer. One of the two leading causes of death for women

today. Radiology supervisor Susan ?Newishwander? [Susan]Early detection. That's the key to survival. I would say, I mean if it gets too advance to a point then. Then you know you've let it go too far if you can catch it early. The success rate is tremendous. [Doctor] Now go ahead and do the left side. [Announcer] Catching it early means going beyond self-examination, to an X-ray procedure called mammography. This exam detects cancers too small to be felt. [Doctor] So this is gunna get quite uncomfortable for ya, just let me know. [Announcer] The procedure takes about 15 minutes and involves compression of the breast tissue for several seconds as Ms.?Newishwander? demonstrates. [Doctor] Good, OK. [Announcer] A fear that it may hurt or be uncomfortable, keeps some women away. [Susan] They have heard, often times, horrible things about the exam and they don't understand the reason for the compression. I think that's a lot of it depends on how tender your breasts are. Um Some women are under the impression that. The smaller the breasts or the larger the breast might be

more uncomfortable. However, that doesn't really seem to be the case. It just it's just an individual thing. [Announcer] An individual experience that may mean early detection of a cancer that could kill. Consider the numbers. One out of ten women will develop breast cancer sometime in their lives. One hundred forty thousand women in the United States are diagnosed with breast cancer each year. And in 1989 alone 40,000 women will die from breast cancer. Early detection would appear to be worth a few seconds of discomfort. [Susan] It seems a minimum for what you might encounter later in life if you develop the cancer and you have to go through everything you might need to go through as far as chemotherapy or radiation or. Anything if it's in a more advanced state. [Doctor] Just a little bit,bend your knees just a little. [Announcer] To reduce the odds of dying from breast cancer. Know the answers to these questions, who is at greatest risk of breast cancer. How often should a mammogram be done. And are there any other preventive measures that should be followed.

[Dave Iverson] Ted, to begin, I'm conscious of the fact that here we are two men commenting on a test that only women can take but obviously it is uncomfortable. Why is that compression necessary. Why does the test need to be as uh as painful as it appears to be? [Dr. Ted] The purpose of compression is to flatten the breast spread it out and make it easier for the radiologist to see on the image. All the parts of the breast separated from one another. We would flatten and compress every soft tissue if it was possible before we took an X-ray and I might add that the discomfort apparently varies from woman to woman it varies at different times of the cycle. The the examination should be made between the menstrual periods and it also varies depending on the apprehension the woman brings to the examination. [Dave Iverson] So you need't necessarily assume that this is going to be one of the most painful things that you ever have to endure. [Dr. Ted] Oh I think that's right and apparently the 2nd time women have it done, then they're less apprehensive, it hurts less.

[Dave Iverson] What about any other dangers connected with the test itself we're all concerned about radiation for example. Is is that a concern? [Dr. Ted] That was quite a debate for a while about mammography whether the added X-rays were going to do more harm than good. Now with new, very sensitive films and with the benefit of the compression and with better X-ray technique. The amount of radiation has diminished, so that now that the risk of the radiation is less than the risk of the undetected cancer. [Dave Iverson] But is the radiation issue one reason why you would suggest that this test be primarily given to women who are somewhat older and not so much in the childbearing years. Or is that not relevant. [Dr. Ted] No, that's relevant, I think the older the woman the more at risk for breast cancer the more logical it is to undergo the discomfort and the small risk of radiation and the cost. Some insurance companies do not cover the cost of mammography. [Dave Iverson] OK, let's go through who is at risk and when this test ought to be taken. First of all older women. [Dr.Ted] Women over 50. Uh The examination is recommended every year or every 2 years. Women between 40 and 50, less

frequently every two years to three years. Women under 40 just wants to get a baseline examination to compare to all the others and by the way if women move from place to place they should go back to the place they had their mammogram and get it out of the files and carry it with them to their new location or their new health care provider. [Dave Iverson] In between, those those somewhat sporadic checks what else should women be doing in terms of being concerned about the detection of breast cancer. [Dr. Ted] The commonly recommended best detection procedure is self examination where the woman feels her own breast at intervals once a month between periods. By far the greatest number of breast cancers are detected by the patient herself. So women should get into the habit of breast self-examination and out of the habit of smoking. It now appears as though lung cancer has surpassed breast cancer as a killer of women. [Dave Iverson] But lung cancer is something and, it's interesting the difference here, because lung cancer is something you can prevent largely by not smoking, breast cancer you really can't prevent, you can you can detect it

