PowerPoint; War on Terrorism; Post 9/11

Production and broadcast of PowerPoint is made possible by a grant from the Corporation for Public Broadcasting and by the National Legacy Foundation, a non -profit organization committed to enhancing, preserving, and restoring the legacy and history of life in America. This is PowerPoint, an Information Age clearinghouse for news, issues, and ideas that impact the African -American community, the nation, and the world. He told American troops to be ready, and as the nation tries to regain some sense of normalcy, President George W. Bush has promised America justice will be served. Good evening and welcome to PowerPoint, Broadcasting Live from Atlanta, Georgia. I'm Carmen Burns. It's called the New War. The United States and its war against Usama bin Laden and any other terrorist regimes. Just how will President Bush's national defense team plan and execute this new war? What kind of military

support can the United States expect from its allies? Plus, here the latest from Washington with a special report on Operation Infinite Justice. Up next on PowerPoint, America attacks terrorism. But first we head to the PowerPoint newsroom with Fonda Smith and a recap of this week's news. With news and information to empower the community, this is PowerPoint. Good evening, I'm Fonda Smith. It's called Operation Infinite Justice, America's New War on terrorism, and stepping up to the plate are not only our nation's armed forces, but folks here at home are as well. They gathered earlier today to honor the first casualties of America's New War, the victims of the recent terrorist attacks. It was the biggest prayer visual ever it took place in New York at Yankee Stadium. Some 60 ,000 plus people came together to pay special tribute to those killed and still missing from the September 11 terrorist attacks. Religious

leaders of all faiths from Baptist to seek from across the nation or invited to participate, as well as Oprah Winfrey and actor James Earl Jones. Jones told those present that the country stands united. He said this was not just an attack on New York or the United States, that it was an attack on a free and civil world. Jones said the attack was an attempt to undermine our civic faith and spirit in the United States. He was followed by an retainer and talk show hostess Oprah Winfrey. She opened by saying God bless New York. She said that each light lost in the attacks represents every one of us. Winfrey says that our lives have been shaken, but we Americans refuse to be shattered. Among some of the first victims of the terrorist attacks to be funeralized was 11 -year -old African -American Bernard Brown of Washington, D .C. His funeral was held on Friday. Brown died on flight 77, bound for Los Angeles, which never reached its destination. It crashed into the Pentagon at 9 .45 AM. The head of the NAACP says the terrorist attack on the United States should not go unpunished. YECM Fumis says that all Americans should stand together against

terrorism. He adds the hour is upon us to put aside differences and dissent. Secretary of State Colin Powell says nationals from 80 countries were among the victims in the terrorist attacks at the World Trade Center in the Pentagon, prompting international support from the retaliation against those responsible, a call some, if not all, African leaders may answer. The president of Senegal, Abdullah Wade, has called for an African -packed against terrorism. Mr. Wade speaking in various urged African leaders to come together following the attacks in America to ensure terrorist groups were deprived of any kind of support in Africa. He suggested that the organization of African unity establish a seven -member committee of African heads of state to ensure that no country on the continent offered sanctuary to terrorist groups much less money or aid. Senegal's population is 95 percent Muslim, but fundamentalist Islam is not common and relations with the Christian minority are good. From an entertainment standpoint, a Marvin Gay remake takes on new meaning. The

organizers behind the remake of the Marvin Gay Classic, what's going on, are redirecting proceeds to benefit victims of the national tragedy. While the stars that attribute was originally intended to raise money for AIDS charities and shed light on the epidemic in Africa, the proceeds from the song will now also go to help out in the aftermath of the terrorist attacks against New York and Washington, D .C. Half the money raised will go to the artists against AIDS worldwide, and the global AIDS alliance and the other half will be donated to the September 11th fund. Alicia Keys, Destiny's Child, Shah Roof, and Sean P. Diddy are among the artists participating in the recording. What's going on, the remake is scheduled to be released on December 1st, World AIDS Day. Michael Jordan is expected to announce his official return to the NBA on Monday, CNN Sports Illustrated reports the former Chicago Bulls star will not hold a news conference in Washington, but instead will issue a statement confirming he will play in 2001 -2002. Jordan All but confirmed his comeback on September 10th, and originally wanted to hold a news conference in Washington within 10 days

where the terrorist attacks prompted him to keep the announcement low key. Jordan led the Bulls to six NBA titles. He retired after the 1997 -98 season to join the Washington Wizards front office. He's expected to join the Wizards when they open training camp October 1st in Wilmington, North Carolina. Operation Infinite Justice America's New War on Terrorism, and we are at war. That is the news on PowerPoint this evening. I'm Von Dismith, and our first hour continuing coverage of the terrorist attacks on America, and in our second hour, what effect America's absence at the world conference on racism will have, or is having on our nation and around the world. And welcome back to PowerPoint, I'm Carmen Burns.

Speaking in direct and blunt terms, Secretary of State Colin Powell on National TV has repeated the president's plan to dismantle the Al -Qaeda network and its nucleus, Usama bin Laden. The movement of military supplies and equipment overseas has officially begun and dozens of warplanes have already been deployed to the Persian Gulf. The Navy has sent an aircraft carrier and a backup battle group out to sea. Already President Bush has rewarded allies by lifting sanctions against India and Pakistan that were imposed after the two nations tested nuclear weapons in 1998. So just when will Operation Infinite Justice begin? And will US -led efforts to stop terrorism finally bear fruit? We'll ask our panel. Joining PowerPoint by phone from Washington, D .C., National Correspondent for CNN, Eileen O 'Connor, Dr. Peter Cedarberg, expert on National Defense and Terrorism in the Dean of the South Carolina Honors College at the University of South Carolina. And in our studio, Neil Kingcoff, Professor

of Law at Georgia State University. As always, we encourage you to call in with your questions or comments. Our PowerPoint hotline number is 1 -800 -360 -1799. That's 1 -800 -360 -1799. Good evening to all of you. Thanks for being with us. Good evening. Thank you. Hello, Carmen. Eileen, let's start with you. I know you're with us for just a short time. But what's the latest you hear in D .C. on terms of Operation Infinite Justice? Well, Operation Infinite Justice, as the President has said, is going to be a long -term effort. And what sources are saying is this is going to be more of an unusual effort, not the typical kind of war. And I think you've been hearing a lot in the President's statements when you read between the lines. You can see that he's readying the American public for that. This is going to be a war, according to sources in the military, which will be fought on all fronts. They're already talking about freezing assets, as they do with drug dealers. They're talking about there's going to be military options like airstrikes, but also special operations. That means

insertion of teams and extraction, as you've heard the President say, we're going to find, we're going to bring justice to these people. And so those are the kinds of new tactics, or at least unusual tactics that are going to be used more often in this battle than have probably been previously been used. Now that the flag has been raised, again, to full staff, is there been any word or any inclination or any rumblings about when and how any strikes might begin? No, there hasn't. As you know, the President has already started sending over airplanes. And there are, as we know, two, some special operations forces already at base is close by. The thing is that he has also said that he wants to prove the case, and they will have proof, as you heard the Secretary of State today say, that they're preparing a paper for the world to see, to prove that Al -Qaeda is behind this. Now that's very important, Carmen, because the President says that they're not seeking vengeance, they're seeking justice. And in order

to give political cover here, and also to give political cover to allies abroad, especially those in the Middle Middle East, it's very important for the administration to take the time in the investigation itself, to prove that these hijackers were linked to Osama bin Laden. And I think that the part of the delay is one, getting military preparations done, and two, trying to ensure that they know where people are and that the strikes can be justified on somewhat of a legal basis. Peter, I lean touched on it, but again, how crucial is it to have this kind of evidence, especially in the Middle East? Well, actually, I'd like to ask Eileen one question since she is in Washington, and that is, I understand, in fact, I believe it was the commentary after the President's speech, was that they were moving away from calling it Operation Infinite Justice, because this was viewed as potentially blasphemous by both the Muslim community. I guess someone could say the Christian community. Is that accurate? That is accurate. In fact, they were saying that that was

an unauthorized leak of a name that they had not yet settled on, and insertions were saying that, in fact, it was because of some sensitivities that have been brought up to the White House and to the Pentagon from Muslim community and others in the region that they did believe that this was going to be changed, again, because of religious consideration. But there has been nothing official in that regard. No, there has not, but we have been told that they will be changing that name. Hi, Peter. Well, I think that's, in my view, somewhat emblematic of the problems with the rhetoric. I was pleased, actually, with the tone of caution that, as Eileen said, if you read between the lines or listen between the lines and the President's speech on Thursday, because, in fact, the rhetoric of war, I think, is inappropriate for this kind of operation. And when they point to the unusual, unconventional ways in which this will be fought, what it actually resembles, of course, is a significant action, a police operation. And if you are conducting an operation of a

police action against a horrible crime, then, of course, questions of legality and identity of the guilty parties, et cetera, become of overriding importance. The New York Times had a story in the Sunday paper today that this war was going to be very unusual. And they described all the ways in which it was an atypical war. And at the end of the article, I was asking myself the question, it is so atypical, why are we calling it a war? In that regard, let me put turn that over to our legal expert here, Dr. King Kong, who really this is not really legally a war, is it? That's right, Carmen. Only Congress can declare war, and Congress has not declared war. So, in a technical legal sense, this is not a war. Congress has authorized the president to use force, and the words of the resolution he may use necessary and appropriate force against nations, organizations, and persons who were involved in the September 11th attack, and against nations that harbor

those involved in the December 11th attack. So, I think this goes back to Professor Cedarberg's point that this is very similar to a criminal investigation and a law enforcement action, except that a lot of the rhetoric seems to indicate that there may be something more than simply finding the perpetrators of this particular act, and to going after those who may be involved in terrorism writ large, even having no particular connection to September 11th. And it's when you begin to spin out all of that, and what might be necessary and appropriate to preventing terrorism writ large, that authorization resolution that Congress passed in the wake of September 11th becomes potentially quite vast indeed. 1 -800 -360

-1799 is our number 1 -800 -360 -1799. Let's go to Bernard in Baltimore. Good evening, Bernard. Bernard, are you there? Hello, Ms. Burns. Hi, go ahead. Good evening to all your guests. I'd like to know if there, if you think there will be anything like this kind of mobilization after the terrorism problem has been addressed to address the longstanding issues of the integration and decay that has been taking place in urban centers for the last 10 to 15 years. Okay, Bernard, I think that's something that we're going to probably take up in the next hour, so the reason why I had it. Okay, okay, relate it, please. It's because it seems though to me that there has been much more damage done by issues that we've had to be grapple with for the last 10 to 15 years. I mean, here in Baltimore, we're dealing with things like 300 homicides for the last 10 years. We're dealing with things like an epidemic in AIDS, epidemic

in substance abuse. Okay, Bernard, this is something we're going to have to deal with at a separate time. I mean, because this is almost apples and oranges, and we're going to talk about that on a separate show in a different time. So I appreciate your phone call. 1 -800 -360 -1799 is our number. I mean, I want to talk a little bit more about this evidence paper, this proof that the secretary says that we will have coming this week, because everything we've seen so far has been shadowy and sort of backwards linkages and that sort of thing. And nothing really, I guess that would hold up literally, at least in my mind. And I'm not an expert, but an accordive law. Well, exactly. And that's been very difficult. You know, one of the things that's been happening here, Carmen, is that even among these hijackers, it's been very difficult to ascertain exactly who they are. They've used similar names, aliases. We've had people coming forward who said, my picture has been shown by law enforcement, and I'm alive. So it's going to be very difficult

to prove, in fact, real identifications that would hold up an accordive law. And also, again, it's a case of follow the money. The money trail will have to lead back to Assama Bin Laden. Also, they're looking at, for instance, surveillance photos around the world of where some of the suspected hijackers might have met with intelligence officials or people who were linked to other actions that had been sanctioned supposedly allegedly by Bin Laden. But again, you know, we've already had several trials. For instance, the embassy bombings trial this past year in New York City, and we've had the World Trade Center, the bombing, the trials there, in that first action. And some of the people in, you know, who were seen to be involved, the US Attorney was never able to make solid cases against them. So this is not a slam dunk for anyone, and it's a very difficult investigation, very difficult to prove the links back to Bin Laden. Certainly, a lot, though, of circumstantial evidence. Another thing, Carmen, is the more the layers they peel back, the more they see this whole network has

spread throughout the world. And this is really not, it's al -Qaeda, but it's also a lot of loose, the loose confederation of groups around the world that are seemingly linked back to al -Qaeda or fighting something on behalf of al -Qaeda. Again, that makes it more difficult to prove. Now, I've been hearing or reading that there've been somewhere 11 to 16 ,000 in this, within this network that may have been scattered throughout the world. Peter, what do you hear about that? Well, I'd like to follow up on what Eileen said about this loose network. Al -Qaeda was formed out of, it's kind of a coalition, a loose coalition of groups that existed before its existence. I mean, before Osama Bin Laden became a titular, inspirational leader for this organization, that's one of the reasons where you're going to trace a lot of lines back, I expect, and you're going to find that they end at some point, with some group, and then... But how do you trace something like that? I mean, it's like, as she said, you keep unraveling. It's like an onion that you're unpeeling forever, or you're peeling forever.

Well, I don't think that you are peeling for unpeeling forever, but of course, this has been allowed to expand, and that there are these many loosely affiliated groups in the area, and well, the latest number I heard, which has probably now been revised upward, is 54 countries in the world. And my feeling is, and I'm not a police expert, so I'm going to qualify this, but what I think actually is, is that you start out, I've been referring to this as kind of a Maoist police action. The Maoist strategy of Revolutionary War was to start from the periphery, and the last thing you do is you seize the center. And I think that's what we have to do, because in fact, that's where we're strongest, is on the periphery of this network. First, of course, in our own country, and then in the countries of our lives, and then in those countries that are associated with us, and are sympathetic to us, and then perhaps in those countries that are hostile to us, but are also hostile to the interests of some of these radical Islamic groups, like, for example, Syria, and Indian, of course, the split between the Shiite and the Sunni,

Iran. And it's a difficult global campaign. And if you want to metaphor, I would say it's a global campaign between, to defend the global political community from a serious organization of political criminals. 1 -800 -360 -1799 is our number. Barry, in Houston, good evening. Barry, hey, go ahead. Can you hear me clearly? Yeah, go ahead. Okay, first of all, I want to say to all the listens out there, be still to contribute to your local affiliate, the Caristile one. Thank you for that. Go ahead. And secondly, I'm all in favor of this war. It lasts. We need to bring down rain, rain down death and destruction. Two questions here. One, this war cannot be micro -imagined from Washington, the way it Vietnam war was. Now, I think we have any assurances that it will not be at the photos in the field are going to be allowed to carry out their duties. As your panel heard the thing about that. And two, September 11 is going to be more than just a day that

America required going to be the data in terrorism. And with the power, we wouldn't to accept millions of casualties, but that's what we're going to take to put terrorism to an end. Okay. Alright, Barry, thanks so much for your questions. Alright, I'll start with you, Peter. Well, first of all, I had don't believe that the lines of command have been thoroughly established. As Eileen pointed out, the forces, however they're going to be used are still being positioned. And I think it will take some time until they will be positioned. I will actually disagree with Barry. I believe that in fact, there must be very careful control of these operations because the one thing that we must try to avoid is wreaking a great deal of indiscriminate havoc because those countries that are most essential to us in Pakistan, Iran, Egypt, Jordan, they are all they all face threats from

these kinds of groups. And if their own people are alienated from the governments, then we will lose the support that we need to conduct this operation. So I think, in fact, we will have to have heightened control of these operations, not looser control. We can't have a lot of cowboys going around and killing indiscriminately. Neil? Well, I think an undertaking of this sort demands that we continue to have the sort of public approval that exists right now. And it's impossible to know at this point that there will continue to be public support for any action under the sun. President Bush himself put it very well in his speech the other night when he said we're in a fight for our principles and our first responsibility is to live by them. One of those principles is that it is Congress that declares war, Congress that provides military power to the president that

provides for the military that arms the military and that it is supposed to have a very important oversight role. I think in so far as what Barry meant was to be quite literal that Congress should not micromanage, that's true. But it should micromanage. It has to oversee what it is that's being done with the military and to make sure that there's continuing public support for what it is that we're doing in order for us to be true to our principles. Elaine? Well, I would agree. And I think that that's also, it's this public support that's needed is also, again, part of the reason that they want to make that legal case and show that this operation is justified. And again, too, it has to be limited in its operations. That's why you're hearing a lot of talk of special ops. Again, it's because there is a lot of instability in the region. A lot of instability within these governments and these areas. And so it's one of the things that they're very cognizant of. They don't want to wreak havoc

on innocent lives that would then perhaps tip the balance in some of those countries creating a somewhat of a domino effect. One thing I'd throw out to the panel too is that there will have to be some actions in this quote -unquote war taken at home. It's not just an offensive action as the president is talking about. It's defensive action because the reason that we've talked about this problem became so big. It's because of perhaps some bureaucratic problems within our own counterintelligence community where information was not shared, isolated between countries, perhaps, and within the U .S. government. And that's the kind of things that they're going to have to deal with. Also, internal security in the United States. And I throw that out to the panel as what loss of civil liberties will people in the United States be willing to suffer in order to protect themselves from this? Well, we were talking about sharing of information. I think wasn't there a report today in the Washington Post about the FBI knowing about these hijackers or these guys having this fight

training for years? Well, in fact, we did a story last week about that very project that the Washington Post was talking about. We spoke to and I had an interview with the presidential spokesman in the Philippines and one of the investigators and they had had a person associated with Ramzi Yosef. He's serving time right now for his role in the first world trade center bombing. He had been arrested in the Philippines and he was talked about the fact that he'd received flight training in the United States and that there were others receiving flight training. And the idea was to hijack commercial airliners and in fact fly them into U .S. landmarks and use them literally as bombs, literally the plan that you saw carried out September 11th and that's where perhaps the compartmentalization came in. The CIA says they passed that information on the FBI admits they got the information but in our own research and our own investigation while they may have made inquiries at one point

they didn't keep those inquiries up but we now see that some of the hijackers in fact went to flight schools that other people in Al -Qaeda related cases, the world trade center for the first one or the embassy bombing, went to the same flight schools in Arizona, Oklahoma and so it's somewhat questionable as to why more monitoring didn't take place. Absolutely. 1 -800 -360 -1799 is our number. Rob in South Carolina, good evening. Thanks for having me. And I have a couple of questions. One being, are we at risk right now of throwing ourselves into another cold war mentality, another McCarthyism era? And two is, how much does American policy play into this? And so what can be done to prevent further acts from other people who we may have aggravated through foreign policy in the future and I'll take my answer

off the air. Thanks so much for your call. We appreciate that. Anyone want to take that one? Peter? Well, I think that this fear of McCarthyism, of course the major difference is that it's much closer to what happened to Japanese Americans and that's the precedent I think that the questioner would make a more apt analogy in that of course people of Middle Eastern extraction and of Muslim belief feel threatened. We have had at least one student from Oman leave our university because of harassment even though the administration, the president of course called for toleration of the many Middle Eastern students who are on our campus. This is a real fear and it gets back to your earlier question of course on how much liberty are we going to give up? If we begin to fear each other then of course that's the first step

to giving up some of our civil rights or taking them away from those groups that we fear as whole groups rather than as individuals who can clearly and demonstrably be shown to constitute a threat which of course then ties into your third issue of better communications among security agencies so that we do not lose these very delicate threats that we must be constantly following back if we are going to take effective security action. Okay, we'll continue in just a moment. Stay tuned to PowerPoint. We'll be back in a moment. PowerPoint is funded in part by PowerPoint's Affiliate Station Consortium, KTSU FM in Houston, WRVSFM in Elizabeth City, North Carolina, Atlantis WRFGFM, WEAAFM in Baltimore, WJSUFM in Jackson, Mississippi, and KPVUFM serving Prairie View, Texas.