early it sounds like you're saying but you can't prevent it. [Dr. Ted] That's a very good point. Lung cancer you can prevent by stopping smoking, breast cancer you can detect and the death can be prevented by early detection, treatment, removal or whatever. [Dave Iverson] Early detection then is the key word in all of this regardless of which procedure your own self or the mammogram that you choose to follow. [Dr. Ted] The purpose is to catch the tumor before it spread or before it spread so far that it can't be adequately eradicated by X-ray or surgery. [Dave] All right. Ted Good Friend thanks as always. [Dr. Ted] Thank you. [Music] [Announcer] If you would like to comment on this week's broadcast, write the Wisconsin magazine 821 University Avenue, Madison Wisconsin 53706 [music] [Dave Iverson] So far it's been another dry spring, something that worries farmers and firefighters alike. Last summer's drought resulted in twice as many forest fires than average. Fire lookouts

are the first line of defense and firefighting sitting high above the tree line. Keeping a watchful eye on the forest below. Our next story is about the life of a fire lookout something that Nancy White has done for 40 summers. We spent a day with her last spring and put together this story called, Halfway to Heaven produced and reported by Carol Larson. [Pause] [Birds chirp] [Trumpet plays] [Music] [Nancy] Marinette Cedarville, [Marinette over Radio Walkie] ?Calling back from Cedarville? This is Marinette. [Nancy] The visibility is 7 miles and the winds from the southwest at about 15. [Radio tune in noise] [Marinette] Copy Cedarville. [Nancy] Today is May 26th. Checked in at 10:05. My radio work good today. Our fire danger today is very High. [Pause] [Carole] Far above the tree tops. Nancy White gains the advantage she needs. The view

overlooks the towns of Wausaukee and Crivitz to the south, and Marinette and Peshtigo in the the distance. A view of a 16 mile patch of woods in northeastern Wisconsin. [Nancy] My eyes never leave the tree tops. On a day when it's very high such as this. [Pause] Like a fire is just waiting to happen. Feels like you're sitting on a tinderbox. [Carole] The fire tower gives Nancy White, the view she needs, and the few she likes the view she has enjoyed every day of every spring. Many summers and most autumns since she was age 23. This year is her anniversary. Nancy White has now spent 40 years above the tree tops. [Nancy] I guess the only reason I'm still doing this is because I enjoy it so much. Who could really ask for anything more? [Pause] When I see smoke I put the black string right on the center of the smoke.

This is just like a gunsight. I call a man at office. And this I would call 92 degrees. [Crickets] I've never had time to get lonely or bored. [Carol] Nancy's calendar is a record of four decades of fire conditions and wildlife sightings. The big fires and the special events. [Nancy] Oh sit in a cloud. The sun is shining the rain is falling and you're sitting right in a rainbow. You know in a rainbow. That's probably one of the most unusual things that happen to me. [Chuckles]. [Carol]That's going to make you feel. You know. Celestial. I don't know. [Nancy] Close to heaven? [Carol] Close to heaven. [Nancy] Close to heaven. [Bird chirping] [Footsteps through woods]. [Carol] The tower is 100 feet tall and built atop a 60 foot cliff. Though most tower look outs today are women, Nancy White was one of the first. [Music] [Nancy] The men all had went to the city. They were making big money working in the factories. It's