PowerPoint's Affiliate Station Consortium committed to the continuation of Quality Public Radio Programming. And welcome back to PowerPoint. I'm Carmen Burns. We're talking about

America's fight against terrorism. We want to thank correspondent Eileen O 'Connor from CNN who had joined us earlier from Washington, D .C. She had to go back to her other job and we appreciate her participation in the show tonight. But we're also joined by Dr. Peter Cedarberg, an expert on national defense and terrorism. He is the dean of the South Carolina Honors College at the University of South Carolina and here in our studio, Neil Kinkoff, Professor of Law at Georgia State University. As always, we encourage you to call in with your comments or questions or hotline numbers 1 -800 -360 -1799 -1 -800 -3600 -1799. Before the break, Robert called about and asked a question about a weird risk of a cold warm mentality or reverting back to McCarthyism and Neil, you wanted to address that also. Right. I wanted to pick up on what Professor Cedarberg was saying and I think he's quite right that the apt analogy is to the treatment of Japanese Americans during World War II. And from my lawyer's point of view,

what that episode really points out is that we can't count on the courts. During World War II, Japanese Americans on the West Coast were interned in concentration camps on the basis of nothing more than their ancestry and the Supreme Court refused to hold that unconstitutional. I think it would be foolish for people to expect the Supreme Court to step in in the context of an emergency involving national security to counteract anything that the political branches of the government are doing. And thus, it's incumbent upon all of us to recall what the framers used to say and that is that the price of freedom is eternal vigilance. It's up to us to protect our own civil liberties. And this is a moment when there is some reason for concern. Eileen before she left pointed out that there are proposals to

bring about better coordination between law enforcement agencies and those are all to the good. But the FBI is also looking upon this as an opportunity to bring back its Christmas wish list of things it would like that have nothing to do in particular with terrorism. This is opportunistic in a regard for them. In part, in part, when you see the proposal that's been submitted to Congress from the Justice Department, there are some components of it that are deeply troubling and have met already with some resistance. And I think it's important for the public to keep an eye on it and to make sure that while we're being smart about repelling any kinds of threats of terrorism that we're not giving up our own fundamental principles and liberties. Now before I get to the other callers, I think Rob also touched on a point about American policy and what it might play, what American policy might play in the future, what role it might play in the future. And if any of this is going to have to change our policy in the middle

east, Peter. Well, I think that people have been pointing out that of course we are viewed with a mixture of envy and admiration. Many middle eastern young men and women want to come to our country to study, to live, to become citizens. On the other hand, there are deep -seated feelings of resentment that go back 50 years probably, not just simply revolving around the Israeli -Palestinian conflict, that's simply a flashpoint more than a complete cause of it. And of course there is the clash between what America represents. Now the president put it in terms of freedom and that's one element of it, but it represents secularism. It represents modernity and those people who feel their basic identity rooted in a set of profound values that are anti -secular and believe that politics should be infused with the sacred. And those people exist in, of course, the Christian faith community as well, are

repulsed by elements of what America is. Now I have also, you mentioned that the Israeli -Palestinian conflict is a flashpoint. What do you mean by that? Well, certainly the United States has perceived as the major protector sponsor of Israel. And that there is a belief on the part of many people and the Palestinians in particular that although the United States tries periodically to be an honest broker, that the brokerages never even hand it, shall we say. And that we will always come down on the side of the Israelis, the Palestinians, who will always be viewed as terrorists, the Israelis will always be viewed as freedom fighters. And that fault line has existed, of course, for 50 years and continues to be a burr in any efforts of the United States to really have a significant amount of

influence over many of the regimes in the Middle East. Okay, thanks for clarifying that. 1 -800 -360 -1799 is our number. Let's go to Bob, who's been patiently waiting in Boston. Hi, Bob. Hello. Hi, go ahead. First of all, I'd like to compliment your panel actually. I think the discussion is very even -handed. I know the area pretty intimately and I think it's very important, first of all, to go after the perpetrators of the crime, not do any blanket bumming or incensed area further, because most of the countries around Afghanistan, and in fact the whole of the Middle East literally, are littered with dictators and presidents for life and people have sort of imposed themselves on the populace. And feeling it like that happened, it could threaten some of the so -called stable countries in the area such as Saudi Arabia or the Arab Emirates, even Kuwait, etc. And that is something to bear in

mind, because there are seem to be allies with the US. Having said that, I really wanted to touch upon the cause of a lot of these, and I think it's very important for greetings to happen if we want to see an end to terrorism in the long one. I mean, nothing's going to really happen in the short term. One is that the Arab -Israeli conflict has to come to an end. The Palestinians have to have their own homeland and be settled, if possible, the settlers remove from the West Bank in Gaza, so that Israeli -Palestinist, not just the flashpoint of some of the species that'd be saying, it's also a very visible area that the extremist groups can point to, and let's say recruits, young idealists, pointing to how this conflict has gone and the US rolling it. Because it's visible, you know, when Saddam or President

Iraqi people, it's an Iraqi against Iraqi. In Israel and Palestine, it's not more visible than other Arab countries. Having said that, I think the US policy also has to be a lot more balanced. It cannot be that Iraqi -based Kuwait and 500 ,000 people are masked and they attack and rightly so liberate Kuwait. But Israel attacks and occupies parts of three other countries around it since 1967, and it's rewarded by $34 billion dollars from AIDS every year from the US, from the taxpayers' money. So I think that's the balance issue that really has to come to four in the future if we want to put a stop to this because that's another reason why these groups can actually recruit. And I think the third, and this is an important one, just as the others are, is to, I mean, this really scares me actually because there seem to be taking the reins of the CIA and they have a terrible record of going around recruiting the wrong people, training the wrong people, and really

messing up the world. I mean, what they've done in Afghanistan should be a lesson for everybody to learn. They set up people like bin Laden and the Taliban. They actually got them to recruit all of that out of the world. Okay, Bob, so what do you think needs to be done then in that regard when you talk about you? I need you to bring your third point home for me. So I didn't want to take so much time as well, but I really think that the CIA needs to complete the overhaul. That is not the way an agent should be run. And the FBI as well. I mean, if something of this scale, they should have got some clear level what's happening. They should have stopped it in its track. And it's a shame. And they've done a terrible job in Afghanistan. They've kicked the Russians out, but they could have done a much better way than recruiting people from 20 different countries and sending it there and basically trained them to become terrorists and then let them lose some other countries. A lot of things that happen in Algeria, in Egypt, in Morocco, in Tunisia, as well as in Saudi Arabia that we're hearing of them,

because in the US it's because of what is done by the CIA. Okay, listen, Bob, you made your points and they were very, very interesting and I appreciate your phone call. Peter or Neil, do you want to comment on any of those? Well, I think that one of the things that he was pointing out, the Bob was pointing out, is the problem of unintended consequences in all of this. The Taliban originated and if you look back at the situation, the Pakistan faced in the mid 1990s, you can see why they did what they did. And they largely supported and encouraged and reinforced the Taliban to try to stabilize Afghanistan in tens of thousands, hundreds of thousands of Afghans were fleeing the civil war that occurred after the Russians were driven out. The Taliban with their message of fundamentalist civic virtue, I guess you could call it, looked like the best bet to Pakistan to stabilize the area that was enormously destabilizing for them. And they were largely responsible for the Taliban defeating the other rival forces in Afghanistan and are nearly

defeating them all. And of course, now we have the Taliban and Osama bin Laden. That's a lesson that we need to remember when we start flailing about or why we should not start flailing about. And that's why I'm very disturbed by the rhetoric that if you're not with us, you're against us. What I've been saying is that we should be saying, if you're not against us, you're with us. Because if we try to polarize this conflict, we will push a lot of potential cooperating allies into opposition. And we also need to remember that, for example, one of the major rival regimes to the Taliban are the Iranians. And I think the government has recognized that. And they're beginning to deal with that conundrum of, well, we've been condemning Iran as a terrorist regime for many years. There's a state -supported terrorism as they probably have done. But now they are a potential ally in this particular fight.