1948, where $100 a month doesn't seem very much. And they don't like the seven day week either. I thought it was interesting. All the wildlife that I saw Even the first day and we've been getting up the first time. I didn't never have climbed a ladder that tall but it wasn't too bad. [Bird chirping]. ?Right there's cedarville on the ground.? [Carol] Nancy White takes the ladder the same way she accepts the years one at a time. Small steps to someone who has wished for higher heights. [Nancy] Yes my dream was always to go into space. And I wish they would ask me to go with them to the moon. [Carole] You would have been an astronaut? [Nancy] I would have been an astronaut if I was young. If I could live my life over again that's where I would be. I would be in the space program. I watch them go, I watch them play in the moon. And I wished I could have been there. [Pause] I love

The country. The quiet. You don't find this in the city. [Carol] Nancy White's love of the North Country is acquired. She was born in a city in Racine. After graduating high school there, she came north for a visit and stayed. Wausaukee is now home, a small town that in summer it swells a bit with tourists. Few of whom know about the lady, who each morning checks on the number of their campfires and then spends the day watching from above. [Nancy] Oh hi Betty! The dispatcher from Marinette and called. So I have to change the sign to very high. [Phone Ringing.] [Woman] Red, Line one. [Nancy] That means things are gunna burn real good today. [Carole] Most fires last summer were spotted fast and extinguished quickly by Ranger units on constant standby, waiting for a signal from the towers. [Man over Radio] Cedarville go ahead. [Radio noise]

[Nancy] I'm I'm at the ground and I'll be up shortly. [Pause] [Radio sound] [Man] 10-4. [Nancy] K-4273. When I leave the car in the morning and I walk in the. Grass and leaves the crunch under my feet I know it's dry. [Carol] For her 40 years of watching over the woods. The state gave her a medal. Mother Nature gave her one of the worst fire seasons on record. [Nancy] It's drier now than it was right when the snow left. And then that's pretty dry, when the when the sn- snow was gone. Very dry. [Nature sounds] I don't get to come up all summer. Uh, Unless it's really hazardous or we don't get any rain all summer. Then I would be up there longer. [Carole] Usually the lookouts only climb the towers until June when the woods are fully green and then return in the fall. Last year Nancy worked until mid July. [Metal clanging] [Nancy] As long as my health holds out. I can't see no reason not to continue since

I enjoy it so much. Unless I just got plain tired and [laughs] and didn't want to climb the tower anymore. [Music] [Carol] At age 63, Nancy White shows no sign of tiring. Last autumn she climbed the Cedarville tower again. And will be there again this spring. One more year to enjoy the view. At least, halfway to heaven. [Music] [Dave Iverson] Carol Larson produced that last report. Finally another story about trees about the making of maple syrup. Syrup making is a sure sign of spring. And last year we spent some time in the woods putting together this short story on the making of maple syrup. A Drop in the Bucket is the name of our report written and produced by Marc Weller. [Birds chirping] [Marc Weller] In September and October the maple tree tells us to prepare for winter by

turning colors that says snow in cold will be here shortly. A seasonal barometer that reads change. In March the maple tells us something quite different. While ushering in the hope of warm weather it speaks to us in quiet, simple terms. Listen carefully and you will hear the first murmur of spring. [Pause] [Dripping sound in background] [Geese honking]. [Dripping syrup in bucket sound]. [Marc] These steady drips are the minuet of maple. The accapela music of springtime in the hard woods. It is also the time that Sauk County, gentleman farmer, Gordon Janney loads his collection jugs on the front of his tractor and heads to the woods, to the sugar bush, to tap maple trees. [Gordon] It's just uh uh a feeling in the spring that when you get down there in the sugar bush, and ya tap the trees, and you hear the the geese going over and ya ya get the smells of the of the uhhh Snow and stuff

melting, and it just something in your blood. That's all there is to it. [Marc] For years Gordon Janney has practiced the ancient art of turning maple sap into maple syrup conducting his own one man ritual that announces winter is dead long live spring. [Gordon] When the sap starts to flow and the water is running the snow is meltin' that uh pretty soon it's it's going to be spring and then summer. [Music plays in background] [Marc] In the solitude of his 212 acre farm, Janney makes sure of only when Nature says so. Usually a mere 25 or so days per year, he is in the sugar bush during the no man's land time of year when spring teases us during the day but winter still rules the night. [Gordon] If you have a freezing night and then the sun comes out the next day and she warms up to 45 or uh 50 degrees. Then you'll have a bagful [Music fades out] when you get down there in the afternoon. Otherwise if it gets warm it stays warm. The flow slows up if it gets cold of course and doesn't thawed then. There's no flow at all. What happens is you pick out your