Are we finding out more than, I mean, are we really finding out more than we ever knew about this? Or is it that we knew it and there were political agendas behind some of these, you know, the support or the non -support of Iran or in the Taliban or the Mujahideen or and all of that? I mean, it's just, it seems like we're finding out these things hindsight after the fact that the Taliban is not everything that we thought it was going to be, that Iran is not everything that we thought it was going to be. Well, that's a good question. And I think, of course, unfortunately, we learn most things in hindsight. And if we are wise, we use what we learn in hindsight from bitter experience as cautionary notes before we blunder on and commit similar kinds of miscalculations in the future. But no doubt, there are going to be more unpleasant surprises. My greatest fear is that these unpleasant surprises will be that even if we are successful in capturing Osama bin Laden, that all we will have done is multiply our threat

rather than divide it and subtract it. And it's that unintended consequence that drives my greatest concern about our response. Our number is 1 -800 -360 -1799 -1 -800 -360 -1799. Wilbert and Mississippi, good evening and thanks for holding. Wilbert, go ahead. Yeah, excuse me. Thank you for taking my call. I just wanted to know by the chance that we leaving our back door open to other countries that are against us, take instance of Cuba, our next door neighbors, any other countries that's going to possible form a counter attack just in case we prepare for any attack on our country. Hmm, okay. Peter and Neil, what do you think? Are we leaving our, you know, checking the front and not checking the back at the same time? Are we putting this Cuba pretty much under control?

Well, again, that's an interesting question. I don't think we have to worry a great deal about Cuba per se, but the general problem he points to, and this gets back to the point about, you know, learning things after the fact, I suspect, and this is not the sort of thing that I like to discuss in public, but I suspect that the next attack on America or the next attempted attack on America will not look like the one we just experienced. And in that sense, I think the question are raised an important issue that if we focus all of our attention, it's a little bit like putting the old cliche about all your eggs and one security basket, we may actually be opening the door to some other form of attack. On the other hand, I would like to think more optimistically that as we enhance our own internal security, our homeland defense, whatever you want to call it, that that will help us anticipate the unanticipated attacks. Our number is 1

-800 -360 -1799 -1800 -3601799, Gary and South Carolina. Good evening. Gary, hi, go ahead. My question is, I'd like to keep it a little closer to home and visit some recent events, namely the Ruby Ridge event and also Waco, and which basically precipitated perhaps or created the bombing, unfortunate bombing in Oklahoma. In all three of those incidences, it was very apparent after the fact that our law enforcement agencies, which we hold near and dear and almost infallible, were fined to be quite lacking to the extent that Janet Reno had to call them on the carpet. So my question to your panel is, no matter what sort of

evidence is gathered and what kind of conclusions are come to, can the American people and more importantly, the international community believe us to the point that they're willing to support a situation internationally. It's quite doubtful that we even can handle within our own borders. Thank you. Okay, thanks for your call, Neil. Right. I think the caller raises an interesting point and I think you're right. No one should accept the statement of the U .S. government simply because the FBI says it's so. But I don't imagine we're going to hear that kind of a statement. I would suspect that what we'll hear is a statement supported by evidence. And if the evidence is powerful, then so is the statement. And if the evidence is flimsy, well, people will draw that conclusion as well. I think you're also right to point out the history of troubles with the FBI

and also with the CIA. And as we start thinking about, well, what measures can we take? What powers can we give to law enforcement that will prevent any kind of problem we might hypothesize occurring in the future? We have to remember what law enforcement agencies we'd be giving those powers to. And the current existing restrictions on law enforcement have been referred to various bureaucratic restrictions. Exist for reasons. The FBI and the CIA, their powers were abused and abused terribly right coming to a head in the water gate crisis. And it was after that that all sorts of checks were put on the vast powers of law enforcement. And it's important that we not lose those lessons as we try to learn the lessons from September 11. We'll be back with more of PowerPoint in just a moment. Take a moment and give us a call. 1 -800 -360 -1799 -1 -800

-360 -1799. Or you can catch us on the internet at websites wclk .com and why -y .org. There's more PowerPoint in just a moment.

And welcome back to PowerPoint. I'm Carmen Burns. We're talking about America's fight against terrorism. And we are joined by Dr. Peter Cedarberg, expert on national defense and terrorism. He is the dean of the South Carolina Honors College at the University of South Carolina. And here in our studio, Neil Kinkoff, professor of law at Georgia State University, our numbers 1 -800 -360 -1799 -1 -800 -360 -1799. I have a full bank of calls and I'd like to get to all of them before we end this hour. Sal and Boston, good evening. Sal, I'm going to put you on hold and see if we can clear up the interference right now. Just stay with me and we'll get right back to you. Alfonso and Atlanta, good evening. Hello. Can you hear me? Yes, go ahead. Okay. First of all, to all the wonderful panelists and all the scholarly callers, I'm sure they all want to get in on this. My congrats to all of

you. But can someone comment on the CIA character list that they sort of talked about that they had for the FAA and you know, maybe my report is wrong, I don't know, but I thought that they had a hey, gave a two -week notice of a character list or something like that that they had submitted. I was I would a character list, you mean a character list of people that they were seeking or under investigating? Well, that they had sort of kind of presented to the FAA and I guess it was a call, if you see them around or something, it may be something special, I don't know, but all I'd heard was that it was like a two -week notice that they gave to the FAA. It was concerning a character list of people. Was it prior to the attack? I'm sorry. Yeah, yeah, yeah. And the other thing I want to hurry up and get in is

tell me, if anyone have this answer, I don't care. What does this do or what is happening when you have a thriving town, you know, that it's absolutely now shut down on the weekends on one of their busiest nights of the whole weekend. You know, tell me, if anyone can comment on that, you know, I thrive in town, I'm speaking about. And now that absolutely two weeks into it, how about that? Okay, all right, thanks so much for your call. The character list, I guess, you know, it's like I guess it's like a most wanted list and I guess we get it gets back again to what I lean in everyone we were talking about earlier, is that exchange of information and how things kind of seem to fall through the cracks, so to speak. Well, I guess there are two types of character lists. One is sort of your stereotypical FBI 10 most wanted. And, you know, that information is shared not only among agencies, but with the public and it's just a matter of whether someone

sees the picture and recognizes the individual. There's a second sort of character list that's not specific to individuals, but rather is sort of general traits of someone who might commit a crime or fit a profile. One of the real concerns that those kinds of lists create relates to racial profiling. And this is something the country has been grappling with and has been widely condemned, although now in the current context seems to be getting legs and may come back. It's something that on the basis of constitutional principle, we're fundamentally opposed to to detaining someone, to questioning someone solely on the basis of his or her race. And yet this is a tactic that is widely discussed as something people want. Peter? Well, I think I'd agree with Neil and it gets back to a question that I don't think we've completely

exhausted and do not have the time. And that is how many liberties are we willing to give up in this kind of character profiling, racial profiling, ethnic profiling that is, as he said, regaining its legs is certainly one major area that on one hand there appears to be the security rationale. On the other hand, it is repugnant to our Constitution. Now, the thing about that I've read about this terrorist network and the people who have been involved in it is they go to great lengths to fit in, so to speak. And, you know, and so I mean, isn't it conceivable that they could go to even further lengths to blend into a society and not fit the so -called, quote, profile that everyone seems to be now targeting? Sure. I mean, that's one of the real problems with profiling is that there's no evidence whatsoever that it's at all effective. So if we're going to give up civil liberties and compromise fundamental principles, we ought first to be quite sure that it's going to do something for us.

There's no evidence that profiling does. And some of the others that have been suggested if we want to allow greater coordination between the CIA and the FBI, for example, which at that level of generality sounds fine and practical effect actually raises a lot of real concerns. We ought to have some basis for thinking that would help. In fact, the lack of coordination that we've heard about had nothing to do with existing bureaucratic procedures. The CIA shared its information with the FBI. The FBI didn't follow through on it very effectively. That's not a problem of law or bureaucratic procedure. That's a problem of follow through by people in the FBI and actual commitment to following up on the information we have. Do we have Sal back now? Sal. In Boston, do we still have him? No, okay, Sal, I'm so sorry. Let's go to Mitchell in Baltimore. Mitchell, good evening. Hello, that's Michelle.

Oh, Michelle, that gave me bad information. Go ahead, Michelle. I always do that. But what I wanted to say and a lot of things happened while I was waiting in the bottom line is we're being real sophisticated about this. Now, I believe that we know exactly who hit those buildings. That the government already knows what it wouldn't send anybody out. And we're sitting around talking about races and dotted out of that. And really, in reality, they struck out home. This is our home. You have now African American fans. I'm an American. You have, you know, everybody's in America now. You know, we're standing together. So, how are we going to just have somebody come up into our house and tear up the way they did and not

retaliate? Now, if we were going to go the complete opposite way, we could say, we'll go the teachings of our religious fathers and that is Tonya other cheek, basically. You know, we were going to Tonya other cheek over on the cake, but you know, and I had it to say better, but that's the bottom line. All this rhetoric called Kit Chat about a lot of nothing, a lot of people died and somebody should pay. That appears to be the bottom line, Michelle. Listen, thanks so much for your phone call. I only have a few moments left. I want to wrap this up. Peter, any final words? Well, I think I'll respond very quickly to Michelle and that is we must respond, but we must respond in a way that does not make the situation worse because we are dealing with people who use terror. And by that,

I mean they direct their hire at civilians, more innocent lives that they lost. And this is a very terrible struggle. And this may be one reason why it doesn't fit the conventional war. I fear that this struggle will involve many more civilian deaths than military ones. And it's those deaths that we must struggle to minimize. Okay, I've got to let that be the last word. Neil, thanks so much for being with us. Peter, thanks again for being with us. I'm sure we'll talk to you very, very soon. Thanks to all of our callers who were on hold. I'm so sorry we couldn't get to you this time. Coming up next on PowerPoint, can terrorist attacks strengthen America's own woes? Call our hotline 1 -800 -360 -1799. You're listening to PowerPoint. Healthcare reporting on PowerPoint is funded by the National Speaking of Women's Health Foundation, educating women to make personal decisions about personal healthcare and well -being on the web at speakingofwomen'shealth .com. PowerPoint is funded in part by the Corporation for Public

Broadcasting and the National Legacy Foundation. This is PowerPoint, a production of WCLK FM, a broadcast service of Clark Atlanta University. Production and Broadcast of PowerPoint is made possible by a grant from the Corporation for Public Broadcasting and by the National Legacy Foundation, a non -profit organization committed to enhancing

preserving and restoring the legacy and history of life in America. This is PowerPoint, an Information Age clearinghouse for news, issues, and ideas that impact the African -American community, the nation, and the world. Good evening and welcome to PowerPoint, Broadcasting live from Atlanta, Georgia. I'm Carmen Burns. It's been 12 days since the tragedy that struck America. The country responded immediately with a courage that is the signature of the American people. Whether it's a natural disaster or terrorist act, America exhibits an astounding resolve to overcome adversity as one by one shoulder to shoulder this nation pulls together. Yet this country continues a division of race, religion, politics, finance, and education. We'll talk about the aftermath, the healing of America as PowerPoint examines this journey toward unity. But first we head to the PowerPoint

newsroom with Fonda Smith and a recap of this week's news. With news and information to empower the community, this is PowerPoint. Good evening, I'm Fonda Smith. From sports on the court to aid on the ground, the sports world continues to dig into its pockets day, the victims of last week's terrorist attacks. The NBA Players Association said it will donate $2 million to several charitable organizations that are aiding in relief efforts. The NBA said it made an undisclosed donation to aid victims and rescue workers. Several other sports organizations made donations on Wednesday, Major League Baseball, and its Players Union donated $5 million each. The NHL Players Association has donated $500 ,000 and the U .S. Tennis Association will give $1 million to relief efforts. Some University of California Berkeley students are taking a unified stand against anti -Arab

sentiment in our nation and in -campus newspapers. Students representing the Muslim Arab, Sikh, and Afghani student associations, the Student for Justice, in Palestine, the Black Student Union, and the stop the war coalition spent Wednesday night in the UC Berkeley campus newspaper office this week in protest of an editorial cartoon deem racist by many. The cartoon featured in Tuesday's edition of the Daily California, depicts two men representing Muslim Arab, sitting in a demon's hand and claiming to be rewarded with virgins by Awa for carrying out the World Trade Center attacks. The newspaper is refusing to issue an apology, saying the cartoon falls under the realm of free expression. A new monument is unveiled in Columbia, South Carolina. It offers recognition and remembrance for all African Americans. On a state house lawn filled with reminders of South Carolina's Confederate pass, the nation's first monument dedicated to African American history on state capital grounds was unveiled Thursday. Rain forced the ceremony inside the state house in

hundreds of students and residents from across the state pack the Rotunda and snaked up the stairs to hear songs, poems, and prayers. This represents the true story, the story of achievement in the face of impedement since Senator Glenn McConnell chairman of the Monument Commission. Governor Jim Hodges said the monument represents the second tribute to black history in the state as the blue granite stones of the state house were quarried by slaves. The state house itself is the first African American history monument. Hodges said it's a silent tribute to contributions of African Americans that have gone largely unrecognized until this monument was established. The one million dollar monument features a depiction of a slave ship's cram cargo hold and a map of Africa. A 13 -ton 23 -foot pedestal is lined with 12 bronze panels illustrating 300 years of history. It features the likeness of former state chief Justice Ernest Finney, jazz player Dizzy Gillespie, and tennis star Altheic Yipson. Attacked in reaping the world win, this report from journalist George E. Curry in Benjamin Todd jealous with African American national news.

A prominent African American lawyer who recently represented an Islamic former terrorist says the United States arrogance has caused the nation to be hated by many people around the world. Hatred that could lead to more violent incidents like those that shocked the nation September the 11th. We as Americans know that these people, these groups hate us and we are so arrogant that we don't even worry why. States David Ball, a criminal lawyer who once represented convicted terrorist Muhammad al -Wali in connection with bombing of the U .S. embassies in Africa. We just assume that they are crazy and we don't even spend one minute wondering why they hate us. Representative Eddie Bernice Johnson, chairwoman of the Congressional Black Caucus, says she observed anti -American sentiment at the recently concluded international conference in Durban South Africa. At the World Conference against racism the nations were quite angry with the U .S. jury counts. We've got to address some issues that apparently we have not addressed and we've got to do so openly and with honesty. Attorney Ball says Ben Layden's group al -Qaeda

does not try to hide its contempt for the United States. Many have wondered about what the fallout would be if terrorists trying to use chemical warfare against us in this new war on terrorism. The Atlanta -based Centers for Disease Control is on heightened security in the wake of the September 11th terrorist attacks. The CDC is one of only eight institutions in the world to have what is termed by a safety level four which is the highest level of containment. The facility houses some of the world's most dangerous germs. Fortunately the micro -obstoried at the Atlanta agency would not live long in the open air. Anything that would destroy the building would also destroy the viruses. Security tightening at the CDC began in 1996 when Atlanta hosted the Summer Olympic Games. Among the changes were tighter restrictions on cars, people and packages coming in and out of the complex. That is the news on PowerPoint this evening. I'm Fallon The voices of the American people have been both loud

and silent as contemplation of recent events and future action still linger in the air. Those that were personally affected by loss of loved ones still cry out in the night. But what are those who live in the south, the heartland or the great Pacific Northwest? There is rage among some Americans for the desecration of their homeland. As a result, the safety of those who don't look like us have been put in jeopardy. Can Americans come together in peace and forge an understanding of unity regardless of personal beliefs and cultural differences? On this edition of PowerPoint, we examine the healing of America. Joining PowerPoint by phone, Dr. Raymond Wimbush, Director of the Race Relations Institute at Fisk University, Dr. Gary Weaver, Chairman of the Advisory Board of the Intercultural Management Institute at American University, and in our PowerPoint studio, one of the pioneers of the Civil Rights Movement, Reverend Dr. Joseph Lowry from the Coalition for the People's Agenda. As always, we encourage all of you to phone in with your questions or comments. Our PowerPoint hotline number is

1 -800 -360 -1799. That's 1 -800 -360 -1799. Good evening, gentlemen. Thanks so much for being with us. How you doing? All right, life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness seem to be attacked constantly around this country. Do you think some Americans take freedom so lightly that they can't allow those who look differently to live in peace? I'll start with you, Dr. Wimbush. Well, you know, I recently attended, you know, the World Conference against Race and Adurban, and when I was coming back, literally coming from the airport, and this was after the attack on the World Trade Center, a white guy was waving frantically in the car next to me, and I rolled down my window. I thought he was asking for directions, and he asked me where my American flag was, and I rolled the window back up. I think that, you know, Africans in America are in

a double bind about a lot of the events that transpired over the past few weeks, and I'm including the World Conference against racism that some, you know, I'm disturbed by the fact that we're hearing discussions now about maybe racial profiling is not bad, or in the suspension of a lot of civil liberties, I'm sure we'll discuss them this show, so I'm concerned about a lot of issues right now. Dr. Weaver? I think it's quite possible that there are those who are going to ask for suspension of civil liberties, and I hope that doesn't happen. As a matter of fact, I live up in Washington, D .C., and I've seen a little bit of the opposite occur. I've asked some of my students who were traditional Arab dress if you had any problems, and no one has said they've had any problems. In fact, just the opposite that people at least in Washington have gone out of their way to ask, are you doing okay as anybody been bothering you, and so forth? And so at least here in Washington, I've seen a little bit of the opposite a tremendous concern

that the civil liberties at least of Arab Americans are not going to be violated. Now, I don't think that's true across the country, but right now I'm a little bit surprised at the fact that people are going out of their way to be sure that we all realize that we're in this together. Dr. Larry? Well, I share reviews expressed by previous speakers on the issue of flag and patriotism and African Americans. I think we have to leap over that wall of split personality on Asia. I think you can be patriotic and still challenge America to be what she ought to be and what she claims she is. And in fact, I think African Americans are probably the truest patriots this country has ever had in that we were willing to give up our lives to make her better. And it wouldn't burn, baby, burn. It was, you know, learn, baby, learn. So

we can earn, baby, and we challenge America to straighten up and fly right. And I'll remember in the first, I think it was a 20, 20th anniversary of the march. I want you know, the 25th, I forgot, as I get older, I remember it's a little weak, but in, and we said that the theme of this march will be we still have a dream. That is, even though America hadn't made the check good, and Martin talked about in 63, we still believe that America, America could, if it would, and that one day it might, we kept fame of hope burning, full fillet promise. And so I think we can, we are true patriots, and that I think loving the country does not mean you smug of the country. You, you, you, like some mothers do to our children, indulge in them in their weaknesses rather than taking care of business and challenging them and discipline them. We, we challenge the country to straighten up and fly right, or you can be, I think that's the highest

form of patriotism. 1 -800 -360 -1799 is our number, 1 -800 -360 -1799. James in Virginia, good evening. James, are you there? Yes, I'm here. Okay, go ahead. Well, I'm an African -American, I was, I was on the discharge service, I went in service when they were just integrating and I caught a lot of, a lot of hell to be honest with you, but it worked out pretty good. I could take care of myself, but I think Dr. Lawrence said the very true, true thing is now we are probably the trueest pages that, that America has because when you see people blowing up bills and doing all the little things like that, you, you never had a, a, a, a black doing things like that. I would say whatever we have, the, the, people in the East have one thing that we can't match. And you know what

that is? That is, whoever he was, better not know whoever he was, they were able to, to, they were able to make 19 people commit suicide. And if we tried to do that, we couldn't match it. Whatever they have, we'd like to get some of that. Well, I don't know if we don't want anything on that. You mean the, the following the, the unity, but it takes, it takes some doing to get people to commit suicide. Okay. James, listen, thanks so much for your call. I appreciate your comment on that. Okay. Maurice in Baltimore. Good evening. Hello, Maurice. Hello. Hi. Go ahead. Okay. Um, I was just, I was just calling because I noticed the, the level of violence towards, um, Arab nationals, people of the Middle East and descent, even Indians, people who are not from the Middle