tree you pick an area about 6 inches away from where you tapped last year. Know your hole, put your ?spiel? in, and hang your bag on it, and then you just wait until the next day and hope that you get a full bag. [Marc] It sounds simple enough but that underestimates the work involved harvesting sap from the 90 trees he has tapped this year. [Gordon] If uh I had to do it to make a living or something I I might look for something a little easier. I don't mind it as long as I don't have to do it. [Marc] If you have the patience to harvest maple sap it flows agonizingly slowly. The crystal clear liquid sparkles in the sunlight while it leisurely fills the containers reflecting the pace at which winter gives way to spring. [Sap dripping sound] [Loud pouring sound]. [Gordon] From my operation here it's a kind of a hobby like operation and I probably make a whole 8 to 10 gallons a year. [Marc] To

get that 8 to 10 gallons of maple syrup. Janney must work hard, collecting nearly 400 gallons of maple sap, a sticky liquid made up of mostly water. [Loud pouring sounds]. [Gordon] The sap is about one and a half to three percent sugar and that means that 97 to 98 percent is water. And so you have to reduce this uh water until you get down to sixty six and a half percent sugar which is what is considered pure maple syrup. [Machines noises in background]. [Marc] From the sugar bush, to the Sugar Shack. A makeshift outdoor chemistry lab where Janney starts the long process of boiling the sap into syrup. [Pouring sounds]. [Marc] I think that the biggest thing that the majority of the people don't understand is the amount of labor and time, and the amount of sap that it takes to cook down to end up with a small amount of of syrup at the end. [Marc] Janney does it the old fashioned way.

Heating the sap with wood rather than gas or oil. Occasionally a maple log gets tossed on the fire reminding us that nature is cyclical. A branch used to keep the sap now is as important as when a produce sat perhaps years ago. [Marc] The process is uh is to put it in a pan on a to simplify it just put it in a pan and put it on the fire and just boil away. It's simple but it's it's time consuming. [Marc] 40 gallons of sap which contains mostly water, will be boiled down to a single gallon of maple syrup. [Gordon] And of that I adjust the bow so that the flow. Of the sap into the boiling pan is equal to the rate of the water that's being evaporated away. And and in this way..[Music] [Marc] It's a long process punctuated by stoking the fire and occasionally stirring the sap. It's not uncommon for Janney to stand here for 13 hours at a stretch before the syrup is ready. [Gordon] Pure maple syrup is is just sap from the maple tree boiled away and boiled down to the proper concentration.

[Marc] The proper concentration is 66 percent sugar. Janney determines that by using a simple device called a hydrometer by checking the density of the syrup you can find the sugar content. [Gordon]If you leave it cooked longer, and then can it. Then you'll have sugar, crystals forming in the in the jar or in the container that you put it in. And if you don't have it. That. Thick then you're gipping the the customer or whoever is eating it, they're not getting pure maple syrup. [Marc] At just the right moment when the water is boiled away and only the syrup remains. Janney pulls the pan from the fire after hours of hard work. All that remains is pure maple syrup. The result of a process that has been practiced for centuries. Part science, part tradition. [Pause] [Machines noises] In the kitchen Jenny strange the golden brown syrup eliminating any soot that may have found its way into the sticky liquid. Once again the simple music of springtime is heard from the

bottom of the catch pail. [Dripping sounds]. From there the still warm fresh syrup is labeled into sterile jars. The process borne in winter nights and captured in spring days is ready for breakfast. [Dripping sounds]. [Music] [Dave Iverson] Marc Weller produced our last story and that's our program for this week. Join us again a week from tonight for our next Wisconsin Magazine. And remember to watch Wisconsin Week Fridays at 7:00 for the latest on what's happening around our state. I'm Dave Iverson. Have a good week.