East. Mm -hmm. And I'm wondering since the, since America is calling for other countries to support us in our efforts against terrorism, what's, what's going to be to fall out when, and I'm pretty sure that at some point it's going to have to happen. They either bomb or raid a mosque with people praying in it in order to get, um, the person that they say as a terrorist. Mm -hmm. Because it, it, it's almost, you think that's ultimate that that's going to, that that just may be a consequence of something. It's almost, it's almost inevitable that it's going to happen because they can't, they can't say well, we're looking for terrorism and just exclude masks as a place that because they're a sacred area. We can't go there. Okay. I'm pretty sure that we'll have now that support that we thought we had now is gone. So that puts us in a position where we really are, you know, us against the world. Okay, Maurice. Thanks

for your call and your question. I'll let, um, one of our panelists take a stab at that one. Well, you know, it's really fascinating that after the bombing of the Murafel federal building in Oklahoma city, we didn't use the term, and for the initial reactions that we just knew these were outside, so -called Islamic extremists. Mm -hmm. That was the knee jerk reaction. That was the initial reaction. Absolutely. And then when we did find out, I remember Tom Brokaw's famous word, is one of ours. Well, I said it was one of theirs. And we never used the term after that Christian terrorist. Mm -hmm. And we never started rounding up white males and killing white males who had been very much like Timothy or look like Timothy McVeigh. So it shows that this almost racial schizophrenia that we have in this country, that we have it where we feel is an identifiable, um, enemy, which is anyone of Middle Eastern descent, and like the brother that it just called, I fully expect that regardless of, you know, bush talking

about it, there is the, there has been violence against people of Middle Eastern descent. A Sikh was killed who was a Christian and anyone who looks like this, and we did not operate the same way after the bombing of the building in Oklahoma City. Well, you know, we've always been in denial about domestic terrorism. We tend to associate terrorism with an international kind of an international context, but bombing a church when little children are in Sunday school, who is an act of terror. Linching was terrorism, domestic terrorism, and we've got to stop being in denial. And I hope, I think a real challenge to America now is, is how we react to this despicable act. Make no mistake about this. It's a despicable, insane act. And I hope to real America, and that real America, that real America claims to be the reality,

will stand up. And that we will, of course, seek to identify and to have these people held accountable, but that we will not use the same means of doing it. We will not kill innocent people doing it so that that makes us just like the people who have attacked us. And I hope that America's reality is expressed now in the firefighters and in who are digging through the rubble and the police officers and people who've come together in Yankee Stadium and at different places around a sense of real unity where Hindus and Muslims and Christians and Jews are all coming together black and white, rich and poor. We ought to see in this kind of response how America ought to be and use that approach to addressing this great problem of international terrorism. 1 -800 -360 -1799

is our number. Dr. Weaver, did you want to comment on that as well? Well, I agree with everything that's been said. I think you have to take into account the scale of this event, maybe six, seven thousand innocent people, civilians killed, orphans, women, children and so forth. It's absolutely mind -boggling. And I think given this kind of scale, there is the possibility for the U .S. to actually come together. I mean, we have come together at other times in our history. And the question is, once the immediate event is over with, can we maintain that kind of togetherness? Can we practice what we preach? I agree with Reverend Lowry. Often a virtue isn't a virtue until it's tested. And if we claim that we're a nation of many different people where we do come together for the common good, can we actually do it this time? And can we also not catch the very disease we're fighting? That is not become terrorists ourselves. 1 -800 -360 -1799 is our PowerPoint hotline number?

Surely in Mississippi. Good evening. Hi, thanks for holding, Shirley. Yes. I would agree with Reverend Dr. Lowry that America is in denial, relative to it's dealing with racism. And in that regard, I think that some of the animus that perhaps prompted this heinous assault on our nation had to do with the fact that America snubbed its nose at the anti -racism conference in Durban, South Africa. America cannot heal until it repents. That's was in South Africa under apartheid. And

even they had a reconciliation conference after Mandela was released from prison. But America has never come to the point that it has admitted its racist acts. Well, I should say it's continuing the continuing vestiges of racism that were left by slavery. So, Shirley, let me ask you this. What do you think is going to take for America to heal in this regard? Well, I think that America has to first be concerned about justice rather than vengeance. What I'm seeing now is on the part of the military establishment as well as the administration of our country. First of all, there was a rush to judgment about who was the perpetrator. And secondly, that there seems to be more and emphasis on vengeance

rather than justice, speaking out the perpetrator or perpetrator. So justice rather than vengeance is your answer. Okay, thanks so much for your phone call. 1 -800 -360 -1799 is the number. J .C. in South Carolina. Good evening. J .C. Thank you for thanking my call, particularly after that last call. I'm going to be a dissenting opinion. I'd like to hear the guests on the show explain to me how given the fact that many of the hijackers that many of the people that hijacked those claims had assimilated among us, were living among us, and were thought to be the same peaceful people that we claim 99 percent of the Arab population to be, turns out they're living by a manual that we've now found. You could call it Terrorism 101 in how to assimilate in America. How do you expect the natural human emotion of being

somewhat frightened by those who appear to be Arabic and in descent? How do you expect people not to have that very natural emotion and what do you do about it? I want to say one other thing and I'll let you guys have it before and I'll hang it up. The people who perpetrated this upon us, America had no role. America is at no fault for what happened there. The fact that we didn't attend the racism conference had nothing to do with these people's motivation. These people's motivation is based on a fundamentalist extreme view of their religion, which says that they, as practitioners of Islam, are to convert those who don't practice Islam one way or the other.

Okay, thanks so much for your call. J .C. I'll turn it over to the floor on that one, Dr. Larry. Well, you know, it's interesting that I think about another book, a manual that fell out in Oklahoma City used. I was in Oklahoma City Friday. We'd go to Friday after the Tuesday. I flew out there. My wife didn't want me to go, but I don't fly alone. I take the Lord with me, so I didn't worry about it. I had to speak to a group of preachers who come from across the state to fight kind of oppressive law, call right to work, they're trying to pass out there, and I went. But I, and I went by for the first time to building in Oklahoma, the federal building that had been bombed. And I, it just all the way back, I thought how sad it was. These people have been killed. And the fellow who, who, who did it right in life, he had a manual taken from the

United States foreign policy and his defense policy. It's arguments about how it approaches its enemies and so forth and so on. And, and, and, and, and he's the Christian, I think, you see what's the Christian. I know the Ku Klux Klan used to cross as its symbol of persecution and so forth. So nobody condemns Christianity. These are people who are perverting Christianity. In Islam, as Muhammad Ali said, the Islam for peace. It, it, it, it even objects to suicide. So, so we're, they are perverting Islam. And while I, he may be right, the Durban conference may, it, it was too recent. These people have been, they have learned how to be pilots for at least two years. And, and I heard that they say, they didn't want to know how to start the plane, no landed. They just want to know how to steer it once it got up. They've been planning this for a long time. But they are perverting Islam. And they are, they represent a, a very fundamentalist group of, in,

in, within the context of Islam that, that are denounced by the, by the regular leadership in that communion. So, I don't think, you know, we didn't go around looking for white folk, you know, that look like they might read a manual in Obama building at the Ku Klux KK, they would just, they look just like us. And the fact of these people, some of them are identified, as a matter of fact, I saw that they, they beat up in African. Very, very black man. I forgot where he was from now. But, but so, anybody that doesn't look like them is suspicious. And that's a very sick way of approaching human relationships and trying to deal with the problem. We have a great opportunity now to show what we are, who we are, in terms of how we respond, how we seek out the guilt of people and bring them to trial and do it in the context of the community of nations, do it within the context of law and order,

which we hold so highly in this country. I hope we'll take advantage of it and, and do it in that passion. You know, one of the tragedies is that, you know, history is our best teacher. In 1941, we started rounding up Japanese as well. And it's amazing to do in that same period that we didn't want, like, round up Germans during that time because they looked like Americans. And I think what I heard in the call of his voice is how do you get beyond the bias that a lot of Americans, not all of Americans, and hopefully not the majority Americans have towards people who are dark here and have darker skin. We just simply have to deal with the issue of racism. One other thing I want to inject real quickly. At the World Congress, we were in South Africa a couple of weeks ago. The fact of the matter is that the world separates the American people from the American government. They're very good at that. You know, and what they did in this attack is attack

the American people as well as the American government. But I think that we totally depoliticized the we were not asking questions. Why did these people do this? What are their motivations for doing this? Okay, Dr. Wimbush, we're going to continue that discussion. I've got to take a break right here. PowerPoint will return on a moment. Call in with your question or comment. 1 -800 -360 -1799. We're back in a moment. PowerPoint is funded in part by PowerPoint's Affiliate Station Consortium, KTSU -FM in Houston, WRVSFM in Elizabeth City, North Carolina, Atlantis WRFGFM, WEAAFM in Baltimore, WJSUFM in Jackson, Mississippi, and KPVUFM serving Prairie View, Texas. PowerPoint's Affiliate Station Consortium committed to the continuation of quality public radio programming. And welcome back to PowerPoint.

I'm Carmen Burns. We're talking about the healing of America. We are joined by phone by Dr. Raymond Wimbush, Director of the Race Relations Institute at Fisk University. Dr. Gary Weaver, Chairman, the Advisory Board of the Intercultural Management Institute at American University. And here in our studios, we're pleased to be joined by one of the pioneers of the Civil Rights Movement, the Reverend Dr. Joseph Lowry, the President Emeritus of SCLC, and the Chairman of the Black Leadership Forum. As always, you are always encouraged to phone in with your question or comment. Our number is 1 -800 -360 -1799. That's 1 -800 -360 -1799. Dr. Wimbush, I think I kind of interrupt you there as we were going to a break. Did you complete your thought? Yeah, I mean, you know, I'm just saying that again, I think that we have to discuss why, you know, what is the motivation? And I think that people are very concerned about the issue of Palestine and Israel and American, you know, government's treatment

towards the Palestinian and total endorsement of the Israeli policy towards the Palestinians. And I think that issue is a very difficult subject to talk about, but I think it has to be breached. Can I make a comment? Yes, please, Dr. Weaver. A couple of things. First of all, it was said that we should learn from our past from history and I agree 100%. It's not just what we did to the Japanese in California, but the fact we dropped in atomic bomb in Hiroshima and Nagasaki, which, you know, talked about a terrorist act and raises all kinds of significant questions. The motivation issue, I think, is important and I lived in the Middle East and know a little bit about Islam. And when we use words like crusades and cowards and smoke them out and want to dead or alive, we make them into enemies that are less than human and even crazy and you can't negotiate, you can't compromise with crazy people who are threatening

your life. And I agree we have a tremendous opportunity here to understand what motivates this kind of behavior, not excusing it, but to look at some of the underlying causes. On the other hand, the tricky conversation we're having here is we still have to empathize with those who are hurt. You know, if somebody rapes my wife and kills her, I can explain that they were abused as a child and I can explain what motivated it. It nevertheless still hurts that my wife was killed and raped. And so we also have to have empathy with the thousands of victims of what's occurred. No question, and we have to hold, we hold those people accountable. I mean, I'll concern with America's imbalance in foreign policy and the sickness that pervades many of the minds that have pervaded the Islamic perspective, where does not stop us from wanting to bring to accountability. Those who have performed the stash of the deed,

it's just how we go about it that I think is so important and critical for our future. Let's go to Eric in Baltimore. Good evening, Eric. Hello, Eric, are you there? Good evening, sister Carmen. Yes, go ahead. And good evening to your fine panel. I do have empathy for the thousands of victims. That's why the local Baltimore chapter of the National Action Network and WAA, the local affiliate here, sponsored a drive to take supplies to the rescue workers yesterday in New York. And after we did that, we visited ground zero. So we felt the enormity of the man's inhumanity, the man in that situation. But when you find out that over 78 ,000 Islamic Americans, Muslim Americans or Arabic Americans

have been detained just because of their ethnicity that tells you that we're very short on vision in how to solve problems. If you're just going to use race or ethnicity as the barometer, then thousands of white people should have been rounded up when Timothy McVeigh and his cohorts bombed the Federal Marrow Building in Oklahoma. But what happened was they made their scope even narrower. So they didn't round up more white people than just McVeigh and his other cohort. And they let the brother go of McVeigh's cohort. So when it comes to white people, the scope is narrowed. But when it comes to others, there's a very wide net and all constitutional guarantees. Well, Eric, let me ask you this. In this regard, though, we're dealing with with the situation that we're still not totally familiar

with. I mean, how much do we know about this terrorist network that we are, we don't know who's who in a lot of instances. I mean, they're rounding up. At last, I heard there were 300 that were detained being questioned. But this is something that, you know, at least in as far as what I know of what I'm being told, but through the media, we don't really know that much about. Let's see the problem is, common is when you say, give me your tarage, your poor, your huddled masses. And then when they come, and there's a problem, the huddled masses are treated differently than the larger community of America. And you just can't be shortsighted and say, your skin is different, and I can recognize you that way. Or your ethnicity is different, and I can recognize you that way. Why don't they use that same vigor and fervor when they attack and terrorist groups like the Ku Klux Klan or the so -called Turner Diary Loving militia like Timothy McVeigh? What happens is, it's the reverse. The scope

is narrowed. So the same should apply in this instance. But how are you going to narrow the scope on something like this? I mean, you don't know necessarily who you're dealing with. Well, with 30 billion dollars that was allotted for espionage through our NSA, FBI, and CIA seems to me we should do a better job of having people on the ground. As a matter of fact, this incident could have been averted if our intelligence people had gotten their act. Well, yeah, there's no doubt about that. We definitely covered that in the last hour. Because we've been told to them that this was going to happen, but they couldn't track the people down fast enough. Okay, Eric, I got to let you go like that. Thanks so much for your call. Okay, Dr. Weaver, Dr. Windbush, Dr. Lara, either of you care to comment? First of all, I don't know what the caller meant by 78 ,000 detained unless he was talking metaphorically. Certainly, there have been a couple hundred, I think, but I've never heard a figure quite that big,

but I agree with his sentiments. I think he's absolutely correct. And work it's tricky as when we begin to accept the reality that there are Arabs who don't look like Arabs. They're blonde, blue -eyed Arabs. Right. So that gets really tricky. I mean, it then becomes strictly an issue of right. There's no doubt about it. 1 -800 -360 -1799 is our number, Daryl and Baltimore. Good evening. Hello. Hey, Daryl, go ahead. Hey, how you doing? I'm last caller with Excellent. He made excellent points. I almost took the words right out of my mouth. Basically, it was a headiest crime. My prayers go out to the family and all, but I really also believed that a lot of times when I used I'm a black young man. When I used to go like take trips over to Jamaica or whatever, I was sure you typed a lot of times. And a lot of racist things went on when I was just trying to get over to Jamaica. Now, I'm saying, doing this take over far as the hijacking and inside the planes and everything that occurred. I really think

America need to get their form policies together and really get their act on racism together because if you don't get your act together with some intelligence, you're going to have ignorance that's won't always prevail. So I want to America take an openly stand and get their act together. A lot of things like this can keep on occurring. And the people that did it, you can't just blame it on Islam because Islam don't teach that. Islam teach peace. I studied that. And you can't just sit back and say that this doesn't happen with so -called Christian people like Timothy McVeigh will do the same thing. You can't put that on religion and you can't stop putting on a race. And we got to deal with intelligence. And if we're going to be intelligent, we have to have leaders that's going to represent and have an example to lead an intelligent nation. And that's all I have to say. Well, you said it well, Darryl. Thank you so much for your phone call. Gentlemen, anyone care to comment? Well, you know, again, I think that the colors are all reflecting some of what I feel

and definitely reflect. I think what is my concern in America, we're just getting reports about there's been an increase of violence when college can't hate crimes on college campuses. And African American students have been targeted as well as anyone who looks darker. Where's the beard? Exactly. I want to be very clear that the act that was committed was heinous and reprehensible. But I also know that this is no time as Eddie Bernice Johnson said of the congressional black talks that we should be suspending all civil liberties right now going after people and rounding them up at the level that we've already made several arrests that have been wrong. And I hope that those families receive compensation. I've got a student here at Fish University who's Muslim. She's African American Muslim and she lost her job at Dell Computer here since

this act was, you know, occurred. So I think that these are the things that I'm concerned about is how America avoids dealing with its racism. You know, Michael Eric Dyson, the educator says with regards to racism, we may well call the United States, the United States of Amnesia. And I think that's the concern that I'm got. 1 -800 -360 -1799 is the number. 1 -800 -360 -1799. John and Baltimore, good evening. Yeah, how y 'all doing? Great. Go ahead. Yes. I agree. I do agree it's the foreign policy because because in Afghanistan, because United States have to change that policy because it's Afghanistan is a poor country anyway. And I believe that side of the guy over there, I believe he just passed taking advantage of those poor people for his own political or personal gain. You know what I'm saying? He's trying to be a Mr. another Malcolm, you can say. And

it's concerns me now. I know Afghanistan, they've been fighting over that war over there for 20 -something years. You know, since the time I was coming up, and I blame our government for over their instigating and starting stuff because they wouldn't do that just be doing it just to be doing it. You know what I'm saying? It's a reason for everything. You know what I'm saying? It's a purpose and that's a reason for a season. You heard of it that time before having you. Oh yeah, no doubt. All right. Thank you so much, John. I appreciate your call and your comment. Let's go to Ed in Georgia. Good evening, Ed. Hello, Ed. I want to make a comment about something Dr. Lowry said. It's been said more than once this evening and that is that America needs to do this. America needs to do that. My teachings to my children over the years has been that there is no such thing as the government. It's a person who writes a rule or regulation and other people then pass on that. But it's not the government. And I don't believe that it's really helpful to categorize everybody in America as

the Americans do this or the Americans do that. I don't feel the way that so many of the speakers are categorizing America. In other words, I believe in justice for everybody. I believe that everybody should have an equal opportunity and be treated fairly. And I don't believe that that's the case with every person living in America. I think there are bigots on both sides of every race. I lived in Atlanta a number of years and I worked for a lady who ran for mayor there and we were very good friends and she and I discussed this problem a few times. And I believe that I'm correct that not every American has their views warped by some particular prejudice. I don't think that factor really is something that's solely part of the white ethic or the black I think. I think there are bigots in every race. And I think that's adequately covered by so many the pronouncements that come out of any number of leaders in every race. Okay.

All right, Ed. Let me let Dr. Larry respond. Well, I think what we're talking about here is exercise of power. And we're talking about how it's exercise and our governmental policy. We're talking about how it's exercised by law enforcement. We're talking about how it's exercised by groups in this country that carry out their prejudices and their biases in my violent means. And I'm not often condemned by the greater public. I don't doubt this gentleman's sincerity. Perhaps he's a part of the solution and not part of the problem. I'm sure he's active in some group trying to counter the bigotry that he recognizes across. I haven't met a lot of African -American bigots. I'm sure there's some who are confused. One or two, I imagine here and there confused about that perspective. But to be serious, of course, there are people who have different differing viewpoints in every group. And I don't think that's the issue. We're discussing here. We're talking about national policy. And we're talking about

a perspective that our government seems to be overlooking at the present as it talks about hunting down and wanted data alive. And we remember, I remember, you know, I guess it's hard for us to imagine the people in Baghdad and other parts of the world searching through their rubble for survivors and so forth. But that's the reality. We need to face. And the fact that this thing hit on our soil is what's so stunning to us because even though it hit Pearl Harbor, Waakiki is not the same as Wall Street. And it comes up differently. So I think we have to grapple with the official position of our country. Realistically, we have to do that while at the same time dealing with individual attitudes. Dr. Wimbus or Dr. Weaver? Just very quickly, you know, we have to remember that during the latter part of the Reagan administration that we supplied the arms to the current government in Afghanistan,

the Stinger missile which turned the war for the Afghanistan government against the Russians. I mean, it actually caused them to win the war. And some say was the beginning of the fall of the Soviet Union. And Ronald Reagan welcomed the current government as freedom fighters to the White House. So, you know, we were on Robin Island where Nelson Mandela was in prison. We heard somebody say on that island that one man's freedom fighter is another person's terrorist and vice versa. And I think that one again, that not excusing these crimes, I think that we've got to understand how American foreign policy, both domestic and international, has a lot to be desired relative to human rights. 1 -800 -3601799 is our number, Philip, in South Carolina. Good evening. Yes, first of all, I'd like to commend all your panelists. I've heard many, many good points. I have two things. One, I'd

like to address what a previous colors had mentioned. Many of the detainees, the 300 plus, maybe more. I think many people are soon forgetting or not really paying attention to the fact that many were detained because of immigration violation. They were not necessarily detained because of racial profiling. I'm not saying that that didn't play any part of it, but that I think is a key factor that many people are forgetting. Secondly, I'd like to hear your panelists' comments on America's progress in regards to racism in a historical context because right now we're currently 150, approaching 200 years away

from slavery. That's not something that turns overnight. We do have a long way to go. Unfortunately, we may not see the fruits of the hard work that many people are doing today, but I think that we may learn by looking at countries such as countries in Latin America and how they've dealt with that change and what we can learn from them. All right, Phillip. Thank you. I'll listen to your response. Okay, thanks for your call and we will get those answers in just a moment as PowerPoint continues. Call in with your question or comment. 1 -800 -360 -1799 is our number and we're back in a moment. 2 -800 -360 -1799 is moment as

And welcome back to PowerPoint. I'm Carmen Burns. We're talking about the healing of America in the aftermath of the terrorist attack in Washington, DC and in New York. Joining us, Dr. Raymond Wenbush, the director of the Race Relations Institute at Fisk

University, Dr. Gary Weaver, Chairman of the Advisory Board of the Intercultural Management Institute at American University in Washington, DC and in our PowerPoint studios, one of the pioneers of the Civil Rights Movement, the Reverend Dr. Joseph Lowry, President Emeritus of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference, and the Chairman of the Black Leadership Forum. Our number is 1 -800 -360 -1799, 1 -800 -360 -1799. And before we went to the break, we had Philip from South Carolina who raised two questions and gentlemen, I'd like to throw it out to you. One of them was about that many of those detained were for immigration violations as opposed to racial profiling, even though he admits that that may have played a role in it. Dr. Wenbush or Dr. Weaver? Okay, his first question or comment concerned that said that many of those detained, the 300 that have been, the 300 or so that have been detained were for immigration violations, even though he admits, Philip says that racial profiling may have played, may have indeed played a part in those detentions. And the other one he wanted

to know about was the American progress, the America's progress in regard to racism and to put it in an historical context. Well, you know, always when people ask about the issue of progress, of course we've made racial progress. And you know, we haven't aligned one of the great pioneers in the form of Joe Lowry. Malcolm X was asked that question once and he said, well, for person places of 9 inches in my back and pulls it out, three is a form of progress. I think with most Africans in America, one is the night to be taken completely out. When we talk about racial profiling, also as the caller said, we're talking about people who have, you know, read and actually saw an interview with four men who are a Puerto Rican descend on an airplane and, you know, and pilots and flight attendants refuse to fly with them on it. And again, I don't think that we would do this if white people had bombed the building. We wouldn't

automatically send this, you know, round up all the white folks. I mean, we just won't do that. So we have made progress, but we still have a long ways to go in this struggle to deal with racism in this country. I don't think I could say that any better. You know, in theological or in the church, we did just contact, you know, in the healing or conversion or talk to salvation. You talked about confession as a primary step. It's hard to get forgiven what you're doing, and it's you done. That's right. You know, and so we don't want to confess. We don't even, you know, we don't even think slavery. We argue about apologizing for it. And I'm not all that huddle on apology, you know. I think, and worse, me about apology is that they may think that's the benediction when that should be to open in the him, the infecation. But if they insist on apologizing, and I'd like for them to write it on the back of my deed to the 40 acres and send it by my mule.

But the other thing is that then you didn't you move from confession to repentance. And repentance, they're going to greet matineeo is not just sorry for. It's a change of heart. It's a change of behavior. And and in that restitution, you know, we don't want to talk about reparations. I work with the black farmers since when I retired in the 18th and SCLC, a group of black farmers asked me, we have an eye for testified to federal court and got a two billion a decree consent decree that may amount to about two billion dollars. And that's reparation. I mean, we don't like, we didn't call it that if we were arguing, we thought we might not get the consent decree, but it's to repair damage done by discriminatory policies of the Department of Agriculture over the years. And and and they're having a hard time getting it because we got to continue to fight for it. But I think America needs to come to grip with the fact that we have

a problem in relation to color and race. We didn't drop the bomb on a Nazis. We dropped the bomb on the colored people. And and and we got a deal with that problem. We didn't jump on McVeigh's kin folk in his family and all his neighbors and everybody who looked like McVeigh because he's white. And we've got to come to groups with that problem until we do. We're not going to we're not confessing. We're not repenting. We're not engaging in restitution. And we're not going to move to that final step of reconciliation. 1 -800 -36017 -99 is our number. Zoo in Georgia. Good evening. Hi. Hi. You hear me? Yes. Go ahead. Yeah. I wanted to say first of all, Dr. Larry, you know, we appreciate all of your great, great, wonderful understanding. And we appreciate all of that. And I hope, you know, I hope everyone is understanding you. Secondly, you mentioned about bigotry and a lot of the ills and the woes that, you know, the country has. You know, you're stating it so very well. I just

want it. I don't want to be ashamed to say that, you know, I just left the airport. And, you know, I guess, you know, I was flying out of town. And I had myself a body path. So I submitted it. And I was just scrutinized to the fullest profile in the whole night. I mean, it was, you know, it didn't really, you know, bother me so much because I was pretty much already. And that, you know, thought mode anyway. So, you know, I just want to say that for all that you're saying and for all that you're sharing tonight, Dr. Larry, you're definitely wanted. And I wish that the people will understand where you're coming from and what you're talking about and what you really mean about the progress and the deep woes that the country is just suffering and they'll have to find a way to really pull themselves to grip because, you know, it's not looking, it's not looking good out there, you know, none whatsoever.

And I just wanted to say that and I hope that everyone is listening to Dr. Larry because he has always a lot to share and he's right on it and we should be paying attention. Thank you so very much for your phone call. We only have a few moments left and I would like to get back to that question that was raised a little bit earlier. Do you think that this incident at all can help in some way help this country come together or help the people of this country come together on a lasting level? Dr. Larry? Well, I think that's where hope comes in, you know. We were people of hope and as the Johnson's put it in lift every voice and saying when hope unborn had died, we were people of hope. And I have to keep that flame of hope burning. Yes, we can. And by the grace of God, we shall overcome. And I think people have returned to their hearts and love, love is an answer that and even loving those who don't love you and loving those who are unlovable, that's the kind of spirit that we've got to have. If we're going to really deal with this problem of racism and ethnic

hatred and hostility that God has made of one blood, all nations of people to dwell upon the face of the earth. And we're called to dwell in peace. But at the table of peace, there has to be the bread of justice. Well said, Dr. Wenbush, Dr. Weaver, thank you all so much for being with us and Dr. Larry is always it's been a pleasure. And send those contributions to both of us one more and you're listening to PowerPoint. Healthcare reporting on PowerPoint is funded by the National Speaking of Women's Health Foundation, educating women to make personal decisions about personal healthcare and well -being on the web at speakingofwomen'shealth .com. PowerPoint is funded in part by the Corporation for Public Broadcasting and the National Legacy Foundation. This is PowerPoint, a production of WCLK FM, a broadcast service of Clark Atlanta University.